International Fisheries; Western and Central Pacific Fisheries for Highly Migratory Species; Fishing Restrictions Regarding the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, the Whale Shark, and the Silky Shark, 8807-8816 [2015-03388]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 33 (Thursday, February 19, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 8807-8816]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-03388]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 300

[Docket No. 130703588-5112-02]
RIN 0648-BD44


International Fisheries; Western and Central Pacific Fisheries 
for Highly Migratory Species; Fishing Restrictions Regarding the 
Oceanic Whitetip Shark, the Whale Shark, and the Silky Shark

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: NMFS issues regulations under authority of the Western and 
Central Pacific Fisheries Convention Implementation Act (WCPFC 
Implementation Act) to implement decisions of the Commission for the 
Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the 
Western and Central Pacific Ocean (Commission or WCPFC) on fishing 
restrictions related to the oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus 
longimanus), the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), and the silky shark 
(Carcharhinus falciformis). The regulations apply to owners and 
operators of U.S. fishing vessels used for commercial fishing for 
highly migratory species (HMS) in the area of application of the 
Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish 
Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (Convention). The 
regulations for oceanic whitetip sharks and silky sharks prohibit the 
retention, transshipment, storage, or landing of oceanic whitetip 
sharks or silky sharks, and require the release of any oceanic whitetip 
shark or silky shark as soon as possible after it is caught, with as 
little harm to the shark as possible. The regulations for whale sharks 
prohibit setting a purse seine on a whale shark and specify certain 
measures to be taken and reporting requirements in the event a whale 
shark is encircled in a purse seine net. This action is necessary for 
the United States to satisfy its obligations under the Convention, to 
which it is a Contracting Party.

DATES: This rule is effective March 23, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Copies of supporting documents prepared for this final rule, 
including the regulatory impact review (RIR) and the Environmental 
Assessment (EA), as well as the proposed rule, are available via the 
Federal e-Rulemaking Portal, at www.regulations.gov (search for Docket 
ID NOAA-NMFS-2014-0086). Those documents, and the small entity 
compliance guide prepared for this final rule, are also available from 
NMFS at the following address: Michael D. Tosatto, Regional 
Administrator, NMFS, Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO), 1845 Wasp 
Blvd., Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818. The initial regulatory 
flexibility analysis (IRFA) and final regulatory flexibility analysis 
(FRFA) prepared under the authority of the Regulatory Flexibility Act 
(RFA) are included in the proposed rule and this final rule, 
respectively.
    Written comments regarding the burden-hour estimates or other 
aspects of the collection-of-information requirements contained in this 
final rule may be submitted to Michael D. Tosatto, Regional 
Administrator, NMFS PIRO (see ADDRESSES) and by email to 
OIRA_Submission@omb.eop.gov or fax to 202-395-7285.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rini Ghosh, NMFS PIRO, 808-725-5033.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On August 22, 2014, NMFS published a 
proposed rule in the Federal Register (79 FR 49745) to implement 
decisions of the Commission on the oceanic whitetip shark, the whale 
shark, and the silky shark. The proposed rule was open for public 
comment through October 6, 2014.
    This final rule is issued under the authority of the WCPFC 
Implementation Act (16 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.), which authorizes the 
Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of State and 
the Secretary of the Department in which the United States Coast Guard 
is operating (currently the Department of Homeland Security), to 
promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the 
obligations of

[[Page 8808]]

the United States under the Convention, including the decisions of the 
Commission. The authority to promulgate regulations has been delegated 
to NMFS.
    This final rule implements the WCPFC's ``Conservation and 
Management Measure for Oceanic Whitetip Shark'' (CMM 2011-04), 
``Conservation and Management Measure for Protection of Whale Sharks 
from Purse Seine Fishing Operations'' (CMM 2012-04), and ``Conservation 
and Management Measure for Silky Sharks'' (CMM 2013-08). The preamble 
to the proposed rule provides background information on a number of 
matters, including the Convention and the Commission, the provisions of 
the WCPFC decisions being implemented in this rule, and the bases for 
the proposed regulations, which is not repeated here.

New Requirements

    The final rule includes six elements--three regarding the oceanic 
whitetip shark and silky shark and three regarding the whale shark.

Oceanic Whitetip Shark and Silky Shark Elements

    For the oceanic whitetip shark and silky shark, the first element 
prohibits the crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel of the 
United States used for commercial fishing for HMS from retaining on 
board, transshipping, storing, or landing any part or whole carcass of 
an oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark that is caught in the 
Convention Area. The second element requires the crew, operator, and 
owner to release any oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark caught in 
the Convention Area as soon as possible after the shark is caught and 
brought alongside the vessel and take reasonable steps for its safe 
release, without compromising the safety of any persons. The third 
element takes into consideration that, notwithstanding the other two 
oceanic whitetip and silky shark elements of the rule, WCPFC observers 
may collect samples of oceanic whitetip sharks or silky sharks that are 
dead when brought alongside the vessel and the crew, operator, or owner 
of the vessel must allow and assist them to collect samples in the 
Convention Area, if requested to do so. Observers deployed by NMFS or 
the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency are currently considered 
WCPFC observers, as those programs have completed the required 
authorization process to become part of the WCPFC Regional Observer 
Programme.
    CMM 2011-04 and CMM 2013-08, for the oceanic whitetip shark and the 
silky shark, respectively, apply to the entire Convention Area, 
including, for the United States, state and territorial waters. The 
WCPFC Implementation Act states that regulations promulgated under the 
act shall apply within the boundaries of any of the States of the 
United States and any commonwealth, territory or possession of the 
United States (hereafter ``State'') bordering on the Convention Area if 
the Secretary of Commerce has provided notice to the State, the State 
does not request an agency hearing, and the Secretary of Commerce has 
determined that the State has not, within a reasonable period of time 
after the promulgation of regulations, enacted laws or promulgated 
regulations that implement the recommendations of the WCPFC within the 
boundaries of the State; or has enacted laws or promulgated regulations 
that implement the recommendations of the WCPFC that are less 
restrictive than the regulations promulgated under the WCPFC 
Implementation Act or are not effectively enforced (16 U.S.C. 6907(e)). 
Some of the fisheries affected by the oceanic whitetip shark and silky 
shark elements of the rule operate within the waters of American Samoa, 
Guam, Hawaii, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 
(CNMI). NMFS furnished copies of the proposed rule to these States at 
the time of publication in the Federal Register and will furnish copies 
of the final rule as well. NMFS is available to discuss ways to ensure 
that the conservation and management measures implemented in this 
rulemaking can be consistently applied to Federal, state, and 
territorial managed fisheries.

