Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, 6132-6135 [2015-02182]
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responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American cultural items. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
History and Description of the Cultural
Items
In 1933, Drs. Kaj Birket-Smith and
Frederica de Laguna performed
archeological survey and excavations in
Prince William Sound, AK, under the
auspices of University of Pennsylvania
Museum and the Danish National
Museum. The University of
Pennsylvania Museum and the Danish
National Museum transferred objects
from the expedition to the Burke
Museum in 1935. There was no archival
documentation included with the
transferred materials. In 2011, it was
brought to the Burke Museum’s
attention that these objects could be
funerary objects. During tribal
consultation, it was brought to the
Burke Museum’s attention that two of
these sites, 49–COR–001 and 49–SEW–
048, were located on Chugach Forest
Service land at the time of excavation.
Site 49–COR–001 has since been
patented to the Chugach Alaska
Corporation.
In 1933, cultural items were removed
from 49–COR–001 during systematic
excavations in Prince William Sound,
AK, by Drs. Kaj Birket-Smith and
Frederica de Laguna. Based on
archeological records and reports, 12 of
the transferred cultural items were
found to be in close proximity to known
burials, or were identified through
consultation as typical funerary objects.
The 12 unassociated funerary objects
are: 1 grinding stone, 2 slate awls, 1
bone harpoon point, 1 bird bone awl, 2
bird bone tubes, 1 bird bone tool, 1
modified bird bone fragment, 1
unmodified bear tooth, 1 lot of shell
beads, and 1 bone bead.
Site 49–COR–001 was a main village
for one of the eight original Chugach
tribes (de Laguna 1956). Ethnographic
evidence indicates that 49–COR–001 is
ancestral to the present day Chugach
villages. Additionally, oral tradition and
ethnographic information presented
during consultation supports this
affiliation with the Chugach villages.
In 1933, cultural items removed from
49–SEW–048 during systematic
excavations in Prince William Sound,
AK, by Drs. Kaj Birket-Smith and
Frederica de Laguna were placed in the
Burke Museum. The unassociated
funerary object is one canoe, which is
currently in 12 pieces.
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Site 49–SEW–048 is in the territory of
the Kiniklik people (de Laguna 1956).
Edmond Meany, who had previously
worked in the area, noted that canoes
were traditionally placed with the
remains as part of burial practices (de
Laguna 1956). Archeological evidence
indicates that 49–SEW–048 is ancestral
to the present day Chugach villages.
Additionally, oral tradition and
ethnographic information presented
during consultation supports this
affiliation with the Chugach villages.
Archeological data, ethnographic
information, and oral tradition all
support these sites being ancestral to the
present-day Chugach villages of the
Native Village of Eyak (Cordova), the
Native Village of Chenega (aka
Chanega), and the Native Village of
Tatitlek.
Determinations Made by the Chugach
National Forest and the Burke Museum
Officials of the Chugach National
Forest and the Burke Museum have
determined that:
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(B),
the 13 cultural items described above
are reasonably believed to have been
placed with or near individual human
remains at the time of death or later as
part of the death rite or ceremony and
are believed, by a preponderance of the
evidence, to have been removed from a
specific burial site of a Native American
individual.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there
is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the unassociated funerary
objects and the Native Village of Eyak
(Cordova), the Native Village of Chenega
(aka Chanega), and the Native Village of
Tatitlek.
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Lineal descendants or representatives
of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian
organization not identified in this notice
that wish to claim these cultural items
should submit a written request with
information in support of the claim to
Terri Marceron, Chugach National
Forest, 161 East 1st Ave., Door 8,
Anchorage, AK 99501, telephone (907)
743–9525, email tmarceron@fs.fed.us,
by March 6, 2015. After that date, if no
additional claimants have come
forward, transfer of control of the
unassociated funerary objects to the
Native Village of Eyak (Cordova), the
Native Village of Chenega (aka
Chanega), and the Native Village of
Tatitlek may proceed. By signed
delegated authority, and on behalf of the
Native Village of Eyak, the Native
Village of Chenega, and the Native
Village of Tatitlek, items will be
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repatriated through the Chugach Alaska
Corporation.
The Chugach National Forest is
responsible for notifying the Native
Village of Eyak (Cordova), the Native
Village of Chenega (aka Chanega), and
the Native Village of Tatitlek that this
notice has been published.
Dated: January 14, 2015.
