Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners; Request for Information, 34843-34855 [2015-15001]

Download as PDF 34843 Proposed Rules Federal Register Vol. 80, No. 117 Thursday, June 18, 2015 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 10 CFR Part 430 [Docket Number EERE–2014–BT–STD– 0059] Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners; Request for Information Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Request for Information (RFI). AGENCY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is initiating an effort to determine whether to amend the current energy conservation standards for room air conditioners (room ACs). According to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act’s 6-year review requirement, DOE must publish by April 8, 2017 a notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) to propose new standards for room ACs or a notice of determination that the existing standards do not need to be amended. This RFI seeks to solicit information from the public to help DOE determine whether amended standards for room ACs would result in a significant amount of additional energy savings and whether those standards would be technologically feasible and economically justified. In addition, DOE has identified several issues associated with the currently applicable test procedure for room ACs on which DOE is particularly interested in receiving comment. DATES: Written comments and information are requested on or before August 3, 2015. ADDRESSES: Interested parties are encouraged to submit comments electronically. However, comments may be submitted by any of the following methods: wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS SUMMARY: VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 • Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. • Email: RoomAC2014STD0059@ ee.doe.gov. Include docket number EERE–2014–BT–STD–0059 in the subject line of the message. All comments should clearly identify the name, address, and, if appropriate, organization of the commenter. Submit electronic comments in Word Perfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or ASCII file format, and avoid the use of special characters or any form on encryption. • Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE–5B, Request for Information for Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners, Docket No. EERE–2014– BT–STD–0059, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585– 0121. Please submit one signed paper original. • Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Sixth Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20024. Please submit one signed paper original. Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name and docket number for this rulemaking. No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted. Docket: The docket is available for review at www.regulations.gov, including Federal Register notices, comments, and other supporting documents/materials. All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in the index may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt from public disclosure. A link to the docket Web page can be found at: https:// www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail; D=EERE-2014-BT-STD-0059. This Web page contains a link to the docket for this notice on the www.regulations.gov Web site. The www.regulations.gov Web page contains simple instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Direct requests for additional information may be sent to: Mr. Bryan Berringer, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE–5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121. Telephone: 202–586–0371. Email: room_air_conditioners@ee.doe.gov. Ms. Sarah Butler, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–1777. Email: Sarah.Butler@hq.doe.gov. For information on how to submit or review public comments, contact Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE–5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–2945. Email: Brenda.Edwards@ee.doe.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Introduction A. Authority and Background B. Rulemaking Process II. Request for Information and Comments A. Products Covered by this Rule B. Test Procedure 1. Background 2. Updated Energy Efficiency Metric 3. Test Method for Cooling Mode 4. Test Method for Heating Mode 5. Test Method for Part Load Performance 6. Test Methods for Products that Operate on Mutliple Voltages 7. Test Methods for ‘‘Connected Products’’ C. Market and Technology Assessment 1. Product Classes 2. Technology Assessment D. Screening Analysis 1. Weight Limits 2. Chassis size Limits 3. Acoustic Noise E. Engineering Analysis 1. Baseline Models 2. Baseline Efficiency Levels 3. Higher Efficiency Levels F. Markups Analysis G. Energy Use Analysis H. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis I. Shipments Analysis J. National Impact Analysis K. Manufacturer Impact Analysis III. Submission of Comments I. Introduction A. Authority and Background E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 34844 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules Title III, Part B 1 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA or the Act), Public Law 94–163, (42 U.S.C. 6291–6309, as codified) sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency and established the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles, a program covering major household appliances (collectively referred to as ‘‘covered products’’), including room ACs.2 EPCA authorizes DOE to establish technologically feasible, economically justified energy conservation standards for covered products that would be likely to result in significant national energy savings. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(I)–(VII)) The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA), Public Law 100–12, amended EPCA to establish prescriptive standards for room ACs manufactured on or after January 1, 1990, and directed DOE to conduct two cycles of rulemakings to determine if more stringent standards were justified. (42 U.S.C. 6295(c)(1)–(2)) DOE undertook the first cycle of these rulemakings and published a final rule on September 24, 1997 (hereafter the September 1997 Final Rule), revising the energy conservation standards for room ACs manufactured on or after October 1, 2000. 62 FR 50122. For the second cycle of rulemakings, DOE published a direct final rule on April 21, 2011 (hereafter the April 2011 Direct Final Rule), amending the energy conservation standards for room ACs manufactured on or after April 21, 2014. 76 FR 22454. DOE published a final rule amending the compliance dates for energy conservation standards for residential room air conditioners. 76 FR 52852 (Aug. 24, 2011). In a separate notice, also on August 24, 2011, DOE confirmed the adoption of these energy conservation standards in a notice of effective date and compliance dates for the direct final rule published on August 24, 2011 (76 FR 52854), which also adopted compliance dates which were set forth in a proposed rule published on May 9, 2011 (76 FR 26656). The current energy conservation standards apply to room ACs manufactured on or after June 1, 2014. EPCA requires that, not later than 6 years after the issuance of a final rule establishing or amending a standard, DOE publish a NOPR proposing new standards or a notice of determination that the existing standards do not need to be amended. (42 U.S.C. 6295(m)(1)) Based on this provision, DOE must publish by April 8, 2017, either a NOPR proposing amended standards for room ACs or a notice of determination that the existing standards do not need to be amended. This notice represents the initiation of the mandatory review process imposed by EPCA and seeks input from the public to assist DOE with its determination on whether amended standards pertaining to room ACs are warranted. In making this determination, DOE must evaluate whether more stringent standards would (1) yield a significant savings in energy use and (2) be both technologically feasible and economically justified. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B)) B. Rulemaking Process DOE must follow specific statutory criteria for prescribing new or amended standards for covered products. EPCA requires that any new or amended energy conservation standard be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy or water efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified. To determine whether a standard is economically justified, EPCA requires that DOE determine whether the benefits of the standard exceed its burdens by considering, to the greatest extent practicable, the following: 1. The economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and consumers of the affected products; 2. The savings in operating costs throughout the estimated average life of the product compared to any increases in the initial cost, or maintenance expense; 3. The total projected amount of energy and water (if applicable) savings likely to result directly from the imposition of the standard; 4. Any lessening of the utility or the performance of the products likely to result from the imposition of the standard; 5. The impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in writing by the Attorney General, that is likely to result from the imposition of the standard; 6. The need for national energy and water conservation; and 7. Other factors the Secretary of Energy (Secretary) considers relevant. (42 U.S.C. 6295 (o)(2)(B)(i)) DOE fulfills these and other applicable requirements by conducting a series of analyses throughout the rulemaking process. Table I.1 shows the individual analyses that are performed to satisfy each of the requirements within EPCA. TABLE I.1—EPCA REQUIREMENTS AND CORRESPONDING DOE ANALYSIS EPCA requirement Corresponding DOE analysis Technological Feasibility .......................................................................... Economic Justification: 1. Economic impact on manufacturers and consumers ................... wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 2. Lifetime operating cost savings compared to increased cost for the product. 3. Total projected energy savings ..................................................... 4. Impact on utility or performance ................................................... 5. Impact of any lessening of competition ........................................ 6. Need for national energy and water conservation ........................ 1 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code, Part B was re-designated Part A. VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 • Market and Technology Assessment. • Screening Analysis. • Engineering Analysis. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Manufacturer Impact Analysis. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis. Life-Cycle Cost Subgroup Analysis. Shipments Analysis. Markups for Product Price Determination. Energy and Water Use Determination. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis. Shipments Analysis. National Impact Analysis. Screening Analysis. Engineering Analysis. Manufacturer Impact Analysis. Shipments Analysis. National Impact Analysis. 2 All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute as amended through the Energy PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015, Public Law 114–11 (April 30, 2015). E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules 34845 TABLE I.1—EPCA REQUIREMENTS AND CORRESPONDING DOE ANALYSIS—Continued EPCA requirement Corresponding DOE analysis 7. Other factors the Secretary considers relevant ............................ As detailed throughout this RFI, DOE is specifically publishing this notice as the first step in the analysis process and is specifically requesting input and data from interested parties to aid in the development of the technical analyses. wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS II. Request for Information and Comments In the next section, DOE has identified a variety of questions that DOE would like to receive input on to aid in the development of the technical and economic analyses regarding whether new standards for room ACs may be warranted. In addition, DOE welcomes comments on other issues relevant to the conduct of this rulemaking that may not specifically be identified in this notice. A. Products Covered by This Rulemaking DOE defines ‘‘room air conditioner’’ under EPCA as ‘‘a consumer product, other than a ‘‘packaged terminal air conditioner,’’ which is powered by a single phase electric current and which is an encased assembly designed as a unit for mounting in a window or through the wall for the purpose of providing delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed space. It includes a prime source of refrigeration and may include a means for ventilating and heating. (10 CFR 430.2) DOE intends to address energy conservation standards for all room ACs. DOE notes that other consumer products, including portable ACs and residential dehumidifiers, are selfencased, powered by a single phase electric current, refrigeration-based, and provide delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed space. Portable ACs also provide connection through ducting to a window mounting bracket. DOE believes, however, that the requirement in the room AC definition that the encased assembly be designed as a unit for mounting in a window refers to the product in its entirety, and not just to duct connections. For this reason, DOE is not proposing to update the definition of ‘‘room air conditioner’’ to exclude other consumer products. DOE is aware that room ACs may provide additional consumer-oriented VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 • • • • • Emissions Analysis. Utility Impact Analysis. Employment Impact Analysis. Monetization of Emission Reductions Benefits. Regulatory Impact Analysis. functions besides cooling, heating, and ventilation. Certain units may offer an air circulation feature, in which the room air is circulated without the addition of any outside air. In addition, certain units may provide an air cleaning function by means of electrostatic filtration, ultraviolet radiation, or ozone generators. DOE requests feedback from interested parties on the suitability of adding references to air circulation, air cleaning, or other functions to the room air conditioner definition. Issue A.1 DOE requests comment on the definition of room ACs and the consideration of energy conservation standards for all room ACs. B. Test Procedure 1. Background Prior to June 1, 2014, room AC performance was certified using the energy efficiency ratio (EER). EER is expressed in British thermal units (Btu) per watt-hour (Wh), and is the quotient of: (1) The cooling capacity in Btu per hour, divided by: (2) The electrical input power in watts (W). (10 CFR 430.23(f)(2)) The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007), Public Law 110–140, amended EPCA to require that standby mode and off mode energy consumption be integrated into the overall energy efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy descriptor unless the Secretary determines that (i) the current test procedures for a covered product already fully account for and incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption of the covered product; or (ii) such an integrated test procedure is technically infeasible for a particular covered product, in which case the Secretary shall prescribe a separate standby mode and off mode energy use test procedure for the covered product, if technically feasible. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) On January 6, 2011, DOE published in the Federal Register a final rule for a room air AC test procedure rulemaking (January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule), in which DOE determined it is technically feasible to incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption into overall energy consumption. As a result, PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 DOE adopted new methods to calculate room AC standby and off mode energy use and the new measure of energy efficiency, Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio (CEER), that integrates standby and off mode energy use with the active mode energy use. 76 FR 972, 991–992 (Jan. 6, 2011) In the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule, DOE incorporated by reference into the room AC test procedures specific clauses from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 62301, ‘‘Household electrical appliances—Measurement of standby power’’, First Edition, 2005–06 (IEC Standard 62301 First Edition) regarding test conditions and test procedures for measuring standby and off mode power consumption. DOE also incorporated definitions of ‘‘active mode,’’ ‘‘standby mode,’’ and ‘‘off mode’’ that are based on the definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301, ‘‘Household electrical appliances—Measurement of standby power’’, Second Edition, Committee Draft for Vote (IEC Standard 62301 CDV). Further, DOE adopted language to clarify the application of clauses from IEC Standard 62301 First Edition and the mode definitions from IEC Standard 62301 CDV for measuring standby and off mode power consumption. 76 FR 972, 979–987 (Jan. 6, 2011). Also as part of the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule, DOE amended the room AC test procedure to update the references to industry test standards to the versions applicable at that time: (1) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) RAC–1–2008, ‘‘Room Air Conditioners’’ (ANSI/AHAM RAC–1–2008); 3 and (2) ANSI/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard (ASHRAE) 16–1983 (RA2009), ‘‘Method of Testing for Rating Room Air Conditioners and Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners’’ (ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16–1983 (RA2009)),4 3 AHAM standards are available for purchase online at: www.aham.org/ht/d/Store/name/ STANDARDS/pid/5132. 4 ASHRAE standards are available for purchase online at: www.techstreet.com/ashrae/. E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules 2. Updated Energy Efficiency Metric On February 25, 2015, DOE published a test procedure NOPR for portable ACs that proposes the use of a revised CEER metric that accounts for energy consumption in each of the identified active, standby, and off modes: Cooling mode, heating mode, off-cycle mode, inactive mode, and off mode (hereafter referred to as the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR). 80 FR 10212. As discussed in section II.A of this notice, DOE is requesting input on including definitions for different operating modes in the definitions for room ACs. If such additional modes are included, DOE would also consider whether to revise the current room AC CEER metric to account for the energy use in them. In particular, DOE is interested in feedback Where: CEERC is the combined energy efficiency ratio in cooling mode, in Btu/Wh. ACC is the adjusted cooling capacity, in Btu/ h. AECT is the total annual energy consumption attributed to all modes except cooling and heating, in kWh/year. t is the number of hours per year, 8,760. k is 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours. wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 80 FR 10211, 10234 (Feb. 25, 2015). The CEERC would be calculated for all units, including those with only cooling Where: CEER is the combined energy efficiency ratio, in Btu/Wh. ACC is the adjusted cooling capacity, in Btu/ h. AHC is the adjusted heating capacity, in Btu/ h. AECT is the total annual energy consumption attributed to all modes except cooling and heating, in kWh/year. hc and hh are the cooling and heating mode operating hours, respectively. t is the number of hours per year, 8,760. k is 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours. 80 FR 10211, 10234–35 (Feb. 25, 2015). VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 on whether to consider including in the room AC CEER metric the same modes proposed for the portable AC metric, because of the similarity between the two products. As a possible approach, DOE could consider the proposal in the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR, in which average power in each mode would be measured and then individually multiplied by the annual operating hours for its respective mode. AECi = Pi × hi × k Where: AECi is the annual energy consumption in each mode, in kilowatt-hours (kWh)/ year; Pi is the average power in each mode, in W; hi is the number of annual operating hours in each mode; i designates the operating mode (‘‘c’’ cooling, ‘‘h’’ heating, ‘‘oc’’ off-cycle, and ‘‘ia’’ inactive or ‘‘om’’ off mode); and k is 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for Wh to kWh. 80 FR 10211, 10234 (Feb. 25, 2015). In order to calculate AECi, DOE would need to define the annual operating hours for each mode. The current room AC test procedure specifies 750 hours for active cooling mode, and a total of 5,115 hours for inactive and off mode. (10 CFR part 430 appendix F to subpart B). DOE established these values in the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule. DOE seeks input on mode hours for the complete set of operating modes that may be defined for room ACs. To incorporate the new operating modes into a revised CEER metric, the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR proposed defining the new term; ‘‘combined cooling mode EER’’ (CEERC). function and those with both cooling and heating functions. For units with cooling and heating functions, the metric would be calculated assuming heating mode is not used and therefore, the operating hours that would have been attributed to heating mode and other associated operating modes during the heating season would be neglected. In the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR, DOE proposed that the resulting CEERC is a meaningful metric for portable ACs without a heating function, and a basis for comparing cooling mode efficiency for units that include heating function, as well as a metric that could be compared to other cooling products, such as room ACs. Id. To calculate the overall energy efficiency metric for portable ACs without a heating function, the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR proposed that the revised CEER would be directly equal to the unit’s calculated CEERC. However, for units with both cooling and heating mode, the revised overall CEER would be calculated as follows. Issue B.1 DOE seeks comment on the merits and/or limitations of revising the room AC test procedure and efficiency metric to account for energy consumption in various modes, which may include cooling mode, heating mode, off-cycle mode, inactive mode, off mode, or others. Issue B.2 DOE requests data on annual operating hours for the room AC operating modes. Issue B.3 DOE seeks comment on revising the room AC test procedure to require calculation of CEERC for all units, including those with only cooling function, and those with both cooling and heating functions. Issue B.4 DOE seeks comment on revising the definition of CEER for room ACs to be consistent with definitions proposed in the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR. PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 3. Test Methods for Cooling Mode The current room AC test procedure specifies that cooling mode performance be tested in accordance with the methods and conditions in ANSI/ AHAM RAC–1–2008 and ANSI/ ASHRAE 16–1983 (RA2009). (10 CFR part 430, appendix F to subpart B) E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 EP18JN15.001</GPH> respectively. 