Special Conditions: Embraer S.A., Model EMB-550 Airplanes; Flight Envelope Protection: General Limiting Requirements, 31838-31839 [2013-12536]

Download as PDF 31838 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 102 / Tuesday, May 28, 2013 / Rules and Regulations wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with RULES All other means of decelerating the airplane, the use of which is authorized up to the highest speed reached in the maneuver, may be used. The interval between successive pilot actions must not be less than one second. (2) The applicant must also demonstrate that the speed margin, established as above, will not be exceeded in inadvertent, or gustinduced, upsets resulting in initiation of the dive from non-symmetric attitudes, unless the airplane is protected by the flight control laws from getting into non-symmetric upset conditions. The upset maneuvers described in paragraphs 32.c(3)(a) and 32.c(3)(c) of AC 25–7C, Flight Test Guide for Certification of Transport Category Airplanes, dated October 16, 2012, may be used to comply with this requirement. (3) Any failure of the high-speed protection system that would result in an airspeed exceeding those determined by paragraphs (1) and (2) must be less than 10¥5 per flight hour. (4) Failures of the system must be annunciated to the pilots. Flight manual instructions must be provided that reduce the maximum operating speeds VMO/MMO. The operating speed must be reduced to a value that maintains a speed margin between VMO/MMO and VD/MD that is consistent with showing compliance with § 25.335(b) without the benefit of the high-speed protection system. (5) Dispatch of the airplane with the high-speed protection system inoperative could be allowed under an approved minimum equipment list (MEL) that would require flight manual instructions to indicate reduced maximum operating speeds, as described in paragraph (4). In addition, the flightdeck display of the reduced operating speeds, as well as the overspeed warning for exceeding those speeds, must be equivalent to that of the normal airplane with the high-speed protection system operative. Also, it must be shown that no additional hazards are introduced with the highspeed protection system inoperative. Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 21, 2013. Jeff Duven, Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. [FR Doc. 2013–12535 Filed 5–24–13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–13–P VerDate Mar<15>2010 15:03 May 24, 2013 Jkt 229001 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 25 [Docket No. FAA–2012–1332; Special Conditions No. 25–492–SC] Special Conditions: Embraer S.A., Model EMB–550 Airplanes; Flight Envelope Protection: General Limiting Requirements Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final special conditions. AGENCY: SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Embraer S.A. Model EMB–550 airplane. This airplane will have a novel or unusual design feature, specifically new control architecture and a full digital flight control system which provides flight envelope protections. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards. DATES: Effective Date: June 27, 2013. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flight Crew Interface Branch, ANM–111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057–3356; telephone 425–227–2011; facsimile 425–227–1149. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background On May 14, 2009, Embraer S.A. applied for a type certificate for their new Model EMB–550 airplane. The Model EMB–550 airplane is the first of a new family of jet airplanes designed for corporate flight, fractional, charter, and private owner operations. The aircraft has a conventional configuration with low wing and T-tail empennage. The primary structure is metal with composite empennage and control surfaces. The Model EMB–550 airplane is designed for 8 passengers, with a maximum of 12 passengers. It is equipped with two Honeywell HTF7500–E medium bypass ratio turbofan engines mounted on aft fuselage pylons. Each engine produces approximately 6,540 pounds of thrust for normal takeoff. The primary flight controls consist of hydraulically powered fly-by-wire elevators, aileron and rudder, controlled by the pilot or copilot sidestick. PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 Embraer S.A. has developed comprehensive flight envelope protection features integral to the electronic flight control system design. These flight envelope protection features include limitations on angle-ofattack, normal load factor, bank angle, pitch angle, and speed. To accomplish this flight-envelope-limiting, a significant change (or multiple changes) occurs in the control laws of the electronic flight control system as the limit is approached or exceeded. When failure states occur in the electronic flight control system, flight envelope protection features can likewise either be modified, or in some cases, eliminated. The current regulations were not written with these comprehensive flight-envelope-limiting systems in mind. Type Certification Basis Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 21.17, Embraer S.A. must show that the Model EMB–550 airplane meets the applicable provisions of part 25, as amended by Amendments 25–1 through 25–127 thereto. If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for the Model EMB–550 airplane because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the provisions of § 21.16. Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended later to include any other model that incorporates the same or similar novel or unusual design feature, the special conditions would also apply to the other model under § 21.101. In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special conditions, the Model EMB–550 airplane must comply with the fuel vent and exhaust emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36 and the FAA must issue a finding of regulatory adequacy under § 611 of Public Law 92–574, the ‘‘Noise Control Act of 1972.’’ The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance with § 11.38, and they become part of the type-certification basis under § 21.17(a)(2). Novel or Unusual Design Features The Model EMB–550 airplane will incorporate the following novel or unusual design features: new control E:\FR\FM\28MYR1.SGM 28MYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 102 / Tuesday, May 28, 2013 / Rules and Regulations architecture and a full digital flight control system which provides comprehensive flight envelope protections. of airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability. Discussion The applicable airworthiness regulation in this instance is 14 CFR § 25.143. The purpose of § 25.143 is to verify that any operational maneuvers conducted within the operational envelope can be accomplished smoothly with average piloting skill and without exceeding any structural limits. The pilot should be able to predict the airplane response to any control input. During the course of the flight test program, the pilot determines compliance with § 25.143 through primarily qualitative methods. During flight test, the pilot should evaluate all of the following: • The interface between each protection function, • Transitions from one mode to another, • The aircraft response to intentional dynamic maneuvering, whenever applicable, through dedicated maneuvers, • General controllability assessment, • High speed characteristics, and • High angle-of-attack. Section § 25.143, however, does not adequately ensure that the novel or unusual features of the Model EMB–550 airplane will have a level of safety equivalent to that of existing standards. This special condition is therefore required to accommodate the the flightenvelope-limiting systems in the Model EMB–550 airplane. The additional safety standards in this special condition will ensure a level of safety equivalent to that of existing standards. Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with RULES Discussion of Comments Notice of proposed special conditions number 25–19–SC for the Embraer S.A. Model EMB–550 airplanes was published in the Federal Register on January 24, 2013 (78 FR 5148). No comments were received, and the special conditions are adopted as proposed. Applicability As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the Model EMB–550 airplane. Should Embraer S.A. apply at a later date for a change to the type certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, the special conditions would apply to that model as well. Conclusion This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features on one model VerDate Mar<15>2010 16:18 May 24, 2013 Jkt 229001 31839 Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 21, 2013. Jeff Duven, Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. [FR Doc. 2013–12536 Filed 5–24–13; 8:45 am] The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows: BILLING CODE 4910–13–P Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration The Special Conditions Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of the type certification basis for Embraer S.A. Model EMB–550 airplanes. 1. General Limiting Requirements: a. Onset characteristics of each envelope protection feature must be smooth, appropriate to the phase of flight and type of maneuver, and not in conflict with the ability of the pilot to satisfactorily change airplane flight path, speed, or attitude as needed. b. Limit values of protected flight parameters (and if applicable, associated warning thresholds) must be compatible with the following: i. Airplane structural limits, ii. Required safe and controllable maneuvering of the airplane, and iii. Margins to critical conditions. Unsafe flight characteristics/conditions must not result if dynamic maneuvering, airframe and system tolerances (both manufacturing and inservice), and non-steady atmospheric conditions, in any appropriate combination and phase of flight, can produce a limited flight parameter beyond the nominal design limit value. c. The airplane must be responsive to intentional dynamic maneuvering to within a suitable range of the parameter limit. Dynamic characteristics such as damping and overshoot must also be appropriate for the flight maneuver and limit parameter in question. d. When simultaneous envelope limiting is engaged, adverse coupling or adverse priority must not result. 2. Failure States: Electronic flight control system failures (including sensor) must not result in a condition where a parameter is limited to such a reduced value that safe and controllable maneuvering is no longer available. The crew must be alerted by suitable means if any change in envelope limiting or maneuverability is produced by single or multiple failures of the electronic flight control system not shown to be extremely improbable. ■ PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 14 CFR Part 71 [Docket No. FAA–2012–0821; Airspace Docket No. 12–ASW–8] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Beeville-Chase Field, TX Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule, correction. AGENCY: SUMMARY: This action makes a correction to the title and airspace description of a final rule published in the Federal Register of March 28, 2013. The title and airspace designation are corrected to read Beeville-Chase Field, TX. Effective date: 0901 UTC, June 27, 2013. The Director of the Federal Register approves this incorporation by reference action under 1 CFR Part 51, subject to the annual revision of FAA Order 7400.9 and publication of conforming amendments. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Scott Enander, Central Service Center, Operations Support Group, Federal Aviation Administration, Southwest Region, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76137; telephone (817) 321– 7716. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DATES: History Federal Register document FAA 2012–0821, Airspace Docket No. 12– ASW–8, establishes Class E Airspace at Chase Field Industrial Airport, Beeville, TX (78 FR 18801, March 28, 2013). Subsequent to publication, the FAA found that existing controlled airspace already is charted for another airport at Beeville, TX, with the same descriptor. Since there can only be one Beeville, TX, the title and airspace designation for Chase Field Industrial Airport is changed from Beeville, TX, to BeevilleChase Field, TX. This correction is related to published aeronautical charts that are essential to the user, and provide for the safe and efficient use of the navigable airspace. Class E airspace designations are published in paragraph 6005 of FAA Order 7400.9W dated E:\FR\FM\28MYR1.SGM 28MYR1