Melanie O’Brien,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2015–02223 Filed 2–3–15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS–WASO–NAGPRA–17403:
PPWOCRADN0–PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural
Items: California State University,
Sacramento, Sacramento, CA
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
California State University,
Sacramento, in consultation with the
appropriate Indian tribes or Native
Hawaiian organizations, has determined
that the cultural items listed in this
notice meet the definition of
unassociated funerary objects. Lineal
descendants or representatives of any
Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian
organization not identified in this notice
that wish to claim these cultural items
should submit a written request to
California State University, Sacramento.
If no additional claimants come
forward, transfer of control of the
cultural items to the lineal descendants,
Indian tribes, or Native Hawaiian
organizations stated in this notice may
proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or
representatives of any Indian tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not
identified in this notice that wish to
claim these cultural items should
submit a written request with
information in support of the claim to
California State University, Sacramento
at the address in this notice by March
6, 2015.
ADDRESSES: Orn Bodvarsson, Dean of
the College of Social Sciences and
Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J
Street, Sacramento, CA 95819–6109,
telephone (916) 278–4864, email
obbodvarsson@csus.edu.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C.
3005, of the intent to repatriate cultural
SUMMARY:
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items under the control of California
State University, Sacramento that meet
the definition of unassociated funerary
objects under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American cultural items. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
History and Description of the Cultural
Items
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, 20 unassociated funerary objects
were removed from CA–SAC–006 (also
known as Johnson Mound), located
approximately 1.3 miles west of the
Cosumnes River and 5.5 miles northeast
of the intersection of the Mokelumne
and Cosumnes Rivers in southern
Sacramento County, CA. The
unassociated funerary objects were in
the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The 20 unassociated
funerary objects are two lots of charred
basketry, one lot of charred seeds, and
17 lots of baked clay.
Archeological data suggests
occupation occurred at the site as early
as the Middle Horizon with historic
occupation occurring until the Sutter
Period. Ethnographic and historic data
suggests that this site was once the
tribelet center for the Consomne Plains
Miwok. Historic records indicate that
the site was attacked by the Spanish in
1820 with conflicts occurring with the
Mexicans in 1826. Ethnohistoric records
indicate that the Consomne eventually
banded together in defense with other
Plains Miwok groups, such as the
Ylamne and Sisumne, who collectively
led a series of uprisings against pioneer
John Sutter in the 1840s. Eventually the
Consomne abandoned the village site at
CA–SAC–006 in 1844 to relocate to
Sutter’s New Helvetia (Sutter’s Fort).
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, 10 unassociated funerary objects
were removed from CA–SAC–021 (also
known as Hollister, Allister, or S–29),
located immediately adjacent to
Snodgrass Slough, approximately 1.3
miles southeast of the intersection of
Snodgrass Slough and the Sacramento
River, in southwest Sacramento County,
CA. The unassociated funerary objects
were in the possession of Anthony
Zallio, a private collector, who
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posthumously donated his collection in
1951 to the Department of Anthropology
at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The 10 unassociated
funerary objects are four stone drills,
one bone awl, three Haliotis shell
ornaments, and two bone harpoons.
Archeological evidence suggests
occupation at the site occurred during
the Middle Horizon through Phase 1 of
the Late Horizon. The site location
places CA–SAC–021 in the aboriginal
territory of the Plains Miwok.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, one unassociated funerary object
was removed from CA–SAC–056 (also
known as Mosher, Mosler, Hathaway
No. 1, and S–56), located on the east
bank of the Sacramento River near Stone
Lake, approximately thirteen miles
south of the confluence of the American
and Sacramento Rivers, in southwest
Sacramento County, CA. The
unassociated funerary objects were in
the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The one unassociated
funerary object is a small charred
Olivella bead.
Archeological evidence suggests
occupation at the village occurred as
early as Phase 1 of the Late Horizon.
Archeological and ethnographic records
indicate that the site may be Walak, a
tribelet center for the Gualacomne
Plains Miwok. The site was occupied
historically between the Mission Period
and early Sutter Period from 1769–1845.
Mission records indicate that 67
individuals were baptized from this site,
and historical records note Walak as the
first Native American village visited by
pioneer John Sutter.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, two unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA–SAC–
066 (also known as Morse Mound). The
two unassociated funerary objects may
represent bone hair pins or pendants.
