Energy Conservation Program: Data Collection and Comparison With Forecasted Unit Sales of Five Lamp Types, 15058-15061 [2014-05776]
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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 52 / Tuesday, March 18, 2014 / Proposed Rules
(10) Suballocation by the State
Director. Suballocation by the State
Director is authorized for this program.
(b) Conditions for not allocating
program funds to the States. The
Agency may elect to not allocate VAPG
program funds to the States whenever
one of the conditions identified in
paragraphs (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section
occurs.
(1) Funds allocated in a fiscal year to
VAPG are insufficient, as provided for
in § 1940.552(a) of this subpart.
(2) The Agency determines that it is
in the best financial interest of the
Federal Government not to make a State
allocation for VAPG and that the
exercise of this determination is not in
conflict with applicable law.
■ 6. Section 1940.593 is revised to read
as follows:
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§ 1940.593 Other Rural BusinessCooperative Service Programs.
If the Agency determines that it is in
the best interest of the Federal
government to allocate funds to States
for existing RBS programs other than
those identified in §§ 1940.588 through
1940.590 of this subpart and for
programs new to RBS (e.g., through new
legislation), the Agency will use the
process identified in paragraph (a) or (b)
of this section.
(a) If the Agency determines that one
of the State allocation procedures in
§ 1940.588, § 1940.589, or § 1940.590 is
appropriate for the program, the Agency
will publish a Federal Register notice
identifying the program and which State
allocation procedure will be used for the
program.
(b) If the Agency determines that none
of the procedures specified in
§ 1940.588, § 1940.589, or § 1940.590 is
appropriate for the program, the Agency
will implement the following steps:
(1) The Agency will either develop a
preliminary state allocation formula and
administrative procedures specific to
the requirements of the new program or
use whichever of the three procedures
in § 1940.588, § 1940.589, or § 1940.590
the Agency determines most closely
matches the purpose of the program.
The Agency will publish in the Federal
Register the state allocation formula and
adminstrative procedures that it will use
initially for the new program.
(2) The Agency will develop a state
allocation formula and administrative
provisions specific to the new program
and publish them as a proposed rule
change to this part in the Federal
Register for public comment.
(3) Until the program’s state allocation
formula and administrative
requirements are finalized, the Agency
will use the preliminary state allocation
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formula established under paragraph
(b)(1) of this section to make state
allocations and administer the new
program.
Dated: March 4, 2014.
Doug O’Brien,
Deputy Under Secretary, Rural Development.
Dated: February 27, 2014.
Michael Scuse,
Under Secretary, Farm and Foreign
Agricultural Services.
[FR Doc. 2014–05491 Filed 3–17–14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410–XY–P
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies, EE–5B, 1000
Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 287–1604. Email: five_
lamp_types@ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–71, 1000 Independence Avenue
SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–9507. Email:
Eric.Stas@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EERE–2011–BT–NOA–0013]
Energy Conservation Program: Data
Collection and Comparison With
Forecasted Unit Sales of Five Lamp
Types
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of data availability.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) is informing the public of
its collection of shipment data and
creation of spreadsheet models to
provide comparisons between actual
and benchmark estimate unit sales of
five lamp types (i.e., rough service
lamps, vibration service lamps, 3-way
incandescent lamps, 2,601–3,300 lumen
general service incandescent lamps, and
shatter-resistant lamps) that are
currently exempt from energy
conservation standards. As the actual
sales do not exceed the forecasted
estimate by 100 percent for any lamp
type (i.e., the threshold triggering a
rulemaking for an energy conservation
standard for that lamp type has not been
exceeded), DOE has determined that no
regulatory action is necessary at this
time. However, DOE will continue to
track sales data for these exempted
lamps. Relating to this activity, DOE has
prepared, and is making available on its
Web site, a spreadsheet showing the
comparisons of anticipated versus
actual sales, as well as the model used
to generate the original sales estimates.
The spreadsheet is available online:
https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/product.aspx/
productid/63.
DATES: As of March 18, 2014, the DOE
has determined that no regulatory action
is necessary at this time.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms.
Lucy deButts, U.S. Department of
SUMMARY:
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I. Background
II. Definitions
A. Rough Service Lamps
B. Vibration Service Lamps
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
D. 2,601–3,300 Lumen General Service
Incandescent Lamps
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
III. Comparison Methodology
IV. Comparison Results
A. Rough Service Lamps
B. Vibration Service Lamps
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
D. 2,601–3,300 Lumen General Service
Incandescent Lamps
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
V. Conclusion
I. Background
The Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007; Pub.
L. 110–140) was enacted on December
19, 2007. Among the requirements of
subtitle B (Lighting Energy Efficiency) of
title III of EISA 2007 were provisions
directing DOE to collect, analyze, and
monitor unit sales of five lamp types
(i.e., rough service lamps, vibration
service lamps, 3-way incandescent
lamps, 2,601–3,300 lumen general
service incandescent lamps, and shatterresistant lamps). In relevant part,
section 321(a)(3)(B) of EISA 2007
amended section 325(l) of the Energy
Policy and Conservation Act of 1975
(EPCA) by adding paragraph (4)(B),
which generally directs DOE, in
consultation with the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA), to:
(1) collect unit sales data for each of the
five lamp types for calendar years 1990
through 2006 in order to determine the
historical growth rate for each lamp
type; and (2) construct a model for each
of the five lamp types based on
coincident economic indicators that
closely match the historical annual
growth rates of each lamp type to
provide a neutral comparison
benchmark estimate of future unit sales.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(l)(4)(B)) Section
321(a)(3)(B) of EISA 2007 also amends
section 325(l) of EPCA by adding
paragraph (4)(C), which, in relevant
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part, directs DOE to collect unit sales
data for calendar years 2010 through
2025, in consultation with NEMA, for
each of the five lamp types. DOE must
then compare the actual lamp sales in
that year with the benchmark estimate,
determine if the unit sales projection
has been exceeded, and issue the
findings within 90 days after the end of
the analyzed calendar year. (42 U.S.C.
