Executive Compensation, 4389-4394 [2014-01362]

Agencies

• Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office
• DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
• FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY

[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 18 (Tuesday, January 28, 2014)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 4389-4394]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-01362]



========================================================================
Rules and Regulations
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents 
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed 
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published 
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.

The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 
Prices of new books are listed in the first FEDERAL REGISTER issue of each 
week.

========================================================================


Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 18 / Tuesday, January 28, 2014 / 
Rules and Regulations

[[Page 4389]]



FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY

12 CFR Part 1230

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight

12 CFR Part 1770

RIN 2590-AA12


Executive Compensation

AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency; Office of Federal Housing 
Enterprise Oversight, HUD.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) is issuing a final 
rule that sets forth requirements and processes with respect to 
compensation provided to executive officers by the Federal National 
Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the 
Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Federal Home Loan Bank System's Office 
of Finance, consistent with the safety and soundness responsibilities 
of FHFA under the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and 
Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery 
Act of 2008. This final rule affirms the establishment of 12 CFR part 
1230 and removal of 12 CFR part 1770 by the interim final rule that is 
already in effect.

DATES: The final rule is effective February 27, 2014. For additional 
information see SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Alfred M. Pollard, General Counsel, 
(202) 649-3050, Alfred.Pollard@fhfa.gov, or Lindsay Simmons, Assistant 
General Counsel, (202) 649-3066, Lindsay.Simmons@fhfa.gov, (not toll-
free numbers), Federal Housing Finance Agency, Eighth Floor, 400 
Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20024. The telephone number for the 
Telecommunications Device for the Hearing Impaired is (800) 877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    FHFA published an interim final rule with request for comments on 
Executive Compensation on May 14, 2013 (74 FR 28442). The public notice 
and comment period closed on July 15, 2013. The interim final rule 
superseded the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) 
Executive Compensation rule, 12 CFR part 1770.\1\ This rule finalizes 
the interim final rule and responds to comments received.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ FHFA is continuing its work to merge existing regulations of 
its predecessor agencies (OFHEO and the Federal Housing Finance 
Board), and will consider the appropriate disposition of an OFHEO 
corporate governance provision related to compensation of directors, 
executive officers, and employees (at 12 CFR 1710.13), and the 
relationship of that provision to this final rule, in conjunction 
with that project.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This final rule implements section 1113 of the Housing and Economic 
Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA), Public Law 110-289, 122 Stat. 2654. 
Section 1113, which amended section 1318 of the Federal Housing 
Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act (Safety and Soundness 
Act) (12 U.S.C. 4518), requires the Director to prohibit and withhold 
compensation of executive officers of the Federal National Mortgage 
Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (collectively, 
the Enterprises), and the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) 
(collectively, the regulated entities).
    FHFA issues this final rule also to continue the requirement under 
the charter acts of the Enterprises that the Director approve any 
agreements or contracts of executive officers that provide compensation 
in connection with termination of employment.\2\ No similar prior 
approval requirement for the Director over termination benefits for 
executive officers of the Banks is contained in the Federal Home Loan 
Bank Act or the Safety and Soundness Act, but the total payment or 
value derived from termination benefits is included in FHFA's review of 
compensation provided by the Banks to their executive officers, in 
order to determine whether the overall compensation is reasonable and 
comparable. This is because FHFA considers the term ``compensation'' to 
include benefits to an executive officer that are derived from post-
employment benefit plans or programs and other compensatory benefit 
arrangements containing termination benefits, which affect the 
executive officer individually or as part of a group. As a result, FHFA 
reviews the value of benefits provided under such plans, programs, and 
arrangements on an ongoing basis in exercising its compensation review 
authority. FHFA aggregates the benefits provided under such plans, 
programs, and arrangements with all other payments of money or any 
other thing of current or potential value to determine whether an 
officer's overall compensation is reasonable and comparable.\3\ FHFA 
may also determine that a particular element of compensation is not 
reasonable or comparable. For example, incentive compensation that 
provides incentives for unsound risk management could be prohibited on 
that basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ See section 309(d)(3)(B) of the Federal National Mortgage 
Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1723a (d)(3)(B)) and section 
303(h)(2) of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 
U.S.C. 1452(h)(2)).
    \3\ See 74 FR at 26990 (June 5, 2009).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This final rule, like the interim final rule, reflects the 
enactment of the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (the 
``STOCK Act''), which followed FHFA's issuance of the proposed rule.\4\ 
Section 16 of the STOCK Act prohibits senior executives of any 
Enterprise in conservatorship from receiving bonuses during any period 
of conservatorship on or after the date of enactment. Section 1230.3(a) 
in the interim final rule and in this final rule includes this 
statutory prohibition. On March 9, 2012, FHFA announced new executive 
compensation programs for the Enterprises, in its capacity as 
conservator.\5\ These programs eliminate bonuses for Enterprise senior 
executives (and other executives) and thus comply with Section 16 of 
the STOCK Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ See Public Law 112-105, 126 Stat. 291 (April 4, 2012) 
(codified at 12 U.S.C. 4518a).
    \5\ See News Release dated March 9, 2012, at http://www.fhfa.gov/webfiles/23438/ExecComp3912F.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Additionally, FHFA is adopting this final rule to ensure that the 
regulated

