Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes, 24037-24040 [2013-09432]
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 79 / Wednesday, April 24, 2013 / Rules and Regulations
According to the Noncitrus Fruits and
Nuts 2011 Preliminary Summary issued
in March 2012 by the National
Agricultural Statistics Service, the total
farm-gate value of summer/fall
processed pears grown in Oregon and
Washington for 2011 was $35,315,000.
Based on the number of processed pear
producers in Oregon and Washington,
the average gross revenue for each
producer can be estimated at
approximately $23,543. Furthermore,
based on Committee records, the
Committee has estimated that all of the
Oregon-Washington pear handlers
currently ship less than $7,000,000
worth of processed pears each on an
annual basis. From this information, it
is concluded that the majority of
producers and handlers of Oregon and
Washington processed pears may be
classified as small entities.
There are three pear processing plants
in the production area, all currently
located in Washington. All three pear
processors would be considered large
entities under the SBA’s definition of
small businesses.
This rule adds a new § 927.150 to the
order’s administrative rules and
regulations reapportioning the processor
membership such that the three
processor members will be selected
from the production area at-large. This
rule will be effective July 1, 2013.
Authority for reapportioning the
Committee is provided in § 927.20(c) of
the order.
The Committee believes that this
action will not negatively impact
producers, handlers, or processors in
terms of cost. The benefits for this rule
are not expected to be
disproportionately greater or less for
small producers, handlers, or processors
than for larger entities.
The Committee discussed alternatives
to this rule, including leaving the
District 2 processor member and
alternate member positions vacant.
However, the Committee believes that
three members should continue to
represent processors on the Committee,
except the representative should be
chosen from the production area at-large
rather than from a specific district.
In accordance with the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995, (44 U.S.C.
chapter 35), the order’s information
collection requirements have been
previously approved by the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and
assigned OMB No. 0581–0189, Generic
Fruit Crops. No changes in those
requirements as a result of this action
are necessary. Should any changes
become necessary, they will be
submitted to OMB for approval.
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17:22 Apr 23, 2013
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Additional reporting or recordkeeping
requirements will not be imposed on
either small or large processed pear
handlers. As with all Federal marketing
order programs, reports and forms are
periodically reviewed to reduce
information requirements and
duplication by industry and public
sector agencies.
As noted in the initial regulatory
flexibility analysis, USDA has not
identified any relevant Federal rules
that duplicate, overlap or conflict with
this final rule.
AMS is committed to complying with
the E-Government Act, to promote the
use of the Internet and other
information technologies to provide
increased opportunities for citizen
access to Government information and
services, and for other purposes.
In addition, the Committee’s meeting
was widely publicized throughout the
Oregon-Washington pear industry and
all interested persons were invited to
attend and participate in Committee
deliberations on all issues. Like all
Committee meetings, the May 30, 2012,
meeting was a public meeting and all
entities, both large and small, were able
to express views on this issue.
A proposed rule concerning this
action was published in the Federal
Register on December 5, 2012 (77 FR
72245). The Committee made copies of
the proposed rule available to the
processed pear industry. Finally, the
rule was made available through the
Internet by USDA and the Office of the
Federal Register. A 60-day comment
period ending February 4, 2013, was
provided to allow interested persons to
respond to the proposal. No comments
were received.
A small business guide on complying
with fruit, vegetable, and specialty crop
marketing agreements and orders may
be viewed at: www.ams.usda.gov/
MarketingOrderSmallBusinessGuide.
Any questions about the compliance
guide should be sent to Jeffrey Smutny
at the previously mentioned address in
the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section.
After consideration of all relevant
matter presented, including the
information and recommendation
submitted by the Committee and other
available information, it is hereby found
that this rule, as hereinafter set forth,
will tend to effectuate the declared
policy of the Act.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 927
Marketing agreements, Pears,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
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24037
For the reasons set forth in the
preamble, 7 CFR part 927 is amended as
follows:
PART 927—PEARS GROWN IN
OREGON AND WASHINGTON
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR
part 927 continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601–674.
2. An undesignated center heading
and § 927.150 are added to read as
follows:
■
Administrative Bodies
§ 927.150 Reapportionment of the
Processed Pear Committee.
