Draft Interagency Risk Assessment-Listeria monocytogenes, 27939-27941 [2013-11298]
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 92 / Monday, May 13, 2013 / Notices
While the environmental issues
evaluated at the local level have not
been significant, a decision to
implement the proposed action would
expand the current program capabilities
to a national scale and encourage
additional national and local level
partnerships to address feral swine
conflicts. Comments that identify other
issues or alternatives that should be
considered in the EIS would be
extremely helpful.
After the comment period closes,
APHIS will review and consider all
comments received during the comment
period and any other relevant
information in the development of the
EIS. All comments received will be
available for public review. Upon
completion of the draft EIS, a notice
announcing its availability and an
opportunity to comment will be
published in the Federal Register.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
Parking and Security Procedures for
the Public Meeting
16:13 May 10, 2013
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[FR Doc. 2013–11271 Filed 5–10–13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410–34–P
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Food Safety and Inspection Service
[Docket No. FSIS–2013–0019]
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. FDA–2013–N–0494]
Draft Interagency Risk Assessment—
Listeria monocytogenes in Retail
Delicatessens: Notice of Availability of
Documents and Request for Comment
Food Safety and Inspection
Service, United States Department of
Agriculture; Center for Food Safety and
Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug
Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Notice and request for comment.
AGENCY:
Persons attending the May 23, 2013,
meeting in Riverdale, MD, are required
to register in advance at https://
www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/
feral_swine/index.shtml or by
contacting the person listed under FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Travel directions to the USDA Center
at Riverside are available on the Internet
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plant_health/general_info/
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VerDate Mar<15>2010
Done in Washington, DC, this 8th day of
May 2013.
Kevin Shea,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service.
SUMMARY: The United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA)/Food Safety and
Inspection Service (FSIS) and the Food
and Drug Administration (FDA)/Center
for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
(CFSAN) are announcing the availability
of the draft ‘‘Interagency Risk
Assessment—Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens.’’ This draft
quantitative risk assessment (QRA)
includes an Interpretive Summary and a
Technical Report. The purpose of the
draft QRA is to evaluate the conditions,
such as Listeria (L.) monocytogenes
contamination of certain ready-to-eat
(RTE) foods, for example cheese, deli
meats, and deli salads; in the retail deli
environment; in niches (a harborage
site); or on incoming RTE foods, that
contribute to cross-contamination and
ultimately, to the risk of listeriosis. The
draft QRA makes it possible to evaluate
the effectiveness of some retail practices
and intervention strategies in reducing
the predicted risk of listeriosis from
some RTE foods that are sliced,
packaged, or prepared in retail
delicatessens and consumed in the
home.
Comments on the draft QRA
should be submitted on or before July
12, 2013.
ADDRESSES: Comments to FSIS may be
submitted by one of the following
methods:
DATES:
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• Federal eRulemaking Portal: This
Web site provides the ability to type
short comments directly into the
comment field on this Web page or
attach a file for lengthier comments. Go
to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the on-line instructions at that site for
submitting comments.
• Mail, including CD–ROMs, etc.:
Send to Docket Clerk, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Food Safety and
Inspection Service, Patriots Plaza 3,
1400 Independence Avenue SW.,
Mailstop 3782, Room 8–163A,
Washington, DC 20250–3700.
• Hand- or Courier-Delivered
Submittals: Deliver to Patriots Plaza 3,
355 E Street SW., Room 8–163A,
Washington, DC 20250–3700.
Instructions: All items submitted by
mail or electronic mail must include the
Agency name and docket number FSIS–
2013–0019. Comments received in
response to this docket will be made
available for public inspection and
posted without change, including any
personal information, to https://
www.regulations.gov.
Docket: For access to background
documents or comments received, go to
the FSIS Docket Room at Patriots Plaza
3, 355 E Street SW., Room 8–164,
Washington, DC 20250–3700 between
8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday
through Friday.
Comments to FDA: Interested persons
may submit either electronic comments
and scientific data and information to
https://www.regulations.gov or written
comments and scientific data and
information to the Division of Dockets
Management [(HFA–305), Food and
Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers
Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852].
It is only necessary to send one set of
comments. Identify comments with the
FDA docket number found in brackets
in the heading of this document.