[[Page 4390]]

entities and the Office of Finance (OF) comply with processes used by 
FHFA in its oversight of executive compensation. The processes require 
the submission of relevant information by the regulated entities and OF 
on a timely basis, in a format deemed appropriate by FHFA, to enable 
FHFA to efficiently carry out its executive compensation functions. For 
reasons noted above, as with the Enterprises, information required to 
be submitted to FHFA for its review and consideration by the Banks 
includes information relating to compensation for services during 
employment and to termination benefits for their executive officers.
    FHFA had adopted the interim final rule to provide an opportunity 
for additional comment in view of certain revisions to the proposed 
rule. Further details about comments received and FHFA's responses can 
be found below.
    FHFA has conducted a separate rulemaking regarding golden parachute 
payments. Section 1114 of HERA further amended section 1318 of the 
Safety and Soundness Act (12 U.S.C. 4518) to authorize the Director to 
prohibit or limit golden parachute payments and indemnification 
payments by the Enterprises and the Banks to entity-affiliated parties. 
Pursuant to this authority, FHFA adopted a final rule on golden 
parachute payments in 2009, \6\ setting forth factors to be considered 
by the Director of FHFA when exercising authority to limit golden 
parachute payments that are paid to entity-affiliated parties of a 
regulated entity or OF. Subsequently, FHFA proposed amendments to the 
final golden parachute payments rule to address in more detail 
prohibited and permissible golden parachute payments.\7\ Today, FHFA 
also publishes in this issue of the Federal Register a final amendment 
of the rule on golden parachute payments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ Golden Parachute Payments, 74 FR 5101 (January 29, 2009), 
codified at 12 CFR part 1231.
    \7\ Golden Parachute and Indemnification Payments Proposed Rule, 
74 FR 30975 (June 29, 2009).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FHFA recently adopted a rule setting forth definitions of terms 
commonly used in its regulations, and has removed duplicative 
definitions in this final rule.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ See 12 CFR 1201.1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. Comments on the Interim Final Rule

    FHFA received comments from one member of the public, and from the 
twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and the Office of Finance. FHFA 
considered all of the comments submitted, and explains its responses 
below.

