Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program: Addition of Global Warming Potentials, 44332-44352 [2014-17963]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
44332
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
Tribal officials: The term ‘‘tribal
officials’’ means elected or duly
appointed officials of Indian tribal
governments.
(c) Requests for trees, portions of
trees, or forest products made under this
section must be submitted to the local
Forest Service District Ranger’s Office(s)
in writing. Requests may be made:
(1) Directly by a tribal official(s) who
has been authorized by the Indian tribe
to make such requests; or
(2) By providing a copy of a formal
resolution approved by the tribal
council or other governing body of the
Indian tribe.
(d) Requests for trees, portions of
trees, and forest products made under
this section must be directed to the
appropriate Forest Service District
Ranger(s)’ Office from which the items
are being requested. Tribal officials are
encouraged to explain their requests to
the Regional Forester or designated
Forest Officer, and if necessary, how the
request fits a noncommercial traditional
and cultural purpose. When two or
more National Forests are involved, all
of the involved Forest Service District
Ranger’s Offices should be notified of
the requests made on other forests.
(e) Agency Line Officers and
managers (who have been authorized by
name through official Forest Service
correspondence) are authorized to
provide trees, portions of trees, and
forest products under this section
subject to the following limitations:
(1) District Rangers and Forest
Officers may provide material not
exceeding $25,000 in value in any one
fiscal year to an Indian tribe;
(2) Forest Supervisors may provide
material not exceeding $50,000 in value
in any one fiscal year to an Indian tribe;
(3) Regional Foresters may provide
material not exceeding $100,000 in
value in any one fiscal year to an Indian
tribe; and
(4) The Chief of the Forest Service
may provide material exceeding
$100,000 in value to an Indian tribe.
(f) A request for trees, portions of
trees, or forest products under this
section may be conditioned or denied
for reasons including, but not limited to
the following:
(1) Protecting public health and
safety;
(2) Preventing interference with
Forest Service and/or commercial
operations;
(3) Complying with Federal and State
laws and regulations;
(4) Ensuring sustainability; or
(5) Otherwise protecting National
Forest System land and resources.
(g) All decisions made under this
section must comply with the National
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
Forest Management Act, relevant land
management plans, the National
Environmental Policy Act, the
Endangered Species Act, and all other
applicable laws and regulations.
Dated: July 23, 2014.
Thomas L. Tidwell,
Chief, Forest Service.
[FR Doc. 2014–18021 Filed 7–29–14; 11:15 am]
BILLING CODE 3411–15–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 98
[EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927; FRL–9913–03–
OAR]
RIN 2060–AS28
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program:
Addition of Global Warming Potentials
Environmental Protection
Agency.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is proposing to add
chemical-specific and default global
warming potentials (GWPs) for a
number of fluorinated greenhouse gases
(GHGs) and fluorinated heat transfer
fluids (HTFs) to the general provisions
of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule.
Currently, these fluorinated GHGs and
HTFs are not assigned GWPs under the
rule. The proposed changes would
increase the completeness and accuracy
of the carbon dioxide (CO2)-equivalent
emissions calculated and reported by
suppliers and emitters of fluorinated
GHGs and HTFs. In addition, the EPA
is proposing conforming changes to the
provisions for the Electronics
Manufacturing and Fluorinated Gas
Production source categories.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before September 2, 2014, unless a
hearing is requested. If a hearing is
requested, comments must be received
on or before September 15, 2014.
Public Hearing. The EPA does not
plan to conduct a public hearing unless
requested. To request a hearing, please
contact the person listed in the
following FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT section by August 7, 2014.
Upon such request, the EPA will hold
the hearing on August 15, 2014, in the
Washington, DC area. The EPA will
provide further information about the
hearing on the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Program Web site, https://
www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/
ghgrulemaking.html if a hearing is
requested.
SUMMARY:
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
You may submit your
comments, identified by Docket ID No.
EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927, by any of
the following methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
• Email: A-and-R-Docket@epa.gov.
Include Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–
2009–0927 in the subject line of the
message.
• Fax: (202) 566–9744.
• Mail: Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC),
Mailcode 28221T, Attention Docket ID
No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington,
DC 20460.
• Hand/Courier Delivery: EPA Docket
Center, Room 3334, EPA WJC West
Building, 1301 Constitution Avenue
NW., Washington, DC 20004. Such
deliveries are accepted only during the
Docket’s normal hours of operation, and
special arrangements should be made
for deliveries of boxed information.
Instructions: Direct your comments to
Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–
0927, Addition of Global Warming
Potentials. The EPA’s policy is that all
comments received will be included in
the public docket without change and
may be made available online at https://
www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information provided, unless
the comment includes information
claimed to be confidential business
information (CBI) or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Should you choose to submit
information that you claim to be CBI in
response to this notice, clearly mark the
part or all of the comments that you
claim to be CBI. For information that
you claim to be CBI in a disk or CD–
ROM that you mail to the EPA, mark the
outside of the disk or CD–ROM as CBI
and then identify electronically within
the disk or CD–ROM the specific
information that is claimed as CBI. In
addition to one complete version of the
comment that includes information
claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment
that does not contain the information
claimed as CBI must be submitted for
inclusion in the public docket.
Information marked as CBI will not be
disclosed except in accordance with
procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
Send or deliver information claimed as
CBI to only the mail or hand/courier
delivery address listed above, attention:
Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–
0927.
If you have any questions about CBI
or the procedures for claiming CBI,
please consult the person identified in
the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section. Do not submit information that
ADDRESSES:
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
you consider to be CBI or otherwise
protected through https://
www.regulations.gov or email. The
https://www.regulations.gov Web site is
an ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which
means the EPA will not know your
identity or contact information unless
you provide it in the body of your
comment. If you send an email
comment directly to the EPA without
going through https://
www.regulations.gov, your email
address will be automatically captured
and included as part of the comment
that is placed in the public docket and
made available on the Internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, the EPA
recommends that you include your
name and other contact information in
the body of your comment and with any
disk or CD–ROM you submit. If the EPA
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, the EPA may not
be able to consider your comment.
Electronic files should be free of special
characters, any form of encryption, and
any defects or viruses.
Docket: All documents in the docket
are listed in the https://
www.regulations.gov index. Although
listed in the index, some information is
not publicly available (e.g., CBI or other
information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute). Certain other
material, such as copyrighted material,
will be publicly available only in hard
copy. Publicly available docket
materials are available either
electronically in https://
www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at
the Air Docket, EPA/DC, WJC West
Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution
Ave. NW., Washington, DC. This Docket
Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding
legal holidays. The telephone number
for the Public Reading Room is (202)
566–1744, and the telephone number for
the Air Docket is (202) 566–1742.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Carole Cook, Climate Change Division,
Office of Atmospheric Programs (MC–
6207J), Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW.,
Washington, DC 20460; telephone
number: (202) 343–9263; fax number:
(202) 343–2342; email address:
GHGReporting@epa.gov. For technical
information, please go to the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Program
Web site at https://www.epa.gov/
climatechange/emissions/
ghgrulemaking.html. To submit a
question, select Rule Help Center,
followed by Contact Us. To obtain
44333
information about the public hearing or
to register to speak at the hearing, please
go to https://www.epa.gov/
climatechange/emissions/
ghgrulemaking.html. Alternatively,
contact Carole Cook at (202) 343–9263.
Worldwide Web (WWW). In addition
to being available in the docket, an
electronic copy of this proposal will
also be available through the WWW.
Following the Administrator’s signature,
a copy of this action will be posted on
the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program Web site at https://
www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/
ghgrulemaking.html.
Regulated
Entities. The Administrator determined
that this action is subject to the
provisions of Clean Air Act (CAA)
section 307(d). See CAA section
307(d)(1)(V) (the provisions of section
307(d) apply to ‘‘such other actions as
the Administrator may determine’’).
These are proposed amendments to
existing regulations. If finalized, these
amended regulations would affect
emitters and suppliers of fluorinated
greenhouse gases (GHGs). Regulated
categories and examples of affected
entities include those listed in Table 1
of this preamble:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
TABLE 1—EXAMPLES OF AFFECTED ENTITIES BY CATEGORY
Category
NAICS
Electrical Equipment Use ............................
Electrical Equipment Manufacture or Refurbishment.
Electronics Manufacturing ...........................
Fluorinated Gas Production ........................
Importers and Exporters of Pre-charged
Equipment and Closed-Cell Foams.
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Magnesium Production ...............................
Table 1 of this preamble is not
intended to be exhaustive, but rather
lists the types of facilities that the EPA
is now aware could be potentially
affected by the reporting requirements.
Other types of facilities not listed in the
table could also be subject to reporting
requirements. To determine whether
you are affected by this action, you
should carefully examine the
applicability criteria found in 40 CFR
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
Examples of affected facilities
221121
33531
334111
334413
334419
334419
325120
423730
Electric bulk power transmission and control facilities.
Power transmission and distribution switchgear and specialty transformers manufacturing facilities.
Microcomputers manufacturing facilities.
Semiconductor, photovoltaic (solid-state) device manufacturing facilities.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) unit screens manufacturing facilities.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing facilities.
Industrial gases manufacturing facilities.
Air-conditioning equipment (except room units) merchant wholesalers.
333415
336391
423620
443111
423730
326150
335313
423610
331419
Air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle) manufacturing.
Motor vehicle air-conditioning manufacturing.
Air-conditioners, room, merchant wholesalers.
Household appliance stores.
Automotive air-conditioners merchant wholesalers.
Polyurethane foam products manufacturing.
Circuit breakers, power, manufacturing.
Circuit breakers merchant wholesalers.
Primary refiners of nonferrous metals by electrolytic methods.
part 98, subpart A or the relevant
criteria in subparts I, L, T, DD, SS, OO,
and QQ. If you have questions regarding
the applicability of this action to a
particular facility, consult the person
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Acronyms and Abbreviations. The
following acronyms and abbreviations
are used in this document.
AR4
PO 00000
Fourth Assessment Report
Frm 00016
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
AR5 Fifth Assessment Report
BAMM Best available monitoring methods
CAA Clean Air Act
CBI Confidential business information
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e CO2-equivalent
e-GGRT Electronic Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Tool
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
44334
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
FLIGHT Facility Level Information on
Greenhouse Gases Tool
FR Federal Register
GHG Greenhouse gas
GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
GWP Global warming potential
HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCFE Hydrochlorofluoroether
HFC Hydrofluorocarbon
HFE Hydrofluoroether
HTF heat transfer fluid
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
LCD Liquid crystal display
MEMS Micro-electro-mechanical systems
MtCO2e Metric tons carbon dioxide
equivalent
N2O Nitrous oxide
NAICS North American Industry
Classification System
NF3 Nitrogen trifluoride
NODA Notice of data availability
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act
OMB Office of Management and Budget
PFC Perfluorocarbon
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
RY Reporting year
SAR Second Assessment Report
SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride
SIP State implementation plan
PSD Prevention of significant deterioration
UMRA Mandates Reform Act of 1995
UNFCCC United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
WWW Worldwide Web
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Table of Contents
I. Background
A. How is this preamble organized?
B. Background on the GHG Reporting Rule
C. Legal Authority
D. When would these amendments apply?
II. Proposed Amendments
A. Summary of Proposed Amendments
B. Background on GHGRP GWPs
C. Today’s Proposed Rule
D. Relationship Between This Proposed
Rule and Proposed Amendments to
Subpart L
E. Relationship Between This Proposed
Rule and Default GWP in Subpart I
F. Calculation of Differences and Changes
in CO2e Quantities Under Subpart I and
Subpart L
G. Relationship Between This Proposed
Rule and Permitting Requirements
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA)
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children From Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
I. National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions
To Address Environmental Justice in
Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
I. Background
A. How is this preamble organized?
The first section of this preamble
contains background information
regarding the Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program (GHGRP) and information on
when the amendments would become
effective if finalized. This section also
discusses the EPA’s use of our legal
authority under the Clean Air Act (CAA)
to collect data under the Greenhouse
Gas Reporting Rule at 40 CFR part 98,
hereinafter referred to as the ‘‘GHG
Reporting Rule’’ or ‘‘Part 98.’’
The second section of this preamble
describes in detail the changes that we
are proposing, presents the EPA’s
rationale for the proposed changes, and
identifies issues on which the EPA is
particularly interested in receiving
public comments.
Finally, the third section of the
preamble discusses the various statutory
and executive order requirements
applicable to this proposed rulemaking.
B. Background on the GHG Reporting
Rule
The GHG Reporting Rule was
published in the Federal Register on
October 30, 2009 (74 FR 56260). Part 98
became effective on December 29, 2009,
and requires reporting of GHGs from
certain facilities and suppliers. The
October 30, 2009 final rule established
reporting requirements for 28 categories
of GHG emitters and suppliers,
including Suppliers of Industrial
Greenhouse Gases (including producers,
importers, and exporters of fluorinated
GHGs), subpart OO. A notice finalizing
reporting requirements for Magnesium
Production, subpart T, was published
on July 12, 2010 (75 FR 39736). A notice
finalizing reporting requirements for the
following categories was published on
December 1, 2010 (75 FR 74774):
Electronics Manufacturing, subpart I;
Fluorinated Gas Production, subpart L;
Electrical Transmission and Distribution
Equipment Use, subpart DD; Importers
and Exporters of Fluorinated
Greenhouse Gases Contained in PreCharged Equipment or Closed-Cell
Foams, subpart QQ; and Electrical
Equipment Manufacture or
Refurbishment, subpart SS.
C. Legal Authority
The EPA is proposing these rule
amendments under its existing CAA
authority provided in CAA section 114.
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
As stated in the preamble to the 2009
final rule (74 FR 56260), CAA section
114 provides the EPA broad authority to
require the information addressed in
this proposed rule because such data
would inform and are relevant to the
EPA’s carrying out a wide variety of
CAA provisions.
D. When would these amendments
apply?
The EPA anticipates publishing a
final rule based on this proposal in time
for the final rule to be effective for the
reporting of data gathered in 2014 (i.e.,
Reporting Year 2014), which must be
reported to the EPA by March 31, 2015.
II. Proposed Amendments
A. Summary of Proposed Amendments
The EPA is proposing to amend Table
A–1 to subpart A of 40 CFR part 98
(Table A–1), the compendium of GWPs
used to calculate carbon-dioxide
equivalents (CO2e) under the GHGRP, to
add chemical-specific GWPs for 103
fluorinated GHGs. The proposed
chemical-specific GWPs are primarily
drawn from the Fifth Assessment Report
(AR5) published by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) in 2013, which is
discussed further in Section II.B. of this
preamble.1
The EPA is also proposing to amend
Table A–1 to add default GWPs for
fluorinated GHGs and fluorinated HTFs
for which peer-reviewed GWPs are not
available. These default GWPs would be
calculated and assigned based on
fluorinated GHG group and would be
based on the chemical-specific GWPs
for the compounds in Table A–1 as it
would be amended under today’s
proposal.
In addition, as discussed further in
sections II.D. and II.E. of this preamble,
we are proposing conforming changes to
subparts I and L, which include their
own default GWPs for purposes of
certain CO2e calculations.
This amendment would generally not
affect the GWPs of the GHGs currently
included in Table A–1.2 As discussed
further in Section III.B of this preamble,
we do not anticipate that finalizing the
GWPs proposed in this action would
1 IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to
the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
[Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K.
Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and
P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA, 1535 pp.
2 The sole exception is the GWP for sevoflurane,
which is proposed to be amended here because a
GWP for this chemical is available in AR5 but was
not included in previous IPCC Assessment Reports.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
expand the set of facilities required to
report under the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule. However, to allow for
the possibility that some facilities or
suppliers could become newly subject
to one or more subparts of part 98 due
to the addition of the GWPs, we are
proposing special provisions for these
facilities regarding the timing of
reporting and the use of best available
monitoring methods (BAMM).
Except in the case of subpart L, which
is discussed in Section II.D. of this
preamble, reporters would not be
required to resubmit their CO2e
emissions for prior years. Instead, for
facilities affected by this rulemaking, we
would recalculate CO2e emissions for
Reporting Years (RY) 2010–2013 and
publish them in our Facility Level
Information on Greenhouse Gases Tool
(FLIGHT) using the most recent and
comprehensive GWPs in Table A–1.
This is the same approach that we
finalized in the final rule entitled ‘‘2013
Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule and Final
Confidentiality Determinations for New
or Substantially Revised Data Elements’’
(78 FR 71904, November 29, 2013;
hereinafter referred to as ‘‘final 2013
Revisions Rule’’), except that this
recalculation would occur in 2015
rather than 2014.
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
B. Background on GHGRP GWPs
Table A–1 is a compendium of GWP
values of certain GHGs that are required
to be reported under one or more
subparts of the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule. These GWPs are used to
convert tons of chemical into tons of
CO2-equivalent (CO2e) for purposes of
various calculations and reporting
under the rule. As indicated in the
Federal Register notice for the final Part
98 (74 FR 56348), it is the EPA’s intent
to periodically update Table A–1 as
GWPs are evaluated or reevaluated by
the scientific community. This will
provide a more accurate and complete
account of the atmospheric impacts of
GHG emissions and supplies.
GWPs that have been newly evaluated
or reevaluated in the peer-reviewed
scientific literature are periodically
consolidated and published by the
IPCC. The initial Table A–1 finalized in
the 2009 Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Rule included GWP values from the
Second Assessment Report (SAR) and,
for gases that were not included in SAR,
from the Fourth Assessment Report 3
3 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007.
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri,
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
(hereinafter referred to as ‘‘IPCC AR4’’
or ‘‘AR4’’). (In addition, Table A–1
included a GWP for one fluorinated
GHG that had been published in the
peer-reviewed literature but not an IPCC
report, the GWP for sevoflurane.) 4 The
IPCC recently published AR5, which
contains GWPs for a number of
fluorinated GHGs that were not
included in either SAR or AR4.
The scope of the fluorinated
compounds reported under the GHGRP
is established by the definition of
‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ at 40 CFR 98.6 (and,
for subpart I, ‘‘fluorinated HTF’’ at 40
CFR 98.98), rather than by inclusion in
Table A–1. The EPA therefore receives
reports of emissions and supplies for a
number of fluorinated compounds that
have not had GWPs included in Table
A–1.5 At present, these supplies, and a
large fraction of these emissions, are
assigned a GWP of zero for purposes of
GHGRP calculations and reporting,
including threshold determinations.6
1. Recent Actions Related to GHGRP
GWPs
The EPA has recently undertaken
several efforts to improve the quality
and completeness of the GWPs used to
calculate and report emissions under
the GHGRP. On November 29, 2013, we
published the final 2013 Revisions Rule.
That rule amended Table A–1 to update
the GWPs for GHGs included in AR4 to
the AR4 values. The revisions improved
the quality of reported CO2e emissions
and supply by reflecting improved
scientific understanding (since the
publication of SAR) of the radiative
forcing and atmospheric lifetimes of the
GHGs that have GWPs in AR4. In
addition, for those GHGs, the revisions
ensured comparability of data collected
in the GHGRP to the Inventory of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva,
Switzerland, 104 pp.
4 Langbein, T., H. Sonntag, D. Trapp, A.
¨
¨
Hoffmann, W. Malms, E.-P. Roth, V. Mors and R.
Zellner (1999). ‘‘Volatile anaesthetics and the
atmosphere: atmospheric lifetimes and atmospheric
effects of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane,
desflurane and sevoflurane.’’ British Journal of
Anaesthetics 82 (1): 66–73, discussed in the
Technical Support Document for Industrial Gas
Supply: Production, Transformation, and
Destruction of Fluorinated GHGs and N2O, Office of
Air and Radiation, USEPA, February 6, 2009.
5 Such reports have been received under subparts
I, L, OO, and QQ.
6 For most subparts, including subparts I, OO, and
QQ, reporters are required to report CO2e only for
fluorinated GHGs listed in Table A–1. Subpart I
includes a default GWP of 2,000 for purposes of
various calculations (but not reporting) as discussed
in section II.E. of this preamble. Subpart L includes
default GWPs of 2,000 and 10,000 for purposes of
both calculations and reporting. Under the
amendments to subpart L discussed below, these
two default GWPs would be replaced by five default
GWPs.
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44335
that the EPA compiles annually to meet
international commitments under the
United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Countries that submit GHG inventories
under the UNFCCC have decided to use
AR4 GWPs for the GHGs that have AR4
GWPs, beginning with the inventories
submitted in 2015.7
In the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule,
we proposed to adopt GWPs for 26
additional fluorinated GHGs not
included in Table A–1 or AR4. The EPA
received comments on the proposed
2013 Revisions Rule stating that we
should not include GWPs in Table A–
1 for compounds that are not included
in an IPCC report or peer reviewed. We
did not include these GWPs in the final
2013 Revisions Rule because we agreed
with commenters that we needed
additional time to evaluate our
approach to assigning GWPs for
compounds not included in AR4. In the
preamble to the final rule, we noted that
we might address these compounds in
a separate future action.
On April 5, 2013, we published a
Notice of Data Availability (NODA) (78
FR 20632) regarding another 43
fluorinated GHGs and HTFs whose
GWPs were not included in Table A–1.8
The NODA announced to the public the
following: (1) The availability of
estimated GWPs for eight of these
compounds, as well as data and analysis
submitted in support of these values,
and (2) the availability of approximate
GWPs and/or chemical structure
information for another 35 compounds,
for whose GWPs we did not possess
supporting data and analysis. We
requested and received comment on this
information.
On November 18, 2013, we proposed
amendments to subpart L, Fluorinated
Gas Production, that included an
amendment to establish within subpart
L a new set of default GWPs by
fluorinated GHG group for the emissions
calculated and reported under that
subpart (78 FR 69337; hereinafter
referred to as ‘‘proposed amendments to
subpart L’’). The proposed set of five
default GWPs would replace the current
7 As discussed in the notices for the proposed and
final 2013 Revisions Rule, the IPCC publishes
Scientific Assessment Reports, including updated
and expanded sets of GWPs, approximately every
six years. The countries that submit annual GHG
inventories under the UNFCCC update the GWPs
that they use for those inventories less frequently.
For example, the GWPs from the IPCC SAR have
been used for UNFCCC reporting for over a decade.
8 We had not included these compounds in the
proposed 2013 Revisions Rule because
documentation for GWPs for these compounds was
limited at the time that the proposal was being
prepared. We subsequently received more
documentation from the compounds’
manufacturers.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
44336
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
set of two default GWPs in subpart L
that are applied to fluorinated GHGs
that are not included in Table A–1,
which would increase the precision and
accuracy of calculated CO2e emissions.
We requested and received comments
on the proposed fluorinated GHG
groups and associated default GWPs
included in the proposed amendments
to subpart L.
2. Summary of Comments Related to
Addition of GWPs
The EPA received five comments on
the NODA and five comments on the
proposed 2013 Revisions Rule that were
related to the proposed addition of the
GWPs for 26 fluorinated GHGs. A
detailed summary of and response to all
comments received on the proposed
2013 Revisions Rule is provided in the
docket for that final rule (EPA–HQ–
OAR–2012–0934). We are presenting an
overview here because some of those
comments have also informed the
approach we are proposing under this
rule for establishing chemical-specific
and default GWPs for additional
fluorinated GHGs in Table A–1. We also
received three comments on the
proposed amendments to subpart L that
were related to the proposed addition of
GWPs to Table A–1. We discuss those
comments in this notice to the extent
relevant to the approach we are
proposing in this action.
Several commenters on the actions
noted above supported adding GWPs to
Table A–1 for the compounds included
in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule
and NODA. Commenters stated that to
characterize emissions and trends
effectively, it is important for the EPA
to use the most recent and accurate
GWP values available. Other
commenters stated that the EPA should
add new GWPs to Table A–1 only after
these GWPs have been included in an
IPCC Scientific Assessment Report.
They argued that GWPs that have been
published in IPCC reports are less likely
to change over time, and are likely to
change less significantly, than GWPs
that have been derived through ‘‘a less
rigorous scientific process.’’
C. Today’s Proposed Rule
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
1. General Approach To Addition of
GWPs to Table A–1
As noted in the final 2013 Revisions
Rule, the EPA intends to weigh multiple
considerations in updating the set of
GWPs used under the GHGRP. These
include the accuracy of the GWPs, the
consistency of those GWPs with the
GWPs used in other national and
international programs, the
predictability and stability of the GWPs,
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
the source of the GWPs, and the impacts
of those GWPs on other regulatory
programs. We are weighing these
considerations for this proposed rule as
we did in developing the final 2013
Revisions Rule. However, there is an
important difference between the two
rules. In the final 2013 Revisions Rule,
we weighed these considerations
primarily in the context of updating the
GWPs for GHGs that were already listed
in Table A–1. In this proposed rule, we
are weighing these considerations in the
context of proposing to add GWPs for
GHGs that are not presently included in
Table A–1. For such GHGs, the
improvement in accuracy associated
with listing a GWP in Table A–1 is
likely to be large, because the alternative
is generally to continue to assign these
GHGs a GWP of zero for purposes of the
calculations and reporting under the
GHGRP. Moreover, such GHGs are not
included in AR4; thus, using GWPs
from other sources does not introduce
inconsistencies for purposes of UNFCCC
reporting.
The EPA is proposing to add
chemical-specific and default GWPs to
Table A–1 to balance and carry out the
goals listed above as efficiently and
effectively as possible. For the chemicalspecific GWPs that would be added to
Table A–1, we are proposing to rely on
AR5 and, in one case, on AR4. For the
default GWPs, we are proposing to rely
on GWPs from AR5 and AR4,
supplemented by consideration of
atmospheric lifetimes and radiative
efficiencies from the peer-reviewed
literature.
a. General Approach to ChemicalSpecific GWPs
For the fluorinated GHGs that do not
have GWPs listed in AR4, but that do
have GWPs listed in AR5, we are
proposing through this action to adopt
the chemical-specific GWPs in AR5.
This approach would ensure that, for
this set of GHGs, the GWPs used by the
GHGRP would be consistent with the
most recent international scientific
consensus. As discussed above, in the
final 2013 Revisions Rule, we adopted
AR4 GWPs for the GHGs that were
included in AR4. We noted that where
reporting under the UNFCCC is linked
to an older report (e.g., AR4 for the
GHGs with GWPs listed in AR4), use of
the GWPs from a newer report would
introduce inconsistencies between the
GWPs used in the GHGRP and those
used in the U.S. Inventory of
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks.
However, where UNFCCC reporting is
not linked to an older report, such
inconsistencies are not a concern. In
fact, adopting the AR5 GWPs would
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
facilitate U.S. reporting under the
UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines, which
state: ‘‘Annex I Parties are strongly
encouraged to also report emissions and
removals of additional GHGs, such as
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs),
perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), and other
gases for which 100-year global
warming potential values are available
from the IPCC but have not yet been
adopted by the [Conference of the
Parties to the UNFCCC].’’ 9
To list chemical-specific GWPs on
Table A–1, the EPA believes that it is
appropriate to require that these GWPs
have been published in a peer-reviewed
scientific journal. This helps to ensure
that the data and methods used to
evaluate the GWPs are consistent with
current scientific good practice and
thereby helps to ensure that the
resulting GWPs are accurate. The EPA
acknowledges that, in some cases, this
will prevent the listing of GWPs that
have not been published in the peerreviewed literature but that may
nevertheless be reasonably accurate. For
example, eight of the GWPs discussed in
the NODA and 11 of the GWPs that we
proposed in the proposed 2013
Revisions Rule were supported by some
data and analysis; however, we are not
proposing these GWPs in this action
because they have not been published in
the peer-reviewed literature. We
consider it important to adopt a clear,
widely accepted criterion of scientific
acceptance for including chemicalspecific GWPs on Table A–1, which is
intended to serve as the compendium of
chemical-specific GWPs for the GHGRP.
We believe that publication in a peerreviewed scientific journal meets this
standard.
The chief concern raised by requiring
that chemical-specific GWPs on Table
A–1 be peer-reviewed is that omission
of a GWP that may be somewhat
inaccurate could lead to the use of an
effective GWP (zero) that is known to be
very inaccurate. We believe that concern
is addressed by the proposed
establishment of default GWPs,
discussed below.