6295(l)(4)(C))
On December 18, 2008, DOE issued a
notice of data availability (NODA) for
the Report on Data Collection and
Estimated Future Unit Sales of Five
Lamp Types (hereafter the ‘‘2008
analysis’’), which was published in the
Federal Register on December 24, 2008.
73 FR 79072. The 2008 analysis
presented the 1990 through 2006
shipment data collected in consultation
with NEMA, the spreadsheet model
DOE constructed for each lamp type,
and the benchmark unit sales estimates
for 2010 through 2025. On April 4,
2011, DOE published a NODA in the
Federal Register (hereafter the ‘‘2010
comparison’’) announcing the
availability of updated spreadsheet
models presenting the benchmark
estimates from the 2008 analysis and the
collected sales data from 2010 for the
first annual comparison. 76 FR 18425.
Similarly, DOE published NODAs in the
Federal Register on March 20, 2012 and
March 13, 2013, announcing the
updated spreadsheet models and sales
data related to the respective subsequent
annual comparisons. 77 FR 16183; 78
FR 15891. Today’s NODA presents the
fourth annual comparison; specifically,
section IV of this report compares the
actual unit sales against benchmark unit
sales estimates for 2013.1
EISA 2007 also amends section 325(l)
of EPCA by adding paragraphs (4)(D)
through (4)(H) which state that if DOE
finds that the unit sales for a given lamp
type in any year between 2010 and 2025
exceed the benchmark estimate of unit
sales by at least 100 percent (i.e., more
than double the anticipated sales), then
DOE must take regulatory action to
establish an energy conservation
standard for such lamps. (42 U.S.C.
6295(l)(4)(D)–(H)) For 2,601–3,300
lumen general service incandescent
lamps, DOE must adopt a statutorily
prescribed energy conservation
standard, and for the other four types of
lamps, the statute requires DOE to
initiate an accelerated rulemaking to
establish energy conservation standards.
1 The notices and related documents for the 2008
analysis and successive annual comparisons,
including this NODA, are available through the
DOE Web site at: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/
buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/
productid/63.
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If the Secretary does not complete the
accelerated rulemakings within one year
of the end of the previous calendar year,
there is a ‘‘backstop requirement’’ for
each lamp type, which would establish
energy conservation standard levels and
related requirements by statute. Id.
As in the 2008 analysis and previous
comparisons, DOE uses manufacturer
shipments as a surrogate for unit sales
in this NODA because manufacturer
shipment data are tracked and
aggregated by the trade organization,
NEMA. DOE believes that annual
shipments track closely with actual unit
sales of these five lamp types, as DOE
presumes that retailer inventories
remain constant from year to year. DOE
believes this is a reasonable assumption
because the markets for these five lamp
types have existed for many years,
thereby enabling manufacturers and
retailers to establish appropriate
inventory levels that reflect market
demand. Furthermore, in the long run,
unit sales could not increase in any one
year without manufacturer shipments
increasing either that year or the
following one. In either case, increasing
unit sales must eventually result in
increasing manufacturer shipments.
This is the same methodology presented
in DOE’s 2008 analysis and subsequent
annual comparisons, and the
Department did not receive any
comments challenging this assumption
or the general approach.
II. Definitions
A. Rough Service Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007
amended section 321(30) of EPCA by
adding the definition of a ‘‘rough service
lamp.’’ The statutory definition reads as
follows: ‘‘The term ‘rough service lamp’
means a lamp that—(i) has a minimum
of 5 supports with filament
configurations that are C–7A, C–11, C–
17, and C–22 as listed in Figure 6–12 of
the 9th edition of the IESNA
[Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America] Lighting handbook, or
similar configurations where lead wires
are not counted as supports; and (ii) is
designated and marketed specifically for
‘rough service’ applications, with—(I)
the designation appearing on the lamp
packaging; and (II) marketing materials
that identify the lamp as being for rough
service.’’ (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(X))
As noted above, rough service
incandescent lamps must have a
minimum of five filament support wires
(not counting the two connecting leads
at the beginning and end of the
filament), and must be designated and
marketed for ‘‘rough service’’
applications. This type of incandescent
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lamp is typically used in applications
where the lamp would be subject to
mechanical shock or vibration while it
is operating. Standard incandescent
lamps have only two support wires
(which also serve as conductors), one at
each end of the filament coil. When
operating (i.e., when the tungsten
filament is glowing so hot that it emits
light), a standard incandescent lamp’s
filament is brittle, and rough service
applications could cause it to break
prematurely. To address this problem,
lamp manufacturers developed lamp
designs that incorporate additional
support wires along the length of the
filament to ensure that it has support
not just at each end, but at several other
points as well. The additional support
protects the filament during operation
and enables longer operating life for
incandescent lamps in rough service
applications. Typical applications for
these rough service lamps might include
commercial hallways and stairwells,
gyms, storage areas, and security areas.