Received comments may be seen in the
Division of Dockets Management
between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday
through Friday, and will be posted to
the docket at https://
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
FSIS: Janell Kause, Scientific Advisor
for Risk Assessment, Office of Public
Health Science, Food and Safety
Inspection Service, USDA, 355 E Street
SW., Washington, DC 20024; Telephone:
(202) 690–0286, Email:
Janell.Kause@fsis.usda.gov.
FDA: Sherri Dennis, Acting Director,
Division of Risk Assessment, Office of
Analytics and Outreach, FDA/CFSAN,
HFS–005, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway,
College Park, Maryland 20740;
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 92 / Monday, May 13, 2013 / Notices
Telephone: (240) 402–1914, Email:
Sherri.Dennis@fda.hhs.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
I. Background
Listeria monocytogenes (L.
monocytogenes) is a widely occurring
pathogen that persists in agricultural,
food processing, and retail
environments. Ingestion of L.
monocytogenes can lead to the
development of listeriosis, which could
cause septicemia, meningitis,
encephalitis, spontaneous abortion, and
stillbirth. Epidemiological data show
that listeriosis has one of the highest
hospitalization rates (approximately 95
percent) and one of the highest case
fatality rates (approximately 16 percent)
among foodborne diseases in the United
States (Ref. 1).
To reduce listeriosis, it is important to
identify: (1) which RTE foods pose the
greatest risk to public health, and (2)
which changes in practices are critical
for reducing the prevalence and levels
of L. monocytogenes in these RTE
products. Risk assessment is a decisionsupport tool that has been used to
successfully accomplish these goals by
prioritizing RTE foods according to risk
and linking food safety research to
changes in practices that will improve
public health outcomes.
A 2003 industry survey of L.
monocytogenes in RTE foods purchased
at retail grocery stores showed a sevenfold higher incidence and level of L.
monocytogenes in deli meats sliced and
served in retail delis compared to those
sliced and packaged in manufacturing
plants (Ref. 2). A subsequent survey by
academia yielded similar findings (Ref.
3). An FSIS risk assessment, using these
data, predicted an estimated 83 percent
of all deli meat-related listeriosis cases
are associated with deli meat sliced and
packaged at retail delis (Ref. 4). A
Cornell University comparative risk
assessment had similar findings (Ref. 5).
Cross contamination in the deli
environment is thought to contribute to
L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE
foods, but little is known about the
transfer of this pathogen from one
surface to another in the retail setting.
L. monocytogenes is present in the
environment and can survive and grow
in foods held at ambient and
refrigeration temperatures. Therefore
adequate preventive controls must take
into account contamination as well as
survival and proliferation of the
organism. L. monocytogenes can
contaminate foods via cross
contamination from one product to
another or through contamination from
the environment, or both. FSIS and
VerDate Mar<15>2010
16:13 May 10, 2013
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CFSAN (we) jointly developed a risk
assessment to better understand L.
monocytogenes transmission, survival,
and growth in the retail environment
and to evaluate how retail practices may
impact public health. In 2009, the
President’s Food Safety Work Group
identified this quantitative risk
assessment (QRA) as a priority (Ref. 6).
II. Draft Interagency Risk Assessment—
L. monocytogenes in Retail
Delicatessens
The draft ‘‘Interagency Risk
Assessment—Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens’’ (Ref. 7–8) provides
federal risk managers and the retail
industry with a science-based decision
support tool to evaluate the
effectiveness of retail practices and
interventions to reduce or prevent
listeriosis associated with the
consumption of RTE foods commonly
prepared and sold in the delicatessen
(deli) of a retail food store. It also
examines how changes in current retail
practices might further mitigate the
predicted risk of listeriosis from these
RTE foods. We conducted the draft QRA
collaboratively, in consultation with the
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and with input from
industry, academic institutions, and
consumer advocacy group stakeholders.
It is available on FSIS’s Web site at
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/
Interagency_RA_Lm_Retail_Report_
May2013.pdf and FDA’s Web site at
https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScience
Research/RiskSafetyAssessment/
default.htm.
The draft QRA model has undergone
an independent external peer review
consistent with the requirements for
peer review in the Office of
Management and Budget’s ‘‘Final
Information Quality Bulletin for Peer
Review.’’ Our response to the peerreview is available electronically on
FSIS’s Web site and FDA’s Web site
(Ref. 9).