Our proposal to adopt GWPs from a
newer IPCC Assessment Report (AR5)
for compounds not listed in the older
IPCC Assessment Report required for
UNFCCC reporting (AR4) is consistent
with the approach we took in the
original Table A–1. At the time we
created the original Table A–1, the IPCC
had already issued AR4, but the
UNFCCC reporting guidelines required
9 Guidelines for the preparation of national
communications by Parties included in Annex I to
the Convention, Part I:UNFCCC reporting
guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories,
FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.3.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
use of the GWPs in the IPCC SAR for
compounds listed in that report. As
discussed above, the original Table A–
1 included GWPs from the SAR for the
GHGs that had GWPs in the SAR and
GWPs from AR4 for the GHGs that did
not have GWPs in the SAR but did in
AR4 (e.g., NF3). This ensured that the
chemical-specific GWPs were both
consistent with those used for UNFCCC
reporting and as accurate and complete
as practicable. Table A–1 also included
a peer-reviewed GWP for a GHG that did
not have a GWP in either the SAR or
AR4 (sevoflurane). While we are not
proposing in this action to add
chemical-specific GWPs for GHGs that
do not have a GWP in either of the most
recent assessment reports, we may
propose such additions in a future
action.
b. General Approach To Default GWPs
Even with the addition of the AR5
GWPs, a significant share of the
fluorinated GHG and HTF emissions
and supplies reported under the GHGRP
would not have chemical-specific GWPs
included in Table A–1. We are
proposing default GWPs to ensure that
the atmospheric impacts of these
fluorinated GHGs and HTFs are
reflected in facility calculations and
CO2e emissions totals. Otherwise, an
effective GWP of zero would continue to
underestimate the atmospheric impacts
of the fluorinated GHGs or HTFs
emitted or supplied, which could lead
to a significant underestimate of facility
CO2e emissions as a whole.
Such underestimates lead to
inconsistencies between facilities and
industries in terms of the completeness
of the CO2e emissions calculated and
reported. It is important for the EPA to
assign GWPs to all GHGs in order to
understand the potential impact of
certain sectors and facilities, compare
emissions, and provide consistency and
transparency with respect to emissions
across the program.
In addition to these benefits,
establishing default GWPs would
increase the long-term stability and
predictability of the GWPs used under
the GHGRP. As chemical-specific GWPs
for GHGs were developed, peer
reviewed, and added to Table A–1, the
44337
change from each default GWP to the
chemical-specific GWP would likely be
considerably smaller than the change
from zero to the chemical-specific GWP.
This would greatly reduce the
magnitude of any future revisions to or
inconsistencies in the time series of
CO2e emissions. At the same time,
having a default GWP for each GHG may
allow the EPA to update Table A–1 less
frequently because the default would
reduce the error in CO2e estimates that
presently arises from not having a
chemical-specific GWP for that GHG on
Table A–1.
2. Addition of Chemical-Specific GWPs
for 103 Compounds and Update of GWP
for Sevoflurane
We are proposing to amend Table A–
1 to Subpart A of Part 98 to add peerreviewed GWPs for the 103 compounds
listed in Table 2 of this preamble. To
reflect the latest scientific consensus
regarding fluorinated GHGs that do not
have GWPs in AR4, we are proposing to
adopt the GWPs provided for 102 of
these 103 compounds in Table 8.A.1 of
AR5.10
TABLE 2—CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1
Common or trade name
Chemical name(s)
CAS No.
Chemical formula
AR5 GWP
(100 year)
Saturated HFCs
HFC-227ca ............................
HFC-245cb ............................
HFC-245ea ............................
HFC-245eb ............................
HFC-263fb .............................
HFC-272ca ............................
HFC-329p ..............................
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoropropane ........................
1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane ..............................
1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane ..............................
1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane ..............................
1,1,1-Trifluoropropane .........................................
2,2-Difluoropropane .............................................
1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutane .....................
2252–84–8
1814–88–6
24270–66–4
431–31–2
421–07–8
420–45–1
375–17–7
CF3CF2CHF2 .......................................................
CF3CF2CH3 ..........................................................
CHF2CHFCHF2 ....................................................
CH2FCHFCF3 ......................................................
CH3CH2CF3 .........................................................
CH3CF2CH3 .........................................................
CHF2CF2CF2CF3 .................................................
2640
4620
235
290
76
144
2360
C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3 ...........................................
C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3 ...........................................
Z-C10F18 ...............................................................
E-C10F18 ...............................................................
7820
7620
7240
6290
690–22–2
22052–81–9
73287–23–7
485399–46–0
CF3OCH2CH3 ......................................................
CF3CF2OCH2CH3 ................................................
CH3OCF2CF2OCH3 .............................................
CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3 ..........................................
29
58
222
236
485399–48–2
CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3 ..........................................
221
359–15–9
425–87–6
22052–86–4
920979–28–8
CH3OCHF2 ..........................................................
CH3OCF2CHFCl ..................................................
CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3 ..........................................
C12H5F19O2 ..........................................................
144
122
61
56
380–34–7
460–22–0
CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3 .........................................
CH3OCH2F ..........................................................
23
13
Saturated PFCs
PFC-6-1-12 ...........................
PFC-7-1-18 ...........................
Hexadecafluoroheptane ......................................
Octadecafluorooctane .........................................
Perfluorodecalin (cis) ...........................................
Perfluorodecalin (trans) .......................................
335–57–9
307–34–6
60433–11–6
60433–12–7
Saturated HFEs
Partially Segregated HFEs
HFE-263m1; R-E-143a .........
HFE-365mcf2 ........................
HG’-01 ...................................
HG’-02 ...................................
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
HG’-03 ...................................
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethoxy)ethane ....
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane .................
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2-dimethoxyethane ............
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-methoxy-2-(1,1,2,2tetrafluoro-2-methoxyethoxy)ethane.
3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10-Dodecafluoro-2,5,8,11tetraoxadodecane.
Difluoro(methoxy)methane ..................................
2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane ...........
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane .........
2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5-bis
[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]furan.
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane .............
Fluoro(methoxy)methane ....................................
10 The EPA had previously proposed GWPs for 15
of these compounds in the proposed 2013 Revisions
Rule, but since that rule was proposed, updated
GWPs for these 15 compounds have been published
in AR5. The other 11 compounds for which we
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
proposed GWPs in the proposed 2013 Revisions
Rule have not had GWPs published in the peerreviewed literature; under this proposed rule, these
compounds would be assigned default GWPs. A
table specifying these chemicals and showing the
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
default GWPs that would be assigned to them (as
well as the chemicals whose cited GWPs were listed
in the NODA) is available in the docket for this
rulemaking.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
44338
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 2—CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1—Continued
Common or trade name
Chemical name(s)
CAS No.
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane;
2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.
Methyl
Chemical formula
60598–17–6
AR5 GWP
(100 year)
CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 ..............................................
0.49
13838–16–9
CHF2OCF2CHFCl ................................................
583
32778–11–3
428454–68–6
CHF2OCF2CHF2 ..................................................
CF3CFHCF2OCF3 ................................................
4240
4550
28523–86–6
(CF3)2CHOCHF2 ..................................................
216
333–36–8
205367–61–9
CF3CH2OCH2CF3 ................................................
HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H ...................................
17
2730
173350–37–3
HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3-OCF2H ...................................
2850
249932–25–0
HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H .........................................
5300
249932–26–1
HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O-CF2H .....................
3890
188690–77–9
HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H .........................................
7330
3330–15–2
CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 ..........................................
6490
205367–61–9
HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H .....................................
4920
173350–37–3
HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3CF2H .....................................
4490
173350–38–4
HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H .....................................
3630
84011–06–3
37031–31–5
2261–01–0
461–63–2
462–51–1
CHF2CHFOCF3 ...................................................
CH2FOCF2CF2H ..................................................
CH2FOCF3 ...........................................................
CH2FOCHF2 ........................................................
CH2FOCH2F ........................................................
1240
871
751
617
130
Non-Segregated HFEs
HCFE-235ca2; enflurane ......
HFE-236ca ............................
HFE-329me3 .........................
HFE-347mmz1; Sevoflurane
HFE-356mff2 .........................
HG-02 ....................................
HG-03 ....................................
HG-20 ....................................
HG-21 ....................................
HG-30 ....................................
2-Chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2trifluoroethane.
1-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane ....
1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoro-3(trifluoromethoxy)propane.
2-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,3,3,3hexafluoropropane.
bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether ...............................
1-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2-(difluoromethoxy)1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12Hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane.
(Difluoromethoxy)((difluoromethoxy)
difluoromethoxy) difluoromethane.
1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,8,8,10,10-Dodecafluoro-2,4,6,9tetraoxadecane.
1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-Decafluoro-2,4,6,8tetraoxanonane.
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane.
1,1’-Oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,15eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14Pentaoxapentadecane.
1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane ..........
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)ethane .......
Trifluoro (fluoromethoxy) methane ......................
Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane .........................
Fluoro (fluoromethoxy) methane .........................
Unsaturated Compounds
Unsaturated HFCs and Unsaturated HCFCs
HFC-1132a; VF2 ...................
HFC-1141; VF .......................
(E)-HFC-1225ye ....................
(Z)-HFC-1225ye ....................
Solstice 1233zd(E) ................
vinylidiene fluoride ...............................................
vinyl fluoride ........................................................
(E)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop-1-ene ...................
(Z)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop-1-ene ....................
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene ..............
75–38–7
75–02–5
5595–10–8
5528–43–8
102687–65–0
HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf .....
HFC-1234ze(E) .....................
HFC-1234ze(Z) .....................
HFC-1243zf; TFP ..................
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene .............................
(E)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene .......................
(Z)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene ........................
trifluoro propene (TFP); 3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1ene.
(Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobut-2-ene ....................
3,3,4,4,4-Pentafluorobut-1-ene ............................
perfluorobutyl ethene (42-U); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6Nonafluorohex-1-ene.
perfluorohexyl
ethene
(62-U);
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooct-1ene.
perfluorooctyl
ethene
(82-U);
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10Heptadecafluorodec-1-ene.
(Z)-HFC-1336 ........................
HFO–1345zfc ........................
Capstone 42-U ......................
Capstone 62-U ......................
Capstone 82-U ......................
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.22
1.34
754–12–1
1645–83–6
29118–25–0
677–21–4
C2H2F2, CF2=CH2 ................................................
C2H3F, CH2=CHF ................................................
CF3CF=CHF(E) ...................................................
CF3CF=CHF(Z) ....................................................
C3H2ClF3; .............................................................
CHCl=CHCF3 .......................................................
C3H2F4; CF3CF=CH2 ...........................................
C3H22F4; cis-CF3CH=CHF ..................................
C3H2F4; trans-CF3CH=CHF; CF3CH=CHF(Z) .....
C3H3F3,CF3CH=CH2 ............................................
692–49–9
374–27–6
19430–93–4
CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) ...............................................
C2F5CH=CH2 .......................................................
C6H3F9,CF3(CF2) 3CH=CH2 .................................
1.58
0.09
0.16
25291–17–2
C8H3F13,CF3(CF2)5CH=CH2 .................................
0.11
21652–58–4
C10H3F17,CF3(CF2)7CH=CH2 ...............................
0.09
CF2=CF2; C2F4 ....................................................
C3F6; CF3CF=CF2 ................................................
c-C5F8 ..................................................................
CF3CF=CFCF3 .....................................................
CF3CF2CF=CF2 ...................................................
CF2=CFCF=CF2 ..................................................
0.004
0.05
1.97
1.82
0.10
0.003
0.31
0.97
0.29
0.12
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Unsaturated PFCs
PFC-1114; TFE .....................
PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP .......
PFC C-1418 ..........................
tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); Perfluoroethene .........
hexafluoropropylene (HFP); Perfluoropropene ...
Perfluorocyclopentene; Octafluorocyclopentene
Perfluorobut-2-ene ...............................................
Perfluorobut-1-ene ...............................................
Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene .......................................
116–14–3
116–15–4
559–40–0
360–89–4
357–26–6
685–63–2
Unsaturated Halogenated Ethers
PMVE; HFE-216 ...................
Fluoroxene ............................
VerDate Mar<15>2010
perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE) ....................
(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy) ethene .............................
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 4702
1187–93–5
406–90–6
Sfmt 4702
CF3OCF = CF2 .....................................................
CF3CH2OCH=CH2 ...............................................
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
0.17
0.05
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
44339
TABLE 2—CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1—Continued
Common or trade name
Chemical name(s)
CAS No.
Chemical formula
AR5 GWP
(100 year)
Other Short-Lived Compounds
Ketones
Novec 1230 ...........................
FK–5–1–12 Perfluoroketone; FK–5–1–12myy2;
perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone).
CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2 ........................................
0.1
CF3CH2CHO ........................................................
0.01
185689–57–0
2240–88–2
755–02–2
CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH ..........................................
CF3CH2CH2OH ....................................................
CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH ..........................................
0.43
0.35
0.33
87017–97–8
CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH ..........................................
0.19
756–13–8
Fluorinated Aldehydes
3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal .......................................
460–40–2
Fluorotelomer Alcohols
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1-ol ....
3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol ....................................
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9Pentadecafluorononan-1-ol.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol.
Compounds including one or more carbon-iodine bonds
Trifluoroiodomethane ...........................................
2314–97–8
CF3I .....................................................................
a 0.4
HCOOCF3 ............................................................
HCOOCF2CF3 .....................................................
HCOOCHFCF3 ....................................................
HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 .........................................
HCOOCF2CF2CF3 ...............................................
HCOOCH(CF3)2 ...................................................
CBr2F2 .................................................................
(CF3)2CHOH ........................................................
FCOOCH3 ............................................................
CF3COOCH3 ........................................................
CHBrClCF3 ..........................................................
C3F7CH2OH ........................................................
HCOOCH2CF3 .....................................................
CF3COOCF2CH3 .................................................
CF3COOCHF2 .....................................................
FCOOCF2CH3 .....................................................
CF3CH2OH ..........................................................
CF3CF2CH2OH ....................................................
CF3CHFCF2CH2OH .............................................
HCOOCH2CH2CF3 ..............................................
CF3CF2CF2CH2OH ..............................................
CHF2CF2CH2OH ..................................................
CF3COOCH2CF3 .................................................
HCF2COOCH3 .....................................................
CHF2CH2OH .......................................................
CH3COOCF2CF3 .................................................
CH3COOCF3 ........................................................
CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 ...........................................
CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 .....................................
CF3COOCH2CH3 .................................................
CH2FCH2OH ........................................................
CF3(CH2) 2CH2OH ...............................................
588
580
470
392
376
333
231
182
95
52
41
34
33
31
27
27
20
19
17
17
16
13
7
3
3
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.1
0.05
Other Compounds
Halon 1202 ............................
Halon-2311; Halothane .........
Trifluoromethyl formate .......................................
Perfluoroethyl formate .........................................
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate ..........................
Perfluorobutyl formate .........................................
Perfluoropropyl formate .......................................
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate .........
Dibromodifluoromethane .....................................
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol .......................
Methyl carbonofluoridate .....................................
Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ................................
2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane ...............
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol .....................
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate .................................
1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ................
Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ...................
1,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate .....................
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol ..........................................
2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropan-1-ol .........................
2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol .........................
3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate ...............................
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol .....................
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol .............................
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ............
Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate ...................................
2,2-Difluoroethanol ..............................................
Perfluoroethyl acetate .........................................
Trifluoromethyl acetate ........................................
Perfluoropropyl acetate .......................................
Perfluorobutyl acetate .........................................
Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ..................................
2-Fluoroethanol ...................................................
4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol ......................................
85358–65–2
313064–40–3
481631–19–0
197218–56–7
271257–42–2
856766–70–6
75–61–6
920–66–1
1538–06–3
431–47–0
151–67–7
375–01–9
32042–38–9
1344118–13–3
2024–86–4
1344118–11–1
75–89–8
422–05–9
382–31–0
1344118–09–7
375–01–9
76–37–9
407–38–5
433–53–4
359–13–7
343269–97–6
74123–20–9
1344118–10–0
209597–28–4
383–63–1
371–62–0
461–18–7
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
aAR4.
In their compilation of the GWPs
available in the scientific peer-reviewed
literature for fluorinated GHGs, the
authors of AR5 relied on the article
‘‘Global Warming Potentials and
Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons
and Related Compounds: A
Comprehensive Review’’ (hereinafter
referred to as the ‘‘Comprehensive
Review’’).11 The Comprehensive Review
11 Hodnebrog, ;., M. Etminan, J.S. Fuglestvedt, G.
Marston, G. Myhre, C.J. Nielsen, K.P. Shine, and T.J.
Wallington. ‘‘Global Warming Potentials and
Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related
Compounds: A Comprehensive Review,’’ Reviews
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
refined and adjusted the GWPs that had
been previously published for the
fluorinated GHGs, for example updating
them to reflect the most recent
consensus absolute global warming
potential of CO2, to which all other
GWPs are indexed. One set of
adjustments is of particular interest for
the 13 short-lived compounds for which
the EPA previously proposed to add
GWPs in the proposed 2013 Revisions
Rule. These are adjustments to the
radiative efficiencies of short-lived
of Geophysics, Accepted manuscript online: 24
April 2013.
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
compounds to better account for the fact
that such compounds are not well
mixed in the atmosphere. As discussed
in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule,
GWPs estimated for short-lived
compounds are often based on the
assumption that the compounds are
well mixed in the atmosphere, and this
assumption can lead to overestimated
GWPs.12 This expectation was
12 However, as noted in the proposed 2013
Revisions Rule, the absolute error (i.e., error in total
CO2e) associated with this overestimate is expected
to be small when the GWP itself is small, which is
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
Continued
31JYP1
44340
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
confirmed by the adjustments made in
the Comprehensive Review, which
significantly lowered the estimated
GWPs of the short-lived compounds
compared to those that were proposed
in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule.
The GWPs for short-lived compounds
that we are proposing to adopt from
AR5 reflect these adjustments.
AR5 expresses the GWPs of many
short-lived compounds as ‘‘<1.’’ To
allow calculations of CO2e, which
require a point estimate of each
compound’s GWP, we have calculated
more precise GWPs for these
compounds based on the radiative
efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes
provided for the compounds in AR5.
Table 2 of this preamble lists the precise
GWPs. We are also considering the
option of assigning a GWP of ‘‘1’’ to
these compounds. While using a GWP
of 1 would lead to an overestimate of
CO2e emissions, this overestimate
would be extremely small in most cases,
and using a GWP of 1 would simplify
calculations. We specifically request
comment on whether we should assign
the precise GWP (e.g., 0.12 for
trifluoropropene) or ‘‘1’’ in these cases.
The Supplementary Material to
Chapter 8 of AR5 (Table 8.SM.16)
includes another set of GWPs for the
GHGs included in Table 8.A.1. These
GWPs have been adjusted to reflect
feedback mechanisms that increase the
GWPs by between 10 and 22 percent,
depending on the atmospheric lifetime
of the GHG. Because the GWPs included
in AR4 (and earlier IPCC Scientific
Assessment Reports) did not include
this adjustment, we are not proposing to
adopt the set of GWPs in AR5 that
includes it. This will retain as much
comparability as practicable among the
GWPs used in the GHGRP, given our
interest in remaining consistent with the
GWPs used for UNFCCC reporting (i.e.,
the AR4 GWPs for the GHGs with GWPs
in AR4).
For one fluorinated GHG,
trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), we are
proposing to add a chemical-specific
GWP from AR4. This GWP is 0.4. (There
is no GWP for trifluoroiodomethane in
AR5.) The GWP for
trifluoroiodomethane was inadvertently
omitted from earlier versions of Table
A–1.
We are also proposing to update the
GWP of sevoflurane, a hydrofluoroether
that is used as an anesthetic. As noted
above, the GWP for sevoflurane that is
currently in Table A–1 (345) is based on
a 1999 paper from the peer-reviewed
literature because no IPCC report
(including AR4) had included a GWP
for sevoflurane when Part 98 was first
promulgated. In today’s action, we are
proposing to adopt the GWP provided
for sevoflurane in AR5 (216), which is
more accurate and reflects the current
international scientific consensus.
To make Table A–1 easier to use
while accommodating the additional
chemical-specific GWPs, we are
proposing to reorganize the chemicalspecific GWPs on Table A–1 by
fluorinated GHG group and/or
subgroup. These fluorinated GHG
groups and subgroups are the same as
those discussed as the basis for the
proposed default GWPs in section II.C.3.
of this preamble. The reorganized Table
A–1 appears in the proposed regulatory
text.
3. Addition of Default GWPs for
Fluorinated GHGs That Do Not Have
Chemical-Specific GWPs on Table A–1
The EPA is proposing eight default
GWP values based on fluorinated GHG
group. These default GWPs would be
added to Table A–1 and would apply to
fluorinated GHGs and HTFs not
otherwise listed on Table A–1. The
proposed fluorinated GHG groups are:
(1) Fully fluorinated GHGs and HTFs,
(2) saturated hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs), (3) partially segregated saturated
HFEs and hydrochlorofluoroethers
(HCFEs), (4) non-segregated saturated
HFEs and HCFEs, (5) unsaturated
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated
HFCs, unsaturated
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
unsaturated ethers, unsaturated
halogenated esters, and fluorinated
ketones, (6) fluorotelomer alcohols, (7)
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine
bonds, and (8) other GHGs and HTFs.
For each fluorinated GHG group, we are
basing the proposed default GWPs on
the average of the chemical-specific
GWPs of chemicals that belong to that
group and that are either on Table A–
1 or are proposed to be added to Table
A–1 under this proposed rule. The
proposed fluorinated GHG groups and
associated GWPs are listed in Table 3 of
this preamble.
TABLE 3—DEFAULT GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1
Proposed GWP
(100-year)
Fluorinated GHG group
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Fully fluorinated GHGs ..................................................................................................................................................................
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ...........................................................................................................................................
Partially segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs .........................................................................................................................
Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs ...............................................................................................................................
Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated halogenated ethers, unsaturated halogenated
esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones .............................................................................................................
Fluorotelomer alcohols ..................................................................................................................................................................
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s) ..............................................................................................................................
Other fluorinated GHGs .................................................................................................................................................................
a. Fluorinated GHG Groups
The fluorinated GHG groups are based
primarily on chemical structure, which
is correlated with atmospheric lifetime
and GWP. Thus, within each group,
GWPs fall into a relatively limited
range, and among the groups, GWPs
vary significantly. This permits default
GWPs to be established with more
precision than is possible with larger or
more diverse sets of fluorinated GHGs.
In proposing these groups, the EPA
has taken into consideration the
comments received on the default GWPs
that were proposed for purposes of
reporting emissions under subpart L.
We proposed five fluorinated GHG
groups and associated default GWPs in
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
1
1
1
110
the proposed amendments to subpart L,
including (1) fully fluorinated GHGs
and HTFs, (2) saturated HFCs, (3)
saturated HFEs and saturated HCFEs, (4)
unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs,
unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated HFEs,
and fluorinated ketones, and (5) other
GHGs and HTFs. Commenters requested
that we split the third group, expand the
generally the case for GHGs with atmospheric
lifetimes of a few days or weeks (78 FR 19813).
VerDate Mar<15>2010
10,000
2,200
200
2,400
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
fourth group, and add two additional
groups, fluorotelomer alcohols and
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine
bonds, to increase the precision and
accuracy of the default GWPs applied to
the chemicals in these groups. The
commenters stated that five types of
chemicals, including unsaturated
fluorinated ethers, unsaturated
halogenated esters, fluorinated
aldehydes, fluorotelomer alcohols, and
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine
bonds, would have been assigned GWPs
that were too high if they had remained
in the ‘‘Other’’ category. They further
stated that two types of saturated HFEs
and HCFEs would have been assigned
GWPs that were, on average, either too
high (for partially segregated saturated
HFEs and HCFEs) or too low (for nonsegregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs).
We agree with these comments and are
consequently including the suggested
additional fluorinated GHG groups and
associated default GWPs in this
proposed rule.13 We are also revising
the group of unsaturated compounds to
include unsaturated fluorinated ethers,
unsaturated halogenated esters, and
fluorinated aldehydes.
The definitions and characteristics of
each fluorinated GHG group are
discussed below:
Fully fluorinated GHGs. Fully
fluorinated GHGs are fluorinated GHGs
that contain only single bonds and in
which all available valence locations are
filled by fluorine atoms. This group
includes but is not limited to saturated
perfluorocarbons; SF5CF3; fully
fluorinated linear, branched and cyclic
alkanes; fully fluorinated ethers; fully
fluorinated tertiary amines; fully
fluorinated aminoethers; and
perfluoropolyethers. As discussed
further below, for purposes of
establishing a default GWP, we are
proposing to exclude NF3 and SF6 from
the group as we did in the proposed
amendments to subpart L. The
remaining fully fluorinated GHGs for
which data are available have lifetimes
of over 500 to several thousand years
and GWPs of 6,290 to 17,700.
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons. This
group would include HFCs that contain
only single bonds (i.e.,
hydrofluoroalkanes such as HFC–134a).
Saturated HFCs have lifetimes from 0.3
years to 270 years and GWPs from 12 to
14,800. The average GWP of saturated
HFCs is approximately 2,200, the
default GWP that we would assign to
this group. Because the range of
13 The analysis supporting the proposed default
GWPs, ‘‘Revised Analysis of Potential Default GWPs
for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP,’’
is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927.
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
lifetimes and GWPs spanned by the
saturated HFCs is quite large, we are
also considering the option of
establishing two default GWPs for HFCs:
One for shorter-lived HFCs and one for
longer-lived HFCs. This would provide
more precise information regarding the
atmospheric behavior of each group. For
example, the average GWP of the
saturated HFCs with atmospheric
lifetimes above 20 years is
approximately 5,700, while the average
GWP of the saturated HFCs with
atmospheric lifetimes below 20 years is
approximately 600. However, the
drawback of establishing default GWPs
by atmospheric lifetime is that it
requires reporters to know the
atmospheric lifetimes of the HFCs to
which the default GWPs would be
applied. This information is not likely
to be available for many HFCs that are
not on Table A–1. The EPA specifically
requests comment on the option of
establishing different GWPs for shortand longer-lived HFCs. We also request
comment on the option of establishing
GWPs for HFCs based on the number of
carbon-hydrogen bonds in the molecule,
an option discussed in more detail for
HFEs below and in ‘‘Analysis of
Atmospheric Lifetimes, Radiative
Efficiencies, and Global Warming
Potentials of Saturated
Hydrofluoroethers by Number of
Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Fluorine
Bonds,’’ (available in Docket EPA–HQ–
OAR–2009–0927), which includes an
analysis of the relationship between the
number of carbon-hydrogen bonds and
GWPs in HFCs.
Non-segregated saturated HFEs and
HCFEs. This group would include HFEs
and HCFEs that contain only single
bonds and include fluorine substitutes
on all alkyl groups (e.g., HFE–134). This
group and the partially segregated
saturated HFEs and HCFEs, discussed
below, are based on chemical structure
and break the set of saturated HFEs and
HCFEs into two smaller sets with
relatively limited ranges of atmospheric
lifetimes and GWPs. HFEs and HCFEs in
this category have atmospheric lifetimes
ranging from less than 1 year to 136
years and GWPs ranging from 11 to
14,900. Although there is a significant
difference between the highest and
lowest GWPs in this group, most
compounds in the group have GWPs of
more than 500. The average GWP of the
group is 2,400, the default GWP that we
would assign to this group.
Partially segregated saturated HFEs
and HCFEs. This group would include
HFEs and HCFEs that contain only
single bonds as well as at least one fully
hydrogenated alkyl group with no
fluorine or chlorine substitutes (e.g.,
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44341
HFE–356mm1). HFEs and HCFEs in this
category have atmospheric lifetimes
from a few weeks to 5.2 years and GWPs
from 0.5 to 756. Most compounds in this
category have GWPs below 500. The
average GWP of the group is 200, the
default GWP that we would assign to
this group.
A 2008 study suggested that the
number of carbon-hydrogen (C–H)
bonds in saturated HFEs was a better
predictor of their atmospheric lifetimes,
and therefore GWPs, than whether the
HFEs were non-segregated or partially
segregated.14 Based on our analysis,
dividing the set of HFEs and HCFEs into
two or more groups based on the
number of C–H bonds could increase
the accuracy and precision of the
associated default GWPs compared to
dividing the HFEs and HCFEs into the
non-segregated and partially segregated
groups.15 We specifically request
comment on the option of basing default
GWPs for HFEs and HCFEs on the
number of C–H bonds in the molecule.
Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs,
unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated
halogenated ethers, unsaturated
halogenated esters, fluorinated
aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones.
This group would include very shortlived compounds including unsaturated
PFCs (e.g., hexafluoropropylene and
tetrafluoroethylene), unsaturated HFCs
(e.g., HFC–1234yf and perfluorobutyl
ethene), unsaturated HCFCs,
unsaturated halogenated ethers (e.g.,
fluoroxene), unsaturated halogenated
esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and
fluorinated ketones. These GHGs have
lifetimes of a few days to weeks. The
average GWPs of the subgroups, where
they have been evaluated, range from
0.01 to 0.7. The average GWP for the
group is 0.4, but we are proposing to
assign a default GWP of one to simplify
calculations. Using a default GWP of
one would lead to an overestimate of
CO2e emissions, but this overestimate
would be extremely small in most cases.