The unassociated funerary objects were
in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). CA–SAC–066 is located
within the aboriginal territory of the
Plains Miwok.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, 51 unassociated funerary objects
were removed from CA–SAC–072 or
CA–SAC–073 (also known as Herzog,
Van Lobensels, or Vorden), located on
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the west bank of Snodgrass Slough in
southwest Sacramento County, CA. The
unassociated funerary objects were in
the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The 51 unassociated
funerary objects are seven Haliotis shell
ornaments, five charmstones, 17
whistles, six awls, two bone tubes, one
modified antler, four modified bones,
four possible bird bone whistle
fragments, one biface, one pestle, and
three lots of Olivella shell beads.
Archeological data suggests
occupation occurring at CA–SAC–072
during Phase 2 of the Late Horizon, and
occupation at CA–SAC–73 occurring
sometime during the Middle Horizon.
The site locations place CA–SAC–072
and CA–SAC–73 within the aboriginal
territory of the Plains Miwok Indians.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, four unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA–SAC–
109 (also known as Drescher, C–109),
located 3.5 miles southeast of Elk Grove
in central Sacramento County, CA. The
unassociated funerary objects were in
the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The four unassociated
funerary objects are slate projectile
points.
Archeological evidence indicates that
occupation occurred at the site from the
Middle to Late Horizon. The site
location places CA–SAC–109 within the
aboriginal territory of the Plains Miwok
Indians.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, one unassociated funerary object
was removed from CA–SAC–113 (also
known as Calhoun #1, Calquehoun, or
C–113), located on private property on
the west bank of the Cosumnes River,
east of Elk Grove in Sacramento County,
CA. The unassociated funerary object
was in the possession of Anthony
Zallio, a private collector, who
posthumously donated his collection in
1951 to the Department of Anthropology
at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The unassociated funerary
object is one modified bone bead.
This site may represent Sukididi, a
subsidiary settlement for the
Shalachmushumne Plains Miwok. It is
believed that the village was abandoned
after the 1833 malaria epidemic. A
known archeological historic
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component is not present at the site, and
the association with Sukididi has not
been verified. Archeological data from
the site indicate that it was occupied
during Phase 2 of the Late Horizon.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, 54 unassociated funerary objects
were removed from CA–YOL–045 (also
known as Indian Head or Holy Ghost),
located on the west bank of the
Sacramento River, approximately 8.75
miles due south of the confluence of the
American and Sacramento Rivers, in
southeast Yolo County, CA. The
unassociated funerary objects were in
the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The 54 unassociated
funerary objects are one sandstone
abrader, one incised baked clay, one lot
of charred textile ash, six bone awls,
three lots of Olivella shell beads, three
lots of clamshell beads, three obsidian
bifaces, one charmstone, one whole
clamshell, 11 Haliotis ornaments, one
obsidian projectile point, one lot of
charred seeds, 15 charred textile
fragments, three modified bone tools,
one incised bird bone tube, and two bird
bone whistles.
CA–YOL–045 is located within the
aboriginal territory of the Plains Miwok.
Archeological data indicates occupation
occurred during Phase 1 of the Late
Horizon.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, 11 unassociated funerary objects
were removed from CA–YOL–053 (also
known as the Frank King Mound),
located on private property on the west
bank of Elk Slough 2.5 miles southwest
of Clarksburg in Yolo County, CA. The
unassociated funerary objects were in
the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The 11 unassociated
funerary objects are one lot of clam shell
beads, one biface, one lot of
miscellaneous organic remains, one lot
of small glass fragments, one Haliotis
shell ornament, and six lots of charred
textile fragments.
Ethnographic evidence indicates that
CA–YOL–053 may have been the
tribelet center for the Ylamne Plains
Miwok. Earliest known occupation
occurred from Phase 2 of the Early
Horizon and lasted until the Late
Mission Period from 1769 to 1839. The
site is believed to have been abandoned
after the 1833 malaria epidemic with
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survivors shifting residence to
neighboring tribelets and Mission San
Jose.
Sometime during the 1920s and
1930s, nine unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA–YOL–
054 (also known as Farren Mound),
located on the west bank of Elk Slough,
approximately five miles southwest of
Clarksburg, in southeast Yolo County,
CA. The unassociated funerary objects
were in the possession of Anthony
Zallio, a private collector, who
posthumously donated his collection in
1951 to the Department of Anthropology
at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University,
Sacramento). The nine unassociated
funerary objects are one lot clamshell
beads, two lots of Olivella shell beads,
and six lots of charred textile fragments.