Pursuant to § 927.20(c), on and after
July 1, 2013, the 10-member Processed
Pear Committee is reapportioned and
shall consist of three grower members,
three handler members, three processor
members, and one member representing
the public. For each member, there are
two alternate members, designated as
the ‘‘first alternate’’ and the ‘‘second
alternate,’’ respectively. District 1, the
State of Washington, shall be
represented by two grower members and
two handler members. District 2, the
State of Oregon, shall be represented by
one grower member and one handler
member. Processor members may be
from District 1, District 2, or from both
districts.
Dated: April 18, 2013.
David R. Shipman,
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing
Service.
[FR Doc. 2013–09722 Filed 4–23–13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410–02–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2012–0413; Directorate
Identifier 2011–NM–257–AD; Amendment
39–17441; AD 2013–08–23]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing
Company Airplanes
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
We are adopting a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for all The
Boeing Company Model DC–10–10, DC–
10–10F, DC–10–15, DC–10–30, DC–10–
30F (KC–10A and KDC–10), DC–10–40,
DC–10–40F, MD–10–10F, MD–10–30F,
MD–11, and MD–11F airplanes. This
SUMMARY:
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 79 / Wednesday, April 24, 2013 / Rules and Regulations
AD was prompted by fuel system
reviews conducted by the manufacturer.
This AD requires adding design features
to detect electrical faults and to detect
a pump running in an empty fuel tank.
We are issuing this AD to reduce the
potential of ignition sources inside fuel
tanks, which, in combination with
flammable fuel vapors, could result in
fuel tank explosions and consequent
loss of the airplane.
DATES: This AD is effective May 29,
2013.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD docket on
the Internet at https://
www.regulations.gov; or in person at the
Docket Management Facility between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD
docket contains this AD, the regulatory
evaluation, any comments received, and
other information. The address for the
Docket Office (phone: 800–647–5527) is
Document Management Facility, U.S.
Department of Transportation, Docket
Operations, M–30, West Building
Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
DC 20590.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Serj
Harutunian, Aerospace Engineer,
Propulsion Branch, ANM–140L, FAA,
Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office
(ACO), 3960 Paramount Boulevard,
Lakewood, California 90712–4137;
phone: 562–627–5254; fax: 562–627–
5210; email: serj.harutunian@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Discussion
We issued a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would
apply to the specified products. That
NPRM published in the Federal
Register on April 18, 2012 (77 FR
23166). That NPRM proposed to require
adding design features to detect
electrical faults, to detect a pump
running in an empty fuel tank, and to
ensure that a fuel pump’s operation is
not affected by certain conditions.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
Comments
We gave the public the opportunity to
participate in developing this AD. The
following presents the comments
received on the proposal (77 FR 23166,
April 18, 2012) and the FAA’s response
to each comment.
Support for NPRM (77 FR 23166, April
18, 2012)
Airline Pilots Association
International (ALPA) supports the
language and intent of the NPRM (77 FR
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17:22 Apr 23, 2013
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23166, April 18, 2012), and agreed that
the proposed actions will enhance
safety.
Request To Delay AD Pending Release
of Service Information
Two commenters requested that we
delay issuing the AD until Boeing has
released service information. (Specific
modifications and solutions were not
included in the NPRM (77 FR 23166,
April 18, 2012).)
Noting that Boeing had planned to
issue several service bulletins to prevent
the identified unsafe condition, FedEx
requested that we delay issuing the AD
until Boeing has released relevant
service information. FedEx
recommended that we coordinate with
Boeing on recommendations to address
the unsafe condition.
UPS requested that we extend the
comment period until a minimum of 45
days after publication of all associated
service bulletins to provide operators
sufficient information to make the
design changes.
We do not agree to delay issuance of
this AD. We have identified a potential
unsafe condition that needs to be
corrected; however, Boeing has not
finalized service information to address
that condition. In light of the unsafe
condition, we have determined that we
cannot delay issuance of this AD, and
must proceed without service
information. We find that the 60-month
time frame specified in paragraph (g) of
this AD will provide adequate time for
issuance and implementation of service
information. We have not changed this
final rule regarding this issue.
Request To Revise Applicability
FedEx and Boeing requested that we
revise the applicability to specifically
exclude airplanes on which the
auxiliary fuel tanks have been removed.