76 FR 972, 1016–1017 (Jan. 6, 2011). EP18JN15.000</GPH> 34846 34847 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules ANSI/ASHRAE reaffirmed the test standard 16–1983 most recently in 2014. ANSI/ASHRAE 16–1983 (R2014) specifies measuring cooling performance using a calorimeter method. DOE is aware, however, that ASHRAE is currently undertaking a revision to ANSI/ASHRAE 16–1983 (R2014) that is expected to allow cooling performance to be measured using an air enthalpy method similar to that specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 37– 2009 ‘‘Methods of Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump Equipment’’ (ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009). Issue B.5 DOE seeks comment on the possible use of an air enthalpy method as an alternative to the current calorimeter method to measure cooling performance in the room AC test procedure. Issue B.6 DOE requests test data comparing the performance and accuracy of the current calorimeter method to the air enthalpy method being considered in a revision to ANSI/ ASHRAE 16–1983 (R2014). Issue B.7 DOE requests information on the burdens associated with testing cooling performance using an air enthalpy method. Specifically DOE is interested in data related to the required capital investment costs, per-test costs, and testing time associated with air enthalpy testing. DOE is also interested in how these costs compare to those for the existing calorimeter method, and whether the burden for air enthalpy testing would disproportionately impact certain businesses. 4. Test Methods for Heating Mode If DOE revises the room AC test procedure to require calculation of CEERh for models with reverse cycle, DOE would need to define a method for measuring heating performance. DOE is currently evaluating test methods that have been developed (or are proposed) for other residential or light commercial space cooling/heating appliances, such as portable ACs, packaged terminal ACs (PTACs), and packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs). In the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR DOE proposed using an air enthalpy method to measure portable AC heating performance. The proposed method is based on AHAM PAC–1–2014 ‘‘Portable Air Conditioners’’ (AHAM PAC–1), which references test methods established in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009. 80 FR 10211, 10217–10231 (Feb. 25, 2015). For this method, DOE proposed standard rating conditions for the evaporator (room) side and condenser (outdoor) side of dual-duct portable ACs as shown in Table II.1. DOE considers the test conditions in Table II.1 to be the most representative of typical heating mode use for portable ACs, which are likely used as supplemental or low-capacity heaters when a central heating system isn’t necessary or operating. DOE notes that the terms ‘‘evaporator’’ and ‘‘condenser’’ refer to the heat exchanger configuration in cooling mode, not the reverse-cycle heating mode. TABLE II.1—STANDARD RATING CONDITIONS FOR DUAL DUCT PACS—HEATING MODE Evaporator inlet air degrees Fahrenheit (°F) (°Celsius (C)) Condenser inlet air °F (°C) Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Wet Bulb 70.0 (21.1) 60.0 (15.6) 47.0 (8.33) 43.0 (6.11) In the current PTAC and PTHP test procedure (10 CFR 431.96), DOE also uses an air enthalpy method to measure heating mode performance. For this test procedure, DOE incorporates by reference in total the American Refrigeration Institute (ARI) Standard 310/380–2004 ‘‘Standard for Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners And Heat Pumps’’ (ARI 310/380–2004).5 ARI 310/ 380–2004 in turn references ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 58–1999 ‘‘Methods of Testing Rating Room Air Conditioner and Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner Heating Capacity’’ (ANSI/ASHRAE 58– 1999) to rate the heating performance of both PTACs and PTHPs. AHR 310/380– 2004 specifically notes that ‘‘standard ratings relating to cooling capacity and heating capacity shall be net values, including the effects of circulating fan heat, but not including supplementary heat. Standard input ratings shall be the total power input to the compressor(s) and fans, plus controls and other items included as part of the model number(s).’’ AHR 310/380–2004 provides methods to calculate heat pump heating capacities and energy consumption at both ‘‘hightemperature’’ and ‘‘low-temperature’’ operating conditions, but specifies that EER and coefficient of performance (COP) are only calculated for the hightemperature condition. Table II.2 summarizes the rating conditions for high- and low-temperature conditions. TABLE II.2—STANDARD RATING CONDITIONS FOR PTHPS AND PTACS WITH REVERSE CYCLE CAPABILITY—HEATING MODE Evaporator inlet air °F (°C) Operating condition wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS Dry Bulb High-Temperature ........................................... Low-Temperature ............................................ 70.0 (21.1) 70.0 (21.1) Condenser inlet air °F (°C) Wet Bulb Dry Bulb 60.0 (15.6) max .............................................. 60.0 (15.6) max .............................................. Wet Bulb 47.0 (8.3) 17.0 (¥8.3) 43.0 (6.1) 15.0 (¥9.4) Issue B.8 DOE seeks comment on appropriate test methods, external standards, and operating conditions for measuring heating performance in room ACs with reverse cycle. Specifically, DOE seeks comment on the high- temperature operating conditions specified in Table II.2. DOE also 5 ARI 310/380–2004 is available online at: www.ari.org/App_Content/ahri/files/ standards%20pdfs/ANSI%20standards%20pdfs/ ANSI.AHRI.CSA%20Standard%20310_3802004.pdf. VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 34848 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS welcomes suggestions and supporting data for alternative methods. Issue B.9 DOE requests information on the burdens associated with testing heating performance, using methods similar to ANSI/ASHRAE 58–1999 or ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009, or other methods. Specifically DOE is interested in data related to the required capital investment costs, per-test costs, and testing time associate with sound testing. DOE also requests comment on whether this burden would disproportionately impact certain businesses. 5. Test Methods for Part Load Performance In the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule, DOE discussed that the test procedure established in that rule does not measure the benefits of technologies that improve part-load performance. 76 FR 972, 1016 (Jan. 6, 2011). The current room AC test procedure measures only the full-load performance at outdoor ambient conditions of 95 °F dry-bulb and 75 °F wet-bulb. Therefore, technologies that improve part-load performance, such as multiple-speed compressors and variable-opening expansion devices, will not improve the rated performance of a room AC under the current test procedure. In contrast, central ACs and heat pumps are rated with a seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) descriptor, but the test procedure consists of multiple rating points at different conditions that add time and expense when rating the product. DOE concluded in the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule that widespread use of part-load technology in room ACs would not likely be stimulated by the development of a part-load metric at this time, and therefore, the significant effort required to develop an accurate part-load metric is not likely to be warranted by the expected minimal energy savings. 76 FR 972, 1016 (Jan. 6, 2011. For the current test procedure rulemaking, DOE again intends to investigate the merits and limitations of revising the current room AC test procedure to account for any benefits of technologies that improve part-load performance. As part of this investigation, DOE expects to research the availability of room ACs on the market in the United States that incorporate variable speed compressors and other components and controls that would enable implementation of partload operation. Issue B.10 DOE seeks comment on the merits and/or limitations of revising the current room AC test procedure to VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 account for benefit of technologies that improve part-load performance, and welcomes suggestions and supporting information for test methods that measure part-load operation. Issue B.11 DOE seeks data and information on the prevalence of room ACs in the U.S. market that are capable of part-load operation. 6. Test Methods for Products That Operate on Multiple Voltages DOE is aware that there are room ACs available in the United States that can operate on multiple voltages for the input power. These products may have a different capacity measured at each operating voltage. As a result, a single product may be categorized into two different product classes and therefore be required to comply with two different energy conservation standards, depending on which voltage is used to test the product. Currently, the room AC test procedure does not specify which voltage a product should be tested at, if it is capable of operating with multiple voltages. Issue B.12 DOE seeks comment on how to test and certify products that may operate on multiple voltages. Specifically, DOE is interested in comment on how to treat products that may be categorized into two different product classes, depending on operating voltage. 7. Test Methods for ‘‘Connected Products’’ On February 20, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the Final Version 4.0 ‘‘ENERGY STAR Product Specification for Room Air Conditioners.’’ 6 Along with revised efficiency criteria, EPA specified an optional connected criteria for room ACs designed to provide enhanced functionality to consumers, such as alerts/messages, remote control, and energy information, as well as new demand response capabilities to support future smart grid interconnection. Products that meet these optional criteria and are certified using a future test method to validate the demand response capabilities could take advantage of a 5-percent energy use allowance for ENERGY STAR rating qualification. DOE anticipates that the revised ENERGY STAR specification may increase the market penetration of ‘‘connected products.’’ It is possible that connected products may consume a significant amount of energy while 6 Available online at www.energystar.gov/ products/spec/room_air_conditioner_specification_ version_4_0_pd. PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 performing these connected functions. As such, DOE is considering whether to amend the room AC test procedure and energy conservation standards to account for the energy consumed while the product performs connected functions. Issue B.13 DOE requests information on ‘‘connected’’ room ACs that are already on the market in the United States. Specifically, DOE is interested in the available ‘‘connected’’ features, as well as the energy consumption while these features are active or awaiting commands. Issue B.14 DOE request information on the current and anticipated market penetration of ‘‘connected products.’’ C. Market and Technology Assessment The market and technology assessment provides information about the room AC industry that will be used throughout the rulemaking process. For example, this information will be used to determine whether the existing product class structure requires modification based on the statutory criteria for setting such classes and to explore the potential for technological improvements in the design and manufacturing of such products. DOE uses qualitative and quantitative information to characterize the structure of the room AC industry and market. DOE will identify and characterize the manufacturers of room ACs, estimate market shares and trends, address regulatory and non-regulatory initiatives intended to improve energy efficiency or reduce energy consumption, and explore the potential for technological improvements in the design and manufacturing of room ACs. DOE will also review product literature, industry publications, and company Web sites. Additionally, DOE will consider conducting interviews with manufacturers to assess the overall market for room ACs. 1. Product Classes As required by EPCA, the criteria for separation into different classes are: (1) Type of energy used, or (2) capacity or other performance-related features such as those that provide utility to the consumer or others deemed appropriate by the Secretary that would justify the establishment of a separate energy conservation standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295 (q)) For room ACs, the NAECA amendments to EPCA, initially specified 12 product classes which were applicable to units designed for singlehung or double-hung window installation or through-thewall installation and based on the following E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules criteria: (1) cooling capacity, in Btu/h; (2) the presence of louvered sides (LS); and (3) the capability of reverse cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6295(c)(1)). In the September 1997 Final Rule, DOE established an updated set of performance standards (effective October 1, 2000) which included four additional product classes. 62 FR 50122 (Sept. 24, 1997). In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE split Product Classes 5 and 8 into two product classes each. Former Product Class 5 (louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 20,000 Btu/h and higher) was split into Product Class 5A (louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 20,000 to 27,999 Btu/h) and Product Class 5B (louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 28,000 Btu/h and higher). Former Product Class 8 (non-louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 8,000 to 13,999 Btu/h) was split into Product Class 8A (non-louvered, non-reversecycle, capacity of 8,000 to 10,999 Btu/ h) and Product Class 8B (nonlouvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h). 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). Table II.3 lists the current 18 product classes for room ACs. TABLE II.3—CURRENT ROOM AIR CONDITIONER PRODUCT CLASSES TABLE II.3—CURRENT ROOM AIR CON- These technologies are listed in Table DITIONER PRODUCT CLASSES—Con- II.4. tinued DOE is aware that certain 7. 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h. 8A. 8,000 to 10,999 Btu/h. 8B. 11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h. 9. 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h. 10. 20,000 Btu/h or more With reverse cycle 11. With louvered sides and less than 20,000 Btu/h. 12. Without louvered sides and less than 14,000 Btu/h. 13. With louvered sides and 20,000 Btu/h or more. 14. Without louvered sides and 14,000 Btu/h or more. Casement 15. Casement-Only. 16. Casement-Slide. Issue C.1 DOE requests feedback on the current room AC product classes and seeks information regarding any other product classes it should consider for inclusion in its analysis. 2. Technology Assessment Without reverse cycle and with louvered sides 1. Less than 6,000 Btu/h. 2. 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h. 3. 8,000 to 13,999 Btu/h. 4. 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h. 5A. 20,000 to 27,999 Btu/h. 5B. 28,000 Btu/h or more. Without reverse cycle and without louvered sides 6. Less than 6,000 Btu/h. 34849 DOE uses information about existing and past technology options and prototype designs to help identify technologies that manufacturers could use to meet and/or exceed energy conservation standards. In consultation with interested parties, DOE intends to develop a list of technologies to consider in its analysis. Initially, this list will include a subset of the technology options considered during the most recent room AC energy conservation standards rulemaking. technologies listed in Table II.4 may have progressed since the April 2011 Direct Final Rule. Specifically, at the time of that analysis, the room AC industry was responding to the EPAmandated phase-out of HFC–22 refrigerant. 74 FR 66412, 66418 (Dec. 15, 2009). This rule led to an industry changeover to R–410A refrigerant. Manufacturers expressed concern at the time over the availability of R–410A compressors, stating that production capacity of compressor suppliers had not fully rebounded and compressor suppliers had yet to offer the same range of compressor capacities and efficiency tiers (See chapter 12 of the direct final rule technical support document (TSD).). Consequently, DOE plans to investigate improvements in R–410A compressors that may have come available since the April 2011 Direct Final Rule. Additionally, in the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE investigated the technological feasibility of the alternative refrigerant R–407C. 76 FR 22490 (April 21, 2011). For this rulemaking, DOE may reevaluate R– 407C, as well as other hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants. Furthermore, DOE is aware that three new refrigerants have been approved for use in room air conditioners by the EPA under the Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP), subject to certain use conditions: R–290, R–441A and R–32.80 FR 19454 (Apr. 10, 2015). For this rulemaking, DOE plans to investigate the technological feasibility of these refrigerants. TABLE II.4—TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS Technology passed to screening analysis in April 2011 direct final rule? wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS Increased heat transfer surface area 1. 2. 3. 4. Increased frontal coil area ..................................................................................................................................................................... Increased depth of coil (add tube rows) ............................................................................................................................................... Increased fin density ............................................................................................................................................................................. Add subcooler to condenser coil ........................................................................................................................................................... Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Increased Heat Transfer Coefficients 5. Improved fin design ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6. Improved tube design ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7. Hydrophilic-film coating on fins ............................................................................................................................................................. VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Yes. Yes. Yes. 34850 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules TABLE II.4—TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS—Continued Technology passed to screening analysis in April 2011 direct final rule? 8. Spray condensate onto condenser coil ................................................................................................................................................. 9. Microchannel heat exchangers ............................................................................................................................................................. Yes. Yes. Component Improvements 10. Improved indoor blower and outdoor fan efficiency ............................................................................................................................ 11. Improved blower/fan motor efficiency ................................................................................................................................................. 12. Improved compressor efficiency .......................................................................................................................................................... Yes. Yes. Yes. Part-Load Technology Improvements 13. Two-speed, variable-speed, or modulating-capacity compressors ..................................................................................................... 14. Thermostatic or electronic expansion valves ...................................................................................................................................... 15. Thermostatic cyclic controls ................................................................................................................................................................ Yes. Yes. Yes. Standby Power Improvements 16. Switching Power Supply ...................................................................................................................................................................... Yes. Refrigeration System Options 17. Alternative Refrigerants (R–407C) ...................................................................................................................................................... 18. Suction-Line Heat Exchanger .............................................................................................................................................................. wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS Issue C.2 DOE seeks information related to the technologies listed in Table II.4 or other technologies as to their applicability to the current market and how these technologies improve efficiency of room ACs as measured according to the DOE test procedure. Issue C.3 DOE seeks information related to efficiency improvements in R–410A compressors since the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, their applicability and/or penetration in the current market, and how the compressors improve efficiency of room ACs as measured according to the DOE test procedure. Issue C.4 DOE seeks information related to the alternative HFC and HC refrigerants, including propane. Specifically, DOE seeks information on the availability of such refrigerants, and, their applicability and/or penetration in the current market, and how these refrigerants improve efficiency of room ACs as measured according to the DOE test procedure. D. Screening Analysis The purpose of the screening analysis is to evaluate the technologies that improve equipment efficiency to determine which technologies will be eliminated from further consideration and which will be passed to the engineering analysis for further consideration. VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 Appendix A to subpart C of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 430 (10 CFR part 430), ‘‘Procedures, Interpretations and Policies for Consideration of New or Revised Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Products’’ (the Process Rule), sets forth procedures to guide DOE in its consideration and promulgation of new or revised equipment energy conservation standards. These procedures elaborate on the statutory criteria provided in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) and, in part, eliminate problematic technologies early in the process of prescribing or amending an energy efficiency standard. In particular, sections 4(b)(4) and 5(b) of the Process Rule guide DOE in determining whether to eliminate from consideration any technology that presents unacceptable problems with respect to the following criteria: (1) Technological feasibility. Technologies incorporated in commercial equipment or in working prototypes will be considered technologically feasible. (2) Practicability to manufacture, install, and service. If mass production of a technology in commercial equipment and reliable installation and servicing of the technology could be achieved on the scale necessary to serve the relevant market at the time of the effective date of the standard, then that PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 No. No. technology will be considered practicable to manufacture, install, and service. (3) Impacts on equipment utility or equipment availability. If a technology is determined to have significant adverse impact on the utility of the equipment to significant subgroups of consumers, or result in the unavailability of any covered equipment type with performance characteristics (including reliability), features, sizes, capacities, and volumes that are substantially the same as equipment generally available in the United States at the time, it will not be considered further. (4) Adverse impacts on health or safety. If it is determined that a technology will have significant adverse impacts on health or safety, it will not be considered further. Technology options developed in the technology assessment are evaluated against these criteria using DOE analyses and inputs from manufacturers, trade organizations, and energy efficiency advocates. Technologies that pass through the screening analysis are referred to as ‘‘design options’’ in the engineering analysis. Technology options that fail to meet one or more of the four criteria are eliminated from consideration. As a part of the screening analysis, DOE has identified three specific E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules 2. Chassis Size Limits In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule analysis, DOE used a methodology that established maximum chassis widths and heights for each product class, when considering a baseline unit. DOE established these limits based on the dimensions of the largest R–410A room AC in each product class on the market. DOE did not set a limit for maximum chassis depth in that analysis. Issue D.3 DOE seeks input on potentially establishing chassis size limits as part of a design option analysis. DOE also welcomes suggestions and supporting analysis for alternative chassis size limits. Issue D.4 DOE seeks input on any factors that may help define chassis dimension limits beyond the dimensions of room ACs currently on the market in the United States. Specifically DOE welcomes data on the distribution of window widths and heights in U.S. residences. higher levels of efficiency. Certain technology options, such as higher speed fans, can facilitate increased heat transfer and improved efficiency, but may result in increased acoustic noise. As a part of the screening analysis, DOE intends to investigate this relationship, specifically as it relates to impacts on consumer utility. As such DOE seeks input on test methods appropriate to objectively evaluate acoustic noise in room ACs. DOE is aware that the European Union (EU), through its EcoDesign regulations, recently instituted maximum sound power levels for room ACs assessed under EN 12102:2013 ‘‘Air Conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps and dehumidifiers with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling— Measurement of airborne noise— Determination of sound power levels’’ (EN 12102:2013). Under the new EU regulation, room ACs may not exceed indoor sound power levels of 60 decibels (dB)(A) and outdoor sound power levels of 60dB(A). Similarly, the October 28, 2014 EPA Draft 1 of Version 4.0 ‘‘ENERGY STAR Product Specification for Room Air Conditioners’’ 8 proposed that measured indoor sound power level shall not exceed 60dB(A), as measured using EN 12102:2013. In response to stakeholder comment, the EPA chose to remove the sound performance criteria in its February 20, 2015 Final Version 4.0 of ‘‘ENERGY STAR Product Specification for Room Air Conditioners.’’ 9 Stakeholders identified the lack of availability of test chambers and the burden of both building capacity for testing and sound power testing as one barrier to the inclusion of sound performance in an ENERGY STAR specification. Issue D.5 DOE requests suggestions for test methods that are appropriate to objectively evaluate acoustic noise in room ACs. Issue D.6 DOE requests information on the relationship between acoustic noise, in dB(A), or other appropriate units, and consumer satisfaction. Issue D.7 DOE requests feedback and data on how the design options presented in section II.C impact room AC acoustic noise. 3. Acoustic Noise DOE understands that increased noise levels might occur as room ACs attain E. Engineering Analysis The engineering analysis estimates the cost-efficiency relationship of 7 NIOSH guideline: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ docs/2007-131/. OSHA guideline: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ etools/electricalcontractors/materials/heavy.html. 8 Available online at www.energystar.gov/ products/spec/room_air_conditioner_specification_ version_4_0_pdf. 9 Id. consumer-oriented issues that it seeks input on. These issues are weight limits, chassis size limits, and acoustic noise. The following three subsections provide further details on these issues. wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 1. Weight Limits In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule analysis DOE limited the total weight of the Product Class 1 (as defined in Table II.3) baseline unit to 50 pounds, to avoid exceeding Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) guidelines for single-person lifting.7 DOE did not consider limiting the weight of the other analyzed product classes because baseline units in those product classes already exceeded this weight limit. Issue D.1 DOE seeks input on the merits and/or limitations of maintaining a 50-pound limit for room ACs in Product Class 1. DOE also welcomes suggestions and supporting analysis for alternative weight limits. Issue D.2 DOE seeks input on whether to consider weight limits for product classes other than Product Class 1 in the room AC analysis. DOE also welcomes suggestions and data for additional product class-specific weight limits. VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 34851 products at different levels of increased energy efficiency (‘‘efficiency levels’’). This relationship serves as the basis for the cost-benefit calculations for consumers, manufacturers, and the nation. In determining the costefficiency relationship, DOE estimates the change in manufacturer cost associated with increasing the efficiency of products above the baseline, up to the maximum technologically feasible (‘‘max-tech’’) efficiency level for each product class. DOE historically has used the following three methodologies to generate incremental manufacturing costs and establish efficiency levels (ELs) for analysis: (1) The design-option approach, which provides the incremental costs of adding to a baseline model design options that will improve its efficiency; (2) the efficiency-level approach, which provides the relative costs of achieving increases in energy efficiency levels, without regard to the particular design options used to achieve such increases; and (3) the costassessment (or reverse engineering) approach, which provides ‘‘bottom-up’’ manufacturing cost assessments for achieving various levels of increased efficiency, based on detailed data as to costs for parts and material, labor, shipping/packaging, and investment for models that operate at particular efficiency levels. 1. Baseline Models For each established product class, DOE selects a baseline model as a reference point against which any changes resulting from energy conservation standards can be measured. The baseline model in each product class represents the characteristics of common or typical products in that class. Typically, a baseline model is one that meets the current minimum energy conservation standards. 2. Baseline Efficiency Levels DOE tentatively plans to consider the current minimum energy conservations standards (which went into effect June 1, 2014) to establish the baseline efficiency levels for each product class. Table II.5 presents the current energy conservation standards for room ACs. If DOE amends the room AC test procedure to provide an efficiency metric other than the current CEER, DOE will adjust the CEER baseline levels to account for the new metric. E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 34852 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules TABLE II.5—CURRENT ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS CEER, effective as of June 1, 2014 Product class 1. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less than 6,000 Btu/h ......................................................................................... 2. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h .......................................................................................... 3. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 8,000 to 13,999 Btu/h ........................................................................................ 4. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h ...................................................................................... 5A. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 to 27,999 Btu/h .................................................................................... 5B. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 28,000 Btu/h or more ....................................................................................... 6. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less than 6,000 Btu/h .................................................................................... 7. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h ..................................................................................... 8A. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 8,000 to 10,999 Btu/h ................................................................................. 8B. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h ............................................................................... 9. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h ................................................................................. 10. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 20,000 Btu/h or more .................................................................................. 11. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less than 20,000 Btu/h .......................................................................................... 12. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less than 14,000 Btu/h ..................................................................................... 13. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 Btu/h or more ............................................................................................ 14. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 14,000 Btu/h or more ....................................................................................... 15. Casement-Only .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16. Casement-Slider ............................................................................................................................................................................ Issue E.1 DOE requests comment on approaches that it should consider when determining the baseline efficiency levels for each product class, including information regarding the merits and/or limitations of such approaches. 3. Higher Efficiency Levels For each product class, DOE will define efficiency levels beyond the baseline and develop incremental manufacturing cost data for each efficiency level. To define the efficiency levels, DOE tentatively plans to evaluate potential efficiency improvements from 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.7 9.4 9.0 10.0 10.0 9.6 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.8 9.3 9.3 8.7 9.5 10.4 available design options and consider voluntary certification program levels such as ENERGY STAR and Consortium for Energy Efficiency’s (CEE) Super Efficient Home Appliance Initiative (SEHA). The current ENERGY STAR and CEE voluntary certification levels are presented in Table II.6. TABLE II.6—CURRENT ENERGY STAR AND CEE SEHA LEVELS FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS Oct. 2013 ENERGY STAR (CEER) Product class wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 1. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less than 6,000 Btu/h ..................... 2. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h ...................... 3. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 8,000 to 13,999 Btu/h .................... 4. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h .................. 5a. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 to 27,999 Btu/h ................ 5b. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 28,000 Btu/h or more ................... 6. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less than 6,000 Btu/h ................ 7. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h ................. 8a. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 8,000 to 10,999 Btu/h ............. 8b. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h ........... 9. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h ............. 10. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 20,000 Btu/h or more .............. 11. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less than 20,000 Btu/h ...................... 12. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less than 14,000 Btu/h ................. 13. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 Btu/h or more ........................ 14. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 14,000 Btu/h or more ................... 15. Casement-Only .......................................................................................................... 16. Casement-Slider ........................................................................................................ 