The draft QRA answers the following
three broad risk management questions:
1. What is the exposure to L.
monocytogenes from consuming RTE
foods prepared in retail delis?
2. What are the key processes that
increase RTE foods contamination at
retail delis?
3. How much is the relative risk per
serving reduced according to specific
risk management options?
The three risk management questions
are very broad in nature, and we further
refined them to a list of risk mitigations
evaluated through scenario analyses
within the QRA. We used specific risk
management questions provided by
federal partners and stakeholders to
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guide the simulation scenarios
conducted with the QRA.
Specifically, the QRA model:
• Considers L. monocytogenes
entering the retail deli area from either
contaminated incoming products or
from environmental/niche
contamination;
• Considers a variety of RTE foods
(e.g., different types of cheeses, deli
meats, and deli salads) entering the
retail deli;
• Simulates the transmission of L.
monocytogenes among multiple
pathways (including product-to-slicers,
gloves-to-display cases, and utensils-togloves);
• Incorporates employee behaviors
that contribute either to the spread or
inactivation of L. monocytogenes (e.g.,
cleaning and sanitizing); and
• Factors with the potential for
affecting bacterial growth (e.g.,
temperature/time, product pH, water
activity, presence of growth inhibitors).
The QRA also estimates the risk of
listeriosis from the handling and
consumption of these products in the
home. The QRA models two
subpopulations: (1) The subpopulation
with increased susceptibility (including
neonates, older adults, and the
immunocompromised), and (2) the
subpopulation with decreased
susceptibility (the general healthy
population).
We coordinated with CDC and several
universities to gather data for the QRA.
Stakeholders also developed
partnerships to fill the data gaps
identified in a request for scientific data
and information for the project (Ref. 10).
In 2009, we held a public meeting to
present the background and data needs
for this QRA (Ref. 11) (transcripts are
available in the FSIS docket room and
on the FSIS Web site at https://
www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/ListeriaTranscript_062309.pdf). As announced
by FSIS in the Federal Register (78 FR
23901; April 23, 2013), we will hold a
second public meeting on May 22, 2013
to present the supporting data, modeling
approach, and findings of the QRA.
(More information about this meeting
will be available on FSIS’s Web site at
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/news/
meetings_&_events/.
III. Request for Comments
We invite comments on the QRA that
can help improve:
• The overall risk assessment
approach used;
• The assumptions made;
• The modeling techniques;
• The data used; and
• The clarity and the transparency of
the documentation in this draft QRA.
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 92 / Monday, May 13, 2013 / Notices
We will review and evaluate all
public comments on this draft QRA and
make modifications to the assessment
based on comments, as appropriate.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
IV. References
The following references are on
display in the FSIS Docket Room at the
address above between 8:00 a.m. and
4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, and
in the FDA Division of Dockets
Management at the address above
between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday
through Friday. (We have verified the
following Web site addresses, but we are
not responsible for any subsequent
changes to the Web sites after this
document publishes in the Federal
Register.)
1. Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R.M., Angulo, F.J.,
Tauxe, R.V., Widdowson, M.A., Roy,
S.L., Jones, J.L., and Griffin, P.M.,
Foodborne illness acquired in the United
States—major pathogens. Emerging
Infectious Diseases, 2011. 17(1): p. 7–12.
2. Gombas, D.E., Chen, Y., Clavero, R.S., and
Scott, V.N., Survey of Listeria
monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods.
Journal of Food Protection, 2003. 66(4):
p. 559–69.
3. Draughon, A.F. A collaborative analysis/
risk assessment of Listeria
monocytogenes in ready-to-eat processed
meat and poultry collected in four
FoodNet states in International
Association for Food Protection 93rd
Annual Meeting. 2006. Calgary, Alberta,
Canada. Data shown in Endrikat et al.
(2010)(Ref. 4).
4. Endrikat, S., Gallagher, D., Pouillot, R.,
Hicks Quesenberry, H., Labarre, D.,
Schroeder, C.M., and Kause, J., A
Comparative Risk Assessment for
Listeria monocytogenes in Prepackaged
versus Retail-Sliced Deli Meat. Journal of
Food Protection, 2010. 73(4): p. 612–9.