Whale Shark Elements

    For the whale shark, the first element of the final rule prohibits 
owners, operators, and crew of fishing vessels from setting or 
attempting to set a purse seine in the Convention Area on or around a 
whale shark if the animal is sighted prior to the commencement of the 
set or the attempted set. CMM 2012-04 includes language making the 
prohibition specific to ``a school of tuna associated with a whale 
shark.'' However, it is unclear exactly what this phrase means. Thus, 
NMFS believes it is appropriate to apply this prohibition to any purse 
seine set or attempted set on or around a whale shark that has been 
sighted prior to commencement of the set or attempted set. This 
prohibition would not apply to sets made in the territorial seas or 
archipelagic waters of any nation or in the exclusive economic zones 
(EEZs) of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA). The final rule 
includes a definition of the PNA as the Pacific Island countries that 
are parties to the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the 
Management of Fisheries of Common Interest, as specified on the Web 
site of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement at www.pnatuna.com. The PNA 
currently includes the following countries: Federated States of 
Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, 
Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu. Vessel owners and operators may be subject 
to similar prohibitions regarding the whale shark in the EEZs of the 
PNA, if implemented by one or more PNA countries.
    The second element for the whale shark in the final rule requires 
the crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel to release any whale 
shark that is encircled in a purse seine net in the Convention Area, 
and to take reasonable steps to ensure its safe release, without 
compromising the safety of any persons. This element does not apply in 
the territorial seas or archipelagic waters of any nation, but does 
apply in all EEZs, including the EEZs of the PNA.
    The third and final element for the whale shark in the final rule 
requires the owner and operator of a fishing vessel that encircles a 
whale shark with a purse seine in the Convention Area to ensure that 
the incident is recorded by the end of the day on the catch report 
form, or Regional Purse Seine Logsheet (RPL), maintained pursuant to 50 
CFR 300.34(c)(1), in the format specified by the NMFS Pacific Islands 
Regional Administrator. The NMFS Pacific Islands Regional Administrator 
would provide vessel owners and operators with specific instructions 
for how to record whale shark encirclements on the RPL.

Comments and Responses

    NMFS received comments from 38 individuals on the proposed rule, as 
well as three comment letters from groups or organizations. The 
comments have been grouped together, where appropriate, in the 
summaries below.
    Comment 1: Four commenters provided general statements of support 
for the rule and five additional commenters expressed support for the 
rule stating that oceanic whitetip sharks, whale sharks, and silky 
sharks need to be protected from the fishing industry as they are at 
risk of extinction.
    Response: NMFS acknowledges these comments.
    Comment 2: One commenter stated that there is no sustainable way to 
fish for these sharks. Their lengthy gestation

[[Page 8809]]

and low reproduction rate make them vulnerable to environmental 
changes.
    Response: NMFS notes that U.S. vessel owners and operators subject 
to this final rule are generally not fishing for these sharks, as there 
is no directed commercial shark fishery in the U.S. Pacific Islands 
region.
    Comment 3: Six commenters discussed how they view sharks as 
important parts of a healthy ocean and that loss of sharks would be 
detrimental to the environment. Two of these commenters suggested that 
preserving sharks could help the shark diving industry, and one of them 
provided a photo they had taken of an oceanic whitetip shark.
    Response: NMFS acknowledges these comments and the photo.
    Comment 4: Ten commenters called for protections from fishing for 
all shark species; half of these commenters asked for broad protections 
for other species, including cetaceans. Most discussed the importance 
of sharks to the ecosystem and some discussed their vulnerability to 
fishing and environmental changes.
    Response: The final rule establishes regulations that prohibit the 
retention, transshipment, storage, and landing of oceanic whitetip 
sharks and silky sharks, and require the release of any oceanic 
whitetip shark or silky shark as soon as possible after it is caught, 
with as little harm to the shark as possible. The final rule also 
establishes regulations that prohibit setting a purse seine on a whale 
shark and specify certain measures to be taken in the event a whale 
shark is encircled in a purse seine net, as well as a requirement to 
report the incident to NMFS. As described in the EA, other domestic and 
international management measures, such as the U.S. Shark Conservation 
Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111-348), are in place to mitigate the impacts of 
fishing on shark species. NMFS, as well as international organizations 
and other countries are actively considering additional management for 
sharks. For example, the WCPFC's CMM 2010-07 provides management 
measures for sharks, and the WCPFC is considering additional shark 
management measures.
    Comment 5: One commenter recommended that the proposed regulations 
be adopted. The commenter stated that these shark species face many 
man-made perils and need any beneficial regulations that can keep them 
from becoming endangered. According to the commenter, the proposed 
regulations would provide a legal framework for the agency to take 
action against any offenses. The commenter stated that enforcement will 
likely be challenging but that it is good to have something for which 
to strive. It is in a fisherman's best interest to help protect the 
fragile ecosystem he or she relies upon.
    Response: NMFS acknowledges the comment.
    Comment 6: One commenter stated that oceanic whitetip sharks scour 
the open ocean which is devoid of most life, so when they encounter 
potential food, they may test it to see if it is edible. According to 
the commenter, the bad reputation of sharks comes from being 
opportunistic. However, thousands of people have swum with these sharks 
without injury. The sharks need to survive in a harsh, barren 
environment and they excel at it, so we should let them live.
    Response: NMFS acknowledges the comment.
    Comment 7: One commenter stated that it is unconscionable to not 
implement stronger protections for these sharks. According to the 
commenter, studies have shown declines in oceanic whitetip shark 
populations in the Gulf of Mexico. Silky shark populations are 
estimated to have also declined dramatically. The International Union 
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the oceanic whitetip shark as 
vulnerable, the silky shark as near threatened, and the whale shark as 
vulnerable. Many countries have recognized the fragility of whale shark 
populations and have legislated full protection for them. None of these 
species can sustain ongoing depletion.
    Response: Please see the response to Comment 4.
    Comment 8: One commenter asked NMFS to reconsider implementing the 
proposed rule, so that abuse of the ocean's beautiful creatures would 
stop.
    Response: We understand this comment to mean that the commenter 
believes the rule would lead to increased abuse of living marine 
resources. However, please see the response to Comment 4, above, for a 
summary of the regulations being implemented in this rule.
    Comment 9: One commenter requested NMFS to provide better 
protection for sharks.
    Response: As stated above in the response to Comment 4, the final 
rule implements WCPFC decisions for the conservation and management of 
three shark species.
    Comment 10: One commenter asked why everyone wants to kill these 
shark species, since they are simply fantastic and keep the ocean 
healthy.
    Response: As described above in the response to Comment 4, the 
final rule implements WCPFC decisions for the conservation and 
management of three shark species.
    Comment 11: Three commenters stated that they fully support the 
regulation of shark finning and more responsible fishing, as specified 
in the proposed rule. They also stated that these animals are critical 
members of the ecosystem and should be protected and that these 
regulations should be strictly enforced.
    Response: Please see the response to Comment 4, above, for a 
description of the elements of the final rule. The final rule does not 
regulate the practice of finning sharks, but other existing laws and 
regulations do so (e.g., the Shark Conservation Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 
111-348)).
    Comment 12: One commenter supported the proposed rule and hopes 
that the United States will set an example for other countries. The 
commenter also provided background information on the status and 
importance of these sharks. However, the commenter asked NMFS to review 
the whale shark provisions of the proposed rule, recommending that nets 
should not be allowed in the water if a whale shark is seen and the 
regulations should clarify what would happen if a purse seine net is 
already in the water when a whale shark is sighted. The commenter also 
expressed concern over the lack of clarity in the definition of a 
``school of tuna associated with a whale shark'' and suggested that it 
be rewritten.
    Response: The regulations in this final rule prohibit setting or 
attempting to set a purse seine in the Convention Area on or around a 
whale shark if the animal is sighted prior to the commencement of the 
set or the attempted set. Should a whale shark be sighted after 
commencement of the set when the net is already in the water, it is not 
certain that the whale shark would become encircled in the net or that 
retrieving the net immediately would avoid encircling the whale shark. 
However, the regulations also require the crew, operator, and owner of 
a fishing vessel to release any whale shark that is encircled in a 
purse seine net and take reasonable steps for its safe release without 
compromising the safety of any persons. CMM 2012-04 includes language 
prohibiting vessels from setting a purse seine on a ``school of tuna 
associated with a whale shark'' if the animal is sighted prior to the 
commencement of the set or the attempted set. As stated in the proposed 
rule, it is unclear exactly what the phrase ``school of tuna associated 
with a whale shark,'' as used in the CMM, means. Thus, NMFS is 
implementing