11.0 11.0 11.2 11.1 9.8 9.8 10.2 10.2 9.7 9.7 9.7 ** 9.7 10.3 9.7 9.8 9.1 9.9 10.8 Oct. 2013 ENERGY STAR (EER) 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.2 9.8 9.8 10.4 10.4 9.8 9.8 9.8 ** 9.8 10.4 9.8 9.8 9.2 10 10.9 SEHA Tier 1 (EER) * SEHA Tier 2 (EER) * 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.2 † 9.8 † 9.8 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.6 † 10.2 † 10.2 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... * Note that CEE SEHA does not specify tier levels in CEER, and tier levels are only specified for units in classes 1–5b. ** ENERGY STAR requires that units with cooling capacity greater or equal 28,000 Btu/h achieve 9.8 CEER. The aforementioned capacity range is part of product class 10 in the current rule.10 † The CEE SEHA room air conditioner specification defines two capacity ranges that cover the same range as product classes 5a and 5b: 20,000 Btu/h to 24,999 Btu/h or greater than 25,000 Btu/h. These do not match the capacity ranges defined by DOE: 20,000 Btu/h to 27,999 Btu/ h or greater than 28,000 Btu/h.11 10 ENERGY STAR guidelines are available at: www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/ ENERGY%20STAR%20Version %203.1%20Room%20Air VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 %20Conditioner%20Program% 20Requirements.pdf. 11 CEE SEHA room air conditioner guidelines are available at: https://library.cee1.org/sites/default/ files/library/9296/CEE_ResApp_ PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 Issue E.2 DOE seeks input concerning efficiency levels to analyze for room ACs. Specifically, DOE seeks RoomAirConditionerSpecification_2003_Updated_ Again.pdf. E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules information that may guide the definition of efficiency levels, including any additional voluntary certification programs or relevant foreign standards or programs. Issue E.3 DOE seeks input on appropriate maximum technologically feasible efficiency levels and the basis for why those levels should be selected. wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS F. Markups Analysis To carry out the life-cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) calculations, DOE needs to determine the cost to the residential consumer of baseline products that satisfies the currently applicable standards, and the cost of the more-efficient unit the consumer would purchase under potential amended standards. By applying a multiplier called a ‘‘markup’’ to the manufacturer’s selling price, DOE is able to estimate the residential consumer’s price. For the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE based the distribution channels on data from AHAM. For room ACs, the main actors are manufacturers and retailers. Thus, DOE analyzed a manufacturer-to-consumer distribution channel consisting of three parties: (1) The manufacturers producing the products; (2) the retailers purchasing the products from manufacturers and selling them to consumers; and (3) the consumers who purchase the products. DOE plans to use the same approach in the current rulemaking. As was done in the last rulemaking and consistent with the approach followed for other energy consuming products, DOE will determine an average manufacturer markup by examining the annual Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 10–K reports filed by publicly traded manufacturers of appliances whose product range includes room ACs. DOE will determine an average retailer markup by analyzing both economic census data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the annual SEC 10–K reports filed by publicly traded retailers. In addition to developing manufacturer and retailer markups, DOE will develop and include sales taxes to calculate appliance retail prices. DOE will use an Internet source, the Sales Tax Clearinghouse, to calculate applicable sales taxes. Issue F.1 DOE seeks input from stakeholders on whether the distribution channels described above are still relevant for room ACs. DOE also welcomes comments concerning its proposed approach to developing estimates of markups for room ACs. Issue F.2 DOE seeks recent data to establish the markups for the parties VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 involved with the distribution of the product addressed in this notice. G. Energy Use Analysis The purpose of the energy use analysis is to assess the energy savings potential of different product efficiencies. DOE uses the annual energy consumption and energy-savings potential in the LCC and PBP analyses to establish the savings in consumer operating costs at various product efficiency levels. In contrast to the DOE test procedure, which provides a measure of the energy use, energy efficiency or annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use cycle, the energy use analysis seeks to capture the range of operating conditions for room ACs in U.S. homes. To determine the field energy use of products that would meet possible standard levels, DOE proposes to use data from the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA’s) 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), or the most recent such survey available from EIA.12 RECS is a national sample survey of housing units that collects statistical information on the consumption of and expenditures for energy in housing units along with data on energy-related characteristics of the housing units and occupants. For the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE used the data reported by RECS on the annual energy consumption (field energy consumption) for room air conditioning. The reported end-use quantities were not based on metering of individual appliances; rather, EIA used a regression technique to estimate how much of the total annual electricity consumption for each household can be attributed to each end-use category. The reported field energy consumption refers to the consumption of all of the room ACs in a home. RECS also reports the number of room ACs in the home. To estimate the energy consumption of a single room AC for this rulemaking, DOE divided the room AC energy use reported in RECS by the reported number of room ACs. For houses with both central air conditioning and room air conditioning, DOE scaled the energy use by using a relative use factor. Although in reality the utilization of each of the room ACs in a home may vary, the RECS data does not allow DOE to estimate such variation. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE estimated that, based on stakeholder input, 12-percent of room AC shipments were utilized in 12 For information on RECS, see https:// www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/. PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 34853 commercial building applications. The Energy Information Administration’s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 13 does not report annual energy consumption for room air conditioning, so DOE estimated the energy consumption using variables specific to each building in the sample and data on cooling degree-days. For this rulemaking, DOE is considering using the same methodology to estimate energy use in commercial building applications. DOE requests comment or seeks input from stakeholders on the following issues pertaining to the energy use analysis: Issue G.1 DOE requests stakeholder input regarding the impact of changes in CEER on cooling energy savings. Issue G.2 Data sources that DOE can use to characterize the variability in annual energy consumption of room ACs. Issue G.3 DOE requests stakeholder comment on whether a significant enough percentage of residential room ACs are utilized in commercial buildings to warrant considering their use in commercial applications. H. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis The purpose of the LCC and PBP analysis is to analyze the effects of potential amended energy conservation standards on consumers of residential room AC products by determining how a potential amended standard affects the consumers’ operating expenses (usually decreased) and total installed costs (usually increased). DOE intends to analyze data input variability and uncertainty by performing the LCC and PBP calculations on a representative sample of households from RECS and commercial buildings from CBECS for the considered product classes using Monte Carlo simulation and probability distributions. The analysis results are a distribution of results showing the range of LCC savings and PBPs for a given efficiency level relative to the baseline level. Inputs to the LCC and PBP analysis are categorized as: (1) Inputs for establishing the purchase expense, otherwise known as the total installed cost, and (2) inputs for calculating the operating expense. The primary inputs for establishing the total installed cost are the baseline consumer price, standard-level consumer price increases, and installation costs. Baseline consumer prices and standard13 For information on CBECS, see https:// www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/about.cfm. E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 34854 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules level consumer price increases will be determined by applying markups to manufacturer price estimates. The installation cost is added to the consumer price to arrive at a total installed cost. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE derived the installation costs from room AC data in RS Means. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). DOE plans to use similar data sources for this rulemaking, with adjustments to reflect current-day labor and material prices as well as to scale installation cost for higherefficiency products based on equipment weight and/or dimensions. Issue H.1 DOE seeks input on whether room AC installation costs will scale with equipment weight and/or dimensions. The primary inputs for calculating the operating costs are product energy consumption, product efficiency, electricity prices and forecasts, maintenance and repair costs, product lifetime, and discount rates. Repair costs are associated with repairing or replacing components that have failed in the appliance, whereas maintenance costs are associated with maintaining the operation of the equipment. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE assumed a maintenance increase for the higher-capacity units due to more expensive product cost but no maintenance differences with higher efficiency units. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). Issue H.2 DOE seeks stakeholder input on the appropriateness to assume that changes in maintenance costs will be negligible for more-efficient products. Repair costs are costs associated with a major repair during the lifetime of the product. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE determined the costs of major repairs (e.g., compressor replacement) from RS Means and industry literature. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). DOE also assumed that repair costs vary in direct proportion with the product price at higher efficiency levels as replacement costs for more-efficient components are likely to be greater than components in baseline products. Id. Issue H.3 DOE seeks stakeholder comment on the assumption that repair costs vary in direct proportion to product price and unit capacity. DOE measures LCC and PBP impacts of potential standard levels relative to a base case that reflects the market in the absence of amended standards. DOE plans to develop market-share efficiency data (i.e., the distribution of product shipments by efficiency) for the product classes DOE is considering, for the year in which compliance with any amended VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 or new standards would be required. By accounting for consumers who already purchase more efficient products, DOE avoids overstating the potential benefits from potential standards. Issue H.4 DOE seeks stakeholder input and data on the fraction of room ACs that are sold above the minimum energy efficiency standards. DOE also requests information on expected trends in product efficiency over the next 5 years. I. Shipments Analysis DOE uses shipment projections by product class and efficiency level in its analysis of the national impacts of potential standards, as well as in the manufacturer impact analysis. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE developed a shipments model for room ACs driven by historical shipments data, which were used to build up a product stock and calibrate the shipments model. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). Shipments of each product class were projected for two market sectors that use these products: residential and commercial sectors. Issue I.1 DOE seeks stakeholder input and data showing the distribution of shipments by product class, and market sector. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE modeled the decision to repair or replace equipment for existing owners and the impact that decision would have on the shipments model. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). DOE investigated how increases in product purchase price and decreases in product operating costs due to standards impact product shipments. Issue I.2 DOE seeks input and data on factors that influence a consumer’s decisions to repair or replace failed products. In particular, DOE is seeking historical repair cost data as a function of efficiency. J. National Impact Analysis The purpose of the national impact analysis (NIA) is to estimate aggregate impacts of potential efficiency standards at the national level. Impacts reported by DOE include the national energy savings (NES) from potential standards and the national net present value (NPV) of the total consumer benefits. The NIA considers lifetime impacts of potential standards on room ACs shipped in a 30-year period that begins with the expected compliance date for new or amended standards. To develop the NES, DOE calculates annual energy consumption of products in residential and commercial building stock for the base case and each standards case. To develop the national PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 NPV of consumer benefits from potential standards, DOE calculates national annual energy expenditures and annual product expenditures for the base case and the standards cases. DOE calculates total annual energy expenditures using data on annual energy consumption in each case, forecasted average annual energy prices, and shipment projections. The difference each year between operating cost savings and increased product expenditures is the net savings or net costs. A key component of DOE’s estimates of NES and NPV is the product energy efficiency forecasted over time for the base case and for each of the standards cases. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE based projections of basecase shipment-weighted efficiency (SWEF) for the room AC product classes on growth rates determined from historical data provided by AHAM. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). For this rulemaking, DOE plans on considering recent trends in efficiency and input from stakeholders to update product energy efficiency forecasts. Issue J.1 DOE seeks historical SWEF data for room ACs by product class and stakeholder input regarding future trends in efficiency. K. Manufacturer Impact Analysis The purpose of the manufacturer impact analysis (MIA) is to estimate the financial impact of potential energy conservation standards on manufacturers of room ACs and to evaluate the potential impact of such standards on employment and manufacturing capacity. The MIA includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The quantitative part of the MIA primarily relies on the Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM), an industry cash-flow model used to estimate a range of potential impacts on manufacturer profitability. The qualitative part of the MIA addresses a proposed standard’s potential impacts on manufacturing capacity and industry competition, as well as factors such as product characteristics, impacts on particular subgroups of firms, and important market and product trends. As part of the MIA, DOE intends to analyze impacts of potential energy conservation standards on small business manufacturers of covered products. DOE intends to use the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) small business size standards to determine whether manufacturers qualify as small businesses. The size standards are listed by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 / Proposed Rules wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS industry description.14 Manufacturing of room ACs can be classified under either NAICS 333415, ‘‘AirConditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing’’ or NAICS 335228, ‘‘Other Major Household Appliance Manufacturing.’’ The SBA sets a threshold of 750 or 500 employees or less for an entity to be considered as a small business for these categories. These employee threshold would include all employees in a business’s parent company and any other subsidiaries. DOE used publically available information to attempt to identify any small business that manufactures room ACs. DOE cross-referenced the manufacturers listed in DOE’s Compliance Certification Management System (CCMS) with individual company Web sites and market research tools (e.g., Hoovers reports). DOE’s initial research indicates that no small businesses currently manufacture room ACs. Issue K.1 DOE requests comment on any small business manufacturers of room ACs that it should consider in its analysis. III. Submission of Comments DOE invites all interested parties to submit in writing by August 3, 2015, comments and information on matters addressed in this notice and on other matters relevant to DOE’s consideration of new or amended energy conservations standards for room ACs. After the close of the comment period, DOE will begin collecting data, conducting the analyses, and reviewing the public comments, as needed. These actions will be taken to aid in the development of a NOPR for room ACs if DOE decides to amend the standards for such products. DOE considers public participation to be a very important part of the process for developing test procedures and energy conservation standards. DOE actively encourages the participation and interaction of the public during the comment period in each stage of the rulemaking process. Interactions with and between members of the public provide a balanced discussion of the issues and assist DOE in the rulemaking process. Anyone who wishes to be added to the DOE mailing list to receive future notices and information about this rulemaking or would like to request a public meeting should contact Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202) 586–2945, or 14 Available online at: www.sba.gov/sites/default/ files/Size_Standards_Table.pdf. VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:59 Jun 17, 2015 Jkt 235001 via email at Brenda.Edwards@ ee.doe.gov. Issued in Washington, DC, on June 9, 2015. Kathleen B. Hogan, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. [FR Doc. 2015–15001 Filed 6–17–15; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6450–01–P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 71 [Docket No. FAA–2014–1074; Airspace Docket No. 14–ASW–10] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; El Paso, TX Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM). AGENCY: This action proposes to amend Class E airspace at El Paso, TX. The closure of West Texas Airport has made this action necessary for continued safety and management within the National Airspace System. Additionally, the geographic coordinates for El Paso International Airport and Biggs Army Airfield (AAF) would be adjusted. DATES: Comments must be received on or before August 3, 2015. ADDRESSES: Send comments on this proposal to the U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M– 30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590–0001; telephone (202) 366–9826. You must identify the docket number FAA–2014–1074/ Airspace Docket No. 14–ASW–10, at the beginning of your comments. You may also submit comments through the Internet at https://www.regulations.gov. You may review the public docket containing the proposal, any comments received, and any final disposition in person in the Dockets Office between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The Docket Office telephone 1–800– 647–5527 is on the ground floor of the building at the above address. FAA Order 7400.9Y, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points, and subsequent amendments can be viewed online at https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/ publications/. The Order is also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the SUMMARY: PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 34855 availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to https:// www.archives.gov/federal_register/ code_of_federal-regulations/ibr_ locations.html. FAA Order 7400.9, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points, is published yearly and effective on September 15. For further information, you can contact the Airspace Policy and Regulations Group, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591; telephone: 202–267–8783. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rebecca Shelby, Central Service Center, Operations Support Group, Federal Aviation Administration, Southwest Region, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76137; telephone: 817–321– 7740. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Authority for This Rulemaking The FAA’s authority to issue rules regarding aviation safety is found in Title 49 of the United States Code. Subtitle I, Section 106 describes the authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, Aviation Programs, describes in more detail the scope of the agency’s authority. This rulemaking is promulgated under the authority described in Subtitle VII, Part, A, Subpart I, Section 40103. Under that section, the FAA is charged with prescribing regulations to assign the use of airspace necessary to ensure the safety of aircraft and the efficient use of airspace. This regulation is within the scope of that authority as it would amend Class E airspace at West Texas Airport, El Paso, TX. Comments Invited Interested parties are invited to participate in this proposed rulemaking by submitting such written data, views, or arguments, as they may desire. Comments that provide the factual basis supporting the views and suggestions presented are particularly helpful in developing reasoned regulatory decisions on the proposal. Comments are specifically invited on the overall regulatory, aeronautical, economic, environmental, and energy-related aspects of the proposal. Communications should identify both docket numbers and be submitted in triplicate to the address listed above. Commenters wishing the FAA to acknowledge receipt of their comments on this notice must submit with those comments a self-addressed, stamped postcard on which the following statement is made: ‘‘Comments to Docket No. FAA–2014–1074 and E:\FR\FM\18JNP1.SGM 18JNP1