5. Pradhan, A.K., Ivanek, R., Grohn, Y.T.,
Bukowski, R., Geornaras, I., Sofos, J.N.,
and Wiedmann, M., Quantitative Risk
Assessment of Listeriosis-Associated
Deaths Due to Listeria monocytogenes
Contamination of Deli Meats Originating
from Manufacture and Retail. Journal of
Food Protection, 2010. 73(4): p. 620–30.
6. Federal Food Safety Working Group, The
Federal Food Safety Working Group
Progress Report, 2011. p. 31. Available
from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/
default/files/fswg_report_final.pdf.
7. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food
Safety and Inspection Service and
Department of Health and Human
Service, Food and Drug Administration/
Center for Food Safety and Applied
Nutrition. Draft Interagency Risk
Assessment—Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens: Interpretative
Summary. May 2013. https://www.fsis.
usda.gov/PDF/Interagency_RA_Lm_
Retail_Summary_May2013.pdf and
https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScience
Research/RiskSafetyAssessment/
default.htm.
8. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food
VerDate Mar<15>2010
16:13 May 10, 2013
Jkt 229001
Safety and Inspection Service and
Department of Health and Human
Service, Food and Drug Administration/
Center for Food Safety and Applied
Nutrition. Draft Interagency Risk
Assessment—Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens: Report. May 2013.
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/
Interagency_RA_Lm_Retail_Report_
May2013.pdf and https://www.fda.gov/
Food/FoodScienceResearch/RiskSafety
Assessment/default.htm.
9. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food
Safety and Inspection Service and
Department of Health and Human
Service, Food and Drug Administration/
Center for Food Safety and Applied
Nutrition. Draft Interagency Risk
Assessment—Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens: Response to Peer
Review Comments. May 2013. https://
www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Interagency_RA_
Lm_Retail_Peer_Review_May2013.pdf
and https://www.fda.gov/Science
Research/SpecialTopics/PeerReviewof
ScientificInformationandAssessments/.
10. Federal Register Notice. Risk Assessment
of the Public Health Impact from
Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in
Some Ready-to-Eat Foods Sliced,
Prepared, and/or Packaged in Retail
Facilities; Request for Comments and for
Scientific Data and Information. (74 FR
3617; January 21, 2009), Docket No.
FDA–2008–N–0658, https://www.fda.gov/
OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/E9–938.pdf.
11. Interagency Retail Listeria
monocytogenes Risk Assessment: Notice
of a Public Meeting. (74 FR 27276; June
9, 2009). Docket No. FSIS–2009–0012,
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR–2009–
06–09/html/E9–13378.htm.
Additional Public Notification
FSIS will announce this notice online
through the FSIS Web page located at
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/regulations_&_
policies/Federal_Register_Notices/
index.asp.
FSIS will also make copies of this
Federal Register publication available
through the FSIS Constituent Update,
which is used to provide information
regarding FSIS policies, procedures,
regulations, Federal Register notices,
FSIS public meetings, and other types of
information that could affect or would
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electronic mail subscription service for
industry, trade groups, consumer
interest groups, health professionals,
and other individuals who have asked
to be included. The Update is also
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addition, FSIS offers an electronic mail
subscription service which provides
automatic and customized access to
selected food safety news and
information. This service is available at
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_
Events/Email_Subscription/. Options
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27941
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Done at Washington, DC, on: April 24,
2013.
Alfred V. Almanza,
Administrator.
Leslie Kux,
Assistant Commissioner for Policy, FDA.
[FR Doc. 2013–11298 Filed 5–10–13; 8:45 am]
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Advertising and Sponsorship in
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Notice of issuance of final
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 92 (Monday, May 13, 2013)]
[Notices]
[Pages 27939-27941]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-11298]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Food Safety and Inspection Service
[Docket No. FSIS-2013-0019]
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. FDA-2013-N-0494]
Draft Interagency Risk Assessment--Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens: Notice of Availability of Documents and Request
for Comment
AGENCY: Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of
Agriculture; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and
Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Notice and request for comment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Food Safety
and Inspection Service (FSIS) and the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) are
announcing the availability of the draft ``Interagency Risk
Assessment--Listeria monocytogenes in Retail Delicatessens.'' This
draft quantitative risk assessment (QRA) includes an Interpretive
Summary and a Technical Report. The purpose of the draft QRA is to
evaluate the conditions, such as Listeria (L.) monocytogenes
contamination of certain ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, for example cheese,
deli meats, and deli salads; in the retail deli environment; in niches
(a harborage site); or on incoming RTE foods, that contribute to cross-
contamination and ultimately, to the risk of listeriosis. The draft QRA
makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of some retail
practices and intervention strategies in reducing the predicted risk of
listeriosis from some RTE foods that are sliced, packaged, or prepared
in retail delicatessens and consumed in the home.