FedEx reported that it has modified
several MD–11s and MD–10s by
removing the forward auxiliary tanks or
center auxiliary tanks, as well as the
fuel pumps and related hardware.
We agree that removal of the auxiliary
fuel tank eliminates the identified
unsafe condition. We have changed
paragraph (g) in this final rule to
exclude airplanes when Boeinginstalled auxiliary fuel tanks are
removed.
Request To Clarify Intent of Proposed
Actions
FedEx stated that certain language in
the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012)
may be too broad. By way of example,
FedEx cited the requirement to add
design features ‘‘to detect electrical
faults.’’ Inferring that this required
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detecting all electrical faults, FedEx
asserted that, even if a device could
detect all electrical faults, the cost of its
installation would be prohibitive. FedEx
recommended limiting the requirement
to specify detecting ‘‘certain’’ electrical
faults.
We disagree that it is necessary to
change the AD. The NPRM (77 FR
23166, April 18, 2012) intentionally
described certain failure conditions in
broad terms. The intent was to provide
operators unrestricted options to define
design changes based on individual
safety assessments. Certain electrical
faults may be single failures or a
combination of failures such as phaseto-phase shorts, phase-to-ground shorts,
and over-voltage or over-current
electrical failure conditions.
Request To Revise Cost Estimate
FedEx questioned how the FAA
determined the estimated cost of the
modification, since the NPRM (77 FR
23166, April 18, 2012) provided no
information about specific proposed
modifications or required parts. FedEx
suggested that the estimated cost would
be different for each fleet type. UPS
questioned the accuracy of the cost
estimates in the NPRM, given the lack
of technical data.
Based on current efforts developing
service information, Boeing estimated
that modification labor costs could vary
from 111 to 280 hours depending on the
number of pumps on an airplane.
Boeing also reported that the AD affects
about 341 U.S.-registered airplanes (not
180 airplanes, as stated in the NPRM (77
FR 23166, April 18, 2012)). Boeing
requested that we revise the costs of
compliance accordingly.
The estimated costs in the NPRM (77
FR 23166, April 18, 2012) were based on
recent design change solutions installed
on similar center wing tanks on
transport category airplanes. We have
revised the cost estimate in this final
rule to reflect Boeing’s updated figures,
including increased work hours (152
hours) and parts costs ($137,500), based
on an average of 10 pumps per airplane.
No single cost figure will be accurate for
all operators, however, since labor and
parts costs will vary depending on the
type of certified design change solutions
provided by the operators.
Request for Terminating Action
UPS stated that overall safety would
be better met if protective devices (fault
current detectors) were installed for all
17 pumps on its Model MD–11
airplanes—regardless of tank location.
UPS requested that we revise the NPRM
(77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) to specify
that installing fault current detectors
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 79 / Wednesday, April 24, 2013 / Rules and Regulations
terminates the 18-month repetitive
inspection requirement on the
‘‘epocast’’ fuel pump connector, part
number (P/N) 60–84351, as mandated
by AD 2002–13–10, Amendment 39–
12798 (67 FR 45053, July 8, 2002), or
AD 2011–11–05, Amendment 39–16704
(76 FR 31462, June 1, 2011). (Those ADs
address the same unsafe condition
identified in this AD, on the same
affected airplanes.)
We agree that compliance with the
requirements of this AD is considered
terminating action for the two
referenced ADs. Physical inspection of
all pumps every 18 months would be
labor intensive and time consuming.
Further, Boeing has not provided
service information to otherwise
preclude use of any other pumps during
flight. We have changed paragraph (g)(1)
in this final rule to require protective
devices on electrically powered
alternate current (AC) fuel pumps
installed in fuel tanks that normally
empty during flight. (This proposed
requirement in the NPRM (77 FR 23166,
April 18, 2012) extended to any
electrically powered fuel pump in those
tanks.) We have added new paragraph
(h) in this final rule to terminate the 18month repetitive inspections for all
pumps, regardless whether they are
installed in a tank that normally
empties, affected by AD 2002–13–10,
Amendment 39–12798 (67 FR 45053,
July 8, 2002), or AD 2011–11–05,
Amendment 39–16704 (76 FR 31462,
June 1, 2011), after accomplishment of
paragraph (g)(1) of this AD.