[[Page 8810]]

broad regulations to prohibit any purse seine set or attempted set on 
or around a whale shark that has been sighted prior to the commencement 
of the set or the attempted set. NMFS believes that this interpretation 
of the CMM is practical for the crew, operators, and owners of fishing 
vessels to implement and for enforcement officials to enforce.
    Comment 13: One commenter stated that as an officer in the U.S. 
distant water purse seine fleet one of his responsibilities is to act 
as a medical officer. The commenter strongly encourages the word 
``safely'' to be added to the language requiring the release of oceanic 
whitetip sharks and silky sharks as soon as possible. Captured sharks 
can cause serious injuries to the crewmen trying to release them alive. 
Risking crew injury is unacceptable.
    Response: NMFS agrees that the safety of crew members is of 
paramount importance. The regulations in this final rule for oceanic 
whitetip sharks and silky sharks require the crew, operator, and owner: 
``to release any oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark caught in the 
Convention Area as soon as possible after the shark is caught and 
brought alongside the vessel and take reasonable steps for its safe 
release, without compromising the safety of any persons.''
    Comment 14: One commenter who has managed a U.S. built and owned 
purse seine vessel that has operated out of Pago Pago, American Samoa, 
since 1981 expressed concerns over the proposal and stated that U.S. 
vessels already practice the regulations being implemented. The 
commenter believes that piecemeal protections for various species are 
inefficient and generate excess paperwork. The commenter suggested that 
the United States instead propose a full purse seine closure period for 
all Commission Members, Cooperating Non-Members, and Participating 
Territories (WCPFC members), similar to what is in effect in the 
eastern Pacific Ocean.
    Response: The final rule implements specific WCPFC decisions on 
oceanic whitetip sharks, whale sharks, and silky sharks. The United 
States, as a member of the WCPFC, regularly considers conservation and 
management measures that could be adopted by the WCPFC for purse seine 
fisheries, but such measures are outside the scope of this rulemaking.
    Comment 15: One group of commenters who submitted their comments 
jointly supported the regulations, especially in regard to silky 
sharks, and provided background information on silky sharks. The 
commenters proposed that NMFS modify the regulations to include a 
reporting requirement for silky shark bycatch to monitor the 
effectiveness of the regulations and for collecting additional data. 
The commenters also suggested that NMFS provide a better definition for 
the phrase ``as little harm as possible,'' which is part of the 
provisions of CMM 2013-08 regarding the release of any silky sharks 
caught in the Convention Area, to ensure the safety of silky sharks and 
provide fair enforcement. According to the commenters, allowing the 
operators of individual fishing vessels to determine what level of harm 
is acceptable would increase the risk of the regulations being applied 
arbitrarily. The commenters requested NMFS to consult with experts to 
develop a more thorough definition or establish guidelines for 
allowable and prohibited conduct when releasing silky sharks.
    Response: WCPFC CMM 2010-07 identifies the silky shark as a key 
shark species and requires retained and discarded catches to be 
reported by each WCPFC member in its annual report to the Commission. 
NMFS believes that additional reporting for silky shark catches, 
including discards, is not needed at this time. The final regulations 
specify that crew, operators, and owners must release silky sharks 
caught in the Convention Area as soon as possible after the shark is 
caught and brought alongside the vessel, taking reasonable steps for 
its safe release, without compromising the safety of any persons. NMFS 
believes that this is a reasonable interpretation of CMM 2013-08's 
phrase ``as little harm as possible'' that can be implemented and 
enforced. The WCPFC Scientific Committee has considered appropriate 
guidelines for the safe release of encircled animals, such as whale 
sharks in purse seine nets, but the WCPFC has not yet adopted uniform 
guidelines. NMFS will establish additional shark handling requirements 
if and when needed should the WCPFC adopt further measures in this 
regard. NMFS does not believe issuance of these regulations should be 
postponed in order to develop such handling guidelines or requirements.
    Comment 16: One organization provided comments expressing support 
for the proposed regulations and noting that the implementation 
deadlines in CMM 2011-04, CMM 2012-04, and CMM 2013-08 have already 
passed. The commenter indicated the need for rapid completion of the 
implementation of the measures to ensure that the United States is in 
full compliance with its WCPFC obligations for shark conservation and 
management. The commenter also provided background information on the 
stock status and importance of the three shark species. The commenter 
urged NMFS to extend the applicability of the oceanic whitetip shark 
and silky shark regulations to all fisheries, including non-commercial 
fisheries, that the United States manages in the western and central 
Pacific Ocean (WCPO) to enhance conservation and enforcement ability. 
The commenter expressed agreement with NMFS' interpretation of CMM 
2012-04's phrase ``school of tuna associated with a whale shark.''
    Response: The final regulations for oceanic whitetip sharks and 
silky sharks apply to all U.S. commercial HMS fisheries operating in 
the Convention Area. NMFS interprets the WCPFC decisions for the 
oceanic whitetip shark and the silky shark as being applicable only to 
commercial HMS fisheries, and therefore believes that the inclusion of 
other fisheries in the rule, as requested by the commenter, would not 
be appropriate. Should NMFS determine that oceanic whitetip shark and 
silky shark conservation measures are needed in other fisheries, NMFS 
would be able to implement such measures through other processes, such 
as those under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 
Act.
    Comment 17: One organization provided comments expressing its 
strong support for the proposed rule. The letter approved of NMFS's 
interpretation of the WCPFC measures to protect whale sharks, and noted 
the complementary nature of these regulations to similar regulations 
that recently went into effect in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
    Response: NMFS acknowledges these comments.