B. Vibration Service Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007
amended section 321(30) of EPCA by
adding the definition of a ‘‘vibration
service lamp.’’ The statutory definition
reads as follows: ‘‘The term ‘vibration
service lamp’ means a lamp that—(i) has
filament configurations that are C–5, C–
7A, or C–9, as listed in Figure 6–12 of
the 9th Edition of the IESNA Lighting
Handbook or similar configurations; (ii)
has a maximum wattage of 60 watts; (iii)
is sold at retail in packages of 2 lamps
or less; and (iv) is designated and
marketed specifically for vibration
service or vibration-resistant
applications, with—(I) the designation
appearing on the lamp packaging; and
(II) marketing materials that identify the
lamp as being vibration service only.’’
(42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(AA))
The statute mentions three examples
of filament configurations for vibration
service lamps in Figure 6–12 of the
IESNA Lighting Handbook, one of
which (i.e., C–7A) is also listed in the
statutory definition of ‘‘rough service
lamp.’’ The definition of ‘‘vibration
service lamp’’ requires that such lamps
have a maximum wattage of 60 watts
and be sold at a retail level in packages
of two lamps or fewer. Similar to rough
service lamps, vibration service lamps
must be designated and marketed for
vibration service or vibration-resistant
applications. As the name suggests, this
type of incandescent lamp is generally
used in applications where the
incandescent lamp would be subject to
a continuous low level of vibration,
such as in a ceiling fan light kit. In such
applications, standard incandescent
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lamps without additional filament
support wires may not achieve the full
rated life, because the filament wire is
brittle and would be subject to breakage
at typical operating temperature. To
address this problem, lamp
manufacturers typically use a more
malleable tungsten filament to avoid
damage and short circuits between coils.
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007
amended section 321(30) of EPCA by
adding the definition of a ‘‘3-way
incandescent lamp.’’ The statutory
definition reads as follows: ‘‘The term
‘3-way incandescent lamp’ includes an
incandescent lamp that—(i) employs 2
filaments, operated separately and in
combination, to provide 3 light levels;
and (ii) is designated on the lamp
packaging and marketing materials as
being a 3-way incandescent lamp.’’ (42
U.S.C. 6291(30)(Y))
Three-way lamps are commonly
found in wattage combinations such as
50, 100, and 150 watts or 30, 70, and
100 watts. These lamps use two
filaments (e.g., a 30-watt and a 70-watt
filament) and can be operated separately
or together to produce three different
lumen outputs (e.g., 305 lumens with
one filament, 995 lumens with the
other, or 1,300 lumens using the
filaments together). When used in threeway sockets, these lamps allow users to
control the light level. Three-way
incandescent lamps are typically used
in residential multi-purpose areas,
where consumers may adjust the light
level to be appropriate for the task they
are performing.
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D. 2,601–3,300 Lumen General Service
Incandescent Lamps
The statute does not provide a
definition of ‘‘2,601–3,300 Lumen
General Service Incandescent Lamps’’;
however, DOE is interpreting this term
to be a general service incandescent
lamp 2 that emits light between 2,601
and 3,300 lumens. Lamps on the market
that emit light within this lumen range
are immediately recognizable because,
as required by the Energy Policy Act of
1992, Public Law 102–486, all general
service incandescent lamps must be
labeled with lamp lumen output.3 These
2 ‘‘General service incandescent lamp’’ is defined
as a standard incandescent or halogen type lamp
that—(I) is intended for general service
applications; (II) has a medium screw base; (III) has
a lumen range of not less than 310 lumens and not
more than 2,600 lumens; and (IV) is capable of
being operated at a voltage range at least partially
within 110 and 130 volts. (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(D))
3 The Federal Trade Commission issued the lamp
labeling requirements in 1994 (see 59 FR 25176
(May 13, 1994)). Further amendments were made to
the lamp labeling requirements in 2007 (see 16 CFR
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lamps are used in general service
applications when high light output is
needed.
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007
amended section 321(30) of EPCA by
adding the definition of a ‘‘shatterresistant lamp, shatter-proof lamp, or
shatter-protected lamp.’’ The statutory
definition reads as follows: ‘‘The terms
‘shatter-resistant lamp,’ ‘shatter-proof
lamp,’ and ‘shatter-protected lamp’
mean a lamp that—(i) has a coating or
equivalent technology that is compliant
with [National Sanitation Foundation/
American National Standards Institute]
NSF/ANSI 51 and is designed to contain
the glass if the glass envelope of the
lamp is broken; and (ii) is designated
and marketed for the intended
application, with—(I) the designation on
the lamp packaging; and (II) marketing
materials that identify the lamp as being
shatter-resistant, shatter-proof, or
shatter-protected.’’ (42 U.S.C.
6291(30)(Z)) Although the definition
provides three names commonly used to
refer to these lamps, DOE simply refers
to them collectively as ‘‘shatter-resistant
lamps.’’
Shatter-resistant lamps incorporate a
special coating designed to prevent glass
shards from being dispersed if a lamp’s
glass envelope breaks. Shatter-resistant
lamps incorporate a coating compliant
with industry standard NSF/ANSI 51,4
‘‘Food Equipment Materials,’’ and are
labeled and marketed as shatterresistant, shatter-proof, or shatterprotected. Some types of the coatings
can also protect the lamp from breakage
in applications subject to heat and
thermal shock that may occur from
water, sleet, snow, soldering, or
welding.