We specifically request comment on this
approach.
While multiple studies have indicated
that unsaturated PFCs and unsaturated
HFCs have low GWPs, fewer studies
have evaluated GWPs for unsaturated
HCFCs, unsaturated fluorinated ethers,
fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated
14 Blowers, P., D.M. Moline, K.F. Tetrault, R.R.
Wheeler, and S.L. Tuchawena. 2008. Global
Warming Potentials of Hydrofluoroethers. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 42, 1301–1307.
15 ‘‘Analysis of Atmospheric Lifetimes, Radiative
Efficiencies, and Global Warming Potentials of
Saturated Hydrofluoroethers by Number of CarbonHydrogen and Carbon-Fluorine Bonds,’’ available in
Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
44342
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
ketones.16 Thus, the GWPs of these
subgroups are less certain. The EPA
specifically requests comment on the
likely variability of the lifetimes and
GWPs of unsaturated HCFCs,
unsaturated fluorinated ethers,
fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated
ketones and on whether or not these
compounds should be included in the
very-short-lived group or in the ‘‘Other
fluorinated GHG’’ group, discussed
below.
Although the EPA is not aware of any
peer-reviewed studies that have
evaluated GWPs for unsaturated
fluorinated esters, the atmospheric
behavior of saturated fluorinated esters
and of other unsaturated compounds
indicates that unsaturated fluorinated
esters are likely to have low GWPs. The
fluorinated esters with GWPs in AR5
(including the fluorinated acetates and
formates) have GWPs ranging from 2 to
588, which is significantly lower than
the ranges of GWPs for saturated HFCs
and PFCs, respectively. This implies
that the unsaturated esters are likely to
have GWPs that are comparable to or
lower than the GWPs of the unsaturated
HFCs and PFCs. However, we are
specifically requesting comment on
whether this line of reasoning justifies
the inclusion of unsaturated fluorinated
esters in the same group as unsaturated
HFCs and PFCs, to which we are
proposing to assign a default GWP of
one. The alternative group would be the
‘‘Other Fluorinated GHG’’ group, to
which we are proposing to assign a
default GWP of 110.
Fluorotelomer alcohols. This group
includes saturated fluorinated
compounds with the chemical formula
CnF2n+1CH2CH2OH. Fluorotelomer
alcohols have atmospheric lifetimes
ranging from 2 to 3 weeks and GWPs
ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. Their average
GWP is 0.3. We are proposing a default
GWP of one for this group; however, as
for the unsaturated compounds
discussed above, we particularly request
comment on assigning a GWP equal to
the average GWP of the group.
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine
bonds. Fluorinated GHGs with carboniodine bonds have very short
atmospheric lifetimes. AR4 included an
atmospheric lifetime of 2 days and a
GWP of 0.4 for one member of this
group, CF3I. Peer-reviewed studies on
16 However, at least one study found that a
number of fluorinated ketones and fluorinated
aldehydes had brief atmospheric lifetimes (several
days) (Derwent, R.G. 1995. ‘‘Sources, Distributions,
and Fates of VOCs in the Atmosphere.’’ Issues in
Environmental Science and Technology, 4. pp 1–
16.) All the fluorinated GHGs that have GWPs in
AR5 and that have atmospheric lifetimes of less
than two weeks have GWPs of less than one.
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
other members of this group have found
similarly brief atmospheric lifetimes but
have not assigned GWPs. We are
proposing a default GWP of one for this
group.
Other fluorinated GHGs. This group
includes the fluorinated GHGs that do
not fall into any of the seven sets
defined above. To ensure that the gas
groups are both distinct (i.e., do not
overlap) and comprehensive (i.e., cover
all fluorinated GHGs), this gas group is
a catch-all for any remaining fluorinated
GHGs. Based on the list of compounds
and GWPs included in AR5, the EPA’s
understanding is that this group would
consist of saturated fluorinated acetates,
saturated fluorinated formates,
carbonofluoridates, and fluorinated
alcohols (other than fluorotelomer
alcohols) with lifetimes ranging from a
few weeks to a few years and GWPs
ranging from less than 5 to the
hundreds. The EPA specifically requests
comment on which chemicals would
fall into this group and on their
atmospheric lifetimes and GWPs. We
are proposing a default GWP of 110 for
this group.
b. Calculation of Default GWPs
For each group, we have taken the
average GWP of the group, rounding it
to one or two significant figures.17 For
example, to determine the default GWP
for fully fluorinated GHGs, we
determined the average GWP of all fully
fluorinated fluorocarbons in either
Table A–1 or, for compounds not
included in Table A–1, in AR5. The
average GWP for the fully fluorinated
fluorocarbons is equal to 9,857. This
provided the default GWP of 10,000 for
fully fluorinated compounds.
This approach is expected to result in
an unbiased estimate of the GWP of
each fluorinated GHG group because, at
the present time, the GWPs of the
fluorinated GHGs on Table A–1 are not
17 The number of significant figures to which the
average GWPs were rounded depended on the
relative and absolute errors associated with that
number of significant figures. In general, GWPs
were rounded to two significant figures when the
average GWP was greater than 100, reflecting
uncertainties in the average of a few percent. One
exception was the rounded average GWP for fully
fluorinated fluorocarbons, which was rounded to
one significant figure (10,000) rather than two
(9,900) because the uncertainty associated with the
second figure (i.e., ±100) is only about one percent
of the average GWP for the group. Rounding the
average for the fully fluorinated fluorocarbons to
the nearest 100 (9,900) would understate the
uncertainty associated with the default and result
in a less robust default that would be more sensitive
to small changes in the set of GWPs used to
calculate the default. GWPs of less than one were
rounded to one decimal place because, for the
affected gases, the absolute error in CO2e emissions
that is associated with this rounding is expected to
be small.
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
expected to be any lower or higher, on
average, than the GWPs of the
fluorinated GHGs that are not on Table
A–1. However, for the ‘‘Other
fluorinated GHGs’’ group, which is a
‘‘catch-all’’ category for fluorinated
GHGs that do not fit into any other
group, it is possible that newly
synthesized types of compounds could
have GWPs significantly different from
the GWPs of the types of compounds
that are currently in the group. Given
this uncertainty, we are specifically
requesting comment on an alternative
option. This option would be to adopt
a default GWP for this group based on
the average of the GWPs of all
fluorinated GHGs (i.e., 2000). This
would recognize that the uncertainty
associated with the GWPs of newly
synthesized compound types may
exceed that associated with the GWPs of
the compound types currently identified
as belonging to the ‘‘other fluorinated
GHGs’’ group. However, while adopting
a GWP of 2000 would decrease the
likelihood of underestimating the GWPs
of new types of compounds, it would
significantly overestimate the GWPs of
the compound types that have been
identified to date as belonging to this
group.
The EPA also requests comment on
the sets of chemicals selected as the
bases for the default GWPs. First, we are
specifically requesting comment on the
fluorinated GHG groups proposed here.
Do they capture most of the variability
in GWPs exhibited by fluorinated
GHGs? If not, please explain (1) what
alternative fluorinated GHG groups
would capture this variability, and
(2) whether facilities could easily
determine to which fluorinated GHG
group a particular fluorinated
compound belonged.
Second, we are requesting comment
on the individual chemicals whose
GWPs are used to establish GWPs for
each fluorinated GHG group. We are
specifically interested in comments on
how to treat compounds with relatively
high or low GWPs for their groups (i.e.,
outliers). Within the group of fully
fluorinated GHGs, relatively high GWPs
are generally a consequence of a
compound’s radiative efficiency (or,
more precisely, the ratio of the
compound’s radiative efficiency to its
molecular weight), which is in turn
influenced by the compound’s inclusion
of bonds other than C–F bonds
(e.g., S–F or N–F bonds in SF6, SF5CF3,
and NF3) or by a cyclic structure (as for
c-C3F6). Within the other fluorinated
GHG groups, relatively high-GWP
compounds are those that are relatively
long-lived, such as HFC–23 among the
saturated HFCs and HFE–125 and HFE–
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
134 among the saturated HFEs, while
relatively low-GWP compounds are
those that are short-lived, such as HFC–
152a among the saturated HFCs.
To develop the proposed defaults, we
have included outliers where we could
not rule out the possibility that such
outliers may also occur among the
fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs we wish
to estimate through the use of defaults.
Thus, to estimate the default GWP for
fully fluorinated GHGs, the EPA did not
include SF6 or NF3, because the
definition of ‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ does
not include any other compounds
whose radiatively important bonds
consist exclusively of S–F or N–F
bonds. However, we did include
SF5CF3, because the definition of
‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ does include
fluorocarbons, which may include S–F
and N–F bonds in addition to C–F
bonds. We also included cyclic
fluorinated GHGs for the same reason.
An analysis of how the default GWPs
change based on the inclusion or
exclusion of outliers is included in the
docket for this rulemaking. For fully
fluorinated GHGs, the inclusion of SF6
and NF3 would increase the default
from 10,000 to 11,000, while the
exclusion of c-C3F6 and SF5CF3
(numerical outliers) would decrease the
default to 9,000.
We are also specifically requesting
comment on whether fluorinated GHGs
that contain chlorine should be
included in the ‘‘other fluorinated
GHG’’ group or in the fluorinated GHG
groups in which chemically similar
fluorinated GHGs that do not contain
chlorine are included. While most
chlorine-containing GHGs are regulated
under the EPA’s Stratospheric Ozone
Protection Regulations at 40 CFR part
82, subpart A and are therefore
excluded from the definition of
‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ under the GHG
Reporting Rule (and the requirements of
subpart L), some chlorine-containing
GHGs are included in the definition of
‘‘fluorinated GHG.’’ These include, for
example, a few HCFEs and unsaturated
HCFCs. In the future, facilities may emit
other chlorine-containing fluorinated
GHGs (e.g., unsaturated
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
unsaturated hydrobromofluorocarbons).
In developing the proposed default
GWPs, we have included current
chlorine-containing fluorinated GHGs in
the same groups as similar fluorinated
GHGs without chlorine (grouping
HCFEs with HFEs and unsaturated
HCFCs with unsaturated HFCs), because
the atmospheric lifetimes and GWPs of
the chlorine-containing compounds are
similar to those of the similar
compounds without chlorine. The
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
alternative would be to include the
chlorine-containing compounds in the
‘‘Other fluorinated GHGs’’ group, but
this approach would lead to the use of
less accurate default GWPs for the
chlorine-containing compounds.
In addition, we are specifically
requesting comment on the option of
calculating the default GWPs based on
the AR5 GWPs for the chemicals in each
group. As discussed above, our
preferred approach is to calculate the
default GWPs based on the chemicalspecific GWPs that would appear in
Table A–1 as amended by this rule, that
is, on a combination of AR4 GWPs (for
the fluorinated GHGs that have AR4
GWPs) and AR5 GWPs (for the
fluorinated GHGs that do not have AR4
GWPs). This approach would provide
consistency between the default GWPs
and the chemical-specific GWPs on
Table A–1. However, for some
fluorinated GHGs (e.g., many HFEs), the
AR5 GWPs are significantly different
from the AR4 GWPs. While it would be
inconsistent with UNFCCC reporting
guidelines to use AR5 GWPs as the
chemical-specific GWPs for fluorinated
GHGs that have AR4 GWPs, it would
not be inconsistent with UNFCCC
guidelines to use those chemicalspecific AR5 GWPs to set defaults. This
is because the UNFCCC does not
provide guidance regarding which
GWPs to use for GHGs that have not had
GWPs published in IPCC reports (i.e.,
the GHGs to which default GWPs would
be applied). AR5 reflects the most
current scientific understanding of the
atmospheric lifetimes and/or radiative
behavior of GHGs. Basing defaults on
these newly assigned GWPs would
increase the accuracy and the long-term
robustness of the defaults, particularly
for the non-segregated and partially
segregated saturated HFE groups.
4. Revised Definition of ‘‘Global
Warming Potential’’
We are also proposing to revise the
definition of ‘‘global warming potential’’
in subpart A to clarify how chemicalspecific and default GWPs would be
selected and applied for purposes of the
calculations in Part 98. This
clarification states that the chemicalspecific GWPs in Table A–1 would be
required to be applied to GHGs that had
chemical-specific GWPs listed in Table
A–1, while the default GWPs in Table
A–1 would be required to be applied to
fluorinated GHGs that did not have
chemical-specific GWPs listed in Table
A–1. This would help to ensure that
chemical-specific and default GWPs
were applied correctly and consistently
in CO2e calculations across Part 98.
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44343
5. Special Provisions for Facilities and
Suppliers That Become Newly Subject
to One or More Subparts of Part 98 Due
to the Addition of GWPs
As discussed further in Section III.B
of this preamble, we do not anticipate
that finalizing the GWPs proposed in
this action would expand the set of
facilities required to report under the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting rule.
However, to allow for the possibility
that some facilities or suppliers could
become newly subject to one or more
subparts of Part 98 due to the addition
of the GWPs, we are proposing special
provisions for these facilities regarding
the timing of reporting and the use of
best available monitoring methods
(BAMM). These provisions would be
identical to the equivalent provisions
for facilities and suppliers that became
newly subject to one or more subparts
due to the update of GWPs in the 2013
Revisions Rule, 40 CFR 98.3(k) and (l).
To implement this approach, we are
proposing to revise 40 CFR 98.3(k) and
(l) to delete most references to particular
years and replace these with references
based on the year during which the
changes to the GWPs are promulgated.
D. Relationship Between This Proposed
Rule and Proposed Amendments to
Subpart L
As discussed above, the EPA
proposed a set of amendments to
subpart L last November that would
replace the two existing default GWPs
in subpart L with five default GWPs (in
a new Table L–1) for the calculations
and reporting under that subpart. The
EPA intends to finalize the proposed
amendments to subpart L in time for
reporting in calendar year 2015, which
for subpart L reporters will include
previously deferred detailed reporting of
2011 through 2013 emissions as well as
of 2014 emissions. We also intend to
finalize this proposed rule in time for
reporting in calendar year 2015,
probably after finalizing the
amendments to subpart L. This would
ensure that the chemical-specific GWPs
that would be added under this action,
which we did not propose to add under
the amendments to subpart L, would
apply to subpart L emissions for the
entire time series. In addition, while we
anticipate that the default GWPs
finalized in Table L–1 under the
amendments to subpart L would be the
same as the default GWPs finalized in
Table A–1 under this action, we intend
to remove Table L–1 and the references
to it when this rule is finalized. After
these removals, subpart L would not
include any subpart-specific default
GWPs. This would simplify subpart L
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
44344
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
and ensure future as well as current
consistency among the default GWPs
applied across Part 98.
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
E. Relationship Between This Proposed
Rule and Default GWP in Subpart I
For purposes of certain calculations
under subpart I, electronics facilities are
required to use a default GWP of 2,000
for fluorinated GHGs for which Table
A–1 does not ‘‘define’’ or ‘‘list’’ a GWP
value. These calculations include the
preliminary calculation of stack system
emissions at 40 CFR 98.93(i)(1) and
(i)(2), the calculation of the relative
standard deviation of stack emission
factors at 40 CFR 98.94 (j)(5)(ii)(C), the
calculation of the change in annual
consumption of fluorinated GHGs at 40
CFR 98.94(j)(8)(i), the calculations of the
effective destruction or removal
efficiency at 40 CFR 98.96 (Equations I–
26, I–27, and I–28), and the calculation
of the approximate percentage of total
GHG emissions consisting of emissions
from research and development
activities at 40 CFR 98.96(x). To clarify
that the default GWPs that we are
proposing to add to Table A–1 should
be used for these calculations rather
than the default GWP of 2,000, we are
proposing to remove all references to
the default GWP of 2,000 from subpart
I. This would ensure that the GWPs
used for the calculations in subpart I are
consistent with those used for all other
calculations and reporting under Part
98.
F. Calculation of Differences and
Changes in CO2e Quantities Under
Subpart I and Subpart L
Both subpart I and subpart L include
calculations that compare CO2e
parameters that are measured and/or
calculated at different times. For
example, under subpart I, facilities
using the stack testing method must
evaluate whether annual consumption
of a fluorinated GHG has changed by
more than 10 percent of the total annual
fluorinated GHG consumption in CO2e
since the most recent emissions test. If
it has, then the facility must re-test (40
CFR 98.94(j)(8)(i)). Under subpart L,
facilities that plan a change to an
operating scenario whose emission
factor was measured must estimate and
compare the emission calculation
factors for the measured and changed
scenarios. If the difference exceeds 15
percent, then the facility must re-test (40
CFR 98.124(c)(7)(ii)).
For purposes of these and similar
calculations, facilities would use, for
both the original and the updated
parameters, the GWPs that are in the
version of Table A–1 in effect at the
time of the calculation. This would
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
avoid the introduction of differences
that are caused by differences in GWPs
rather than by changes to production
processes.
G. Relationship Between This Proposed
Rule and GHG Permitting Requirements
EPA’s stationary source permitting
regulations incorporate Table A–1 to
subpart A of 40 CFR part 98 to provide
a method for calculating emissions of
GHGs (in terms of CO2e) in order to
determine whether Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD)
permitting requirements are applicable
to an individual source. See 75 FR
31522, 40 CFR 51.166(b)(48)(ii)(a), 40
CFR 52.21(b)(49)(ii)(a). In the 2013
Revisions Rule, we explained how a
change to a GWP relates to PSD
permitting (78 FR 71914–71917). For
example, we explained that in the case
of a final PSD permit that is issued prior
to the effective date of a GWP revision,
the permit should continue to rely upon
the GWPs that were in place at the time
of permit issuance for purposes of
demonstrating compliance with the
conditions of the permit.
On June 23, 2014, the U.S. Supreme
Court issued its decision in Utility Air
Regulatory Group v. EPA (No. 12–1146).
The Court said that EPA may not treat
greenhouse gases as an air pollutant for
purposes of determining whether a
source is a major source required to
obtain a PSD or title V permit. The
Court also said that PSD permits that are
otherwise required (based on emissions
of conventional pollutants) may
continue to require limitations on
greenhouse gas emissions based on the
application of Best Available Control
Technology (BACT). EPA is continuing
to examine the implications of the
Court’s decision, including how EPA
may need to revise its permitting
regulations based on the Supreme Court
decision. Nevertheless, because the
Court decision upheld the PSD BACT
requirement for GHGs under specific
circumstances, EPA believes it is likely
that its revised PSD permitting
regulations would continue to
incorporate Table A–1 GWPs to
calculate CO2e.
In the current version of Part 98,
Table A–1 assigns chemical-specific
GWPs for individual GHG compounds.
It contains chemical-specific GWPs for
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
sulfur hexafluoride, and several HFC
and PFC compounds. However, not all
HFC and PFC compounds are included
in the current version of Table A–1.
This proposed rule would add
chemical-specific and default GWPs to
Table A–1 for the remaining HFCs and
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
PFCs that the current version of Table
A–1 does not cover.
To the extent that Table A–1 GWPs
continue to be used in permitting, as
with the 2013 Revisions Rule, adoption
of these chemical-specific and default
GWPs may automatically apply in some
state and local PSD programs, while
some state and local agencies may have
to engage in an adoption process to
incorporate the revised Table A–1 into
their program regulations.18 In the 2013
Revisions Rule, EPA noted that some
states would need to modify their PSD
SIPs programs in order to make the
revisions to Table A–1 effective in their
permitting programs (78 FR 71916). As
a result of the Supreme Court decision
issued June 23, 2014, additional
revisions to state PSD SIPs and title V
programs may be necessary, but EPA
has yet to determine the nature of any
appropriate revisions to EPA’s federal
regulations that establish the minimum
requirements for state PSD and title V
programs.19 EPA will provide more
information on this subject in
forthcoming actions by the Agency. To
the extent necessary, we will address
the procedures for states to adopt the
revisions to Table A–1 in any
subsequent action addressing that
decision, which should allow states to
make any necessary regulatory
amendments at one time.
III. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
This action is not a ‘‘significant
regulatory action’’ under the terms of
Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735,
18 For PSD, state and local permitting agencies
handle the majority of GHG PSD permitting through
either EPA-approved state rules, which generally
incorporate the requirements from the Tailoring
Rule provisions at 40 CFR 51.166 or 52.21, or
through a delegation from the EPA in which the
state issues PSD permits on behalf of the EPA using
40 CFR 52.21. Through its Regional Offices, the
EPA issues PSD permits for areas not covered by
an EPA-approved or delegated state permit program
using 40 CFR 52.21.
19 Similar to the PSD rules, EPA’s title V
permitting regulations have also incorporated Table
A–1 to subpart A of 40 CFR part 98 to provide a
method for calculating emissions of GHG (in terms
of CO2e). See 75 FR 31522, 40 CFR 70.2 (definition
of ‘‘subject to regulation’’), 40 CFR 71.2 (same). As
for PSD, the 2013 Revisions Rule also explained
how a change to a GWP would relate to title V
permitting, including in EPA-approved title V
permitting programs implemented by state and
local permitting authorities. 78 FR 71914–71917.
EPA is still evaluating how, if at all, the Table A–
1 GWPs will continue to be used in the title V
permitting regulations in light of the Supreme
Court’s decision in Utility Air Regulatory Group v.
EPA. EPA will provide further information in future
actions as appropriate.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
October 4, 1993) and is therefore not
subject to review under Executive
Orders 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 3821,
January 21, 2011).
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
This action does not increase
information collection burden. The
proposed addition of GWPs to subpart A
is not expected to affect the
applicability of the rule. The seven
subparts that could potentially be
affected include subpart I, subpart L,
subpart T, subparts DD and SS, and
subparts OO and QQ. Subpart I
applicability is determined by a
simplified emissions calculation that
includes a specific, limited set of
fluorinated GHGs, none of whose GWPs
would be affected by finalization of this
proposed rule. Under subpart L, all
fluorinated gas production facilities that
emit GHGs whose GWPs are increasing
are already believed to be reporting.
Similarly, all fluorinated GHG
production facilities are already
required to report under subpart OO,
and all fluorinated GHG importers and
exporters of the fluorinated GHGs and
HTFs that would be assigned GWPs are
already believed to report under
subparts OO and QQ. The applicability
of subparts DD and SS would not be
affected because the thresholds for both
subparts are expressed in terms of GHG
masses rather than CO2e masses. Any
impact on the applicability of subpart T
is expected to be negligible, because the
fluorinated GHGs that would be
assigned default GWPs and that would
be reported under that subpart are
believed to make up a very small
fraction of the CO2-e emissions from
covered facilities. The OMB has
previously approved the information
collection requirements for subparts A,
I, L, T, DD, OO, QQ, and SS under 40
CFR part 98 under the provisions of the
Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C.
3501 et seq., and has assigned Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) control
numbers 2060–0629 and 2060–0650.
Further information on the EPA’s
assessment on the impact on burden can
be found in the memorandum,
‘‘Economic Analysis of Adding
Chemical-Specific and Default GWPs to
Table A–1’’ in docket number EPA–HQ–
OAR–2009–0927.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
The RFA generally requires an agency
to prepare a regulatory flexibility
analysis of any rule subject to notice
and comment rulemaking requirements
under the Administrative Procedure Act
or any other statute unless the agency
certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small businesses,
small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts
of this proposed rule on small entities,
small entity is defined as: (1) A small
business as defined by the Small
Business Administration’s regulations at
13 CFR 121.201; (2) a small
governmental jurisdiction that is a
government of a city, county, town,
school district or special district with a
population of less than 50,000; and (3)
a small organization that is any not-forprofit enterprise which is independently
owned and operated and is not
dominant in its field.
After considering the economic
impacts of these proposed rule
amendments on small entities, I certify
that this action will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
The proposed addition of default GWPs
to subpart A is not expected to affect the
applicability of the rule to small
entities.
Further, the EPA took several steps to
reduce the impact of 40 CFR part 98 on
small entities when developing the final
GHG Reporting Rules in 2009 and 2010.
For example, the EPA determined
appropriate thresholds that reduced the
number of small businesses reporting. In
addition, the EPA conducted several
meetings with industry associations to
discuss regulatory options and the
corresponding burden on industry, such
as recordkeeping and reporting. Finally,
the EPA continues to conduct
significant outreach on the GHGRP and
maintains an ‘‘open door’’ policy for
stakeholders to help inform the EPA’s
understanding of key issues for the
industries. We continue to be interested
in the potential impacts of the proposed
rule on small entities and welcome
comments on issues related to such
impacts.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA)
The proposed rule amendments do
not contain a federal mandate that may
result in expenditures of $100 million or
more for state, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any one year. Thus, the
proposed rule amendments are not
subject to the requirements of sections
202 and 205 of the UMRA. This
proposed rule is also not subject to the
requirements of section 203 of UMRA
because it contains no regulatory
requirements that might significantly or
uniquely affect small governments.
Facilities and suppliers subject to the
proposed rule include electronics
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44345
manufacturers, fluorinated gas
producers, magnesium producers and
processers, manufacturers and users of
electrical equipment, importers and
exporters of fluorinated GHGs in bulk,
and importers and exporters of precharged equipment and closed-cell
foams. None of the facilities currently
known to undertake these activities is
owned by a small government.
Therefore, this action is not subject to
the requirements of section 203 of the
UMRA.
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism
implications. It would not have
substantial direct effects on the states,
on the relationship between the national
government and the states, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government, as specified in
Executive Order 13132. For a more
detailed discussion about how Part 98
relates to existing state programs, please
see Section II of the preamble to the
final Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule (74
FR 56266).
The proposed amendments apply to
facilities that directly emit fluorinated
GHGs or that are suppliers of
fluorinated GHGs. They would not
apply to governmental entities unless
the governmental entity owns a facility
that directly emits fluorinated GHGs
above threshold levels (such as a
semiconductor manufacturing facility).
We are not aware of any governmental
entities that would be affected. This
regulation also would not limit the
power of states or localities to collect
GHG data and/or regulate GHG
emissions. Thus, Executive Order 13132
does not apply to this action.
Although section 6 of Executive Order
13132 does not apply to this action, the
EPA did consult with state and local
officials or representatives of state and
local governments in developing the
original GHG Reporting Rule published
on October 30, 2009 and the rule
finalizing subparts I, L, DD, QQ, and SS
published on December 1, 2010. A
summary of the EPA’s consultations
with state and local governments is
provided in Section VIII.E of the
preamble to the 2009 final rule.
In the spirit of Executive Order 13132,
and consistent with EPA policy to
promote communications between the
EPA and state and local governments,
the EPA specifically solicits comment
on this proposed action from state and
local officials.
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
This action would not have tribal
implications, as specified in Executive
Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9,
2000). The proposed amendments apply
to facilities that directly emit
fluorinated GHGs or that are suppliers
of fluorinated GHGs. They would not
have tribal implications unless the tribal
entity owns a facility that directly emits
fluorinated GHGs above threshold levels
(such as a semiconductor manufacturing
facility). We are not aware of any tribal
facilities that would be affected. Thus,
Executive Order 13175 does not apply
to this action. EPA specifically solicits
additional comment on this proposed
action from tribal officials.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children From Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) as
applying only to those regulatory
actions that concern health or safety
risks, such that the analysis required
under section 5–501 of the Executive
Order has the potential to influence the
regulation. This action is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 because it would
not establish an environmental standard
intended to mitigate health or safety
risks.
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive
Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22,
2001), because it is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order
12866.
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
I. National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Where:
CO2e = Carbon dioxide equivalent, metric
tons/year.
GHGi = Mass emissions of each greenhouse
gas, metric tons/year.
GWPi = Global warming potential for each
greenhouse gas from Table A–1 of this
subpart.
n = The number of greenhouse gases emitted.
*
*
*
*
*
(f) * * *
(1) Calculate the mass in metric tons
per year of CO2, N2O, and each
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104–
113 (15 U.S.C. 272 note), directs the
EPA to use voluntary consensus
standards in its regulatory activities
unless to do so would be inconsistent
with applicable law or otherwise
impractical. Voluntary consensus
standards are technical standards (e.g.,
materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, and business
practices) that are developed or adopted
by voluntary consensus standards
bodies. NTTAA directs the EPA to
provide Congress, through OMB,
explanations when the EPA decides not
to use available and applicable
voluntary consensus standards.
This proposed rulemaking does not
involve technical standards. Therefore,
the EPA is not considering the use of
any voluntary consensus standards.
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal
Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629,
February 16, 1994) establishes federal
executive policy on environmental
justice. Its main provision directs
federal agencies, to the greatest extent
practicable and permitted by law, to
make environmental justice part of their
mission by identifying and addressing,
as appropriate, disproportionately high
and adverse human health or
environmental effects of their programs,
policies, and activities on minority
populations and low-income
populations in the United States.