Agencies

[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 102 (Tuesday, May 28, 2013)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 31838-31839]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-12536]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2012-1332; Special Conditions No. 25-492-SC]


Special Conditions: Embraer S.A., Model EMB-550 Airplanes; Flight 
Envelope Protection: General Limiting Requirements

AGENCY:  Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION:  Final special conditions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY:  These special conditions are issued for the Embraer S.A. 
Model EMB-550 airplane. This airplane will have a novel or unusual 
design feature, specifically new control architecture and a full 
digital flight control system which provides flight envelope 
protections. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain 
adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These 
special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the 
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety 
equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

DATES: Effective Date: June 27, 2013.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:  Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and 
Flight Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, 
Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, 
Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1149.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    On May 14, 2009, Embraer S.A. applied for a type certificate for 
their new Model EMB-550 airplane. The Model EMB-550 airplane is the 
first of a new family of jet airplanes designed for corporate flight, 
fractional, charter, and private owner operations. The aircraft has a 
conventional configuration with low wing and T-tail empennage. The 
primary structure is metal with composite empennage and control 
surfaces. The Model EMB-550 airplane is designed for 8 passengers, with 
a maximum of 12 passengers. It is equipped with two Honeywell HTF7500-E 
medium bypass ratio turbofan engines mounted on aft fuselage pylons. 
Each engine produces approximately 6,540 pounds of thrust for normal 
takeoff. The primary flight controls consist of hydraulically powered 
fly-by-wire elevators, aileron and rudder, controlled by the pilot or 
copilot sidestick.
    Embraer S.A. has developed comprehensive flight envelope protection 
features integral to the electronic flight control system design. These 
flight envelope protection features include limitations on angle-of-
attack, normal load factor, bank angle, pitch angle, and speed. To 
accomplish this flight-envelope-limiting, a significant change (or 
multiple changes) occurs in the control laws of the electronic flight 
control system as the limit is approached or exceeded. When failure 
states occur in the electronic flight control system, flight envelope 
protection features can likewise either be modified, or in some cases, 
eliminated. The current regulations were not written with these 
comprehensive flight-envelope-limiting systems in mind.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 
CFR) 21.17, Embraer S.A. must show that the Model EMB-550 airplane 
meets the applicable provisions of part 25, as amended by Amendments 
25-1 through 25-127 thereto.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the Model EMB-550 airplane because of 
a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed 
under the provisions of Sec.  21.16.
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which 
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended 
later to include any other model that incorporates the same or similar 
novel or unusual design feature, the special conditions would also 
apply to the other model under Sec.  21.101.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the Model EMB-550 airplane must comply with the fuel vent 
and exhaust emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise 
certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36 and the FAA must issue a 
finding of regulatory adequacy under Sec.  611 of Public Law 92-574, 
the ``Noise Control Act of 1972.''
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of the type-
certification basis under Sec.  21.17(a)(2).