CA–YOL–54 is believed to be
associated with the Plains Miwok
village of Siusumne. This association is
based on CA–YOL–54 being the only
site in the vicinity of Siusumne lacking
a village name and being of significant
size, which is typical of a tribelet center.
Archeological evidence indicates that
the lower Sacramento Valley and Delta
regions were continuously occupied
since at least the Early Horizon (5550–
550 B.C.). Cultural changes indicated by
artifact typologies and burial patterns,
historical linguistic evidence, and
biological evidence reveal that the
populations in the region were not
static, with both in situ cultural changes
and migrations of outside populations
into the area. Linguistic evidence
suggests that ancestral-Penutian
speaking groups related to modern day
Miwok, Nisenan, and Patwin groups
occupied the region during the Middle
(550 B.C.–A.D. 1100) and Late (A.D.
1100–Historic) Horizons, with some
admixing between these groups and
Hokan-speaking groups that occupied
the region at an earlier date. The genetic
data suggests that the Penutians may
have arrived later than suggested by the
linguistics.
Geographical data from ethnohistoric
and ethnographic sources indicate that
the site was most likely occupied by
Plains Miwok-speaking groups at the
beginning of the historic period, while
Patwin-speakers occupied the valley
west of the Sacramento River and
Miwok-speakers resided south of the
American River. Ethnographic data and
expert testimony from Tribes support
the high level of interaction between
groups in the lower Sacramento Valley
and Delta regions that crosscut
linguistic boundaries. Historic
population movements resulted in an
increased level of shifting among
populations, especially among the
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Miwok and Nisenan who were impacted
by disease and Euro-American activities
relating to Sutter’s Fort and later goldrush activities.
In summary, the ethnographic,
historical, and geographical evidence
indicates that the cultural items listed
above are most closely affiliated with
contemporary descendants of the Plains
Miwok with more distant ties to
neighboring groups, such as the
Nisenan, Patwin, and Yokuts. The
earlier cultural items from the Middle
and Late Horizons share cultural
relations with the Plains Miwok,
Nisenan, Patwin, and Yokuts based on
archeological, biological, and historical
linguistic evidence.
Determinations Made by the California
State University, Sacramento
Officials of California State
University, Sacramento have
determined that:
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(B),
the 163 cultural items described above
are reasonably believed to have been
placed with or near individual human
remains at the time of death or later as
part of the death rite or ceremony and
are believed, by a preponderance of the
evidence, to have been removed from a
specific burial site of a Native American
individual.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there
is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the unassociated funerary
objects to Buena Vista Rancheria of MeWuk Indians of California; California
Valley Miwok Tribe, California; Chicken
Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Ione Band of Miwok Indians
of California; Jackson Rancheria of MeWuk Indians of California; Shingle
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract),
California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk
Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria of
California, Wilton Rancheria, California;
United Auburn Indian Community of
the Auburn Rancheria of California; and
two non-Federally recognized Native
American groups: El Dorado Miwok
Rancheria; and Nashville-Eldorado
Miwok (if joined to the request of one
or more of the foregoing Indian tribes).
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Lineal descendants or representatives
of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian
organization not identified in this notice
that wish to claim these cultural items
should submit a written request with
information in support of the claim to
Orn Bodvarsson, Dean of the College of
Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary
Studies, CSUS, 6000 J Street,
Sacramento, CA 95819–6109, telephone
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(916) 278–4864, email obbodvarsson@
csus.edu, by March 6, 2015. After that
date, if no additional claimants have
come forward, transfer of control of the
unassociated funerary objects to Buena
Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; California Valley Miwok
Tribe, California; Chicken Ranch
Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Ione Band of Miwok Indians
of California; Jackson Rancheria of MeWuk Indians of California; Shingle
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract),
California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk
Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria of
California, Wilton Rancheria, California;
United Auburn Indian Community of
the Auburn Rancheria of California; and
two non-Federally recognized Native
American groups: El Dorado Miwok
Rancheria; and Nashville-Eldorado
Miwok (if joined to the request of one
or more of the foregoing Indian tribes)
may proceed.