Request To Expand or Remove
Automatic Shutoff Limits
Paragraph (g)(2) of the NPRM (77 FR
23166, April 18, 2012) would require
additional design features that will
automatically shut off a dry-running
pump in an empty tank within 60
seconds if the flight crew does not shut
24039
it off. FedEx and UPS stated that their
Model MD–11 and MD–10 airplanes
already have design features installed by
the original equipment manufacturer
(OEM) that shut off the affected pumps
automatically, but will not meet the
prescribed 60-second time limit. The
commenters asserted that a system
design change is not necessary.
We agree. Model MD–11 and MD–10
airplanes with two-person flight crews
already have OEM-installed equipment
designed to shut off the fuel pumps
automatically. We agree that the
automatic shut-off time for two-person
flight-crew airplanes, which have design
features that were originally installed by
the airplane manufacturer, may exceed
60 seconds. But for airplanes with threeperson flight crews, such as Model DC–
10 airplanes that do not have OEMinstalled equipment, any fuel pump
running in an empty tank must be
manually shut off by a flight crew
within 60 seconds. In either case,
regardless of the number of flight crew,
all airplanes must be in compliance
with the requirements of paragraph
(g)(4) of this AD.
ALIs or CDCCLs must be approved by
the Manager of the Los Angeles Aircraft
Certification Office.
Request To Require Airworthiness
Limitations
Boeing commented that the proposed
rule does not mandate any
airworthiness limitations instructions
(ALIs) or critical design configuration
control limitations (CDCCLs) regarding
repetitive inspections or functional
checks applicable to the proposed
changes. Boeing recommended that we
add a requirement to ‘‘incorporate and
comply with any related Airworthiness
Limitations.’’
We agree to provide clarification.
Paragraph (g) in this final rule requires
that the design changes be compliant
with 14 CFR Section 25.981(a) and (b)
at amendment level 25–125. These
design changes including any associated
Conclusion
Additional Changes to NPRM (77 FR
23166, April 18, 2012)
In response to requests by Boeing, we
have revised paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(3)
in this final rule to clarify the
requirements associated with the
airplane flight manual supplement
(AFMS), and we have revised paragraph
(g)(4) in this final rule to clarify that the
requirement is limited to airplanes with
tanks that normally empty during flight.
We have revised the description of the
required actions in the preamble of this
final rule to remove the requirement to
‘‘ensure that a fuel pump’s operation is
not affected by certain conditions,’’
because those requirements will be
incorporated by compliance to 14 CFR
Section 25.981(a) and (b) at amendment
level 25–125. We disagree with the
request to define certain conditions
because the AD must allow for a broader
interpretation for all airplanes affected
by this AD. We have not changed the
final rule regarding this issue.
We reviewed the relevant data,
considered the comments received, and
determined that air safety and the
public interest require adopting the AD
with the changes described previously.
We also determined that these changes
will not increase the economic burden
on any operator or increase the scope of
the AD.
Costs of Compliance
We estimate that this AD affects 341
airplanes of U.S. registry. We estimate
the following costs to comply with this
AD, based on the costs of similar
supplemental type certificate (STC)
installations, and considering an
average of 10 pumps per airplane:
ESTIMATED COSTS
Action
Labor cost
Parts cost
Cost per
product
Cost on U.S.
operators
Installing design features ...............
152 work-hours × $85 per hour = $12,920 .....................
$137,500
$150,420
$51,293,220
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Authority for this Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code
specifies the FAA’s authority to issue
rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I,
section 106, describes the authority of
the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII:
Aviation Programs, describes in more
detail the scope of the Agency’s
authority.
VerDate Mar<15>2010
17:22 Apr 23, 2013
Jkt 229001
We are issuing this rulemaking under
the authority described in Subtitle VII,
Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701:
‘‘General requirements.’’ Under that
section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in
air commerce by prescribing regulations
for practices, methods, and procedures
the Administrator finds necessary for
safety in air commerce. This regulation
is within the scope of that authority
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Fmt 4700
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because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on
products identified in this rulemaking
action.
