Spectrum Access for Wireless Microphone Operations, 69387-69417 [2014-26675]

Agencies

• FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 225 (Friday, November 21, 2014)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 69387-69417]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-26675]


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FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

47 CFR Part 74

[GN Docket Nos. 14-166 and 12-268; FCC 14-145]


Spectrum Access for Wireless Microphone Operations

AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This document initiates a proceeding to address how to 
accommodate the long-term needs of wireless microphone users. Wireless 
microphones play an important role in enabling broadcasters and other 
video programming networks to serve consumers, including as they cover 
breaking news and broadcast live sports events. They enhance event 
productions in a variety of settings--including theaters and music 
venues, film studios, conventions, corporate events, houses of worship, 
and internet webcasts. They also help create high quality content that 
consumers demand and value. Recent actions by the Commission, and in 
particular the repurposing of broadcast television band spectrum for 
wireless services set forth in the Incentive Auction R&O, will 
significantly alter the regulatory environment in which wireless 
microphones operate, which necessitates our addressing how to 
accommodate wireless microphone users in the future.

DATES: Comments must be filed on or before January 5, 2015, and reply 
comments must be filed on or before January 26, 2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul Murray, Office of Engineering and 
Technology, (202) 418-0688, email: Paul Murray@fcc.gov, TTY (202) 418-
2989.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by GN Docket Nos. 14-166

[[Page 69388]]

and 12-268, by any of the following methods:
    [ssquf] Federal Communications Commission's Web site: https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs2/. Follow the instructions for submitting 
comments.
    [ssquf] Mail: Paul Murray, Office of Engineering and Technology, 
Federal Communications Commission, Room 6A162.
    [ssquf] People with Disabilities: Contact the FCC to request 
reasonable accommodations (accessible format documents, sign language 
interpreters, CART, etc.) by email: FCC504@fcc.gov or phone: 202-418-
0530 or TTY: 202-418-0432.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a summary of the Commission's Notice 
of Proposed Rulemaking, GN Docket Nos. 14-166 and 16-268, FCC 14-145, 
adopted September 30, 2014, and released September 30, 2014. The full 
text of this document is available for inspection and copying during 
normal business hours in the FCC Reference Center (Room CY-A257), 445 
12th Street SW., Washington, DC 20554. The complete text of this 
document also may be purchased from the Commission's copy contractor, 
Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street SW., Room, CY-B402, 
Washington, DC 20554. The full text may also be downloaded at: 
www.fcc.gov. Pursuant to Sec. Sec.  1.415 and 1.419 of the Commission's 
rules, 47 CFR 1.415, 1.419, interested parties may file comments and 
reply comments on or before the dates indicated on the first page of 
this document. Comments may be filed using the Commission's Electronic 
Comment Filing System (ECFS). See Electronic Filing of Documents in 
Rulemaking Proceedings, 63 FR 24121 (1998).
    [ssquf] Electronic Filers: Comments may be filed electronically 
using the Internet by accessing the ECFS: https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs2/.
    [ssquf] Paper Filers: Parties who choose to file by paper must file 
an original and one copy of each filing. If more than one docket or 
rulemaking number appears in the caption of this proceeding, filers 
must submit two additional copies for each additional docket or 
rulemaking number. Filings can be sent by hand or messenger delivery, 
by commercial overnight courier, or by first-class or overnight U.S. 
Postal Service mail. All filings must be addressed to the Commission's 
Secretary, Office of the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission.
    [ssquf] All hand-delivered or messenger-delivered paper filings for 
the Commission's Secretary must be delivered to FCC Headquarters at 445 
12th St. SW., Room TW-A325, Washington, DC 20554. The filing hours are 
8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. All hand deliveries must be held together with 
rubber bands or fasteners. Any envelopes and boxes must be disposed of 
before entering the building.
    [ssquf] Commercial overnight mail (other than U.S. Postal Service 
Express Mail and Priority Mail) must be sent to 9300 East Hampton 
Drive, Capitol Heights, MD 20743.
    [ssquf] U.S. Postal Service first-class, Express, and Priority mail 
must be addressed to 445 12th Street SW., Washington DC 20554.
    People with Disabilities: To request materials in accessible 
formats for people with disabilities (braille, large print, electronic 
files, audio format), send an email to fcc504@fcc.gov or call the 
Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau at 202-418-0530 (voice), 202-
418-0432 (tty).

Summary of Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    1. In the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), the Commission 
examines wireless microphone users' needs and technologies that can 
address them, and seek comment on a variety of existing and new 
spectrum bands that might accommodate those respective needs. The 
Commission seeks ways of improving access to the TV band spectrum that 
remains available for wireless microphones, as well as how to 
facilitate the transition of wireless microphones out of the 600 MHz 
Band spectrum repurposed for wireless services. In addition, it 
examines access to other spectrum bands where wireless microphones 
currently operate, propose various revisions, and seek comment on 
potential revisions that may better accommodate wireless microphones in 
these bands, while protecting the interests of other users that may 
operate in these bands. Further, the Commission seeks comment on 
proposals for authorizing wireless microphone operations in additional 
spectrum bands, consistent with its overall spectrum management goals. 
The Commission intends to enable the development of a suite of wireless 
microphone devices and applications, and to provide wireless microphone 
users with access to spectrum through efficient and effective sharing 
of the spectrum with other users.

Bands Currently Available for Wireless Microphones

    2. Over the years, the Commission has authorized wireless 
microphone operations in different spectrum bands to accommodate the 
growing use of these devices by different users. The technical and 
operational rules for wireless microphone operations in these different 
bands have varied, depending on the band, and generally are designed to 
enable wireless microphone users to operate in shared bands along with 
other users. The Commission has authorized wireless microphones to 
operate both on a licensed basis, limited to specified users, and on an 
unlicensed basis.
    3. Recent actions affecting operations in the TV bands. In recent 
years, the Commission has taken several actions in three proceedings 
affecting the TV band spectrum--which have involved the repurposing of 
UHF TV band spectrum for wireless services in the 700 MHz band 
(channels 52-69, the 698-806 MHz band), the development of rules for TV 
White Spaces (TVWS) devices in the TV bands, and the repurposing of the 
600 MHz Band that will follow the upcoming incentive auction--that have 
affected and will affect the future availability of spectrum for 
wireless microphone uses in these bands. As discussed throughout the 
NPRM, these proceedings inform the instant proceeding, providing the 
foundation for many of the issues that we are addressing as part of our 
comprehensive evaluation of how to accommodate wireless microphone uses 
both in the near and longer term.
    4. In January 2010, following the repurposing of TV channels 51-69 
in the 700 MHz band for wireless services, the Commission adopted the 
TV Bands Wireless Microphones R&O and FNPRM (WT Dockets 08-166 and 08-
167, ET Docket No. 10-24), 75 FR 9113, March 1, 2010, which required 
that all wireless microphones cease operations on the 700 MHz band no 
later than June 12, 2010, one year after the end of the DTV transition. 
In that decision, the Commission also first authorized unlicensed 
wireless microphone operations in the TV band spectrum (channels 2-51, 
except channel 37), pursuant to a limited waiver and certain part 15 
rules, pending adoption of final rules for unlicensed operations in the 
TV bands.
    5. In September 2010, the Commission adopted the TV White Spaces 
Second MO&O, 75 FR 75814, December 6, 2010, which took several actions 
that affected the availability of the TV band spectrum for wireless 
microphones, including adopting rules pursuant to which wireless 
microphone users and unlicensed TVWS device users would have access to 
unused TV band channels. Specifically, the Commission provided that the 
two unused television channels (where

[[Page 69389]]

available) nearest channel 37 (above and below) would be designated for 
wireless microphone operations and not be made available for TVWS 
devices. The Commission also provided that, to the extent that unused 
TV channels were available for use by both wireless microphones and 
TVWS devices at a particular location, licensed wireless microphone 
operators and certain qualifying unlicensed wireless microphone 
operators could obtain interference protection from TVWS devices by 
reserving channels at the specified locations during the times of 
operation through use of the TV bands databases.
    6. In the Incentive Auction R&O, 79 FR 48441, August 15, 2014, the 
Commission adopted rules to implement the broadcast television spectrum 
incentive auction, which will involve reorganizing the existing 
television band and repurposing a portion of the UHF television band 
for new wireless broadband services, and which will affect wireless 
microphone operations across the current TV bands. The Commission took 
several actions to accommodate wireless microphone operations, 
including making rule revisions to provide additional opportunities for 
wireless microphone operations in the bands that will remain allocated 
for television following the incentive auction, permitting wireless 
microphone operations in the newly-designated 600 MHz Band guard bands, 
and providing for a transition period to give wireless microphone users 
that will need to cease operating in the spectrum repurposed for 600 
MHz Band wireless services sufficient time to replace their equipment 
and move operations to other spectrum bands available for wireless 
microphone uses.
    7. Finally, concurrent with adoption of the Incentive Auction R&O, 
the Commission adopted the TV Bands Wireless Microphones Second R&O to 
broaden the eligibility for wireless microphone operations in the TV 
bands to include entities that regularly utilize a substantial number 
of wireless microphones for large events and productions and which have 
the same needs for interference protection as existing LPAS licensees. 
Specifically, the Commission expanded Part 74 LPAS eligibility to 
include qualifying professional sound companies and operators of large 
venues that routinely use 50 or more wireless microphones.
    8. Table of bands in which wireless microphones are authorized 
today. In the following table, the Commission set forth the bands in 
which wireless microphones and related audio devices generally operate 
today pursuant to the Commission's rules.

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              Frequency band                     Licensed/unlicensed                     Rule part
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.1-26.48 MHz (VHF)......................  Licensed.....................  Part 74.
161.625-161.775 MHz (VHF).................  Licensed.....................  Part 74.
Portions of 169-172 MHz band (VHF)........  Licensed.....................  Part 90.
88-108 MHz (FM)...........................  Unlicensed...................  Part 15.
450-451, 455-456 MHz (UHF)................  Licensed.....................  Part 74.
54-72, 76-88, 174-216, 470-608, 614-698     Licensed and unlicensed......  Part 74 and Part 15 (waiver).
 MHz (VHF and UHF).
944-952 MHz (UHF).........................  Licensed.....................  Part 74.
902-928 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz (ISM bands)...  Unlicensed...................  Part 15.
1920-1930 MHz (unlicensed PCS)............  Unlicensed...................  Part 15.
Ultra-wideband (3.1-10.6 GHz).............  Unlicensed...................  Part 15.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    9. Additional spectrum resources used by wireless microphone 
operators. Apart from operating wireless microphones in the bands where 
wireless microphones are specifically authorized, as identified in the 
table above, some wireless microphone users have gained access to other 
bands for temporary operations under specified conditions. For 
instance, in recent years professional sound engineering companies 
providing major event productions (e.g., major sports events) have 
obtained conditional access to the 1435-1525 MHz band for wireless 
microphone operations on a temporary, location-specific basis pursuant 
to time-limited grants of Special Temporary Authority (STA). In seeking 
temporary access to this spectrum, which is allocated for Aeronautical 
Mobile Telemetry (AMT) services, these parties have represented that 
the spectrum resources otherwise available to them at those locations 
are insufficient to enable them to provide the desired level of 
coverage for scheduled events, and they must fully coordinate their 
operations with representatives of the AMT service.

Overview of Operations Today

    10. Most wireless microphones users today operate their devices on 
a secondary basis in the TV bands, with most operations occurring in 
the UHF TV bands. This use can be attributed to several factors. The TV 
bands have long been licensed for wireless microphone operations by 
broadcasters and similar program producers, where they have had access 
to many unused television channels. In addition, this spectrum has 
favorable propagation conditions, the signals do not suffer 
significantly as a result of body loss, antenna sizes are manageable, 
and there is relatively lower power consumption leading to longer 
battery life--all of which can be helpful for many wireless microphone 
purposes. Manufacturers have supplied numerous devices, operating on 
varying segments of the TV bands that provide a range of users with 
wireless microphones suitable for their different needs. Although there 
has at times been a shortage of sufficient available channels in major 
cities and congested areas, where unused channels are limited and 
numerous microphones might be needed for particular events, the overall 
availability of spectrum in the TV bands has enabled wireless 
microphone users generally to address their needs.

Overall Framework for Addressing Wireless Microphone Needs

    11. The Commission seeks to develop a full record and framework for 
understanding the various needs of different wireless microphone users 
and the types of microphones that effectively can address those needs.

Users and Uses

    12. Given that many different types of users employ wireless 
microphones in a variety of settings, we seek to develop a more 
complete record on the various different users of wireless microphones 
and to better understand their particular needs for wireless 
microphones. Wireless microphone operations range from professional 
uses, with the need for numerous high-performance microphones along 
with other microphones, to the need for a handheld microphone to 
transmit voice communications, to a range of different

[[Page 69390]]

uses and needs for different numbers of microphones in a given setting.
    13. The Commission seeks comment on the different groups of 
wireless microphone operators and their various uses of microphones, 
including the particular applications served by the microphones, the 
types and number of devices used, the extent to which the devices are 
analog or digital, the settings in which they are used, and the 
frequency bands they use. The Commission asks that the different user 
groups, or the manufacturers of products for these groups, provide 
detailed information about the particular nature of wireless microphone 
uses by different groups of users.
    14. The Commission starts by asking for specific information from 
broadcasters, who have relied heavily on access to the TV bands, 
regarding their wireless microphone uses and needs. For instance, what 
are their specific needs for wireless microphones with regard to ENG? 
What kinds of wireless microphones are used, and to what extent are the 
TV bands currently used for these microphones? What is the full range 
of types of devices and applications needed? What is the range of 
quality of microphones that are needed, in terms of performance 
quality, voice representation, latency, etc. The Commission asks that 
commenters discuss the different types of wireless microphones that may 
be needed in for different applications, including the microphones that 
need to have high audio quality as well as those that do not require 
such high fidelity. Recognizing that different numbers of microphones 
may be used in different settings both in studio and on an itinerant 
basis, what number of microphones are used in which settings? Do 
broadcasters make use of bands outside of the TV bands, and if so, in 
what ways and for what type of applications? The Commission asks 
commenters to provide information on the range of devices and types of 
applications that they employ, and the bands in which they operate.
    15. Similarly, The Commission requests information from the other 
licensed users of the TV bands, including movie and cable program 
producers, other content producers, as well as the newly eligible sound 
engineering companies and large venue operators, about their uses and 
needs. It asks for comment on the same types of issues, including 
current uses, the operational environment in which they may operate, 
the numbers that may be used, the range in quality of microphones used, 
the bands used for different wireless microphone applications, etc.
    16. In addition the Commission seeks comment from other wireless 
microphone users, large and small, that use wireless microphones in 
numerous settings. As discussed, these users include convention and 
conference centers, corporations, schools, houses of worship, theme 
parks, music bands, internet webcasts, karaoke bars, and numerous other 
users. What are their particular wireless microphone uses, what types 
of devices do they use, the numbers used depending on the settings, in 
which bands, etc.?
    17. As noted, users range from the professional user, who may 
employ many microphones and coordinate their operations with other uses 
in the band, to the amateur user who may use only one microphone. We 
seek general comment on how the Commission should be thinking about 
these different types of users as it evaluates how to accommodate these 
users and uses over the long term.
    18. The Commission also seeks comment on the nature of the demand 
for wireless microphones by various wireless microphone users. Have 
users been employing more wireless microphones in recent years? Has 
demand for their use changed, and is it growing? It requests that 
commenters provide a full explanation of the nature of their wireless 
microphone uses today and what they anticipate their uses will be in 
the future.

Suitability of Different Bands

    19. The Commission seeks comment on additional ways in which it 
could accommodate various wireless microphone operations in different 
bands, which include a range of frequencies as low as the television 
VHF bands and as high as 7 GHz. These bands also vary in terms of 
potentially available bandwidth, including some with very small channel 
bandwidth. In addition, some of these bands are available for wireless 
microphone use only on a licensed basis, while others only an 
unlicensed basis.
    20. The Commission seeks comment on how the nature of different 
bands, including the propagation features that are associated with 
them, should inform our consideration of how to accommodate wireless 
microphones. For what types of applications is lower band spectrum most 
suitable? What types of uses can be effective in middle or higher 
frequency bands? How much bandwidth is necessary for different types of 
wireless microphone uses? What kinds of applications are most suitable 
for unlicensed operations?

Development, Manufacturing, and Distribution of New Types of Wireless 
Microphones

    21. As the Commission explores how to accommodate wireless 
microphones uses in different bands, it seeks comment on the factors 
that manufacturers take into account as they consider and evaluate 
whether to develop and manufacture new devices for distribution in the 
near and longer term. The Commission seeks general comment here on 
these various factors, and expects that commenters also would address 
these considerations with regard to the discussion specific bands and 
proposals in Section III of the NPRM.
    22. As manufacturers consider developing new wireless microphone 
devices in different bands, to what extent do the propagation features, 
the size of band, that potential availability (or lack of availability) 
of different segments of the band, the extent to which the band allows 
licensed or unlicensed uses, the technical rules (existing or as 
revised), the certainty that the band will continue to be available 
over the long term, or other aspects contribute to the likelihood that 
new devices will be made for a particular band? What factors do 
manufactures consider with respect to developing different types of 
wireless microphones for different users and applications, whether for 
highest audio quality or for communications that does not require such 
performance quality? What kinds of economic factors do manufacturers 
consider? How important are economies of scale? To what extent will 
manufacturers develop microphones that are designed only for niche 
markets? To what extent do considerations of the harmonization of 
potential harmonization of our rules with those of other countries 
affect a manufacturer's decision to develop new microphones?
    23. In addition, assuming the Commission was to adopt revised 
rules, or make available additional spectrum for access by wireless 
microphone operators, it seeks comment on manufacturer's expectations 
regarding the time-to-market for newly developed devices. What factors 
would enable devices to be developed and introduced quickly into the 
marketplace? Based on these factors, are certain bands more likely 
candidates for nearer term introduction of devices than others? What 
factors would result in introduction of new devices only over the 
longer term? What are reasonable timelines for the development, 
manufacture, marketing, and

[[Page 69391]]

distribution for new wireless microphones, and what factors contribute 
to shorter or longer timelines? The Commission invites comment on any 
other related factors that we should consider.

Transition Issues

    24. With the likelihood of there being less UHF television band 
spectrum available for wireless microphone operators following the 
incentive auction, the Commission invites general comment on a range 
issues affecting transitioning of wireless microphone users--whether to 
the use of different devices operating outside of repurposed 600 MHz 
Band spectrum, or the use of devices in different bands that can 
effectively serve their needs in a more efficient fashion.
    25. Although the precise amount of TV bands spectrum that will be 
repurposed will be known only following the auction, we anticipate that 
many wireless microphone users will need to move their operations out 
of the repurposed spectrum no later than 39 months following issuance 
of the Channel Reassignment PN. At the same time, many wireless 
microphone users accessing spectrum that may remain allocated for 
television services may seek to transition to different devices, 
including more efficient digital devices, or replace older devices, 
that may operate both in the bands likely to remain allocated for 
television or in other bands. The Commission invites comment on these 
transition issues, the extent to which they are interrelated, and how 
best to ensure that wireless microphone users transition to new, more 
efficient devices to the full extent possible.
    26. What types of actions would facilitate the transitions that 
will be required in order to accommodate different wireless microphone 
operators' needs over the long term? As the Commission considers these 
various transition issues, what lessons might be drawn from the 
transition of wireless microphone operations out of the 700 MHz band 
following the repurposing of that band? How can we best communicate the 
nature of the transitions along with the necessary actions users must 
undertake to the large community of disparate microphone users? What 
timeframes are needed for users of various size and sophistication to 
plan for, purchase, and install new systems? How is this affected by 
users' decisions to remain in the TV bands or to migrate to other bands 
and types of microphones?
    27. What actions should the Commission, wireless microphone 
manufacturers and distributors, and organizations representing wireless 
microphone users take to facilitate a smooth transition out of the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band, and to promote the use of more efficient 
devices to the extent possible, including devices that operate outside 
of the TV bands? For instance, should users be encouraged to transition 
their operations to new devices that meet their needs in a more 
efficient manner, such as digital devices? Is there a particular role 
that the Commission should play in helping inform consumers of these 
transitions and the types of devices in different bands that can 
accommodate their respective needs?
    28. As the Commission considers these transition issues, it 
requests information on the timeframes that may be necessary for 
design, manufacture, certification, and marketing of new wireless 
microphone devices, such as those that would include any technical 
changes that we may adopt in this proceeding. What considerations or 
factors affect these timeframes? Similarly, the Commission seeks 
comment on the life-cycles and/or replacement cycles associated with 
different wireless microphones. What are the general life cycles 
associated with different wireless microphones, including both high-end 
microphones and consumer devices? What types of factors, other than 
regulatory changes, necessitate replacement or otherwise affect or 
influence decisions by particular users to purchase new equipment? 
Given that different users are continually replacing equipment, what 
steps should the Commission or manufacturers be taking now and in the 
future to help address wireless microphone users' needs over the long 
term?

Operations in Other Countries

    29. The Commission invites comment on whether the regulatory 
schemes for wireless microphone operations in other countries should 
inform our approach in this proceeding. Are there other regulatory 
models that are particularly effective? Would any of those models be 
appropriate for particular bands as we consider revisions to our rules?

Promoting Technological Advances

    30. As the Commission seeks to accommodate the needs of wireless 
microphone operators, it also seeks to leverage technological advances 
that can help ensure that these needs can be met effectively, and in a 
manner that promotes the efficient use of spectrum. The Commission 
explores here the kinds of technological advances that achieve these 
goals.