DATES: Comments on the draft QRA should be submitted on or before July
12, 2013.
ADDRESSES: Comments to FSIS may be submitted by one of the following
methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: This Web site provides the
ability to type short comments directly into the comment field on this
Web page or attach a file for lengthier comments. Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line instructions at that site for
submitting comments.
Mail, including CD-ROMs, etc.: Send to Docket Clerk, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Patriots
Plaza 3, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Mailstop 3782, Room 8-163A,
Washington, DC 20250-3700.
Hand- or Courier-Delivered Submittals: Deliver to Patriots
Plaza 3, 355 E Street SW., Room 8-163A, Washington, DC 20250-3700.
Instructions: All items submitted by mail or electronic mail must
include the Agency name and docket number FSIS-2013-0019. Comments
received in response to this docket will be made available for public
inspection and posted without change, including any personal
information, to https://www.regulations.gov.
Docket: For access to background documents or comments received, go
to the FSIS Docket Room at Patriots Plaza 3, 355 E Street SW., Room 8-
164, Washington, DC 20250-3700 between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday
through Friday.
Comments to FDA: Interested persons may submit either electronic
comments and scientific data and information to https://www.regulations.gov or written comments and scientific data and
information to the Division of Dockets Management [(HFA-305), Food and
Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852].
It is only necessary to send one set of comments. Identify comments
with the FDA docket number found in brackets in the heading of this
document. Received comments may be seen in the Division of Dockets
Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, and will
be posted to the docket at https://www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: FSIS: Janell Kause, Scientific Advisor
for Risk Assessment, Office of Public Health Science, Food and Safety
Inspection Service, USDA, 355 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20024;
Telephone: (202) 690-0286, Email: Janell.Kause@fsis.usda.gov.
FDA: Sherri Dennis, Acting Director, Division of Risk Assessment,
Office of Analytics and Outreach, FDA/CFSAN, HFS-005, 5100 Paint Branch
Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740;
[[Page 27940]]
Telephone: (240) 402-1914, Email: Sherri.Dennis@fda.hhs.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a widely occurring
pathogen that persists in agricultural, food processing, and retail
environments. Ingestion of L. monocytogenes can lead to the development
of listeriosis, which could cause septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis,
spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth. Epidemiological data show that
listeriosis has one of the highest hospitalization rates (approximately
95 percent) and one of the highest case fatality rates (approximately
16 percent) among foodborne diseases in the United States (Ref. 1).
To reduce listeriosis, it is important to identify: (1) which RTE
foods pose the greatest risk to public health, and (2) which changes in
practices are critical for reducing the prevalence and levels of L.
monocytogenes in these RTE products. Risk assessment is a decision-
support tool that has been used to successfully accomplish these goals
by prioritizing RTE foods according to risk and linking food safety
research to changes in practices that will improve public health
outcomes.
A 2003 industry survey of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods purchased
at retail grocery stores showed a seven-fold higher incidence and level
of L. monocytogenes in deli meats sliced and served in retail delis
compared to those sliced and packaged in manufacturing plants (Ref. 2).
A subsequent survey by academia yielded similar findings (Ref. 3). An
FSIS risk assessment, using these data, predicted an estimated 83
percent of all deli meat-related listeriosis cases are associated with
deli meat sliced and packaged at retail delis (Ref. 4). A Cornell
University comparative risk assessment had similar findings (Ref. 5).
Cross contamination in the deli environment is thought to
contribute to L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE foods, but little
is known about the transfer of this pathogen from one surface to
another in the retail setting. L. monocytogenes is present in the
environment and can survive and grow in foods held at ambient and
refrigeration temperatures. Therefore adequate preventive controls must
take into account contamination as well as survival and proliferation
of the organism. L. monocytogenes can contaminate foods via cross
contamination from one product to another or through contamination from
the environment, or both. FSIS and CFSAN (we) jointly developed a risk
assessment to better understand L. monocytogenes transmission,
survival, and growth in the retail environment and to evaluate how
retail practices may impact public health. In 2009, the President's
Food Safety Work Group identified this quantitative risk assessment
(QRA) as a priority (Ref. 6).