Agencies

[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 117 (Thursday, June 18, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 34843-34855]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-15001]

========================================================================
Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

========================================================================

Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 117 / Thursday, June 18, 2015 /
Proposed Rules

[[Page 34843]]

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Part 430

[Docket Number EERE-2014-BT-STD-0059]

Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for
Room Air Conditioners; Request for Information

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.

ACTION: Request for Information (RFI).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is initiating an effort to
determine whether to amend the current energy conservation standards
for room air conditioners (room ACs). According to the Energy Policy
and Conservation Act's 6-year review requirement, DOE must publish by
April 8, 2017 a notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) to propose new
standards for room ACs or a notice of determination that the existing
standards do not need to be amended. This RFI seeks to solicit
information from the public to help DOE determine whether amended
standards for room ACs would result in a significant amount of
additional energy savings and whether those standards would be
technologically feasible and economically justified. In addition, DOE
has identified several issues associated with the currently applicable
test procedure for room ACs on which DOE is particularly interested in
receiving comment.

DATES: Written comments and information are requested on or before
August 3, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Interested parties are encouraged to submit comments
electronically. However, comments may be submitted by any of the
following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments.
Email: RoomAC2014STD0059@ee.doe.gov. Include docket number
EERE-2014-BT-STD-0059 in the subject line of the message. All comments
should clearly identify the name, address, and, if appropriate,
organization of the commenter. Submit electronic comments in Word
Perfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or ASCII file format, and avoid the use
of special characters or any form on encryption.
Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of
Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE-5B, Request for
Information for Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air
Conditioners, Docket No. EERE-2014-BT-STD-0059, 1000 Independence
Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Please submit one signed paper
original.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department
of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant
Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20024. Please submit one signed paper
original.
Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name
and docket number for this rulemaking. No telefacsimiles (faxes) will
be accepted.
Docket: The docket is available for review at www.regulations.gov,
including Federal Register notices, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials. All documents in the docket are listed in the
www.regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in the
index may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt
from public disclosure. A link to the docket Web page can be found at:
https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EERE-2014-BT-STD-0059. This
Web page contains a link to the docket for this notice on the
www.regulations.gov Web site. The www.regulations.gov Web page contains
simple instructions on how to access all documents, including public
comments, in the docket.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Direct requests for additional
information may be sent to:

Mr. Bryan Berringer, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
202-586-0371. Email: room_air_conditioners@ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Sarah Butler, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-1777. Email: Sarah.Butler@hq.doe.gov.

For information on how to submit or review public comments, contact
Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program,
Mailstop EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Email: Brenda.Edwards@ee.doe.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Introduction
A. Authority and Background
B. Rulemaking Process
II. Request for Information and Comments
A. Products Covered by this Rule
B. Test Procedure
1. Background
2. Updated Energy Efficiency Metric
3. Test Method for Cooling Mode
4. Test Method for Heating Mode
5. Test Method for Part Load Performance
6. Test Methods for Products that Operate on Mutliple Voltages
7. Test Methods for ``Connected Products''
C. Market and Technology Assessment
1. Product Classes
2. Technology Assessment
D. Screening Analysis
1. Weight Limits
2. Chassis size Limits
3. Acoustic Noise
E. Engineering Analysis
1. Baseline Models
2. Baseline Efficiency Levels
3. Higher Efficiency Levels
F. Markups Analysis
G. Energy Use Analysis
H. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis
I. Shipments Analysis
J. National Impact Analysis
K. Manufacturer Impact Analysis
III. Submission of Comments

I. Introduction

A. Authority and Background

[[Page 34844]]

Title III, Part B \1\ of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of
1975 (EPCA or the Act), Public Law 94-163, (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309, as
codified) sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy
efficiency and established the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer
Products Other Than Automobiles, a program covering major household
appliances (collectively referred to as ``covered products''),
including room ACs.\2\ EPCA authorizes DOE to establish technologically
feasible, economically justified energy conservation standards for
covered products that would be likely to result in significant national
energy savings. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)(I)-(VII))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was re-designated Part A.
\2\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015,
Public Law 114-11 (April 30, 2015).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA),
Public Law 100-12, amended EPCA to establish prescriptive standards for
room ACs manufactured on or after January 1, 1990, and directed DOE to
conduct two cycles of rulemakings to determine if more stringent
standards were justified. (42 U.S.C. 6295(c)(1)-(2))
DOE undertook the first cycle of these rulemakings and published a
final rule on September 24, 1997 (hereafter the September 1997 Final
Rule), revising the energy conservation standards for room ACs
manufactured on or after October 1, 2000. 62 FR 50122. For the second
cycle of rulemakings, DOE published a direct final rule on April 21,
2011 (hereafter the April 2011 Direct Final Rule), amending the energy
conservation standards for room ACs manufactured on or after April 21,
2014. 76 FR 22454. DOE published a final rule amending the compliance
dates for energy conservation standards for residential room air
conditioners. 76 FR 52852 (Aug. 24, 2011). In a separate notice, also
on August 24, 2011, DOE confirmed the adoption of these energy
conservation standards in a notice of effective date and compliance
dates for the direct final rule published on August 24, 2011 (76 FR
52854), which also adopted compliance dates which were set forth in a
proposed rule published on May 9, 2011 (76 FR 26656). The current
energy conservation standards apply to room ACs manufactured on or
after June 1, 2014.
EPCA requires that, not later than 6 years after the issuance of a
final rule establishing or amending a standard, DOE publish a NOPR
proposing new standards or a notice of determination that the existing
standards do not need to be amended. (42 U.S.C. 6295(m)(1)) Based on
this provision, DOE must publish by April 8, 2017, either a NOPR
proposing amended standards for room ACs or a notice of determination
that the existing standards do not need to be amended. This notice
represents the initiation of the mandatory review process imposed by
EPCA and seeks input from the public to assist DOE with its
determination on whether amended standards pertaining to room ACs are
warranted. In making this determination, DOE must evaluate whether more
stringent standards would (1) yield a significant savings in energy use
and (2) be both technologically feasible and economically justified.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(3)(B))

B. Rulemaking Process

DOE must follow specific statutory criteria for prescribing new or
amended standards for covered products. EPCA requires that any new or
amended energy conservation standard be designed to achieve the maximum
improvement in energy or water efficiency that is technologically
feasible and economically justified. To determine whether a standard is
economically justified, EPCA requires that DOE determine whether the
benefits of the standard exceed its burdens by considering, to the
greatest extent practicable, the following:
1. The economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and
consumers of the affected products;
2. The savings in operating costs throughout the estimated average
life of the product compared to any increases in the initial cost, or
maintenance expense;
3. The total projected amount of energy and water (if applicable)
savings likely to result directly from the imposition of the standard;
4. Any lessening of the utility or the performance of the products
likely to result from the imposition of the standard;
5. The impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in
writing by the Attorney General, that is likely to result from the
imposition of the standard;
6. The need for national energy and water conservation; and
7. Other factors the Secretary of Energy (Secretary) considers
relevant. (42 U.S.C. 6295 (o)(2)(B)(i))
DOE fulfills these and other applicable requirements by conducting
a series of analyses throughout the rulemaking process. Table I.1 shows
the individual analyses that are performed to satisfy each of the
requirements within EPCA.

Table I.1--EPCA Requirements and Corresponding DOE Analysis
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPCA requirement Corresponding DOE analysis
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technological Feasibility.............. Market and Technology
Assessment.
Screening Analysis.
Engineering Analysis.
Economic Justification:
1. Economic impact on manufacturers Manufacturer Impact
and consumers. Analysis.
Life-Cycle Cost and
Payback Period Analysis.
Life-Cycle Cost
Subgroup Analysis.
Shipments Analysis.
2. Lifetime operating cost savings Markups for Product
compared to increased cost for the Price Determination.
product. Energy and Water Use
Determination.
Life-Cycle Cost and
Payback Period Analysis.
3. Total projected energy savings.. Shipments Analysis.
National Impact
Analysis.
4. Impact on utility or performance Screening Analysis.
Engineering Analysis.
5. Impact of any lessening of Manufacturer Impact
competition. Analysis.
6. Need for national energy and Shipments Analysis.
water conservation. National Impact
Analysis.

[[Page 34845]]

7. Other factors the Secretary Emissions Analysis.
considers relevant. Utility Impact
Analysis.
Employment Impact
Analysis.
Monetization of
Emission Reductions Benefits.
Regulatory Impact
Analysis.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

As detailed throughout this RFI, DOE is specifically publishing
this notice as the first step in the analysis process and is
specifically requesting input and data from interested parties to aid
in the development of the technical analyses.

II. Request for Information and Comments

In the next section, DOE has identified a variety of questions that
DOE would like to receive input on to aid in the development of the
technical and economic analyses regarding whether new standards for
room ACs may be warranted. In addition, DOE welcomes comments on other
issues relevant to the conduct of this rulemaking that may not
specifically be identified in this notice.

A. Products Covered by This Rulemaking

DOE defines ``room air conditioner'' under EPCA as ``a consumer
product, other than a ``packaged terminal air conditioner,'' which is
powered by a single phase electric current and which is an encased
assembly designed as a unit for mounting in a window or through the
wall for the purpose of providing delivery of conditioned air to an
enclosed space. It includes a prime source of refrigeration and may
include a means for ventilating and heating. (10 CFR 430.2) DOE intends
to address energy conservation standards for all room ACs.
DOE notes that other consumer products, including portable ACs and
residential dehumidifiers, are self-encased, powered by a single phase
electric current, refrigeration-based, and provide delivery of
conditioned air to an enclosed space. Portable ACs also provide
connection through ducting to a window mounting bracket. DOE believes,
however, that the requirement in the room AC definition that the
encased assembly be designed as a unit for mounting in a window refers
to the product in its entirety, and not just to duct connections. For
this reason, DOE is not proposing to update the definition of ``room
air conditioner'' to exclude other consumer products.
DOE is aware that room ACs may provide additional consumer-oriented
functions besides cooling, heating, and ventilation. Certain units may
offer an air circulation feature, in which the room air is circulated
without the addition of any outside air. In addition, certain units may
provide an air cleaning function by means of electrostatic filtration,
ultraviolet radiation, or ozone generators. DOE requests feedback from
interested parties on the suitability of adding references to air
circulation, air cleaning, or other functions to the room air
conditioner definition.
Issue A.1 DOE requests comment on the definition of room ACs and
the consideration of energy conservation standards for all room ACs.

B. Test Procedure

1. Background
Prior to June 1, 2014, room AC performance was certified using the
energy efficiency ratio (EER). EER is expressed in British thermal
units (Btu) per watt-hour (Wh), and is the quotient of: (1) The cooling
capacity in Btu per hour, divided by: (2) The electrical input power in
watts (W). (10 CFR 430.23(f)(2))
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007),
Public Law 110-140, amended EPCA to require that standby mode and off
mode energy consumption be integrated into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy descriptor unless the
Secretary determines that (i) the current test procedures for a covered
product already fully account for and incorporate standby mode and off
mode energy consumption of the covered product; or (ii) such an
integrated test procedure is technically infeasible for a particular
covered product, in which case the Secretary shall prescribe a separate
standby mode and off mode energy use test procedure for the covered
product, if technically feasible. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
On January 6, 2011, DOE published in the Federal Register a final
rule for a room air AC test procedure rulemaking (January 2011 RAC TP
Final Rule), in which DOE determined it is technically feasible to
incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption into overall
energy consumption. As a result, DOE adopted new methods to calculate
room AC standby and off mode energy use and the new measure of energy
efficiency, Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio (CEER), that integrates
standby and off mode energy use with the active mode energy use. 76 FR
972, 991-992 (Jan. 6, 2011)
In the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule, DOE incorporated by
reference into the room AC test procedures specific clauses from
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 62301,
``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power'',
First Edition, 2005-06 (IEC Standard 62301 First Edition) regarding
test conditions and test procedures for measuring standby and off mode
power consumption. DOE also incorporated definitions of ``active
mode,'' ``standby mode,'' and ``off mode'' that are based on the
definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301, ``Household electrical
appliances--Measurement of standby power'', Second Edition, Committee
Draft for Vote (IEC Standard 62301 CDV). Further, DOE adopted language
to clarify the application of clauses from IEC Standard 62301 First
Edition and the mode definitions from IEC Standard 62301 CDV for
measuring standby and off mode power consumption. 76 FR 972, 979-987
(Jan. 6, 2011). Also as part of the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule, DOE
amended the room AC test procedure to update the references to industry
test standards to the versions applicable at that time: (1) American
National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers (AHAM) RAC-1-2008, ``Room Air Conditioners'' (ANSI/AHAM
RAC-1-2008); \3\ and (2) ANSI/American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard (ASHRAE) 16-1983
(RA2009), ``Method of Testing for Rating Room Air Conditioners and
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners'' (ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16-1983
(RA2009)),\4\

[[Page 34846]]

respectively. 76 FR 972, 1016-1017 (Jan. 6, 2011).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\3\ AHAM standards are available for purchase online at:
www.aham.org/ht/d/Store/name/STANDARDS/pid/5132.
\4\ ASHRAE standards are available for purchase online at:
www.techstreet.com/ashrae/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Updated Energy Efficiency Metric
On February 25, 2015, DOE published a test procedure NOPR for
portable ACs that proposes the use of a revised CEER metric that
accounts for energy consumption in each of the identified active,
standby, and off modes: Cooling mode, heating mode, off-cycle mode,
inactive mode, and off mode (hereafter referred to as the February 2015
PAC TP NOPR). 80 FR 10212. As discussed in section II.A of this notice,
DOE is requesting input on including definitions for different
operating modes in the definitions for room ACs. If such additional
modes are included, DOE would also consider whether to revise the
current room AC CEER metric to account for the energy use in them. In
particular, DOE is interested in feedback on whether to consider
including in the room AC CEER metric the same modes proposed for the
portable AC metric, because of the similarity between the two products.
As a possible approach, DOE could consider the proposal in the
February 2015 PAC TP NOPR, in which average power in each mode would be
measured and then individually multiplied by the annual operating hours
for its respective mode.

AECi = Pi x hi x k

Where:

AECi is the annual energy consumption in each mode, in
kilowatt-hours (kWh)/year;
Pi is the average power in each mode, in W;
hi is the number of annual operating hours in each mode;
i designates the operating mode (``c'' cooling, ``h'' heating,
``oc'' off-cycle, and ``ia'' inactive or ``om'' off mode); and
k is 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for Wh to kWh.