Advances in Wireless Microphone Radio Technologies

    31. Advances in analog and digital transmission. The Commission has 
already sought comment on the extent to which wireless microphone users 
today use analog or digital devices. Most users in the TV bands 
currently use analog devices, though digital devices increasingly are 
being developed and sold for operations in the TV bands. In other 
bands, devices today may be only analog or digital, or both. The 
Commission seeks to develop a full record here regarding technological 
developments in the basic design of wireless microphones that can 
enable more efficient wireless microphone operations, whether analog or 
digital, and promoting their uses in various spectrum bands.
    32. The Commission begins by asking for comment on the state of 
analog and digital wireless microphone technologies that are available 
for use today. It asks that commenters address the state of 
technologies available in the different bands. Are there improvements 
in analog technologies that are enabling more efficient uses for 
various wireless microphone applications? What are they, and what 
additional efficiency gains are foreseen? What about for digital 
technologies? The Commission asks that commenters provide detailed 
information about the kinds of improvements in digital technologies 
that are being made with respect to microphone's performance 
capabilities for different types of uses.
    33. In those bands in which both analog and digital devices 
operate, to what extent can the use of analog devices or digital 
devices, or some combination of the two, affect whether the spectrum is 
being used most efficiently to serve wireless microphone users' needs? 
While the Commission recognizes, that analog devices may be appropriate 
or necessary at this time for certain types of applications, digital 
devices can be effective for others, and we seek comment on the range 
of efficiency gains that may be possible depending on whether analog or 
digital devices, or a mix of the two, are used.
    34. In particular, the Commission requests that commenters provide 
information on the state of analog and digital technologies that 
operate in the TV bands, and the extent to which operators are using 
the most efficient microphones that can serve their particular needs. 
In earlier proceedings, the Commission has noted that the number of 
analog wireless microphones

[[Page 69392]]

operating on a six-megahertz television channel may be as few as 6-8 
microphones. More recently, manufacturers have developed microphones 
that operate more efficiently, including analog microphones that may 
allow twice that number on a six megahertz channel. The Commission asks 
that commenters provide information technological advancements that 
enable more efficient analog use. To what extent does the number of 
wireless microphones that can be deployed on a channel number depend on 
the power levels used, other operational factors, or the specific 
application(s) for which the wireless microphone is being used? 
Similarly, how many digital devices can operate on a television 
channel, and what operational factors or use factors might affect this 
number?
    35. The Commission also invites comment on analog and digital 
devices in other bands, and the numbers of wireless microphones that 
can be accommodated by use of those particular technologies. In bands 
where analog devices are being used, are they necessary in these bands 
or can digital devices be used instead? What steps can manufacturers 
take to make analog and digital devices more efficient, if any? How 
much more efficient could these devices be, and how many more 
microphones might be able to operate on the same amount of spectrum, 
and for what types of uses? Do manufacturers have plans to take such 
steps, and if not, why not?
    36. The Commission requests that commenters fully address the 
benefits and tradeoffs associated with use of analog and digital 
technologies. In earlier proceedings on the TV bands, wireless 
microphone manufacturers have indicated that analog devices may be 
necessary for certain types of uses (e.g., those with need for high 
quality audio, with lower latency). The Commission seeks to develop a 
full record on this issue, and seek comment on the extent to which this 
may continue to be the case. For what types of applications are analog 
devices necessary or appropriate? For what types of operations are 
digital devices well suited? To what extent are improvements in digital 
technologies (e.g., reductions in latency, improvements in fidelity) 
enabling more wireless microphone applications to be effectively served 
through digital technologies?
    37. Are there rule changes that the Commission can adopt generally, 
or with respect to operations in particular bands, that would help 
promote more efficient use of spectrum by wireless microphone 
operations, whether analog or digital? For instance, are there 
technological standards for wireless microphone devices that should be 
adopted, such as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute 
(ETSI) standards for analog and digital emission masks, that would help 
promote more efficient use? Should such standards apply to particular 
operations in particular bands, or be adopted more generally across 
bands? As more efficient standards are developed, what actions should 
the Commission take to ensure that these standards are utilized by 
wireless microphone manufacturers in the future or that our rules are 
updated where necessary or appropriate?
    38. To the extent more efficient analog or digital devices can 
effectively serve the needs of particular users, the Commission seeks 
comment on how best to encourage wireless microphone users to employ 
these more efficient technologies. Is the transition to more efficient 
devices already occurring? Have users been migrating to the use of more 
efficient wireless microphones, and if so how and why? Are 
manufacturers and distributors taking steps to promote the transition 
to use of more efficient wireless microphones in cases in which those 
microphones would be effective in meeting the needs of the particular 
users? What role should manufacturers and distributors play in this 
respect?
    39. Considering that use of more efficient wireless microphones is 
an important component of accommodating wireless microphone users' 
needs in the future, what actions should the Commission take to 
encourage or promote the use of more efficient technologies? Should it 
require the use of digital technologies for certain types of uses, and 
if so, by what mechanisms would we accomplish that? Should we phase out 
the certification or sale of inefficient wireless microphone 
technologies, and if so, how would we define ``inefficient,'' and in 
what bands and on what timetable?
    40. Use of general purpose wireless standards. The past several 
decades have seen widespread development and deployment of ``general 
purpose'' wireless technology standards that may be used for a wide 
variety of end-user applications. For example, the 802.11 family of 
standards serves as the basis of Wi-Fi technologies in the 2.4, 5 GHz 
bands, and other bands; the DECT standard provides for digital audio 
transmission in the 1920-1930 MHz band; and the LTE standard serves, 
increasingly, as a basis for broadband transmissions in several 
different licensed spectrum bands. The Commission inquires about the 
extent to which these, and other, general purpose technologies are now, 
or will be in the future, suitable for use in the wireless microphone 
context. The Commission is specifically interested to understand what 
kinds of use cases are appropriate for general-purpose wireless 
technologies and which are not. To what extent do general purpose 
technologies increase the ability of wireless microphones to share 
spectrum with other kinds of applications (e.g., in the Wi-Fi bands, 
discussed in Section III.C., of the NPRM), thereby potentially 
increasing the quantity of spectrum available for wireless microphones? 
Could the use of such technologies potentially improve performance and 
reduce cost of wireless microphone equipment? Should the Commission 
endeavor to promote the use of general purpose wireless technologies by 
wireless microphone users? What are the tradeoffs?

Other Technological Advancements

    41. The Commission seeks comment on other technological 
developments that could promote more opportunities for accommodating 
wireless microphone operations in different bands over the longer term. 
Developments in these areas are not mutually exclusive.
    42. Equipment with replaceable components. The Commission seeks 
comment on the development of replaceable components (e.g., modules) 
for the transmitters and receivers in the wireless microphone systems 
that operate on specific frequencies and can be exchanged with 
different components that operate on other frequencies available for 
wireless microphone operations. The use of such components potentially 
could reduce the costs to consumers to the extent changes need to be 
made in the way they operate their microphones in the future, e.g. in 
the event that the certain frequencies are no longer available to them, 
or if they update their equipment to newer, more efficient devices that 
may be capable of dynamically using the spectrum. Do wireless 
microphones today incorporate modular radio components? Do 
manufacturers contemplate including this kind of modularity in future 
models? To what extent would such components mitigate the costs of 
replacing wireless microphones that may no longer be permitted on 
certain frequencies? To what extent do they add new costs? If 
manufacturers are not including these component features, why not? Are 
there performance tradeoffs associated with

[[Page 69393]]

respect to including such components? What steps, if any, should the 
Commission take to promote the use of such microphones in certain 
bands, such as the TV bands?
    43. Tunability of Equipment within Bands. The Commission ask for 
comment on the extent to which equipment is designed to be tunable 
within a band. Which types of microphones are tunable for which types 
of users? Are tunable microphones marketed only to more sophisticated 
users? What costs are associated with designing a tunable wireless 
microphone system? Do manufacturers anticipate developing more tunable 
microphones in the future? The Commission requests that commenters 
explain their considerations when determining whether or not to design 
tunable microphones.
    44. Multi-Band Equipment. The Commission invites comment on the 
extent to which manufacturers are, or in the future will be, developing 
wireless microphones that can operate in more than one spectrum band. 
What kinds of technical or other issues are raised, and to what extent 
would these issues vary to the bands may not be adjacent or nearby? For 
instance, to what extent might this raise design issues (e.g., antenna, 
battery, or other component issues)? Could these devices help ensure 
that users have devices that can meet their needs when operating at 
locations where the availability of spectrum in different bands may 
vary? Could development of such devices promote economies of scale? 
Could they help ensure that users purchasing such devices would be more 
assured of having access to the spectrum resources they need? If there 
were multi-band devices, could this allow greater reliability that the 
microphones could address users' needs depending on the particular 
locations where those wireless microphones were needed? What are the 
tradeoffs with regard to developing such devices?
    45. Use of databases. Wireless microphone technologies today do not 
use a database as a mechanism for indicating to the wireless microphone 
user that particular frequencies in a particular area were available, 
such as at particular locations that were not being used by other users 
with priority over the wireless microphone users. White space devices 
operating in the TV bands must access a database to determine that 
spectrum is available for their operations and that they would not 
potentially be interfering with other users at specified locations and 
times. Would wireless microphone systems potentially benefit from the 
ability to access to a database? Could requiring use of a database for 
gaining access to spectrum in a particular band or identifying 
particular locations and times where they may operate without causing 
interference to other users in the band help to mitigate or eliminate 
the concerns of other users in the band that wireless microphone 
operations might cause harmful interference to these other users? What 
might be the costs and benefits of developing and using a database, and 
would these differ depending on the needs of particular types of 
wireless microphone users?
    46. Electronic key or similar mechanisms. Are there particular 
technologies, such as an ``electronic key'' or similar mechanism, that 
would ensure that a wireless microphone device be able to access and 
operate only on particular frequencies at particular locations and 
times, but nowhere else, thus eliminating the potential for harmful 
interference to other users (such as other users with primary or 
superior spectrum rights are particularly sensitive to harmful 
interference) and by so doing provide additional opportunities for 
wireless microphone operations in bands? Are there other approaches 
that would effectively limit wireless microphone operation to 
particular locations, thus protecting other operators from harmful 
interference? The Commission seeks broad comment on the development and 
use of these types of mechanisms and the tradeoffs or practicalities 
associated with them. Are there particular scenarios or bands in which 
use of these mechanisms could provide additional opportunities to 
access spectrum?
    47. Use of other technologies that promote opportunities to access 
additional spectrum. The Commission seeks comment on other 
technological advancements that could promote greater opportunities for 
wireless microphones to share use of spectrum in different bands. Are 
there technological advances that are currently available or 
contemplated that better enable wireless microphones to adjust 
dynamically to a particular interference environment, either 
automatically or through coordination, to promote more efficient use 
among the wireless microphones or among wireless microphones and other 
users in the band? For instance, could devices that include 
sophisticated dynamic power variability capabilities help promote more 
intensive use of the spectrum resource in a given area? Would these 
more dynamic capabilities enable wireless microphones to vary or adjust 
power levels to minimize or eliminate interference to other users in a 
particular setting, or facilitate more re-use of the available 
spectrum? The Commission invites comment on whether technological 
advances along these lines could both facilitate more efficient use of 
the spectrum while also helping to ensure that they do not cause 
harmful interference to other users of the spectrum. Are there 
technologies that could enable certain wireless microphone applications 
to operate on spectrum licensed to wireless providers, subject to 
agreements reached with such providers? Are there other technological 
advancements that could help accommodate the various different wireless 
microphone users' needs over the longer term? What are they? Are there 
actions the Commission should take to promote these developments so 
that they occur in a timely fashion?

Operations in Specific Bands

    48. In this section, the Commission examines opportunities for 
wireless microphone operations in different spectrum bands--both those 
in which wireless microphones currently are authorized to operate and 
other bands that may hold potential for accommodating wireless 
microphone uses, whether in the near or longer term.

VHF/UHF Television Bands

    49. As set forth in the Incentive Auction R&O, the current VHF/UHF 
television bands (channels 2-51, except channel 37) will be reorganized 
following the upcoming incentive auction. As a result of this auction, 
the amount of spectrum allocated for television services will be 
reduced and repacked, some of the current TV bands spectrum will be 
designated for 600 MHz Band guard bands (including the duplex gap), and 
other TV bands spectrum will be repurposed for 600 MHz Band wireless 
services. These revisions will affect wireless microphone operations, 
which currently operate throughout in existing TV bands, in several 
ways. The Commission seeks comment on wireless microphone operations 
with respect to each of these bands--the TV bands, the 600 MHz Band 
guard bands, and the 600 MHz Band being repurposed for wireless 
services.

Discussion

    50. In this section, the Commission seeks comment on Part 74 rule 
revisions that we can make to accommodate licensed wireless microphone 
(and other LPAS) operations in the VHF and UHF spectrum in the repacked 
TV bands that will continue to be available for TV broadcast services 
following the incentive auction. We also invite comment on how best to 
facilitate the

[[Page 69394]]

smooth transition of wireless microphones out of the repurposed 600 MHz 
Band following the incentive auction.
    51. In this proceeding, the Commission does not address certain 
issues relating to wireless microphone operations in the TV bands and 
in the repurposed 600 MHz Band since these matters will be addressed 
instead in the part 15 proceeding. In particular, we do not here 
address the rules for unlicensed wireless microphone operations in the 
TV bands and the repurposed 600 MHz Band, which will be addressed as 
part of the part 15 proceeding. Similarly, the Commission does not 
address in this proceeding, the technical rules for operations of 
unlicensed wireless microphones in the guard bands, including the 
duplex gap. Nor does it address here the technical rules for licensed 
wireless microphone operations in the duplex gap, since the technical 
issues relating to their operations are intertwined with the technical 
issues concerning unlicensed operations in the duplex gap and 
protection of licensed operations outside of the duplex gap. Finally, 
the Commission will address revisions pertaining to the white spaces 
databases in our part 15 proceeding.

TV Bands

    52. In this proceeding, the Commission invited comments on 
potential revisions to the existing rules for part 74 wireless 
microphones (and other LPAS) operations in the spectrum that will 
remain allocated for TV services following the repacking process. 
Specifically, it invites comment on revisions to the technical rules 
for LPAS operations on the VHF band; on permitting licensed LPAS 
operations on channels in locations closer to the television stations 
(including within the DTV contour), without the need for coordination, 
provided that the television signal falls below specified technical 
thresholds; on adoption of the ETSI emission mask standard for analog 
and digital wireless microphones; and general comment on other 
potential revisions concerning licensed LPAS operations in the TV 
bands.

VHF Band Revisions

    53. Background. Under the existing technical rules for LPAS 
operations under part 74, licensed wireless microphone users that 
operate on a secondary basis in the VHF band (channels 2-13) operate 
generally under the same technical rules as for operations in the UHF 
bands. However, with respect to power levels, VHF band operations are 
restricted to no more than 50 mW, well below the 250 mW levels 
permitted for operations in the UHF bands. The Commission notes that 
several manufacturers have developed wireless microphones that make use 
this VHF spectrum. Our understanding, however, is that licensees make 
only limited use of this band for wireless microphone operations due to 
the limited power levels permitted.
    54. Discussion. The Commission seeks comment on the current uses of 
the VHF television channels for wireless microphone operations, and the 
potential for expanding use of this spectrum for wireless microphone 
operations in the future. Are there technical impediments to making 
greater use of this spectrum for wireless microphones?
    55. In particular, the Commission invites comment on whether it 
should revise the power limits for LPAS operations in the VHF band to 
conform to those applicable for LPAS devices in the UHF television 
band? What would be the benefits or risks associated with making such 
revisions? Due to the propagation characteristics of this band, would 
allowing higher power limits raise concerns regarding potential 
interference to TV stations operating in the VHF bands or the wireless 
video assist devices that operate in the upper VHF band? Would the 
minimum co-channel separation distance of 4 kilometer from the contour 
need to be increased? If so, to what distance? Or could a tiered 
requirement be implemented, such as where wireless microphones 
operating at 50 mW or less could comply with the 4 kilometer separation 
distance, while higher power operations would have to comply with a 
greater separation distance? The Commission asks that commenters 
explain fully the benefits or risks, including the kinds of wireless 
microphone operations that would be facilitated by such changes.
    56. The Commission also invites comment on any other rule revisions 
concerning use of the VHF television spectrum that would facilitate 
more use of this spectrum for wireless microphone operations. It asks 
that commenters provide specifics about any proposals, and address the 
benefits and risks associated with such changes.

Licensed Co-Channel Operations Closer Than Specified Separation 
Distances

    57. In this proceeding, the Commission seeks to develop a more 
extensive record on whether it should permit licensed wireless 
microphone operations on a co-channel basis closer than the generally 
applicable separation distances set forth in our rules, without the 
need for coordination, provided that certain specified conditions at 
the locations where the wireless microphone operations would take 
place. Our goal is to provide more opportunities for licensed wireless 
microphone operations in the spectrum that will continue to be 
allocated for television services where the wireless microphone 
operations would not cause harmful interference to TV operations. 
Permitting such operations could help ensure that licensed operators 
have access to more channels, particularly in indoor locations.
    58. The Commission proposes to allow LPAS licensees to operate co-
channel with television closer to the television station than provided 
by the separation distance rules, including inside the DTV contour, in 
those locations in which the co-channel TV signal is below a specified 
threshold, which would indicate that the over-the-air TV signal 
unlikely to be received or receivable. Provided that an appropriate TV 
signal threshold were established, we believe that such a rule serve to 
ensure that wireless microphone operations could have access to 
additional channels in the TV bands spectrum without causing harmful 
interference to any over-the-air television viewers at those particular 
locations.
    59. If the Commission takes this approach, what would the suitable 
TV signal threshold be? One commenter in the incentive auction 
proceeding proposed that the suitable threshold would be -80 dBm over 
200 kHz. The Commission seeks comment on this threshold, or any other 
suitable threshold. It asks that commenters provide technical analyses 
of the threshold that they propose that we adopt.
    60. In addition, the Commission requests comment on whether, apart 
from establishing such a TV signal threshold, it should adopt any other 
safeguards to ensure that licensed wireless microphone operators comply 
with this threshold and do not otherwise cause harmful interference to 
TV reception. The Commission notes at the outset that because we would 
limit these types of operations to licensed wireless microphone users, 
we would expect such users to have the requisite wireless microphone 
systems, as well as technical and operational abilities, to be able to 
determine the level of the co-channel TV signals at a given location, 
and thus would be able to comply with any threshold rule that we 
adopted. Is this a reasonable expectation? To what extent would a 
wireless microphone operation require a low TV signal to be

[[Page 69395]]

able operate effectively on a co-channel basis? Should we require 
licensed wireless microphone users to register their co-channel 
operations in the TV bands databases, which could provide information 
to any television licensee concerned about possible harmful 
interference? Are there other actions we should take?
    61. As an alternative approach, the Commission seeks comment on 
whether it should permit co-channel licensed wireless microphone 
operations in indoor venues, such as in theaters or music auditoriums. 
Could an appropriate approach towards indoor operations be developed 
that would also effectively preclude harmful interference to any 
potential TV viewers at indoor locations? For instance, could certain 
locations be readily identified where wireless microphone operations 
can be permitted, provided of course that they are operated consistent 
with applicable technical requirements, including power limits and out-
of-bound emissions requirements? Or, considering that in order to 
operate effectively wireless microphones need access to channels that 
are sufficiently interference-free, is it reasonable to expect that co-
channel wireless microphone operations would only take place in indoor 
locations on channels with relatively low or effectively non-existent 
TV signal, and thus conclude that such operations would not be likely 
to effectively harm TV viewers? Some commenters in the incentive 
auction proceeding suggested that such operations may already take 
place without incident. As the Commission explores this approach, it 
seeks comment on the benefits or downsides of allowing licensed 
wireless microphone operations at indoor locations, or at specified 
types of indoor locations. The Commission asks that commenters provide 
any technical analysis bases for their recommendations.
    62. The Commission also invites comment on other approaches that it 
should take on expanding wireless microphone operations on a co-channel 
basis closer to television station operations. Again, commenters 
proposing any alternative approaches should provide technical analyses 
to support their approaches, and discuss the benefits of such an 
approach and how their approaches would not cause harmful interference 
to channels that would be used for wireless microphone operations.

Adoption of ETSI Emission Mask Standards for Analog and Digital 
Wireless Microphones

    63. To promote more efficient use of the available channels in the 
spectrum in the TV bands spectrum, the Commission proposes revising the 
emission masks applicable to wireless microphones and LPAS devices, 
both with respect to analog and digital wireless microphones, to comply 
with the applicable ETSI standards for analog and digital wireless 
microphones that operate over 200 kHz channels. Specifically, the 
Commission proposes to require that emissions from analog and digital 
unlicensed wireless microphones comply with the emission masks in 
Section 8.3 of ETSI EN 300 422-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and 
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 
GHz frequency range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of 
measurement. The Commission believes that requiring wireless 
microphones to meet these tighter emission requirements will protect 
authorized services in adjacent bands from harmful interference, and 
will improve spectrum sharing by wireless microphones. We seek comment 
on this proposal.
    64. In particular, the Commission seeks comment on the benefits of 
requiring unlicensed wireless microphones to comply with the ETSI 
limits, and whether these benefits would outweigh the costs. To what 
extent would adoption of the standards improve the efficiency of 
wireless microphone operations? If so, in what ways? To what extent 
would more microphones, whether analog or digital, be able to make use 
of the TV bands spectrum? Are these limits necessary to protect 
authorized services in adjacent frequency bands? To what extent would 
compliance with the proposed limits improve spectrum sharing by 
wireless microphones? To what extent have wireless microphone 
manufacturers developed wireless microphones that already comply with 
these standards? Would equipment manufacturers have difficulty in 
complying with these limits? Would a requirement to meet the ETSI 
standard affect the cost of a wireless microphone system?
    65. The Commission also seeks comment on whether we should specify 
separate emission masks for analog and digital microphones, or whether 
a single mask is sufficient. For example, ETSI EN 300 422-1 suggests 
that its mask for digital microphones could also be used for analog 
microphones. If we were to decide to adopt these standards, how quickly 
should we require new devices to comply with the new standards? Because 
the ETSI emission masks are defined only over a frequency range of plus 
or minus one megahertz from the wireless microphone carrier frequency, 
we seek comment on the emission limits that should apply outside of 
this frequency range. For example, should this limit be the same as the 
emission limits at the outer edges of the ETSI masks (-90 dBc)? Is some 
other limit more appropriate?
    66. In addition to the ETSI standards, or as an alternative, are 
there other technical standards that the Commission should adopt to 
promote more efficient use of the spectrum available for wireless 
microphone operations in the TV bands? If so, the Commission asks that 
commenters explain the bases for adoption of these standards, along 
with the associated benefits or potential costs. How quickly should the 
Commission require that wireless microphones comply with such 
standards?