California State University,
Sacramento is responsible for notifying
the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk
Indians of California; Cachil DeHe Band
of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian
Community of the Colusa Rancheria,
California; California Valley Miwok
Tribe, California; Chicken Ranch
Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Cortina Indian Rancheria of
Wintun Indians of California; Ione Band
of Miwok Indians of California; Jackson
Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Picayune Rancheria of
Chukchansi Indians of California; Santa
Rosa Indian Community of the Santa
Rosa Rancheria, California; Shingle
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract),
California; Susanville Indian Rancheria,
California, Table Mountain Rancheria of
California; Tule River Indian Tribe of
the Tule River Reservation, California;
Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of
the Tuolumne Rancheria of California;
United Auburn Indian Community of
the Auburn Rancheria of California;
Wilton Rancheria, California; Wiyot
Tribe, California (previously listed as
the Table Bluff Reservation-Wiyot
Tribe); and Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation,
California (previously listed as the
Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun
Indians of California) that this notice
has been published. California State
University, Sacramento will also notify
El Dorado Miwok Rancheria; and
Nashville-Eldorado Miwok, two nonfederally recognized Native American
groups.
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Dated: December 29, 2014.
Melanie O’Brien,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2015–02182 Filed 2–3–15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS–WASO–NAGPRA–17467;
PPWOCRADN0–PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Intent To Repatriate Cultural
Items: Denver Museum of Nature &
Science, Denver, CO
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
The Denver Museum of
Nature & Science, in consultation with
the appropriate Indian tribes or Native
Hawaiian organizations, has determined
that the cultural items listed in this
notice meet the definition of
unassociated funerary objects. Lineal
descendants or representatives of any
Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian
organization not identified in this notice
that wish to claim these cultural items
should submit a written request to the
Denver Museum of Nature & Science. If
no additional claimants come forward,
transfer of control of the cultural items
to the lineal descendants, Indian tribes,
or Native Hawaiian organizations stated
in this notice may proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or
representatives of any Indian tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not
identified in this notice that wish to
claim these cultural items should
submit a written request with
information in support of the claim to
the Denver Museum of Nature & Science
at the address in this notice by March
6, 2015.
ADDRESSES: Dr. Chip Colwell, Denver
Museum of Nature & Science, 2001
Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO,
telephone (303) 370–6378, email
chip.colwell@dmns.org.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C.
3005, of the intent to repatriate cultural
items under the control of the Denver
Museum of Nature & Science, Denver,
CO, that meet the definition of
unassociated funerary objects under 25
U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
SUMMARY:
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6135
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American cultural items. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
History and Description of the Cultural
Items
Prior to 1951, 11 cultural items were
removed from ‘‘graves’’ or ‘‘burial
mounds’’ in Humboldt County, CA. Ten
of these cultural items were obtained,
either through collection or excavation,
by George and Ethel Smith. One
necklace (AC.2256) is noted to have
been excavated by Dr. Ben Hathaway of
the State Museum in Sacramento and
obtained by George Smith through an
exchange. All of the cultural items were
a part of the collection at the Smith
Museum, a small museum off Star Route
in Orange Cove, Fresno County, CA, run
by George and Ethel Smith from the
mid-1930s until 1950. In 1951, Mary
W.A. Crane and Francis V. Crane
purchased the cultural items from the
Smith Museum. In 1968, the Cranes
donated the cultural items to the Denver
Museum of Natural History (later
renamed to the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science). In 1983, the cultural
items were formally accessioned into
the collections. The 11 unassociated
funerary objects are 4 shell bead
necklaces (AC.1946, AC.1947, AC.2256,
AC.2257), 3 shell objects (AC.1939,
AC.2154A–B), 1 stone pestle (AC.2093),
2 stone ear plugs (AC.2133A–B; note the
location of AC.2133B is currently
unknown), and 1 lot of shell beads
(AC.2258).
Museum records indicate that all of
these cultural items were excavated
from Native American graves or burial
mounds located within Humboldt
County, CA. Based on archival
documents and expert opinion, it is
reasonable to conclude that they were
likely removed from a burial mound in
Humboldt Bay known as HUM–67 and
Tuluwat, located on Indian Island
(formerly Gunther Island)—a place
closely associated with Wiyot history.