The EPA has determined that this
proposed rule would not have
disproportionately high and adverse
human health or environmental effects
on minority or low-income populations
because it would not affect the level of
protection provided to human health or
the environment; it is a rule addressing
information collection and reporting
procedures.
fluorinated GHG that is imported and
the mass in metric tons per year of CO2,
N2O, and each fluorinated GHG that is
exported during the year.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Section 98.3 is amended by:
■ a. Revising paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(E);
■ b. Removing and reserving paragraph
(c)(4)(vi);
■ c. Revising paragraphs (c)(5)(i),
(c)(5)(ii), (c)(12)(iii)(E), (k), (l)
introductory text, (l)(1) introductory
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 98
Environmental protection,
Administrative practice and procedure,
Greenhouse gases, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: July 24, 2014.
Gina McCarthy,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, the Environmental Protection
Agency proposes to amend CFR title 40
chapter I as set forth below:
PART 98—MANDATORY
GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING
1. The authority citation for part 98
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart A—General Provisions
2. Section 98.2 is amended by revising
paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(4), and (f)(1) to
read as follows:
■
§ 98.2
Who must report?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(1) Calculate the annual emissions of
CO2, CH4, N2O, and each fluorinated
GHG in metric tons from all applicable
source categories listed in paragraph
(a)(2) of this section. The GHG
emissions shall be calculated using the
calculation methodologies specified in
each applicable subpart and available
company records.
*
*
*
*
*
(4) Sum the emissions estimates from
paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of
this section for each GHG and calculate
metric tons of CO2e using Equation
A–1 of this section.
text, (l)(2) introductory text, (l)(2)(i),
(l)(2)(ii)(C) through (E); and, (l)(2)(iii).
The revisions read as follows:
§ 98.3 What are the general monitoring,
reporting, recordkeeping, and verification
requirements of this part?
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(4) * * *
(iii) * * *
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
*
*
EP31JY14.008</GPH>
44346
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
(E) Each fluorinated GHG (as defined
in § 98.6).
*
*
*
*
*
(vi) [Reserved]
*
*
*
*
*
(5) * * *
(i) Total quantity of GHG aggregated
for all GHG from all applicable supply
categories in Table A–5 of this subpart
and expressed in metric tons of CO2e
calculated using Equation A–1 of this
subpart.
(ii) Quantity of each GHG from each
applicable supply category in Table
A–5 to this subpart, expressed in metric
tons of each GHG.
*
*
*
*
*
(12) * * *
(iii) * * *
(E) Each fluorinated GHG.
*
*
*
*
*
(k) Revised global warming potentials
and special provisions for reporting year
2013 and subsequent reporting years.
This paragraph (k) applies to owners or
operators of facilities or suppliers that
first become subject to any subpart of
part 98 solely due to an amendment to
Table A–1 of this subpart.
(1) A facility or supplier that first
becomes subject to part 98 due to a
change in the GWP for one or more
compounds in Table A–1 of this
subpart, Global Warming Potentials, is
not required to submit an annual GHG
report for the reporting year during
which the change in GWPs is
promulgated.
(2) A facility or supplier that was
already subject to one or more subparts
of part 98 but becomes subject to one or
more additional subparts due to a
change in the GWP for one or more
compounds in Table A–1 of this
subpart, is not required to include those
subparts to which the facility is subject
only due to the change in the GWP in
the annual GHG report submitted for the
reporting year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated.
(3) Starting on January 1 of the year
after the year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated, facilities or
suppliers identified in paragraphs (k)(1)
or (2) of this section must start
monitoring and collecting GHG data in
compliance with the applicable subparts
of part 98 to which the facility is subject
due to the change in the GWP for the
annual greenhouse gas report for that
reporting year, which is due by March
31 of the following calendar year.
(4) A change in the GWP for one or
more compounds includes the addition
to Table A–1 of this subpart of either a
chemical-specific or a default GWP that
applies to a compound to which no
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
chemical-specific GWP in Table A–1 of
this subpart previously applied.
(l) Special provision for best available
monitoring methods in 2014 and
subsequent years. This paragraph (l)
applies to owners or operators of
facilities or suppliers that first become
subject to any subpart of part 98 due to
an amendment to Table A–1 of this
subpart, Global Warming Potentials.
(1) Best available monitoring
methods. From January 1 to March 31 of
the year after the year during which the
change in GWPs is promulgated, owners
or operators subject to this paragraph (l)
may use best available monitoring
methods for any parameter (e.g., fuel
use, feedstock rates) that cannot
reasonably be measured according to the
monitoring and QA/QC requirements of
a relevant subpart. The owner or
operator must use the calculation
methodologies and equations in the
‘‘Calculating GHG Emissions’’ sections
of each relevant subpart, but may use
the best available monitoring method for
any parameter for which it is not
reasonably feasible to acquire, install,
and operate a required piece of
monitoring equipment by January 1 of
the year after the year during which the
change in GWPs is promulgated.
Starting no later than April 1, of the year
after the year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated, the owner or
operator must discontinue using best
available methods and begin following
all applicable monitoring and QA/QC
requirements of this part, except as
provided in paragraph (l)(2) of this
section. Best available monitoring
methods means any of the following
methods:
*
*
*
*
*
(2) Requests for extension of the use
of best available monitoring methods.
The owner or operator may submit a
request to the Administrator to use one
or more best available monitoring
methods beyond March 31 of the year
after the year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated.
(i) Timing of request. The extension
request must be submitted to EPA no
later than January 31 of the year after
the year during which the change in
GWPs is promulgated.
(ii) * * *
(C) A description of the reasons that
the needed equipment could not be
obtained and installed before April 1 of
the year after the year during which the
change in GWPs is promulgated.
(D) If the reason for the extension is
that the equipment cannot be purchased
and delivered by April 1 of the year
after the year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated, supporting
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44347
documentation such as the date the
monitoring equipment was ordered,
investigation of alternative suppliers
and the dates by which alternative
vendors promised delivery, backorder
notices or unexpected delays,
descriptions of actions taken to expedite
delivery, and the current expected date
of delivery.
(E) If the reason for the extension is
that the equipment cannot be installed
without a process unit shutdown,
include supporting documentation
demonstrating that it is not practicable
to isolate the equipment and install the
monitoring instrument without a full
process unit shutdown. Include the date
of the most recent process unit
shutdown, the frequency of shutdowns
for this process unit, and the date of the
next planned shutdown during which
the monitoring equipment can be
installed. If there has been a shutdown
or if there is a planned process unit
shutdown between November 29 of the
year during which the change in GWPs
is promulgated and April 1 of the year
after the year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated, include a
justification of why the equipment
could not be obtained and installed
during that shutdown.
*
*
*
*
*
(iii) Approval criteria. To obtain
approval, the owner or operator must
demonstrate to the Administrator’s
satisfaction that it is not reasonably
feasible to acquire, install, and operate
a required piece of monitoring
equipment by April 1 of the year after
the year during which the change in
GWPs is promulgated. The use of best
available methods under this paragraph
(l) will not be approved beyond
December 31 of the year after the year
during which the change in GWPs is
promulgated.
■ 4. Section 98.6 is amended by:
■ a. Adding, in alphabetical order, the
definitions for Fluorinated GHG group,
Fluorotelomer alcohols, Fully
fluorinated GHGs;
■ b. Revising the definition for Global
warming potential; and
■ c. Adding, in alphabetical order, the
definitions for Non-segregated saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), Nonsegregated saturated hydrofluoroethers
(HFEs), Other fluorinated GHGs,
Partially segregated saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs),
Partially segregated saturated
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), Saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs),
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs),
Unsaturated ethers, Unsaturated
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
44348
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs);
and, Unsaturated perfluorocarbons
(PFCs).
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
§ 98.6
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Fluorinated GHG group means one of
the following sets of fluorinated GHGs:
Fully fluorinated GHGs; saturated
hydrofluorocarbons; partially segregated
saturated hydrofluoroethers and
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers; nonsegregated saturated hydrofluoroethers
and saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers;
unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs,
unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated ethers,
unsaturated halogenated esters,
fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated
ketones; fluorotelomer alcohols;
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine
bonds; or Other fluorinated GHGs.
*
*
*
*
*
Fluorotelomer alcohols means
fluorinated GHGs with the chemical
formula CnF2n+1CH2CH2OH.
*
*
*
*
*
Fully fluorinated GHGs means
fluorinated GHGs that contain only
single bonds and in which all available
valence locations are filled by fluorine
atoms. This includes but is not limited
to: saturated perfluorocarbons; SF6; NF3;
SF5CF3; fully fluorinated linear,
branched, and cyclic alkanes; fully
fluorinated ethers; fully fluorinated
tertiary amines; fully fluorinated
aminoethers; and perfluoropolyethers.
*
*
*
*
*
Global warming potential or GWP
means the ratio of the time-integrated
radiative forcing from the instantaneous
release of one kilogram of a trace
substance relative to that of one
kilogram of a reference gas, i.e., CO2.
GWPs for each greenhouse gas are
provided in Table A–1 of this subpart.
For purposes of the calculations in this
part, if the GHG has a chemical-specific
GWP listed in Table A–1, use that GWP.
Otherwise, use the default GWP
provided in Table A–1 for the
fluorinated GHG group of which the
GHG is a member.
*
*
*
*
*
Non-segregated saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers that
include fluorine substitutes on all alkyl
groups.
Non-segregated saturated
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means
saturated hydrofluoroethers that include
fluorine substitutes on all alkyl groups.
*
*
*
*
*
Other fluorinated GHGs means
fluorinated GHGs that are none of the
following: Fully fluorinated GHGs,
saturated hydrofluorocarbons, saturated
hydrofluoroethers, saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers, unsaturated
perfluorocarbons, unsaturated
hydrofluorocarbons, unsaturated
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, unsaturated
ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters,
fluorinated aldehydes, fluorinated
ketones, fluorotelomer alcohols, or
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine
bonds.
*
*
*
*
*
Partially segregated saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers that
contain at least one fully hydrogenated
alkyl group with no fluorine or chlorine
substitutes.
Partially segregated saturated
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means
saturated hydrofluoroethers that contain
at least one fully hydrogenated alkyl
group with no fluorine substitutes.
*
*
*
*
*
Saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers
(HCFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in
which two hydrocarbon groups are
linked by an oxygen atom; in which two
or more, but not all, of the hydrogen
atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have
been replaced by fluorine atoms and
chlorine atoms; and which contain only
single bonds.
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
means fluorinated GHGs that are
hydrofluorocarbons and that contain
only single bonds.
Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs)
means fluorinated GHGs in which two
hydrocarbon groups are linked by an
oxygen atom; in which one or more, but
not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the
hydrocarbon groups have been replaced
by fluorine atoms; and which contain
only single bonds.
*
*
*
*
*
Unsaturated ethers means fluorinated
GHGs in which two hydrocarbon groups
are linked by an oxygen atom; in which
one or more of the hydrogen atoms in
the hydrocarbon groups have been
replaced by fluorine atoms; and which
contain one or more bonds that are not
single bonds. Unsaturated ethers
include unsaturated HFEs.
Unsaturated
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
means fluorinated GHGs that contain
only carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and
hydrogen and that contain one or more
bonds that are not single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are
hydrofluorocarbons and that contain
one or more bonds that are not single
bonds.
Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
means fluorinated GHGs that are
perfluorocarbons and that contain one
or more bonds that are not single bonds.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 5. Table A–1 to Subpart A is revised
to read as follows:
TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS
[100-year time horizon]
Name
CAS No.
Chemical formula
Global warming
potential
(100 yr.)
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Chemical-Specific GWPs
Carbon dioxide ...........................................................
Methane .....................................................................
Nitrous oxide ..............................................................
124–38–9
74–82–8
10024–97–2
CO2 ...........................................................................
CH4 ............................................................................
N2O ...........................................................................
1
a25
a298
Fully Fluorinated GHGs
Sulfur hexafluoride .....................................................
Trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride .........................
Nitrogen trifluoride ......................................................
PFC-14 (Perfluoromethane) .......................................
PFC-116 (Perfluoroethane) ........................................
PFC-218 (Perfluoropropane) ......................................
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
PO 00000
2551–62–4
373–80–8
7783–54–2
75–73–0
76–16–4
76–19–7
Frm 00031
Fmt 4702
SF6 ............................................................................
SF5CF3 ......................................................................
NF3 ............................................................................
CF4 ............................................................................
C2F6 ...........................................................................
C3F8 ...........................................................................
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
a 22,800
17,700
17,200
a 7,390
a 12,200
a 8,830
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
44349
TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS—Continued
[100-year time horizon]
Name
CAS No.
Perfluorocyclopropane ...............................................
PFC-3-1-10 (Perfluorobutane) ...................................
PFC-318 (Perfluorocyclobutane) ................................
PFC-4-1-12 (Perfluoropentane) .................................
PFC-5-1-14 (Perfluorohexane, FC-72) ......................
PFC-9-1-18 .................................................................
PFC-6-1-12 .................................................................
PFC-7-1-18 .................................................................
PFPMIE (HT–70) ........................................................
Perfluorodecalin (cis) .................................................
Perfluorodecalin (trans) ..............................................
931–91–9
355–25–9
115–25–3
678–26–2
355–42–0
306–94–5
335–57–9
307–34–6
NA
60433–11–6
60433–12–7
Chemical formula
C-C3F6 .......................................................................
C4F10 .........................................................................
C-C4F8 .......................................................................
C5F12 .........................................................................
C6F14 .........................................................................
C10F18 ........................................................................
C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3 .................................................
C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3 .................................................
CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3 ....................................
Z-C10F18 ....................................................................
E-C10F18 ....................................................................
Global warming
potential
(100 yr.)
17,340
a 8,860
a 10,300
a 9,160
a 9,300
7,500
b 7,820
b 7,620
10,300
b 7,236
b 6,288
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
HFC-23 .......................................................................
HFC-32 .......................................................................
HFC-41 .......................................................................
HFC-125 .....................................................................
HFC-134 .....................................................................
HFC-134a ...................................................................
HFC-143 .....................................................................
HFC-143a ...................................................................
HFC-152 .....................................................................
HFC-152a ...................................................................
HFC-161 .....................................................................
HFC-227ca .................................................................
HFC-227ea .................................................................
HFC-236cb .................................................................
HFC-236ea .................................................................
HFC-236fa ..................................................................
HFC-245ca .................................................................
HFC-245cb .................................................................
HFC-245ea .................................................................
HFC-245eb .................................................................
HFC-245fa ..................................................................
HFC-263fb ..................................................................
HFC-272ca .................................................................
HFC-329p ...................................................................
HFC-365mfc ...............................................................
HFC-43-10mee ...........................................................
75–46–7
75–10–5
593–53–3
354–33–6
359–35–3
811–97–2
430–66–0
420–46–2
624–72–6
75–37–6
353–36–6
2252–84–8
431–89–0
677–56–5
431–63–0
690–39–1
679–86–7
1814–88–6
24270–66–4
431–31–2
460–73–1
421–07–8
420–45–1
375–17–7
406–58–6
138495–42–8
CHF3 .........................................................................
CH2F2 ........................................................................
CH3F .........................................................................
C2HF5 ........................................................................
C2H2F4 .......................................................................
CH2FCF3 ...................................................................
C2H3F3 .......................................................................
C2H3F3 .......................................................................
CH2FCH2F .................................................................
CH3CHF2 ...................................................................
CH3CH2F ...................................................................
CF3CF2CHF2 .............................................................
C3HF7 ........................................................................
CH2FCF2CF3 .............................................................
CHF2CHFCF3 ............................................................
C3H2F6 .......................................................................
C3H3F5 .......................................................................
CF3CF2CH3 ...............................................................
CHF2CHFCHF2 .........................................................
CH2FCHFCF3 ............................................................
CHF2CH2CF3 .............................................................
CH3CH2CF3 ...............................................................
CH3CF2CH3 ...............................................................
CHF2CF2CF2CF3 .......................................................
CH3CF2CH2CF3 .........................................................
CF3CFHCFHCF2CF3 .................................................
a 14,800
a 675
a 92
a 3,500
a 1,100
a 1,430
a 353
a 4,470
53
a 124
12
b 2640
a 3,220
1,340
1,370
a 9,810
a 693
b 4,620
b 235
b 290
1,030
b 76
b 144
b 2,360
794
a 1,640
Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs)
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
HFE-143a ...................................................................
HFE-245cb2 ...............................................................
HFE-254cb2 ...............................................................
HFE-263fb2 ................................................................
HFE-263m1; R-E-143a ..............................................
HFE-347mcc3 (HFE-7000) ........................................
HFE-347mmy1 ...........................................................
HFE-356mec3 ............................................................
HFE-356mm1 .............................................................
HFE-356pcc3 .............................................................
HFE-365mcf2 .............................................................
HFE-365mcf3 .............................................................
HFE-374pc2 ...............................................................
HFE-449s1 (HFE-7100) Chemical blend ...................
HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200) Chemical blend ..................
HG′-01 ........................................................................
HG′-02 ........................................................................
HG′-03 ........................................................................
Difluoro(methoxy)methane .........................................
2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane ..................
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane ................
2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5bis[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-furan.
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane ....................
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
PO 00000
421–14–7
22410–44–2
425–88–7
460–43–5
690–22–2
375–03–1
22052–84–2
382–34–3
13171–18–1
160620–20–2
22052–81–9
378–16–5
512–51–6
163702–07–6
163702–08–7
163702–05–4
163702–06–5
73287–23–7
485399–46–0
485399–48–2
359–15–9
425–87–6
22052–86–4
920979–28–8
CH3OCF3 ...................................................................
CH3OCF2CF3 ............................................................
CH3OCF2CHF2 ..........................................................
CF3CH2OCH3 ............................................................
CF3OCH2CH3 ............................................................
CH3OCF2CF2CF3 ......................................................
CH3OCF(CF3)2 ..........................................................
CH3OCF2CHFCF3 .....................................................
(CF3)2CHOCH3 ..........................................................
CH3OCF2CF2CHF2 ....................................................
CF3CF2OCH2CH3 ......................................................
CF3CF2CH2OCH3 ......................................................
CH3CH2OCF2CHF2 ...................................................
C4F9OCH3 .................................................................
(CF3)2CFCF2OCH3 ....................................................
C4F9OC2H5 ................................................................
(CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5 ..................................................
CH3OCF2CF2OCH3 ...................................................
CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3 ...............................................
CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3 ...............................................
CH3OCHF2 ................................................................
CH3OCF2CHFCl ........................................................
CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3 ................................................
C12H5F19O2 ................................................................
380–34–7
CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3 ..............................................
Frm 00032
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
756
708
359
11
b 29
575
343
101
27
110
b 58
11
557
297
59
b 222
b 236
b 221
b 144
b 122
b 61
b 56
b 23
44350
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS—Continued
[100-year time horizon]
Name
CAS No.
Fluoro(methoxy)methane ...........................................
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane;
Methyl
2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.
460–22–0
60598–17–6
Chemical formula
CH3OCH2F ................................................................
CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 ...................................................
Global warming
potential
(100 yr.)
b 13
b 0.5
Non-segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs)
HFE-125 .....................................................................
HFE-134 (HG-00) .......................................................
HFE-227ea .................................................................
HFE-236ca .................................................................
HFE-236ca12 (HG-10) ...............................................
HFE-236ea2 (Desflurane) ..........................................
HFE-236fa ..................................................................
HFE-245fa1 ................................................................
HFE-245fa2 ................................................................
HFE-329mcc2 ............................................................
HFE-329me3 ..............................................................
HFE-338mcf2 .............................................................
HFE-338mmz1 ...........................................................
HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01) .............................................
HFE-347mcf2 .............................................................
HFE-347mmz1 (Sevoflurane) ....................................
HFE-347pcf2 ..............................................................
HFE-356mff2 ..............................................................
HFE-356pcf2 ..............................................................
HFE-356pcf3 ..............................................................
HFE-43-10pccc (H-Galden 1040x, HG-11) ................
HCFE-235ca2 (Enflurane) ..........................................
HCFE-235da2 (Isoflurane) .........................................
HG-02 .........................................................................
HG-03 .........................................................................
HG-20 .........................................................................
HG-21 .........................................................................
HG-30 .........................................................................
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane.
1,1′-Oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12-hexadecafluoro2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,15eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxapentadecane.
1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane ................
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)ethane .............
Trifluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane ...............................
Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane ................................
Fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane ..................................
3822–68–2
1691–17–4
2356–62–9
32778–11–3
78522–47–1
57041–67–5
20193–67–3
84011–15–4
1885–48–9
134769–21–4
428454–68–6
156053–88–2
26103–08–2
188690–78–0
171182–95–9
28523–86–6
406–78–0
333–36–8
50807–77–7
35042–99–0
E1730133
13838–16–9
26675–46–7
205367–61–9
173350–37–3
249932–25–0
249932–26–1
188690–77–9
3330–15–2
CHF2OCF3 ................................................................
CHF2OCHF2 ..............................................................
CF3CHFOCF3 ............................................................
CHF2OCF2CHF2 ........................................................
CHF2OCF2OCHF2 .....................................................
CHF2OCHFCF3 .........................................................
CF3CH2OCF3 ............................................................
CHF2CH2OCF3 ..........................................................
CHF2OCH2CF3 ..........................................................
CF3CF2OCF2CHF2 ....................................................
CF3CFHCF2OCF3 .....................................................
CF3CF2OCH2CF3 ......................................................
CHF2OCH(CF3)2 .......................................................
CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2 ...............................................
CF3CF2OCH2CHF2 ....................................................
(CF3)2CHOCHF2 .......................................................
CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 ....................................................
CF3CH2OCH2CF3 ......................................................
CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2 .................................................
CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2 .................................................
CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2 ..........................................
CHF2OCF2CHFC1 .....................................................
CHF2OCHClCF3 ........................................................
HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H ........................................
HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3- OCF2H .......................................
HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H ...............................................
HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O-CF2H ..........................
HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H ...............................................
CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 ...............................................
14,900
6,320
1,540
b 4,240
2,800
989
487
286
659
919
b 4,550
552
380
1,500
374
c 216
580
b 17
265
502
1,870
b 583
350
b 2,730
b 2,850
b 5,300
b 3,890
b 7,330
b 6,490
205367-61–9
HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H ...........................................
b 4,920
173350–37–3
HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3 CF2H ..........................................
b 4,490
173350–38–4
HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H ...........................................
b 3,630
84011–06–3
37031-31–5
2261–01–0
461–63–2
462–51–1
CHF2CHFOCF3 .........................................................
CH2FOCF2CF2H ........................................................
CH2FOCF3 ................................................................
CH2FOCHF2 ..............................................................
CH2FOCH2F ..............................................................
b 1,240
b 871
b 751
b 617
b 130
Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
PFC-1114; TFE ..........................................................
PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP ............................................
PFC C-1418 ...............................................................
Perfluorobut-2-ene .....................................................
Perfluorobut-1-ene .....................................................
Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene ..............................................
116–14–3
116–15–4
559–40–0
360–89–4
357–26–6
685–63–2
CF2=CF2; C2F4 ..........................................................
C3F6; CF3CF=CF2 .....................................................
c-C5F8 ........................................................................
CF3CF=CFCF3 ..........................................................
CF3CF2CF=CF2 .........................................................
CF2=CFCF=CF2 ........................................................
b 0.04
b 0.05
b 1.97
b 1.82
b 0.10
b 0.03
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
HFC-1132a; VF2 ........................................................
HFC-1141; VF ............................................................
(E)-HFC-1225ye .........................................................
(Z)-HFC-1225ye .........................................................
Solstice 1233zd(E) .....................................................
HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf ..........................................
HFC-1234ze(E) ..........................................................
HFC-1234ze(Z) ..........................................................
HFC-1243zf; TFP .......................................................
(Z)-HFC-1336 .............................................................
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
PO 00000
75–38–7
75–02–5
5595–10–8
5528–43–8
102687–65–0
754–12–1
1645–83–6
29118–25–0
677–21–4
692–49–9
Frm 00033
Fmt 4702
C2H2F2, CF2=CH2 .....................................................
C2H3F, CH2=CHF ......................................................
CF3CF=CHF(E) .........................................................
CF3CF=CHF(Z) .........................................................
C3H2ClF3; CHCl=CHCF3 ...........................................
C3H2F4; CF3CF=CH2 .................................................
C3H2F4; cis-CF3CH=CHF .......................................
C3H2F4; trans-CF3CH=CHF; CF3CH=CHF(Z) ...........
C3H3F3, CF3CH=CH2 ................................................
CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) .....................................................
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
b 0.04
b 0.02
b 0.06
b 0.22
b 1.34
b 0.31
b 0.97
b 0.29
b 0.12
b 1.58
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
44351
TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS—Continued
[100-year time horizon]
Name
CAS No.
HFO-1345zfc ..............................................................
Capstone 42-U ...........................................................
Capstone 62-U ...........................................................
Capstone 82-U ...........................................................
374–27–6
19430–93–4
25291–17–2
21652–58–4
Chemical formula
C2F5CH=CH2 .............................................................
C6H3F9, CF3(CF2)3CH=CH2 ......................................
C8H3F13, CF3(CF2)5CH=CH2 .....................................
C10H3F17, CF3(CF2)7CH=CH2 ...................................
Global warming
potential
(100 yr.)
b 0.09
b 0.16
b 0.11
b 0.09
Unsaturated halogenated ethers
PMVE; HFE-216 .........................................................
Fluoroxene .................................................................
1187–93–5
406–90–6
CF3OCF=CF2 ............................................................
CF3CH2OCH=CH2 .....................................................
b 0.17
b 0.05
Fluorinated aldehydes
3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal ..............................................
460–40–2
CF3CH2CHO .............................................................
b 0.01
Fluorinated ketones
Novec 1230 (perfluoro (2-methyl-3-pentanone)) .......
756–13–8
CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2 .............................................
b 0.1
Fluorotelomer alcohols
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1-ol ...........
3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol ...........................................
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Pentadecafluorononan1-ol.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol.
185689–57–0
2240–88–2
755-02–2
CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH ...............................................
CF3CH2CH2OH .........................................................
CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH ...............................................
b 0.43
b 0.33
87017–97–8
CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH ...............................................
b 0.19
b 0.35
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s)
Trifluoroiodomethane .................................................
2314–97–8
CF3I ...........................................................................
b 0.4
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
Other fluorinated compounds
Trifluoromethyl formate ..............................................
Perfluoroethyl formate ................................................
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate .................................
Perfluorobutyl formate ................................................
Perfluoropropyl formate ..............................................
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate ................
Dibromodifluoromethane (Halon 1202) ......................
Bis(trifluoromethyl)-methanol .....................................
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol .............................
Methyl carbonofluoridate ............................................
(Octafluorotetramethy-lene) hydroxymethyl group .....
Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate .......................................
2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol ....................................
2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (Halon-2311/
Halothane).
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol ...........................
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate ........................................
1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate .......................
Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ..........................
1,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate ............................
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol .................................................
2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropan-1-ol ...............................
2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol ................................
3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate ......................................
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol ...........................
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol ...................................
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ...................
Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate ..........................................
2,2-Difluoroethanol .....................................................
Perfluoroethyl acetate ................................................
Trifluoromethyl acetate ...............................................
Perfluoropropyl acetate ..............................................
Perfluorobutyl acetate ................................................
Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate .........................................
2-Fluoroethanol ..........................................................
4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol .............................................
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
PO 00000
85358–65–2
313064–40–3
481631–19–0
197218–56–7
271257–42–2
856766–70–6
75–61–6
920–66–1
920–66–1
1538–06–3
NA
431–47–0
422–05–9
151–67–7
HCOOCF3 .................................................................
HCOOCF2CF3 ...........................................................
HCOOCHFCF3 ..........................................................
HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 ...............................................
HCOOCF2CF2CF3 .....................................................
HCOOCH(CF3)2 ........................................................
CBR2F2 ......................................................................
(CF3)2CHOH ..............................................................
(CF3)2CHOH ..............................................................
FCOOCH3 .................................................................
X-(CF2)4CH(OH)-X ....................................................
CF3COOCH3 .............................................................
CF3CF2CH2OH ..........................................................
CHBrClCF3 ................................................................
375–01–9
32042–38–9
1344118–13–3
2024–86–4
1344118–11–1
75–89–8
422–05–9
382–31–0
1344118–09–7
375–01–9
76–37–9
407–38–5
433–53–4
359–13–7
343269–97–6
74123–20–9
1344118–10–0
209597–28–4
383–63–1
371–62–0
461–18–7
C3F7CH2OH ..............................................................
HCOOCH2CF3 ...........................................................
CF3COOCF2CH3 .......................................................