Regulatory Findings
This AD will not have federalism
implications under Executive Order
13132. This AD will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on
the relationship between the national
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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 79 / Wednesday, April 24, 2013 / Rules and Regulations
government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I
certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under Executive Order 12866,
(2) Is not a ‘‘significant rule’’ under
DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
(44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979),
(3) Will not affect intrastate aviation
in Alaska, and
(4) Will not have a significant
economic impact, positive or negative,
on a substantial number of small entities
under the criteria of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation
safety, Incorporation by reference,
Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority
delegated to me by the Administrator,
the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as
follows:
PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS
DIRECTIVES
1. The authority citation for part 39
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
§ 39.13
[Amended]
2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding
the following new airworthiness
directive (AD):
■
2013–08–23 The Boeing Company:
Amendment 39–17441; Docket No.
FAA–2012–0413; Directorate Identifier
2011–NM–257–AD.
(a) Effective Date
This AD is effective May 29, 2013.
(b) Affected ADs
Accomplishment of the requirements of
this AD terminates certain requirements of
AD 2002–13–10, Amendment 39–12798 (67
FR 45053, July 8, 2002), and AD 2011–11–05,
Amendment 39–16704 (76 FR 31462, June 1,
2011).
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to all The Boeing
Company Model DC–10–10, DC–10–10F, DC–
10–15, DC–10–30, DC–10–30F (KC–10A and
KDC–10), DC–10–40, DC–10–40F, MD–10–
10F, MD–10–30F, MD–11, and MD–11F
airplanes; certificated in any category.
(d) Subject
Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC)/
Air Transport Association (ATA) of America
Code 28, Fuel.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by fuel system
reviews conducted by the manufacturer. We
VerDate Mar<15>2010
17:22 Apr 23, 2013
Jkt 229001
are issuing this AD to reduce the potential of
ignition sources inside fuel tanks, which, in
combination with flammable fuel vapors,
could result in fuel tank explosions and
consequent loss of the airplane.
(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the
compliance times specified, unless already
done.
(g) Criteria for Operation
As of 60 months after the effective date of
this AD, no person may operate any airplane
affected by this AD unless an amended type
certificate or supplemental type certificate
that incorporates the design features and
requirements described in paragraphs (g)(1)
through (g)(4) of this AD has been approved
by the Manager, Los Angeles Aircraft
Certification Office (ACO), FAA, and those
design features are installed on the airplane
to meet the criteria specified in 14 CFR
Section 25.981(a) and (d), at amendment
level 25–125. For airplanes on which Boeinginstalled auxiliary fuel tanks are removed,
the actions specified in this AD are not
required.
(1) For all airplanes: Each electrically
powered alternate current (AC) fuel pump
installed in any fuel tank that normally
empties during flight—such as center wing
tanks, auxiliary fuel tanks installed by the
airplane manufacturer, and tail tanks—must
have a protective device installed to detect
electrical faults that can cause arcing and
burn through of the fuel pump housing and
pump electrical connector. The same device
must shut off the pump by automatically
removing electrical power from the pump
when such faults are detected. When a fuel
pump is shut off resulting from detection of
an electrical fault, the device must stay
latched off, until the fault is cleared through
maintenance action and the pump is verified
safe for operation.
(2) For airplanes with a 2-person flight
crew: Additional design features, if not
originally installed by the airplane
manufacturer, must be installed to meet 3
criteria: To detect a running fuel pump in a
tank that is normally emptied during flight,
to provide an indication to the flight crew
that the tank is empty, and to automatically
shut off that fuel pump. The prospective
pump indication and shutoff system must
automatically shut off each pump in case the
flight crew does not shut off a pump running
dry in an empty tank within 60 seconds after
each fuel tank is emptied. An airplane flight
manual supplement (AFMS) that includes
flight crew manual pump shutoff procedures
in the Limitations Section of the AFMS must
be submitted to the Los Angeles ACO, FAA,
for approval.
(3) For airplanes with a 3-person flight
crew: Additional design features, if not
originally installed by the airplane
manufacturer, must be installed to detect
when a fuel pump in a tank that is normally
emptied during flight is running in an empty
fuel tank, and provide an indication to the
flight crew that the tank is empty. The flight
engineer must manually shut off each pump
running dry in an empty tank within 60
seconds after the tank is emptied. The AFMS
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Sfmt 9990
Limitations section must be revised to
specify that this pump shutoff must be done
by the flight engineer.