Rule's Effect on Compensation

    The Banks made two comments regarding FHFA's review of compensation 
that are similar to or continue comments they had made previously in 
response to the proposed rule. The first is the Banks' allegation that 
the rule in effect prescribes a level or range of executive 
compensation. The second is that FHFA's review ``in whole or in part'' 
should instead be review ``taken as a whole.''
    Congress provided in 12 U.S.C. 4518(d) that FHFA is not to 
prescribe or set specific levels or ranges of compensation. Congress 
required, however, that FHFA determine whether compensation is 
reasonable and comparable with compensation for employment in other 
similar businesses involving similar duties and responsibilities. 
Accordingly, FHFA has defined the terms ``reasonable'' and 
``comparable'' and has implemented the Congressional mandate in Sec.  
1230.3(a) as follows: ``No regulated entity or the Office of Finance 
shall pay compensation to an executive officer that is not reasonable 
and comparable with compensation paid by such similar businesses 
involving similar duties and responsibilities.''
    The Banks argued that, despite changes FHFA made in the interim 
final rule in response to comments the Banks made on the proposed rule, 
the interim final rule allows FHFA to prescribe or set a specific level 
or range of compensation, contrary to the statute. The Banks argue that 
three provisions in combination create this result. First, as stated 
above, FHFA implemented the Congressional mandate in Sec.  1230.3(a) of 
the rule to state that regulated entities and the OF may not pay 
compensation that is not reasonable and comparable according to the 
statute. Second, the interim final rule defines ``comparable'' as 
``compensation that, taking in whole or in part, does not materially 
exceed compensation paid at institutions of similar size and function 
for similar duties and responsibilities.'' Finally, in its discussion 
of the proposed rule and of the interim final rule, FHFA identified the 
Farm Credit Banks and Federal Reserve Banks as examples that may 
appropriately be included as points of reference in assessing 
reasonableness and comparability of compensation at the Federal Home 
Loan Banks. The Banks assert that these provisions in effect (i) 
prohibit the Banks from paying compensation that is not ``reasonable'' 
and ``comparable'' in a manner that prescribes or sets a specific level 
of range of compensation, (ii) impose a presumptive cap of ``not 
materially exceed[ing]'' compensation at similar institutions, and 
(iii) designate particular comparator institutions that will determine 
compliance with the rule.
    FHFA has responded to the Banks' stated concerns on this subject in 
this rulemaking, including making changes to the rule in response to 
the Banks' previous comments, and must now reject this final comment as 
being no more persuasive than the previous comments, to which FHFA has 
already adequately responded.\9\ The first of the three provisions the 
Banks' find objectionable, in Sec.  1230.3(a), is a reasonable 
implementation of the Congressional mandate in the statute and in no 
way authorizes FHFA to set compensation or a range of compensation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ 78 FR 28442, 28444-45 (May 14, 2013).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FHFA defined the term ``comparable'' in the way it deems to be 
closest to Congressional intent, true to the meaning of the word in 
plain English, and supported by market usage of the term. Comparison 
with similar positions at similar institutions is a common practice for 
setting compensation. It appears clear that a statutory requirement of 
comparability would need to operate as a check on compensation that 
materially exceeds compensation for comparable duties and 
responsibilities at comparable institutions. Even so, FHFA avoided 
translating this requirement into specific mandates to create a certain 
peer group of a certain size, or even use of a certain process to 
create the group of comparators, which could have limited the 
flexibility of the Banks in implementing the mandate. FHFA reviews 
comparability while also respecting the Banks' processes for setting 
compensation. This review results in no specific level of compensation, 
nor a range, communicated from FHFA to the regulated entities or OF, in 
practice or in effect.
    FHFA continues to believe that the Farm Credit Banks and the 
Federal Reserve Banks are relevant points of reference in assessing the 
reasonableness and comparability of Bank compensation, because they 
have certain points in common with the Federal Home Loan Banks: they 
are government-sponsored financial institutions; they have some measure 
of government backing and therefore a potentially different risk 
profile than non-government-sponsored institutions; and they do not 
issue publicly traded stock that can be used as an element of long-term 
compensation and therefore

[[Page 4391]]