80 FR 10211, 10234 (Feb. 25, 2015).

In order to calculate AECi, DOE would need to define the
annual operating hours for each mode. The current room AC test
procedure specifies 750 hours for active cooling mode, and a total of
5,115 hours for inactive and off mode. (10 CFR part 430 appendix F to
subpart B). DOE established these values in the January 2011 RAC TP
Final Rule. DOE seeks input on mode hours for the complete set of
operating modes that may be defined for room ACs.
To incorporate the new operating modes into a revised CEER metric,
the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR proposed defining the new term;
``combined cooling mode EER'' (CEERC).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18JN15.000

Where:

CEERC is the combined energy efficiency ratio in cooling
mode, in Btu/Wh.
ACC is the adjusted cooling capacity, in Btu/h.
AECT is the total annual energy consumption attributed to
all modes except cooling and heating, in kWh/year.
t is the number of hours per year, 8,760.
k is 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-
hours.

80 FR 10211, 10234 (Feb. 25, 2015).

The CEERC would be calculated for all units, including
those with only cooling function and those with both cooling and
heating functions. For units with cooling and heating functions, the
metric would be calculated assuming heating mode is not used and
therefore, the operating hours that would have been attributed to
heating mode and other associated operating modes during the heating
season would be neglected. In the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR, DOE
proposed that the resulting CEERC is a meaningful metric for
portable ACs without a heating function, and a basis for comparing
cooling mode efficiency for units that include heating function, as
well as a metric that could be compared to other cooling products, such
as room ACs. Id.
To calculate the overall energy efficiency metric for portable ACs
without a heating function, the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR proposed that
the revised CEER would be directly equal to the unit's calculated
CEERC. However, for units with both cooling and heating
mode, the revised overall CEER would be calculated as follows.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18JN15.001

Where:

CEER is the combined energy efficiency ratio, in Btu/Wh.
ACC is the adjusted cooling capacity, in Btu/h.
AHC is the adjusted heating capacity, in Btu/h.
AECT is the total annual energy consumption attributed to
all modes except cooling and heating, in kWh/year.
hc and hh are the cooling and heating mode
operating hours, respectively.
t is the number of hours per year, 8,760.
k is 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-
hours.

80 FR 10211, 10234-35 (Feb. 25, 2015).

Issue B.1 DOE seeks comment on the merits and/or limitations of
revising the room AC test procedure and efficiency metric to account
for energy consumption in various modes, which may include cooling
mode, heating mode, off-cycle mode, inactive mode, off mode, or others.
Issue B.2 DOE requests data on annual operating hours for the room
AC operating modes.
Issue B.3 DOE seeks comment on revising the room AC test procedure
to require calculation of CEERC for all units, including
those with only cooling function, and those with both cooling and
heating functions.
Issue B.4 DOE seeks comment on revising the definition of CEER for
room ACs to be consistent with definitions proposed in the February
2015 PAC TP NOPR.
3. Test Methods for Cooling Mode
The current room AC test procedure specifies that cooling mode
performance be tested in accordance with the methods and conditions in
ANSI/AHAM RAC-1-2008 and ANSI/ASHRAE 16-1983 (RA2009). (10 CFR part
430, appendix F to subpart B)

[[Page 34847]]

ANSI/ASHRAE reaffirmed the test standard 16-1983 most recently in 2014.
ANSI/ASHRAE 16-1983 (R2014) specifies measuring cooling performance
using a calorimeter method. DOE is aware, however, that ASHRAE is
currently undertaking a revision to ANSI/ASHRAE 16-1983 (R2014) that is
expected to allow cooling performance to be measured using an air
enthalpy method similar to that specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009
``Methods of Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-
Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment'' (ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009).
Issue B.5 DOE seeks comment on the possible use of an air enthalpy
method as an alternative to the current calorimeter method to measure
cooling performance in the room AC test procedure.
Issue B.6 DOE requests test data comparing the performance and
accuracy of the current calorimeter method to the air enthalpy method
being considered in a revision to ANSI/ASHRAE 16-1983 (R2014).
Issue B.7 DOE requests information on the burdens associated with
testing cooling performance using an air enthalpy method. Specifically
DOE is interested in data related to the required capital investment
costs, per-test costs, and testing time associated with air enthalpy
testing. DOE is also interested in how these costs compare to those for
the existing calorimeter method, and whether the burden for air
enthalpy testing would disproportionately impact certain businesses.
4. Test Methods for Heating Mode
If DOE revises the room AC test procedure to require calculation of
CEERh for models with reverse cycle, DOE would need to
define a method for measuring heating performance. DOE is currently
evaluating test methods that have been developed (or are proposed) for
other residential or light commercial space cooling/heating appliances,
such as portable ACs, packaged terminal ACs (PTACs), and packaged
terminal heat pumps (PTHPs).
In the February 2015 PAC TP NOPR DOE proposed using an air enthalpy
method to measure portable AC heating performance. The proposed method
is based on AHAM PAC-1-2014 ``Portable Air Conditioners'' (AHAM PAC-1),
which references test methods established in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-
2009. 80 FR 10211, 10217-10231 (Feb. 25, 2015). For this method, DOE
proposed standard rating conditions for the evaporator (room) side and
condenser (outdoor) side of dual-duct portable ACs as shown in Table
II.1. DOE considers the test conditions in Table II.1 to be the most
representative of typical heating mode use for portable ACs, which are
likely used as supplemental or low-capacity heaters when a central
heating system isn't necessary or operating. DOE notes that the terms
``evaporator'' and ``condenser'' refer to the heat exchanger
configuration in cooling mode, not the reverse-cycle heating mode.

Table II.1--Standard Rating Conditions for Dual Duct PACs--Heating Mode
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaporator inlet air degrees Condenser inlet air [deg]F
Fahrenheit ([deg]F) ([deg]Celsius ([deg]C)
(C)) -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------
Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Wet Bulb
------------------------------------------------------------------------
70.0 (21.1) 60.0 (15.6) 47.0 (8.33) 43.0 (6.11)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the current PTAC and PTHP test procedure (10 CFR 431.96), DOE
also uses an air enthalpy method to measure heating mode performance.
For this test procedure, DOE incorporates by reference in total the
American Refrigeration Institute (ARI) Standard 310/380-2004 ``Standard
for Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners And Heat Pumps'' (ARI 310/380-
2004).\5\ ARI 310/380-2004 in turn references ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 58-
1999 ``Methods of Testing Rating Room Air Conditioner and Packaged
Terminal Air Conditioner Heating Capacity'' (ANSI/ASHRAE 58-1999) to
rate the heating performance of both PTACs and PTHPs. AHR 310/380-2004
specifically notes that ``standard ratings relating to cooling capacity
and heating capacity shall be net values, including the effects of
circulating fan heat, but not including supplementary heat. Standard
input ratings shall be the total power input to the compressor(s) and
fans, plus controls and other items included as part of the model
number(s).'' AHR 310/380-2004 provides methods to calculate heat pump
heating capacities and energy consumption at both ``high-temperature''
and ``low-temperature'' operating conditions, but specifies that EER
and coefficient of performance (COP) are only calculated for the high-
temperature condition. Table II.2 summarizes the rating conditions for
high- and low-temperature conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\5\ ARI 310/380-2004 is available online at: www.ari.org/App_Content/ahri/files/standards%20pdfs/ANSI%20standards%20pdfs/ANSI.AHRI.CSA%20Standard%20310_380-2004.pdf.

Table II.2--Standard Rating Conditions for PTHPs and PTACs With Reverse Cycle Capability--Heating Mode
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaporator inlet air [deg]F ([deg]C) Condenser inlet air [deg]F
------------------------------------------ ([deg]C)
Operating condition -------------------------------
Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Wet Bulb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-Temperature...................... 70.0 (21.1) 60.0 (15.6) max......... 47.0 (8.3) 43.0 (6.1)
Low-Temperature....................... 70.0 (21.1) 60.0 (15.6) max......... 17.0 (-8.3) 15.0 (-9.4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue B.8 DOE seeks comment on appropriate test methods, external
standards, and operating conditions for measuring heating performance
in room ACs with reverse cycle. Specifically, DOE seeks comment on the
high-temperature operating conditions specified in Table II.2. DOE also

[[Page 34848]]

welcomes suggestions and supporting data for alternative methods.
Issue B.9 DOE requests information on the burdens associated with
testing heating performance, using methods similar to ANSI/ASHRAE 58-
1999 or ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009, or other methods. Specifically DOE is
interested in data related to the required capital investment costs,
per-test costs, and testing time associate with sound testing. DOE also
requests comment on whether this burden would disproportionately impact
certain businesses.
5. Test Methods for Part Load Performance
In the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule, DOE discussed that the test
procedure established in that rule does not measure the benefits of
technologies that improve part-load performance. 76 FR 972, 1016 (Jan.
6, 2011). The current room AC test procedure measures only the full-
load performance at outdoor ambient conditions of 95 [deg]F dry-bulb
and 75 [deg]F wet-bulb. Therefore, technologies that improve part-load
performance, such as multiple-speed compressors and variable-opening
expansion devices, will not improve the rated performance of a room AC
under the current test procedure. In contrast, central ACs and heat
pumps are rated with a seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER)
descriptor, but the test procedure consists of multiple rating points
at different conditions that add time and expense when rating the
product.
DOE concluded in the January 2011 RAC TP Final Rule that widespread
use of part-load technology in room ACs would not likely be stimulated
by the development of a part-load metric at this time, and therefore,
the significant effort required to develop an accurate part-load metric
is not likely to be warranted by the expected minimal energy savings.
76 FR 972, 1016 (Jan. 6, 2011.
For the current test procedure rulemaking, DOE again intends to
investigate the merits and limitations of revising the current room AC
test procedure to account for any benefits of technologies that improve
part-load performance. As part of this investigation, DOE expects to
research the availability of room ACs on the market in the United
States that incorporate variable speed compressors and other components
and controls that would enable implementation of part-load operation.
Issue B.10 DOE seeks comment on the merits and/or limitations of
revising the current room AC test procedure to account for benefit of
technologies that improve part-load performance, and welcomes
suggestions and supporting information for test methods that measure
part-load operation.
Issue B.11 DOE seeks data and information on the prevalence of room
ACs in the U.S. market that are capable of part-load operation.
6. Test Methods for Products That Operate on Multiple Voltages
DOE is aware that there are room ACs available in the United States
that can operate on multiple voltages for the input power. These
products may have a different capacity measured at each operating
voltage. As a result, a single product may be categorized into two
different product classes and therefore be required to comply with two
different energy conservation standards, depending on which voltage is
used to test the product. Currently, the room AC test procedure does
not specify which voltage a product should be tested at, if it is
capable of operating with multiple voltages.
Issue B.12 DOE seeks comment on how to test and certify products
that may operate on multiple voltages. Specifically, DOE is interested
in comment on how to treat products that may be categorized into two
different product classes, depending on operating voltage.
7. Test Methods for ``Connected Products''
On February 20, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) published the Final Version 4.0 ``ENERGY STAR Product
Specification for Room Air Conditioners.'' \6\ Along with revised
efficiency criteria, EPA specified an optional connected criteria for
room ACs designed to provide enhanced functionality to consumers, such
as alerts/messages, remote control, and energy information, as well as
new demand response capabilities to support future smart grid
interconnection. Products that meet these optional criteria and are
certified using a future test method to validate the demand response
capabilities could take advantage of a 5-percent energy use allowance
for ENERGY STAR rating qualification.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\6\ Available online at www.energystar.gov/products/spec/room_air_conditioner_specification_version_4_0_pd.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE anticipates that the revised ENERGY STAR specification may
increase the market penetration of ``connected products.'' It is
possible that connected products may consume a significant amount of
energy while performing these connected functions. As such, DOE is
considering whether to amend the room AC test procedure and energy
conservation standards to account for the energy consumed while the
product performs connected functions.
Issue B.13 DOE requests information on ``connected'' room ACs that
are already on the market in the United States. Specifically, DOE is
interested in the available ``connected'' features, as well as the
energy consumption while these features are active or awaiting
commands.
Issue B.14 DOE request information on the current and anticipated
market penetration of ``connected products.''

C. Market and Technology Assessment

The market and technology assessment provides information about the
room AC industry that will be used throughout the rulemaking process.
For example, this information will be used to determine whether the
existing product class structure requires modification based on the
statutory criteria for setting such classes and to explore the
potential for technological improvements in the design and
manufacturing of such products. DOE uses qualitative and quantitative
information to characterize the structure of the room AC industry and
market. DOE will identify and characterize the manufacturers of room
ACs, estimate market shares and trends, address regulatory and non-
regulatory initiatives intended to improve energy efficiency or reduce
energy consumption, and explore the potential for technological
improvements in the design and manufacturing of room ACs. DOE will also
review product literature, industry publications, and company Web
sites. Additionally, DOE will consider conducting interviews with
manufacturers to assess the overall market for room ACs.
1. Product Classes
As required by EPCA, the criteria for separation into different
classes are: (1) Type of energy used, or (2) capacity or other
performance-related features such as those that provide utility to the
consumer or others deemed appropriate by the Secretary that would
justify the establishment of a separate energy conservation standard.
(42 U.S.C. 6295 (q))
For room ACs, the NAECA amendments to EPCA, initially specified 12
product classes which were applicable to units designed for single-hung
or double-hung window installation or through-thewall installation and
based on the following

[[Page 34849]]

criteria: (1) cooling capacity, in Btu/h; (2) the presence of louvered
sides (LS); and (3) the capability of reverse cycle. (42 U.S.C.
6295(c)(1)). In the September 1997 Final Rule, DOE established an
updated set of performance standards (effective October 1, 2000) which
included four additional product classes. 62 FR 50122 (Sept. 24, 1997).
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE split Product Classes 5 and 8
into two product classes each. Former Product Class 5 (louvered, non-
reverse-cycle, capacity of 20,000 Btu/h and higher) was split into
Product Class 5A (louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 20,000 to
27,999 Btu/h) and Product Class 5B (louvered, non-reverse-cycle,
capacity of 28,000 Btu/h and higher). Former Product Class 8 (non-
louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity of 8,000 to 13,999 Btu/h) was
split into Product Class 8A (non-louvered, non-reverse-cycle, capacity
of 8,000 to 10,999 Btu/h) and Product Class 8B (nonlouvered, non-
reverse-cycle, capacity of 11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h). 76 FR 22454 (Apr.
21, 2011). Table II.3 lists the current 18 product classes for room
ACs.