Changes From the Proposed Rule

    The phrase ``areas under the national jurisdiction of the Parties 
to the Nauru Agreement'' is used in the regulatory text to refer to the 
EEZs of the PNA. For clarification purposes, a definition of areas 
under the national jurisdiction of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement 
has been added to the regulatory text.
    The new paragraph under 50 CFR 300.218 has been relabeled as (h) to 
accommodate another addition to 50 CFR 300.218 under a separate 
rulemaking. The new paragraphs under 50 CFR 300.222 have been relabeled 
as (ss), (tt), (uu), (vv), and (ww) to accommodate another addition to 
50 CFR 300.222 under a separate rulemaking.

[[Page 8811]]

Classification

    The Administrator, Pacific Islands Region, NMFS, has determined 
that this final rule is consistent with the WCPFC Implementation Act 
and other applicable laws.

Executive Order 12866

    This final rule has been determined to be not significant for 
purposes of Executive Order 12866.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    A FRFA was prepared. The FRFA incorporates the IRFA prepared for 
the proposed rule. The analysis in the IRFA is not repeated here in its 
entirety.
    A description of the action, why it is being considered, and the 
legal basis for this action are contained in the preamble of the 
proposed rule and in the SUMMARY and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION sections 
of this final rule, above. The analysis follows.

Significant Issues Raised by Public Comments in Response to the IRFA

    NMFS did not receive any comments specifically on the IRFA. Two of 
the public comments received on the proposed rule touched on the 
economic impacts of the proposed action; see Comments #5 and #14, and 
NMFS' responses to those comments, above.

Description of Small Entities to Which the Rule Will Apply

    Small entities include ``small businesses,'' ``small 
organizations,'' and ``small governmental jurisdictions.'' The Small 
Business Administration (SBA) has established size standards for all 
major industry sectors in the United States, including commercial 
finfish harvesters (NAICS code 114111). A business primarily involved 
in finfish harvesting is classified as a small business if it is 
independently owned and operated, is not dominant in its field of 
operation (including its affiliates), and has combined annual receipts 
not in excess of $20.5 million for all its affiliated operations 
worldwide.
    The final rule will apply to owners and operators of U.S. fishing 
vessels used to fish for HMS for commercial purposes in the Convention 
Area. This includes vessels in the purse seine, longline, tropical 
troll (including those in American Samoa, the CNMI, Guam, and Hawaii), 
Hawaii handline, Hawaii pole-and-line, and west coast-based albacore 
troll fleets. The estimated number of affected fishing vessels is as 
follows, broken down by fleet: 40 purse seine vessels (based on the 
number of purse seine vessels licensed under the South Pacific Tuna 
Treaty as of March 2014); 165 longline vessels (based on the number of 
longline vessels permitted to fish as of July 2014 under the Fishery 
Ecosystem Plan for Pacific Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific 
Region, which includes vessels based in Hawaii (a total of 164 Hawaii 
Longline Limited Entry permits are available), American Samoa (a total 
of 60 American Samoa Longline Limited Entry permits are available), and 
the Mariana Islands); 2,089 tropical troll and 572 Hawaii handline 
vessels (based on the number of active troll and handline vessels in 
American Samoa, Guam, the CNMI, and Hawaii in 2012, the latest year for 
which complete data are available); 1 tropical pole-and-line vessel 
(based on the number of active vessels in 2012), and 13 albacore troll 
vessels (based on the number of albacore troll vessels authorized to 
fish on the high seas in the Convention Area as of July 2014). Thus, 
the total estimated number of vessels that would be subject to the rule 
is approximately 2,880.
    Based on (limited) available financial information about the 
affected fishing fleets and the SBA's definition of a small finfish 
harvester (i.e., gross annual receipts of less than $20.5 million, 
independently owned and operated, and not dominant in its field of 
operation), and using individual vessels as proxies for individual 
businesses, NMFS believes that all of the affected fish harvesting 
businesses are small entities. As stated above, there are currently 40 
purse seine vessels in the affected purse seine fishery. Neither gross 
receipts nor ex-vessel price information specific to the 40 vessels are 
available to NMFS. Average annual receipts for each of the 40 vessels 
during the last 3 years for which reasonably complete data are 
available (2010-2012) were estimated as follows. The vessel's reported 
retained catches of skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, and bigeye tuna in 
each year were each multiplied by an indicative Asia-Pacific regional 
cannery price for that species and year (developed by the Pacific 
Islands Forum Fisheries Agency and available at https://www.ffa.int/node/425#attachments); the products were summed across species for each 
year; and the sums were averaged across the 3 years. The estimated 
average annual receipts for each of the 40 vessels were less than the 
$20.5 million threshold used to classify businesses as small entities 
under the SBA size standard for finfish harvesting businesses.

Recordkeeping, Reporting, and Other Compliance Requirements

    The final rule will establish one new reporting requirement within 
the meaning of the Paperwork Reduction Act, as well as additional 
requirements, as described in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of 
this final rule, above. The classes of small entities subject to the 
requirements and the costs of complying with the requirements are 
described below for each of the six elements of the final rule--three 
elements regarding the oceanic whitetip shark and silky shark, and 
three elements regarding the whale shark.
    Oceanic Whitetip Shark and Silky Shark Element (1): Prohibit the 
crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel from retaining on board, 
transshipping, storing, or landing any oceanic whitetip shark or silky 
shark. This element prohibits the crew, operator, and owner of a 
fishing vessel of the United States used for commercial fishing for HMS 
from retaining on board, transshipping, storing, or landing any part or 
whole carcass of an oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark that is 
caught in the Convention Area. This requirement would not impose any 
new reporting or recordkeeping requirements. It is not expected to 
require any professional skills that the affected vessel owners, 
operators and crew do not already possess. This requirement would apply 
to owners, operators and crew of any vessel used to fish for HMS for 
commercial purposes in the Convention Area. Accordingly, it would apply 
to all vessels identified above. Based on the best available data, 
oceanic whitetip shark and silky shark are not caught in the Hawaii 
handline fishery, the Hawaii pole-and-line fishery, or the albacore 
troll fishery. Thus, compliance costs are expected only in the purse 
seine, longline, and tropical troll fleets. This requirement forecloses 
harvesting businesses' opportunity to retain and sell or otherwise make 
use of the two species. The compliance cost for each entity can be 
approximated by the ex-vessel value of the amount of the two species 
that would be expected to be retained if it were allowed (under no 
action). Price data for specific shark species and in specific 
fisheries is lacking, so this analysis assumes that the ex-vessel value 
of both species in all affected fisheries is $1.50/kg, which is the 
2011 ex-vessel price (converted to 2013 dollars) for sharks generally 
in Hawaii's commercial pelagic fisheries (which do not include the 
purse seine fishery, in which the fate and value of retained sharks are 
not known). Expected retained amounts of each of the two species in 
each fishery (under no action) are based on the recent level of fishing 
effort multiplied by the recent retention rate per unit of fishing 
effort.