must structure their compensation differently from publicly traded 
companies. For these reasons it would be wrong to ignore the Farm 
Credit Banks and the Federal Reserve Banks. While the Banks' comment 
letters have correctly pointed out differences between them and the 
Farm Credit Banks and the Federal Reserve Banks, there are also key 
differences between the Federal Home Loan Banks and the commercial 
banks and similar institutions that the Banks have identified as their 
comparators. The fact is that there are no institutions that are 
exactly comparable to the Federal Home Loan Banks.
    FHFA had included these points in its previous response \10\ to the 
Banks' previous comments and the Banks did not in their most recent 
comment letter to the interim final rule provide any additional 
responsive arguments about the appropriateness of comparability with 
the Farm Credit Banks and the Federal Reserve Banks. FHFA maintains 
that suggesting these entities be included as points of reference among 
a group of comparators is fully responsive to its Congressional mandate 
to determine whether compensation is comparable to that of similar 
businesses with similar duties and responsibilities, and that doing so 
does not result in setting a specific level or range of compensation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ 78 FR 28442, 28444-45 (May 14, 2013).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The unique member-controlled cooperative structure of the Federal 
Home Loan Bank system was in place as of the time that Congress created 
the statute that mandates FHFA's review for reasonableness and 
comparability of compensation, and therefore cannot be adduced as a 
basis for FHFA to abandon its role to review as the statute intended, 
including for comparability with similar institutions, despite the 
unique structure in place at the Banks.
    FHFA received an additional comment from the Banks, noting that 
FHFA had rejected the Banks' previous comment that FHFA's review of 
executive compensation should be based on compensation that is ``taken 
as a whole'' rather than ``in whole or in part.'' The Banks had stated 
their belief that if an executive's compensation package taken as a 
whole is reasonable and comparable to compensation at similar 
institutions for similar duties, FHFA should not be permitted to reject 
a discrete element of an executive's compensation as excessive. They 
have further requested in response to the interim final rule that FHFA 
recognize that the Banks are more restricted than other large financial 
institutions in methods that they can use to compensate their 
executives. For example, the Banks are unable to offer stock-related 
executive compensation because they do not have publicly traded stock. 
The Banks requested that FHFA take these distinguishing factors into 
consideration.
    FHFA responded to that earlier comment that in its ongoing 
oversight of an executive's overall compensation, FHFA reviews all 
components that compose the broadly defined term ``compensation.'' \11\ 
If any component's value is determined to be an outlier, it may still 
be acceptable given the compensation taken as a whole. On the other 
hand, it may also be deemed excessive by itself if it creates 
questionable incentives, or in other ways draws undue negative 
attention to itself. FHFA will advise the entity if it finds the 
aggregate compensation package to be excessive. FHFA may specifically 
note that a particular component appears to be the source of the 
problem and should be reassessed by the entity in order to align the 
total package with the reasonable and comparable standard. For these 
reasons, FHFA has determined to retain the language, which is currently 
effective in the interim final rule, in this final rule as well. FHFA 
assures the Banks that it does take into account the particular 
circumstances of the Banks in reviewing executive compensation. FHFA is 
well aware that the Banks do not have publicly traded stock and pay 
compensation in cash.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ 78 FR at 28445.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FHFA recognizes that executive compensation oversight mandated by 
HERA has resulted in a new area of regulatory compliance for the Banks. 
For that reason, in addition to guidance, FHFA staff will continue to 
work directly with the relevant staff, committees, and boards of the 
Banks to ensure that FHFA's review process is well understood. FHFA 
guidance and dialogue between staffs will, among other things, address 
concerns raised by the Banks regarding how the provisions of the rule 
will operate under specific circumstances.

Status as an Executive Officer

    The Banks requested that the term ``executive officer'' apply only 
to those individuals who qualify as executive officers as of the time 
of a required notice regarding such individual's compensation. The 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION to the interim final rule states that ``[a]n 
executive officer for purposes of this regulation would cover officers 
who were NEOs at the Bank's last filing, who would be NEOs if the 
filing occurred today, and those expected to be NEOs in the future 
based on current title, duties, or pay. (Consequently, the total number 
of NEOs at any time may be more than five.)''
    In order to address the Banks' request, FHFA has determined to 
narrow its interpretation described above in the Supplementary 
Information to the interim final rule. FHFA will apply the definition 
more narrowly, in a manner which is intended to address the concern 
expressed by the Banks, and which is reflective of the plain meaning of 
the regulatory text. With respect to the Banks, the definition of 
``executive officer'' adopts the language of the SEC's Regulation S-K, 
17 CFR 229.402(a)(3), and therefore covers a Bank's most highly 
compensated officers (generally referred to as the ``top 5'') who are 
designated under SEC disclosure requirements as ``Named Executive 
Officers'' (NEOs).
    It is FHFA's intent to provide clarity and avoid undue burden on 
the Banks by following the definition and practice of the SEC for 
identifying NEOs in its definition for ``executive officer.'' However, 
this final rule includes requirements that apply to ``executive 
officers'' throughout the year, and not just at the time of securities 
filings. Therefore, for purposes of clarification, and in response to 
the request of the Banks, FHFA is now narrowing its interpretation that 
was previously provided in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION to the interim 
final rule as to how the definition of executive officer applies.
    The definition of ``executive officer'' applies to a person who 
qualifies as an ``executive officer'' as of the time of a required 
notice under Sec.  1230.3(d)(1)-(4). In effect, this means that the 
``top 5'' determined for purposes of securities filings\12\ will remain 
the ``top 5'' for purposes of this regulation until either (1) one of 
the ``top 5'' individuals vacates his or her position, or (2) the next 
``top 5'' are identified the following year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ Generally, the ``top 5'' are determined as of a certain 
date based on current position (for the president or chief financial 
officer) or the previous 12 months of compensation (for the most 
highly compensated employees).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the case that one of the ``top 5'' vacates his or her position, 
this regulation is intended to apply in the following manner. If the 
position of president or chief financial officer is vacated, the new 
president or chief financial officer will become one of the ``top 5'' 
immediately when the change is