III. Comparison Methodology
In the 2008 analysis, DOE reviewed
each of the five sets of shipment data
that were collected in consultation with
NEMA and applied two curve fits to
generate unit sales estimates for the five
lamp types after calendar year 2006.
One curve fit applied a linear regression
to the historical data and extended that
line into the future. The other curve fit
applied an exponential growth function
to the shipment data and projected unit
sales into the future. For this
calculation, linear regression treats the
305.15(b); 72 FR 49948, 49971–72 (August 29,
2007)). The package must display the lamp’s light
output (in lumens), energy use (in watts), and lamp
life (in hours).
4 NSF/ANSI 51 applies specifically to materials
and coatings used in the manufacturing of
equipment and objects destined for contact with
foodstuffs.
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year as a dependent variable and
shipments as the independent variable.
The linear regression curve fit is
modeled by minimizing the differences
among the data points and the best
curve-fit linear line using the least
squares function.5 The exponential
curve fit is also a regression function
and uses the same least squares function
to find the best fit. For some data sets,
an exponential curve provides a better
characterization of the historical data,
and, therefore, a better projection of the
future data.
For 3-way incandescent lamps, 2,601–
3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamps, and shatterresistant lamps, DOE found that the
linear regression and exponential
growth curve fits produced nearly the
same estimates of unit sales (i.e., the
difference between the two forecasted
values was less than 1 or 2 percent).
However, for rough service and
vibration service lamps, the linear
regression curve fit projected lamp unit
sales would decline to zero for both
lamp types by 2018. In contrast, the
exponential growth curve fit projected a
more gradual decline in unit sales, such
that lamps would still be sold beyond
2018, and it was, therefore, considered
the more realistic forecast. While DOE
was satisfied that either the linear
regression or exponential growth
spreadsheet model generated a
reasonable benchmark unit sales
estimate for 3-way incandescent lamps,
2,601–3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamps, and shatterresistant lamps, DOE selected the
exponential growth curve fit for these
lamp types for consistency with the
selection made for rough service and
vibration service lamps.6 DOE examines
the benchmark unit sales estimates and
actual sales for each of the five lamp
types in the following section and also
makes the comparisons available in a
spreadsheet online: https://
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/product.aspx/
productid/63.
IV. Comparison Results
A. Rough Service Lamps
For rough service lamps, the
exponential growth forecast projected
5 The least squares function is an analytical tool
that DOE uses to minimize the sum of the squared
residual differences between the actual historical
data points and the modeled value (i.e., the linear
curve fit). In minimizing this value, the resulting
curve fit will represent the best fit possible to the
data provided.
6 This selection is consistent with the previous
annual comparisons. See DOE’s 2008 forecast
spreadsheet models of the lamp types for greater
detail of the estimates.
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the benchmark unit sales estimate for
2013 to be 5,495,000 units. The NEMAprovided shipment data reported
shipments of 6,237,000 rough service
lamps in 2013. As this finding exceeds
the estimate by only 13.5 percent, DOE
will continue to track rough service
lamp sales data and will not initiate
regulatory action for this lamp type at
this time.
B. Vibration Service Lamps
For vibration service lamps, the
exponential growth forecast projected
the benchmark unit sales estimate for
2013 to be 2,871,000 units. The NEMAprovided shipment data reported
shipments of 1,407,000 vibration service
lamps in 2013. As this finding is only
49.0 percent of the estimate, DOE will
continue to track vibration service lamp
sales data and will not initiate
regulatory action for this lamp type at
this time.
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
For 3-way incandescent lamps, the
exponential growth forecast projected
the benchmark unit sales estimate for
2013 to be 49,617,000 units. The NEMAprovided shipment data reported
shipments of 34,773,000 3-way
incandescent lamps in 2013. As this
finding is only 70.1 percent of the
estimate, DOE will continue to track 3way incandescent lamp sales data and
will not initiate regulatory action for
this lamp type at this time.
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D. 2,601–3,300 Lumen General Service
Incandescent Lamps
For 2,601–3,300 lumen general
service incandescent lamps, the
exponential growth forecast projected
the benchmark unit sales estimate for
2013 to be 34,044,000 units. The NEMAprovided shipment data reported
shipments of 9,296,000 2,601–3,300
lumen general service incandescent
lamps in 2013. As this finding is 27.3
percent of the estimate, DOE will
continue to track 2,601–3,300 lumen
general service incandescent lamp sales
data and will not initiate regulatory
action for this lamp type at this time.
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
For shatter-resistant lamps, the
exponential growth forecast projected
the benchmark unit sales estimate for
2013 to be 1,667,000 units. The NEMAprovided shipment data reported
shipments of 1,093,000 shatter-resistant
lamps in 2013. As this finding is only
65.6 percent of the estimate, DOE will
continue to track shatter-resistant lamp
sales data and will not initiate
regulatory action for this lamp type at
this time.
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V. Conclusion
None of the shipments for rough
service lamps, vibration service lamps,
3-way incandescent lamps, 2,601–3,300
lumen general service incandescent
lamps, or shatter-resistant lamps crossed
the statutory threshold for a standard.