Stylistic attributes of material culture
found at Tuluwat indicate that the site
was occupied after A.D. 900. Multiple
lines of evidence suggest the Wiyot
culture has developed in-situ within
Humboldt County over the last
thousand years or more. Given this long
term development the shared group
identity is evident. The identifiable
earlier group is the Wiyot and presentday tribes are those with Wiyot
members: The Bear River Band of
Rohnerville Rancheria, California, Blue
Lake Rancheria, California, and the
Wiyot Tribe, California (previously
E:\FR\FM\04FEN1.SGM
04FEN1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 23 (Wednesday, February 4, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 6132-6135]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-02182]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-17403: PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: California State
University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
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SUMMARY: California State University, Sacramento, in consultation with
the appropriate Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations, has
determined that the cultural items listed in this notice meet the
definition of unassociated funerary objects. Lineal descendants or
representatives of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not
identified in this notice that wish to claim these cultural items
should submit a written request to California State University,
Sacramento. If no additional claimants come forward, transfer of
control of the cultural items to the lineal descendants, Indian tribes,
or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to
claim these cultural items should submit a written request with
information in support of the claim to California State University,
Sacramento at the address in this notice by March 6, 2015.
ADDRESSES: Orn Bodvarsson, Dean of the College of Social Sciences and
Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819-
6109, telephone (916) 278-4864, email obbodvarsson@csus.edu.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25
U.S.C. 3005, of the intent to repatriate cultural
[[Page 6133]]
items under the control of California State University, Sacramento that
meet the definition of unassociated funerary objects under 25 U.S.C.
3001.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native
American cultural items. The National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
History and Description of the Cultural Items
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 20 unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-SAC-006 (also known as Johnson Mound),
located approximately 1.3 miles west of the Cosumnes River and 5.5
miles northeast of the intersection of the Mokelumne and Cosumnes
Rivers in southern Sacramento County, CA. The unassociated funerary
objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private collector,
who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the Department of
Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now California State
University, Sacramento). The 20 unassociated funerary objects are two
lots of charred basketry, one lot of charred seeds, and 17 lots of
baked clay.
Archeological data suggests occupation occurred at the site as
early as the Middle Horizon with historic occupation occurring until
the Sutter Period. Ethnographic and historic data suggests that this
site was once the tribelet center for the Consomne Plains Miwok.
Historic records indicate that the site was attacked by the Spanish in
1820 with conflicts occurring with the Mexicans in 1826. Ethnohistoric
records indicate that the Consomne eventually banded together in
defense with other Plains Miwok groups, such as the Ylamne and Sisumne,
who collectively led a series of uprisings against pioneer John Sutter
in the 1840s. Eventually the Consomne abandoned the village site at CA-
SAC-006 in 1844 to relocate to Sutter's New Helvetia (Sutter's Fort).
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 10 unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-SAC-021 (also known as Hollister,
Allister, or S-29), located immediately adjacent to Snodgrass Slough,
approximately 1.3 miles southeast of the intersection of Snodgrass
Slough and the Sacramento River, in southwest Sacramento County, CA.
The unassociated funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony
Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously donated his collection in
1951 to the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA
(now California State University, Sacramento). The 10 unassociated
funerary objects are four stone drills, one bone awl, three Haliotis
shell ornaments, and two bone harpoons.
Archeological evidence suggests occupation at the site occurred
during the Middle Horizon through Phase 1 of the Late Horizon. The site
location places CA-SAC-021 in the aboriginal territory of the Plains
Miwok.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, one unassociated funerary
object was removed from CA-SAC-056 (also known as Mosher, Mosler,
Hathaway No. 1, and S-56), located on the east bank of the Sacramento
River near Stone Lake, approximately thirteen miles south of the
confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers, in southwest
Sacramento County, CA. The unassociated funerary objects were in the
possession of Anthony Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously
donated his collection in 1951 to the Department of Anthropology at
Sacramento State College, CA (now California State University,
Sacramento). The one unassociated funerary object is a small charred
Olivella bead.
Archeological evidence suggests occupation at the village occurred
as early as Phase 1 of the Late Horizon. Archeological and ethnographic
records indicate that the site may be Walak, a tribelet center for the
Gualacomne Plains Miwok. The site was occupied historically between the
Mission Period and early Sutter Period from 1769-1845. Mission records
indicate that 67 individuals were baptized from this site, and
historical records note Walak as the first Native American village
visited by pioneer John Sutter.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, two unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-SAC-066 (also known as Morse Mound). The
two unassociated funerary objects may represent bone hair pins or
pendants. The unassociated funerary objects were in the possession of
Anthony Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously donated his
collection in 1951 to the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento
State College, CA (now California State University, Sacramento). CA-
SAC-066 is located within the aboriginal territory of the Plains Miwok.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 51 unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-SAC-072 or CA-SAC-073 (also known as
Herzog, Van Lobensels, or Vorden), located on the west bank of
Snodgrass Slough in southwest Sacramento County, CA. The unassociated
funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private
collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University, Sacramento). The 51 unassociated funerary
objects are seven Haliotis shell ornaments, five charmstones, 17
whistles, six awls, two bone tubes, one modified antler, four modified
bones, four possible bird bone whistle fragments, one biface, one
pestle, and three lots of Olivella shell beads.