[[Page 4392]]

effective.\13\ If a current employee is promoted with an increase in 
compensation to fill the role vacated by one of the ``top 5'' or a new 
hire is intended to fill the role vacated by one of the ``top 5''--and 
it is reasonably foreseeable that if the individual remains in the role 
that such individual will become a ``top 5'' employee under the SEC 
rules--then the individual should be treated as an executive officer 
for purposes of this final rule upon the promotion or hire becoming 
effective.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ Employees who act in the capacity of the vacated position, 
or who take on similar responsibilities until a successor is named, 
with no corresponding change in compensation, are not intended to be 
considered the ``top 5'' based solely on the temporary performance 
of those responsibilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compensation Actions Requiring Advance Notice

    The interim final rule requires prior notification before payment 
to an executive officer of annual compensation, pay for performance or 
incentive pay, ``or any other element of compensation.'' The Banks 
requested clarification of what ``any other element of compensation'' 
is intended to include, and particularly, whether it includes 
reimbursements for travel expenses, employee benefit plans such as 
health benefit plans, and other general plans that executive officers 
participate in along with other Bank employees.
    Compensation is defined broadly to include any item of current or 
potential value provided in connection with employment, including 
benefits received under a broad-based benefit plan. This is because 
FHFA reviews the value of benefits provided under such plans, programs, 
and arrangements on an ongoing basis in exercising its review 
authority. FHFA must be aware of the value of benefits provided under 
such plans, programs, and arrangements in addition to all other 
payments of money or any other thing of current or potential value to 
determine whether an officer's overall ``compensation'' is reasonable 
and comparable. With regard to the notice requirement, however, 
approval of a broad-based benefit plan or policy (such as a travel 
reimbursement policy) can serve to satisfy the notice requirement for 
individual payments made under those plans. For purposes of clarity, 
such blanket approval can apply to the periodic payments of base 
salary, but is not intended to apply to any payments under incentive 
plans, any pay for performance, any plans that apply principally to the 
executive officers as defined in this final rule, or to any payments 
under individually negotiated agreements.
    Moreover, FHFA is responding to the Banks' comment by replacing the 
phrase ``any other element of compensation'' with a more specific list 
of the elements of compensation to which the notice requirement 
applies. The revised regulatory text in Sec.  1230.3(d)(3) provides 
that ``[a] regulated entity or the Office of Finance shall not, without 
providing the Director at least 30 days' advance written notice, pay, 
disburse, or transfer to any executive officer, annual compensation 
(where the annual amount has changed); pay for performance or other 
incentive pay; any amounts under a severance plan, change-in-control 
agreement, or other separation agreement; any compensation that would 
qualify as direct compensation for purposes of securities filings; or 
any other element of compensation identified by the Director prior to 
the notice period.'' Payments made under broad-based health benefit 
plans, for example, are not subject to the notice requirement. This 
change serves to narrow the scope of the notice requirement as compared 
to the interim final rule and is therefore within the scope of the 
interim final rule's request for comment.\14\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ This is the only change to the text of the interim final 
rule that FHFA has made, other than to add ``supervisory'' to 
paragraph (1)(iii) of the definition of ``reasonable and 
comparable'' to clarify what kind of guidance is referred to, 
consistent with the discussion at 78 FR 28445.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Comments Regarding Additional Process