Other TV Bands Revisions

    67. The Commission also seeks comment generally on whether the 
Commission should adopt any other rule revisions for operations of 
wireless microphones in the TV bands spectrum that would facilitate 
more effective and efficient operations in these bands in a manner that 
would be consistent with the secondary status of LPAS operations in the 
band. To the extent that commenters contend that other rule revisions 
would be appropriate, the Commission asks that commenters provide 
detailed information on reasons for the proposed changes and the types 
of specific rules that they advocate.

Eligibility for Licensed Operations in the Duplex Gap

    68. In the Incentive Auction R&O, the Commission provided that 
broadcasters and cable programming networks using wireless microphones 
on a licensed basis would be able to obtain interference protection 
from unlicensed devices in a portion of the duplex gap at specified 
times and locations, on an as-needed basis. The Commission is 
addressing the technical issues concerning licensed wireless microphone 
operations in the duplex gap in the companion part 15 proceeding.
    69. The Commission seeks comment on whether it should expand 
eligibility for licensed wireless microphone operations in the duplex 
gap to include all of the entities eligible for part 74 LPAS licenses 
in the TV bands. Would expanding eligibility to those entities

[[Page 69396]]

eligible for part 74 LPAS licenses in the TV bands create problems for 
broadcasters or cable programming networks operating on this spectrum, 
or would these different users for the most part operate at different 
locations, such that their operations would not likely interfere with 
each other?

Transition Out of the 600 MHz Band Repurposed for Wireless Services

    70. The Commission seeks comment on how best to facilitate a smooth 
transition as wireless microphone and other LPAS users cease their 
operations on the repurposed 600 MHz Band frequencies no later than the 
end of the post-auction transition period (i.e., 39 months after the 
issuance of the Channel Reassignment PN). Achieving a smooth transition 
will involve actions by the Commission, by manufacturers and 
distributors of wireless microphones, and by the various wireless 
microphone operators themselves, both licensed and unlicensed users. 
Although the specific UHF band frequencies that will be repurposed for 
600 MHz Band wireless services will not be known until following the 
incentive auction, beginning preparation for transition as soon as 
possible will contribute to a smoother transition.
    71. The Commission also seeks comment on steps it should take to 
facilitate a smooth transition in which wireless microphone operations 
vacate the repurposed spectrum in the 600 MHz Band. The Commission asks 
for comment on the extent to which consumer education and outreach can 
help to achieve this goal, and the means by which information can be 
made available to wireless microphone users in order to inform them of 
the need to vacate the band. The Commission also requests that 
commenters address whether labeling requirements, such as point of sale 
disclosure, can help to facilitate the transition. In addition, it 
proposes revising our rules to prohibit certification of part 74 
wireless microphones that operate in repurposed 600 MHz Band spectrum 
beginning nine months after the release of the Channel Reassignment PN, 
and to prohibit the manufacture, import, sale, offer for sale, or 
shipment of such wireless microphones in the 600 MHz band in the United 
States, 18 months after the release of the Channel Reassignment PN. 
Finally, we propose to modify by rule LPAS licenses with frequencies 
that will be in the repurposed 600 MHz band and to delete these 
frequencies from LPAS licenses because they will not be available for 
such use after the end of the transition.
    72. In addition to the specific issues the Commission raise, 
comments should discuss how particular steps will promote ready access 
to the repurposed spectrum by 600 MHz Band wireless licensees, while at 
the same time providing for an orderly transition process for secondary 
and unlicensed users that currently are serving various important 
consumer needs using this spectrum.

Consumer Education and Outreach; Disclosure Requirements

    73. The Commission seeks comment on how to inform users of wireless 
microphones on the steps necessary to prevent interference to new 
wireless operations in the 600 MHz spectrum, consistent with the 
Commission's goals expressed in the Incentive Auction R&O. The 
Commission anticipates that there will be a need for significant 
education and outreach directed at wireless microphone users that must 
commence well before the auction and continue for a number of years 
beyond the end of the 39-month transition period. These education and 
outreach efforts must be undertaken by the Commission, manufacturers, 
wireless microphone users groups, and relevant trade publications and 
other possible sources of information for wireless microphone users. As 
a companion to these efforts to educate consumer awareness on 
developments concerning the operation of wireless microphones, the 
Commission also proposes requiring that written disclosures accompany 
new devices at the point of sale to provide further education to 
wireless microphone users on the devices' operations.
    74. Consumer Education and Outreach. The commission seeks comment 
on the consumer education and outreach efforts that should be employed 
to educate wireless microphone users, particularly unlicensed users 
operating in the repurposed 600 MHz band. Our goals are to make 
information available so users are aware that they must cease operating 
their wireless microphones on the repurposed 600 MHz Band no later than 
the end of the transition period (i.e., 39 months after the release of 
the Channel Reassignment PN); to set in motion a process so they are 
aware of relevant factors concerning the operation of wireless 
microphones that are currently in use; and to establish a means for 
users to locate additional spectrum and equipment for their operations. 
A successful consumer education and outreach campaign will involve the 
Commission staff working with a broad group of interested entities, 
including wireless microphone manufacturers, wireless microphones 
users, and user representatives.
    75. Given that a portion of the UHF spectrum that is currently used 
and available for wireless microphone operations may no longer be 
available following the incentive auction, the Commission seeks comment 
on how wireless microphone users can be provided access to information 
on the specific frequencies and the geographic areas of repurposed 
spectrum that will no longer be available for wireless microphone use 
at the end of the transition. What specific information should be 
provided to wireless microphone users to ensure that they know the 
requirements for operating in the repurposed spectrum during the 
transition period and the need to exit the band by the end of the 
transition? Although the Channel Reassignment PN will provide 
information on the spectrum that will be repurposed and no longer 
available for wireless microphones, first the Commission seeks comment 
on what steps can be taken to provide wireless microphone users with 
information on the transition prior to the auction. For example, it 
seeks comment on whether explanations could be provided on the 
Commission's Web site and on the Web sites of manufacturers that would 
explain the steps required under the Commission's rules to vacate the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band, and any information on alternative spectrum 
that is currently available outside of this spectrum, as well any 
additional spectrum bands that may become available for wireless 
microphone operations beyond those already provided for in the rules.
    76. What other means should be employed to provide wireless 
microphone users notice of the repurposed spectrum that will be 
assigned to new wireless licensees, including the specific frequencies 
in the UHF spectrum and the geographic locations that will no longer be 
available for wireless microphone operations? The Commission seeks 
comment on whether it would it be beneficial for wireless microphone 
users to have access to a database that identifies spectrum in the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band. For example, should some form of online 
mapping tool be made available to allow users to enter the location and 
operating frequencies of a wireless microphone and determine whether it 
operates in the repurposed 600 MHz Band? In the event that a database 
or similar approach is adopted, the Commission seeks comment on who 
should be responsible for developing and maintaining (hosting) it, 
including

[[Page 69397]]

who should be responsible for its cost. Commenters should provide 
quantitative and qualitative data on costs and benefits of their 
proposals.
    77. Further, should the Commission work with wireless microphone 
manufacturers to obtain information on models of wireless microphones 
that the Commission could list on its Web site? For example, this 
information could include a list of all models of wireless microphones 
sold in the U.S., and all wireless microphone models that operate in 
the repurposed 600 MHz Band, as well as where on the device or in its 
product literature the user could look to determine the frequencies on 
which it is capable of operating. The Commission seeks comment on 
whether making this type of information publically available would help 
to facilitate a smooth transition from the 600 MHz Band. It also seeks 
comment on the costs and benefits of this approach, as well as 
alternative approaches.
    78. In addition to steps that may involve manufacturers, the 
Commission seeks comment on what steps other parties associated with 
the sale and operation of wireless microphones may be able to take to 
provide users with information relevant to the transition. These other 
parties may include: Wireless microphone distributors and retailers; 
parties that lease or manage wireless microphones; trade associations 
and user groups, including those that have participated in Commission 
proceedings concerning wireless microphones; organizations that host 
Web sites and publish information that addresses wireless microphone 
operations and use or are reasonably expected to have significant 
numbers of wireless microphone users among their members and readers; 
and engineering and industry associations or other groups with members 
that use or operate wireless microphones. Involvement in education and 
outreach by these parties will be essential, given users' investment in 
wireless microphone equipment and the upcoming changes regarding 
wireless microphone use, including the requirement that they vacate the 
600 MHz Band. Further, it is important that education and outreach 
extend to information concerning any newly-allocated spectrum for 
wireless microphone operations and the potential for users to opt for a 
suite of wireless microphones operating in different spectrum bands and 
with different capabilities, depending on the user's specific 
requirements. The Commission notes that wireless microphone users can 
encompass a wide range of entities, including both licensed and 
unlicensed users, and parties with differing levels of wireless 
microphone needs and expertise covering many different applications. 
Based on these considerations, it is likely that the need for 
information on the various spectrum bands that will be available for 
wireless microphone operations, and the conditions specific to each, 
will be vital. The Commission seeks comment on these matters, and on 
what steps can be taken to assure that the information to educate users 
on the transition will be commensurate with the appropriate needs and 
levels of expertise of all users.
    79. The Commission seeks comment on what additional information it 
should make available for wireless microphone users, including 
Commission-issued consumer ``fact sheets'' and ``frequently asked 
questions'' (FAQ's) which would address, among other matters, 
information on operation in the 600 MHz Band, the reason for the need 
to operate on frequencies outside of that band following the 
transition, the availability of other frequency bands for wireless 
microphone use, and the need to comply with Commission rules. The 
Commission further seeks comment on how to release or distribute these 
materials in order to most effectively and efficiently reach the target 
audience of wireless microphone users.
    80. The Commission seeks comment on the specific actions that 
wireless microphone manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other 
entities comprising the wireless microphone community should take to 
inform the wide range of wireless microphone users about the ongoing 
developments concerning wireless microphone use--particularly the need 
to vacate the repurposed 600 MHz Band, the timetable for doing so, and 
the conditions for operating in the band during the transition period. 
The Commission seeks comment on whether and to what extent these 
entities can make this type of information available, including, as 
appropriate, by posting it on their Web sites, including it in all 
sales literature, or taking other steps to inform current or potential 
wireless microphone users of matters concerning the operation of their 
devices. The Commission also seeks comment on whether manufacturers 
would consider rebates, equipment trade-ins, or similar programs to 
facilitate the transition, and what effect the 39-month transition 
period would have on a decision to implement such a program. In 
addition, we seek comment on the economic costs and benefits of 
adopting consumer outreach measures.
    81. Disclosure Requirements. The Commission proposes to revise its 
point-of-sale disclosure requirement that the Commission adopted in the 
Wireless Microphone Report and Order in order to provide information to 
wireless microphone users that may have to purchase or lease new 
equipment so that they can vacate the repurposed 600 MHz Band. In the 
TV Bands Wireless Microphones Report and Order, the Commission adopted 
a point-of-sale requirement to help assure that consumers were informed 
of their rights and obligations if they chose to operate wireless 
microphones and other low power auxiliary stations in the core TV bands 
(defined in the rule as channels 2-51, excluding channel 37). 
Specifically, the Commission adopted a requirement for manufacturers 
and distributors of wireless microphones that operate in the core TV 
bands to provide a written disclosure informing consumers of the 
requirements for operating devices in that spectrum and to display the 
disclosure at the point of sale and on their Web sites. The Commission 
also provided that persons who manufacture or market wireless 
microphones destined for export and capable of operating in the 700 MHz 
Band must include labeling stating that the devices cannot be used in 
the United States.
    82. The Commission proposes to revise the existing point-of-sale 
disclosure requirement in order to facilitate a smoother transition in 
which wireless microphone users are informed of the need to vacate the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band, while fully understanding their rights and 
obligations during the transition period and at the end of the 
transition period. With regard to sales of wireless microphones that 
are capable of operating in repurposed spectrum, it proposes to require 
that such sales include point-of-sale disclosures that inform buyers 
that they are buying a microphone that cannot be used in certain 
frequencies following the transition. The Commission also seeks comment 
on how point-of-sale disclosures could be designed to effectively 
address any ban on manufacturing and marketing of wireless microphones 
that are capable of operating in the repurposed 600 MHz Band. The 
Commission proposes that the revised point-of-sale disclosures should 
direct buyers to the manufacturer's toll free telephone number or the 
manufacturer's Web site where the buyer can obtain more detailed 
information on the extent to which the microphone may be affected by 
repurposing the600 MHz Band.

[[Page 69398]]

Should it retain the existing language in the point-of-sale disclosure 
requirement that includes the Commission's toll free number and the 
Commission's Web site where users can obtain additional information on 
the operation of wireless microphones during the transition period and 
after the transition period? What other information should be included 
in the disclosure?
    83. The Commission proposes that the effective date for any 
disclosure requirement, including a point-of-sale requirement, which it 
may adopt in connection with this or a related proceeding, shall be 18 
months after the release of the Channel Reassignment PN--which will 
mark the effective date of channel reassignments based on the repacking 
process, specify any specific channel assignments for television 
stations that will continue to broadcast, and start the clock running 
on the post-auction transition period--or should some other date be 
used instead? The Commission seeks comment on the particular factors 
that should enter into this determination. It notes that in adopting 
the current disclosure requirement, the Commission stated that it would 
remain in effect until the effective date of the final rules adopted in 
response to the 2010 TV Bands Wireless Microphones FNPRM.

Post-Auction Prohibition of the Certification, Manufacture, or 
Marketing of LPAS Devices Operating on the 600 MHz Band

    84. All wireless microphones that now operate in the TV bands are 
certified as compliant with Part 74, Subpart H of the Commission's 
rules. The Commission decided in the Incentive Auction R&O that all 
wireless microphones that operate in the portion of the TV bands that 
will be repurposed for licensed wireless services may continue to 
operate in that spectrum during the post-auction transition period but 
must cease those operations no later than 39 months after release of 
the Channel Reassignment PN. At the end of the post-auction transition, 
licensed microphones will be permitted to operate in a portion of the 
duplex gap, and unlicensed wireless microphones will be permitted to 
operate in the guard bands and duplex gap.
    85. Because of these future changes in the permitted operating 
frequency range for wireless microphones, plus the rule changes for 
these devices that we propose in the NPRM and in the Part 15 NPRM, the 
Commission need to establish cutoff dates for the certification, 
manufacturing, and marketing of wireless microphones in the repurposed 
spectrum to ensure that manufacturers cease making and marketing 
equipment that cannot be legally used after a certain date. Cutoff 
dates will encourage manufacturers to concentrate on developing 
wireless microphones that operate in compliance with new part 74 and 
part 15 rules. Because similar technical requirements would apply to 
both licensed and unlicensed wireless microphones, the Commission 
proposes to apply to both the same transition rules for certification, 
manufacturing, and marketing. This approach would be the least 
disruptive to wireless microphone manufacturers and users. The NPRM 
addresses these issues for licensed wireless microphones, and the Part 
15 NPRM addresses these issues for unlicensed wireless microphones.
    86. Because wireless microphones will no longer be authorized to 
operate in the 600 MHz Band beyond 39 months after the release of the 
Channel Reassignment PN, the Commission proposes revising its rules to 
prohibit the certification, manufacture, import, sale, lease, offer for 
sale or lease, or shipment (collectively, ``manufacture or marketing'') 
of wireless microphones devices intended for use in the repurposed 600 
MHz Band in the United States. The Commission proposes taking this 
action pursuant to its authority under section 302(a) of the 
Communications Act.
    87. The Commission proposes this prohibition to ensure that 
wireless microphones will vacate the 600 MHz spectrum by the end of the 
transition. This action would be consistent with Commission actions 
when it required wireless microphones to cease operating in the former 
TV bands that were repurposed for 700 MHz Band wireless services and 
prohibited the manufacturer and marketing of wireless microphones 
intended for use in the 700 MHz Band. The Commission is concerned that 
without this prohibition there may be greater potential for 
unauthorized use in the repurposed 600 MHz Band, given the difficulty 
in educating users about the scope of the devices' operations and 
problems we may otherwise encounter in enforcing a requirement that all 
wireless microphones users leave the band by the end of the transition. 
The Commission seeks comment on this proposal. It notes, however, that 
some frequencies may not be cleared nationwide as a result of the 
incentive auction, creating some impaired blocks in the 600 MHz Band. 
The Commission proposes that parties may no longer submit applications 
to certify part 74 wireless microphones that operate in repurposed TV 
spectrum beginning nine months after the release of the Channel 
Reassignment PN. It also proposes that we will not certify wireless 
microphones under part 74 that would operate in the 600 MHz guard bands 
or the unlicensed portion of the duplex gap. The Commission seeks 
comment on these proposals. In particular, it seeks comment on the 
appropriateness of the proposed cutoff dates. Should we provide longer 
or shorter time periods? Should we also require that, in any event, 
parties may not submit applications to certify wireless microphones 
that operate in repurposed TV spectrum later than 24 months after the 
effective date of the service rules we adopt in this proceeding, and 
microphones that do not comply with the new rules may not be 
manufactured and marketed later than 33 months after the effective date 
of the service rules the Commission adopts in this proceeding?
    88. The Commission also proposes that the effective date of any 
prohibition on manufacturing or marketing these devices will be 18 
months after the release of the Channel Reassignment PN. The Commission 
notes that the particular frequencies that will need to be vacated will 
not be known until the release of the Channel Reassignment PN, although 
parties have been on notice since at least 2012 that wireless 
microphones may have to transition out of portions of the 600 MHz Band. 
The Commission also seeks comment on the extent to which manufacturers 
and other entities have already begun to educate current and potential 
wireless microphone users about the potential for a transition out of 
the 600 MHz Band. In addition, the Commission seeks comment on the 
economic costs and benefits of different effective dates for the 
proposed prohibition on manufacturing or marketing.
    89. Finally, to the extent that the Commission determines to 
prohibit such manufacture or marketing, we propose that any such ban 
would not apply to devices manufactured in the United States solely for 
export. It seeks comment on this proposal.

Modification of LPAS Licenses To Remove Authorization for Operations on 
the 600 MHz Band

    90. Pursuant to our authority under Section 316 of the 
Communications Act, the Commission proposes to modify existing LPAS 
licenses, to the extent necessary, to delete frequencies identified as 
repurposed for the 600 MHz Band in the Channel Reassignment PN, 
effective on the date that the post-auction transition period ends. The 
Commission has already taken action in

[[Page 69399]]

the TV Bands Wireless Microphones Second Report and Order adopted 
earlier this year to ensure that any LPAS licenses granted between the 
effective date of that order and the end of the post-auction transition 
period would be subject to the condition that operation in the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band must cease by the end of the post-auction 
transition period.
    91. The Commission's proposed actions in the instant proceeding 
would similarly modify, to the extent necessary, all other LPAS 
licenses granted prior to the effective date of TV Bands Wireless 
Microphone Second Report and Order that authorize operations on 
frequencies that will be repurposed for the 600 MHz Band. In addition, 
the Commission proposes that following these license modifications, the 
LPAS licenses will continue to include authorization to use all 
frequencies currently included in those licenses other than the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band. Finally, we propose that if a licensed user 
must cease operations of a wireless microphone prior to the end of the 
post-auction transition period (i.e., because it causes harmful 
interference to any 600 MHz licensee's operations), the license 
relating to that wireless microphone will be modified automatically 
without Commission action to delete the authorization to operate on the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band, effective on the date that operations are 
required to cease.
    92. The Commission seeks comment on these proposals, and on the 
extent to which their adoption would promote the public interest by 
facilitating the clearing of all licensed wireless microphone 
operations from the repurposed 600 MHz Band by the end of the 
transition period.

26.100-26.480 MHz, 161.625-161.775 MHz, 450-451 MHz, and 455-456 MHz 
Bands

    93. The Commission seeks comment on the current use of these bands 
for wireless microphone operations, and the future for more expansive 
use of these bands. What particular types of wireless microphones are 
used in the bands, and for which types of applications are they best 
suited. Considering the small bandwidths available in each of these 
bands, what kinds of limitations are there on the types of applications 
that can be served using these bands? How many microphones can operate 
on these bands using today's technologies? Are there technological 
advances that may promote more intensive use? The Commission seeks 
comment on any potential revisions that it should make to facilitate 
the use of these bands for wireless microphone operations.

88-108 MHz FM Band

    94. Background. Over the years there have been some wireless 
microphone operations in the 88-108 MHz FM band on an unlicensed basis. 
As discussed, wireless microphone operations on this spectrum was 
permitted before wireless microphones were authorized to access any 
channels in the TV bands. Wireless microphones that comply with the 
rules for unlicensed device operations in this band, as sets forth in 
Sec.  5.239 of our part 15 rules, may operate on no more than a 200 kHz 
bandwidths with low emissions (field strength of emissions must not 
exceed 250 microvolts/meter at 3 meters).
    95. Discussion. To what extent do wireless microphone users 
continue to make use of this band for their operations? If so, for what 
types of wireless microphone applications? To what extent will use of 
the spectrum in this band be useful for accommodating wireless 
microphone users' needs in the future? Are there any rule revisions 
that would facilitate use of this spectrum while also preserving these 
channels for use by the primary FM broadcast services? The Commission 
asks that commenters proposing any rule revisions submit technical 
information in support of their proposals, as well as analysis of the 
benefits of such revisions and likely impact on FM broadcasters.