[[Page 8812]]

For all fisheries except the purse seine fishery, the average of the 
last 5 years for which complete data are available, 2008-2012, is used. 
The analysis of impacts for the purse seine fishery uses fishing effort 
and the retention rate averaged over 2010 and 2011 because the fleet 
was substantially smaller than the current 40-vessel size in years 
previous to 2010, 100% observer coverage started in 2010, and 2011 is 
the last year for which near-complete data are available. Fishing 
effort estimates are based on vessel logbook data, except in the case 
of the American Samoa, CNMI, and Guam troll fisheries, for which creel 
survey data are used. Recent retention rates in the purse seine and 
longline fisheries are estimated from vessel observer data. In the 
Hawaii troll fishery, vessel logbook data are used, and in the American 
Samoa, CNMI, and Guam troll fisheries, creel survey data are used. Fish 
numbers are converted to weights based on vessel observer data for each 
fishery, except for the troll fisheries, for which weight data are 
lacking and the average weights in the Hawaii deep-set longline fishery 
are used. The average weights used are, for oceanic whitetip shark and 
silky shark, respectively: purse seine--23 kg and 32 kg; Hawaii deep-
set longline--27 kg and 28 kg; Hawaii shallow-set longline--27 kg and 
28 kg; American Samoa longline--26 kg and 18 kg; and tropical troll--27 
kg (the two species cannot be accurately distinguished in the data and 
are combined for the purpose of this analysis).
    In the purse seine fishery, in which about 40 vessels are expected 
to participate in the near future, it is estimated that 0.1 oceanic 
whitetip shark and 2.9 silky shark would be retained (under no action) 
per vessel per year, on average. Applying the average weights and price 
given above, these amounts equate to estimated lost annual revenue of 
about $140 per vessel, on average.
    As indicated above, about 165 vessels are expected to participate 
in the affected longline fisheries in the near future. The longline 
fisheries operating in the Convention Area include the Hawaii-based 
fisheries, which include a tuna-targeting deep-set fishery and 
swordfish-targeting shallow set fishery, and the American Samoa-based 
fishery. Occasionally there is also longline fishing by vessels based 
in the Mariana Islands, where participation is typically fewer than 
three vessels in any given year. No vessel observer data are available 
specifically for the Mariana Islands longline fishery, making it 
difficult to analyze shark catch rates, but shark catch rates in the 
other longline fisheries might be reasonable proxies for catch rates in 
the Mariana Islands fishery. In that case, to the extent either oceanic 
whitetip shark or silky shark is caught and retained in the Mariana 
Islands longline fishery in the future, the effects of the final rule 
can be expected to be about the same--on a per-unit of fishing effort 
basis--as those in the other longline fisheries, as described here. In 
the Hawaii and American Samoa longline fisheries, it is estimated that 
0.2 oceanic whitetip shark and 0.1 silky shark would be retained (under 
no action) per vessel per year, on average. These amounts equate to 
estimated lost annual revenue of about $12 per vessel, on average.
    Catch and retention rates of the two shark species in the tropical 
troll fisheries are difficult to estimate for several reasons. For 
example, in the Hawaii troll fishery, there is no species code for 
silky shark, so any catches of that species are recorded as 
unidentified sharks. In the troll fisheries of the three territories, 
because the two carcharhinid species are retained only infrequently, it 
is difficult to generate estimates of total catches of the two species 
with much certainty using the creel surveys that sample only a subset 
of all fishing trips. Because of these and other limitations, only very 
approximate estimates can be made. For this analysis, all unidentified 
sharks in the data are assumed to be oceanic whitetip shark or silky 
shark, so the resulting estimates are upper-bound estimates. In the 
Hawaii troll fishery, it is estimated that 9 sharks would be retained 
(under no action) per year, on average, for the fishery as a whole. 
With approximately 1,694 vessels expected to participate in the fishery 
(based on the number active in 2012), this equates to about 0.01 sharks 
per vessel per year, and an estimated lost annual revenue of less than 
one dollar per vessel. The Guam troll fishery, with about 351 vessels 
expected to participate in the near future, is expected to retain about 
2 sharks per year (under no action), on average, for the fleet as a 
whole. This equates to about 0.01 sharks per vessel per year, and an 
estimated annual compliance cost of less than one dollar per vessel. In 
the American Samoa troll fishery, it is estimated that about 0.3 sharks 
would be retained, on average, per year (under no action). With about 9 
vessels expected to participate in the fishery, this equates to about 
0.03 sharks per vessel per year, and an estimated annual compliance 
cost of less than one dollar per vessel. The creel survey encountered 
no retained sharks in the CNMI troll fishery in 2008-2012, so the best 
estimate of lost annual revenue for each of the approximately 35 
vessels expected to participate in this fishery is zero.
    Oceanic Whitetip Shark and Silky Shark Element (2): Require the 
crew, operators, and owners of U.S. fishing vessels used for commercial 
fishing for HMS in the Convention Area to release any oceanic whitetip 
shark or silky shark caught in the Convention Area. This element 
requires the vessel crew, operator, and owner to release any oceanic 
whitetip shark or silky shark caught in the Convention Area as soon as 
possible after the shark is caught and brought alongside the vessel and 
take reasonable steps to ensure its safe release, without compromising 
the safety of any persons. This requirement would not impose any new 
reporting or recordkeeping requirements. It is not expected to require 
any professional skills that the affected vessel owners, operators and 
crew do not already possess. This requirement could bring costs in the 
form of reduced efficiency of fishing operations, but it is difficult 
to assess the costs because it is not possible to predict whether or 
how vessel operators and crew would change their release/discard 
practices relative to what they do currently. For purse seine vessels, 
it is expected that in most cases, the fish would be released after it 
is brailed from the purse seine and brought on deck. In these cases, 
the labor involved would probably be little different than current 
practice for discarded sharks. If the vessel operator and crew 
determine that it is possible to release the fish before it is brought 
on deck, this would likely involve greater intervention and time on the 
part of crew members, with associated labor costs. For longline and 
troll vessels, it is expected that the fish would be quickly released 
as it is brought to the side of the vessel, such as by cutting the line 
or removing the hook. In these cases, no costs would be incurred. In 
some cases, the vessel operator and crew might determine that it is 
necessary to bring the fish on board the vessel before releasing it. 
This would involve greater labor than releasing the fish from alongside 
the vessel, but the release methods used in these cases might be the 
same as those used under the status quo, in which case no new costs 
would be incurred.
    Oceanic Whitetip Shark and Silky Shark Element (3): Require the 
crew, operators, and owners of U.S. fishing vessels used for commercial 
fishing for HMS in the Convention Area to allow and assist observers in 
the collection of oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark samples. This 
element requires the vessel crew, operator, and owner to