II. Draft Interagency Risk Assessment--L. monocytogenes in Retail
Delicatessens
The draft ``Interagency Risk Assessment--Listeria monocytogenes in
Retail Delicatessens'' (Ref. 7-8) provides federal risk managers and
the retail industry with a science-based decision support tool to
evaluate the effectiveness of retail practices and interventions to
reduce or prevent listeriosis associated with the consumption of RTE
foods commonly prepared and sold in the delicatessen (deli) of a retail
food store. It also examines how changes in current retail practices
might further mitigate the predicted risk of listeriosis from these RTE
foods. We conducted the draft QRA collaboratively, in consultation with
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and with input
from industry, academic institutions, and consumer advocacy group
stakeholders. It is available on FSIS's Web site at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Interagency_RA_Lm_Retail_Report_May2013.pdf
and FDA's Web site at https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/RiskSafetyAssessment/default.htm.
The draft QRA model has undergone an independent external peer
review consistent with the requirements for peer review in the Office
of Management and Budget's ``Final Information Quality Bulletin for
Peer Review.'' Our response to the peer-review is available
electronically on FSIS's Web site and FDA's Web site (Ref. 9).
The draft QRA answers the following three broad risk management
questions:
1. What is the exposure to L. monocytogenes from consuming RTE
foods prepared in retail delis?
2. What are the key processes that increase RTE foods contamination
at retail delis?
3. How much is the relative risk per serving reduced according to
specific risk management options?
The three risk management questions are very broad in nature, and
we further refined them to a list of risk mitigations evaluated through
scenario analyses within the QRA. We used specific risk management
questions provided by federal partners and stakeholders to guide the
simulation scenarios conducted with the QRA.
Specifically, the QRA model:
Considers L. monocytogenes entering the retail deli area
from either contaminated incoming products or from environmental/niche
contamination;
Considers a variety of RTE foods (e.g., different types of
cheeses, deli meats, and deli salads) entering the retail deli;
Simulates the transmission of L. monocytogenes among
multiple pathways (including product-to-slicers, gloves-to-display
cases, and utensils-to-gloves);
Incorporates employee behaviors that contribute either to
the spread or inactivation of L. monocytogenes (e.g., cleaning and
sanitizing); and
Factors with the potential for affecting bacterial growth
(e.g., temperature/time, product pH, water activity, presence of growth
inhibitors).
The QRA also estimates the risk of listeriosis from the handling and
consumption of these products in the home. The QRA models two
subpopulations: (1) The subpopulation with increased susceptibility
(including neonates, older adults, and the immunocompromised), and (2)
the subpopulation with decreased susceptibility (the general healthy
population).
We coordinated with CDC and several universities to gather data for
the QRA. Stakeholders also developed partnerships to fill the data gaps
identified in a request for scientific data and information for the
project (Ref. 10). In 2009, we held a public meeting to present the
background and data needs for this QRA (Ref. 11) (transcripts are
available in the FSIS docket room and on the FSIS Web site at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Listeria-Transcript_062309.pdf). As announced by
FSIS in the Federal Register (78 FR 23901; April 23, 2013), we will
hold a second public meeting on May 22, 2013 to present the supporting
data, modeling approach, and findings of the QRA. (More information
about this meeting will be available on FSIS's Web site at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/news/meetings_&_events/.
III. Request for Comments
We invite comments on the QRA that can help improve:
The overall risk assessment approach used;
The assumptions made;
The modeling techniques;
The data used; and
The clarity and the transparency of the documentation in
this draft QRA.
[[Page 27941]]
We will review and evaluate all public comments on this draft QRA
and make modifications to the assessment based on comments, as
appropriate.
IV. References
The following references are on display in the FSIS Docket Room at
the address above between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, and in the FDA Division of Dockets Management at the address
above between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. (We have
verified the following Web site addresses, but we are not responsible
for any subsequent changes to the Web sites after this document
publishes in the Federal Register.)
1. Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R.M., Angulo, F.J., Tauxe, R.V.,
Widdowson, M.A., Roy, S.L., Jones, J.L., and Griffin, P.M.,
Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--major pathogens.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011. 17(1): p. 7-12.