169-172 MHz Band

    96. Background. Under the Commission's part 90 rules, entities 
eligible to hold a Public Safety Pool or Industrial/Business Pool 
license may operate wireless microphones on a secondary basis on 
certain frequencies in the 169-172 MHz band, which is allocated 
primarily for federal use. Specifically, these rules permit wireless 
microphones to be operated on only eight frequencies: 169.445 MHz, 
169.505 MHz, 170.245 MHz, 170.305 MHz, 171.045 MHz, 171.105 MHz, 
171.845 MHz, and 171.905 MHz. The emission bandwidth may not exceed 54 
kHz, the frequency stability of the microphones must limit the total 
emission to within  32.5 kHz of the assigned frequency, and 
operations may not exceed an output power level of 50 milliwatts. 
Entities eligible to operate wireless microphones under the part 90 
rules include a variety of users, including those eligible to hold LPAS 
licenses under part 74 as well as many other entities, including: state 
and local government entities; commercial entities in general; 
educational, philanthropic or ecclesiastical institutions; clergy; 
hospitals; clinics; and medical associations.
    97. Wireless microphone operations are not protected from other 
licensed operations in the band and must not cause interference to any 
government or non-government operations, and wireless microphone 
license applications are subject to government coordination. The 
federal systems in the band are required to be capable of narrowband 
operations on 12.5 kHz channels. The other non-federal licensed 
operations in the band, which also are secondary to the federal 
allocation in the band, operate on narrowband channels and include: (1) 
operations by licensees on 36 specified assignable channels, no larger 
than 11.25 kHz, between 169.425 MHz and 171.925 MHz, for the purpose of 
transmitting hydrological or meteorological data: (2) operations by 
licensees on 9 assignable channels, no larger than 11.25 kHz, between 
170.425 MHz and 172.375 MHz, for forest firefighting and conservation 
purposes (four assignable east of the Mississippi River and five 
assignable west of the Mississippi River); and (3) operations 
assignable on one 11.25 kHz channel for public safety activities; and 
remote pickup broadcast stations on one 12.5 kHz channel at 170.15 MHz 
in certain parts of the country.
    98. In the 2010 TV Bands Wireless Microphones R&O and FNPRM, the 
Commission sought comment on whether it should revise these part 90 
rules to facilitate broader wireless microphone use in these 
frequencies. Some commenters in that proceeding suggested that 
operating in this band may offer additional opportunities for some 
licensed wireless microphone operations, though several indicated that 
wireless microphone operations under these rules may not currently 
provide a viable option for all wireless microphone users, particularly 
where ``premium professional audio quality'' is required. One comment 
also indicated that the few available frequencies were insufficient 
except for small users.
    99. In this proceeding, the Commission requests information about 
the current use of spectrum in the 169-172 MHz band for wireless 
microphone operations, and it requests comment on the potential for 
more expansive and intensive use of this spectrum. In particular, the 
Commission ask for comments on different ways in which the spectrum in 
the band could be used for wireless microphone operations without 
interfering with the federal operations, and the other secondary 
services that may use portions of this band at particular locations. 
The

[[Page 69400]]

Commission also inquires about the technical rules that we should adopt 
were we to authorize additional wireless microphone use of this band.
    100. Commenters should provide information about how this spectrum 
is currently used by wireless microphones and describe the specific 
uses and applications for such devices under part 90. In particular, 
the Commission asks that commenters address why relatively few entities 
are licensed to operate wireless microphones in this band. To what 
extent, for instance, does the relatively narrow bandwidth permitted 
under Part 90 (with 54 kHz emission mask limitation) affect the audio 
quality and the types of usage on those frequencies when compared with 
part 74 LPAS systems in the TV bands (permitting as much as 200 kHz)?
    101. The Commission also seeks comment on whether and what steps it 
could take to make the existing frequencies a more viable option for 
more wireless microphone users. The applicable technical rules are over 
thirty years old, and the Commission seeks comment on the extent of 
subsequent technical improvements in wireless microphone technology in 
this band. The Commission also seeks comment on the technical 
specifications of current microphones in this band and what rule 
changes would be necessary to enable improved fidelity to support 
additional wireless microphone applications.
    102. Commenters should also discuss the potential for future 
wireless microphone use in these frequencies, as well as how revisions 
could make this spectrum more useful for wireless microphone 
applications. Since the current channels available for microphones 
include four sets of channels that are close to each other, one 
possible action we might take would be to allow wireless microphone 
licensees to combine each of the neighboring sets of channels with each 
other, making four channels with larger bandwidth available for 
wireless microphone operations. For instance, the authorizations for 
operating on channels 169.445 MHz and 169.505 MHz could be combined, 
allowing for operations across the two channels over a bandwidth of 
approximately 120 kHz, with the center frequency being at 169.475 MHz. 
Would allowing these channels to be combined to this larger bandwidth 
accommodate additional wireless microphone uses, and do commenters 
support such action? Commenters also should discuss whether such a 
revision would increase the likelihood of interference to federal use 
or other secondary non-federal use of the spectrum, and whether the 
rules also should include additional provisions to protect these other 
users.
    103. Another approach would be to make as much of the 169-172 MHz 
band as possible available for wireless microphone use on a secondary 
basis. Secondary operations are not normally coordinated with primary 
operations. Given the relatively low power of wireless microphones and 
the limited nature of their use we believe the risk to primary services 
is relatively small except perhaps in rare instances of operation in 
close proximity. Nevertheless, are there certain circumstances where 
coordination with the federal government or other incumbent services 
may be appropriate? What impact might this have on wireless microphone 
operations in the band, as well as on other operations in the band? 
Alternatively, should certain areas be excluded for licensed wireless 
microphones operating in this band? In considering this possible 
expansion of wireless microphone use across the band, the Commission 
notes that there are many locations, or many frequencies at particular 
locations, where the spectrum is not being used either by the federal 
government or by other secondary users. The Commission seeks comment on 
whether wireless microphone licensees should be allowed to operate on 
channels of bandwidths up to 200 kHz (if available at particular 
locations), the same as permitted in the TV bands, and in addition 
should be required to comply with the ETSI standards that we are 
proposing to adopt with respect to wireless microphone operations under 
the technical rules for LPAS device operations in the TV bands and 
other bands. The Commission seeks comment on this approach, and whether 
such an approach could be designed in such a way as to protect federal 
and other secondary operations from interference from wireless 
microphone operations. Under this approach, to what extent could 
certain types or locations of wireless microphone use (e.g., indoor 
uses) more easily be accommodated? If the Commission were to provide 
authorization for more expansive use by wireless microphones licensees, 
it seeks comment on the service rules that we should adopt. The 
Commission also seeks comment on the technical rules that should apply 
for wireless microphone operations. For instance, under this approach, 
to what extent should we adopt other technical requirements that would 
apply to LPAS devices that operation in the VHF TV bands that currently 
apply (including restricting power to 50 mW, the same as permitted 
wireless microphones currently in the 169-172 MHz band), or under our 
proposed revisions for operations in the TV VHF band (which would 
permit higher power levels, up to 250 mW)?
    104. In addition, the Commission seeks comment on any other 
approaches it could take to facilitate wireless microphones operations 
in the 169-172 MHz band. Commenters proposing other approaches should 
provide the rationale for such approaches, including how those 
approaches could be designed to protect incumbent operations of other 
services in the band. To the extent that the Commission revises 
technical rules to provide more access to spectrum in these bands, it 
asks that manufacturers address how quickly new devices might be 
manufactured and made available in the marketplace. Are there other 
equipment issues that we should address?

944-952 MHz Band and Adjacent 941-944 MHz and 952-960 MHz Bands

    105. Under current rules, broadcasters and broadcast network 
entities already are permitted to operate wireless microphones and 
other LPAS devices in 8 megahertz of spectrum in the 944-952 MHz band 
on a licensed basis. In this section, the Commission seeks comment 
generally on LPAS operations in the 944-952 MHz band, and it proposes 
to adopt the ETSI standards for analog and digital wireless microphone 
operations and to expand eligibility for licensed LPAS operations to 
include the same additional entities that currently are eligible to 
operate LPAS devices on a licensed basis in the TV bands. The 
Commission also proposes to permit LPAS operations on a licensed basis 
in portions of the two spectrum bands immediately adjacent to the 944-
952 MHz band (941-944 MHz and 952-960 MHz bands), which potentially 
could enable licensed wireless microphone users access to up to 
nineteen megahertz of spectrum across the 941-960 MHz frequencies, 
depending of course on the availability of unused spectrum across these 
frequencies.

944-952 MHz Band

    106. The Commission requests that commenters provide information 
about the current uses of this band for licensed wireless microphone 
operations, as well as the potential for more intensive use of this 
band for these operations among the other broadcast services that use 
the band. How extensively do LPAS licensees make use of this 8-
megahertz band, and in what types of locations? How much spectrum is 
available for wireless microphone

[[Page 69401]]

uses in the band, considering that the other authorized services are 
point-to-point operations are at fixed locations? The Commission seeks 
comment on both outdoor and indoor uses. For what types of wireless 
microphone operations is that band used? What are the advantages and 
disadvantages of using this band for wireless microphone operations?
    107. Similarly, the Commission requests comment on the potential 
for more intensive use of this band in the future. Considering that 
less spectrum may be available for wireless microphone operations in 
the UHF television bands, do licensees expect to make greater use of 
this band in this band, including migration particular types of uses to 
this spectrum when they are spectrum-constrained in the TV bands? If 
so, for what types of applications? Do the propagation features 
associated with this spectrum band, and its relatively close proximity 
to the UHF television band, facilitate particular types of wireless 
microphone applications? For instance, is this band particularly well-
suited for high-quality uses? What are the potential limitations on the 
use of this band for licensed wireless microphone operations? 
Commenters should provide whatever information they believe may be 
helpful to the Commission as we evaluate the role that this band can 
play in helping accommodate the various needs of wireless microphone 
users over the near and long term.
    108. In our discussion of licensed LPAS operations in the TV Bands, 
the Commission proposes to adopt the ETSI emission mask standards both 
for analog and digital microphones. Here, the Commission proposes 
adopting those standards for LPAS operations in the 944-952 MHz Band. 
The Commission seeks comment on this proposal.
    109. In addition to seeking comment on use of this band by existing 
licensees, the Commission proposes expanding eligibility in the 944-952 
MHz band to include additional classes of wireless microphone users, in 
particular all of the other entities eligible for operation of LPAS 
devices in the TV bands on a licensed basis, which have wireless 
microphone needs similar to those of broadcasters and broadcast network 
entities and merit license status in the TV bands. Considering that 
these other entities are sophisticated users, and often already 
coordinate their wireless microphone operations in the TV bands with 
broadcasters, the Commission believes that such users should be able to 
effectively work with broadcasters when accessing spectrum at different 
locations. Expanding eligibility for these uses potentially could help 
ensure that entities that merit licensee protection in the TV bands, 
and may have access to less TV bands spectrum following the incentive 
auction, have access to additional spectrum that they may need for 
their licensed operations. The Commission seeks comment on this 
proposal. Alternatively, should the Commission expand eligibility to 
include a subset of these other TV bands LPAS licensees, or some other 
group of entities? If so, for what reasons?
    110. Are there technical limitations and other considerations we 
should weigh when assessing expansion of licensee eligibility in this 
band? Would expansion have the effect of limiting the spectrum at 
particular locations available for use by broadcasters? Alternatively, 
would the likely operations of these LPAS wireless microphones by 
different users at different locations help ensure that the low power, 
short-range operations would not overlap or cause interference among 
LPAS operations? Considering the technical characteristics of the fixed 
Aural Broadcast Auxiliary (STL and ICR) stations, and noting that these 
fixed services currently share use of the band with LPAS operations, 
what additional safeguards, if any, would be needed to insure that 
these fixed Aural Broadcast Auxiliary stations are protected if 
additional, non-broadcast classes of users are added to the band?

941-944 MHz Band and 952-960 MHz Band

    111. 941-944 MHz band. Most of this three megahertz--the two and a 
half megahertz between 941.5-944 MHz--is available for licensing for 
Private and Common Carrier Fixed Microwave Services. Broadcast 
auxiliary stations licensed prior to November 21, 1984 (including STL 
and ICR) may continue to operate in the 942-944 MHz band on a co-
primary basis. After applicants were given the opportunity to file 
applications and to resolve disputes over frequency pairs internally 
and then by lottery, subsequent licenses were obtained on a first-come-
first-served-basis, operating in different parts of this spectrum on 
channels that range from 25 kHz to 200 kHz in bandwidth. The Commission 
has issued approximately 820 licenses in this 941.5-944 MHz portion, 
where the vast majority are for Private Operational Fixed Point to 
Point Microwave Service, with some for Aural Broadcast Auxiliary 
Service (including STL and ICR), and a few for Common Carrier Fixed 
Point to Point Microwave Service. Fixed point-point links in these 
bands are typically used for long distance low data-rate links between 
locations that have line of sight capability. They employ directional 
antennas and operate with fairly high effective isotropic radiated 
power. Receive antennas are also directional, affording some rejection 
of unwanted signals off-axis from the main lobe of the antenna.
    112. The other portion, the half megahertz between 941-941.5 MHz, 
is authorized for MAS operations. The MAS authorizations involve 
discrete portions of the 941-941.5 MHz band that is paired with 
spectrum in the 932-932.5 MHz band; more particularly, these paired 
blocks consist of thirty-six 12.5 kHz channel pairs (25 kHz total per 
pair) and one paired 50 kHz channel (100 kHz total per pair) in the 
932.0-932.5 MHz and 941.0-941.5 MHz bands. The Commission designated 
twenty of the thirty-six 12.5 kHz channel pairs in these bands for 
public safety and/or private internal use. Five of these twenty are 
reserved for public safety services (as defined in Part 90), and the 
other fifteen are available for both private internal and traditional 
public safety services. With respect to the remaining channels 
consisting of sixteen 12.5 kHz paired channels and one 50 kHz paired 
channel (a total of 0.250 megahertz of spectrum in 941-941.5 MHz), the 
Commission has issued licenses on a geographic basis through a system 
of competitive bidding without any user restrictions, and these 
licensees are permitted to provide both fixed and mobile services on a 
co-primary basis. The 941.0 -941.5 MHz portion of the band is 
designated for communications from MAS master stations to remote 
stations; consequently, transmission from the master station is 
generally omni-directional, generally within a 25-mile radius, to many 
remote stations. The rules for MAS operations were adopted by the 
Commission in 1999. MAS historically has been used by the power, 
petroleum, and security industries for various alarm, control, 
interrogation and status reporting requirements as well as by the 
paging industry, and the licensing scheme adopted by the Commission 
attempted to accommodate these past and present uses. In the 941-941.5 
MHz portion, there are 1,340 geographically-based MAS licenses and 
1,175 site-based MAS licenses.
    113. 952-960 MHz band. Similarly, most of this eight megahertz of 
spectrum--6.8 megahertz of spectrum between 952.85-956.25 MHz and 
956.45-959.85 MHz--is licensed for Private Operational Fixed Microwave 
Service (including business industrial and public safety) authorized 
under part

[[Page 69402]]

101. The Commission has issued approximately 2,850 Private Operational 
Fixed Point to Point Microwave Service licenses authorizing operations 
in the 952-960 MHz band.
    114. The remaining portions of the band are authorized for MAS 
operations in three distinct portions, totaling 1.2 megahertz. 
Specifically, the MAS bands are divided into two groups with differing 
licensing and service characteristics. The first, commonly known as the 
928/952/956 bands, include sixty-eight 12.5-kilohertz (kHz) channel 
pairs (25 kHz total per pair) in the 928-928.85 and 952-952.85 MHz 
bands (a total of 850 kilohertz in the 952-960 MHz band), and sixteen 
unpaired 12.5-kHz channels in the 956.25-956.45 MHz band (200 kHz 
total). These bands are reserved for ``private internal services,'' 
which are defined as those where licensees use their authorized 
frequencies purely for internal business purposes or public safety 
communications, and not for any for-hire (for-profit) or non-profit 
cost-shared application. The Commission awarded licenses to these bands 
on a first-come, first-served, site-by-site basis. The Commission has 
issued approximately 10,000 site-based MAS licenses in these bands.
    115. The second MAS band, commonly known as the 928/959 MHz bands, 
consists of twelve 12.5 kHz channel pairs (25 kHz total per pair) in 
the 928.85-929 and 959.85-960 MHz bands (300 kHz total). The Commission 
licensed these bands on a geographic basis through a system of 
competitive bidding for use by for-profit CMRS and paging network 
incumbents. There are 484 geographically-based MAS licenses and 
approximately 120 site-based MAS licenses in this band. In addition, 
approximately 50 licenses permit part 22 paging operations in the 
959.85-960 MHz band on a grandfathered basis.
    116. In the MAS Report and Order, the Commission adopted flexible 
rules that permit licensees to conduct point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint operations, and also to provide fixed or mobile services on 
a co-primary basis in the geographically licensed portions of the 
bands. The MAS Report and Order also grandfathered incumbent operations 
in the 928/952/956 MHz bands, and permitted those operations to expand 
services subject to the Commission's rules on interference protection 
and co-channel spacing. Although a system of geographic licenses using 
Economic Areas (EAs) awarded via auction now overlays the 928/959 bands 
and part of the 932/941 bands, we permitted incumbent licensees to 
remain in the in the 928/959 band indefinitely, but we did not permit 
any expansion of their services. The Commission expected that 
interference from these ``grandfathered'' operations would be minimal, 
given that they were subject to a co-channel mileage separation based 
on an assumed 25-mile service area.
    117. The Commission proposes making unused portions of the 941-944 
MHz and the 952-960 MHz bands available for licensed wireless 
microphone operations on a secondary basis, generally under the rules 
applicable for LPAS operations in the 944-952 MHz band. The Commission 
requests that commenters provide information about the potential 
availability of unused spectrum in these bands at locations where 
wireless microphones are used, and the extent to which it is suitable 
and could effectively be used for wireless microphone operations. The 
Commission seeks comment on the particular rules that it should adopt 
to facilitate wireless microphone operations in this spectrum that 
would also ensure that incumbent operations are not harmed. The 
Commission invites comment on the benefits of permitting such 
operations, as well as any specific concerns about how such operations 
might affect currently authorized users in these bands.
    118. The Commission first seeks comment on whether there are 
potential benefits to making these bands available for wireless 
microphone operations to the same entities licensed for LPAS operations 
in the 944-952 MHz band. Considering the mix of services and licensees 
that currently operate in different segments in various portions of 
these bands, the Commission seeks comment on whether there nonetheless 
are many locations in these bands where spectrum is unused, potentially 
available, and in sufficient bandwidth (e.g., 200 kHz) suitable for 
wireless microphone uses similar to their uses in the TV bands and 944-
952 MHz band. The Commission requests that commenters supporting 
wireless microphone operations in these bands explain fully how access 
to the available spectrum in these bands would be important for 
accommodating wireless microphone needs in the coming years, both in 
the near and longer term. Would the fact that this spectrum is adjacent 
to the 944-952 MHz band make this spectrum particularly suitable or 
involve valuable synergies (e.g., same spectrum propagation, more 
readily available equipment, more efficient management of wireless 
microphone operations, etc.)? And would the types of uses suitable for 
these bands be the same as for the 944-952 MHz band discussed?
    119. Given that wireless microphones operate at low power over 
short distances, the Commission believes they are not likely to cause 
interference to the types of fixed or mobile operations that operate at 
higher power in these bands. Thus, it believes that wireless 
microphones should be able to co-exist and share access to the spectrum 
in these bands with incumbent services on a secondary basis without 
causing harmful interference. The Commission seeks comment. As this 
issue is considered, the Commission requests comment on how it can 
design rules for wireless microphone operations in these bands to 
enable effective sharing. Would users of wireless microphones often 
seek to operate in locations that overlap with existing services, or 
would they operate in other places not served by those operations?
    120. Considering the different services and service rules that 
apply to portions of these bands, the Commission seeks comment on 
permitting wireless microphone operations on each of these portions. 
With the mix of point-to-point and point-to-multipoint services already 
operating in these bands, are there specific sub-bands that would be 
more suitable than others for sharing with wireless microphones?
    121. With respect to those portions of the spectrum available for 
licensing for fixed microwave services other than MAS, which 
constitutes the majority of the spectrum in these bands, how much 
spectrum is unused by these fixed services at locations that could be 
effectively used for wireless microphone operations? To what extent can 
potential wireless microphone users determine the availability of 
suitable spectrum at particular locations? What issues and factors 
should we take into account to make spectrum available for wireless 
microphone operations while protecting the incumbent fixed services 
that operate in these bands?
    122. The Commission similarly inquires about making the portions of 
the spectrum in these bands that are authorized for MAS operations also 
available for wireless microphone operations. For instance, considering 
that many MAS systems are used by utilities for Supervisory Control and 
Data Acquisition (SCADA) operations, we seek comment on whether these 
existing users operate in the same general geographic areas as wireless 
microphone users, or whether the wireless microphone operations would 
be separated geographically because these are different types of uses? 
Given the nature of MAS operations, how

[[Page 69403]]

much spectrum is unused and available for wireless microphone 
operations? Are there practical considerations, including the fact that 
there is only a relatively small amount of spectrum in discrete 
segments potentially unused and available, that would make authorizing 
wireless microphone operations more problematic or less practical in 
these bands? If so, are there ways in which the Commission could 
effectively address these concerns? Would the spectrum associated with 
the geographic area MAS licenses be suitable for wireless microphones, 
and if so could wireless microphone operations be accommodated on this 
spectrum through leasing arrangements with the existing market-based 
licensees? What other factors should we consider when determining 
whether and how to permit wireless microphone operations in these MAS 
portions?
    123. The Commission also seeks specific comment on designing rules 
that would be necessary to address any interference concerns with 
incumbent operations that could arise. If it were to authorize wireless 
microphone operations in these bands, to what extent are protections 
necessary to prevent harmful interference to incumbent operations from 
the low power, short-range wireless microphone operations? Would 
certain types of services, such as fixed microwave services, generally 
not be prone to interference? Would other types of operations be more 
susceptible to interference, such as certain MAS operations involving 
SCADA operations, and would those operations benefit from rules that 
would provide protection (e.g., rules to specify minimum separation 
distances or creation of protection zones)? What specific technical 
requirements or limitations should we place on wireless microphone 
operations in the bands? On frequencies licensed for SCADA operations 
that involve transmissions between master stations and outdoor remotes, 
should we place limitations on power levels used by wireless 
microphones or limit wireless microphones to indoor uses? The 
Commission asks commenters to provide technical analyses to support 
their positions on these issues.
    124. The Commission asks that commenters propose any specific 
technical rules that would apply to wireless microphone operations in 
these bands. As indicated, the Commission proposes permitting wireless 
microphones to operate under the technical rules for LPAS operations 
that apply to operations in the 944-952 MHz band (e.g., power limits, 
maximum bandwidth, Out of Band Emissions (OOBE)), which would include 
the ETSI standards that we propose to apply to such operations. The 
Commission seeks comment on this proposal, and whether these rules 
should apply in whole or in part with respect to these bands, or 
portions of these bands, and if not, why not? Commenters should explain 
and provide technical analyses on these issues. The Commission also 
seeks comment on the equipment issues that would pertain to wireless 
microphone operations in these bands, including the certification 
process. Commenters also should address any equipment issues pertaining 
to wireless microphone operations in these bands. What is the potential 
availability of equipment for operations in these bands? Realizing that 
it may depend on the particular rules, how long might it take for 
manufacturers to develop equipment that operates in these bands? Would 
the availability of devices operating in the adjacent 944-952 MHz band 
help speed development and distribution of these devices? To the extent 
that manufacturers may need to modify equipment designed for the 944-
952 MHz band, or use equipment designed for use in other bands, what 
are the constraints on such modifications, and how long would it take 
to bring such modified equipment to market? As regards certification, 
should manufacturers be able to certificate equipment under the same 
rules and procedures for LPAS devices that operate in the 944-952 MHz 
band, or do they need to develop new equipment for these bands that 
would be certificated in a different manner?