(4) For all airplanes with tanks that
normally empty during flight: Separate means
must be provided to detect and shut off a
pump that was previously commanded to be
shut off automatically or manually but
remained running in an empty tank during
flight.
(h) Terminating Action in Related ADs
Accomplishment of the actions required by
paragraph (g)(1) of this AD terminates the 18month repetitive inspections and tests
required by paragraph (a) of AD 2002–13–10,
Amendment 39–12798 (67 FR 45053, July 8,
2002), and the 18-month repetitive
inspections required by paragraph (j) of AD
2011–11–05, Amendment 39–16704 (76 FR
31462, June 1, 2011), for pumps affected by
those ADs, regardless whether the pump is
installed in a tank that normally empties,
provided the remaining actions required by
those two ADs have been accomplished.
(i) Alternative Methods of Compliance
(AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, Los Angeles Aircraft
Certification Office (ACO), FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if
requested using the procedures found in 14
CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector
or local Flight Standards District Office, as
appropriate. If sending information directly
to the manager of the ACO, send it to the
attention of the person identified in the
Related Information section of this AD.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC,
notify your appropriate principal inspector,
or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/
certificate holding district office.
(j) Related Information
For more information about this AD,
contact Serj Harutunian, Aerospace Engineer,
Propulsion Branch, ANM–140L, FAA, Los
Angeles ACO, 3960 Paramount Boulevard,
Lakewood, California 90712–4137; phone:
562–627–5254; fax: 562–627–5210; email:
serj.harutunian@faa.gov.
(k) Material Incorporated by Reference
None.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 10,
2013.
Jeffrey E. Duven,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane
Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2013–09432 Filed 4–23–13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
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24APR1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 79 (Wednesday, April 24, 2013)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 24037-24040]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-09432]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA-2012-0413; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-257-AD;
Amendment 39-17441; AD 2013-08-23]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all The
Boeing Company Model DC-10-10, DC-10-10F, DC-10-15, DC-10-30, DC-10-30F
(KC-10A and KDC-10), DC-10-40, DC-10-40F, MD-10-10F, MD-10-30F, MD-11,
and MD-11F airplanes. This
[[Page 24038]]
AD was prompted by fuel system reviews conducted by the manufacturer.
This AD requires adding design features to detect electrical faults and
to detect a pump running in an empty fuel tank. We are issuing this AD
to reduce the potential of ignition sources inside fuel tanks, which,
in combination with flammable fuel vapors, could result in fuel tank
explosions and consequent loss of the airplane.
DATES: This AD is effective May 29, 2013.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD docket on the Internet at https://www.regulations.gov; or in person at the Docket Management Facility
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays. The AD docket contains this AD, the regulatory evaluation,
any comments received, and other information. The address for the
Docket Office (phone: 800-647-5527) is Document Management Facility,
U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West
Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC 20590.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Serj Harutunian, Aerospace Engineer,
Propulsion Branch, ANM-140L, FAA, Los Angeles Aircraft Certification
Office (ACO), 3960 Paramount Boulevard, Lakewood, California 90712-
4137; phone: 562-627-5254; fax: 562-627-5210; email:
serj.harutunian@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Discussion
We issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would apply to the specified products.
That NPRM published in the Federal Register on April 18, 2012 (77 FR
23166). That NPRM proposed to require adding design features to detect
electrical faults, to detect a pump running in an empty fuel tank, and
to ensure that a fuel pump's operation is not affected by certain
conditions.
Comments
We gave the public the opportunity to participate in developing
this AD. The following presents the comments received on the proposal
(77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) and the FAA's response to each comment.
Support for NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012)
Airline Pilots Association International (ALPA) supports the
language and intent of the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012), and
agreed that the proposed actions will enhance safety.
Request To Delay AD Pending Release of Service Information
Two commenters requested that we delay issuing the AD until Boeing
has released service information. (Specific modifications and solutions
were not included in the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012).)
Noting that Boeing had planned to issue several service bulletins
to prevent the identified unsafe condition, FedEx requested that we
delay issuing the AD until Boeing has released relevant service
information. FedEx recommended that we coordinate with Boeing on
recommendations to address the unsafe condition.