DOE will continue to monitor these five
currently exempted lamp types and will
assess 2014 sales by March 31, 2015, in
order to determine whether an energy
conservation standards rulemaking is
required, consistent with 42 U.S.C.
6295(l)(4)(D)–(H).
Issued in Washington, DC, on March 11,
2014.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy.
[FR Doc. 2014–05776 Filed 3–17–14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–STD–0040]
RIN 1904–AC83
Energy Efficiency Program for
Consumer Products: Energy
Conservation Standards for
Commercial and Industrial Air
Compressors
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy (DOE).
ACTION: Notice of public meeting and
extension of public comment period.
AGENCY:
This document announces a
new date for the March 3, 2014, public
meeting that was postponed due to
inclement weather, and an extension of
the time period for submitting
comments concerning the February 5,
2014, Framework Document about
whether to establish energy
conservation standards for commercial
and industrial air compressors. The
public meeting has been rescheduled for
April 1, 2014. The comment period is
extended to April 22, 2014.
DATES: DOE will hold a public meeting
on April 1, 2014, from 9:00 a.m. to 3:30
p.m., in Washington, DC. In addition,
DOE plans to broadcast the public
meeting via webinar. You may attend
the public meeting either in person or
via webinar. Registration information,
participant instructions, and also
information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be
published in advance on DOE’s Web site
at: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/
buildings/appliance_standards/
SUMMARY:
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rulemaking.aspx/ruleid/58. Webinar
participants are responsible for ensuring
their systems are compatible with the
webinar software.
The comment period for submissions
regarding the Framework Document has
been extended to April 22, 2014.
ADDRESSES: Meeting: The public
meeting will be held at the U.S.
Department of Energy, Forrestal
Building, Room 8E–089, 1000
Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Please note that any visitor with a
personal computer who enters the
Forrestal Building is required to be
screened and to obtain a property pass
upon entry. Such visitors should allow
45 minutes for the screening process. As
noted above, persons may also attend
the public meeting via webinar.
Comments: DOE will accept written
comments, data, and other related
information about the Framework
Document before and after the public
meeting, but not later than April 22,
2014. Interested parties are encouraged
to submit comments electronically.
However, comments may be submitted
by any of the following methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal:
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• Email:
Compressors2013STD0040@ee.doe.gov.
Include docket number EERE–2013–BT–
STD–0040 and/or regulation identifier
number (RIN) 1904–AC83 in the subject
line of the message. All comments
should clearly identify the name,
address, and, if appropriate,
organization of the commenter. Submit
electronic comments either in
WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, portable
document format (PDF), or American
Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII) file format, and
avoid the use of special characters or
any form of encryption.
• Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards,
U.S. Department of Energy, Building
Technologies Office, Mailstop EE–5B,
Framework Document for Commercial
and Industrial Air Compressors, Docket
No. EERE–2013–BT–STD–0040 and/or
RIN 1904–AC83, 1000 Independence
Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–
0121. If possible, please submit all items
on a compact disc (CD), in which case
it is not necessary to include printed
copies. [Please note that comments sent
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• Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda
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Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW.,
Washington, DC 20024. Telephone:
E:\FR\FM\18MRP1.SGM
18MRP1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 52 (Tuesday, March 18, 2014)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 15058-15061]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-05776]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EERE-2011-BT-NOA-0013]
Energy Conservation Program: Data Collection and Comparison With
Forecasted Unit Sales of Five Lamp Types
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of data availability.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is informing the public of
its collection of shipment data and creation of spreadsheet models to
provide comparisons between actual and benchmark estimate unit sales of
five lamp types (i.e., rough service lamps, vibration service lamps, 3-
way incandescent lamps, 2,601-3,300 lumen general service incandescent
lamps, and shatter-resistant lamps) that are currently exempt from
energy conservation standards. As the actual sales do not exceed the
forecasted estimate by 100 percent for any lamp type (i.e., the
threshold triggering a rulemaking for an energy conservation standard
for that lamp type has not been exceeded), DOE has determined that no
regulatory action is necessary at this time. However, DOE will continue
to track sales data for these exempted lamps. Relating to this
activity, DOE has prepared, and is making available on its Web site, a
spreadsheet showing the comparisons of anticipated versus actual sales,
as well as the model used to generate the original sales estimates. The
spreadsheet is available online: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/63.
DATES: As of March 18, 2014, the DOE has determined that no regulatory
action is necessary at this time.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Lucy deButts, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies, EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 287-1604. Email: five_lamp_types@ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-71, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-9507. Email: Eric.Stas@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Background
II. Definitions
A. Rough Service Lamps
B. Vibration Service Lamps
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
D. 2,601-3,300 Lumen General Service Incandescent Lamps
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
III. Comparison Methodology
IV. Comparison Results
A. Rough Service Lamps
B. Vibration Service Lamps
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
D. 2,601-3,300 Lumen General Service Incandescent Lamps
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
V. Conclusion
I. Background
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007; Pub.