    The Banks requested that the rule be amended to include additional 
procedures. For example, the Banks requested that the rule include 
procedures for notifying the Bank of any compensation review, provision 
to the Banks of official explanation of any action FHFA is considering, 
and procedures for FHFA to receive input from the Banks on such 
actions. The Banks also reiterated comments they had made on the 
proposed rule, to which FHFA responded in the Supplementary Information 
to the interim final rule.
    FHFA believes the input of the Banks is important in its decision-
making, and also appreciates that any directive it would issue to a 
regulated entity to prohibit or withhold compensation of an executive 
officer impacts the executive financially. For that reason, any such 
decision is made only after thorough review and full understanding of 
the facts on a case-by-case basis, and the application to the facts of 
its authorities mandated by Congress. Such thorough review and full 
understanding of relevant facts occurs with a regulated entity's full 
cooperation and input. FHFA believes incorporating additional 
procedures in this final rule is unnecessary in light of the extent of 
communication that will occur with a regulated entity before making a 
decision such as a determination that executive compensation is 
excessive or that there had been employee misconduct, and would unduly 
delay corrective action.

Grandfathering

    The Banks requested grandfathering for compensation agreements in 
place as of the effective date of the final rule (as opposed to the 
date of the interim final rule, which was May 14, 2013.) The proposed 
rule, which was issued prior to the interim final rule and provided 
opportunity for notice and comment on FHFA's executive compensation 
rulemaking, was issued June 5, 2009. FHFA believes the period of time 
from the publication of the proposed rule to the interim final rule, in 
addition to opportunity for notice and comment, has provided 
satisfactory notice to the regulated entities of the provisions of the 
executive compensation rulemaking.

Recapture of excessive compensation

    As described in the Supplementary Information to the interim final 
rule, FHFA plans to publish for comment a proposal to require the 
regulated entities to develop and adopt policies to provide for 
recapture of improvidently or improperly paid compensation in 
appropriate circumstances.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ See 78 FR at 28446. Such policies would speak more broadly 
than those contemplated by section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which 
would address only the recovery of incentive compensation that had 
been paid based on financial results that are later required to be 
restated. See Securities Exchange Act of 1934 section 10D, 15 U.S.C. 
78j-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regulatory Impact

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The final rule does not contain any information collection 
requirement that requires the approval of OMB under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires that 
a rule that has a significant economic impact on a substantial number 
of small entities, small businesses, or small organizations must 
include an initial regulatory flexibility analysis describing the 
rule's impact on small entities. Such an analysis need not be 
undertaken if

[[Page 4393]]

the agency has certified that the rule will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 5 U.S.C. 
605(b). FHFA has considered the impact of the interim final rule under 
the Regulatory Flexibility Act. FHFA certifies that the interim final 
rule is not likely to have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small business entities because the rule is 
applicable only to the regulated entities, which are not small entities 
for purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects

12 CFR Part 1230

    Administrative practice and procedure, Compensation, Confidential 
business information, Government-sponsored enterprises, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

12 CFR Part 1770

    Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business 
information, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Authority and Issuance

    Accordingly, for the reasons stated in the Supplementary 
Information, the Interim Final Rule published at 78 FR 28442 (May 14, 
2013) is adopted as a final rule with the following changes:

CHAPTER XII--FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY

SUBCHAPTER B--ENTITY REGULATIONS

0
1. Revise part 1230 to read as follows:

PART 1230--EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Sec.
1230.1 Purpose.
1230.2 Definitions.
1230.3 Prohibition and withholding of executive compensation.
1230.4 Prior approval of termination agreements of Enterprises.
1230.5 Submission of supporting information.

    Authority:  12 U.S.C. 1427, 1431(l)(5), 1452(h), 4502(6), 
4502(12), 4513, 4514, 4517, 4518, 4518a, 4526, 4631, 4632, 4636, and 
1723a(d).


Sec.  1230.1  Purpose.

    The purpose of this part is to implement requirements relating to 
the supervisory authority of FHFA under the Safety and Soundness Act 
with respect to compensation provided by the regulated entities and the 
Office of Finance to their executive officers. This part also 
establishes a structured process for submission of relevant information 
by the regulated entities and the Office of Finance, in order to 
facilitate and enhance the efficiency of FHFA's oversight of executive 
compensation.