[[Page 8813]]

allow and assist a WCPFC observer to collect samples of dead oceanic 
whitetip sharks or silky sharks when requested to do so by the 
observer. In such cases, and in any case in which the observer collects 
a sample of an oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark, the crew, 
operator, and owner would be relieved of the two requirements listed 
above. Under existing regulations, operators and crew of vessels with 
WCPFC Area Endorsements (i.e., vessels authorized to be used for 
commercial fishing for HMS on the high seas in the Convention Area) are 
already required to assist observers in the collection of samples. This 
would effectively expand that requirement--for just these two shark 
species--to vessels not required to have WCPFC Area Endorsements. This 
requirement would not impose any new reporting or recordkeeping 
requirements. It is not expected to require any professional skills 
that the affected vessel owners, operators and crew do not already 
possess. Although this element would relieve vessel owners, operators 
and crew from the requirements of the first two elements described 
above in those cases where the vessel observer collects a sample of an 
oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark, it would not be expected to 
relieve fishing businesses of the costs identified above for the no-
retention requirement, since the samples would be kept by the observer 
and would not be available for sale or other use by the fishing 
business. This element could also bring additional costs to fishing 
businesses because it would require the owner, operator, and crew to 
assist the observer in the collection of samples if requested to do so 
by the observer. Observers would be under instructions to collect 
samples only if they do so as part of a program that has been 
specifically authorized by the WCPFC Scientific Committee, and only 
from sharks that are dead when brought alongside the vessel. It is not 
possible to project how often observers would request assistance in 
collecting samples. When it does occur, it is not expected that sample 
collection would be so disruptive as to substantially delay or 
otherwise impact fishing operations, but the fishing business could 
bear small costs in terms of crew labor, and possibly the loss of 
storage space that could be used for other purposes.
    Whale Shark Element (1): Prohibit owners, operators, and crew of 
U.S. fishing vessels used for commercial fishing for HMS in the 
Convention Area from setting or attempting to set a purse seine on or 
around a whale shark. This requirement prohibits owners, operators and 
crew of fishing vessels from setting or attempting to set a purse seine 
in the Convention Area on or around a whale shark if the animal is 
sighted prior to the commencement of the set or the attempted set. This 
requirement applies to all U.S. purse seine vessels fishing on the high 
seas and in the EEZs in the Convention Area, except the EEZs of the 
PNA. This requirement does not impose any new reporting or 
recordkeeping requirements. It is not expected to require any 
professional skills that the affected vessel owners, operators and crew 
do not already possess.
    In the event that a whale shark is sighted in the vicinity of a 
purse seine vessel prior to a desired set, complying with the final 
rule could cause forgone fishing opportunities and result in economic 
losses. It is difficult to project the frequency of pre-set whale 
shark-sighting events because such events are not recorded. Historical 
data on whale shark catches are available, but catches are not 
equivalent to pre-set whale shark sightings, for two reasons. On the 
one hand, presumably not all whale sharks within ``sightable'' distance 
of a set are actually caught (thus, in this respect, whale shark catch 
data under-represent pre-set whale shark sighting events). On the other 
hand, according to anecdotal information from purse seine vessel 
operators, not all captured whale sharks are seen before the set 
commences (thus, in this respect, the whale shark catch data over-
represent pre-set whale shark-sighting events). Nonetheless, historical 
whale shark catch rates can provide a rough indicator of the frequency 
of pre-set whale shark sighting events in the future.
    Based on unpublished vessel observer data from the FFA observer 
program, the average whale shark catch rate in 2010-2011 for the U.S. 
purse seine fishery in the Convention Area, excluding the EEZs of the 
PNA, was approximately 2 fish per thousand fishing days. The average 
catch rate during that period in the Convention Area as a whole 
(including the waters of the PNA EEZs) was about 5 fish per thousand 
fishing days. For this analysis, this range of 2-5 events per thousand 
fishing days is used as an estimate of pre-set whale shark-sighting 
events in the future. Based on the average levels of U.S. purse seine 
fishing effort in the Convention Area outside the EEZs of the PNA in 
2010 and 2011 (462 and 842 fishing days, respectively; NMFS unpublished 
data), it can be expected that approximately 652 fishing days per year 
will be spent by the fleet in that area in the future. At that level of 
fishing effort, if pre-set whale shark-sighting events occurred in 2 to 
5 per thousand fishing days, as described above, they would occur 1.3 
to 3.3 times per year, on average, for the fleet as a whole, or 0.03 to 
0.08 times per year for each of the 40 vessels in the fleet, on 
average.
    In those instances that a whale shark is sighted prior to an 
intended set, the vessel operator would have to wait and/or move the 
vessel to find the next opportunity to make a set. The consequences in 
terms of time lost and distance travelled and associated costs cannot 
be projected with any certainty. At best, the operator would find an 
opportunity to make a set soon after the event, and only trivial costs 
would be incurred. At worst, the vessel operator would lose the 
opportunity to make a set for the remainder of the day. Under this 
worst-case assumption, a vessel could lose the net benefits associated 
with 0.03 to 0.08 fishing days per year, on average. Those lost net 
benefits cannot be estimated because of a lack of fishing cost data, 
but information on gross receipts can provide an upper-bound estimate. 
Using regional cannery prices in 2012 for each of the three marketable 
tuna species, and the U.S. fleet's average catches and fishing days in 
2011-2012, the expected gross receipts per fishing day would be about 
$60,000. Thus, an upper-bound estimate of the loss in gross revenue 
that could occur to a vessel as a result of losing 0.03 to 0.08 fishing 
days is approximately $1,800 to $4,800 per year.
    Whale Shark Element (2): Require the crew, operator, and owner of 
U.S. fishing vessels used for commercial fishing for HMS in the 
Convention Area to release any whale shark that is encircled in a purse 
seine net. This element would require the crew, operator, and owner of 
a fishing vessel to release any whale shark that is encircled in a 
purse seine net in the Convention Area, and to do so in a manner that 
results in as little harm to the shark as possible, without 
compromising the safety of any persons. This requirement would apply to 
all U.S. purse seine vessels fishing on the high seas and in the EEZs 
of the Convention Area, including the EEZs of the PNA. This requirement 
would not impose any new reporting or recordkeeping requirements. It is 
not expected to require any professional skills that the affected 
vessel owners, operators and crew do not already possess. Unpublished 
historical vessel observer data from the FFA observer program indicates 
that all whale sharks captured in the U.S. WCPO purse seine fishery are 
released; that is, they are not retained or marketed. The release 
requirement, therefore, is not expected