Unlicensed Operations in the 902-928 MHz, the 2.4 GHz, and the 5 GHz 
Bands

    125. The 902-928 MHz, 2.4 GHz (2400-2483.5 MHz), and 5 GHz (5725-
5850 MHz) bands generally permit operations of unlicensed devices 
pursuant to two part 15 rules, Sec. Sec.  15.247 and 15.249. Earlier 
this year, the Commission consolidated the rules for the digitally 
modulated devices that operate in the 5 GHz band under Sec.  15.407. 
Wireless microphones are among the devices that operate on an 
unlicensed basis in these bands under these rules.
    126. Wireless microphones operating in these bands pursuant to 
Sec.  15.247, like other unlicensed devices operating under this rule, 
are required to operate as spread spectrum transmitters, and are 
limited to frequency hopping systems and systems using digital 
modulation. Digitally modulated systems must use a minimum bandwidth of 
500 kHz but are not required to hop frequencies. Both frequency hopping 
and digitally modulated systems are permitted to use output powers of 
up to 1 watt, however, most devices use lower power for various design 
reasons, such as conserving battery life. Spread spectrum modulation 
reduces the power density of the transmitted signal at any frequency, 
thereby reducing the possibility of causing interference to other 
signals occupying the same spectrum. Similarly, at the receiver end, 
the power density of interfering signals is minimized, making spread 
spectrum systems relatively immune to interference from outside 
sources.
    127. Wireless microphones operating in these bands pursuant to 
Sec.  15.249, as with any other unlicensed device operation, is 
permitted subject to the field strength limits specified in this 
section. There are no requirements for devices operating under this 
provision to hop frequencies or use a minimum transmit bandwidth, and 
there are no maximum bandwidth or transmission duration limits. Devices 
operating under this rule could be either analog or digital devices. 
Many types of devices operate under this rule section including 
cordless telephones, video transmitters, wireless speaker and headphone 
systems, and automated utility meter reading equipment.
    128. Section 15.407 provides general technical requirements for 
unlicensed national information infrastructure (U-NII) devices that 
operate in the 5 GHz band. The recently revised Sec.  15.407 rules are 
intended to better ensure that unlicensed 5 GHz band devices do not 
cause harmful interference to authorized Federal and non-Federal users 
in these bands and to eliminate a loophole in the former rules that 
allowed devices to be certified under the Sec.  15.247 rules and then 
modified to operate as U-NII devices without complying with all of the 
technical requirements of the U-NII rules.

902-928 MHz Band

    129. The Commission seeks to develop a full record on the current 
and potential uses of the 902-928 MHz band for various wireless 
microphone uses. It ask that commenters provide information on devices 
currently in the marketplace that serve such needs. To what extent are 
these devices digital, operating as spread spectrum devices under the 
technical rules set forth in Sec.  15.247, or analog or digital 
operating under Sec.  15.249 requirements? What specific types of 
applications are these devices best suited, and what are the 
limitations on the types of applications for which they may be used? To 
what extent can devices operating in this

[[Page 69404]]

band address the needs, for instance, of non-professional users? The 
Commission asks that commenters provide relevant technical data 
regarding performance features (e.g., with respect to latency, voice 
fidelity, etc.) that inform and may affect the suitability of these 
devices for particular types of applications. To what extent is the 
effectiveness of the applications dependent on the operating 
environment (e.g., outdoor or indoor uses)? Are wireless microphone 
users whose needs can effectively be addressed through devices that 
operate in this band migrating their operations from other bands, such 
as the TV bands, to this band? What are manufacturers and those 
marketing wireless microphone devices promoting use of devices that use 
this band?
    130. Have there been technological advances that have improved the 
ability of these devices to co-exist and share use of the band with the 
other users that also have access to the band? If so, what types? What 
kinds of advancements might be anticipated in the future that could 
increase the use of this band for wireless microphone applications?
    131. To the extent devices operating in this band are effective in 
meeting wireless microphone applications, should manufacturers and 
those marketing wireless microphones do more to promote use of devices 
that operate in this band, or to indicate that devices operating in 
this band may be effective in addressing their needs that historically 
have operated in the TV bands? What steps, if any, should the 
Commission take to promote more use of this band for wireless 
microphone applications?

2.4 GHz Band

    132. As with our discussion on the 902-928 MHz band, the Commission 
also seeks to develop a full record on the current and potential uses 
of the 2.4 GHz band for various wireless microphone uses. It asks that 
commenters provide information on devices currently in the marketplace, 
and the extent are these devices digital, operating as spread spectrum 
devices under the technical rules set forth in Sec.  15.247, or analog 
or digital operating under Sec.  15.249 requirements. For what types of 
specific applications are 2.4 GHz wireless microphones best suited, and 
what limitations are associated with their use, including any that may 
result from the nature of signal propagation in the band. To what 
extent can devices operating in this band address the needs of non-
professional users? As above, we ask that commenters provide relevant 
technical data regarding performance features (e.g., with respect to 
latency, voice fidelity, etc.) that inform and may affect the 
suitability of these devices for particular types of applications. What 
types of operating environment (e.g., outdoor or indoor uses) affect 
their effectiveness for specific applications? How are manufacturers 
and those marketing wireless microphone devices promoting use of 
devices that use this band?
    133. The Commission also asks that commenters discuss technological 
advances that have improved the ability of these devices to co-exist 
and share use of the band with the other users that operate in the 
band. Are advancements anticipated that could increase the use of this 
band for wireless microphone applications? Finally, to the extent 
devices operating in this band are effective in meeting wireless 
microphone applications, should more be done to promote use of devices 
that operate in this band?

5 GHz Band

    134. The Commission also asks that commenters provide information 
on the current and potential uses of this band for different types of 
wireless microphone operations. To what extent are devices that 
function as wireless microphones operating in this band today, and for 
what kinds of applications? Considering the available bandwidth, the 
propagation features associated with this spectrum, and other relevant 
factors, for what types of applications is this band well-suited? What 
types of users are most likely to make use of wireless microphones in 
this band? In what types of operational environments do these devices 
work best? Are there technological advances forthcoming that could 
create more opportunities for using this spectrum for wireless 
microphone applications? Should more be done to promote use of this 
band for wireless microphone applications?

1920-1930 MHz Unlicensed PCS Band

    135. Currently the major use of the 1920-1930 MHz band is for 
unlicensed cordless telephones that operate under part 15 of the 
Commission's rules many manufacturers make wireless microphones using 
this spectrum.
    136. The Commission invites comment on the current and potential 
uses of the 1920-1930 MHz UPSC band for wireless microphone 
applications. The Commission seeks comment on current uses of the band 
for wireless microphones, including the types of purposes for which 
they are used as well as the types of venues in which they are used. 
How many microphones generally can be deployed at the same time in a 
particular area? To the extent that wireless microphones operating in 
this band may not be sufficient for high-end, professional broadcast, 
music, or theater uses, are there other types of uses for which they 
provide effective wireless microphone communications capabilities? What 
is the range of audio capabilities for wireless microphone devices that 
operate in this band under our rules? For instance, are there potential 
advances in technology, such as improvements in the digital protocol to 
better enable high quality audio? In sum, the Commission invites 
comments generally on the types of applications for which wireless 
microphones using this band may be best suited. Should the Commission 
consider any technical revisions that could make this band more useful 
for wireless microphone applications without adversely affecting 
operations of other users in the band?

1435-1525 MHz Band

    137. The Commission proposes, as one option, making the 1.4 GHz 
band spectrum available for use by wireless microphones on a secondary 
licensed basis, and seek comment. Because of the importance of ensuring 
that the AMT systems are protected against harmful interference, and 
given that most wireless microphone operations can be accommodated 
within other spectrum, the Commission proposes that use of this band be 
limited to licensed professional users at specified locations and 
times, and include specified safeguards designed to protect AMT use of 
the band. The Commission seeks comment on how and under what conditions 
this band can be shared, and on the types of applications best suited 
for this band.
    138. Our proposal to allow wireless microphones to operate in this 
spectrum is based on several critical factors. We recognize that 
professional use for certain large events (e.g., major sports or 
theater productions) often involve use of more than 100 wireless 
microphones. Where these have previously operated in the TV bands, 
there is no assurance that sufficient spectrum will remain to 
accommodate this extent of use, nor is it certain that the other 
provisions for wireless microphones could accommodate such use. 
Limiting the licensing for these types of applications, which are 
typically associated with specific locations, should make sharing of 
the spectrum manageable. Although we would authorize such use on a 
secondary basis, in this instance we believe that frequency 
coordination with federal and non-federal users is critical and is 
consistent with the

[[Page 69405]]

practice that already has been used for special temporary authority in 
this band, although on a more limited basis. In addition, the 
Commission believes it is necessary to ensure that a mechanism must be 
established to ensure that wireless microphone systems marketed for use 
in this spectrum can only be operated after successful coordination, 
such as through an electronic key or other means. The Commission also 
seeks to ensure that any wireless microphones operating in this 
spectrum are spectrally efficient and frequency agile when sharing the 
spectrum. The Commission discusses these topics in detail below. Where 
it asks general questions they should be viewed through the prism of 
these principles.
    139. Generally, as the Commission considers authorizing wireless 
microphone operations in the 1.4 GHz band on a secondary use basis, 
what issues should it consider when evaluating the compatibility of 
wireless microphone operations in the same band as AMT? What 
limitations might the Commission consider imposing to ensure that 
wireless microphone operations would not cause harmful interference to 
AMT?
    140. To what extent is the 1.4 GHz spectrum suited for wireless 
microphone operations? What type of wireless microphone uses might be 
best suited to operate in this band, and what types of uses would be 
less well-suited or unsuitable? How would proponents of access to this 
spectrum plan to make use of the band for wireless microphone 
operations? What are the technical advantages and disadvantages of 
using 1.4 GHz band spectrum for wireless microphone operations, in 
terms of signal propagation, types of operations that could be 
deployed, battery power, form factors, body absorption, or other 
aspects that would inform the types of wireless microphone uses to 
which the spectrum might be put?
    141. The Commission proposes that wireless microphone operations be 
secondary, and thus must protect the primary AMT services that operate 
in the band. As it considers the appropriate framework for wireless 
microphone operations in the band, we note that the Commission already 
has permitted secondary, low power short-range devices to share use of 
another band where AMT operations were primary when in 2012 it 
authorized Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) devices to operate in the 
2360-2390 MHz portions of the 2360-2400 MHz band. In permitting MBAN 
devices to share access to that spectrum, the Commission was careful in 
developing rules that limited the locations where MBAN systems could 
operate and in designing a coordination process that would ensure that 
primary AMT operations would be protected from interference.
    142. As a general matter, the Commission proposes only limited use 
of the 1.4 GHz band for wireless microphone applications. While it 
seeks to provide wireless microphone users in need of additional 
spectrum resources with access to the 1.4 GHz band spectrum to help 
accommodate those needs, at the same time the Commission is not 
proposing to open this particular band either for widespread or for 
itinerant uses throughout the nation. Given the paramount need to 
protect AMT operations, the Commission is proposing only limited access 
for wireless microphone operations. In particular, it proposes that 
wireless microphone uses be restricted to specific fixed locations, 
such as large venues (whether outdoor or indoor), where there may a 
need to deploy large numbers of microphones, e.g., 100 or more. In 
addition, the Commission proposes allowing operations at those 
locations only at specified times. The Commission seeks comment on 
these proposals.
    143. Prior coordination with AFTRCC will be required. The 
Commission seeks to develop appropriate rules that will ensure through 
this process that wireless microphone operations will not cause 
interference to the primary AMT operations in the band. In particular, 
it seeks comment on coordination mechanisms that can ensure that 
wireless microphone operations only occur at the locations and times 
where authorized through the coordination process, and would be 
effective in preventing the use of these devices at any other location 
or time without authorization.
    144. As noted, the Commission authorized MBAN devices to operate on 
a secondary basis in the 2360-2390 MHz band provided that they register 
the devices and follow a coordination framework. With regard to 
registration, MBAN device operators are required to register each 
device with the frequency coordinator and provide specified 
information--including the specific frequencies to be used, the 
location of the devices, the power levels used, and point of contact 
information regarding the entity responsible for the MBAN device 
operations. The Commission codified certain coordination procedures as 
well. These begin with the initial determination of whether the MBAN 
location is within line-of-site of AMT operations, and the potential 
interference risks that would be associated with MBAN operations at 
that location. The Commission also provided the frequency coordinators 
with significant flexibility to work out mutually agreeable 
coordination agreements and MBAN devices' operating parameters at 
particular locations. The Commission recognized that specific tools, 
such as electronic keys, could be useful to coordinators as they sought 
to achieve mutually agreeable coordination agreements, and required 
that MBAN devices cease transmission in the absence of a control 
message. At the same time, the Commission did not codify requirements 
for an electronic key and relied on frequency coordinators to work out 
the MBAN operating parameters through their agreements as needed. To 
what extent are the rules for MBAN operations appropriate with regard 
to permitting wireless microphone use in the 1.4 GHz band at specified 
locations, frequencies, and times, pursuant to specified operational 
parameters? The Commission asks that commenters explain in detail the 
coordination procedures that they assert should apply with regard to 
operations in the 1.4 GHz band.
    145. The Commission also seeks comment on the extent to which the 
Commission might prescribe particular tools to ensure that wireless 
microphones operate only at the locations and times authorized, and not 
anywhere else. For instance, the Commission seeks comment on requiring 
that the wireless microphone systems, which often are moved from one 
location to another (e.g., when used to cover different events), could 
only operate through use of an automatic mechanism (such as an 
electronic key, and location-awareness capability, or similar 
mechanisms) that would serve to prevent wireless microphones from 
operating unless on approved frequencies in the 1.4 GHz band at the 
approved location/venue(s) during approved time(s). What kind of 
technologies can achieve this purpose in an effective manner? If we 
were to adopt such a requirement, should the authorized operations be 
enabled only through permission granted by the FCC or an FCC-certified 
entity once AFTRCC has concurred with the particular wireless 
microphone operations? Are there other means of coordinating operations 
that would ensure that the microphones only operate where and when 
authorized? The Commission seeks comment on these proposals, including 
how an automatic mechanism might be included within design of a 
wireless microphone system. In

[[Page 69406]]

addition, the Commission invites comment on whether it should adopt 
point-of-sale restrictions that would enable only entities licensed to 
operate in this band to obtain the devices.
    146. In keeping with the types of wireless microphone operations 
that the Commission envisions for this band, it proposes limiting 
eligibility to professional users, including broadcasters, professional 
television and cable programmers, and professional sound engineering 
companies, and operators at major venues that manage and coordinate 
wireless microphone operations, i.e., the entities eligible for 
licensed LPAS operations in the TV bands. The Commission invites 
comment on this proposal.
    147. To the extent the Commission decides to authorize wireless 
microphone operations in this band, it seeks comment on the technical 
rules that would apply to devices that would use the band. Commenters 
should submit detailed discussions of recommendations for the 
applicable technical rules. In designing technical rules, what types of 
technical concerns should we consider and address to ensure that the 
primary AMT operations protected? The Commission requests detailed 
information about the type(s) of wireless microphone equipment that 
could use the band. What power levels and bandwidths should we permit 
for wireless microphones? To what extent should we permit certain 
devices already on the market today to access the band? Should the 
technical rules be the similar to wireless microphones that operate in 
other bands?
    148. In particular, the Commission seeks comment on adopting the 
technical rules for LPAS device operations in the TV bands, as well as 
the ETSI standards that it is proposing to adopt for those devices. To 
what extent are some or all of these technical standards appropriate 
for wireless microphones operating in the 1.4 GHz band? The Commission 
asks that commenters provide any relevant technical information 
supporting their positions.
    149. To preserve maximum flexibility for wireless microphone 
operations in the band, should the Commission consider requiring 
wireless microphones to have the capability of tuning across the band? 
The Commission also seeks comment on requiring wireless microphones 
that are designed to operate in the 1.4 GHz band to have modular 
transmitting components that, if necessary, could be replaced to 
enhance frequency agility. How long would it take to develop devices 
that would operate consistent with the proposals we discussed above? 
Should there be an interim process for permitting wireless microphone 
operations in the band as any necessary new devices are being made? In 
addition, the Commission invites comment on the certification process 
that should be employed.
    150. Consistent with its proposal, the Commission envisions adding 
a secondary mobile except aeronautical mobile service allocation to the 
1435-1525 MHz band for limited use under the service rules it adopts 
for the band. The Commission also request comment on any other 
regulatory or technical issues that would be relevant to our 
consideration of whether to authorize wireless microphone operations in 
the 1.4 GHz band. Commenters should provide detailed bases and 
explanations for their proposals and views.

3.5 GHz Band

    151. In the 3.5 GHz Band FNPRM adopted in April 2014, the 
Commission sought comment on a three-tiered authorization framework 
that would allow different types of users to access portions of the 
3550-3650 MHz Band. To the extent that the band was not being used by 
incumbent users (primary operations, including incumbent federal users 
and grandfathered Fixed Satellite Service earth stations) under the 
Incumbent Access tier, the Commission proposed making spectrum 
available through the Priority Access and General Authorized Access 
(GAA) tiers outside of the specified geographic exclusion zones. The 
Commission also invited comment on whether to allow certain users 
(``Contained Access Users'') to receive interference protection for 
their device operations within the confines of their facilities on a 
portion (up to 20 megahertz) of the frequencies included in the GAA 
tier.
    152. The Commission notes the comments have been filed in the 3.5 
GHz band proceeding (GN Docket No. 12-354) on potential uses of this 
band by wireless microphone users. Shure indicated that the GAA tier, 
for instance, could potentially support certain wireless applications, 
and asserted that were the Commission to establish a class of 
``Contained Access Users'' then indoor wireless microphone use should 
qualify for such access.
    153. All of the issues regarding the policies and rules for 
operations in the 3.5 GHz proceeding will be decided in that 
proceeding, based on the record in that proceeding, and the Commission 
is not seeking comment in this instant proceeding on those issues. 
Nonetheless, considering that the Commission is seeking to develop a 
comprehensive understanding of the potential landscape for different 
types of wireless microphone operations in different bands, it seeks 
general comment on whether and how wireless microphone operations 
potentially could be employed in the 3.5 GHz band to help accommodate 
particular needs of users. Without prejudging the specific rules that 
the Commission may adopt in the 3.5 GHz proceeding, the Commission 
invites comment on any impact the proposed rules for the 3.5 GHz band 
would have on the broader aims of this proceeding. If 3.5 GHz spectrum 
were made available, how much of a wireless microphone operator's needs 
could potentially be accommodated in this band, for instance, given the 
propagation characteristics of the band? If operations were permitted 
in this band, to what extent might this band potentially serve as a 
supplement spectrum resource for certain types of uses? To the extent 
that rules for the 3.5 GHz band are adopted that can help meet wireless 
microphone users' needs, how long might it take for user equipment to 
be developed and available for use? To avoid a bifurcated record on 
issues related to the 3.5 GHz band, the Commission asks that commenters 
submit any comments on these issues in this docket as well as in the 
3.5 GHz band proceeding.