Sec.  1230.2  Definitions.

    The following definitions apply to the terms used in this part:
    Charter acts mean the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter 
Act and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act, which are 
codified at 12 U.S.C. 1716 through 1723i and 12 U.S.C. 1451 through 
1459, respectively.
    Compensation means any payment of money or the provision of any 
other thing of current or potential value in connection with 
employment. Compensation includes all direct and indirect payments of 
benefits, both cash and non-cash, granted to or for the benefit of any 
executive officer, including, but not limited to, payments and benefits 
derived from an employment contract, compensation or benefit agreement, 
fee arrangement, perquisite, stock option plan, post-employment 
benefit, or other compensatory arrangement.
    Enterprise means the Federal National Mortgage Association and the 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (collectively, Enterprises) and, 
except as provided by the Director, any affiliate thereof.
    Executive officer means:
    (1) With respect to an Enterprise:
    (i) The chairman of the board of directors, chief executive 
officer, chief financial officer, chief operating officer, president, 
vice chairman, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, 
any individual in charge of a principal business unit, division, or 
function, and any individual who performs functions similar to such 
positions whether or not the individual has an official title; and
    (ii) Any other officer as identified by the Director;
    (2) With respect to a Bank:
    (i) The president, the chief financial officer, and the three other 
most highly compensated officers; and
    (ii) Any other officer as identified by the Director.
    (3) With respect to the Office of Finance:
    (i) The chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and chief 
operating officer; and
    (ii) Any other officer identified by the Director.
    Reasonable and comparable means compensation that is:
    (1) Reasonable--compensation, taken in whole or in part, that would 
be appropriate for the position and based on a review of relevant 
factors including, but not limited to:
    (i) The duties and responsibilities of the position;
    (ii) Compensation factors that indicate added or diminished risks, 
constraints, or aids in carrying out the responsibilities of the 
position; and
    (iii) Performance of the regulated entity, the specific employee, 
or one of the entity's significant components with respect to 
achievement of goals, consistency with supervisory guidance and 
internal rules of the entity, and compliance with applicable law and 
regulation.
    (2) Comparable--compensation that, taken in whole or in part, does 
not materially exceed compensation paid at institutions of similar size 
and function for similar duties and responsibilities.
    Regulated entity means any Enterprise and any Federal Home Loan 
Bank.


Sec.  1230.3  Prohibition and withholding of executive compensation.

    (a) In general. The Director may review the compensation 
arrangements for any executive officer of a regulated entity or the 
Office of Finance at any time, and shall prohibit the regulated entity 
or the Office of Finance from providing compensation to any such 
executive officer that the Director determines is not reasonable and 
comparable with compensation for employment in other similar businesses 
involving similar duties and responsibilities. No regulated entity or 
the Office of Finance shall pay compensation to an executive officer 
that is not reasonable and comparable with compensation paid by such 
similar businesses involving similar duties and responsibilities. No 
Enterprise in conservatorship shall pay a bonus to any senior executive 
during the period of that conservatorship.
    (b) Factors to be taken into account. In determining whether 
compensation provided by a regulated entity or the Office of Finance to 
an executive officer is not reasonable and comparable, the Director may 
take into consideration any factors the Director considers relevant, 
including any wrongdoing on the part of the executive officer, such as 
any fraudulent act or omission, breach of trust or fiduciary duty, 
violation of law, rule, regulation, order, or written agreement, and 
insider abuse with respect to the regulated entity or the Office of 
Finance.
    (c) Prohibition on setting compensation by Director. In carrying 
out paragraph (a) of this section, the Director may not prescribe or 
set a specific level or range of compensation.
    (d) Advance notice to Director of certain compensation actions. (1) 
A regulated entity or the Office of Finance