L. 110-140) was enacted on December 19, 2007. Among the requirements of
subtitle B (Lighting Energy Efficiency) of title III of EISA 2007 were
provisions directing DOE to collect, analyze, and monitor unit sales of
five lamp types (i.e., rough service lamps, vibration service lamps, 3-
way incandescent lamps, 2,601-3,300 lumen general service incandescent
lamps, and shatter-resistant lamps). In relevant part, section
321(a)(3)(B) of EISA 2007 amended section 325(l) of the Energy Policy
and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA) by adding paragraph (4)(B), which
generally directs DOE, in consultation with the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA), to: (1) collect unit sales data for
each of the five lamp types for calendar years 1990 through 2006 in
order to determine the historical growth rate for each lamp type; and
(2) construct a model for each of the five lamp types based on
coincident economic indicators that closely match the historical annual
growth rates of each lamp type to provide a neutral comparison
benchmark estimate of future unit sales. (42 U.S.C. 6295(l)(4)(B))
Section 321(a)(3)(B) of EISA 2007 also amends section 325(l) of EPCA by
adding paragraph (4)(C), which, in relevant
[[Page 15059]]
part, directs DOE to collect unit sales data for calendar years 2010
through 2025, in consultation with NEMA, for each of the five lamp
types. DOE must then compare the actual lamp sales in that year with
the benchmark estimate, determine if the unit sales projection has been
exceeded, and issue the findings within 90 days after the end of the
analyzed calendar year. (42 U.S.C. 6295(l)(4)(C))
On December 18, 2008, DOE issued a notice of data availability
(NODA) for the Report on Data Collection and Estimated Future Unit
Sales of Five Lamp Types (hereafter the ``2008 analysis''), which was
published in the Federal Register on December 24, 2008. 73 FR 79072.
The 2008 analysis presented the 1990 through 2006 shipment data
collected in consultation with NEMA, the spreadsheet model DOE
constructed for each lamp type, and the benchmark unit sales estimates
for 2010 through 2025. On April 4, 2011, DOE published a NODA in the
Federal Register (hereafter the ``2010 comparison'') announcing the
availability of updated spreadsheet models presenting the benchmark
estimates from the 2008 analysis and the collected sales data from 2010
for the first annual comparison. 76 FR 18425. Similarly, DOE published
NODAs in the Federal Register on March 20, 2012 and March 13, 2013,
announcing the updated spreadsheet models and sales data related to the
respective subsequent annual comparisons. 77 FR 16183; 78 FR 15891.
Today's NODA presents the fourth annual comparison; specifically,
section IV of this report compares the actual unit sales against
benchmark unit sales estimates for 2013.\1\
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\1\ The notices and related documents for the 2008 analysis and
successive annual comparisons, including this NODA, are available
through the DOE Web site at: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/63.
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EISA 2007 also amends section 325(l) of EPCA by adding paragraphs
(4)(D) through (4)(H) which state that if DOE finds that the unit sales
for a given lamp type in any year between 2010 and 2025 exceed the
benchmark estimate of unit sales by at least 100 percent (i.e., more
than double the anticipated sales), then DOE must take regulatory
action to establish an energy conservation standard for such lamps. (42
U.S.C. 6295(l)(4)(D)-(H)) For 2,601-3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamps, DOE must adopt a statutorily prescribed energy
conservation standard, and for the other four types of lamps, the
statute requires DOE to initiate an accelerated rulemaking to establish
energy conservation standards. If the Secretary does not complete the
accelerated rulemakings within one year of the end of the previous
calendar year, there is a ``backstop requirement'' for each lamp type,
which would establish energy conservation standard levels and related
requirements by statute. Id.
As in the 2008 analysis and previous comparisons, DOE uses
manufacturer shipments as a surrogate for unit sales in this NODA
because manufacturer shipment data are tracked and aggregated by the
trade organization, NEMA. DOE believes that annual shipments track
closely with actual unit sales of these five lamp types, as DOE
presumes that retailer inventories remain constant from year to year.
DOE believes this is a reasonable assumption because the markets for
these five lamp types have existed for many years, thereby enabling
manufacturers and retailers to establish appropriate inventory levels
that reflect market demand. Furthermore, in the long run, unit sales
could not increase in any one year without manufacturer shipments
increasing either that year or the following one. In either case,
increasing unit sales must eventually result in increasing manufacturer
shipments. This is the same methodology presented in DOE's 2008
analysis and subsequent annual comparisons, and the Department did not
receive any comments challenging this assumption or the general
approach.
II. Definitions
A. Rough Service Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007 amended section 321(30) of EPCA
by adding the definition of a ``rough service lamp.'' The statutory
definition reads as follows: ``The term `rough service lamp' means a
lamp that--(i) has a minimum of 5 supports with filament configurations
that are C-7A, C-11, C-17, and C-22 as listed in Figure 6-12 of the 9th
edition of the IESNA [Illuminating Engineering Society of North
America] Lighting handbook, or similar configurations where lead wires
are not counted as supports; and (ii) is designated and marketed
specifically for `rough service' applications, with--(I) the
designation appearing on the lamp packaging; and (II) marketing
materials that identify the lamp as being for rough service.'' (42
U.S.C. 6291(30)(X))
As noted above, rough service incandescent lamps must have a
minimum of five filament support wires (not counting the two connecting
leads at the beginning and end of the filament), and must be designated
and marketed for ``rough service'' applications. This type of
incandescent lamp is typically used in applications where the lamp
would be subject to mechanical shock or vibration while it is
operating. Standard incandescent lamps have only two support wires
(which also serve as conductors), one at each end of the filament coil.
When operating (i.e., when the tungsten filament is glowing so hot that
it emits light), a standard incandescent lamp's filament is brittle,
and rough service applications could cause it to break prematurely. To
address this problem, lamp manufacturers developed lamp designs that
incorporate additional support wires along the length of the filament
to ensure that it has support not just at each end, but at several
other points as well. The additional support protects the filament
during operation and enables longer operating life for incandescent
lamps in rough service applications. Typical applications for these
rough service lamps might include commercial hallways and stairwells,
gyms, storage areas, and security areas.