CF3COOCHF2 ...........................................................
FCOOCF2CH3 ...........................................................
CF3CH2OH ................................................................
CF3CF2CH2OH ..........................................................
CF3CHFCF2CH2OH ..................................................
HCOOCH2CH2CF3 ....................................................
CF3CF2CF2CH2OH ....................................................
CHF2CF2CH2OH .......................................................
CF3COOCH2CF3 .......................................................
HCF2COOCH3 ...........................................................
CHF2CH2OH .............................................................
CH3COOCF2CF3 .......................................................
CH3COOCF3 .............................................................
CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 .................................................
CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 ...........................................
CF3COOCH2CH3 .......................................................
CH2FCH2OH .............................................................
CF3(CH2)2CH2OH ......................................................
Frm 00034
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
b 588
b 580
b 470
b 392
b 376
b 333
b 231
195
b 182
b 95
73
b 52
42
b 41
b 34
b 33
b 31
b 27
b 27
b 20
b 19
b 17
b 17
b 16
b 13
b7
b3
b3
b 2.1
b 2.0
b 1.8
b 1.6
b 1.3
b 1.1
b 0.05
44352
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules
DEFAULT GWPS FOR COMPOUNDS FOR WHICH CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS ARE NOT LISTED ABOVE
Global warming
potential
(100 yr.)
Fluorinated GHG group d
Fully fluorinated GHGs ..................................................................................................................................................................
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ...........................................................................................................................................
Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) ................................................
Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs ...............................................................................................................................
Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), unsaturated halogenated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones .......................................
Fluorotelomer alcohols ..................................................................................................................................................................
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s) ..............................................................................................................................
Other fluorinated GHGs .................................................................................................................................................................
10,000
2,200
200
2,400
1
1
1
110
a The
GWP for this compound is different than the GWP in the version of Table A–1 to subpart A of Part 98 published on October 30, 2009.
compound was added to Table A–1 for reporting year 2014 and subsequent reporting years.
c The GWP for this compound was updated for reporting year 2014 and subsequent reporting years.
d For electronics manufacturing (as defined in § 98.90), the term ‘‘fluorinated GHGs’’ in the definition of each fluorinated GHG group in § 98.6
shall include fluorinated heat transfer fluids (as defined in § 98.98), whether or not they are also fluorinated GHGs.
b This
Subpart I—Electronics Manufacturing
6. Section 98.93 is amended by
revising paragraph (i)(2) introductory
paragraph to read as follows:
■
§ 98.93
Calculating GHG emissions.
*
*
*
*
*
(i) * * *
(2) Method selection for stack systems
in the fab. If the calculations under
paragraph (i)(1) of this section, as well
as any subsequent annual measurements
and calculations under this subpart,
indicate that the stack system meets the
criteria in paragraph (i)(2)(i) through
(iii) of this section, then you may
comply with either paragraph (i)(3) of
this section (stack test method) or
paragraph (i)(4) of this section (method
to estimate emissions from the stack
systems that are not tested). If the stack
system does not meet all three criteria
in paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through (iii) of
this section, then you must comply with
the stack test method specified in
paragraph (i)(3) of this section.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 7. Section 98.94 is amended by:
■ a. Removing paragraph (j)(5)(ii)(C);
and
■ b. Revising paragraph (j)(8)(i).
The revision reads as follows:
§ 98.94 Monitoring and QA/QC
requirements.
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
*
*
*
*
*
(j) * * *
(8) * * *
(i) Annual consumption of a
fluorinated GHG used during the most
recent emissions test (expressed in
CO2e) changes by more than 10 percent
of the total annual fluorinated GHG
consumption, relative to gas
consumption in CO2e for that gas during
the year of the most recent emissions
test (for example, if the use of a single
gas goes from 25 percent of CO2e to
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:55 Jul 30, 2014
Jkt 232001
greater than 35 percent of CO2e, this
change would trigger a re-test).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Section 98.96 is amended by:
■ a. Revising the parameter ‘‘GWPi’’ of
Equation I–26 in introductory paragraph
(r);
■ b. Revising the parameters ‘‘GWPi’’
and ‘‘GWPk’’ of Equation I–27 in
paragraph (r)(1);
■ c. Revising the parameters ‘‘GWPi’’
and ‘‘GWPk’’ of Equation I–28 in
paragraph (r)(2); and
■ d. Revising paragraph (x).
The revisions read as follows:
§ 98.96
Data reporting requirements.
*
*
*
*
*
(r) * * *
*
*
*
*
*
GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated
GHG i from Table A–1 of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(1) * * *
*
*
*
*
*
GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated
GHG i from Table A–1 of this part.
GWPk = GWP of emitted fluorinated
GHG by-product k, from Table A–1 of
this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(2) * * *
*
*
*
*
*
GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated
GHG i from Table A–1 of this part.
GWPk = GWP of emitted fluorinated
GHG by-product k, from Table A–1 of
this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(x) If the emissions you report under
paragraph (c) of this section include
emissions from research and
development activities, as defined in
§ 98.6, report the approximate
percentage of total GHG emissions, on a
metric ton CO2e basis, that are
attributable to research and
development activities, using the
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
following ranges: less than 5 percent, 5
percent to less than 10 percent, 10
percent to less than 25 percent, 25
percent to less than 50 percent, 50
percent and higher.
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 2014–17963 Filed 7–30–14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION
47 CFR Part 54
[WC Docket Nos. 10–90, 14–58; FCC 14–
98]
Connect America Fund; ETC Annual
Reports and Certifications
Federal Communications
Commission.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
In this document, the Federal
Communications Commission
(Commission) seeks comment on how
best to maximize the reach of our
existing Connect America budget and
leverage non-Federal funding to extend
broadband to as many households as
possible when the Commission
implements Phase II. Specifically, the
Commission seeks comment regarding
measures the Commission could take in
the Phase II competitive bidding process
to create incentives for state and other
governmental entities to contribute
funding to support the extension of
broadband-capable networks.
DATES: Comments are due on or before
September 2, 2014 and reply comments
are due on or before September 15,
2014. If you anticipate that you will be
submitting comments, but find it
difficult to do so within the period of
time allowed by this document, you
should advise the contact listed below
as soon as possible.
SUMMARY:
E:\FR\FM\31JYP1.SGM
31JYP1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 147 (Thursday, July 31, 2014)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 44332-44352]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-17963]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 98
[EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0927; FRL-9913-03-OAR]
RIN 2060-AS28
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program: Addition of Global Warming
Potentials
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to add
chemical-specific and default global warming potentials (GWPs) for a
number of fluorinated greenhouse gases (GHGs) and fluorinated heat
transfer fluids (HTFs) to the general provisions of the Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Rule. Currently, these fluorinated GHGs and HTFs are not
assigned GWPs under the rule. The proposed changes would increase the
completeness and accuracy of the carbon dioxide (CO2)-
equivalent emissions calculated and reported by suppliers and emitters
of fluorinated GHGs and HTFs. In addition, the EPA is proposing
conforming changes to the provisions for the Electronics Manufacturing
and Fluorinated Gas Production source categories.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before September 2, 2014, unless
a hearing is requested. If a hearing is requested, comments must be
received on or before September 15, 2014.
Public Hearing. The EPA does not plan to conduct a public hearing
unless requested. To request a hearing, please contact the person
listed in the following FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section by
August 7, 2014. Upon such request, the EPA will hold the hearing on
August 15, 2014, in the Washington, DC area. The EPA will provide
further information about the hearing on the Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Program Web site, https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html if a hearing is requested.
ADDRESSES: You may submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0927, by any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments.
Email: A-and-R-Docket@epa.gov. Include Docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OAR-2009-0927 in the subject line of the message.
Fax: (202) 566-9744.
Mail: Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center
(EPA/DC), Mailcode 28221T, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-
0927, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Hand/Courier Delivery: EPA Docket Center, Room 3334, EPA
WJC West Building, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004.
Such deliveries are accepted only during the Docket's normal hours of
operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of
boxed information.
Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2009-0927, Addition of Global Warming Potentials. The EPA's policy is
that all comments received will be included in the public docket
without change and may be made available online at https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided,
unless the comment includes information claimed to be confidential
business information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Should you choose to submit information that you
claim to be CBI in response to this notice, clearly mark the part or
all of the comments that you claim to be CBI. For information that you
claim to be CBI in a disk or CD-ROM that you mail to the EPA, mark the
outside of the disk or CD-ROM as CBI and then identify electronically
within the disk or CD-ROM the specific information that is claimed as
CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes
information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain
the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the
public docket. Information marked as CBI will not be disclosed except
in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. Send or
deliver information claimed as CBI to only the mail or hand/courier
delivery address listed above, attention: Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2009-0927.
If you have any questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming
CBI, please consult the person identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section. Do not submit information that
[[Page 44333]]
you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through https://www.regulations.gov or email. The https://www.regulations.gov Web site
is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means the EPA will not know
your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body
of your comment. If you send an email comment directly to the EPA
without going through https://www.regulations.gov, your email address
will be automatically captured and included as part of the comment that
is placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If
you submit an electronic comment, the EPA recommends that you include
your name and other contact information in the body of your comment and
with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If the EPA cannot read your comment
due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification,
the EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files
should be free of special characters, any form of encryption, and any
defects or viruses.
Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the https://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available (e.g., CBI or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute). Certain other material,
such as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard
copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either
electronically in https://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Air
Docket, EPA/DC, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave.
NW., Washington, DC. This Docket Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to
4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The
telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the
telephone number for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carole Cook, Climate Change Division,
Office of Atmospheric Programs (MC-6207J), Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone
number: (202) 343-9263; fax number: (202) 343-2342; email address:
GHGReporting@epa.gov. For technical information, please go to the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Program Web site at https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html. To submit a question,
select Rule Help Center, followed by Contact Us. To obtain information
about the public hearing or to register to speak at the hearing, please
go to https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html.
Alternatively, contact Carole Cook at (202) 343-9263.
Worldwide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of this proposal will also be available through the
WWW. Following the Administrator's signature, a copy of this action
will be posted on the EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Web site
at https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulated Entities. The Administrator
determined that this action is subject to the provisions of Clean Air
Act (CAA) section 307(d). See CAA section 307(d)(1)(V) (the provisions
of section 307(d) apply to ``such other actions as the Administrator
may determine''). These are proposed amendments to existing
regulations. If finalized, these amended regulations would affect
emitters and suppliers of fluorinated greenhouse gases (GHGs).
Regulated categories and examples of affected entities include those
listed in Table 1 of this preamble:
Table 1--Examples of Affected Entities by Category
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category NAICS Examples of affected facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electrical Equipment Use................... 221121 Electric bulk power transmission and control
facilities.
Electrical Equipment Manufacture or 33531 Power transmission and distribution switchgear and
Refurbishment. specialty transformers manufacturing facilities.
Electronics Manufacturing.................. 334111 Microcomputers manufacturing facilities.
334413 Semiconductor, photovoltaic (solid-state) device
manufacturing facilities.
334419 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) unit screens
manufacturing facilities.
334419 Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing
facilities.
Fluorinated Gas Production................. 325120 Industrial gases manufacturing facilities.
Importers and Exporters of Pre-charged 423730 Air-conditioning equipment (except room units)
Equipment and Closed-Cell Foams. merchant wholesalers.
333415 Air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle)
manufacturing.
336391 Motor vehicle air-conditioning manufacturing.
423620 Air-conditioners, room, merchant wholesalers.
443111 Household appliance stores.
423730 Automotive air-conditioners merchant wholesalers.
326150 Polyurethane foam products manufacturing.
335313 Circuit breakers, power, manufacturing.
423610 Circuit breakers merchant wholesalers.
Magnesium Production....................... 331419 Primary refiners of nonferrous metals by electrolytic
methods.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1 of this preamble is not intended to be exhaustive, but
rather lists the types of facilities that the EPA is now aware could be
potentially affected by the reporting requirements. Other types of
facilities not listed in the table could also be subject to reporting
requirements. To determine whether you are affected by this action, you
should carefully examine the applicability criteria found in 40 CFR
part 98, subpart A or the relevant criteria in subparts I, L, T, DD,
SS, OO, and QQ. If you have questions regarding the applicability of
this action to a particular facility, consult the person listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Acronyms and Abbreviations. The following acronyms and
abbreviations are used in this document.
AR4 Fourth Assessment Report
AR5 Fifth Assessment Report
BAMM Best available monitoring methods
CAA Clean Air Act
CBI Confidential business information
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e CO2-equivalent
e-GGRT Electronic Greenhouse Gas Reporting Tool
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
[[Page 44334]]
FLIGHT Facility Level Information on Greenhouse Gases Tool
FR Federal Register
GHG Greenhouse gas
GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
GWP Global warming potential
HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCFE Hydrochlorofluoroether
HFC Hydrofluorocarbon
HFE Hydrofluoroether
HTF heat transfer fluid
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
LCD Liquid crystal display
MEMS Micro-electro-mechanical systems
MtCO2e Metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent
N2O Nitrous oxide
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NF3 Nitrogen trifluoride
NODA Notice of data availability
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OMB Office of Management and Budget
PFC Perfluorocarbon
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
RY Reporting year
SAR Second Assessment Report
SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride
SIP State implementation plan
PSD Prevention of significant deterioration
UMRA Mandates Reform Act of 1995
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
WWW Worldwide Web
Table of Contents
I. Background
A. How is this preamble organized?
B. Background on the GHG Reporting Rule
C. Legal Authority
D. When would these amendments apply?
II. Proposed Amendments
A. Summary of Proposed Amendments
B. Background on GHGRP GWPs
C. Today's Proposed Rule
D. Relationship Between This Proposed Rule and Proposed
Amendments to Subpart L
E. Relationship Between This Proposed Rule and Default GWP in
Subpart I
F. Calculation of Differences and Changes in CO2e
Quantities Under Subpart I and Subpart L
G. Relationship Between This Proposed Rule and Permitting
Requirements
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With
Indian Tribal Governments
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
I. Background
A. How is this preamble organized?
The first section of this preamble contains background information
regarding the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) and information
on when the amendments would become effective if finalized. This
section also discusses the EPA's use of our legal authority under the
Clean Air Act (CAA) to collect data under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting
Rule at 40 CFR part 98, hereinafter referred to as the ``GHG Reporting
Rule'' or ``Part 98.''
The second section of this preamble describes in detail the changes
that we are proposing, presents the EPA's rationale for the proposed
changes, and identifies issues on which the EPA is particularly
interested in receiving public comments.
Finally, the third section of the preamble discusses the various
statutory and executive order requirements applicable to this proposed
rulemaking.
B. Background on the GHG Reporting Rule
The GHG Reporting Rule was published in the Federal Register on
October 30, 2009 (74 FR 56260). Part 98 became effective on December
29, 2009, and requires reporting of GHGs from certain facilities and
suppliers. The October 30, 2009 final rule established reporting
requirements for 28 categories of GHG emitters and suppliers, including
Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases (including producers,
importers, and exporters of fluorinated GHGs), subpart OO. A notice
finalizing reporting requirements for Magnesium Production, subpart T,
was published on July 12, 2010 (75 FR 39736). A notice finalizing
reporting requirements for the following categories was published on
December 1, 2010 (75 FR 74774): Electronics Manufacturing, subpart I;
Fluorinated Gas Production, subpart L; Electrical Transmission and
Distribution Equipment Use, subpart DD; Importers and Exporters of
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Contained in Pre-Charged Equipment or
Closed-Cell Foams, subpart QQ; and Electrical Equipment Manufacture or
Refurbishment, subpart SS.
C. Legal Authority
The EPA is proposing these rule amendments under its existing CAA
authority provided in CAA section 114. As stated in the preamble to the
2009 final rule (74 FR 56260), CAA section 114 provides the EPA broad
authority to require the information addressed in this proposed rule
because such data would inform and are relevant to the EPA's carrying
out a wide variety of CAA provisions.
D. When would these amendments apply?
The EPA anticipates publishing a final rule based on this proposal
in time for the final rule to be effective for the reporting of data
gathered in 2014 (i.e., Reporting Year 2014), which must be reported to
the EPA by March 31, 2015.
II. Proposed Amendments
A. Summary of Proposed Amendments
The EPA is proposing to amend Table A-1 to subpart A of 40 CFR part
98 (Table A-1), the compendium of GWPs used to calculate carbon-dioxide
equivalents (CO2e) under the GHGRP, to add chemical-specific
GWPs for 103 fluorinated GHGs. The proposed chemical-specific GWPs are
primarily drawn from the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) published by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2013, which is
discussed further in Section II.B. of this preamble.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D.
Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels,
Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The EPA is also proposing to amend Table A-1 to add default GWPs
for fluorinated GHGs and fluorinated HTFs for which peer-reviewed GWPs
are not available. These default GWPs would be calculated and assigned
based on fluorinated GHG group and would be based on the chemical-
specific GWPs for the compounds in Table A-1 as it would be amended
under today's proposal.
In addition, as discussed further in sections II.D. and II.E. of
this preamble, we are proposing conforming changes to subparts I and L,
which include their own default GWPs for purposes of certain
CO2e calculations.
This amendment would generally not affect the GWPs of the GHGs
currently included in Table A-1.\2\ As discussed further in Section
III.B of this preamble, we do not anticipate that finalizing the GWPs
proposed in this action would
[[Page 44335]]
expand the set of facilities required to report under the Greenhouse
Gas Reporting Rule. However, to allow for the possibility that some
facilities or suppliers could become newly subject to one or more
subparts of part 98 due to the addition of the GWPs, we are proposing
special provisions for these facilities regarding the timing of
reporting and the use of best available monitoring methods (BAMM).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ The sole exception is the GWP for sevoflurane, which is
proposed to be amended here because a GWP for this chemical is
available in AR5 but was not included in previous IPCC Assessment
Reports.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Except in the case of subpart L, which is discussed in Section
II.D. of this preamble, reporters would not be required to resubmit
their CO2e emissions for prior years. Instead, for
facilities affected by this rulemaking, we would recalculate
CO2e emissions for Reporting Years (RY) 2010-2013 and
publish them in our Facility Level Information on Greenhouse Gases Tool
(FLIGHT) using the most recent and comprehensive GWPs in Table A-1.
This is the same approach that we finalized in the final rule entitled
``2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule and Final
Confidentiality Determinations for New or Substantially Revised Data
Elements'' (78 FR 71904, November 29, 2013; hereinafter referred to as
``final 2013 Revisions Rule''), except that this recalculation would
occur in 2015 rather than 2014.
B. Background on GHGRP GWPs
Table A-1 is a compendium of GWP values of certain GHGs that are
required to be reported under one or more subparts of the Greenhouse
Gas Reporting Rule. These GWPs are used to convert tons of chemical
into tons of CO2-equivalent (CO2e) for purposes
of various calculations and reporting under the rule. As indicated in
the Federal Register notice for the final Part 98 (74 FR 56348), it is
the EPA's intent to periodically update Table A-1 as GWPs are evaluated
or reevaluated by the scientific community. This will provide a more
accurate and complete account of the atmospheric impacts of GHG
emissions and supplies.
GWPs that have been newly evaluated or reevaluated in the peer-
reviewed scientific literature are periodically consolidated and
published by the IPCC. The initial Table A-1 finalized in the 2009
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule included GWP values from the Second
Assessment Report (SAR) and, for gases that were not included in SAR,
from the Fourth Assessment Report \3\ (hereinafter referred to as
``IPCC AR4'' or ``AR4''). (In addition, Table A-1 included a GWP for
one fluorinated GHG that had been published in the peer-reviewed
literature but not an IPCC report, the GWP for sevoflurane.) \4\ The
IPCC recently published AR5, which contains GWPs for a number of
fluorinated GHGs that were not included in either SAR or AR4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. Climate Change
2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to
the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A.
(eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104 pp.
\4\ Langbein, T., H. Sonntag, D. Trapp, A. Hoffmann, W. Malms,
E.-P. R[ouml]th, V. M[ouml]rs and R. Zellner (1999). ``Volatile
anaesthetics and the atmosphere: atmospheric lifetimes and
atmospheric effects of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane
and sevoflurane.'' British Journal of Anaesthetics 82 (1): 66-73,
discussed in the Technical Support Document for Industrial Gas
Supply: Production, Transformation, and Destruction of Fluorinated
GHGs and N2O, Office of Air and Radiation, USEPA,
February 6, 2009.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The scope of the fluorinated compounds reported under the GHGRP is
established by the definition of ``fluorinated GHG'' at 40 CFR 98.6
(and, for subpart I, ``fluorinated HTF'' at 40 CFR 98.98), rather than
by inclusion in Table A-1. The EPA therefore receives reports of
emissions and supplies for a number of fluorinated compounds that have
not had GWPs included in Table A-1.\5\ At present, these supplies, and
a large fraction of these emissions, are assigned a GWP of zero for
purposes of GHGRP calculations and reporting, including threshold
determinations.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Such reports have been received under subparts I, L, OO, and
QQ.
\6\ For most subparts, including subparts I, OO, and QQ,
reporters are required to report CO2e only for
fluorinated GHGs listed in Table A-1. Subpart I includes a default
GWP of 2,000 for purposes of various calculations (but not
reporting) as discussed in section II.E. of this preamble. Subpart L
includes default GWPs of 2,000 and 10,000 for purposes of both
calculations and reporting. Under the amendments to subpart L
discussed below, these two default GWPs would be replaced by five
default GWPs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Recent Actions Related to GHGRP GWPs
The EPA has recently undertaken several efforts to improve the
quality and completeness of the GWPs used to calculate and report
emissions under the GHGRP. On November 29, 2013, we published the final
2013 Revisions Rule. That rule amended Table A-1 to update the GWPs for
GHGs included in AR4 to the AR4 values. The revisions improved the
quality of reported CO2e emissions and supply by reflecting
improved scientific understanding (since the publication of SAR) of the
radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetimes of the GHGs that have GWPs
in AR4. In addition, for those GHGs, the revisions ensured
comparability of data collected in the GHGRP to the Inventory of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks that the EPA compiles annually to
meet international commitments under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries that submit GHG
inventories under the UNFCCC have decided to use AR4 GWPs for the GHGs
that have AR4 GWPs, beginning with the inventories submitted in
2015.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ As discussed in the notices for the proposed and final 2013
Revisions Rule, the IPCC publishes Scientific Assessment Reports,
including updated and expanded sets of GWPs, approximately every six
years. The countries that submit annual GHG inventories under the
UNFCCC update the GWPs that they use for those inventories less
frequently. For example, the GWPs from the IPCC SAR have been used
for UNFCCC reporting for over a decade.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule, we proposed to adopt GWPs for
26 additional fluorinated GHGs not included in Table A-1 or AR4. The
EPA received comments on the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule stating that
we should not include GWPs in Table A-1 for compounds that are not
included in an IPCC report or peer reviewed. We did not include these
GWPs in the final 2013 Revisions Rule because we agreed with commenters
that we needed additional time to evaluate our approach to assigning
GWPs for compounds not included in AR4. In the preamble to the final
rule, we noted that we might address these compounds in a separate
future action.
On April 5, 2013, we published a Notice of Data Availability (NODA)
(78 FR 20632) regarding another 43 fluorinated GHGs and HTFs whose GWPs
were not included in Table A-1.\8\ The NODA announced to the public the
following: (1) The availability of estimated GWPs for eight of these
compounds, as well as data and analysis submitted in support of these
values, and (2) the availability of approximate GWPs and/or chemical
structure information for another 35 compounds, for whose GWPs we did
not possess supporting data and analysis. We requested and received
comment on this information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ We had not included these compounds in the proposed 2013
Revisions Rule because documentation for GWPs for these compounds
was limited at the time that the proposal was being prepared. We
subsequently received more documentation from the compounds'
manufacturers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On November 18, 2013, we proposed amendments to subpart L,
Fluorinated Gas Production, that included an amendment to establish
within subpart L a new set of default GWPs by fluorinated GHG group for
the emissions calculated and reported under that subpart (78 FR 69337;
hereinafter referred to as ``proposed amendments to subpart L''). The
proposed set of five default GWPs would replace the current
[[Page 44336]]
set of two default GWPs in subpart L that are applied to fluorinated
GHGs that are not included in Table A-1, which would increase the
precision and accuracy of calculated CO2e emissions. We
requested and received comments on the proposed fluorinated GHG groups
and associated default GWPs included in the proposed amendments to
subpart L.
2. Summary of Comments Related to Addition of GWPs
The EPA received five comments on the NODA and five comments on the
proposed 2013 Revisions Rule that were related to the proposed addition
of the GWPs for 26 fluorinated GHGs. A detailed summary of and response
to all comments received on the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule is
provided in the docket for that final rule (EPA-HQ-OAR-2012-0934). We
are presenting an overview here because some of those comments have
also informed the approach we are proposing under this rule for
establishing chemical-specific and default GWPs for additional
fluorinated GHGs in Table A-1. We also received three comments on the
proposed amendments to subpart L that were related to the proposed
addition of GWPs to Table A-1. We discuss those comments in this notice
to the extent relevant to the approach we are proposing in this action.
Several commenters on the actions noted above supported adding GWPs
to Table A-1 for the compounds included in the proposed 2013 Revisions
Rule and NODA. Commenters stated that to characterize emissions and
trends effectively, it is important for the EPA to use the most recent
and accurate GWP values available. Other commenters stated that the EPA
should add new GWPs to Table A-1 only after these GWPs have been
included in an IPCC Scientific Assessment Report. They argued that GWPs
that have been published in IPCC reports are less likely to change over
time, and are likely to change less significantly, than GWPs that have
been derived through ``a less rigorous scientific process.''
C. Today's Proposed Rule
1. General Approach To Addition of GWPs to Table A-1
As noted in the final 2013 Revisions Rule, the EPA intends to weigh
multiple considerations in updating the set of GWPs used under the
GHGRP. These include the accuracy of the GWPs, the consistency of those
GWPs with the GWPs used in other national and international programs,
the predictability and stability of the GWPs, the source of the GWPs,
and the impacts of those GWPs on other regulatory programs. We are
weighing these considerations for this proposed rule as we did in
developing the final 2013 Revisions Rule. However, there is an
important difference between the two rules. In the final 2013 Revisions
Rule, we weighed these considerations primarily in the context of
updating the GWPs for GHGs that were already listed in Table A-1. In
this proposed rule, we are weighing these considerations in the context
of proposing to add GWPs for GHGs that are not presently included in
Table A-1. For such GHGs, the improvement in accuracy associated with
listing a GWP in Table A-1 is likely to be large, because the
alternative is generally to continue to assign these GHGs a GWP of zero
for purposes of the calculations and reporting under the GHGRP.
Moreover, such GHGs are not included in AR4; thus, using GWPs from
other sources does not introduce inconsistencies for purposes of UNFCCC
reporting.
The EPA is proposing to add chemical-specific and default GWPs to
Table A-1 to balance and carry out the goals listed above as
efficiently and effectively as possible. For the chemical-specific GWPs
that would be added to Table A-1, we are proposing to rely on AR5 and,
in one case, on AR4. For the default GWPs, we are proposing to rely on
GWPs from AR5 and AR4, supplemented by consideration of atmospheric
lifetimes and radiative efficiencies from the peer-reviewed literature.
a. General Approach to Chemical-Specific GWPs
For the fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs listed in AR4, but
that do have GWPs listed in AR5, we are proposing through this action
to adopt the chemical-specific GWPs in AR5. This approach would ensure
that, for this set of GHGs, the GWPs used by the GHGRP would be
consistent with the most recent international scientific consensus. As
discussed above, in the final 2013 Revisions Rule, we adopted AR4 GWPs
for the GHGs that were included in AR4. We noted that where reporting
under the UNFCCC is linked to an older report (e.g., AR4 for the GHGs
with GWPs listed in AR4), use of the GWPs from a newer report would
introduce inconsistencies between the GWPs used in the GHGRP and those
used in the U.S. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks.
However, where UNFCCC reporting is not linked to an older report, such
inconsistencies are not a concern. In fact, adopting the AR5 GWPs would
facilitate U.S. reporting under the UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines, which
state: ``Annex I Parties are strongly encouraged to also report
emissions and removals of additional GHGs, such as hydrofluoroethers
(HFEs), perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), and other gases for which 100-year
global warming potential values are available from the IPCC but have
not yet been adopted by the [Conference of the Parties to the
UNFCCC].'' \9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by
Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I:UNFCCC
reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories, FCCC/CP/
2013/10/Add.3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To list chemical-specific GWPs on Table A-1, the EPA believes that
it is appropriate to require that these GWPs have been published in a
peer-reviewed scientific journal. This helps to ensure that the data
and methods used to evaluate the GWPs are consistent with current
scientific good practice and thereby helps to ensure that the resulting
GWPs are accurate. The EPA acknowledges that, in some cases, this will
prevent the listing of GWPs that have not been published in the peer-
reviewed literature but that may nevertheless be reasonably accurate.