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    The Model EMB-550 airplane will incorporate the following novel or 
unusual design features: new control

[[Page 31839]]

architecture and a full digital flight control system which provides 
comprehensive flight envelope protections.

Discussion

    The applicable airworthiness regulation in this instance is 14 CFR 
Sec.  25.143. The purpose of Sec.  25.143 is to verify that any 
operational maneuvers conducted within the operational envelope can be 
accomplished smoothly with average piloting skill and without exceeding 
any structural limits. The pilot should be able to predict the airplane 
response to any control input. During the course of the flight test 
program, the pilot determines compliance with Sec.  25.143 through 
primarily qualitative methods. During flight test, the pilot should 
evaluate all of the following:
     The interface between each protection function,
     Transitions from one mode to another,
     The aircraft response to intentional dynamic maneuvering, 
whenever applicable, through dedicated maneuvers,
     General controllability assessment,
     High speed characteristics, and
     High angle-of-attack.
    Section Sec.  25.143, however, does not adequately ensure that the 
novel or unusual features of the Model EMB-550 airplane will have a 
level of safety equivalent to that of existing standards. This special 
condition is therefore required to accommodate the the flight-envelope-
limiting systems in the Model EMB-550 airplane. The additional safety 
standards in this special condition will ensure a level of safety 
equivalent to that of existing standards.

Discussion of Comments

    Notice of proposed special conditions number 25-19-SC for the 
Embraer S.A. Model EMB-550 airplanes was published in the Federal 
Register on January 24, 2013 (78 FR 5148). No comments were received, 
and the special conditions are adopted as proposed.

Applicability

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the 
Model EMB-550 airplane. Should Embraer S.A. apply at a later date for a 
change to the type certificate to include another model incorporating 
the same novel or unusual design feature, the special conditions would 
apply to that model as well.

Conclusion

    This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features 
on one model of airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

0
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type certification basis for Embraer S.A. Model EMB-550 airplanes.
    1. General Limiting Requirements:
    a. Onset characteristics of each envelope protection feature must 
be smooth, appropriate to the phase of flight and type of maneuver, and 
not in conflict with the ability of the pilot to satisfactorily change 
airplane flight path, speed, or attitude as needed.
    b. Limit values of protected flight parameters (and if applicable, 
associated warning thresholds) must be compatible with the following:
    i. Airplane structural limits,
    ii. Required safe and controllable maneuvering of the airplane, and
    iii. Margins to critical conditions. Unsafe flight characteristics/
conditions must not result if dynamic maneuvering, airframe and system 
tolerances (both manufacturing and in-service), and non-steady 
atmospheric conditions, in any appropriate combination and phase of 
flight, can produce a limited flight parameter beyond the nominal 
design limit value.
    c. The airplane must be responsive to intentional dynamic 
maneuvering to within a suitable range of the parameter limit. Dynamic 
characteristics such as damping and overshoot must also be appropriate 
for the flight maneuver and limit parameter in question.
    d. When simultaneous envelope limiting is engaged, adverse coupling 
or adverse priority must not result.
    2. Failure States: Electronic flight control system failures 
(including sensor) must not result in a condition where a parameter is 
limited to such a reduced value that safe and controllable maneuvering 
is no longer available. The crew must be alerted by suitable means if 
any change in envelope limiting or maneuverability is produced by 
single or multiple failures of the electronic flight control system not 
shown to be extremely improbable.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 21, 2013.
Jeff Duven,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2013-12536 Filed 5-24-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.