2. Gombas, D.E., Chen, Y., Clavero, R.S., and Scott, V.N., Survey of
Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. Journal of Food
Protection, 2003. 66(4): p. 559-69.
3. Draughon, A.F. A collaborative analysis/risk assessment of
Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat processed meat and poultry
collected in four FoodNet states in International Association for
Food Protection 93rd Annual Meeting. 2006. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Data shown in Endrikat et al. (2010)(Ref. 4).
4. Endrikat, S., Gallagher, D., Pouillot, R., Hicks Quesenberry, H.,
Labarre, D., Schroeder, C.M., and Kause, J., A Comparative Risk
Assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in Prepackaged versus Retail-
Sliced Deli Meat. Journal of Food Protection, 2010. 73(4): p. 612-9.
5. Pradhan, A.K., Ivanek, R., Grohn, Y.T., Bukowski, R., Geornaras,
I., Sofos, J.N., and Wiedmann, M., Quantitative Risk Assessment of
Listeriosis-Associated Deaths Due to Listeria monocytogenes
Contamination of Deli Meats Originating from Manufacture and Retail.
Journal of Food Protection, 2010. 73(4): p. 620-30.
6. Federal Food Safety Working Group, The Federal Food Safety
Working Group Progress Report, 2011. p. 31. Available from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/fswg_report_final.pdf.
7. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection
Service and Department of Health and Human Service, Food and Drug
Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Draft
Interagency Risk Assessment--Listeria monocytogenes in Retail
Delicatessens: Interpretative Summary. May 2013. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Interagency_RA_Lm_Retail_Summary_May2013.pdf and https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/RiskSafetyAssessment/default.htm.
8. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection
Service and Department of Health and Human Service, Food and Drug
Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Draft
Interagency Risk Assessment--Listeria monocytogenes in Retail
Delicatessens: Report. May 2013. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Interagency_RA_Lm_Retail_Report_May2013.pdf and https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/RiskSafetyAssessment/default.htm.
9. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection
Service and Department of Health and Human Service, Food and Drug
Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Draft
Interagency Risk Assessment--Listeria monocytogenes in Retail
Delicatessens: Response to Peer Review Comments. May 2013. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Interagency_RA_Lm_Retail_Peer_Review_May2013.pdf and https://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/PeerReviewofScientificInformationandAssessments/.
10. Federal Register Notice. Risk Assessment of the Public Health
Impact from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in Some Ready-to-Eat
Foods Sliced, Prepared, and/or Packaged in Retail Facilities;
Request for Comments and for Scientific Data and Information. (74 FR
3617; January 21, 2009), Docket No. FDA-2008-N-0658, https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/E9-938.pdf.
11. Interagency Retail Listeria monocytogenes Risk Assessment:
Notice of a Public Meeting. (74 FR 27276; June 9, 2009). Docket No.
FSIS-2009-0012, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-06-09/html/E9-13378.htm.
Additional Public Notification
FSIS will announce this notice online through the FSIS Web page
located at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/regulations_&_policies/Federal_Register_Notices/index.asp.
FSIS will also make copies of this Federal Register publication
available through the FSIS Constituent Update, which is used to provide
information regarding FSIS policies, procedures, regulations, Federal
Register notices, FSIS public meetings, and other types of information
that could affect or would be of interest to constituents and
stakeholders. The Update is communicated via Listserv, a free
electronic mail subscription service for industry, trade groups,
consumer interest groups, health professionals, and other individuals
who have asked to be included. The Update is also available on the FSIS
Web page. In addition, FSIS offers an electronic mail subscription
service which provides automatic and customized access to selected food
safety news and information. This service is available at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_Events/Email_Subscription/. Options range
from recalls to export information to regulations, directives, and
notices. Customers can add or delete subscriptions themselves, and have
the option to password protect their accounts.
USDA Nondiscrimination Statement
USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on
the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age,
disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or
family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)
Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for
communication of program information (Braille, large print, or
audiotape) should contact USDA's Target Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TTY).
To file a written complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office
of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights,
1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call
(202) 720-5964 (voice and TTY). USDA is an equal opportunity provider
and employer.
Done at Washington, DC, on: April 24, 2013.
Alfred V. Almanza,
Administrator.
Leslie Kux,
Assistant Commissioner for Policy, FDA.
[FR Doc. 2013-11298 Filed 5-10-13; 8:45 am]
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