B. Vibration Service Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007 amended section 321(30) of EPCA
by adding the definition of a ``vibration service lamp.'' The statutory
definition reads as follows: ``The term `vibration service lamp' means
a lamp that--(i) has filament configurations that are C-5, C-7A, or C-
9, as listed in Figure 6-12 of the 9th Edition of the IESNA Lighting
Handbook or similar configurations; (ii) has a maximum wattage of 60
watts; (iii) is sold at retail in packages of 2 lamps or less; and (iv)
is designated and marketed specifically for vibration service or
vibration-resistant applications, with--(I) the designation appearing
on the lamp packaging; and (II) marketing materials that identify the
lamp as being vibration service only.'' (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(AA))
The statute mentions three examples of filament configurations for
vibration service lamps in Figure 6-12 of the IESNA Lighting Handbook,
one of which (i.e., C-7A) is also listed in the statutory definition of
``rough service lamp.'' The definition of ``vibration service lamp''
requires that such lamps have a maximum wattage of 60 watts and be sold
at a retail level in packages of two lamps or fewer. Similar to rough
service lamps, vibration service lamps must be designated and marketed
for vibration service or vibration-resistant applications. As the name
suggests, this type of incandescent lamp is generally used in
applications where the incandescent lamp would be subject to a
continuous low level of vibration, such as in a ceiling fan light kit.
In such applications, standard incandescent
[[Page 15060]]
lamps without additional filament support wires may not achieve the
full rated life, because the filament wire is brittle and would be
subject to breakage at typical operating temperature. To address this
problem, lamp manufacturers typically use a more malleable tungsten
filament to avoid damage and short circuits between coils.
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007 amended section 321(30) of EPCA
by adding the definition of a ``3-way incandescent lamp.'' The
statutory definition reads as follows: ``The term `3-way incandescent
lamp' includes an incandescent lamp that--(i) employs 2 filaments,
operated separately and in combination, to provide 3 light levels; and
(ii) is designated on the lamp packaging and marketing materials as
being a 3-way incandescent lamp.'' (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(Y))
Three-way lamps are commonly found in wattage combinations such as
50, 100, and 150 watts or 30, 70, and 100 watts. These lamps use two
filaments (e.g., a 30-watt and a 70-watt filament) and can be operated
separately or together to produce three different lumen outputs (e.g.,
305 lumens with one filament, 995 lumens with the other, or 1,300
lumens using the filaments together). When used in three-way sockets,
these lamps allow users to control the light level. Three-way
incandescent lamps are typically used in residential multi-purpose
areas, where consumers may adjust the light level to be appropriate for
the task they are performing.
D. 2,601-3,300 Lumen General Service Incandescent Lamps
The statute does not provide a definition of ``2,601-3,300 Lumen
General Service Incandescent Lamps''; however, DOE is interpreting this
term to be a general service incandescent lamp \2\ that emits light
between 2,601 and 3,300 lumens. Lamps on the market that emit light
within this lumen range are immediately recognizable because, as
required by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486, all
general service incandescent lamps must be labeled with lamp lumen
output.\3\ These lamps are used in general service applications when
high light output is needed.
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\2\ ``General service incandescent lamp'' is defined as a
standard incandescent or halogen type lamp that--(I) is intended for
general service applications; (II) has a medium screw base; (III)
has a lumen range of not less than 310 lumens and not more than
2,600 lumens; and (IV) is capable of being operated at a voltage
range at least partially within 110 and 130 volts. (42 U.S.C.
6291(30)(D))
\3\ The Federal Trade Commission issued the lamp labeling
requirements in 1994 (see 59 FR 25176 (May 13, 1994)). Further
amendments were made to the lamp labeling requirements in 2007 (see
16 CFR 305.15(b); 72 FR 49948, 49971-72 (August 29, 2007)). The
package must display the lamp's light output (in lumens), energy use
(in watts), and lamp life (in hours).
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E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
Section 321(a)(1)(B) of EISA 2007 amended section 321(30) of EPCA
by adding the definition of a ``shatter-resistant lamp, shatter-proof
lamp, or shatter-protected lamp.'' The statutory definition reads as
follows: ``The terms `shatter-resistant lamp,' `shatter-proof lamp,'
and `shatter-protected lamp' mean a lamp that--(i) has a coating or
equivalent technology that is compliant with [National Sanitation
Foundation/American National Standards Institute] NSF/ANSI 51 and is
designed to contain the glass if the glass envelope of the lamp is
broken; and (ii) is designated and marketed for the intended
application, with--(I) the designation on the lamp packaging; and (II)
marketing materials that identify the lamp as being shatter-resistant,
shatter-proof, or shatter-protected.'' (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(Z)) Although
the definition provides three names commonly used to refer to these
lamps, DOE simply refers to them collectively as ``shatter-resistant
lamps.''
Shatter-resistant lamps incorporate a special coating designed to
prevent glass shards from being dispersed if a lamp's glass envelope
breaks. Shatter-resistant lamps incorporate a coating compliant with
industry standard NSF/ANSI 51,\4\ ``Food Equipment Materials,'' and are
labeled and marketed as shatter-resistant, shatter-proof, or shatter-
protected. Some types of the coatings can also protect the lamp from
breakage in applications subject to heat and thermal shock that may
occur from water, sleet, snow, soldering, or welding.