UPS requested that we extend the comment period until a minimum of
45 days after publication of all associated service bulletins to
provide operators sufficient information to make the design changes.
We do not agree to delay issuance of this AD. We have identified a
potential unsafe condition that needs to be corrected; however, Boeing
has not finalized service information to address that condition. In
light of the unsafe condition, we have determined that we cannot delay
issuance of this AD, and must proceed without service information. We
find that the 60-month time frame specified in paragraph (g) of this AD
will provide adequate time for issuance and implementation of service
information. We have not changed this final rule regarding this issue.
Request To Revise Applicability
FedEx and Boeing requested that we revise the applicability to
specifically exclude airplanes on which the auxiliary fuel tanks have
been removed. FedEx reported that it has modified several MD-11s and
MD-10s by removing the forward auxiliary tanks or center auxiliary
tanks, as well as the fuel pumps and related hardware.
We agree that removal of the auxiliary fuel tank eliminates the
identified unsafe condition. We have changed paragraph (g) in this
final rule to exclude airplanes when Boeing-installed auxiliary fuel
tanks are removed.
Request To Clarify Intent of Proposed Actions
FedEx stated that certain language in the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April
18, 2012) may be too broad. By way of example, FedEx cited the
requirement to add design features ``to detect electrical faults.''
Inferring that this required detecting all electrical faults, FedEx
asserted that, even if a device could detect all electrical faults, the
cost of its installation would be prohibitive. FedEx recommended
limiting the requirement to specify detecting ``certain'' electrical
faults.
We disagree that it is necessary to change the AD. The NPRM (77 FR
23166, April 18, 2012) intentionally described certain failure
conditions in broad terms. The intent was to provide operators
unrestricted options to define design changes based on individual
safety assessments. Certain electrical faults may be single failures or
a combination of failures such as phase-to-phase shorts, phase-to-
ground shorts, and over-voltage or over-current electrical failure
conditions.
Request To Revise Cost Estimate
FedEx questioned how the FAA determined the estimated cost of the
modification, since the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) provided no
information about specific proposed modifications or required parts.
FedEx suggested that the estimated cost would be different for each
fleet type. UPS questioned the accuracy of the cost estimates in the
NPRM, given the lack of technical data.
Based on current efforts developing service information, Boeing
estimated that modification labor costs could vary from 111 to 280
hours depending on the number of pumps on an airplane. Boeing also
reported that the AD affects about 341 U.S.-registered airplanes (not
180 airplanes, as stated in the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012)).
Boeing requested that we revise the costs of compliance accordingly.
The estimated costs in the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) were
based on recent design change solutions installed on similar center
wing tanks on transport category airplanes. We have revised the cost
estimate in this final rule to reflect Boeing's updated figures,
including increased work hours (152 hours) and parts costs ($137,500),
based on an average of 10 pumps per airplane. No single cost figure
will be accurate for all operators, however, since labor and parts
costs will vary depending on the type of certified design change
solutions provided by the operators.
Request for Terminating Action
UPS stated that overall safety would be better met if protective
devices (fault current detectors) were installed for all 17 pumps on
its Model MD-11 airplanes--regardless of tank location. UPS requested
that we revise the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) to specify that
installing fault current detectors
[[Page 24039]]
terminates the 18-month repetitive inspection requirement on the
``epocast'' fuel pump connector, part number (P/N) 60-84351, as
mandated by AD 2002-13-10, Amendment 39-12798 (67 FR 45053, July 8,
2002), or AD 2011-11-05, Amendment 39-16704 (76 FR 31462, June 1,
2011). (Those ADs address the same unsafe condition identified in this
AD, on the same affected airplanes.)
We agree that compliance with the requirements of this AD is
considered terminating action for the two referenced ADs. Physical
inspection of all pumps every 18 months would be labor intensive and
time consuming. Further, Boeing has not provided service information to
otherwise preclude use of any other pumps during flight. We have
changed paragraph (g)(1) in this final rule to require protective
devices on electrically powered alternate current (AC) fuel pumps
installed in fuel tanks that normally empty during flight. (This
proposed requirement in the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) extended
to any electrically powered fuel pump in those tanks.) We have added
new paragraph (h) in this final rule to terminate the 18-month
repetitive inspections for all pumps, regardless whether they are
installed in a tank that normally empties, affected by AD 2002-13-10,
Amendment 39-12798 (67 FR 45053, July 8, 2002), or AD 2011-11-05,
Amendment 39-16704 (76 FR 31462, June 1, 2011), after accomplishment of
paragraph (g)(1) of this AD.