6875-7125 MHz Band

    154. The Commission proposes to permit licensed wireless microphone 
operations on available channels in this band, on a secondary basis, 
for entities that are eligible to hold BAS or CARS licenses, and seek 
comment. Considering the existing fixed and mobile services in the band 
that currently operate in different portions of this band, and the 
likelihood of significant areas of unused spectrum throughout this band 
that potentially could be made available for relatively low power, 
short-range wireless microphone operations, the Commission request 
comment on whether access to this spectrum could help accommodate 
certain types of wireless microphone applications without interfering 
with existing services. The Commission also seeks comment on the 
applicable rules that should apply, were we to decide to grant such 
authorization.
    155. To what extent would access to the 7 GHz band help address 
needs of wireless microphone operators? Considering the propagation 
features or other factors associated with this spectrum, what types of 
wireless microphone applications may be well-suited for operations in 
this band? Given that BAS and CARS licensees

[[Page 69407]]

already use the 7 GHz spectrum for certain types of video applications 
and programming production, would there be synergies in permitting 
wireless microphone operations that could supplement those existing 
applications? How much spectrum in the 7 GHz band may be potentially 
available at those kinds of locations, whether indoors or outdoors, 
where users may have need for wireless microphones?
    156. What particular rules would facilitate wireless microphone 
operations in the band while also protecting existing services? Could 
we make spectrum in any part of the 7 GHz band available for wireless 
microphone operations on a secondary, non-interfering basis, under 
rules drawn from the LPAS technical rules for operations in the TV 
bands or on the 944-952 MHz band? To what extent would low power 
wireless microphone operations pose the potential of interfering with 
any of the current mix of fixed and mobile BAS services and private and 
commercial fixed microwave that operate in the band?
    157. Alternatively, should the Commission consider making certain 
portions of the 7 GHz band available for wireless microphone 
operations, both as a means to facilitate wireless microphone 
operations as well as to preclude any possibility of harmful 
interference to existing operations? For instance, are there certain 
25-megahertz channels, or smaller-sized portions of such channels, that 
we should make available for wireless microphone operations, and if so, 
how much and where? Would some channels or portions of channels be 
preferable for wireless microphone operations? As noted, while BAS and 
CARS are authorized to operate on the entire 25 megahertz in a channel, 
FS services may operate on 5, 8.33, and 25 megahertz channels. Are 
there opportunities for wireless microphone operations on portions of 
particular channels to the extent not being used by incumbent licensees 
at a given location? For instance, if an incumbent licensee were using 
only 5 or 8.33 megahertz channels, could wireless microphones operate 
on some balance of that 25-megahertz channel without interfering with 
existing services? Are there particular segments in the 7 GHz band that 
would be more suitable, such as the 25 megahertz segments that are 
currently reserved for BAS use nationwide? Are other channels or 
portions of channels more suitable, and if so should we take steps to 
restrict additional authorizations in that spectrum or otherwise open 
that spectrum for wireless microphone uses? If commenters have specific 
ideas about whether certain portions of the 7 GHz band should be made 
available, the Commission asks that they submit a full discussion of 
which portions, and how that might affect any existing BAS, CARS, or FS 
authorized in those portions of the band.
    158. To what extent should coordination of wireless microphone 
operations be required? Should we require formal or informal 
coordination of operations? We also seek comment on whether wireless 
microphone users could share operations among themselves on the same 
private-sector, frequency-coordinated basis that exists for the use of 
BAS mobile shared spectrum.
    159. The Commission is proposing that any wireless microphone 
operations in these bands be licensed to entities eligible for BAS or 
CARS licensees. It generally would expect that these are the entities 
that may wish to operate wireless microphones in the band for some of 
their production-related services. The Commission also believes that 
licensing wireless microphone operations to these entities would help 
address interference or coordination concerns that may arise when 
making use of the 7 GHz band spectrum. The Commission seeks comment on 
this proposal. The Commission also invites comment on alternative 
proposals.
    160. The Commission also invites comment on the technical rules 
that would apply to wireless microphone operations in the band. In 
particular, it seeks comment on whether the technical rules should be 
modeled on those that apply to LPAS operations, including the ETSI 
standards that we are proposing. The Commission asks that commenters 
provide information on any proposed rules and the rationale for 
adopting such rules. Commenters should also address any potential 
interference concerns that could arise. If we were to allow wireless 
microphone operations in the band, would any incumbent operations need 
geographic exclusion zones? Apart from exclusion zones, is there 
interference criteria that could facilitate sharing? What OOBE limits 
would be appropriate to protect incumbent services in the bands 
directly adjacent to wireless microphone operations? Considering the 
propagation characteristics in the 7 GHz band and recognizing that 
operation in this band typically requires line of sight between the 
transmitter and receiver, would limiting wireless microphones to indoor 
use create greater sharing possibilities? The Commission asks 
commenters to provide technical analyses to support their position on 
these issues.
    161. In addition, the Commission seeks comment on equipment 
availability for wireless microphones in these bands. Does wireless 
microphone equipment already exist for these bands? How much time would 
manufacturers need to develop new equipment for these bands?

Ultra-Wideband

    162. Background. The Commission's rules for ultra-wideband (UWB) 
unlicensed devices are set forth in part 15, subpart F. UWB devices 
operate by employing very narrow or short duration pulses that result 
in very large or wideband transmission bandwidths. UWB technology 
enables development of an array of applications, including imaging 
systems, vehicular radar systems, and communications and measurement 
systems. Operating pursuant to the technical rules set forth in part 
15, UWB devices can use spectrum occupied by existing radio services 
without causing harmful interference, thereby permitting scarce 
spectrum resources to be used more efficiently.
    163. Wireless microphones operating under these rules would be 
required to operate pursuant to the UWB rules for communications 
systems, which permit operations in the 3.1-10.6 GHz band. Under the 
UWB rules, these devices must be designed to ensure that operation can 
occur indoors only, or must consist of hand-held devices that may be 
employed for such activities as peer-to-peer operation. The Commission 
notes that at least one wireless microphone manufacturer has developed 
and markets wireless microphones that operate under these rules.
    164. The Commission seeks comment on the current and potential uses 
of UWB devices for wireless microphone applications. Recognizing that 
UWB operates across a number of frequencies, the Commission asks 
commenters to discuss the ways in which UWB devices could be used 
effectively for wireless microphone uses. Are there particular uses for 
which wireless microphones operating under UWB rules are well suited, 
such as indoor and/or short-range operations? What are the benefits and 
constraints associated with the UWB rules, including the wide 
bandwidths associated with operations and the propagation aspects 
related to operating in these high frequency bands? Are manufacturers 
promoting the use of UWB wireless microphones for particular 
applications? Finally, we invite comment regarding steps that the

[[Page 69408]]

Commission should take to facilitate use of UWB devices for wireless 
microphone uses.

Other Potential Bands

    165. In this section, the Commission invites comment on whether 
there are other bands not currently available for wireless microphone 
operations that may be useful in helping their use. The Commission 
seeks comment on bands that might offer opportunities both in the 
nearer term and over the longer term.
    166. For instance, in 2008 the Public Interest Spectrum Coalition 
(PISC) filed a petition for rulemaking to create a general wireless 
microphone service in the 2020-2025 MHz band. PISC argued that, as a 
result of the Commission's proposal to license the 2175-2180 MHz band 
on an unpaired basis, the 2020-2025 MHz band could be allocated for 
wireless microphones on a primary basis and free of white space devices 
and interference. Would this band be suitable for wireless microphone 
use? If so, the Commission asks that commenters address the technical 
suitability of this five megahertz band, the potential equipment 
availability, and other issues that would have to be addressed. The 
Commission also asks commenters to address how a decision to permit 
wireless microphones to operate in the 2020-2025 MHz band would impact 
or be affected by the Commission's earlier decision to allocate those 
five megahertz for non-federal fixed and mobile service.
    167. To the extent that commenters propose additional bands for 
consideration, we ask that they provide a full explanation for the 
proposal. In particular, the Commission seeks comment on the ways in 
which the band or bands could be helpful in accommodating wireless 
microphone operations while advancing the Commission's spectrum 
management goals, including promoting efficient use of spectrum.

Procedural Matters

Paperwork Reduction Analysis

    168. The NPRM contains proposed new information collection 
requirements. The Commission, as part of its continuing effort to 
reduce paperwork burdens, invites the general public and OMB to comment 
on the proposed information collection requirements contained in this 
document, as required by the PRA. In addition, pursuant to the Small 
Business Paperwork Relief Act, the Commission seeks specific comment on 
how it might further reduce the information collection burden for small 
business concerns with fewer than 25 employees.
Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
    169. As required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), the 
Commission has prepared this present Initial Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis (IRFA) of the possible significant economic impact on small 
entities by the policies and rules proposed in the NPRM.\1\ Written 
public comments are requested on this IRFA. Comments must be identified 
as responses to the IRFA and must be filed by the deadlines for 
comments provided on the first page of this NPRM. The Commission will 
send a copy of the NPRM, including this IRFA, to the Chief Counsel for 
Advocacy of the Small Business Administration (SBA).\2\ In addition, 
the NPRM and IRFA (or summaries thereof) will be published in the 
Federal Register.\3\
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    \1\ See 5 U.S.C. 603. The RFA, see 5 U.S.C. 601-612, has been 
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 
1996 (SBREFA), Public Law 104-121, Title II, 110 Stat. 857 (1996).
    \2\ See 5 U.S.C. 603(a).
    \3\ See id.
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Need for, and Objectives of, the Proposed Rules

    170. This proceeding is initiated to explore additional steps we 
can take to accommodate the needs of wireless microphone users over the 
coming years by ensuring that they have access to available spectrum 
resources that they need.\4\ Wireless microphones play an essential 
role in enabling broadcasters and other video programming networks to 
serve consumers, including helping to cover breaking news and 
broadcasting live sports events. They are used to significantly enhance 
event productions in a variety of settings--including theaters and 
music venues, film studios, conventions, corporate events, houses of 
worship, and internet webcasts. They also have become integral to 
creating high quality content that consumers demand and value, and as 
part of that content production process contribute substantially to our 
economy.\5\ Recent actions by the Commission, and in particular the 
repurposing of broadcast television band spectrum for wireless services 
set forth in the Incentive Auction R&O, will significantly alter the 
regulatory environment in which wireless microphones operate \6\ and we 
see an urgent need to assess new options for wireless microphone users 
going forward.
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    \4\ See Expanding the Economic and Innovation Opportunities of 
Spectrum Through Incentive Auctions, GN Docket No. 12-268, Report 
and Order (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC Rcd 6567, 6704 para. 316 (adopted May 
15, 2014) (Incentive Auction R&O) (stating the Commission's intent 
to initiate a proceeding to explore steps to accommodate the long-
term needs of wireless microphone users). When we use the term 
``wireless microphones'' in this proceeding, we collectively refer 
to wireless microphones and related audio devices.
    \5\ See, e.g., Expanding the Economic and Innovation 
Opportunities of Spectrum Through Incentive Auctions, GN Docket No. 
12-268, Report and Order (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC Rcd 6567, 6696 para. 
300 (adopted May 15, 2014) (Incentive Auction R&O).
    \6\ See generally Expanding the Economic and Innovation 
Opportunities of Spectrum Through Incentive Auctions, GN Docket No. 
12-268, Report and Order (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC Rcd 6696-6704 paras. 
299-316; 6844-6847 para. 682-688, (adopted May 15, 2014) (Incentive 
Auction R&O).
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    171. Wireless microphone users rely heavily on access to unused 
channels in the television band to provide their important services. 
Following the incentive auction, with the repacking of the television 
band and the repurposing of current television spectrum for wireless 
services, there will be fewer frequencies in the UHF band available for 
use for wireless microphone operations. In taking several steps in the 
Incentive Auction R&O to accommodate wireless microphone operations--
including providing more opportunities to access spectrum on the 
channels that will remain allocated for television post-auction and 
making the 600 MHz Band guard bands available for wireless microphone 
operations--the Commission also recognized that the reduction of total 
available UHF band spectrum will require many wireless microphone users 
to make adjustments over the next few years regarding the spectrum that 
they access and the equipment they use.\7\ To help ensure that wireless 
microphone users could make these adjustments, the Commission provided 
that users could continue to access spectrum repurposed for wireless 
services for a substantial period of time as they transition affected 
services to alternative spectrum.\8\ The Commission promised to 
initiate this proceeding to explore steps that it can take to address 
wireless microphone users' longer term needs, including accessing 
spectrum resources in additional frequency bands.\9\
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    \7\ See Incentive Auction R&O, 29 FCC Rcd at 6567 paras. 299-
315.
    \8\ See Incentive Auction R&O, 29 FCC Rcd at 6567 paras. 682-
688.
    \9\ Incentive Auction R&O, 29 FCC Rcd at 6567 para. 316.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Legal Basis

    172. The proposed action is authorized under sections 4(i), 7(a) 
301, 303(f), 303(g), 303(r), 307(e) and 332 of the Communications Act 
of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 151, 154(i), 157(a),

[[Page 69409]]

301, 303(f), 303(g), 303(r), 307(e), and 332.

Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities to Which the 
Proposed Rules Will Apply

    173. The RFA directs agencies to provide a description of and, 
where feasible, an estimate of the number of small entities that may be 
affected by the proposed rules, if adopted.\10\ The RFA generally 
defines the term ``small entity'' as having the same meaning as the 
terms ``small business,'' ``small organization,'' and ``small 
governmental jurisdiction.'' \11\ In addition, the term ``small 
business'' has the same meaning as the term ``small business concern'' 
under the Small Business Act.\12\ A small business concern is one 
which: (1) is independently owned and operated; (2) is not dominant in 
its field of operation; and (3) satisfies any additional criteria 
established by the SBA.\13\
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    \10\ 5 U.S.C. 603(b)(3).
    \11\ 5 U.S.C. 601(6).
    \12\ 5 U.S.C. 601(3) (incorporating by reference the definition 
of ``small business concern'' in 15 U.S.C. 632). Pursuant to the 
RFA, the statutory definition of a small business applies ``unless 
an agency, after consultation with the Office of Advocacy of the 
Small Business Administration and after opportunity for public 
comment, establishes one or more definitions of such term which are 
appropriate to the activities of the agency and publishes such 
definition(s) in the Federal Register.'' 5 U.S.C. 601(3).
    \13\ Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. 632 (1996).
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    174. Small Businesses, Small Organizations, and Small Governmental 
Jurisdictions. Our action may, over time, affect small entities that 
are not easily categorized at present. We therefore describe here, at 
the outset, three comprehensive, statutory small entity size 
standards.\14\ First, nationwide, there are a total of 28.2 million 
small businesses, according to the SBA.\15\ In addition, a ``small 
organization'' is generally ``any not-for-profit enterprise which is 
independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its 
field.''\16\ Nationwide, as of 2012, there were approximately 2,300,000 
small organizations.\17\ Finally, the term ``small governmental 
jurisdiction'' is defined generally as ``governments of cities, towns, 
townships, villages, school districts, or special districts, with a 
population of less than fifty thousand.''\18\ Census Bureau data for 
2012 indicate that there were 90,056 local governments in the United 
States.\19\ Thus, we estimate that most governmental jurisdictions are 
small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ See 5 U.S.C. 601(3)-(6).
    \15\ See SBA, Office of Advocacy, ``Frequently Asked 
Questions,'' https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/FAQ_March_2014_0.pdf (last visited May 2, 2014; figures are from 
2011).
    \16\ 5 U.S.C. 601(4).
    \17\ National Center for Charitable Statistics, The Nonprofit 
Almanac (2012).
    \18\ 5 U.S.C. 601(5).
    \19\ U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 
2012 (rel. Sep. 26, 2013), https://www2.census.gov/govs/cog/g12_org.pdf (last visited May 2, 2014).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    175. LPAS Licensees. There are a total of more than 1,200 Low Power 
Auxiliary Station (LPAS) licenses in all bands and a total of over 600 
LPAS licenses in the UHF spectrum.\20\ Existing LPAS operations are 
intended for uses such as wireless microphones, cue and control 
communications, and synchronization of TV camera signals. These low 
power auxiliary stations transmit over distances of approximately 100 
meters.\21\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ FCC, Universal Licensing System (ULS), available at https://wireless.fcc.gov/uls/index.htm?job=home (last visited May 13, 2014).
    \21\ 47 CFR 74.801.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    176. Low Power Auxiliary Device Manufacturers: Radio and Television 
Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing. The 
Census Bureau defines this category as follows: ``This industry 
comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing radio and 
television broadcast and wireless communications equipment. Examples of 
products made by these establishments are: transmitting and receiving 
antennas, cable television equipment, GPS equipment, pagers, cellular 
phones, mobile communications equipment, and radio and television 
studio and broadcasting equipment.''\22\ The SBA has developed a small 
business size standard for Radio and Television Broadcasting and 
Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing, which is: all such 
firms having 750 or fewer employees.\23\ According to Census Bureau 
data for 2007, there were a total of 939 establishments in this 
category that operated for the entire year.\24\ Of this total, 912 
establishments had employment of less than 500, and an additional 10 
establishments had employment of 500 to 999.\25\ Thus, under this size 
standard, the majority of firms can be considered small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 334220 Radio 
and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment 
Manufacturing, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=334220 &search=2012 (last visited May 6, 2014).
    \23\ 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 334220.
    \24\ U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0731SG3, Manufacturing: 
Summary Series: General Summary: Industry Statistics for Subsectors 
and Industries by Employment Size: 2007 (NAICS code 334220), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_31SG3. The number of 
``establishments'' is a less helpful indicator of small business 
prevalence in this context than would be the number of ``firms'' or 
``companies,'' because the latter take into account the concept of 
common ownership or control. Any single physical location for an 
entity is an establishment, even though that location may be owned 
by a different establishment. Thus, the numbers given may reflect 
inflated numbers of businesses in this category, including the 
numbers of small businesses.
    \25\ Id. An additional 17 establishments had employment of 1,000 
or more.
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    177. Low Power Auxiliary Device Manufacturers: Other Communications 
Equipment Manufacturing. The Census Bureau defines this category as 
follows: ``This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in 
manufacturing communications equipment (except telephone apparatus, and 
radio and television broadcast, and wireless communications 
equipment).'' \26\ The SBA has developed a small business size standard 
for Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing, which is: all such 
firms having 750 or fewer employees.\27\ According to Census Bureau 
data for 2007, there were a total of 452 establishments in this 
category that operated for the entire year.\28\ Of this total, 448 
establishments had employment below 500, and an additional 4 
establishments had employment of 500 to 999.\29\ Thus, under this size 
standard, the majority of firms can be considered small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 334290 Other 
Communications Equipment Manufacturing, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=334290&search=2012 (last visited May 6, 
2014).
    \27\ 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 334290.
    \28\ U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0731SG3, Manufacturing: 
Summary Series: General Summary: Industry Statistics for Subsectors 
and Industries by Employment Size: 2007 (NAICS code 334290), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_31SG3&prodType=table (last visited 
May 6, 2014). The number of ``establishments'' is a less helpful 
indicator of small business prevalence in this context than would be 
the number of ``firms'' or ``companies,'' because the latter take 
into account the concept of common ownership or control. Any single 
physical location for an entity is an establishment, even though 
that location may be owned by a different establishment. Thus, the 
numbers given may reflect inflated numbers of businesses in this 
category, including the numbers of small businesses.
    \29\ Id. There were no establishments that had employment of 
1,000 or more.
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    178. Television Broadcasting. This Economic Census category 
``comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting images 
together with sound. These establishments operate television 
broadcasting studios and facilities for the programming and 
transmission of programs to the public.'' \30\ The SBA has created the

[[Page 69410]]