For example, eight of the GWPs discussed in the NODA and 11 of the GWPs
that we proposed in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule were supported by
some data and analysis; however, we are not proposing these GWPs in
this action because they have not been published in the peer-reviewed
literature. We consider it important to adopt a clear, widely accepted
criterion of scientific acceptance for including chemical-specific GWPs
on Table A-1, which is intended to serve as the compendium of chemical-
specific GWPs for the GHGRP. We believe that publication in a peer-
reviewed scientific journal meets this standard.
The chief concern raised by requiring that chemical-specific GWPs
on Table A-1 be peer-reviewed is that omission of a GWP that may be
somewhat inaccurate could lead to the use of an effective GWP (zero)
that is known to be very inaccurate. We believe that concern is
addressed by the proposed establishment of default GWPs, discussed
below.
Our proposal to adopt GWPs from a newer IPCC Assessment Report
(AR5) for compounds not listed in the older IPCC Assessment Report
required for UNFCCC reporting (AR4) is consistent with the approach we
took in the original Table A-1. At the time we created the original
Table A-1, the IPCC had already issued AR4, but the UNFCCC reporting
guidelines required
[[Page 44337]]
use of the GWPs in the IPCC SAR for compounds listed in that report. As
discussed above, the original Table A-1 included GWPs from the SAR for
the GHGs that had GWPs in the SAR and GWPs from AR4 for the GHGs that
did not have GWPs in the SAR but did in AR4 (e.g., NF3).
This ensured that the chemical-specific GWPs were both consistent with
those used for UNFCCC reporting and as accurate and complete as
practicable. Table A-1 also included a peer-reviewed GWP for a GHG that
did not have a GWP in either the SAR or AR4 (sevoflurane). While we are
not proposing in this action to add chemical-specific GWPs for GHGs
that do not have a GWP in either of the most recent assessment reports,
we may propose such additions in a future action.
b. General Approach To Default GWPs
Even with the addition of the AR5 GWPs, a significant share of the
fluorinated GHG and HTF emissions and supplies reported under the GHGRP
would not have chemical-specific GWPs included in Table A-1. We are
proposing default GWPs to ensure that the atmospheric impacts of these
fluorinated GHGs and HTFs are reflected in facility calculations and
CO2e emissions totals. Otherwise, an effective GWP of zero
would continue to underestimate the atmospheric impacts of the
fluorinated GHGs or HTFs emitted or supplied, which could lead to a
significant underestimate of facility CO2e emissions as a
whole.
Such underestimates lead to inconsistencies between facilities and
industries in terms of the completeness of the CO2e
emissions calculated and reported. It is important for the EPA to
assign GWPs to all GHGs in order to understand the potential impact of
certain sectors and facilities, compare emissions, and provide
consistency and transparency with respect to emissions across the
program.
In addition to these benefits, establishing default GWPs would
increase the long-term stability and predictability of the GWPs used
under the GHGRP. As chemical-specific GWPs for GHGs were developed,
peer reviewed, and added to Table A-1, the change from each default GWP
to the chemical-specific GWP would likely be considerably smaller than
the change from zero to the chemical-specific GWP. This would greatly
reduce the magnitude of any future revisions to or inconsistencies in
the time series of CO2e emissions. At the same time, having
a default GWP for each GHG may allow the EPA to update Table A-1 less
frequently because the default would reduce the error in
CO2e estimates that presently arises from not having a
chemical-specific GWP for that GHG on Table A-1.
2. Addition of Chemical-Specific GWPs for 103 Compounds and Update of
GWP for Sevoflurane
We are proposing to amend Table A-1 to Subpart A of Part 98 to add
peer-reviewed GWPs for the 103 compounds listed in Table 2 of this
preamble. To reflect the latest scientific consensus regarding
fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs in AR4, we are proposing to
adopt the GWPs provided for 102 of these 103 compounds in Table 8.A.1
of AR5.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ The EPA had previously proposed GWPs for 15 of these
compounds in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule, but since that rule
was proposed, updated GWPs for these 15 compounds have been
published in AR5. The other 11 compounds for which we proposed GWPs
in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule have not had GWPs published in
the peer-reviewed literature; under this proposed rule, these
compounds would be assigned default GWPs. A table specifying these
chemicals and showing the default GWPs that would be assigned to
them (as well as the chemicals whose cited GWPs were listed in the
NODA) is available in the docket for this rulemaking.
Table 2--Chemical-Specific GWPs Proposed for Addition to Table A-1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AR5 GWP (100
Common or trade name Chemical name(s) CAS No. Chemical formula year)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturated HFCs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFC-227ca...................... 1,1,1,2,2,3,3- 2252-84-8 CF3CF2CHF2............ 2640
Heptafluoropropane.
HFC-245cb...................... 1,1,1,2,2- 1814-88-6 CF3CF2CH3............. 4620
Pentafluoropropane.
HFC-245ea...................... 1,1,2,3,3- 24270-66-4 CHF2CHFCHF2........... 235
Pentafluoropropane.
HFC-245eb...................... 1,1,1,2,3- 431-31-2 CH2FCHFCF3............ 290
Pentafluoropropane.
HFC-263fb...................... 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane. 421-07-8 CH3CH2CF3............. 76
HFC-272ca...................... 2,2-Difluoropropane.... 420-45-1 CH3CF2CH3............. 144
HFC-329p....................... 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4- 375-17-7 CHF2CF2CF2CF3......... 2360
Nonafluorobutane.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturated PFCs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PFC-6-1-12..................... Hexadecafluoroheptane.. 335-57-9 C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3... 7820
PFC-7-1-18..................... Octadecafluorooctane... 307-34-6 C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3... 7620
Perfluorodecalin (cis). 60433-11-6 Z-C10F18.............. 7240
Perfluorodecalin 60433-12-7 E-C10F18.............. 6290
(trans).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturated HFEs
Partially Segregated HFEs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFE-263m1; R-E-143a............ 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1- 690-22-2 CF3OCH2CH3............ 29
(trifluoromethoxy)etha
ne.
HFE-365mcf2.................... 1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,2- 22052-81-9 CF3CF2OCH2CH3......... 58
pentafluoroethane.
HG'-01......................... 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2- 73287-23-7 CH3OCF2CF2OCH3........ 222
dimethoxyethane.
HG'-02......................... 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1- 485399-46-0 CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3..... 236
methoxy-2-(1,1,2,2-
tetrafluoro-2-
methoxyethoxy)ethane.
HG'-03......................... 3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10, 485399-48-2 CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3..... 221
10-Dodecafluoro-
2,5,8,11-
tetraoxadodecane.
Difluoro(methoxy)methan 359-15-9 CH3OCHF2.............. 144
e.
2-Chloro-1,1,2- 425-87-6 CH3OCF2CHFCl.......... 122
trifluoro-1-
methoxyethane.
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3- 22052-86-4 CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3...... 61
heptafluoropropane.
2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5- 920979-28-8 C12H5F19O2............ 56
pentafluorotetrahydro-
2,5-bis [1,2,2,2-
tetrafluoro-1-
(trifluoromethyl)ethyl
]-furan.
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3- 380-34-7 CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3...... 23
hexafluoropropane.
Fluoro(methoxy)methane. 460-22-0 CH3OCH2F.............. 13
[[Page 44338]]
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3- 60598-17-6 CHF2CF2CH2OCH3........ 0.49
methoxy-propane;
Methyl 2,2,3,3-
tetrafluoropropyl
ether.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-Segregated HFEs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HCFE-235ca2; enflurane......... 2-Chloro-1- 13838-16-9 CHF2OCF2CHFCl......... 583
(difluoromethoxy)-
1,1,2-trifluoroethane.
HFE-236ca...................... 1-(Difluoromethoxy)- 32778-11-3 CHF2OCF2CHF2.......... 4240
1,1,2,2-
tetrafluoroethane.
HFE-329me3..................... 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoro- 428454-68-6 CF3CFHCF2OCF3......... 4550
3-
(trifluoromethoxy)prop
ane.
HFE-347mmz1; Sevoflurane....... 2-(Difluoromethoxy)- 28523-86-6 (CF3)2CHOCHF2......... 216
1,1,1,3,3,3-
hexafluoropropane.
HFE-356mff2.................... bis(2,2,2- 333-36-8 CF3CH2OCH2CF3......... 17
trifluoroethyl) ether.
HG-02.......................... 1-(Difluoromethoxy)-2- 205367-61-9 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H. 2730
(2-(difluoromethoxy)-
1,1,2,2-
tetrafluoroethoxy)-
1,1,2,2-
tetrafluoroethane.
HG-03.......................... 1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9 173350-37-3 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3-OCF2H. 2850
,10,10,12,12-
Hexadecafluoro-
2,5,8,11-
tetraoxadodecane.
HG-20.......................... (Difluoromethoxy)((difl 249932-25-0 HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H.... 5300
uoromethoxy)
difluoromethoxy)
difluoromethane.
HG-21.......................... 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,8,8,10, 249932-26-1 HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O- 3890
10-Dodecafluoro- CF2H.
2,4,6,9-tetraoxadecane.
HG-30.......................... 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9- 188690-77-9 HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H.... 7330
Decafluoro-2,4,6,8-
tetraoxanonane.
1,1,1,2,2,3,3- 3330-15-2 CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3...... 6490
Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2-
tetrafluoroethoxy)-
propane.
1,1'-Oxybis[2- 205367-61-9 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H... 4920
(difluoromethoxy)-
1,1,2,2-
tetrafluoroethane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9 173350-37-3 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3CF2H... 4490
,10,10,12,12-
hexadecafluoro-
2,5,8,11-
Tetraoxadodecane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9 173350-38-4 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H... 3630
,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,
15- eicosafluoro-
2,5,8,11,14-
Pentaoxapentadecane.
1,1,2-Trifluoro-2- 84011-06-3 CHF2CHFOCF3........... 1240
(trifluoromethoxy)-
ethane.
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1- 37031-31-5 CH2FOCF2CF2H.......... 871
(fluoromethoxy)ethane.
Trifluoro 2261-01-0 CH2FOCF3.............. 751
(fluoromethoxy)
methane.
Difluoro(fluoromethoxy) 461-63-2 CH2FOCHF2............. 617
methane.
Fluoro (fluoromethoxy) 462-51-1 CH2FOCH2F............. 130
methane.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated Compounds
Unsaturated HFCs and Unsaturated HCFCs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFC-1132a; VF2................. vinylidiene fluoride... 75-38-7 C2H2F2, CF2=CH2....... 0.04
HFC-1141; VF................... vinyl fluoride......... 75-02-5 C2H3F, CH2=CHF........ 0.02
(E)-HFC-1225ye................. (E)-1,2,3,3,3- 5595-10-8 CF3CF=CHF(E).......... 0.06
Pentafluoroprop-1-ene.
(Z)-HFC-1225ye................. (Z)-1,2,3,3,3- 5528-43-8 CF3CF=CHF(Z).......... 0.22
Pentafluoroprop-1-ene.
Solstice 1233zd(E)............. trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 102687-65-0 C3H2ClF3;............. 1.34
trifluoroprop-1-ene. CHCl=CHCF3............
HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf......... 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop- 754-12-1 C3H2F4; CF3CF=CH2..... 0.31
1-ene.
HFC-1234ze(E).................. (E)-1,3,3,3- 1645-83-6 C3H22F4; cis-CF3CH=CHF 0.97
Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene.
HFC-1234ze(Z).................. (Z)-1,3,3,3- 29118-25-0 C3H2F4; trans- 0.29
Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene. CF3CH=CHF;
CF3CH=CHF(Z).
HFC-1243zf; TFP................ trifluoro propene 677-21-4 C3H3F3,CF3CH=CH2...... 0.12
(TFP); 3,3,3-
Trifluoroprop-1-ene.
(Z)-HFC-1336................... (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4- 692-49-9 CF3CH=CHCF3(Z)........ 1.58
Hexafluorobut-2-ene.
HFO-1345zfc.................... 3,3,4,4,4- 374-27-6 C2F5CH=CH2............ 0.09
Pentafluorobut-1-ene.
Capstone 42-U.................. perfluorobutyl ethene 19430-93-4 C6H3F9,CF3(CF2) 0.16
(42-U); 3CH=CH2.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-
Nonafluorohex-1-ene.
Capstone 62-U.................. perfluorohexyl ethene 25291-17-2 C8H3F13,CF3(CF2)5CH=CH 0.11
(62-U); 2.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,
8,8-Tridecafluorooct-1-
ene.
Capstone 82-U.................. perfluorooctyl ethene 21652-58-4 C10H3F17,CF3(CF2)7CH=C 0.09
(82-U); H2.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,
8,9,9,10,10,10-
Heptadecafluorodec-1-
ene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated PFCs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PFC-1114; TFE.................. tetrafluoroethylene 116-14-3 CF2=CF2; C2F4......... 0.004
(TFE); Perfluoroethene.
PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP........... hexafluoropropylene 116-15-4 C3F6; CF3CF=CF2....... 0.05
(HFP);
Perfluoropropene.
PFC C-1418..................... Perfluorocyclopentene; 559-40-0 c-C5F8................ 1.97
Octafluorocyclopentene.
Perfluorobut-2-ene..... 360-89-4 CF3CF=CFCF3........... 1.82
Perfluorobut-1-ene..... 357-26-6 CF3CF2CF=CF2.......... 0.10
Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene 685-63-2 CF2=CFCF=CF2.......... 0.003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated Halogenated Ethers
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PMVE; HFE-216.................. perfluoromethyl vinyl 1187-93-5 CF3OCF[thinsp]=[thinsp 0.17
ether (PMVE). ]CF2.
Fluoroxene..................... (2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy) 406-90-6 CF3CH2OCH=CH2......... 0.05
ethene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 44339]]
Other Short-Lived Compounds
Ketones
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Novec 1230..................... FK-5-1-12 756-13-8 CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2... 0.1
Perfluoroketone; FK-5-
1-12myy2; perfluoro(2-
methyl-3-pentanone).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorinated Aldehydes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,3,3-Trifluoro- 460-40-2 CF3CH2CHO............. 0.01
propanal.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorotelomer Alcohols
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- 185689-57-0 CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH..... 0.43
Undecafluoroheptan-1-
ol.
3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1- 2240-88-2 CF3CH2CH2OH........... 0.35
ol.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8 755-02-2 CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH..... 0.33
,9,9,9-
Pentadecafluorononan-1-
ol.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8 87017-97-8 CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH..... 0.19
,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-
Nonadecafluoroundecan-
1-ol.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compounds including one or more carbon-iodine bonds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trifluoroiodomethane... 2314-97-8 CF3I.................. \a\ 0.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Compounds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trifluoromethyl formate 85358-65-2 HCOOCF3............... 588
Perfluoroethyl formate. 313064-40-3 HCOOCF2CF3............ 580
1,2,2,2- 481631-19-0 HCOOCHFCF3............ 470
Tetrafluoroethyl
formate.
Perfluorobutyl formate. 197218-56-7 HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3...... 392
Perfluoropropyl formate 271257-42-2 HCOOCF2CF2CF3......... 376
1,1,1,3,3,3- 856766-70-6 HCOOCH(CF3)2.......... 333
Hexafluoropropan-2-yl
formate.
Halon 1202..................... Dibromodifluoromethane. 75-61-6 CBr2F2................ 231
1,1,1,3,3,3- 920-66-1 (CF3)2CHOH............ 182
Hexafluoropropan-2-ol.
Methyl 1538-06-3 FCOOCH3............... 95
carbonofluoridate.
Methyl 2,2,2- 431-47-0 CF3COOCH3............. 52
trifluoroacetate.
Halon-2311; Halothane.......... 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1- 151-67-7 CHBrClCF3............. 41
trifluoroethane.
2,2,3,3,4,4,4- 375-01-9 C3F7CH2OH............. 34
Heptafluorobutan-1-ol.
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 32042-38-9 HCOOCH2CF3............ 33
formate.
1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2- 1344118-13-3 CF3COOCF2CH3.......... 31
trifluoroacetate.
Difluoromethyl 2,2,2- 2024-86-4 CF3COOCHF2............ 27
trifluoroacetate.
1,1-Difluoroethyl 1344118-11-1 FCOOCF2CH3............ 27
carbonofluoridate.
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol. 75-89-8 CF3CH2OH.............. 20
2,2,3,3,3- 422-05-9 CF3CF2CH2OH........... 19
Pentafluoropropan-1-ol.
2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro- 382-31-0 CF3CHFCF2CH2OH........ 17
1-butanol.
3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl 1344118-09-7 HCOOCH2CH2CF3......... 17
formate.
2,2,3,3,4,4,4- 375-01-9 CF3CF2CF2CH2OH........ 16
Heptafluoro-1-butanol.
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1- 76-37-9 CHF2CF2CH2OH.......... 13
propanol.
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 407-38-5 CF3COOCH2CF3.......... 7
2,2,2-trifluoroacetate.
Methyl 2,2- 433-53-4 HCF2COOCH3............ 3
difluoroacetate.
2,2-Difluoroethanol.... 359-13-7 CHF2CH2OH............. 3
Perfluoroethyl acetate. 343269-97-6 CH3COOCF2CF3.......... 2.1
Trifluoromethyl acetate 74123-20-9 CH3COOCF3............. 2.0
Perfluoropropyl acetate 1344118-10-0 CH3COOCF2CF2CF3....... 1.8
Perfluorobutyl acetate. 209597-28-4 CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3.... 1.6
Ethyl 2,2,2- 383-63-1 CF3COOCH2CH3.......... 1.3
trifluoroacetate.
2-Fluoroethanol........ 371-62-0 CH2FCH2OH............. 1.1
4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1- 461-18-7 CF3(CH2) 2CH2OH....... 0.05
ol.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\AR4.
In their compilation of the GWPs available in the scientific peer-
reviewed literature for fluorinated GHGs, the authors of AR5 relied on
the article ``Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of
Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review''
(hereinafter referred to as the ``Comprehensive Review'').\11\ The
Comprehensive Review refined and adjusted the GWPs that had been
previously published for the fluorinated GHGs, for example updating
them to reflect the most recent consensus absolute global warming
potential of CO2, to which all other GWPs are indexed. One
set of adjustments is of particular interest for the 13 short-lived
compounds for which the EPA previously proposed to add GWPs in the
proposed 2013 Revisions Rule. These are adjustments to the radiative
efficiencies of short-lived compounds to better account for the fact
that such compounds are not well mixed in the atmosphere. As discussed
in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule, GWPs estimated for short-lived
compounds are often based on the assumption that the compounds are well
mixed in the atmosphere, and this assumption can lead to overestimated
GWPs.\12\ This expectation was
[[Page 44340]]
confirmed by the adjustments made in the Comprehensive Review, which
significantly lowered the estimated GWPs of the short-lived compounds
compared to those that were proposed in the proposed 2013 Revisions
Rule. The GWPs for short-lived compounds that we are proposing to adopt
from AR5 reflect these adjustments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ Hodnebrog, [Oslash]., M. Etminan, J.S. Fuglestvedt, G.
Marston, G. Myhre, C.J. Nielsen, K.P. Shine, and T.J. Wallington.
``Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of
Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review,'' Reviews
of Geophysics, Accepted manuscript online: 24 April 2013.
\12\ However, as noted in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule, the
absolute error (i.e., error in total CO2e) associated
with this overestimate is expected to be small when the GWP itself
is small, which is generally the case for GHGs with atmospheric
lifetimes of a few days or weeks (78 FR 19813).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AR5 expresses the GWPs of many short-lived compounds as ``<1.'' To
allow calculations of CO2e, which require a point estimate
of each compound's GWP, we have calculated more precise GWPs for these
compounds based on the radiative efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes
provided for the compounds in AR5. Table 2 of this preamble lists the
precise GWPs. We are also considering the option of assigning a GWP of
``1'' to these compounds. While using a GWP of 1 would lead to an
overestimate of CO2e emissions, this overestimate would be
extremely small in most cases, and using a GWP of 1 would simplify
calculations. We specifically request comment on whether we should
assign the precise GWP (e.g., 0.12 for trifluoropropene) or ``1'' in
these cases.
The Supplementary Material to Chapter 8 of AR5 (Table 8.SM.16)
includes another set of GWPs for the GHGs included in Table 8.A.1.
These GWPs have been adjusted to reflect feedback mechanisms that
increase the GWPs by between 10 and 22 percent, depending on the
atmospheric lifetime of the GHG. Because the GWPs included in AR4 (and
earlier IPCC Scientific Assessment Reports) did not include this
adjustment, we are not proposing to adopt the set of GWPs in AR5 that
includes it. This will retain as much comparability as practicable
among the GWPs used in the GHGRP, given our interest in remaining
consistent with the GWPs used for UNFCCC reporting (i.e., the AR4 GWPs
for the GHGs with GWPs in AR4).
For one fluorinated GHG, trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), we
are proposing to add a chemical-specific GWP from AR4. This GWP is 0.4.
(There is no GWP for trifluoroiodomethane in AR5.) The GWP for
trifluoroiodomethane was inadvertently omitted from earlier versions of
Table A-1.
We are also proposing to update the GWP of sevoflurane, a
hydrofluoroether that is used as an anesthetic. As noted above, the GWP
for sevoflurane that is currently in Table A-1 (345) is based on a 1999
paper from the peer-reviewed literature because no IPCC report
(including AR4) had included a GWP for sevoflurane when Part 98 was
first promulgated. In today's action, we are proposing to adopt the GWP
provided for sevoflurane in AR5 (216), which is more accurate and
reflects the current international scientific consensus.
To make Table A-1 easier to use while accommodating the additional
chemical-specific GWPs, we are proposing to reorganize the chemical-
specific GWPs on Table A-1 by fluorinated GHG group and/or subgroup.
These fluorinated GHG groups and subgroups are the same as those
discussed as the basis for the proposed default GWPs in section II.C.3.
of this preamble. The reorganized Table A-1 appears in the proposed
regulatory text.
3. Addition of Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs That Do Not Have
Chemical-Specific GWPs on Table A-1
The EPA is proposing eight default GWP values based on fluorinated
GHG group. These default GWPs would be added to Table A-1 and would
apply to fluorinated GHGs and HTFs not otherwise listed on Table A-1.
The proposed fluorinated GHG groups are: (1) Fully fluorinated GHGs and
HTFs, (2) saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), (3) partially segregated
saturated HFEs and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), (4) non-segregated
saturated HFEs and HCFEs, (5) unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
unsaturated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters, and fluorinated
ketones, (6) fluorotelomer alcohols, (7) fluorinated GHGs with carbon-
iodine bonds, and (8) other GHGs and HTFs. For each fluorinated GHG
group, we are basing the proposed default GWPs on the average of the
chemical-specific GWPs of chemicals that belong to that group and that
are either on Table A-1 or are proposed to be added to Table A-1 under
this proposed rule. The proposed fluorinated GHG groups and associated
GWPs are listed in Table 3 of this preamble.
Table 3--Default GWPs Proposed for Addition to Table A-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed GWP (100-
Fluorinated GHG group year)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fully fluorinated GHGs............................... 10,000
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).................. 2,200
Partially segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs........ 200
Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs.............. 2,400
Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated 1
HCFCs, unsaturated halogenated ethers, unsaturated
halogenated esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and
fluorinated ketones.................................
Fluorotelomer alcohols............................... 1
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s).......... 1
Other fluorinated GHGs............................... 110
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a. Fluorinated GHG Groups
The fluorinated GHG groups are based primarily on chemical
structure, which is correlated with atmospheric lifetime and GWP. Thus,
within each group, GWPs fall into a relatively limited range, and among
the groups, GWPs vary significantly. This permits default GWPs to be
established with more precision than is possible with larger or more
diverse sets of fluorinated GHGs.
In proposing these groups, the EPA has taken into consideration the
comments received on the default GWPs that were proposed for purposes
of reporting emissions under subpart L. We proposed five fluorinated
GHG groups and associated default GWPs in the proposed amendments to
subpart L, including (1) fully fluorinated GHGs and HTFs, (2) saturated
HFCs, (3) saturated HFEs and saturated HCFEs, (4) unsaturated PFCs,
unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated HFEs, and fluorinated
ketones, and (5) other GHGs and HTFs. Commenters requested that we
split the third group, expand the
[[Page 44341]]
fourth group, and add two additional groups, fluorotelomer alcohols and
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bonds, to increase the precision
and accuracy of the default GWPs applied to the chemicals in these
groups. The commenters stated that five types of chemicals, including
unsaturated fluorinated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters,
fluorinated aldehydes, fluorotelomer alcohols, and fluorinated GHGs
with carbon-iodine bonds, would have been assigned GWPs that were too
high if they had remained in the ``Other'' category. They further
stated that two types of saturated HFEs and HCFEs would have been
assigned GWPs that were, on average, either too high (for partially
segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs) or too low (for non-segregated
saturated HFEs and HCFEs). We agree with these comments and are
consequently including the suggested additional fluorinated GHG groups
and associated default GWPs in this proposed rule.\13\ We are also
revising the group of unsaturated compounds to include unsaturated
fluorinated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters, and fluorinated
aldehydes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ The analysis supporting the proposed default GWPs,
``Revised Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs
Reported Under the GHGRP,'' is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-
0927.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The definitions and characteristics of each fluorinated GHG group
are discussed below:
Fully fluorinated GHGs. Fully fluorinated GHGs are fluorinated GHGs
that contain only single bonds and in which all available valence
locations are filled by fluorine atoms. This group includes but is not
limited to saturated perfluorocarbons; SF5CF3;
fully fluorinated linear, branched and cyclic alkanes; fully
fluorinated ethers; fully fluorinated tertiary amines; fully
fluorinated aminoethers; and perfluoropolyethers. As discussed further
below, for purposes of establishing a default GWP, we are proposing to
exclude NF3 and SF6 from the group as we did in
the proposed amendments to subpart L. The remaining fully fluorinated
GHGs for which data are available have lifetimes of over 500 to several
thousand years and GWPs of 6,290 to 17,700.
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons. This group would include HFCs that
contain only single bonds (i.e., hydrofluoroalkanes such as HFC-134a).
Saturated HFCs have lifetimes from 0.3 years to 270 years and GWPs from
12 to 14,800. The average GWP of saturated HFCs is approximately 2,200,
the default GWP that we would assign to this group. Because the range
of lifetimes and GWPs spanned by the saturated HFCs is quite large, we
are also considering the option of establishing two default GWPs for
HFCs: One for shorter-lived HFCs and one for longer-lived HFCs. This
would provide more precise information regarding the atmospheric
behavior of each group. For example, the average GWP of the saturated
HFCs with atmospheric lifetimes above 20 years is approximately 5,700,
while the average GWP of the saturated HFCs with atmospheric lifetimes
below 20 years is approximately 600. However, the drawback of
establishing default GWPs by atmospheric lifetime is that it requires
reporters to know the atmospheric lifetimes of the HFCs to which the
default GWPs would be applied. This information is not likely to be
available for many HFCs that are not on Table A-1. The EPA specifically
requests comment on the option of establishing different GWPs for
short- and longer-lived HFCs. We also request comment on the option of
establishing GWPs for HFCs based on the number of carbon-hydrogen bonds
in the molecule, an option discussed in more detail for HFEs below and
in ``Analysis of Atmospheric Lifetimes, Radiative Efficiencies, and
Global Warming Potentials of Saturated Hydrofluoroethers by Number of
Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Fluorine Bonds,'' (available in Docket EPA-
HQ-OAR-2009-0927), which includes an analysis of the relationship
between the number of carbon-hydrogen bonds and GWPs in HFCs.
Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs. This group would include
HFEs and HCFEs that contain only single bonds and include fluorine
substitutes on all alkyl groups (e.g., HFE-134). This group and the
partially segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs, discussed below, are
based on chemical structure and break the set of saturated HFEs and
HCFEs into two smaller sets with relatively limited ranges of
atmospheric lifetimes and GWPs. HFEs and HCFEs in this category have
atmospheric lifetimes ranging from less than 1 year to 136 years and
GWPs ranging from 11 to 14,900. Although there is a significant
difference between the highest and lowest GWPs in this group, most
compounds in the group have GWPs of more than 500. The average GWP of
the group is 2,400, the default GWP that we would assign to this group.
Partially segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs. This group would
include HFEs and HCFEs that contain only single bonds as well as at
least one fully hydrogenated alkyl group with no fluorine or chlorine
substitutes (e.g., HFE-356mm1). HFEs and HCFEs in this category have
atmospheric lifetimes from a few weeks to 5.2 years and GWPs from 0.5
to 756. Most compounds in this category have GWPs below 500. The
average GWP of the group is 200, the default GWP that we would assign
to this group.