Table II.3--Current Room Air Conditioner Product Classes
------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Without reverse cycle and with louvered sides
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Less than 6,000 Btu/h.
2. 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h.
3. 8,000 to 13,999 Btu/h.
4. 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h.
5A. 20,000 to 27,999 Btu/h.
5B. 28,000 Btu/h or more.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Without reverse cycle and without louvered sides
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Less than 6,000 Btu/h.
7. 6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h.
8A. 8,000 to 10,999 Btu/h.
8B. 11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h.
9. 14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h.
10. 20,000 Btu/h or more
------------------------------------------------------------------------
With reverse cycle
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. With louvered sides and less than 20,000 Btu/h.
12. Without louvered sides and less than 14,000 Btu/h.
13. With louvered sides and 20,000 Btu/h or more.
14. Without louvered sides and 14,000 Btu/h or more.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Casement
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Casement-Only.
16. Casement-Slide.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue C.1 DOE requests feedback on the current room AC product
classes and seeks information regarding any other product classes it
should consider for inclusion in its analysis.
2. Technology Assessment
DOE uses information about existing and past technology options and
prototype designs to help identify technologies that manufacturers
could use to meet and/or exceed energy conservation standards. In
consultation with interested parties, DOE intends to develop a list of
technologies to consider in its analysis. Initially, this list will
include a subset of the technology options considered during the most
recent room AC energy conservation standards rulemaking. These
technologies are listed in Table II.4.
DOE is aware that certain technologies listed in Table II.4 may
have progressed since the April 2011 Direct Final Rule. Specifically,
at the time of that analysis, the room AC industry was responding to
the EPA-mandated phase-out of HFC-22 refrigerant. 74 FR 66412, 66418
(Dec. 15, 2009). This rule led to an industry changeover to R-410A
refrigerant. Manufacturers expressed concern at the time over the
availability of R-410A compressors, stating that production capacity of
compressor suppliers had not fully rebounded and compressor suppliers
had yet to offer the same range of compressor capacities and efficiency
tiers (See chapter 12 of the direct final rule technical support
document (TSD).). Consequently, DOE plans to investigate improvements
in R-410A compressors that may have come available since the April 2011
Direct Final Rule.
Additionally, in the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE investigated
the technological feasibility of the alternative refrigerant R-407C. 76
FR 22490 (April 21, 2011). For this rulemaking, DOE may reevaluate R-
407C, as well as other hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrocarbon (HC)
refrigerants.
Furthermore, DOE is aware that three new refrigerants have been
approved for use in room air conditioners by the EPA under the
Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP), subject to certain use
conditions: R-290, R-441A and R-32.80 FR 19454 (Apr. 10, 2015). For
this rulemaking, DOE plans to investigate the technological feasibility
of these refrigerants.

Table II.4--Technology Options for Room Air Conditioners
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technology passed to
screening analysis in April
2011 direct final rule?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Increased heat transfer surface area
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Increased frontal coil area............. Yes.
2. Increased depth of coil (add tube rows). Yes.
3. Increased fin density................... Yes.
4. Add subcooler to condenser coil......... Yes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Increased Heat Transfer Coefficients
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Improved fin design..................... Yes.
6. Improved tube design.................... Yes.
7. Hydrophilic-film coating on fins........ Yes.

[[Page 34850]]

8. Spray condensate onto condenser coil.... Yes.
9. Microchannel heat exchangers............ Yes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Component Improvements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Improved indoor blower and outdoor fan Yes.
efficiency.
11. Improved blower/fan motor efficiency... Yes.
12. Improved compressor efficiency......... Yes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part-Load Technology Improvements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Two-speed, variable-speed, or Yes.
modulating-capacity compressors.
14. Thermostatic or electronic expansion Yes.
valves.
15. Thermostatic cyclic controls........... Yes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standby Power Improvements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Switching Power Supply................. Yes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Refrigeration System Options
------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. Alternative Refrigerants (R-407C)...... No.
18. Suction-Line Heat Exchanger............ No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue C.2 DOE seeks information related to the technologies listed
in Table II.4 or other technologies as to their applicability to the
current market and how these technologies improve efficiency of room
ACs as measured according to the DOE test procedure.
Issue C.3 DOE seeks information related to efficiency improvements
in R-410A compressors since the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, their
applicability and/or penetration in the current market, and how the
compressors improve efficiency of room ACs as measured according to the
DOE test procedure.
Issue C.4 DOE seeks information related to the alternative HFC and
HC refrigerants, including propane. Specifically, DOE seeks information
on the availability of such refrigerants, and, their applicability and/
or penetration in the current market, and how these refrigerants
improve efficiency of room ACs as measured according to the DOE test
procedure.

D. Screening Analysis

The purpose of the screening analysis is to evaluate the
technologies that improve equipment efficiency to determine which
technologies will be eliminated from further consideration and which
will be passed to the engineering analysis for further consideration.
Appendix A to subpart C of Title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 430 (10 CFR part 430), ``Procedures, Interpretations
and Policies for Consideration of New or Revised Energy Conservation
Standards for Consumer Products'' (the Process Rule), sets forth
procedures to guide DOE in its consideration and promulgation of new or
revised equipment energy conservation standards. These procedures
elaborate on the statutory criteria provided in 42 U.S.C. 6295(o) and,
in part, eliminate problematic technologies early in the process of
prescribing or amending an energy efficiency standard. In particular,
sections 4(b)(4) and 5(b) of the Process Rule guide DOE in determining
whether to eliminate from consideration any technology that presents
unacceptable problems with respect to the following criteria:
(1) Technological feasibility. Technologies incorporated in
commercial equipment or in working prototypes will be considered
technologically feasible.
(2) Practicability to manufacture, install, and service. If mass
production of a technology in commercial equipment and reliable
installation and servicing of the technology could be achieved on the
scale necessary to serve the relevant market at the time of the
effective date of the standard, then that technology will be considered
practicable to manufacture, install, and service.
(3) Impacts on equipment utility or equipment availability. If a
technology is determined to have significant adverse impact on the
utility of the equipment to significant subgroups of consumers, or
result in the unavailability of any covered equipment type with
performance characteristics (including reliability), features, sizes,
capacities, and volumes that are substantially the same as equipment
generally available in the United States at the time, it will not be
considered further.
(4) Adverse impacts on health or safety. If it is determined that a
technology will have significant adverse impacts on health or safety,
it will not be considered further.
Technology options developed in the technology assessment are
evaluated against these criteria using DOE analyses and inputs from
manufacturers, trade organizations, and energy efficiency advocates.
Technologies that pass through the screening analysis are referred to
as ``design options'' in the engineering analysis. Technology options
that fail to meet one or more of the four criteria are eliminated from
consideration.
As a part of the screening analysis, DOE has identified three
specific

[[Page 34851]]

consumer-oriented issues that it seeks input on. These issues are
weight limits, chassis size limits, and acoustic noise. The following
three subsections provide further details on these issues.
1. Weight Limits
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule analysis DOE limited the total
weight of the Product Class 1 (as defined in Table II.3) baseline unit
to 50 pounds, to avoid exceeding Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) guidelines for single-person lifting.\7\ DOE did not
consider limiting the weight of the other analyzed product classes
because baseline units in those product classes already exceeded this
weight limit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\7\ NIOSH guideline: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-131/.
OSHA guideline: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electricalcontractors/materials/heavy.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue D.1 DOE seeks input on the merits and/or limitations of
maintaining a 50-pound limit for room ACs in Product Class 1. DOE also
welcomes suggestions and supporting analysis for alternative weight
limits.
Issue D.2 DOE seeks input on whether to consider weight limits for
product classes other than Product Class 1 in the room AC analysis. DOE
also welcomes suggestions and data for additional product class-
specific weight limits.
2. Chassis Size Limits
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule analysis, DOE used a
methodology that established maximum chassis widths and heights for
each product class, when considering a baseline unit. DOE established
these limits based on the dimensions of the largest R-410A room AC in
each product class on the market. DOE did not set a limit for maximum
chassis depth in that analysis.
Issue D.3 DOE seeks input on potentially establishing chassis size
limits as part of a design option analysis. DOE also welcomes
suggestions and supporting analysis for alternative chassis size
limits.
Issue D.4 DOE seeks input on any factors that may help define
chassis dimension limits beyond the dimensions of room ACs currently on
the market in the United States. Specifically DOE welcomes data on the
distribution of window widths and heights in U.S. residences.
3. Acoustic Noise
DOE understands that increased noise levels might occur as room ACs
attain higher levels of efficiency. Certain technology options, such as
higher speed fans, can facilitate increased heat transfer and improved
efficiency, but may result in increased acoustic noise. As a part of
the screening analysis, DOE intends to investigate this relationship,
specifically as it relates to impacts on consumer utility. As such DOE
seeks input on test methods appropriate to objectively evaluate
acoustic noise in room ACs.
DOE is aware that the European Union (EU), through its EcoDesign
regulations, recently instituted maximum sound power levels for room
ACs assessed under EN 12102:2013 ``Air Conditioners, liquid chilling
packages, heat pumps and dehumidifiers with electrically driven
compressors for space heating and cooling--Measurement of airborne
noise--Determination of sound power levels'' (EN 12102:2013). Under the
new EU regulation, room ACs may not exceed indoor sound power levels of
60 decibels (dB)(A) and outdoor sound power levels of 60dB(A).
Similarly, the October 28, 2014 EPA Draft 1 of Version 4.0 ``ENERGY
STAR Product Specification for Room Air Conditioners'' \8\ proposed
that measured indoor sound power level shall not exceed 60dB(A), as
measured using EN 12102:2013. In response to stakeholder comment, the
EPA chose to remove the sound performance criteria in its February 20,
2015 Final Version 4.0 of ``ENERGY STAR Product Specification for Room
Air Conditioners.'' \9\ Stakeholders identified the lack of
availability of test chambers and the burden of both building capacity
for testing and sound power testing as one barrier to the inclusion of
sound performance in an ENERGY STAR specification.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\8\ Available online at www.energystar.gov/products/spec/room_air_conditioner_specification_version_4_0_pdf.
\9\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue D.5 DOE requests suggestions for test methods that are
appropriate to objectively evaluate acoustic noise in room ACs.
Issue D.6 DOE requests information on the relationship between
acoustic noise, in dB(A), or other appropriate units, and consumer
satisfaction.
Issue D.7 DOE requests feedback and data on how the design options
presented in section II.C impact room AC acoustic noise.

E. Engineering Analysis

The engineering analysis estimates the cost-efficiency relationship
of products at different levels of increased energy efficiency
(``efficiency levels''). This relationship serves as the basis for the
cost-benefit calculations for consumers, manufacturers, and the nation.
In determining the cost-efficiency relationship, DOE estimates the
change in manufacturer cost associated with increasing the efficiency
of products above the baseline, up to the maximum technologically
feasible (``max-tech'') efficiency level for each product class.
DOE historically has used the following three methodologies to
generate incremental manufacturing costs and establish efficiency
levels (ELs) for analysis: (1) The design-option approach, which
provides the incremental costs of adding to a baseline model design
options that will improve its efficiency; (2) the efficiency-level
approach, which provides the relative costs of achieving increases in
energy efficiency levels, without regard to the particular design
options used to achieve such increases; and (3) the cost-assessment (or
reverse engineering) approach, which provides ``bottom-up''
manufacturing cost assessments for achieving various levels of
increased efficiency, based on detailed data as to costs for parts and
material, labor, shipping/packaging, and investment for models that
operate at particular efficiency levels.
1. Baseline Models
For each established product class, DOE selects a baseline model as
a reference point against which any changes resulting from energy
conservation standards can be measured. The baseline model in each
product class represents the characteristics of common or typical
products in that class. Typically, a baseline model is one that meets
the current minimum energy conservation standards.
2. Baseline Efficiency Levels
DOE tentatively plans to consider the current minimum energy
conservations standards (which went into effect June 1, 2014) to
establish the baseline efficiency levels for each product class. Table
II.5 presents the current energy conservation standards for room ACs.
If DOE amends the room AC test procedure to provide an efficiency
metric other than the current CEER, DOE will adjust the CEER baseline
levels to account for the new metric.

[[Page 34852]]

Table II.5--Current Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air
Conditioners
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEER,
effective as
Product class of June 1,
2014
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less 11.0
than 6,000 Btu/h.......................................
2. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 6,000 11.0
to 7,999 Btu/h.........................................
3. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 8,000 10.9
to 13,999 Btu/h........................................
4. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 10.7
14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h.................................
5A. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 9.4
20,000 to 27,999 Btu/h.................................
5B. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 9.0
28,000 Btu/h or more...................................
6. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 10.0
less than 6,000 Btu/h..................................
7. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 10.0
6,000 to 7,999 Btu/h...................................
8A. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 9.6
8,000 to 10,999 Btu/h..................................
8B. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 9.5
11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h.................................
9. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 9.3
14,000 to 19,999 Btu/h.................................
10. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 9.4
20,000 Btu/h or more...................................
11. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less 9.8
than 20,000 Btu/h......................................
12. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less 9.3
than 14,000 Btu/h......................................
13. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 9.3
Btu/h or more..........................................
14. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 8.7
14,000 Btu/h or more...................................
15. Casement-Only....................................... 9.5
16. Casement-Slider..................................... 10.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue E.1 DOE requests comment on approaches that it should
consider when determining the baseline efficiency levels for each
product class, including information regarding the merits and/or
limitations of such approaches.
3. Higher Efficiency Levels
For each product class, DOE will define efficiency levels beyond
the baseline and develop incremental manufacturing cost data for each
efficiency level. To define the efficiency levels, DOE tentatively
plans to evaluate potential efficiency improvements from available
design options and consider voluntary certification program levels such
as ENERGY STAR and Consortium for Energy Efficiency's (CEE) Super
Efficient Home Appliance Initiative (SEHA). The current ENERGY STAR and
CEE voluntary certification levels are presented in Table II.6.