following small business size standard for Television Broadcasting 
firms: those having $38.5 million or less in annual receipts.\31\ The 
Commission has estimated the number of licensed commercial television 
stations to be 1,388.\32\ In addition, according to Commission staff 
review of the BIA Advisory Services, LLC's Media Access Pro Television 
Database on March 28, 2012, about 950 of an estimated 1,300 commercial 
television stations (or approximately 73 percent) had revenues of $14 
million or less.\33\ We therefore estimate that the majority of 
commercial television broadcasters are small entities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \30\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 515120 
Television Broadcasting, (partial definition), https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=515120&search=2012 
(last visited May 6, 2014).
    \31\ 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 515120) (updated for inflation 
in 2010).
    \32\ See FCC News Release, Broadcast Station Totals as of 
December 31, 2013 (rel. January 8, 2014), https://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2014/db0108/DOC-325039A1.pdf.
    \33\ We recognize that BIA's estimate differs slightly from the 
FCC total given.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    179. We note, however, that in assessing whether a business concern 
qualifies as small under the above definition, business (control) 
affiliations must be included.\34\ Our estimate, therefore, likely 
overstates the number of small entities that might be affected by our 
action because the revenue figure on which it is based does not include 
or aggregate revenues from affiliated companies. In addition, an 
element of the definition of ``small business'' is that the entity not 
be dominant in its field of operation. We are unable at this time to 
define or quantify the criteria that would establish whether a specific 
television station is dominant in its field of operation. Accordingly, 
the estimate of small businesses to which rules may apply does not 
exclude any television station from the definition of a small business 
on this basis and is therefore possibly over-inclusive to that extent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ ``[Business concerns] are affiliates of each other when one 
concern controls or has the power to control the other or a third 
party or parties controls or has to power to control both.'' 13 CFR 
21.103(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    180. In addition, the Commission has estimated the number of 
licensed noncommercial educational (NCE) television stations to be 
396.\35\ These stations are non-profit, and therefore considered to be 
small entities.\36\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ See FCC News Release, Broadcast Station Totals as of 
December 31, 2013 (rel. January 8, 2014), https://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2014/db0108/DOC-325039A1.pdf.
    \36\ See generally 5 U.S.C. 601(4), (6).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    181. There are also 2,414 low power television stations, including 
Class A stations and 4,046 television translator stations.\37\ Given 
the nature of these services, we will presume that all of these 
entities qualify as small entities under the above SBA small business 
size standard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ See FCC News Release, Broadcast Station Totals as of 
December 31, 2013 (rel. January 8, 2014), https://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2014/db0108/DOC-325039A1.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    182. Cable Television Distribution Services. Since 2007, these 
services have been defined within the broad economic census category of 
Wired Telecommunications Carriers; that category is defined as follows: 
``This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating 
and/or providing access to transmission facilities and infrastructure 
that they own and/or lease for the transmission of voice, data, text, 
sound, and video using wired telecommunications networks. Transmission 
facilities may be based on a single technology or a combination of 
technologies.'' \38\ The SBA has developed a small business size 
standard for this category, which is: All such firms having 1,500 or 
fewer employees.\39\ Census data for 2007 shows that there were 3,188 
firms that operated for the duration of that year.\40\ Of those, 3,144 
had fewer than 1,000 employees, and 44 firms had more than 1,000 
employees. Thus under this category and the associated small business 
size standard, the majority of such firms can be considered small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 517110 Wired 
Telecommunications Carriers, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=517110&search=2012 (last visited May 5, 2014).
    \39\ U.S. Small Business Administration, Table of Small Business 
Size Standards Matched to North American Industry Classification 
System Codes, at 28 (2014), https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/size_table_01222014.pdf.
    \40\ See U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder, 2007 Economic 
Census of the United States, Table No. EC0751SSSZ5, Establishment 
and Firm Size: Employment Size of Firms for the United States: 2007, 
NAICS code 517110, https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_51SSSZ5 
(last visited May 7, 2014).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    183. Cable Companies and Systems. The Commission has also developed 
its own small business size standards, for the purpose of cable rate 
regulation. Under the Commission's rules, a ``small cable company'' is 
one serving 400,000 or fewer subscribers, nationwide.\41\ Industry data 
indicate that of approximately 1,100 cable operators nationwide, all 
but ten are small under this size standard.\42\ In addition, under the 
Commission's rules, a ``small system'' is a cable system serving 15,000 
or fewer subscribers.\43\ Current Commission records show 4,945 cable 
systems nationwide.\44\ Of this total, 4,380 cable systems have fewer 
than 20,000 subscribers, and 565 systems have 20,000 or more 
subscribers, based on the same records. Thus, under this standard, we 
estimate that most cable systems are small entities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ 47 CFR 76.901(e). The Commission determined that this size 
standard equates approximately to a size standard of $100 million or 
less in annual revenues. Implementation of Sections of the 1992 
Cable Act: Rate Regulation, Sixth Report and Order and Eleventh 
Order on Reconsideration, 10 FCC Rcd 7393, 7408 (1995).
    \42\ Industry Data, National Cable & Telecommunications 
Association, https://www.ncta.com/industry-data (last visited May 6, 
2014); R.R. Bowker, Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook 2010, ``Top 25 
Cable/Satellite Operators,'' p. C-2 (data current as of December, 
2008).
    \43\ 47 CFR 76.901(c).
    \44\ The number of active, registered cable systems comes from 
the Commission's Cable Operations and Licensing System (COALS) 
database on Aug. 28, 2013. A cable system is a physical system 
integrated to a principal headend.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    184. Cable System Operators. The Communications Act of 1934, as 
amended, also contains a size standard for small cable system 
operators, which is ``a cable operator that, directly or through an 
affiliate, serves in the aggregate fewer than 1 percent of all 
subscribers in the United States and is not affiliated with any entity 
or entities whose gross annual revenues in the aggregate exceed 
$250,000,000.'' \45\ The Commission has determined that an operator 
serving fewer than 677,000 subscribers shall be deemed a small 
operator, if its annual revenues, when combined with the total annual 
revenues of all its affiliates, do not exceed $250 million in the 
aggregate.\46\ Industry data indicate that of approximately 1,100 cable 
operators nationwide, all but ten are small under this size 
standard.\47\ We note that the Commission neither requests nor collects 
information on whether cable system operators are affiliated with 
entities whose gross annual revenues exceed $250 million,\48\ and 
therefore we are unable to estimate more accurately the number of cable 
system operators that would qualify as small under this size standard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ 47 U.S.C. 543(m)(2); see 47 CFR 76.901(f) & nn. 1-3.
    \46\ 47 CFR 76.901(f); see Public Notice, FCC Announces New 
Subscriber Count for the Definition of Small Cable Operator, DA 01-
158 (Cable Services Bureau, Jan. 24, 2001).
    \47\ R.R. Bowker, Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook 2006, ``Top 25 
Cable/Satellite Operators,'' pages A-8 & C-2 (data current as of 
June 30, 2005); Warren Communications News, Television & Cable 
Factbook 2006, ``Ownership of Cable Systems in the United States,'' 
pp. D-1805 to D-1857.
    \48\ The Commission does receive such information on a case-by-
case basis if a cable operator appeals a local franchise authority's 
finding that the operator does not qualify as a small cable operator 
pursuant to 76.901(f) of the Commission's rules. See 47 CFR 
76.909(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    185. Direct Broadcast Satellite (``DBS'') Service. DBS service is a 
nationally distributed subscription service that delivers video and 
audio programming via satellite to a small parabolic ``dish'' antenna 
at the

[[Page 69411]]

subscriber's location. DBS, by exception, is now included in the SBA's 
broad economic census category, Wired Telecommunications Carriers,\49\ 
which was developed for small wireline firms. Under this category, the 
SBA deems a wireline business to be small if it has 1,500 or fewer 
employees.\50\ To gauge small business prevalence for the DBS service, 
the Commission relies on data currently available from the U.S. Census 
for the year 2007. According to that source, there were 3,188 firms 
that in 2007 were Wired Telecommunications Carriers. Of these, 3,144 
operated with less than 1,000 employees, and 44 operated with more than 
1,000 employees. However, as to the latter 44 there is no data 
available that shows how many operated with more than 1,500 employees. 
Based on this data, the majority of these firms can be considered 
small.\51\ Currently, only two entities provide DBS service, which 
requires a great investment of capital for operation: DIRECTV and 
EchoStar Communications Corporation (``EchoStar'') (marketed as the 
DISH Network).\52\ Each currently offers subscription services. DIRECTV 
\53\ and EchoStar \54\ each report annual revenues that are in excess 
of the threshold for a small business. Because DBS service requires 
significant capital, we believe it is unlikely that a small entity as 
defined by the SBA would have the financial wherewithal to become a DBS 
service provider.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ See 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 517110).
    \50\ Id.
    \51\ See U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0751SSSZ5, Information: 
Subject Series--Establishment and Firm Size: Employment Size of 
Firms for the United States: 2007 (NAICS code 517110), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_51SSSZ5.
    \52\ See Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the 
Market for the Delivery of Video Programming, Fifteenth Annual 
Report, MB Docket No. 12-203, 28 FCC Rcd 10496, 10507, para. 27 
(2013) (``15th Annual Report'').
    \53\ As of June 2012, DIRECTV is the largest DBS operator and 
the second largest MVPD, serving an estimated 19.8% of MVPD 
subscribers nationwide. See 15th Annual Report, 28 FCC Rcd at 687, 
Table B-3.
    \54\ As of June 2012, DISH Network is the second largest DBS 
operator and the third largest MVPD, serving an estimated 13.01% of 
MVPD subscribers nationwide. Id. As of June 2006, Dominion served 
fewer than 500,000 subscribers, which may now be receiving ``Sky 
Angel'' service from DISH Network. See id. at 581, para. 76.
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    186. Cable and Other Subscription Programming. This industry 
comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating studios and 
facilities for the broadcasting of programs on a subscription or fee 
basis. The broadcast programming is typically narrowcast in nature 
(e.g., limited format, such as news, sports, education, or youth-
oriented). These establishments produce programming in their own 
facilities or acquire programming. The programming material is usually 
delivered to a third party, such as cable systems or direct-to-home 
satellite systems, for transmission to viewers.\55\ The SBA size 
standard for this industry establishes as small any company in this 
category which receives annual receipts of $38.5 million or less.\56\ 
Based on U.S. Census data for 2007, a total of 659 establishments 
operated for the entire year.\57\ Of that 659, 197 operated with annual 
receipts of $10 million or more. The remaining 462 establishments 
operated with annual receipts of less than $10 million. Based on this 
data, the Commission estimates that the majority of establishments 
operating in this industry are small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 515210 Cable 
and Other Subscription Programming, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=515210&search=2012 (last visited Mar. 6, 
2014).
    \56\ See 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 515210).
    \57\ See U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0751SSSZ1, Information: 
Subject Series--Establishment and Firm Size: Receipts Size of 
Establishments for the United States: 2007 (NAICS code 515210), 
https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_51SSSZ1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    187. Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications 
Equipment Manufacturing. The Census Bureau defines this category as 
follows: ``This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in 
manufacturing radio and television broadcast and wireless 
communications equipment. Examples of products made by these 
establishments are: Transmitting and receiving antennas, cable 
television equipment, GPS equipment, pagers, cellular phones, mobile 
communications equipment, and radio and television studio and 
broadcasting equipment.'' \58\ The SBA has developed a small business 
size standard for Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless 
Communications Equipment Manufacturing, which is: All such firms having 
750 or fewer employees.\59\ According to Census Bureau data for 2007, 
there were a total of 939 establishments in this category that operated 
for part or all of the entire year. Of this total, 912 had less than 
500 employees and 17 had more than 1000 employees.\60\ Thus, under that 
size standard, the majority of firms can be considered small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 334220 Radio 
and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment 
Manufacturing, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=334220&search=2012 (last visited Mar. 6, 2014).
    \59\ 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 334220).
    \60\ See U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0731SG3, Manufacturing: 
Summary Series: General Summary: Industry Statistics for Subsectors 
and Industries by Employment Size: 2007 (NAICS code 334220), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_31SG3.
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    188. Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing. The SBA has 
classified the manufacturing of audio and video equipment under in 
NAICS Codes classification scheme as an industry in which a 
manufacturer is small if it has fewer than 750 employees.\61\ Data 
contained in the 2007 U.S. Census indicate that 492 establishments 
operated in that industry for all or part of that year. In that year, 
488 establishments had fewer than 500 employees; and only 1 had more 
than 1000 employees.\62\ Thus, under the applicable size standard, a 
majority of manufacturers of audio and video equipment may be 
considered small.
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    \61\ 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 334310).
    \62\ See U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0731SG3, Manufacturing: 
Summary Series: General Summary: Industry Statistics for Subsectors 
and Industries by Employment Size: 2007 (NAICS code 334310), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_31SG3.
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    189. Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except satellite). The 
Census Bureau defines this category as follows: ``This industry 
comprises establishments engaged in operating and maintaining switching 
and transmission facilities to provide communications via the airwaves. 
Establishments in this industry have spectrum licenses and provide 
services using that spectrum, such as cellular phone services, paging 
services, wireless Internet access, and wireless video services.'' \63\ 
The appropriate size standard under SBA rules is for the category 
Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite). The size 
standard for that category is that a business is small if it has 1,500 
or fewer employees.\64\ For this category, census data for 2007 show 
that there were 1,383 firms that operated for the entire year.\65\ Of 
this total, 1,368 firms had employment of 999 or fewer employees and 15 
had employment of

[[Page 69412]]

1000 employees or more.\66\ Similarly, according to Commission data, 
413 carriers reported that they were engaged in the provision of 
wireless telephony, including cellular service, PCS, and Specialized 
Mobile Radio (``SMR'') Telephony services.\67\ Of these, an estimated 
261 have 1,500 or fewer employees and 152 have more than 1,500 
employees.\68\ Consequently, the Commission estimates that 
approximately half or more of these firms can be considered small. 
Thus, using available data, we estimate that the majority of wireless 
firms can be considered small.
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    \63\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 517210 Wireless 
Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite), https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=517210&search=2012 
(last visited Mar. 6, 2014).
    \64\ 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 517210).
    \65\ U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0751SSSZ5, Information: 
Subject Series--Establishment and Firm Size: Employment Size of 
Firms for the United States: 2007 (NAICS code 517210), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_51SSSZ5.
    \66\ Id. Available census data do not provide a more precise 
estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or 
fewer employees; the largest category provided is for firms with 
1000 employees or more.
    \67\ See Trends in Telephone Service at Table 5.3.
    \68\ See id.
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    190. Manufacturers of Unlicensed Devices. In the context of this 
FRFA, manufacturers of Part 15 unlicensed devices that are operated in 
the UHF-TV band (channels 14-51) for wireless data transfer fall into 
the category of Radio and Television and Wireless Communications 
Equipment Manufacturing. The Census Bureau defines this category as 
follows: ``This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in 
manufacturing radio and television broadcast and wireless 
communications equipment. Examples of products made by these 
establishments are: Transmitting and receiving antennas, cable 
television equipment, GPS equipment, pagers, cellular phones, mobile 
communications equipment, and radio and television studio and 
broadcasting equipment.'' \69\ The SBA has developed the small business 
size standard for this category as firms having 750 or fewer 
employees.\70\ According to Census Bureau data for 2007, there were a 
total of 939 establishments in this category that operated for the 
entire year.\71\ Of this total, 912 had less than 500 employees and 17 
had more than 1000 employees. Thus, under that size standard, the 
majority of firms can be considered small.
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    \69\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 334220 Radio 
and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment 
Manufacturing, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=334220&search=2012 (last visited Mar. 6, 2014).
    \70\ 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS code 334220).
    \71\ U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0731SG3, Manufacturing: 
Summary Series: General Summary: Industry Statistics for Subsectors 
and Industries by Employment Size: 2007 (NAICS code 334220), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_31SG3.
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    191. Personal Radio Services/Wireless Medical Telemetry Service 
(``WMTS''). Personal radio services provide short-range, low power 
radio for personal communications, radio signaling, and business 
communications not provided for in other services. The Personal Radio 
Services include spectrum licensed under part 95 of our rules.\72\ 
These services include Citizen Band Radio Service (``CB''), General 
Mobile Radio Service (``GMRS''), Radio Control Radio Service (``R/C''), 
Family Radio Service (``FRS''), Wireless Medical Telemetry Service 
(``WMTS''), Medical Implant Communications Service (``MICS''), Low 
Power Radio Service (``LPRS''), and Multi-Use Radio Service 
(``MURS'').\73\ There are a variety of methods used to license the 
spectrum in these rule parts, from licensing by rule, to conditioning 
operation on successful completion of a required test, to site-based 
licensing, to geographic area licensing. Under the RFA, the Commission 
is required to make a determination of which small entities are 
directly affected by the rules adopted. Since all such entities are 
wireless, we apply the definition of Wireless Telecommunications 
Carriers (except Satellite), pursuant to which a small entity is 
defined as employing 1,500 or fewer persons.\74\ For this category, 
census data for 2007 show that there were 1,383 firms that operated for 
the entire year.\75\ Of this total, 1,368 firms had employment of 999 
or fewer employees and 15 had employment of 1000 employees or more.\76\ 
Thus under this category and the associated small business size 
standard, the Commission estimates that the majority of personal radio 
service and WMTS providers are small entities.
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    \72\ 47 CFR part 95.
    \73\ The Citizens Band Radio Service, General Mobile Radio 
Service, Radio Control Radio Service, Family Radio Service, Wireless 
Medical Telemetry Service, Medical Implant Communications Service, 
Low Power Radio Service, and Multi-Use Radio Service are governed by 
subpart D, subpart A, subpart C, subpart B, subpart H, subpart I, 
subpart G, and subpart J, respectively, of part 95 of the 
Commission's rules. See generally 47 CFR part 95.
    \74\ 13 CFR 121.201 (NAICS Code 517210).
    \75\ U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0751SSSZ5, Information: 
Subject Series--Establishment and Firm Size: Employment Size of 
Firms for the United States: 2007 (NAICS code 517210), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_51SSSZ5.
    \76\ Id. Available census data do not provide a more precise 
estimate of the number of firms that have employment of 1,500 or 
fewer employees; the largest category provided is for firms with 
1000 employees or more.
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    192. However, we note that many of the licensees in these services 
are individuals, and thus are not small entities. In addition, due to 
the mostly unlicensed and shared nature of the spectrum utilized in 
many of these services, the Commission lacks direct information upon 
which to base a more specific estimation of the number of small 
entities under an SBA definition that might be directly affected by our 
action.
    193. Motion Picture and Video Production. The Census Bureau defines 
this category as follows: ``This industry comprises establishments 
primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion 
pictures, videos, television programs, or television commercials.'' 
\77\ The SBA has developed a small business size standard for this 
category, which is: all such businesses having $30 million dollars or 
less in annual receipts.\78\ Census data for 2007 show that there were 
9,478 establishments that operated that year.\79\ Of that number, 9,128 
had annual receipts of $24,999,999 or less, and 350 had annual receipts 
ranging from not less than $25,000,000 to $100,000,000 or more.\80\ 
Thus, under this size standard, the majority of such businesses can be 
considered small entities.
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    \77\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 512110 Motion 
Picture and Video Production, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=512110&search=2012 (last visited Mar. 6, 2014).
    \78\ 13 CFR 121.201, 2012 NAICS code 512110.
    \79\ U.S. Census Bureau, Table No. EC0751SSSZ5, Information: 
Subject Series--Establishment and Firm Size: Employment Size of 
Firms for the United States: 2007 (NAICS code 512110), https://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ECN_2007_US_51SSSZ5.
    \80\ See id.
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    194. Radio Broadcasting. The SBA defines a radio broadcast station 
as a small business if such station has no more than $38.5 million in 
annual receipts.\81\ Business concerns included in this industry are 
those ``primarily engaged in broadcasting aural programs by radio to 
the public.'' \82\ According to review of the BIA Publications, Inc. 
Master Access Radio Analyzer Database as of November 26, 2013, about 
11,331 (or about 99.9 percent) of 11,341 commercial radio stations have 
revenues of $35.5 million or less and thus qualify as small entities 
under the SBA definition. The Commission notes, however, that, in 
assessing whether a business concern qualifies as small under the above 
definition, business (control) affiliations \83\ must be included. This 
estimate, therefore, likely

[[Page 69413]]

overstates the number of small entities that might be affected, because 
the revenue figure on which it is based does not include or aggregate 
revenues from affiliated companies.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \81\ 13 CFR 121.201, 2012 NAICS code 515112.
    \82\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions: 515112 Radio 
Broadcasting, https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=515112&search=2012 (last visited Mar. 6, 2014).
    \83\ See n.14.
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    195. In addition, an element of the definition of ``small 
business'' is that the entity not be dominant in its field of 
operation. The Commission is unable at this time to define or quantify 
the criteria that would establish whether a specific radio station is 
dominant in its field of operation. Accordingly, the estimate of small 
businesses to which rules may apply does not exclude any radio station 
from the definition of a small business on this basis and therefore may 
be over-inclusive to that extent. Also, as noted, an additional element 
of the definition of ``small business'' is that the entity must be 
independently owned and operated. The Commission notes that it is 
difficult at times to assess these criteria in the context of media 
entities and the estimates of small businesses to which they apply may 
be over-inclusive to this extent.
    196. Radio, Television, and Other Electronics Stores. The Census 
Bureau defines this economic census category as follows: ``This U.S. 
industry comprises: (1) Establishments known as consumer electronics 
stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of new consumer-
type electronic products such as televisions, computers, and cameras; 
(2) establishments specializing in retailing a single line of consumer-
type electronic products; (3) establishments primarily engaged in 
retailing these new electronic products in combination with repair and 
support services; (4) establishments primarily engaged in retailing new 
prepackaged computer software; and/or (5) establishments primarily 
engaged in retailing prerecorded audio and video media, such as CDs, 
DVDs, and tapes.'' \84\ The SBA has developed a small business size 
standard for Electronic Stores, which is: All such firms having $32.5 
million or less in annual receipts.\85\ According to Census Bureau data 
for 2007, there were 11,358 firms in this category that operated for 
the entire year.\86\ Of this total, 11,323 firms had annual receipts of 
under $25 million, and 35 firms had receipts of $25 million or more but 
less than $50 million.\87\ Thus, the majority of firms in this category 
can be considered small.
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    \84\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 NAICS Definitions, 443142 
Electronics,https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=443142&search=2012 NAICS Search (last visited May 6, 
2014).
    \85\ 13 CFR 121.201, NAICS code 443142.
    \86\ U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census, Subject Series: 
Retail Trade, Estab & Firm Size: Summary Statistics by Sales Size of 
Firms for the United States: 2007, NAICS code 443142 (released 
2010), https://www2.census.gov/econ2007/EC/sector44/EC0744SSSZ4.zip 
(last visited May 7, 2014). Though the current small business size 
standard for electronic store receipts is $30 million or less in 
annual receipts, in 2007 the small business size standard was $9 
million or less in annual receipts. In 2007, there were 11,214 firms 
in this category that operated for the entire year. Of this total, 
10,963 firms had annual receipts of under $5 million, and 251 firms 
had receipts of $5 million or more but less than $10 million. Id.
    \87\ Id. An additional 33 firms had annual receipts of $50 
million or more.
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Description of Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance 
Requirements

    197. Use of databases. The NPRM seeks comment on the use of use of 
databases. Wireless microphone technologies today do not use a database 
as a mechanism for indicating to the wireless microphone user that 
particular frequencies in a particular area were available, such as at 
particular locations that were not being used by other users with 
priority over the wireless microphone users. White space devices 
operating in the TV bands must access a database to determine that 
spectrum is available for their operations and that they would not 
potentially be interfering with other users at specified locations and 
times.\88\ Would wireless microphone systems potentially benefit from 
the ability to access to a database? Could requiring use of a database 
for gaining access to spectrum in a particular band or identifying 
particular locations and times where they may operate without causing 
interference to other users in the band help to mitigate or eliminate 
the concerns of other users in the band that wireless microphone 
operations might cause harmful interference to these other users? What 
might be the costs and benefits of developing and using a database, and 
would these differ depending on the needs of particular types of 
wireless microphone users?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \88\ 47 CFR 15.711(b)(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    198. Use of other technologies that promote opportunities to access 
additional spectrum. We seek comment on other technological 
advancements that could promote greater opportunities for wireless 
microphones to share use of spectrum in different bands.
    199. Are there technological advances that are currently available 
or contemplated that better enable wireless microphones to adjust 
dynamically to a particular interference environment, either 
automatically or through coordination, to promote more efficient use 
among the wireless microphones or among wireless microphones and other 
users in the band? For instance, could devices that include 
sophisticated dynamic power variability capabilities help promote more 
intensive use of the spectrum resource in a given area? Would these 
more dynamic capabilities enable wireless microphones to vary or adjust 
power levels to minimize or eliminate interference to other users in a 
particular setting, or facilitate more re-use of the available 
spectrum? We invite comment on whether technological advances along 
these lines could both facilitate more efficient use of the spectrum 
while also helping to ensure that they do not cause harmful 
interference to other users of the spectrum.
    200. Are there particular technologies, such as an ``electronic 
key'' or similar mechanism, that would ensure that a wireless 
microphone device be able to access and operate only on particular 
frequencies at particular locations and times, but nowhere else, thus 
eliminating the potential for harmful interference to other users (such 
as other users with primary or superior spectrum rights are 
particularly sensitive to harmful interference) and by so doing provide 
additional opportunities for wireless microphone operations in bands? 
\89\ Are there other approaches that would effectively limit wireless 
microphone operation to particular locations, thus protecting other 
operators from harmful interference? We seek broad comment on the 
development and use of these types of mechanisms and the tradeoffs or 
practicalities associated with them. Are there particular scenarios or 
bands in which use of these mechanisms could provide additional 
opportunities to access spectrum?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \89\ See Section III.C.8, above (discussion of use of an 
electronic key when accessing the 1.4 GHz band).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    201. Other technological advances. Are there other technological 
advancements that could help to ensure that the various different 
wireless microphone users' needs are accommodated over the longer term? 
What are they? Are there actions the Commission should take to promote 
these developments so that they occur in a timely fashion?
    202. In this proceeding, the Commission invites comment on 
potential revisions to the existing rules for Part 74 wireless 
microphone (and other LPAS) operations in the spectrum that will remain 
allocated for TV services following the repacking process. 
Specifically, we invite comment on revisions to the technical rules for 
LPAS operations on the VHF