A 2008 study suggested that the number of carbon-hydrogen (C-H)
bonds in saturated HFEs was a better predictor of their atmospheric
lifetimes, and therefore GWPs, than whether the HFEs were non-
segregated or partially segregated.\14\ Based on our analysis, dividing
the set of HFEs and HCFEs into two or more groups based on the number
of C-H bonds could increase the accuracy and precision of the
associated default GWPs compared to dividing the HFEs and HCFEs into
the non-segregated and partially segregated groups.\15\ We specifically
request comment on the option of basing default GWPs for HFEs and HCFEs
on the number of C-H bonds in the molecule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ Blowers, P., D.M. Moline, K.F. Tetrault, R.R. Wheeler, and
S.L. Tuchawena. 2008. Global Warming Potentials of
Hydrofluoroethers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 1301-1307.
\15\ ``Analysis of Atmospheric Lifetimes, Radiative
Efficiencies, and Global Warming Potentials of Saturated
Hydrofluoroethers by Number of Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Fluorine
Bonds,'' available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0927.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated
halogenated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters, fluorinated
aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones. This group would include very
short-lived compounds including unsaturated PFCs (e.g.,
hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene), unsaturated HFCs (e.g.,
HFC-1234yf and perfluorobutyl ethene), unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated
halogenated ethers (e.g., fluoroxene), unsaturated halogenated esters,
fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones. These GHGs have
lifetimes of a few days to weeks. The average GWPs of the subgroups,
where they have been evaluated, range from 0.01 to 0.7. The average GWP
for the group is 0.4, but we are proposing to assign a default GWP of
one to simplify calculations. Using a default GWP of one would lead to
an overestimate of CO2e emissions, but this overestimate
would be extremely small in most cases. We specifically request comment
on this approach.
While multiple studies have indicated that unsaturated PFCs and
unsaturated HFCs have low GWPs, fewer studies have evaluated GWPs for
unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated fluorinated ethers, fluorinated
aldehydes, and fluorinated
[[Page 44342]]
ketones.\16\ Thus, the GWPs of these subgroups are less certain. The
EPA specifically requests comment on the likely variability of the
lifetimes and GWPs of unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated fluorinated
ethers, fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones and on whether
or not these compounds should be included in the very-short-lived group
or in the ``Other fluorinated GHG'' group, discussed below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ However, at least one study found that a number of
fluorinated ketones and fluorinated aldehydes had brief atmospheric
lifetimes (several days) (Derwent, R.G. 1995. ``Sources,
Distributions, and Fates of VOCs in the Atmosphere.'' Issues in
Environmental Science and Technology, 4. pp 1-16.) All the
fluorinated GHGs that have GWPs in AR5 and that have atmospheric
lifetimes of less than two weeks have GWPs of less than one.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Although the EPA is not aware of any peer-reviewed studies that
have evaluated GWPs for unsaturated fluorinated esters, the atmospheric
behavior of saturated fluorinated esters and of other unsaturated
compounds indicates that unsaturated fluorinated esters are likely to
have low GWPs. The fluorinated esters with GWPs in AR5 (including the
fluorinated acetates and formates) have GWPs ranging from 2 to 588,
which is significantly lower than the ranges of GWPs for saturated HFCs
and PFCs, respectively. This implies that the unsaturated esters are
likely to have GWPs that are comparable to or lower than the GWPs of
the unsaturated HFCs and PFCs. However, we are specifically requesting
comment on whether this line of reasoning justifies the inclusion of
unsaturated fluorinated esters in the same group as unsaturated HFCs
and PFCs, to which we are proposing to assign a default GWP of one. The
alternative group would be the ``Other Fluorinated GHG'' group, to
which we are proposing to assign a default GWP of 110.
Fluorotelomer alcohols. This group includes saturated fluorinated
compounds with the chemical formula CnF2n+1CH2CH2OH. Fluorotelomer
alcohols have atmospheric lifetimes ranging from 2 to 3 weeks and GWPs
ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. Their average GWP is 0.3. We are proposing a
default GWP of one for this group; however, as for the unsaturated
compounds discussed above, we particularly request comment on assigning
a GWP equal to the average GWP of the group.
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bonds. Fluorinated GHGs with
carbon-iodine bonds have very short atmospheric lifetimes. AR4 included
an atmospheric lifetime of 2 days and a GWP of 0.4 for one member of
this group, CF3I. Peer-reviewed studies on other members of this group
have found similarly brief atmospheric lifetimes but have not assigned
GWPs. We are proposing a default GWP of one for this group.
Other fluorinated GHGs. This group includes the fluorinated GHGs
that do not fall into any of the seven sets defined above. To ensure
that the gas groups are both distinct (i.e., do not overlap) and
comprehensive (i.e., cover all fluorinated GHGs), this gas group is a
catch-all for any remaining fluorinated GHGs. Based on the list of
compounds and GWPs included in AR5, the EPA's understanding is that
this group would consist of saturated fluorinated acetates, saturated
fluorinated formates, carbonofluoridates, and fluorinated alcohols
(other than fluorotelomer alcohols) with lifetimes ranging from a few
weeks to a few years and GWPs ranging from less than 5 to the hundreds.
The EPA specifically requests comment on which chemicals would fall
into this group and on their atmospheric lifetimes and GWPs. We are
proposing a default GWP of 110 for this group.
b. Calculation of Default GWPs
For each group, we have taken the average GWP of the group,
rounding it to one or two significant figures.\17\ For example, to
determine the default GWP for fully fluorinated GHGs, we determined the
average GWP of all fully fluorinated fluorocarbons in either Table A-1
or, for compounds not included in Table A-1, in AR5. The average GWP
for the fully fluorinated fluorocarbons is equal to 9,857. This
provided the default GWP of 10,000 for fully fluorinated compounds.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ The number of significant figures to which the average GWPs
were rounded depended on the relative and absolute errors associated
with that number of significant figures. In general, GWPs were
rounded to two significant figures when the average GWP was greater
than 100, reflecting uncertainties in the average of a few percent.
One exception was the rounded average GWP for fully fluorinated
fluorocarbons, which was rounded to one significant figure (10,000)
rather than two (9,900) because the uncertainty associated with the
second figure (i.e., 100) is only about one percent of
the average GWP for the group. Rounding the average for the fully
fluorinated fluorocarbons to the nearest 100 (9,900) would
understate the uncertainty associated with the default and result in
a less robust default that would be more sensitive to small changes
in the set of GWPs used to calculate the default. GWPs of less than
one were rounded to one decimal place because, for the affected
gases, the absolute error in CO2e emissions that is
associated with this rounding is expected to be small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This approach is expected to result in an unbiased estimate of the
GWP of each fluorinated GHG group because, at the present time, the
GWPs of the fluorinated GHGs on Table A-1 are not expected to be any
lower or higher, on average, than the GWPs of the fluorinated GHGs that
are not on Table A-1. However, for the ``Other fluorinated GHGs''
group, which is a ``catch-all'' category for fluorinated GHGs that do
not fit into any other group, it is possible that newly synthesized
types of compounds could have GWPs significantly different from the
GWPs of the types of compounds that are currently in the group. Given
this uncertainty, we are specifically requesting comment on an
alternative option. This option would be to adopt a default GWP for
this group based on the average of the GWPs of all fluorinated GHGs
(i.e., 2000). This would recognize that the uncertainty associated with
the GWPs of newly synthesized compound types may exceed that associated
with the GWPs of the compound types currently identified as belonging
to the ``other fluorinated GHGs'' group. However, while adopting a GWP
of 2000 would decrease the likelihood of underestimating the GWPs of
new types of compounds, it would significantly overestimate the GWPs of
the compound types that have been identified to date as belonging to
this group.
The EPA also requests comment on the sets of chemicals selected as
the bases for the default GWPs. First, we are specifically requesting
comment on the fluorinated GHG groups proposed here. Do they capture
most of the variability in GWPs exhibited by fluorinated GHGs? If not,
please explain (1) what alternative fluorinated GHG groups would
capture this variability, and (2) whether facilities could easily
determine to which fluorinated GHG group a particular fluorinated
compound belonged.
Second, we are requesting comment on the individual chemicals whose
GWPs are used to establish GWPs for each fluorinated GHG group. We are
specifically interested in comments on how to treat compounds with
relatively high or low GWPs for their groups (i.e., outliers). Within
the group of fully fluorinated GHGs, relatively high GWPs are generally
a consequence of a compound's radiative efficiency (or, more precisely,
the ratio of the compound's radiative efficiency to its molecular
weight), which is in turn influenced by the compound's inclusion of
bonds other than C-F bonds (e.g., S-F or N-F bonds in SF6,
SF5CF3, and NF3) or by a cyclic
structure (as for c-C3F6). Within the other
fluorinated GHG groups, relatively high-GWP compounds are those that
are relatively long-lived, such as HFC-23 among the saturated HFCs and
HFE-125 and HFE-
[[Page 44343]]
134 among the saturated HFEs, while relatively low-GWP compounds are
those that are short-lived, such as HFC-152a among the saturated HFCs.
To develop the proposed defaults, we have included outliers where
we could not rule out the possibility that such outliers may also occur
among the fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs we wish to estimate through the
use of defaults. Thus, to estimate the default GWP for fully
fluorinated GHGs, the EPA did not include SF6 or
NF3, because the definition of ``fluorinated GHG'' does not
include any other compounds whose radiatively important bonds consist
exclusively of S-F or N-F bonds. However, we did include
SF5CF3, because the definition of ``fluorinated
GHG'' does include fluorocarbons, which may include S-F and N-F bonds
in addition to C-F bonds. We also included cyclic fluorinated GHGs for
the same reason. An analysis of how the default GWPs change based on
the inclusion or exclusion of outliers is included in the docket for
this rulemaking. For fully fluorinated GHGs, the inclusion of
SF6 and NF3 would increase the default from
10,000 to 11,000, while the exclusion of c-C3F6
and SF5CF3 (numerical outliers) would decrease
the default to 9,000.
We are also specifically requesting comment on whether fluorinated
GHGs that contain chlorine should be included in the ``other
fluorinated GHG'' group or in the fluorinated GHG groups in which
chemically similar fluorinated GHGs that do not contain chlorine are
included. While most chlorine-containing GHGs are regulated under the
EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Regulations at 40 CFR part 82,
subpart A and are therefore excluded from the definition of
``fluorinated GHG'' under the GHG Reporting Rule (and the requirements
of subpart L), some chlorine-containing GHGs are included in the
definition of ``fluorinated GHG.'' These include, for example, a few
HCFEs and unsaturated HCFCs. In the future, facilities may emit other
chlorine-containing fluorinated GHGs (e.g., unsaturated
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and unsaturated hydrobromofluorocarbons). In
developing the proposed default GWPs, we have included current
chlorine-containing fluorinated GHGs in the same groups as similar
fluorinated GHGs without chlorine (grouping HCFEs with HFEs and
unsaturated HCFCs with unsaturated HFCs), because the atmospheric
lifetimes and GWPs of the chlorine-containing compounds are similar to
those of the similar compounds without chlorine. The alternative would
be to include the chlorine-containing compounds in the ``Other
fluorinated GHGs'' group, but this approach would lead to the use of
less accurate default GWPs for the chlorine-containing compounds.
In addition, we are specifically requesting comment on the option
of calculating the default GWPs based on the AR5 GWPs for the chemicals
in each group. As discussed above, our preferred approach is to
calculate the default GWPs based on the chemical-specific GWPs that
would appear in Table A-1 as amended by this rule, that is, on a
combination of AR4 GWPs (for the fluorinated GHGs that have AR4 GWPs)
and AR5 GWPs (for the fluorinated GHGs that do not have AR4 GWPs). This
approach would provide consistency between the default GWPs and the
chemical-specific GWPs on Table A-1. However, for some fluorinated GHGs
(e.g., many HFEs), the AR5 GWPs are significantly different from the
AR4 GWPs. While it would be inconsistent with UNFCCC reporting
guidelines to use AR5 GWPs as the chemical-specific GWPs for
fluorinated GHGs that have AR4 GWPs, it would not be inconsistent with
UNFCCC guidelines to use those chemical-specific AR5 GWPs to set
defaults. This is because the UNFCCC does not provide guidance
regarding which GWPs to use for GHGs that have not had GWPs published
in IPCC reports (i.e., the GHGs to which default GWPs would be
applied). AR5 reflects the most current scientific understanding of the
atmospheric lifetimes and/or radiative behavior of GHGs. Basing
defaults on these newly assigned GWPs would increase the accuracy and
the long-term robustness of the defaults, particularly for the non-
segregated and partially segregated saturated HFE groups.
4. Revised Definition of ``Global Warming Potential''
We are also proposing to revise the definition of ``global warming
potential'' in subpart A to clarify how chemical-specific and default
GWPs would be selected and applied for purposes of the calculations in
Part 98. This clarification states that the chemical-specific GWPs in
Table A-1 would be required to be applied to GHGs that had chemical-
specific GWPs listed in Table A-1, while the default GWPs in Table A-1
would be required to be applied to fluorinated GHGs that did not have
chemical-specific GWPs listed in Table A-1. This would help to ensure
that chemical-specific and default GWPs were applied correctly and
consistently in CO2e calculations across Part 98.
5. Special Provisions for Facilities and Suppliers That Become Newly
Subject to One or More Subparts of Part 98 Due to the Addition of GWPs
As discussed further in Section III.B of this preamble, we do not
anticipate that finalizing the GWPs proposed in this action would
expand the set of facilities required to report under the Greenhouse
Gas Reporting rule. However, to allow for the possibility that some
facilities or suppliers could become newly subject to one or more
subparts of Part 98 due to the addition of the GWPs, we are proposing
special provisions for these facilities regarding the timing of
reporting and the use of best available monitoring methods (BAMM).
These provisions would be identical to the equivalent provisions for
facilities and suppliers that became newly subject to one or more
subparts due to the update of GWPs in the 2013 Revisions Rule, 40 CFR
98.3(k) and (l). To implement this approach, we are proposing to revise
40 CFR 98.3(k) and (l) to delete most references to particular years
and replace these with references based on the year during which the
changes to the GWPs are promulgated.
D. Relationship Between This Proposed Rule and Proposed Amendments to
Subpart L
As discussed above, the EPA proposed a set of amendments to subpart
L last November that would replace the two existing default GWPs in
subpart L with five default GWPs (in a new Table L-1) for the
calculations and reporting under that subpart. The EPA intends to
finalize the proposed amendments to subpart L in time for reporting in
calendar year 2015, which for subpart L reporters will include
previously deferred detailed reporting of 2011 through 2013 emissions
as well as of 2014 emissions. We also intend to finalize this proposed
rule in time for reporting in calendar year 2015, probably after
finalizing the amendments to subpart L. This would ensure that the
chemical-specific GWPs that would be added under this action, which we
did not propose to add under the amendments to subpart L, would apply
to subpart L emissions for the entire time series. In addition, while
we anticipate that the default GWPs finalized in Table L-1 under the
amendments to subpart L would be the same as the default GWPs finalized
in Table A-1 under this action, we intend to remove Table L-1 and the
references to it when this rule is finalized. After these removals,
subpart L would not include any subpart-specific default GWPs. This
would simplify subpart L
[[Page 44344]]
and ensure future as well as current consistency among the default GWPs
applied across Part 98.
E. Relationship Between This Proposed Rule and Default GWP in Subpart I
For purposes of certain calculations under subpart I, electronics
facilities are required to use a default GWP of 2,000 for fluorinated
GHGs for which Table A-1 does not ``define'' or ``list'' a GWP value.
These calculations include the preliminary calculation of stack system
emissions at 40 CFR 98.93(i)(1) and (i)(2), the calculation of the
relative standard deviation of stack emission factors at 40 CFR 98.94
(j)(5)(ii)(C), the calculation of the change in annual consumption of
fluorinated GHGs at 40 CFR 98.94(j)(8)(i), the calculations of the
effective destruction or removal efficiency at 40 CFR 98.96 (Equations
I-26, I-27, and I-28), and the calculation of the approximate
percentage of total GHG emissions consisting of emissions from research
and development activities at 40 CFR 98.96(x). To clarify that the
default GWPs that we are proposing to add to Table A-1 should be used
for these calculations rather than the default GWP of 2,000, we are
proposing to remove all references to the default GWP of 2,000 from
subpart I. This would ensure that the GWPs used for the calculations in
subpart I are consistent with those used for all other calculations and
reporting under Part 98.
F. Calculation of Differences and Changes in CO2e Quantities
Under Subpart I and Subpart L
Both subpart I and subpart L include calculations that compare
CO2e parameters that are measured and/or calculated at
different times. For example, under subpart I, facilities using the
stack testing method must evaluate whether annual consumption of a
fluorinated GHG has changed by more than 10 percent of the total annual
fluorinated GHG consumption in CO2e since the most recent
emissions test. If it has, then the facility must re-test (40 CFR
98.94(j)(8)(i)). Under subpart L, facilities that plan a change to an
operating scenario whose emission factor was measured must estimate and
compare the emission calculation factors for the measured and changed
scenarios. If the difference exceeds 15 percent, then the facility must
re-test (40 CFR 98.124(c)(7)(ii)).
For purposes of these and similar calculations, facilities would
use, for both the original and the updated parameters, the GWPs that
are in the version of Table A-1 in effect at the time of the
calculation. This would avoid the introduction of differences that are
caused by differences in GWPs rather than by changes to production
processes.
G. Relationship Between This Proposed Rule and GHG Permitting
Requirements
EPA's stationary source permitting regulations incorporate Table A-
1 to subpart A of 40 CFR part 98 to provide a method for calculating
emissions of GHGs (in terms of CO2e) in order to determine
whether Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permitting
requirements are applicable to an individual source. See 75 FR 31522,
40 CFR 51.166(b)(48)(ii)(a), 40 CFR 52.21(b)(49)(ii)(a). In the 2013
Revisions Rule, we explained how a change to a GWP relates to PSD
permitting (78 FR 71914-71917). For example, we explained that in the
case of a final PSD permit that is issued prior to the effective date
of a GWP revision, the permit should continue to rely upon the GWPs
that were in place at the time of permit issuance for purposes of
demonstrating compliance with the conditions of the permit.
On June 23, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in
Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA (No. 12-1146). The Court said that
EPA may not treat greenhouse gases as an air pollutant for purposes of
determining whether a source is a major source required to obtain a PSD
or title V permit. The Court also said that PSD permits that are
otherwise required (based on emissions of conventional pollutants) may
continue to require limitations on greenhouse gas emissions based on
the application of Best Available Control Technology (BACT). EPA is
continuing to examine the implications of the Court's decision,
including how EPA may need to revise its permitting regulations based
on the Supreme Court decision. Nevertheless, because the Court decision
upheld the PSD BACT requirement for GHGs under specific circumstances,
EPA believes it is likely that its revised PSD permitting regulations
would continue to incorporate Table A-1 GWPs to calculate
CO2e.
In the current version of Part 98, Table A-1 assigns chemical-
specific GWPs for individual GHG compounds. It contains chemical-
specific GWPs for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur
hexafluoride, and several HFC and PFC compounds. However, not all HFC
and PFC compounds are included in the current version of Table A-1.
This proposed rule would add chemical-specific and default GWPs to
Table A-1 for the remaining HFCs and PFCs that the current version of
Table A-1 does not cover.
To the extent that Table A-1 GWPs continue to be used in
permitting, as with the 2013 Revisions Rule, adoption of these
chemical-specific and default GWPs may automatically apply in some
state and local PSD programs, while some state and local agencies may
have to engage in an adoption process to incorporate the revised Table
A-1 into their program regulations.\18\ In the 2013 Revisions Rule, EPA
noted that some states would need to modify their PSD SIPs programs in
order to make the revisions to Table A-1 effective in their permitting
programs (78 FR 71916). As a result of the Supreme Court decision
issued June 23, 2014, additional revisions to state PSD SIPs and title
V programs may be necessary, but EPA has yet to determine the nature of
any appropriate revisions to EPA's federal regulations that establish
the minimum requirements for state PSD and title V programs.\19\ EPA
will provide more information on this subject in forthcoming actions by
the Agency. To the extent necessary, we will address the procedures for
states to adopt the revisions to Table A-1 in any subsequent action
addressing that decision, which should allow states to make any
necessary regulatory amendments at one time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ For PSD, state and local permitting agencies handle the
majority of GHG PSD permitting through either EPA-approved state
rules, which generally incorporate the requirements from the
Tailoring Rule provisions at 40 CFR 51.166 or 52.21, or through a
delegation from the EPA in which the state issues PSD permits on
behalf of the EPA using 40 CFR 52.21. Through its Regional Offices,
the EPA issues PSD permits for areas not covered by an EPA-approved
or delegated state permit program using 40 CFR 52.21.
\19\ Similar to the PSD rules, EPA's title V permitting
regulations have also incorporated Table A-1 to subpart A of 40 CFR
part 98 to provide a method for calculating emissions of GHG (in
terms of CO2e). See 75 FR 31522, 40 CFR 70.2 (definition
of ``subject to regulation''), 40 CFR 71.2 (same). As for PSD, the
2013 Revisions Rule also explained how a change to a GWP would
relate to title V permitting, including in EPA-approved title V
permitting programs implemented by state and local permitting
authorities. 78 FR 71914-71917. EPA is still evaluating how, if at
all, the Table A-1 GWPs will continue to be used in the title V
permitting regulations in light of the Supreme Court's decision in
Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA. EPA will provide further
information in future actions as appropriate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the
terms of Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735,
[[Page 44345]]
October 4, 1993) and is therefore not subject to review under Executive
Orders 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011).
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
This action does not increase information collection burden. The
proposed addition of GWPs to subpart A is not expected to affect the
applicability of the rule. The seven subparts that could potentially be
affected include subpart I, subpart L, subpart T, subparts DD and SS,
and subparts OO and QQ. Subpart I applicability is determined by a
simplified emissions calculation that includes a specific, limited set
of fluorinated GHGs, none of whose GWPs would be affected by
finalization of this proposed rule. Under subpart L, all fluorinated
gas production facilities that emit GHGs whose GWPs are increasing are
already believed to be reporting. Similarly, all fluorinated GHG
production facilities are already required to report under subpart OO,
and all fluorinated GHG importers and exporters of the fluorinated GHGs
and HTFs that would be assigned GWPs are already believed to report
under subparts OO and QQ. The applicability of subparts DD and SS would
not be affected because the thresholds for both subparts are expressed
in terms of GHG masses rather than CO2e masses. Any impact
on the applicability of subpart T is expected to be negligible, because
the fluorinated GHGs that would be assigned default GWPs and that would
be reported under that subpart are believed to make up a very small
fraction of the CO2-e emissions from covered facilities. The
OMB has previously approved the information collection requirements for
subparts A, I, L, T, DD, OO, QQ, and SS under 40 CFR part 98 under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., and
has assigned Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control numbers
2060-0629 and 2060-0650.
Further information on the EPA's assessment on the impact on burden
can be found in the memorandum, ``Economic Analysis of Adding Chemical-
Specific and Default GWPs to Table A-1'' in docket number EPA-HQ-OAR-
2009-0927.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of this proposed rule on
small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business as
defined by the Small Business Administration's regulations at 13 CFR
121.201; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of
a city, county, town, school district or special district with a
population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is
any not-for-profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated
and is not dominant in its field.
After considering the economic impacts of these proposed rule
amendments on small entities, I certify that this action will not have
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. The proposed addition of default GWPs to subpart A is not
expected to affect the applicability of the rule to small entities.
Further, the EPA took several steps to reduce the impact of 40 CFR
part 98 on small entities when developing the final GHG Reporting Rules
in 2009 and 2010. For example, the EPA determined appropriate
thresholds that reduced the number of small businesses reporting. In
addition, the EPA conducted several meetings with industry associations
to discuss regulatory options and the corresponding burden on industry,
such as recordkeeping and reporting. Finally, the EPA continues to
conduct significant outreach on the GHGRP and maintains an ``open
door'' policy for stakeholders to help inform the EPA's understanding
of key issues for the industries. We continue to be interested in the
potential impacts of the proposed rule on small entities and welcome
comments on issues related to such impacts.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
The proposed rule amendments do not contain a federal mandate that
may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for state, local,
and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector in any
one year. Thus, the proposed rule amendments are not subject to the
requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. This proposed rule is
also not subject to the requirements of section 203 of UMRA because it
contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or
uniquely affect small governments. Facilities and suppliers subject to
the proposed rule include electronics manufacturers, fluorinated gas
producers, magnesium producers and processers, manufacturers and users
of electrical equipment, importers and exporters of fluorinated GHGs in
bulk, and importers and exporters of pre-charged equipment and closed-
cell foams. None of the facilities currently known to undertake these
activities is owned by a small government. Therefore, this action is
not subject to the requirements of section 203 of the UMRA.
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications. It would not
have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship
between the national government and the states, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. For a more detailed discussion
about how Part 98 relates to existing state programs, please see
Section II of the preamble to the final Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule
(74 FR 56266).
The proposed amendments apply to facilities that directly emit
fluorinated GHGs or that are suppliers of fluorinated GHGs. They would
not apply to governmental entities unless the governmental entity owns
a facility that directly emits fluorinated GHGs above threshold levels
(such as a semiconductor manufacturing facility). We are not aware of
any governmental entities that would be affected. This regulation also
would not limit the power of states or localities to collect GHG data
and/or regulate GHG emissions. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not
apply to this action.
Although section 6 of Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this
action, the EPA did consult with state and local officials or
representatives of state and local governments in developing the
original GHG Reporting Rule published on October 30, 2009 and the rule
finalizing subparts I, L, DD, QQ, and SS published on December 1, 2010.
A summary of the EPA's consultations with state and local governments
is provided in Section VIII.E of the preamble to the 2009 final rule.
In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA
policy to promote communications between the EPA and state and local
governments, the EPA specifically solicits comment on this proposed
action from state and local officials.
[[Page 44346]]
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action would not have tribal implications, as specified in
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000). The proposed
amendments apply to facilities that directly emit fluorinated GHGs or
that are suppliers of fluorinated GHGs. They would not have tribal
implications unless the tribal entity owns a facility that directly
emits fluorinated GHGs above threshold levels (such as a semiconductor
manufacturing facility). We are not aware of any tribal facilities that
would be affected. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this
action. EPA specifically solicits additional comment on this proposed
action from tribal officials.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23,
1997) as applying only to those regulatory actions that concern health
or safety risks, such that the analysis required under section 5-501 of
the Executive Order has the potential to influence the regulation. This
action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it would not
establish an environmental standard intended to mitigate health or
safety risks.
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355,
May 22, 2001), because it is not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866.
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113 (15 U.S.C. 272 note), directs
the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory
activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or
otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical
standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling
procedures, and business practices) that are developed or adopted by
voluntary consensus standards bodies. NTTAA directs the EPA to provide
Congress, through OMB, explanations when the EPA decides not to use
available and applicable voluntary consensus standards.
This proposed rulemaking does not involve technical standards.
Therefore, the EPA is not considering the use of any voluntary
consensus standards.
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) establishes
federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision
directs federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and
permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission
by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high
and adverse human health or environmental effects of their programs,
policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income
populations in the United States.
The EPA has determined that this proposed rule would not have
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental
effects on minority or low-income populations because it would not
affect the level of protection provided to human health or the
environment; it is a rule addressing information collection and
reporting procedures.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 98
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Greenhouse gases, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: July 24, 2014.
Gina McCarthy,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental
Protection Agency proposes to amend CFR title 40 chapter I as set forth
below:
PART 98--MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING
0
1. The authority citation for part 98 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart A--General Provisions
0
2. Section 98.2 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(4), and
(f)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 98.2 Who must report?
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) Calculate the annual emissions of CO2,
CH4, N2O, and each fluorinated GHG in metric tons
from all applicable source categories listed in paragraph (a)(2) of
this section. The GHG emissions shall be calculated using the
calculation methodologies specified in each applicable subpart and
available company records.
* * * * *
(4) Sum the emissions estimates from paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and
(b)(3) of this section for each GHG and calculate metric tons of
CO2e using Equation A-1 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP31JY14.008
Where:
CO2e = Carbon dioxide equivalent, metric tons/year.
GHGi = Mass emissions of each greenhouse gas, metric
tons/year.
GWPi = Global warming potential for each greenhouse gas
from Table A-1 of this subpart.
n = The number of greenhouse gases emitted.