Archeological data suggests occupation occurring at CA-SAC-072
during Phase 2 of the Late Horizon, and occupation at CA-SAC-73
occurring sometime during the Middle Horizon. The site locations place
CA-SAC-072 and CA-SAC-73 within the aboriginal territory of the Plains
Miwok Indians.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, four unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-SAC-109 (also known as Drescher, C-109),
located 3.5 miles southeast of Elk Grove in central Sacramento County,
CA. The unassociated funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony
Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously donated his collection in
1951 to the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA
(now California State University, Sacramento). The four unassociated
funerary objects are slate projectile points.
Archeological evidence indicates that occupation occurred at the
site from the Middle to Late Horizon. The site location places CA-SAC-
109 within the aboriginal territory of the Plains Miwok Indians.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, one unassociated funerary
object was removed from CA-SAC-113 (also known as Calhoun #1,
Calquehoun, or C-113), located on private property on the west bank of
the Cosumnes River, east of Elk Grove in Sacramento County, CA. The
unassociated funerary object was in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a
private collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to
the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University, Sacramento). The unassociated funerary
object is one modified bone bead.
This site may represent Sukididi, a subsidiary settlement for the
Shalachmushumne Plains Miwok. It is believed that the village was
abandoned after the 1833 malaria epidemic. A known archeological
historic
[[Page 6134]]
component is not present at the site, and the association with Sukididi
has not been verified. Archeological data from the site indicate that
it was occupied during Phase 2 of the Late Horizon.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 54 unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-YOL-045 (also known as Indian Head or Holy
Ghost), located on the west bank of the Sacramento River, approximately
8.75 miles due south of the confluence of the American and Sacramento
Rivers, in southeast Yolo County, CA. The unassociated funerary objects
were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private collector, who
posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the Department of
Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now California State
University, Sacramento). The 54 unassociated funerary objects are one
sandstone abrader, one incised baked clay, one lot of charred textile
ash, six bone awls, three lots of Olivella shell beads, three lots of
clamshell beads, three obsidian bifaces, one charmstone, one whole
clamshell, 11 Haliotis ornaments, one obsidian projectile point, one
lot of charred seeds, 15 charred textile fragments, three modified bone
tools, one incised bird bone tube, and two bird bone whistles.
CA-YOL-045 is located within the aboriginal territory of the Plains
Miwok. Archeological data indicates occupation occurred during Phase 1
of the Late Horizon.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 11 unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-YOL-053 (also known as the Frank King
Mound), located on private property on the west bank of Elk Slough 2.5
miles southwest of Clarksburg in Yolo County, CA. The unassociated
funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private
collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University, Sacramento). The 11 unassociated funerary
objects are one lot of clam shell beads, one biface, one lot of
miscellaneous organic remains, one lot of small glass fragments, one
Haliotis shell ornament, and six lots of charred textile fragments.
Ethnographic evidence indicates that CA-YOL-053 may have been the
tribelet center for the Ylamne Plains Miwok. Earliest known occupation
occurred from Phase 2 of the Early Horizon and lasted until the Late
Mission Period from 1769 to 1839. The site is believed to have been
abandoned after the 1833 malaria epidemic with survivors shifting
residence to neighboring tribelets and Mission San Jose.
Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, nine unassociated funerary
objects were removed from CA-YOL-054 (also known as Farren Mound),
located on the west bank of Elk Slough, approximately five miles
southwest of Clarksburg, in southeast Yolo County, CA. The unassociated
funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private
collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the
Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now
California State University, Sacramento). The nine unassociated
funerary objects are one lot clamshell beads, two lots of Olivella
shell beads, and six lots of charred textile fragments.
CA-YOL-54 is believed to be associated with the Plains Miwok
village of Siusumne. This association is based on CA-YOL-54 being the
only site in the vicinity of Siusumne lacking a village name and being
of significant size, which is typical of a tribelet center.