[[Page 8814]]

to have any effect on fishing operations or to bring any compliance 
costs. The requirement to release the sharks in a manner that results 
in as little harm to the shark as possible without compromising the 
safety of any persons would be a new and potentially burdensome 
requirement, but it is not possible to quantitatively assess the cost 
for two reasons. First, it is not clear how often whale sharks would be 
encircled. As indicated above, the average annual rate by U.S. purse 
seine vessels in the Convention Area in 2010 and 2011 was about 5 
encirclements per thousand fishing days. But the rate in the future is 
expected to be reduced as a result of the setting prohibition described 
in the first whale shark element, above. Nonetheless, if 5 
encirclements per thousand fishing days is considered an upper-bound 
projection, then at a future fishing effort rate of 7,991 fishing days 
per year in the Convention Area (based on the average spent in 2010 and 
2011) and 40 vessels in the fleet, an upper-bound projection of the 
rate of encirclements per vessel is one per year, on average. The 
second reason for the difficulty in assessing the compliance costs of 
this requirement is that current vessel practices regarding whale shark 
releases are not known in detail. Although data on the condition of 
each captured whale shark is available (e.g., based on unpublished FFA 
observer data for 2010 and 2011, 68 percent of captured whale sharks 
were released alive, 2 percent were released dead, and the condition of 
the remainder was unknown), these data do not reveal anything about 
whether the condition of the released whale sharks could have been 
better, or what the vessel crew would have had to have done to improve 
the sharks' condition. In conclusion, this requirement might bring some 
costs to purse seine vessel operations, in the form of the crew 
potentially having to spend more time handling encircled whale sharks 
(at most, one per year per vessel, on average) in order to release them 
with as little harm as possible.
    Whale Shark Element (3): Require the owner and operator of a 
fishing vessel that encircles a whale shark to record the incident on a 
catch report form. This requirement would require the owner and 
operator of a fishing vessel that encircles a whale shark with a purse 
seine net in the Convention Area to ensure that the incident is 
recorded by the end of the day on the catch report form, or Regional 
Purse Seine Logsheet (RPL) maintained pursuant to 50 CFR 300.34(c)(1), 
in the format specified by the NMFS Pacific Islands Regional 
Administrator. This requirement would apply to all U.S. purse seine 
vessels fishing on the high seas and in the EEZs of the Convention 
Area, including the EEZs of the PNA. Because catch and effort logbooks 
are already required to be maintained and submitted in the purse seine 
fishery, there would be no additional cost associated with submitting 
the logbook, but vessels would be required to record additional 
information associated with whale shark encirclements. The required 
information for each incident would include a description of the steps 
taken to minimize harm and an assessment of its condition upon its 
release. This additional information requirement would be added to the 
information required to be reported under a current information 
collection (OMB control number 0648-0218; see the section on the 
Paperwork Reduction Act below for more information). As indicated for 
the previous element, it is not possible to project the rate of 
encirclements with certainty, but one encirclement per vessel per year, 
on average, is an upper-bound projection. NMFS estimates that it would 
take about 10 minutes to record the required information for each 
encirclement. At an estimated labor cost of $25 per hour, the annual 
cost per vessel would be about $4.

Disproportionate Impacts

    There would be no disproportionate economic impacts between small 
and large vessel-operating entities resulting from this final rule. 
Furthermore, there would be no disproportionate economic impacts based 
on vessel size, gear, or home port, as all the vessels in the fleets 
would be subject to the same requirements and NMFS has not identified 
any factors related to vessel size, gear, or home port that would lead 
to disproportionate impacts.

Steps Taken To Minimize the Significant Economic Impacts on Small 
Entities

    For the oceanic whitetip shark and silky shark elements of the 
final rule, NMFS did not identify any alternatives--other than the no-
action alternative--that would minimize economic impacts on affected 
entities.
    For the whale shark elements of the final rule, NMFS considered 
several alternatives. As discussed above, the first element of the 
final rule for the whale shark prohibits owners, operators, and crew of 
fishing vessels from setting or attempting to set a purse seine in the 
Convention Area on or around a whale shark if the animal is sighted 
prior to the commencement of the set or the attempted set. This element 
applies on the high seas and in the EEZs of the Convention Area, except 
for the EEZs of the PNA. CMM 2012-04 states that WCPFC members ``shall 
prohibit their flagged vessels from setting a purse seine on a school 
of tuna associated with a whale shark if the animal is sighted prior to 
the commencement of the set''. NMFS considered developing alternative 
means of implementing the prohibition on setting on a school of tuna, 
such as specifying a minimum distance for the prohibition (e.g., no 
setting within half a mile of a whale shark sighting) or a minimum time 
period for the prohibition (e.g., no setting within 10 minutes of 
sighting a whale shark). However, NMFS did not identify any such 
alternative for this element that would be reasonable and feasible. 
After a whale shark is sighted, it is unclear where and when it will be 
sighted next, since sharks do not have to return to the surface 
regularly to breathe. Therefore, NMFS determined that there is only one 
reasonable and feasible manner of implementing this element of the 
final rule.
    CMM 2012-04 states that for fishing activities in the EEZs of WCPFC 
members north of 30[deg] N. latitude, WCPFC members shall implement 
either the provisions of CMM 2012-04 or compatible measures consistent 
with the obligations under CMM 2012-04. The U.S. purse seine fleet does 
not fish north of 30[deg] N. latitude in the WCPO. Thus, rather than 
attempting to develop a separate set of ``compatible measures'' for 
EEZs of WCPFC members north of 30 [deg]N. latitude that may or may not 
be triggered by any actual U.S. purse seine operations, NMFS decided to 
implement the provisions of CMM 2012-04 for all EEZs in the Convention 
Area (with the exception of the first element not being applicable to 
the EEZs of the PNA, as described above).
    NMFS did not identify any other alternatives for any of the 
elements of the final rule.
    Taking no action could result in lesser adverse economic impacts 
than the final action for many affected entities. The economic impacts 
that would be avoided by taking no action are described above, 
including quantitative estimates--to the extent possible--for the first 
oceanic whitetip shark element and the first and third whale shark 
elements of the final rule. However, NMFS has determined that the no-
action alternative would fail to accomplish the objectives of the WCPFC 
Implementation Act, including satisfying the obligations of the United 
States as a Contracting Party to the

[[Page 8815]]

Convention. The no-action alternative is rejected for this reason.