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\4\ NSF/ANSI 51 applies specifically to materials and coatings
used in the manufacturing of equipment and objects destined for
contact with foodstuffs.
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III. Comparison Methodology
In the 2008 analysis, DOE reviewed each of the five sets of
shipment data that were collected in consultation with NEMA and applied
two curve fits to generate unit sales estimates for the five lamp types
after calendar year 2006. One curve fit applied a linear regression to
the historical data and extended that line into the future. The other
curve fit applied an exponential growth function to the shipment data
and projected unit sales into the future. For this calculation, linear
regression treats the year as a dependent variable and shipments as the
independent variable. The linear regression curve fit is modeled by
minimizing the differences among the data points and the best curve-fit
linear line using the least squares function.\5\ The exponential curve
fit is also a regression function and uses the same least squares
function to find the best fit. For some data sets, an exponential curve
provides a better characterization of the historical data, and,
therefore, a better projection of the future data.
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\5\ The least squares function is an analytical tool that DOE
uses to minimize the sum of the squared residual differences between
the actual historical data points and the modeled value (i.e., the
linear curve fit). In minimizing this value, the resulting curve fit
will represent the best fit possible to the data provided.
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For 3-way incandescent lamps, 2,601-3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamps, and shatter-resistant lamps, DOE found that the
linear regression and exponential growth curve fits produced nearly the
same estimates of unit sales (i.e., the difference between the two
forecasted values was less than 1 or 2 percent). However, for rough
service and vibration service lamps, the linear regression curve fit
projected lamp unit sales would decline to zero for both lamp types by
2018. In contrast, the exponential growth curve fit projected a more
gradual decline in unit sales, such that lamps would still be sold
beyond 2018, and it was, therefore, considered the more realistic
forecast. While DOE was satisfied that either the linear regression or
exponential growth spreadsheet model generated a reasonable benchmark
unit sales estimate for 3-way incandescent lamps, 2,601-3,300 lumen
general service incandescent lamps, and shatter-resistant lamps, DOE
selected the exponential growth curve fit for these lamp types for
consistency with the selection made for rough service and vibration
service lamps.\6\ DOE examines the benchmark unit sales estimates and
actual sales for each of the five lamp types in the following section
and also makes the comparisons available in a spreadsheet online:
https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/63.
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\6\ This selection is consistent with the previous annual
comparisons. See DOE's 2008 forecast spreadsheet models of the lamp
types for greater detail of the estimates.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. Comparison Results
A. Rough Service Lamps
For rough service lamps, the exponential growth forecast projected
[[Page 15061]]
the benchmark unit sales estimate for 2013 to be 5,495,000 units. The
NEMA-provided shipment data reported shipments of 6,237,000 rough
service lamps in 2013. As this finding exceeds the estimate by only
13.5 percent, DOE will continue to track rough service lamp sales data
and will not initiate regulatory action for this lamp type at this
time.
B. Vibration Service Lamps
For vibration service lamps, the exponential growth forecast
projected the benchmark unit sales estimate for 2013 to be 2,871,000
units. The NEMA-provided shipment data reported shipments of 1,407,000
vibration service lamps in 2013. As this finding is only 49.0 percent
of the estimate, DOE will continue to track vibration service lamp
sales data and will not initiate regulatory action for this lamp type
at this time.
C. Three-Way Incandescent Lamps
For 3-way incandescent lamps, the exponential growth forecast
projected the benchmark unit sales estimate for 2013 to be 49,617,000
units. The NEMA-provided shipment data reported shipments of 34,773,000
3-way incandescent lamps in 2013. As this finding is only 70.1 percent
of the estimate, DOE will continue to track 3-way incandescent lamp
sales data and will not initiate regulatory action for this lamp type
at this time.
D. 2,601-3,300 Lumen General Service Incandescent Lamps
For 2,601-3,300 lumen general service incandescent lamps, the
exponential growth forecast projected the benchmark unit sales estimate
for 2013 to be 34,044,000 units. The NEMA-provided shipment data
reported shipments of 9,296,000 2,601-3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamps in 2013. As this finding is 27.3 percent of the
estimate, DOE will continue to track 2,601-3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamp sales data and will not initiate regulatory action
for this lamp type at this time.
E. Shatter-Resistant Lamps
For shatter-resistant lamps, the exponential growth forecast
projected the benchmark unit sales estimate for 2013 to be 1,667,000
units. The NEMA-provided shipment data reported shipments of 1,093,000
shatter-resistant lamps in 2013. As this finding is only 65.6 percent
of the estimate, DOE will continue to track shatter-resistant lamp
sales data and will not initiate regulatory action for this lamp type
at this time.
V. Conclusion
None of the shipments for rough service lamps, vibration service
lamps, 3-way incandescent lamps, 2,601-3,300 lumen general service
incandescent lamps, or shatter-resistant lamps crossed the statutory
threshold for a standard. DOE will continue to monitor these five
currently exempted lamp types and will assess 2014 sales by March 31,
2015, in order to determine whether an energy conservation standards
rulemaking is required, consistent with 42 U.S.C. 6295(l)(4)(D)-(H).
Issued in Washington, DC, on March 11, 2014.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2014-05776 Filed 3-17-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