Archeological evidence indicates that the lower Sacramento Valley
and Delta regions were continuously occupied since at least the Early
Horizon (5550-550 B.C.). Cultural changes indicated by artifact
typologies and burial patterns, historical linguistic evidence, and
biological evidence reveal that the populations in the region were not
static, with both in situ cultural changes and migrations of outside
populations into the area. Linguistic evidence suggests that ancestral-
Penutian speaking groups related to modern day Miwok, Nisenan, and
Patwin groups occupied the region during the Middle (550 B.C.-A.D.
1100) and Late (A.D. 1100-Historic) Horizons, with some admixing
between these groups and Hokan-speaking groups that occupied the region
at an earlier date. The genetic data suggests that the Penutians may
have arrived later than suggested by the linguistics.
Geographical data from ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources
indicate that the site was most likely occupied by Plains Miwok-
speaking groups at the beginning of the historic period, while Patwin-
speakers occupied the valley west of the Sacramento River and Miwok-
speakers resided south of the American River. Ethnographic data and
expert testimony from Tribes support the high level of interaction
between groups in the lower Sacramento Valley and Delta regions that
crosscut linguistic boundaries. Historic population movements resulted
in an increased level of shifting among populations, especially among
the Miwok and Nisenan who were impacted by disease and Euro-American
activities relating to Sutter's Fort and later gold-rush activities.
In summary, the ethnographic, historical, and geographical evidence
indicates that the cultural items listed above are most closely
affiliated with contemporary descendants of the Plains Miwok with more
distant ties to neighboring groups, such as the Nisenan, Patwin, and
Yokuts. The earlier cultural items from the Middle and Late Horizons
share cultural relations with the Plains Miwok, Nisenan, Patwin, and
Yokuts based on archeological, biological, and historical linguistic
evidence.
Determinations Made by the California State University, Sacramento
Officials of California State University, Sacramento have
determined that:
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(B), the 163 cultural items
described above are reasonably believed to have been placed with or
near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of
the death rite or ceremony and are believed, by a preponderance of the
evidence, to have been removed from a specific burial site of a Native
American individual.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the
unassociated funerary objects to Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk
Indians of California; California Valley Miwok Tribe, California;
Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; Ione Band of
Miwok Indians of California; Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs
Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians
of the Tuolumne Rancheria of California, Wilton Rancheria, California;
United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California;
and two non-Federally recognized Native American groups: El Dorado
Miwok Rancheria; and Nashville-Eldorado Miwok (if joined to the request
of one or more of the foregoing Indian tribes).
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native
Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to claim
these cultural items should submit a written request with information
in support of the claim to Orn Bodvarsson, Dean of the College of
Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J Street,
Sacramento, CA 95819-6109, telephone
[[Page 6135]]
(916) 278-4864, email obbodvarsson@csus.edu, by March 6, 2015. After
that date, if no additional claimants have come forward, transfer of
control of the unassociated funerary objects to Buena Vista Rancheria
of Me-Wuk Indians of California; California Valley Miwok Tribe,
California; Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California;
Ione Band of Miwok Indians of California; Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk
Indians of California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk
Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria of California, Wilton Rancheria,
California; United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of
California; and two non-Federally recognized Native American groups: El
Dorado Miwok Rancheria; and Nashville-Eldorado Miwok (if joined to the
request of one or more of the foregoing Indian tribes) may proceed.
California State University, Sacramento is responsible for
notifying the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California;
Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of
the Colusa Rancheria, California; California Valley Miwok Tribe,
California; Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California;
Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California; Ione Band of
Miwok Indians of California; Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California;
Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California;
Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria
(Verona Tract), California; Susanville Indian Rancheria, California,
Table Mountain Rancheria of California; Tule River Indian Tribe of the
Tule River Reservation, California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of
the Tuolumne Rancheria of California; United Auburn Indian Community of
the Auburn Rancheria of California; Wilton Rancheria, California; Wiyot
Tribe, California (previously listed as the Table Bluff Reservation-
Wiyot Tribe); and Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, California (previously
listed as the Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California)
that this notice has been published. California State University,
Sacramento will also notify El Dorado Miwok Rancheria; and Nashville-
Eldorado Miwok, two non-federally recognized Native American groups.
Dated: December 29, 2014.
Melanie O'Brien,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2015-02182 Filed 2-3-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-50-P