[[Page 4394]]

shall not, without providing the Director at least 60 days' advance 
written notice, enter into any written arrangement that provides 
incentive awards to any executive officer or officers.
    (2) A regulated entity or the Office of Finance shall not, without 
providing the Director at least 30 days' advance written notice, enter 
into any written arrangement that:
    (i) Provides an executive officer a term of employment for a term 
of six months or more; or
    (ii) In the case of a Bank or the Office of Finance, provides 
compensation to any executive officer in connection with the 
termination of employment, or establishes a policy of compensation in 
connection with the termination of employment.
    (3) A regulated entity or the Office of Finance shall not, without 
providing the Director at least 30 days' advance written notice, pay, 
disburse, or transfer to any executive officer, annual compensation 
(where the annual amount has changed); pay for performance or other 
incentive pay; any amounts under a severance plan, change-in-control 
agreement, or other separation agreement; any compensation that would 
qualify as direct compensation for purposes of securities filings; or 
any other element of compensation identified by the Director prior to 
the notice period.
    (4) Notwithstanding the foregoing review periods, a regulated 
entity or the Office of Finance shall provide five business days' 
advance written notice to the Director before committing to pay 
compensation of any amount or type to an executive officer who is being 
newly hired.
    (5) The Director reserves the right to extend any of the foregoing 
review periods, and may do so in the Director's discretion, upon notice 
to the regulated entity or the Office of Finance. Any such notice shall 
set forth the number of business or calendar days by which the review 
period is being extended.
    (e) Withholding, escrow, prohibition. During the review period 
required by paragraph (d) of this section, or any extension thereof, a 
regulated entity or the Office of Finance shall not execute the 
compensation action that is under review unless the Director provides 
written notice of approval or non-objection. During a review under 
paragraph (a) or (d) of this section, or at any time before an 
executive compensation action has been taken, the Director may, by 
written notice, require a regulated entity or the Office of Finance to 
withhold any payment, transfer, or disbursement of compensation to an 
executive officer, or to place such compensation in an escrow account, 
or may prohibit the action.


Sec.  1230.4  Prior approval of termination agreements of Enterprises.

    (a) In general. An Enterprise may not enter into any agreement or 
contract to provide any payment of money or other thing of current or 
potential value in connection with the termination of employment of an 
executive officer unless the agreement or contract is approved in 
advance by the Director.
    (b) Covered agreements or contracts. An agreement or contract that 
provides for termination payments to an executive officer of an 
Enterprise that was entered into before October 28, 1992,\1\ is not 
retroactively subject to approval or disapproval by the Director. 
However, any renegotiation, amendment, or change to such an agreement 
or contract shall be considered as entering into an agreement or 
contract that is subject to approval by the Director.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ This date refers to the date of enactment of the Federal 
Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Factors to be taken into account. In making the determination 
whether to approve or disapprove termination benefits, the Director may 
consider:
    (1) Whether the benefits provided under the agreement or contract 
are comparable to benefits provided under such agreements or contracts 
for officers of other public or private entities involved in financial 
services and housing interests who have comparable duties and 
responsibilities;
    (2) The factors set forth in Sec.  1230.3(b); and
    (3) Such other information as deemed appropriate by the Director.
    (d) Exception to prior approval. An employment agreement or 
contract subject to prior approval of the Director under this section 
may be entered into prior to that approval, provided that such 
agreement or contract specifically provides notice that termination 
benefits under the agreement or contract shall not be effective and no 
payments shall be made under such agreement or contract unless and 
until approved by the Director. Such notice should make clear that 
alteration of benefit plans subsequent to FHFA approval under this 
section, which affect final termination benefits of an executive 
officer, requires review at the time of the individual's termination 
from the Enterprise and prior to the payment of any benefits.
    (e) Effect of prior approval of an agreement or contract. The 
Director's approval of an executive officer's termination of employment 
benefits shall not preclude the Director from making any subsequent 
determination under this section to prohibit and withhold executive 
compensation.
    (f) Form of approval. The Director's approval pursuant to this 
section may occur in such form and manner as the Director shall provide 
through written notice to the regulated entities or the Office of 
Finance.


Sec.  1230.5  Submission of supporting information.

    In support of the reviews and decisions provided for in this part, 
the Director may issue guidance, orders, or notices on the subject of 
information submissions by the regulated entities and the Office of 
Finance.

     Dated: January 15, 2014.
Melvin L. Watt,
Director, Federal Housing Finance Agency.
[FR Doc. 2014-01362 Filed 1-27-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8070-01-P