[[Page 69414]]

band; on permitting licensed LPAS operations on channels in locations 
closer to the television stations (including within the DTV contour), 
without the need for coordination, provided that the television signal 
falls below specified technical thresholds; on adoption of the ETSI 
emission mask standard for analog and digital wireless microphones; and 
general comment on other potential revisions concerning licensed LPAS 
operations in the TV bands.
    203. Consumer Education and Outreach. We seek comment on the 
consumer education and outreach efforts that should be employed to 
educate wireless microphone users, particularly unlicensed users 
operating in the repurposed 600 MHz band. Our goals are to make 
information available so users are aware that they must cease operating 
their wireless microphones on the repurposed 600 MHz Band no later than 
the end of the transition period (i.e., 39 months after the release of 
the Channel Reassignment PN); to set in motion a process so they are 
aware of relevant factors concerning the operation of wireless 
microphones that are currently in use; and to establish a means for 
users to locate additional spectrum and equipment for their operations. 
A successful consumer education and outreach campaign will involve the 
Commission staff working with a broad group of interested entities, 
including wireless microphone manufacturers, wireless microphones 
users, and user representatives.
    204. Given that a portion of the UHF spectrum that is currently 
used and available for wireless microphone operations may no longer be 
available following the incentive auction,\90\ we seek comment on how 
wireless microphone users can be provided access to information on the 
specific frequencies and the geographic areas of repurposed spectrum 
that will no longer be available for wireless microphone use at the end 
of the transition. What specific information should be provided to 
wireless microphone users to ensure that they know the requirements for 
operating in the repurposed spectrum during the transition period and 
the need to exit the band by the end of the transition? Although the 
Channel Reassignment PN will provide information on the spectrum that 
will be repurposed and no longer available for wireless 
microphones,\91\ we first seek comment on what steps can be taken to 
provide wireless microphone users with information on the transition 
prior to the auction. For example, we seek comment on whether 
explanations could be provided on the Commission's Web site and on the 
Web sites of manufacturers that would explain the steps required under 
the Commission's rules to vacate the repurposed 600 MHz Band, and any 
information on alternative spectrum that is currently available outside 
of this spectrum, as well any additional spectrum bands that may become 
available for wireless microphone operations beyond those already 
provided for in the rules.\92\
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    \90\ Incentive Auction R&O, 29 FCC Rcd 6704-05 para. 316.
    \91\ In addition to initiating the 39-month transition period, 
the Channel Reassignment PN will identify the new channel 
assignments for full power and Class A television stations that have 
been reassigned to different channels resulting from the incentive 
auction and the repacking process. See Incentive Auction R&O, 29 FCC 
Rcd at 6782 para. 525.
    \92\ Elsewhere in the NPRM, we seek comment on whether a number 
of other spectrum bands should be allocated for wireless microphone 
use. See Sections III.C.5, III.C.8, and III C.10, above.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    205. What other means should be employed to provide wireless 
microphone users notice of the repurposed spectrum that will be 
assigned to new wireless licensees, including the specific frequencies 
in the UHF spectrum and the geographic locations that will no longer be 
available for wireless microphone operations? We seek comment on 
whether it would it be beneficial for wireless microphone users to have 
access to a database that identifies spectrum in the repurposed 600 MHz 
Band. For example, should some form of online mapping tool be made 
available to allow users to enter the location and operating 
frequencies of a wireless microphone and determine whether it operates 
in the repurposed 600 MHz Band? In the event that a database or similar 
approach is adopted, we seek comment on who should be responsible for 
developing and maintaining (hosting) it, including who should be 
responsible for its cost. Commenters should provide quantitative and 
qualitative data on costs and benefits of their proposals.
    206. Further, should the Commission work with wireless microphone 
manufacturers to obtain information on models of wireless microphones 
that the Commission could list on its Web site? For example, this 
information could include a list all models of wireless microphones 
sold in the U.S., and all wireless microphone models that operate in 
the repurposed 600 MHz Band, as well as where on the device or in its 
product literature the user could look to determine the frequencies on 
which it is capable of operating.\93\ We seek comment on whether making 
this type of information publically available would help to facilitate 
a smooth transition from the 600 MHz Band.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \93\ As part of the transition of wireless microphones from the 
700 MHz band, the Commission made available a list of many wireless 
microphones that operated on the 700 MHz band, as provided by a 
number of manufacturers. See https://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/wireless-microphones-manufacturers-equipment-list. Wireless 
microphone users could look at this information and determine if 
their devices were 700 MHz wireless microphones and thus could not 
be used after the transition deadline, or given information to 
contact the Commission for additional assistance if the manufacturer 
of their devices was not listed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    207. In addition to steps that may involve manufacturers, we seek 
comment on what steps other parties associated with the sale and 
operation of wireless microphones may be able to take to provide users 
with information relevant to the transition. These other parties may 
include: Wireless microphone distributors and retailers; parties that 
lease or manage wireless microphones; trade associations and user 
groups, including those that have participated in Commission 
proceedings concerning wireless microphones; organizations that host 
Web sites and publish information that addresses wireless microphone 
operations and use or are reasonably expected to have significant 
numbers of wireless microphone users among their members and readers; 
and engineering and industry associations or other groups with members 
that use or operate wireless microphones. Involvement in education and 
outreach by these parties will be essential, given users' investment in 
wireless microphone equipment and the upcoming changes regarding 
wireless microphone use, including the requirement that they vacate the 
600 MHz Band. Further, it is important that education and outreach 
extend to information concerning any newly-allocated spectrum for 
wireless microphone operations and the potential for users to opt for a 
suite of wireless microphones operating in different spectrum bands and 
with different capabilities, depending on the user's specific 
requirements. We note that wireless microphone users can encompass a 
wide range of entities, including both licensed and unlicensed users, 
and parties with differing levels of wireless microphone needs and 
expertise covering many different applications. Based on these 
considerations, it is likely that the need for information on the 
various spectrum bands that will be available for wireless microphone 
operations, and the conditions specific to each, will be vital. We seek 
comment on these matters, and on what steps can be taken to assure

[[Page 69415]]

that the information to educate users on the transition will be 
commensurate with the appropriate needs and levels of expertise of all 
users.
    208. The Commission seeks comment on what additional information we 
should make available for wireless microphone users, including 
Commission-issued consumer ``fact sheets'' and ``frequently asked 
questions'' (``FAQ's'') which would address, among other matters, 
information on operation in the 600 MHz Band, the reason for the need 
to operate on frequencies outside of that band following the 
transition, the availability of other frequency bands for wireless 
microphone use, and the need to comply with Commission rules. We 
further seek comment on how to release or distribute these materials in 
order to most effectively and efficiently reach the target audience of 
wireless microphone users.
    209. The Commission seeks comment on the specific actions that 
wireless microphone manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other 
entities comprising the wireless microphone community should take to 
inform the wide range of wireless microphone users about the ongoing 
developments concerning wireless microphone use--particularly the need 
to vacate the repurposed 600 MHz Band, the timetable for doing so, and 
the conditions for operating in the band during the transition period. 
We seek comment on whether and to what extent these entities can make 
this type of information available, including, as appropriate, by 
posting it on their Web sites, including it in all sales literature, or 
taking other steps to inform current or potential wireless microphone 
users of matters concerning the operation of their devices. We also 
seek comment on whether manufacturers would consider rebates, equipment 
trade-ins, or similar programs to facilitate the transition, and what 
effect the 39-month transition period would have on a decision to 
implement such a program. In addition, we seek comment on the economic 
costs and benefits of adopting consumer outreach measures.
    210. Disclosure Requirements. The Commission proposes to revise our 
point-of-sale disclosure requirement that the Commission adopted in the 
Wireless Microphone Report and Order in order to provide information to 
wireless microphone users that may have to purchase or lease new 
equipment so that they can vacate the repurposed 600 MHz Band. In the 
TV Bands Wireless Microphones Report and Order, the Commission adopted 
a point-of-sale requirement to help assure that consumers were informed 
of their rights and obligations if they chose to operate wireless 
microphones and other low power auxiliary stations in the core TV bands 
(defined in the rule as channels 2-51, excluding channel 37).\94\ 
Specifically, the Commission adopted a requirement for manufacturers 
and distributors of wireless microphones that operate in the core TV 
bands to provide a written disclosure informing consumers of the 
requirements for operating devices in that spectrum and to display the 
disclosure at the point of sale and on their Web sites.\95\ The 
Commission also provided that persons who manufacture or market 
wireless microphones destined for export and capable of operating in 
the 700 MHz Band must include labeling stating that the devices cannot 
be used in the United States.\96\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \94\ See TV Bands Wireless Microphones R&O, 25 FCC Rcd at 687-
691 paras. 91-106.
    \95\ See TV Bands Wireless Microphone R&O, 25 FCC Rcd at 688-689 
para. 96; 47 CFR 15.216. The required disclosure states: ``Most 
users do not need a license to operate this wireless microphone 
system. Nevertheless, operating this microphone system without a 
license is subject to certain restrictions: The system may not cause 
harmful interference; it must operate at a low power level (not in 
excess of 50 milliwatts); and it has no protection from interference 
received from any other device. Purchasers should also be aware that 
the FCC is currently evaluating use of wireless microphone systems, 
and these rules are subject to change. For more information, call 
the FCC at 1-888-CALL-FCC (TTY: 1-888-TELL-FCC) or visit the FCC's 
wireless microphone Web site at https://www.fcc.gov/cgb/wirelessmicrophones.'' See 47 CFR 15.216, Appendix. The Commission 
noted that manufacturers and distributors could satisfy the 
disclosure requirement in more than one way, including by displaying 
the text in a prominent manner on the product box via a label or 
sticker; displaying the text immediately adjacent to the device in a 
manner clearly associated with the device; and, for wireless 
microphones offered online or via direct mail or catalog, displaying 
the text in close proximity to the images and descriptions of each 
wireless microphone. See TV Bands Wireless Microphones Report and 
Order, 25 FCC Rcd at 689 para. 100.
    \96\ See TV Bands Wireless Microphones R&O, 25 FCC Rcd at 666 
para. 43; see also 47 CFR 74.851(h). In the TV Bands Wireless 
Microphones FNPRM, the Commission also sought comment on whether to 
adopt labeling and other marketing restrictions to help ensure that 
devices certificated as low power auxiliary stations under part 74 
were marketed only to parties eligible for a part 74 license. In 
particular, the Commission sought comment on whether to require 
manufacturers to direct marketing of part 74-certificated devices 
only to parties eligible to operate them; whether to require 
manufacturers to track the parties to whom their products are 
marketed; whether to require manufacturers to provide a label 
visible at the time of purchase or instructions in the user manual 
advising purchasers of the requirement to obtain a license; and 
whether to prohibit manufacturers and distributors from selling 
devices certificated under Part 74 unless the sale is to a party 
that has committed in writing that it is a bona fide reseller or 
eligible for a license under Part 74. See TV Bands Wireless 
Microphones FNPRM, 25 FCC Rcd at 701-702 paras. 141-144.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    211. We propose to revise the existing point-of-sale disclosure 
requirement in order to facilitate a smoother transition in which 
wireless microphone users are informed of the need to vacate the 
repurposed 600 MHz Band, while fully understanding their rights and 
obligations during the transition period and at the end of the 
transition period. With regard to sales of wireless microphones that 
are capable of operating in repurposed spectrum, we propose to require 
that such sales include point-of-sale disclosures that inform buyers 
that they are buying a microphone that cannot be used in certain 
frequencies following the transition. We also seek comment on how 
point-of-sale disclosures could be designed to effectively address any 
ban on manufacturing and marketing of wireless microphones that are 
capable of operating in the repurposed 600 MHz Band.\97\ We propose 
that the revised point-of-sale disclosures should direct buyers to the 
manufacturer's toll free telephone number or the manufacturer's Web 
site where the buyer can obtain more detailed information on the extent 
to which the microphone may be affected by repurposing of 600 MHz Band. 
Should we retain the existing language in the point-of-sale disclosure 
requirement that includes the Commission's toll free number and the 
Commission's Web site where users can obtain additional information on 
the operation of wireless microphones during the transition period and 
after the transition period? What other information should be included 
in the disclosure?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \97\ See infra Section III.C.1.b(iii).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    212. We propose that the effective date for any disclosure 
requirement, including a point-of-sale requirement, which we may adopt 
in connection with this or a related proceeding, shall be 12 months 
after the release of the Channel Reassignment PN--which will mark the 
effective date of channel reassignments based on the repacking process, 
specify any specific channel assignments for television stations that 
will continue to broadcast, and start the clock running on the post-
auction transition period--or should some other date be used instead? 
We seek comment on the particular factors that should enter into this 
determination. We note that in adopting the current disclosure 
requirement, the Commission stated that it would remain in effect until 
the effective date of the final rules adopted in response to the 2010 
TV Bands Wireless Microphones FNPRM.\98\
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    \98\ See TV Bands Wireless Microphones FNPRM, 25 FCC Rcd at 689 
para. 100.

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[[Page 69416]]

E. Steps Taken To Minimize Significant Economic Impact on Small 
Entities, and Significant Alternatives Considered

    213. The RFA requires an agency to describe any significant 
alternatives that it has considered in reaching its proposed approach, 
which may include the following four alternatives (among others): (1) 
The establishment of differing compliance or reporting requirements or 
timetables that take into account the resources available to small 
entities; (2) the clarification, consolidation, or simplification of 
compliance or reporting requirements under the rule for small entities; 
(3) the use of performance, rather than design, standards; and (4) an 
exemption from coverage of the rule, or any part thereof, for small 
entities.\99\
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    \99\ See 5 U.S.C. 603(c).
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    214. In the NPRM we request comment on whether, apart from 
establishing such a TV signal threshold, we should adopt any other 
safeguards to ensure that licensed wireless microphone operators comply 
with this threshold and do not otherwise cause harmful interference to 
TV reception. We note at the outset that because we would limit these 
types of operations to licensed wireless microphone users, we would 
expect such users to have the requisite wireless microphone systems, as 
well as technical and operational abilities, to be able to determine 
the level of the co-channel TV signals at a given location, and thus 
would be able to comply with any threshold rule that we adopted. Is 
this a reasonable expectation? To what extent would a wireless 
microphone operations require a low TV signal to be able operate 
effectively on a co-channel basis? Should we require licensed wireless 
microphone users to register their co-channel operations in the TV 
bands databases, which could provide information to any television 
licensee concerned about possible harmful interference? Are there other 
actions we should take?
    215. As an alternative approach, the Commission seeks comment on 
whether it should permit co-channel licensed wireless microphone 
operations in indoor venues, such as in theaters or music auditoriums. 
Could an appropriate approach towards indoor operations be developed 
that would also effectively preclude harmful interference to any 
potential TV viewers at indoor locations? For instance, could certain 
locations be readily identified where wireless microphone operations 
can be permitted, provided of course that they are operated consistent 
with applicable technical requirements, including power limits and out-
of-bound emissions requirements? Or, considering that in order to 
operate effectively wireless microphones need access to channels that 
are sufficiently interference-free, is it reasonable to expect that co-
channel wireless microphone operations would only take place in indoor 
locations on channels with relatively low or effectively non-existent 
TV signal, and thus conclude that such operations would not be likely 
to effectively harm TV viewers? Some commenters in the incentive 
auction proceeding suggested that such operations may already take 
place without incident.\100\ As we explore this approach, the 
Commission seeks comment on the benefits or downsides of allowing 
licensed wireless microphone operations at indoor locations, or at 
specified types of indoor locations. We ask that commenters provide any 
technical analysis bases for their recommendations.
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    \100\ See, e.g., Sennheiser Reply Comments (Docket No. 12-268) 
at 18.
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    216. We also invite comment on other approaches that we should take 
on expanding wireless microphone operations on a co-channel basis 
closer to television station operations. Again, commenters proposing 
any alternative approaches should provide technical analyses to support 
their approaches, and discuss the benefits of such an approach and how 
their approaches would not cause harmful interference to channels that 
would be used for wireless microphone operations.

F. Federal Rules That May Duplicate, Overlap, or Conflict With the 
Proposed Rule

    217. None.

Congressional Review Act

    218. The Commission will send a copy of the Notice of Proposed 
Rulemaking to Congress and the Government Accountability Office 
pursuant to the Congressional Review Act, see 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A).

Ordering Clauses

    219. Pursuant to sections 1, 4(i), 7(a), 301, 303(f), 303(g), 
303(r), 307(e) and 332 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 
47 U.S.C. 151, 154(i), 157(a), 301, 303(f), 303(g), 303(r), 307(e), and 
332, the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking is adopted.
    220. The Commission's Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, 
Reference Information Center, shall send a copy of the Notice of 
Proposed Rule Making, including the Initial Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration.

List of Subjects in 47 CFR part 74

    Communications equipment, Education, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

Federal Communications Commission.
Marlene H. Dortch,
Secretary.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Federal 
Communications Commission proposes to amend 47 CFR part 74 to read as 
follows:

PART 74--EXPERIMENTAL RADIO, AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER 
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES

Subpart H--Low Power Auxiliary Stations

0
1. The authority citation for part 74 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 307, 309, 336 and 554.

0
2. Section 74.801 is amended by adding the definition for ``Repurposed 
600 MHz Band'' in alphabetical order to read as follows:


Sec.  74.801  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Repurposed 600 MHz Band. Frequencies that will be reallocated and 
reassigned for part 27 600 MHz Band services as determined by the 
outcome of the auction conducted pursuant to Expanding the Economic and 
Innovation Opportunities of Spectrum Through Incentive Auctions, Report 
and Order, GN Docket No. 12-268 (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC 6567 (2014).
* * * * *
0
3. Section 74.832 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  74.832  Licensing Requirements and procedures.

* * * * *
    (d) Cable television operations, motion picture and television 
program producers, large venue owners or operators, and professional 
sound companies may be authorized to operate low power auxiliary 
stations in the bands allocated for TV broadcasting and in the 944-952 
MHz band.
* * * * *
0
4. Section 74.851 is amended by revising the section heading and 
paragraph (i), and adding paragraphs (j) through (l) to read as 
follows:

[[Page 69417]]

Sec.  74.851  Certification of equipment; prohibition on manufacture, 
import, sale, lease, offer for sale or lease, or shipment of devices 
that operate in the 700 MHz Band or the 600 MHz Band; labeling for 700 
MHz or 600 MHz band equipment destined for non-U.S. markets; 
disclosures.

* * * * *
    (i) Effective nine months after the release of the Commission's 
Channel Reassignment Public Notice issued pursuant to Expanding the 
Economic and Innovation Opportunities of Spectrum Through Incentive 
Auctions, Report and Order, GN Docket No. 12-268 (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC 
6567 (2014), certification may no longer be obtained for low power 
auxiliary stations or wireless video assist devices that are capable of 
operating in the repurposed 600 MHz band as defined in Sec.  74.801.
    (j) Effective eighteen months after the release of the Commission's 
Channel Reassignment Public Notice issued pursuant to Expanding the 
Economic and Innovation Opportunities of Spectrum Through Incentive 
Auctions, Report and Order, GN Docket No. 12-268 (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC 
6567 (2014), no person shall manufacture, import, sell, lease, offer 
for sale or lease, or ship low power auxiliary stations or wireless 
video assist devices that are capable of operating in the repurposed 
600 MHz band as defined in Sec.  74.801. This prohibition does not 
apply to devices manufactured solely for export.
    (k) Effective eighteen months after the release of the Commission's 
Channel Reassignment Public Notice issued pursuant to Expanding the 
Economic and Innovation Opportunities of Spectrum Through Incentive 
Auctions, Report and Order, GN Docket No. 12-268 (FCC 14-50), 29 FCC 
6567 (2014), any person who manufactures, sells, leases, or offers for 
sale or lease low power auxiliary stations or wireless video assist 
devices that are destined for non-U.S. markets and that are capable of 
operating in the repurposed 600 MHz band as defined in Sec.  74.801, 
shall include labeling and make clear in all sales, marketing, and 
packaging materials, including online materials, relating to such 
devices that the devices cannot be operated in the U.S.
    (l) Any person, whether such person is a wholesaler or a retailer, 
who manufactures, sells, leases, or offers for sale or lease low power 
auxiliary stations or wireless video assist devices that operate in the 
repurposed 600 MHz band is subject to the disclosure requirements in 
Sec.  15.216 of this chapter.
0
5. Section 74.861 is amended by adding paragraphs (d)(4) and (e)(7) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  74.861  Technical Requirements.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (4) Effective as of [date of publication of final rule], emissions 
within the band from one megahertz below to one megahertz above the 
carrier frequency shall comply with the emission mask in Section 8.3 of 
ETSI EN 300 422-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum 
Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency 
range; part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (7) Effective as of [date of publication of final rule], emissions 
within the band from one megahertz below to one megahertz above the 
carrier frequency shall comply with the emission mask in Section 8.3 of 
ETSI EN 300 422-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum 
Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency 
range; part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2014-26675 Filed 11-20-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6712-01-P