Table II.6--Current ENERGY STAR and CEE SEHA Levels for Room Air Conditioners
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oct. 2013
ENERGY Oct. 2013 SEHA Tier SEHA Tier
Product class STAR ENERGY 1 (EER) * 2 (EER) *
(CEER) STAR (EER)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less than 11.0 11.2 11.2 11.6
6,000 Btu/h................................................
2. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 6,000 to 11.0 11.2 11.2 11.6
7,999 Btu/h................................................
3. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 8,000 to 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.8
13,999 Btu/h...............................................
4. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 14,000 to 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.6
19,999 Btu/h...............................................
5a. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 9.8 9.8 [dagger] [dagger]
to 27,999 Btu/h............................................ 9.8 10.2
5b. Without reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 28,000 9.8 9.8 [dagger] [dagger]
Btu/h or more.............................................. 9.8 10.2
6. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less 10.2 10.4 ........... ...........
than 6,000 Btu/h...........................................
7. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 6,000 10.2 10.4 ........... ...........
to 7,999 Btu/h.............................................
8a. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 8,000 9.7 9.8 ........... ...........
to 10,999 Btu/h............................................
8b. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 9.7 9.8 ........... ...........
11,000 to 13,999 Btu/h.....................................
9. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 14,000 9.7 9.8 ........... ...........
to 19,999 Btu/h............................................
10. Without reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and ** 9.7 ** 9.8 ........... ...........
20,000 Btu/h or more.......................................
11. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and less than 10.3 10.4 ........... ...........
20,000 Btu/h...............................................
12. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and less 9.7 9.8 ........... ...........
than 14,000 Btu/h..........................................
13. With reverse cycle, with louvered sides, and 20,000 Btu/ 9.8 9.8 ........... ...........
h or more..................................................
14. With reverse cycle, without louvered sides, and 14,000 9.1 9.2 ........... ...........
Btu/h or more..............................................
15. Casement-Only........................................... 9.9 10 ........... ...........
16. Casement-Slider......................................... 10.8 10.9 ........... ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Note that CEE SEHA does not specify tier levels in CEER, and tier levels are only specified for units in
classes 1-5b.
** ENERGY STAR requires that units with cooling capacity greater or equal 28,000 Btu/h achieve 9.8 CEER. The
aforementioned capacity range is part of product class 10 in the current rule.\10\
[dagger] The CEE SEHA room air conditioner specification defines two capacity ranges that cover the same range
as product classes 5a and 5b: 20,000 Btu/h to 24,999 Btu/h or greater than 25,000 Btu/h. These do not match
the capacity ranges defined by DOE: 20,000 Btu/h to 27,999 Btu/h or greater than 28,000 Btu/h.\11\

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\10\ ENERGY STAR guidelines are available at:
www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/ENERGY%20STAR%20Version%203.1%20Room%20Air%20Conditioner%20Program%20Requirements.pdf.
\11\ CEE SEHA room air conditioner guidelines are available at:
https://library.cee1.org/sites/default/files/library/9296/CEE_ResApp_RoomAirConditionerSpecification_2003_Updated_Again.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issue E.2 DOE seeks input concerning efficiency levels to analyze
for room ACs. Specifically, DOE seeks

[[Page 34853]]

information that may guide the definition of efficiency levels,
including any additional voluntary certification programs or relevant
foreign standards or programs.
Issue E.3 DOE seeks input on appropriate maximum technologically
feasible efficiency levels and the basis for why those levels should be
selected.

F. Markups Analysis

To carry out the life-cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP)
calculations, DOE needs to determine the cost to the residential
consumer of baseline products that satisfies the currently applicable
standards, and the cost of the more-efficient unit the consumer would
purchase under potential amended standards. By applying a multiplier
called a ``markup'' to the manufacturer's selling price, DOE is able to
estimate the residential consumer's price.
For the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE based the distribution
channels on data from AHAM. For room ACs, the main actors are
manufacturers and retailers. Thus, DOE analyzed a manufacturer-to-
consumer distribution channel consisting of three parties: (1) The
manufacturers producing the products; (2) the retailers purchasing the
products from manufacturers and selling them to consumers; and (3) the
consumers who purchase the products. DOE plans to use the same approach
in the current rulemaking.
As was done in the last rulemaking and consistent with the approach
followed for other energy consuming products, DOE will determine an
average manufacturer markup by examining the annual Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) 10-K reports filed by publicly traded
manufacturers of appliances whose product range includes room ACs. DOE
will determine an average retailer markup by analyzing both economic
census data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the annual SEC 10-K reports
filed by publicly traded retailers.
In addition to developing manufacturer and retailer markups, DOE
will develop and include sales taxes to calculate appliance retail
prices. DOE will use an Internet source, the Sales Tax Clearinghouse,
to calculate applicable sales taxes.
Issue F.1 DOE seeks input from stakeholders on whether the
distribution channels described above are still relevant for room ACs.
DOE also welcomes comments concerning its proposed approach to
developing estimates of markups for room ACs.
Issue F.2 DOE seeks recent data to establish the markups for the
parties involved with the distribution of the product addressed in this
notice.

G. Energy Use Analysis

The purpose of the energy use analysis is to assess the energy
savings potential of different product efficiencies. DOE uses the
annual energy consumption and energy-savings potential in the LCC and
PBP analyses to establish the savings in consumer operating costs at
various product efficiency levels. In contrast to the DOE test
procedure, which provides a measure of the energy use, energy
efficiency or annual operating cost of a covered product during a
representative average use cycle, the energy use analysis seeks to
capture the range of operating conditions for room ACs in U.S. homes.
To determine the field energy use of products that would meet
possible standard levels, DOE proposes to use data from the Energy
Information Administration's (EIA's) 2009 Residential Energy
Consumption Survey (RECS), or the most recent such survey available
from EIA.\12\ RECS is a national sample survey of housing units that
collects statistical information on the consumption of and expenditures
for energy in housing units along with data on energy-related
characteristics of the housing units and occupants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\12\ For information on RECS, see https://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

For the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE used the data reported by
RECS on the annual energy consumption (field energy consumption) for
room air conditioning. The reported end-use quantities were not based
on metering of individual appliances; rather, EIA used a regression
technique to estimate how much of the total annual electricity
consumption for each household can be attributed to each end-use
category. The reported field energy consumption refers to the
consumption of all of the room ACs in a home. RECS also reports the
number of room ACs in the home. To estimate the energy consumption of a
single room AC for this rulemaking, DOE divided the room AC energy use
reported in RECS by the reported number of room ACs. For houses with
both central air conditioning and room air conditioning, DOE scaled the
energy use by using a relative use factor. Although in reality the
utilization of each of the room ACs in a home may vary, the RECS data
does not allow DOE to estimate such variation.
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE estimated that, based on
stakeholder input, 12-percent of room AC shipments were utilized in
commercial building applications. The Energy Information
Administration's Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
\13\ does not report annual energy consumption for room air
conditioning, so DOE estimated the energy consumption using variables
specific to each building in the sample and data on cooling degree-
days. For this rulemaking, DOE is considering using the same
methodology to estimate energy use in commercial building applications.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\13\ For information on CBECS, see https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/about.cfm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE requests comment or seeks input from stakeholders on the
following issues pertaining to the energy use analysis:
Issue G.1 DOE requests stakeholder input regarding the impact of
changes in CEER on cooling energy savings.
Issue G.2 Data sources that DOE can use to characterize the
variability in annual energy consumption of room ACs.
Issue G.3 DOE requests stakeholder comment on whether a significant
enough percentage of residential room ACs are utilized in commercial
buildings to warrant considering their use in commercial applications.

H. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis

The purpose of the LCC and PBP analysis is to analyze the effects
of potential amended energy conservation standards on consumers of
residential room AC products by determining how a potential amended
standard affects the consumers' operating expenses (usually decreased)
and total installed costs (usually increased).
DOE intends to analyze data input variability and uncertainty by
performing the LCC and PBP calculations on a representative sample of
households from RECS and commercial buildings from CBECS for the
considered product classes using Monte Carlo simulation and probability
distributions. The analysis results are a distribution of results
showing the range of LCC savings and PBPs for a given efficiency level
relative to the baseline level.
Inputs to the LCC and PBP analysis are categorized as: (1) Inputs
for establishing the purchase expense, otherwise known as the total
installed cost, and (2) inputs for calculating the operating expense.
The primary inputs for establishing the total installed cost are the
baseline consumer price, standard-level consumer price increases, and
installation costs. Baseline consumer prices and standard-

[[Page 34854]]

level consumer price increases will be determined by applying markups
to manufacturer price estimates. The installation cost is added to the
consumer price to arrive at a total installed cost.
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE derived the installation
costs from room AC data in RS Means. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). DOE
plans to use similar data sources for this rulemaking, with adjustments
to reflect current-day labor and material prices as well as to scale
installation cost for higher-efficiency products based on equipment
weight and/or dimensions.
Issue H.1 DOE seeks input on whether room AC installation costs
will scale with equipment weight and/or dimensions.
The primary inputs for calculating the operating costs are product
energy consumption, product efficiency, electricity prices and
forecasts, maintenance and repair costs, product lifetime, and discount
rates.
Repair costs are associated with repairing or replacing components
that have failed in the appliance, whereas maintenance costs are
associated with maintaining the operation of the equipment. In the
April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE assumed a maintenance increase for
the higher-capacity units due to more expensive product cost but no
maintenance differences with higher efficiency units. 76 FR 22454 (Apr.
21, 2011).
Issue H.2 DOE seeks stakeholder input on the appropriateness to
assume that changes in maintenance costs will be negligible for more-
efficient products.
Repair costs are costs associated with a major repair during the
lifetime of the product. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE
determined the costs of major repairs (e.g., compressor replacement)
from RS Means and industry literature. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). DOE
also assumed that repair costs vary in direct proportion with the
product price at higher efficiency levels as replacement costs for
more-efficient components are likely to be greater than components in
baseline products. Id.
Issue H.3 DOE seeks stakeholder comment on the assumption that
repair costs vary in direct proportion to product price and unit
capacity.
DOE measures LCC and PBP impacts of potential standard levels
relative to a base case that reflects the market in the absence of
amended standards. DOE plans to develop market-share efficiency data
(i.e., the distribution of product shipments by efficiency) for the
product classes DOE is considering, for the year in which compliance
with any amended or new standards would be required. By accounting for
consumers who already purchase more efficient products, DOE avoids
overstating the potential benefits from potential standards.
Issue H.4 DOE seeks stakeholder input and data on the fraction of
room ACs that are sold above the minimum energy efficiency standards.
DOE also requests information on expected trends in product efficiency
over the next 5 years.

I. Shipments Analysis

DOE uses shipment projections by product class and efficiency level
in its analysis of the national impacts of potential standards, as well
as in the manufacturer impact analysis.
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE developed a shipments
model for room ACs driven by historical shipments data, which were used
to build up a product stock and calibrate the shipments model. 76 FR
22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). Shipments of each product class were projected
for two market sectors that use these products: residential and
commercial sectors.
Issue I.1 DOE seeks stakeholder input and data showing the
distribution of shipments by product class, and market sector.
In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE modeled the decision to
repair or replace equipment for existing owners and the impact that
decision would have on the shipments model. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21,
2011). DOE investigated how increases in product purchase price and
decreases in product operating costs due to standards impact product
shipments.
Issue I.2 DOE seeks input and data on factors that influence a
consumer's decisions to repair or replace failed products. In
particular, DOE is seeking historical repair cost data as a function of
efficiency.

J. National Impact Analysis

The purpose of the national impact analysis (NIA) is to estimate
aggregate impacts of potential efficiency standards at the national
level. Impacts reported by DOE include the national energy savings
(NES) from potential standards and the national net present value (NPV)
of the total consumer benefits. The NIA considers lifetime impacts of
potential standards on room ACs shipped in a 30-year period that begins
with the expected compliance date for new or amended standards.
To develop the NES, DOE calculates annual energy consumption of
products in residential and commercial building stock for the base case
and each standards case. To develop the national NPV of consumer
benefits from potential standards, DOE calculates national annual
energy expenditures and annual product expenditures for the base case
and the standards cases. DOE calculates total annual energy
expenditures using data on annual energy consumption in each case,
forecasted average annual energy prices, and shipment projections. The
difference each year between operating cost savings and increased
product expenditures is the net savings or net costs.
A key component of DOE's estimates of NES and NPV is the product
energy efficiency forecasted over time for the base case and for each
of the standards cases. In the April 2011 Direct Final Rule, DOE based
projections of base-case shipment-weighted efficiency (SWEF) for the
room AC product classes on growth rates determined from historical data
provided by AHAM. 76 FR 22454 (Apr. 21, 2011). For this rulemaking, DOE
plans on considering recent trends in efficiency and input from
stakeholders to update product energy efficiency forecasts.
Issue J.1 DOE seeks historical SWEF data for room ACs by product
class and stakeholder input regarding future trends in efficiency.

K. Manufacturer Impact Analysis

The purpose of the manufacturer impact analysis (MIA) is to
estimate the financial impact of potential energy conservation
standards on manufacturers of room ACs and to evaluate the potential
impact of such standards on employment and manufacturing capacity. The
MIA includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The
quantitative part of the MIA primarily relies on the Government
Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM), an industry cash-flow model used to
estimate a range of potential impacts on manufacturer profitability.
The qualitative part of the MIA addresses a proposed standard's
potential impacts on manufacturing capacity and industry competition,
as well as factors such as product characteristics, impacts on
particular subgroups of firms, and important market and product trends.
As part of the MIA, DOE intends to analyze impacts of potential
energy conservation standards on small business manufacturers of
covered products. DOE intends to use the Small Business
Administration's (SBA) small business size standards to determine
whether manufacturers qualify as small businesses. The size standards
are listed by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
code and

[[Page 34855]]

industry description.\14\ Manufacturing of room ACs can be classified
under either NAICS 333415, ``Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating
Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing'' or NAICS 335228, ``Other Major Household Appliance
Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of 750 or 500 employees or
less for an entity to be considered as a small business for these
categories. These employee threshold would include all employees in a
business's parent company and any other subsidiaries.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\14\ Available online at: www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/Size_Standards_Table.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOE used publically available information to attempt to identify
any small business that manufactures room ACs. DOE cross-referenced the
manufacturers listed in DOE's Compliance Certification Management
System (CCMS) with individual company Web sites and market research
tools (e.g., Hoovers reports). DOE's initial research indicates that no
small businesses currently manufacture room ACs.
Issue K.1 DOE requests comment on any small business manufacturers
of room ACs that it should consider in its analysis.

III. Submission of Comments

DOE invites all interested parties to submit in writing by August
3, 2015, comments and information on matters addressed in this notice
and on other matters relevant to DOE's consideration of new or amended
energy conservations standards for room ACs. After the close of the
comment period, DOE will begin collecting data, conducting the
analyses, and reviewing the public comments, as needed. These actions
will be taken to aid in the development of a NOPR for room ACs if DOE
decides to amend the standards for such products.
DOE considers public participation to be a very important part of
the process for developing test procedures and energy conservation
standards. DOE actively encourages the participation and interaction of
the public during the comment period in each stage of the rulemaking
process. Interactions with and between members of the public provide a
balanced discussion of the issues and assist DOE in the rulemaking
process. Anyone who wishes to be added to the DOE mailing list to
receive future notices and information about this rulemaking or would
like to request a public meeting should contact Ms. Brenda Edwards at
(202) 586-2945, or via email at Brenda.Edwards@ee.doe.gov.

Issued in Washington, DC, on June 9, 2015.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2015-15001 Filed 6-17-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

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