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(1) Calculate the mass in metric tons per year of CO2,
N2O, and each fluorinated GHG that is imported and the mass
in metric tons per year of CO2, N2O, and each
fluorinated GHG that is exported during the year.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 98.3 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(E);
0
b. Removing and reserving paragraph (c)(4)(vi);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (c)(5)(i), (c)(5)(ii), (c)(12)(iii)(E), (k), (l)
introductory text, (l)(1) introductory text, (l)(2) introductory text,
(l)(2)(i), (l)(2)(ii)(C) through (E); and, (l)(2)(iii).
The revisions read as follows:
Sec. 98.3 What are the general monitoring, reporting, recordkeeping,
and verification requirements of this part?
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) * * *
(iii) * * *
[[Page 44347]]
(E) Each fluorinated GHG (as defined in Sec. 98.6).
* * * * *
(vi) [Reserved]
* * * * *
(5) * * *
(i) Total quantity of GHG aggregated for all GHG from all
applicable supply categories in Table A-5 of this subpart and expressed
in metric tons of CO2e calculated using Equation A-1 of this
subpart.
(ii) Quantity of each GHG from each applicable supply category in
Table A-5 to this subpart, expressed in metric tons of each GHG.
* * * * *
(12) * * *
(iii) * * *
(E) Each fluorinated GHG.
* * * * *
(k) Revised global warming potentials and special provisions for
reporting year 2013 and subsequent reporting years. This paragraph (k)
applies to owners or operators of facilities or suppliers that first
become subject to any subpart of part 98 solely due to an amendment to
Table A-1 of this subpart.
(1) A facility or supplier that first becomes subject to part 98
due to a change in the GWP for one or more compounds in Table A-1 of
this subpart, Global Warming Potentials, is not required to submit an
annual GHG report for the reporting year during which the change in
GWPs is promulgated.
(2) A facility or supplier that was already subject to one or more
subparts of part 98 but becomes subject to one or more additional
subparts due to a change in the GWP for one or more compounds in Table
A-1 of this subpart, is not required to include those subparts to which
the facility is subject only due to the change in the GWP in the annual
GHG report submitted for the reporting year during which the change in
GWPs is promulgated.
(3) Starting on January 1 of the year after the year during which
the change in GWPs is promulgated, facilities or suppliers identified
in paragraphs (k)(1) or (2) of this section must start monitoring and
collecting GHG data in compliance with the applicable subparts of part
98 to which the facility is subject due to the change in the GWP for
the annual greenhouse gas report for that reporting year, which is due
by March 31 of the following calendar year.
(4) A change in the GWP for one or more compounds includes the
addition to Table A-1 of this subpart of either a chemical-specific or
a default GWP that applies to a compound to which no chemical-specific
GWP in Table A-1 of this subpart previously applied.
(l) Special provision for best available monitoring methods in 2014
and subsequent years. This paragraph (l) applies to owners or operators
of facilities or suppliers that first become subject to any subpart of
part 98 due to an amendment to Table A-1 of this subpart, Global
Warming Potentials.
(1) Best available monitoring methods. From January 1 to March 31
of the year after the year during which the change in GWPs is
promulgated, owners or operators subject to this paragraph (l) may use
best available monitoring methods for any parameter (e.g., fuel use,
feedstock rates) that cannot reasonably be measured according to the
monitoring and QA/QC requirements of a relevant subpart. The owner or
operator must use the calculation methodologies and equations in the
``Calculating GHG Emissions'' sections of each relevant subpart, but
may use the best available monitoring method for any parameter for
which it is not reasonably feasible to acquire, install, and operate a
required piece of monitoring equipment by January 1 of the year after
the year during which the change in GWPs is promulgated. Starting no
later than April 1, of the year after the year during which the change
in GWPs is promulgated, the owner or operator must discontinue using
best available methods and begin following all applicable monitoring
and QA/QC requirements of this part, except as provided in paragraph
(l)(2) of this section. Best available monitoring methods means any of
the following methods:
* * * * *
(2) Requests for extension of the use of best available monitoring
methods. The owner or operator may submit a request to the
Administrator to use one or more best available monitoring methods
beyond March 31 of the year after the year during which the change in
GWPs is promulgated.
(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be submitted to
EPA no later than January 31 of the year after the year during which
the change in GWPs is promulgated.
(ii) * * *
(C) A description of the reasons that the needed equipment could
not be obtained and installed before April 1 of the year after the year
during which the change in GWPs is promulgated.
(D) If the reason for the extension is that the equipment cannot be
purchased and delivered by April 1 of the year after the year during
which the change in GWPs is promulgated, supporting documentation such
as the date the monitoring equipment was ordered, investigation of
alternative suppliers and the dates by which alternative vendors
promised delivery, backorder notices or unexpected delays, descriptions
of actions taken to expedite delivery, and the current expected date of
delivery.
(E) If the reason for the extension is that the equipment cannot be
installed without a process unit shutdown, include supporting
documentation demonstrating that it is not practicable to isolate the
equipment and install the monitoring instrument without a full process
unit shutdown. Include the date of the most recent process unit
shutdown, the frequency of shutdowns for this process unit, and the
date of the next planned shutdown during which the monitoring equipment
can be installed. If there has been a shutdown or if there is a planned
process unit shutdown between November 29 of the year during which the
change in GWPs is promulgated and April 1 of the year after the year
during which the change in GWPs is promulgated, include a justification
of why the equipment could not be obtained and installed during that
shutdown.
* * * * *
(iii) Approval criteria. To obtain approval, the owner or operator
must demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that it is not
reasonably feasible to acquire, install, and operate a required piece
of monitoring equipment by April 1 of the year after the year during
which the change in GWPs is promulgated. The use of best available
methods under this paragraph (l) will not be approved beyond December
31 of the year after the year during which the change in GWPs is
promulgated.
0
4. Section 98.6 is amended by:
0
a. Adding, in alphabetical order, the definitions for Fluorinated GHG
group, Fluorotelomer alcohols, Fully fluorinated GHGs;
0
b. Revising the definition for Global warming potential; and
0
c. Adding, in alphabetical order, the definitions for Non-segregated
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), Non-segregated saturated
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), Other fluorinated GHGs, Partially segregated
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), Partially segregated
saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), Saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers
(HCFEs), Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Saturated
hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), Unsaturated ethers, Unsaturated
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
[[Page 44348]]
Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); and, Unsaturated
perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 98.6 Definitions.
* * * * *
Fluorinated GHG group means one of the following sets of
fluorinated GHGs: Fully fluorinated GHGs; saturated hydrofluorocarbons;
partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers and saturated
hydrochlorofluoroethers; non-segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers and
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers; unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs,
unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters,
fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones; fluorotelomer alcohols;
fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bonds; or Other fluorinated GHGs.
* * * * *
Fluorotelomer alcohols means fluorinated GHGs with the chemical
formula CnF2n+1CH2CH2OH.
* * * * *
Fully fluorinated GHGs means fluorinated GHGs that contain only
single bonds and in which all available valence locations are filled by
fluorine atoms. This includes but is not limited to: saturated
perfluorocarbons; SF6; NF3;
SF5CF3; fully fluorinated linear, branched, and
cyclic alkanes; fully fluorinated ethers; fully fluorinated tertiary
amines; fully fluorinated aminoethers; and perfluoropolyethers.
* * * * *
Global warming potential or GWP means the ratio of the time-
integrated radiative forcing from the instantaneous release of one
kilogram of a trace substance relative to that of one kilogram of a
reference gas, i.e., CO2. GWPs for each greenhouse gas are
provided in Table A-1 of this subpart. For purposes of the calculations
in this part, if the GHG has a chemical-specific GWP listed in Table A-
1, use that GWP. Otherwise, use the default GWP provided in Table A-1
for the fluorinated GHG group of which the GHG is a member.
* * * * *
Non-segregated saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means
saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers that include fluorine substitutes on
all alkyl groups.
Non-segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means saturated
hydrofluoroethers that include fluorine substitutes on all alkyl
groups.
* * * * *
Other fluorinated GHGs means fluorinated GHGs that are none of the
following: Fully fluorinated GHGs, saturated hydrofluorocarbons,
saturated hydrofluoroethers, saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers,
unsaturated perfluorocarbons, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons,
unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons, unsaturated ethers, unsaturated
halogenated esters, fluorinated aldehydes, fluorinated ketones,
fluorotelomer alcohols, or fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bonds.
* * * * *
Partially segregated saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs)
means saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers that contain at least one fully
hydrogenated alkyl group with no fluorine or chlorine substitutes.
Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means
saturated hydrofluoroethers that contain at least one fully
hydrogenated alkyl group with no fluorine substitutes.
* * * * *
Saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in
which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom; in which two
or more, but not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon groups
have been replaced by fluorine atoms and chlorine atoms; and which
contain only single bonds.
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are
hydrofluorocarbons and that contain only single bonds.
Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in which
two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom; in which one or
more, but not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have
been replaced by fluorine atoms; and which contain only single bonds.
* * * * *
Unsaturated ethers means fluorinated GHGs in which two hydrocarbon
groups are linked by an oxygen atom; in which one or more of the
hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have been replaced by fluorine
atoms; and which contain one or more bonds that are not single bonds.
Unsaturated ethers include unsaturated HFEs.
Unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) means fluorinated GHGs
that contain only carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and hydrogen and that
contain one or more bonds that are not single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that
are hydrofluorocarbons and that contain one or more bonds that are not
single bonds.
Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are
perfluorocarbons and that contain one or more bonds that are not single
bonds.
* * * * *
0
5. Table A-1 to Subpart A is revised to read as follows:
Table A-1 to Subpart A of Part 98--Global Warming Potentials
[100-year time horizon]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global warming
Name CAS No. Chemical formula potential (100
yr.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical-Specific GWPs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carbon dioxide............................ 124-38-9 CO2.............................. 1
Methane................................... 74-82-8 CH4.............................. a25
Nitrous oxide............................. 10024-97-2 N2O.............................. a298
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fully Fluorinated GHGs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur hexafluoride....................... 2551-62-4 SF6.............................. a 22,800
Trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride..... 373-80-8 SF5CF3........................... 17,700
Nitrogen trifluoride...................... 7783-54-2 NF3.............................. 17,200
PFC-14 (Perfluoromethane)................. 75-73-0 CF4.............................. a 7,390
PFC-116 (Perfluoroethane)................. 76-16-4 C2F6............................. a 12,200
PFC-218 (Perfluoropropane)................ 76-19-7 C3F8............................. a 8,830
[[Page 44349]]
Perfluorocyclopropane..................... 931-91-9 C-C3F6........................... 17,340
PFC-3-1-10 (Perfluorobutane).............. 355-25-9 C4F10............................ a 8,860
PFC-318 (Perfluorocyclobutane)............ 115-25-3 C-C4F8........................... a 10,300
PFC-4-1-12 (Perfluoropentane)............. 678-26-2 C5F12............................ a 9,160
PFC-5-1-14 (Perfluorohexane, FC-72)....... 355-42-0 C6F14............................ a 9,300
PFC-9-1-18................................ 306-94-5 C10F18........................... 7,500
PFC-6-1-12................................ 335-57-9 C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3.............. b 7,820
PFC-7-1-18................................ 307-34-6 C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3.............. b 7,620
PFPMIE (HT-70)............................ NA CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3........... 10,300
Perfluorodecalin (cis).................... 60433-11-6 Z-C10F18......................... b 7,236
Perfluorodecalin (trans).................. 60433-12-7 E-C10F18......................... b 6,288
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFC-23.................................... 75-46-7 CHF3............................. a 14,800
HFC-32.................................... 75-10-5 CH2F2............................ a 675
HFC-41.................................... 593-53-3 CH3F............................. a 92
HFC-125................................... 354-33-6 C2HF5............................ a 3,500
HFC-134................................... 359-35-3 C2H2F4........................... a 1,100
HFC-134a.................................. 811-97-2 CH2FCF3.......................... a 1,430
HFC-143................................... 430-66-0 C2H3F3........................... a 353
HFC-143a.................................. 420-46-2 C2H3F3........................... a 4,470
HFC-152................................... 624-72-6 CH2FCH2F......................... 53
HFC-152a.................................. 75-37-6 CH3CHF2.......................... a 124
HFC-161................................... 353-36-6 CH3CH2F.......................... 12
HFC-227ca................................. 2252-84-8 CF3CF2CHF2....................... b 2640
HFC-227ea................................. 431-89-0 C3HF7............................ a 3,220
HFC-236cb................................. 677-56-5 CH2FCF2CF3....................... 1,340
HFC-236ea................................. 431-63-0 CHF2CHFCF3....................... 1,370
HFC-236fa................................. 690-39-1 C3H2F6........................... a 9,810
HFC-245ca................................. 679-86-7 C3H3F5........................... a 693
HFC-245cb................................. 1814-88-6 CF3CF2CH3........................ b 4,620
HFC-245ea................................. 24270-66-4 CHF2CHFCHF2...................... b 235
HFC-245eb................................. 431-31-2 CH2FCHFCF3....................... b 290
HFC-245fa................................. 460-73-1 CHF2CH2CF3....................... 1,030
HFC-263fb................................. 421-07-8 CH3CH2CF3........................ b 76
HFC-272ca................................. 420-45-1 CH3CF2CH3........................ b 144
HFC-329p.................................. 375-17-7 CHF2CF2CF2CF3.................... b 2,360
HFC-365mfc................................ 406-58-6 CH3CF2CH2CF3..................... 794
HFC-43-10mee.............................. 138495-42-8 CF3CFHCFHCF2CF3.................. a 1,640
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFE-143a.................................. 421-14-7 CH3OCF3.......................... 756
HFE-245cb2................................ 22410-44-2 CH3OCF2CF3....................... 708
HFE-254cb2................................ 425-88-7 CH3OCF2CHF2...................... 359
HFE-263fb2................................ 460-43-5 CF3CH2OCH3....................... 11
HFE-263m1; R-E-143a....................... 690-22-2 CF3OCH2CH3....................... b 29
HFE-347mcc3 (HFE-7000).................... 375-03-1 CH3OCF2CF2CF3.................... 575
HFE-347mmy1............................... 22052-84-2 CH3OCF(CF3)2..................... 343
HFE-356mec3............................... 382-34-3 CH3OCF2CHFCF3.................... 101
HFE-356mm1................................ 13171-18-1 (CF3)2CHOCH3..................... 27
HFE-356pcc3............................... 160620-20-2 CH3OCF2CF2CHF2................... 110
HFE-365mcf2............................... 22052-81-9 CF3CF2OCH2CH3.................... b 58
HFE-365mcf3............................... 378-16-5 CF3CF2CH2OCH3.................... 11
HFE-374pc2................................ 512-51-6 CH3CH2OCF2CHF2................... 557
HFE-449s1 (HFE-7100) Chemical blend....... 163702-07-6 C4F9OCH3......................... 297
163702-08-7 (CF3)2CFCF2OCH3..................
HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200) Chemical blend...... 163702-05-4 C4F9OC2H5........................ 59
163702-06-5 (CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5.................
HG'-01.................................... 73287-23-7 CH3OCF2CF2OCH3................... b 222
HG'-02.................................... 485399-46-0 CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3................ b 236
HG'-03.................................... 485399-48-2 CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3................ b 221
Difluoro(methoxy)methane.................. 359-15-9 CH3OCHF2......................... b 144
2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane.. 425-87-6 CH3OCF2CHFCl..................... b 122
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. 22052-86-4 CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3................. b 61
2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro- 920979-28-8 C12H5F19O2....................... b 56
2,5-bis[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-
(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-furan.
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane.... 380-34-7 CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3................. b 23
[[Page 44350]]
Fluoro(methoxy)methane.................... 460-22-0 CH3OCH2F......................... b 13
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane; 60598-17-6 CHF2CF2CH2OCH3................... b 0.5
Methyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFE-125................................... 3822-68-2 CHF2OCF3......................... 14,900
HFE-134 (HG-00)........................... 1691-17-4 CHF2OCHF2........................ 6,320
HFE-227ea................................. 2356-62-9 CF3CHFOCF3....................... 1,540
HFE-236ca................................. 32778-11-3 CHF2OCF2CHF2..................... b 4,240
HFE-236ca12 (HG-10)....................... 78522-47-1 CHF2OCF2OCHF2.................... 2,800
HFE-236ea2 (Desflurane)................... 57041-67-5 CHF2OCHFCF3...................... 989
HFE-236fa................................. 20193-67-3 CF3CH2OCF3....................... 487
HFE-245fa1................................ 84011-15-4 CHF2CH2OCF3...................... 286
HFE-245fa2................................ 1885-48-9 CHF2OCH2CF3...................... 659
HFE-329mcc2............................... 134769-21-4 CF3CF2OCF2CHF2................... 919
HFE-329me3................................ 428454-68-6 CF3CFHCF2OCF3.................... b 4,550
HFE-338mcf2............................... 156053-88-2 CF3CF2OCH2CF3.................... 552
HFE-338mmz1............................... 26103-08-2 CHF2OCH(CF3)2.................... 380
HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01)...................... 188690-78-0 CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2................. 1,500
HFE-347mcf2............................... 171182-95-9 CF3CF2OCH2CHF2................... 374
HFE-347mmz1 (Sevoflurane)................. 28523-86-6 (CF3)2CHOCHF2.................... c 216
HFE-347pcf2............................... 406-78-0 CHF2CF2OCH2CF3................... 580
HFE-356mff2............................... 333-36-8 CF3CH2OCH2CF3.................... b 17
HFE-356pcf2............................... 50807-77-7 CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2.................. 265
HFE-356pcf3............................... 35042-99-0 CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2.................. 502
HFE-43-10pccc (H-Galden 1040x, HG-11)..... E1730133 CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2............... 1,870
HCFE-235ca2 (Enflurane)................... 13838-16-9 CHF2OCF2CHFC1.................... b 583
HCFE-235da2 (Isoflurane).................. 26675-46-7 CHF2OCHClCF3..................... 350
HG-02..................................... 205367-61-9 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H............ b 2,730
HG-03..................................... 173350-37-3 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3- OCF2H........... b 2,850
HG-20..................................... 249932-25-0 HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H............... b 5,300
HG-21..................................... 249932-26-1 HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O-CF2H....... b 3,890
HG-30..................................... 188690-77-9 HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H............... b 7,330
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2- 3330-15-2 CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3................. b 6,490
tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane.
1,1'-Oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2- 205367-61-9 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H.............. b 4,920
tetrafluoroethane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12- 173350-37-3 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3 CF2H............. b 4,490
hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane.
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13, 173350-38-4 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H.............. b 3,630
15,15-eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-
Pentaoxapentadecane.
1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)- 84011-06-3 CHF2CHFOCF3...................... b 1,240
ethane.
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1- 37031-31-5 CH2FOCF2CF2H..................... b 871
(fluoromethoxy)ethane.
Trifluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane........... 2261-01-0 CH2FOCF3......................... b 751
Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane............ 461-63-2 CH2FOCHF2........................ b 617
Fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane.............. 462-51-1 CH2FOCH2F........................ b 130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PFC-1114; TFE............................. 116-14-3 CF2=CF2; C2F4.................... b 0.04
PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP...................... 116-15-4 C3F6; CF3CF=CF2.................. b 0.05
PFC C-1418................................ 559-40-0 c-C5F8........................... b 1.97
Perfluorobut-2-ene........................ 360-89-4 CF3CF=CFCF3...................... b 1.82
Perfluorobut-1-ene........................ 357-26-6 CF3CF2CF=CF2..................... b 0.10
Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene................... 685-63-2 CF2=CFCF=CF2..................... b 0.03
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HFC-1132a; VF2............................ 75-38-7 C2H2F2, CF2=CH2.................. b 0.04
HFC-1141; VF.............................. 75-02-5 C2H3F, CH2=CHF................... b 0.02
(E)-HFC-1225ye............................ 5595-10-8 CF3CF=CHF(E)..................... b 0.06
(Z)-HFC-1225ye............................ 5528-43-8 CF3CF=CHF(Z)..................... b 0.22
Solstice 1233zd(E)........................ 102687-65-0 C3H2ClF3; CHCl=CHCF3............. b 1.34
HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf.................... 754-12-1 C3H2F4; CF3CF=CH2................ b 0.31
HFC-1234ze(E)............................. 1645-83-6 C3H2F4; cis-CF3CH=CHF............ b 0.97
HFC-1234ze(Z)............................. 29118-25-0 C3H2F4; trans-CF3CH=CHF; b 0.29
CF3CH=CHF(Z).
HFC-1243zf; TFP........................... 677-21-4 C3H3F3, CF3CH=CH2................ b 0.12
(Z)-HFC-1336.............................. 692-49-9 CF3CH=CHCF3(Z)................... b 1.58
[[Page 44351]]
HFO-1345zfc............................... 374-27-6 C2F5CH=CH2....................... b 0.09
Capstone 42-U............................. 19430-93-4 C6H3F9, CF3(CF2)3CH=CH2.......... b 0.16
Capstone 62-U............................. 25291-17-2 C8H3F13, CF3(CF2)5CH=CH2......... b 0.11
Capstone 82-U............................. 21652-58-4 C10H3F17, CF3(CF2)7CH=CH2........ b 0.09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsaturated halogenated ethers
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PMVE; HFE-216............................. 1187-93-5 CF3OCF=CF2....................... b 0.17
Fluoroxene................................ 406-90-6 CF3CH2OCH=CH2.................... b 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorinated aldehydes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal.................. 460-40-2 CF3CH2CHO........................ b 0.01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorinated ketones
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Novec 1230 (perfluoro (2-methyl-3- 756-13-8 CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2.............. b 0.1
pentanone)).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorotelomer alcohols
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1- 185689-57-0 CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH................ b 0.43
ol.
3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol................ 2240-88-2 CF3CH2CH2OH...................... b 0.35
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9- 755-02-2 CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH................ b 0.33
Pentadecafluorononan-1-ol.
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- 87017-97-8 CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH................ b 0.19
Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trifluoroiodomethane...................... 2314-97-8 CF3I............................. b 0.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other fluorinated compounds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trifluoromethyl formate................... 85358-65-2 HCOOCF3.......................... b 588
Perfluoroethyl formate.................... 313064-40-3 HCOOCF2CF3....................... b 580
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate.......... 481631-19-0 HCOOCHFCF3....................... b 470
Perfluorobutyl formate.................... 197218-56-7 HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3................. b 392
Perfluoropropyl formate................... 271257-42-2 HCOOCF2CF2CF3.................... b 376
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate. 856766-70-6 HCOOCH(CF3)2..................... b 333
Dibromodifluoromethane (Halon 1202)....... 75-61-6 CBR2F2........................... b 231
Bis(trifluoromethyl)-methanol............. 920-66-1 (CF3)2CHOH....................... 195
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol......... 920-66-1 (CF3)2CHOH....................... b 182
Methyl carbonofluoridate.................. 1538-06-3 FCOOCH3.......................... b 95
(Octafluorotetramethy-lene) hydroxymethyl NA X-(CF2)4CH(OH)-X................. 73
group.
Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate............. 431-47-0 CF3COOCH3........................ b 52
2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol............. 422-05-9 CF3CF2CH2OH...................... 42
2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane 151-67-7 CHBrClCF3........................ b 41
(Halon-2311/Halothane).
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol....... 375-01-9 C3F7CH2OH........................ b 34
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate.............. 32042-38-9 HCOOCH2CF3....................... b 33
1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate.. 1344118-13-3 CF3COOCF2CH3..................... b 31
Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate..... 2024-86-4 CF3COOCHF2....................... b 27
1,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate....... 1344118-11-1 FCOOCF2CH3....................... b 27
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol.................... 75-89-8 CF3CH2OH......................... b 20
2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropan-1-ol.......... 422-05-9 CF3CF2CH2OH...................... b 19
2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol.......... 382-31-0 CF3CHFCF2CH2OH................... b 17
3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate............. 1344118-09-7 HCOOCH2CH2CF3.................... b 17
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol....... 375-01-9 CF3CF2CF2CH2OH................... b 16
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol............ 76-37-9 CHF2CF2CH2OH..................... b 13
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2- 407-38-5 CF3COOCH2CF3..................... b 7
trifluoroacetate.
Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate................ 433-53-4 HCF2COOCH3....................... b 3
2,2-Difluoroethanol....................... 359-13-7 CHF2CH2OH........................ b 3
Perfluoroethyl acetate.................... 343269-97-6 CH3COOCF2CF3..................... b 2.1
Trifluoromethyl acetate................... 74123-20-9 CH3COOCF3........................ b 2.0
Perfluoropropyl acetate................... 1344118-10-0 CH3COOCF2CF2CF3.................. b 1.8
Perfluorobutyl acetate.................... 209597-28-4 CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3............... b 1.6
Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate.............. 383-63-1 CF3COOCH2CH3..................... b 1.3
2-Fluoroethanol........................... 371-62-0 CH2FCH2OH........................ b 1.1
4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol................. 461-18-7 CF3(CH2)2CH2OH................... b 0.05
[[Page 44352]]
Default GWPs for Compounds for Which Chemical-Specific GWPs Are Not
Listed Above
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global warming
Fluorinated GHG group d potential (100
yr.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fully fluorinated GHGs............................... 10,000
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).................. 2,200
Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers 200
(HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs)..........
Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs.............. 2,400
Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated 1
HFCs, unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
unsaturated halogenated ethers, unsaturated
halogenated esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and
fluorinated ketones.................................
Fluorotelomer alcohols............................... 1
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s).......... 1
Other fluorinated GHGs............................... 110
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The GWP for this compound is different than the GWP in the version of
Table A-1 to subpart A of Part 98 published on October 30, 2009.
b This compound was added to Table A-1 for reporting year 2014 and
subsequent reporting years.
c The GWP for this compound was updated for reporting year 2014 and
subsequent reporting years.
d For electronics manufacturing (as defined in Sec. 98.90), the term
``fluorinated GHGs'' in the definition of each fluorinated GHG group
in Sec. 98.6 shall include fluorinated heat transfer fluids (as
defined in Sec. 98.98), whether or not they are also fluorinated
GHGs.
Subpart I--Electronics Manufacturing
0
6. Section 98.93 is amended by revising paragraph (i)(2) introductory
paragraph to read as follows:
Sec. 98.93 Calculating GHG emissions.
* * * * *
(i) * * *
(2) Method selection for stack systems in the fab. If the
calculations under paragraph (i)(1) of this section, as well as any
subsequent annual measurements and calculations under this subpart,
indicate that the stack system meets the criteria in paragraph
(i)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section, then you may comply with
either paragraph (i)(3) of this section (stack test method) or
paragraph (i)(4) of this section (method to estimate emissions from the
stack systems that are not tested). If the stack system does not meet
all three criteria in paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through (iii) of this
section, then you must comply with the stack test method specified in
paragraph (i)(3) of this section.
* * * * *
0
7. Section 98.94 is amended by:
0
a. Removing paragraph (j)(5)(ii)(C); and
0
b. Revising paragraph (j)(8)(i).
The revision reads as follows:
Sec. 98.94 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.
* * * * *
(j) * * *
(8) * * *
(i) Annual consumption of a fluorinated GHG used during the most
recent emissions test (expressed in CO2e) changes by more
than 10 percent of the total annual fluorinated GHG consumption,
relative to gas consumption in CO2e for that gas during the
year of the most recent emissions test (for example, if the use of a
single gas goes from 25 percent of CO2e to greater than 35
percent of CO2e, this change would trigger a re-test).
* * * * *
0
8. Section 98.96 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the parameter ``GWPi'' of Equation I-26 in
introductory paragraph (r);
0
b. Revising the parameters ``GWPi'' and ``GWPk''
of Equation I-27 in paragraph (r)(1);
0
c. Revising the parameters ``GWPi'' and ``GWPk''
of Equation I-28 in paragraph (r)(2); and
0
d. Revising paragraph (x).
The revisions read as follows:
Sec. 98.96 Data reporting requirements.
* * * * *
(r) * * *
* * * * *
GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated GHG i from Table A-1
of this part.
* * * * *
(1) * * *
* * * * *
GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated GHG i from Table A-1
of this part.
GWPk = GWP of emitted fluorinated GHG by-product k, from
Table A-1 of this part.
* * * * *
(2) * * *
* * * * *
GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated GHG i from Table A-1
of this part.
GWPk = GWP of emitted fluorinated GHG by-product k, from
Table A-1 of this part.
* * * * *
(x) If the emissions you report under paragraph (c) of this section
include emissions from research and development activities, as defined
in Sec. 98.6, report the approximate percentage of total GHG
emissions, on a metric ton CO2e basis, that are attributable
to research and development activities, using the following ranges:
less than 5 percent, 5 percent to less than 10 percent, 10 percent to
less than 25 percent, 25 percent to less than 50 percent, 50 percent
and higher.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2014-17963 Filed 7-30-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