Small Entity Compliance Guide

    Section 212 of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness 
Act of 1996 states that, for each rule or group of related rules for 
which an agency is required to prepare a FRFA, the agency shall publish 
one or more guides to assist small entities in complying with the rule, 
and shall designate such publications as ``small entity compliance 
guides.'' The agency shall explain the actions a small entity is 
required to take to comply with a rule or group of rules. As part of 
this rulemaking process, a small entity compliance guide has been 
prepared. The guide will be sent to permit and license holders in the 
affected fishery. The guide and this final rule will also be available 
at www.fpir.noaa.gov and by request from NMFS PIRO (see ADDRESSES).

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This final rule contains a collection-of-information requirement 
subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) that has been approved by 
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under control number 0648-
0218, ``South Pacific Tuna Act''. The public reporting burden for the 
catch report form (also known as the RPL) under that collection-of-
information was estimated to average one hour per response (i.e., per 
fishing trip), including the time for reviewing instructions, searching 
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and 
completing and reviewing the collection of information. The whale shark 
encirclement reporting requirement under this final rule changes the 
catch report element of the collection-of-information. Under this final 
rule, in the event that a whale shark is encircled in a purse seine 
net, information about that event would be required to be included in 
the catch report form. Providing this additional information will 
increase the reporting burden by approximately 10 minutes per 
encirclement, which, given an estimated one encirclement per year and 
five fishing trips per year, on average, equates to approximately 2 
minutes per fishing trip or per response. Therefore, the new estimated 
burden per response (i.e., per fishing trip) for the catch report form 
is 62 minutes. No comments were received on this collection-of-
information requirement in response to the proposed rule. Send comments 
regarding this burden estimate, or any other aspect of this data 
collection, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Michael 
D. Tosatto, Regional Administrator, NMFS PIRO (see ADDRESSES) and by 
email to OIRA_Submission@omb.eop.gov or fax to 202-395-7285.
    Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is 
required to respond to, and no person shall be subject to penalty for 
failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the 
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays 
a currently valid OMB control number.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 300

    Administrative practice and procedure, Fish, Fisheries, Fishing, 
Marine resources, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Treaties.

    Dated: February 12, 2015.
Samuel D. Rauch III,
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine 
Fisheries Service.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, 50 CFR part 300 is amended 
as follows:

PART 300--INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS

Subpart O--Western and Central Pacific Fisheries for Highly 
Migratory Species

0
1. The authority citation for 50 CFR part 300, subpart O, continues to 
read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.


0
2. In Sec.  300.211, the definitions of ``Areas under the national 
jurisdiction of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement'' and ``Parties to 
the Nauru Agreement'' are added, in alphabetical order, to read as 
follows:


Sec.  300.211  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Areas under the national jurisdiction of the Parties to the Nauru 
Agreement means the exclusive economic zones of the Parties to the 
Nauru Agreement.
* * * * *
    Parties to the Nauru Agreement means the parties to the Nauru 
Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of 
Common Interest, as specified on the Web site of the Parties to the 
Nauru Agreement at www.pnatuna.com.
* * * * *
0
3. In Sec.  300.218, paragraph (h) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  300.218  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

* * * * *
    (h) Whale shark encirclement reports. The owner and operator of a 
fishing vessel of the United States used for commercial fishing in the 
Convention Area that encircles a whale shark (Rhincodon typus) with a 
purse seine in the Convention Area shall ensure that the incident is 
recorded by the end of the day on the catch report forms maintained 
pursuant to Sec.  300.34(c)(1), in the format specified by the Pacific 
Islands Regional Administrator. This paragraph does not apply to the 
territorial seas or archipelagic waters of any nation, as defined by 
the domestic laws and regulations of that nation and recognized by the 
United States.

0
4. In Sec.  300.222, paragraphs (ss), (tt), (uu), (vv), and (ww) are 
added to read as follows:


Sec.  300.222  Prohibitions.

* * * * *
    (ss) Fail to submit, or ensure submission of, a whale shark 
encirclement report as required in Sec.  300.218(h).
    (tt) Set or attempt to set a purse seine on or around a whale shark 
(Rhincodon typus) in contravention of Sec.  300.223(g).
    (uu) Fail to release a whale shark encircled in a purse seine net 
of a fishing vessel as required in Sec.  300.223(h).
    (vv) Use a fishing vessel to retain on board, transship, store, or 
land any part or whole carcass of an oceanic whitetip shark 
(Carcharhinus longimanus) or silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) in 
contravention of Sec.  300.226(a).
    (ww) Fail to release an oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark as 
required in Sec.  300.226(b).
0
5. In Sec.  300.223, paragraphs (g) and (h) are added to read as 
follows:


Sec.  300.223  Purse seine fishing restrictions.

* * * * *
    (g) Owners, operators, and crew of fishing vessels of the United 
States used for commercial fishing for HMS in the Convention Area shall 
not set or attempt to set a purse seine in the Convention Area on or 
around a whale shark (Rhincodon typus) if the animal is sighted at any 
time prior to the commencement of the set or the attempted set. This 
paragraph does not apply to the territorial seas or archipelagic waters 
of any nation, as defined by the domestic laws and regulations of that 
nation and recognized by the United States, or to areas under the 
national jurisdiction of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement.
    (h) The crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel of the United 
States used for commercial fishing for HMS in the Convention Area must 
release any whale shark that is encircled in a purse seine net in the 
Convention Area, and

[[Page 8816]]

take reasonable steps for its safe release, without compromising the 
safety of any persons. This paragraph does not apply to the territorial 
seas or archipelagic waters of any nation, as defined by the domestic 
laws and regulations of that nation and recognized by the United 
States.

0
6. Section 300.226 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  300.226  Oceanic whitetip shark and silky shark.

    (a) The crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel of the United 
States used for commercial fishing for HMS cannot retain on board, 
transship, store, or land any part or whole carcass of an oceanic 
whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) or silky shark (Carcharhinus 
falciformis) that is caught in the Convention Area, unless subject to 
the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section.
    (b) The crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel of the United 
States used for commercial fishing for HMS must release any oceanic 
whitetip shark or silky shark caught in the Convention Area as soon as 
possible after the shark is caught and brought alongside the vessel, 
and take reasonable steps for its safe release, without compromising 
the safety of any persons, unless subject to the provisions of 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (c) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply in the 
event that a WCPFC observer collects, or requests the assistance of the 
vessel crew, operator, or owner in the observer's collection of, 
samples of oceanic whitetip shark or silky shark in the Convention 
Area.
    (d) The crew, operator, and owner of a fishing vessel of the United 
States used for commercial fishing for HMS in the Convention Area must 
allow and assist a WCPFC observer to collect samples of oceanic 
whitetip shark or silky shark in the Convention Area, if requested to 
do so by the WCPFC observer.

[FR Doc. 2015-03388 Filed 2-18-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P