Request To Expand or Remove Automatic Shutoff Limits
Paragraph (g)(2) of the NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012) would
require additional design features that will automatically shut off a
dry-running pump in an empty tank within 60 seconds if the flight crew
does not shut it off. FedEx and UPS stated that their Model MD-11 and
MD-10 airplanes already have design features installed by the original
equipment manufacturer (OEM) that shut off the affected pumps
automatically, but will not meet the prescribed 60-second time limit.
The commenters asserted that a system design change is not necessary.
We agree. Model MD-11 and MD-10 airplanes with two-person flight
crews already have OEM-installed equipment designed to shut off the
fuel pumps automatically. We agree that the automatic shut-off time for
two-person flight-crew airplanes, which have design features that were
originally installed by the airplane manufacturer, may exceed 60
seconds. But for airplanes with three-person flight crews, such as
Model DC-10 airplanes that do not have OEM-installed equipment, any
fuel pump running in an empty tank must be manually shut off by a
flight crew within 60 seconds. In either case, regardless of the number
of flight crew, all airplanes must be in compliance with the
requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this AD.
Request To Require Airworthiness Limitations
Boeing commented that the proposed rule does not mandate any
airworthiness limitations instructions (ALIs) or critical design
configuration control limitations (CDCCLs) regarding repetitive
inspections or functional checks applicable to the proposed changes.
Boeing recommended that we add a requirement to ``incorporate and
comply with any related Airworthiness Limitations.''
We agree to provide clarification. Paragraph (g) in this final rule
requires that the design changes be compliant with 14 CFR Section
25.981(a) and (b) at amendment level 25-125. These design changes
including any associated ALIs or CDCCLs must be approved by the Manager
of the Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office.
Additional Changes to NPRM (77 FR 23166, April 18, 2012)
In response to requests by Boeing, we have revised paragraphs
(g)(2) and (g)(3) in this final rule to clarify the requirements
associated with the airplane flight manual supplement (AFMS), and we
have revised paragraph (g)(4) in this final rule to clarify that the
requirement is limited to airplanes with tanks that normally empty
during flight.
We have revised the description of the required actions in the
preamble of this final rule to remove the requirement to ``ensure that
a fuel pump's operation is not affected by certain conditions,''
because those requirements will be incorporated by compliance to 14 CFR
Section 25.981(a) and (b) at amendment level 25-125. We disagree with
the request to define certain conditions because the AD must allow for
a broader interpretation for all airplanes affected by this AD. We have
not changed the final rule regarding this issue.
Conclusion
We reviewed the relevant data, considered the comments received,
and determined that air safety and the public interest require adopting
the AD with the changes described previously. We also determined that
these changes will not increase the economic burden on any operator or
increase the scope of the AD.
Costs of Compliance
We estimate that this AD affects 341 airplanes of U.S. registry. We
estimate the following costs to comply with this AD, based on the costs
of similar supplemental type certificate (STC) installations, and
considering an average of 10 pumps per airplane:
Estimated Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost per Cost on U.S.
Action Labor cost Parts cost product operators
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installing design features.......... 152 work-hours x $85 $137,500 $150,420 $51,293,220
per hour = $12,920.
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Authority for this Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: ``General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.
Regulatory Findings
This AD will not have federalism implications under Executive Order
13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct effect on the States,
on the relationship between the national
[[Page 24040]]
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
(2) Is not a ``significant rule'' under DOT Regulatory Policies and
Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979),
(3) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
(4) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
0
2. The FAA amends Sec. 39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness
directive (AD):
2013-08-23 The Boeing Company: Amendment 39-17441; Docket No. FAA-
2012-0413; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-257-AD.
(a) Effective Date
This AD is effective May 29, 2013.
(b) Affected ADs
Accomplishment of the requirements of this AD terminates certain
requirements of AD 2002-13-10, Amendment 39-12798 (67 FR 45053, July
8, 2002), and AD 2011-11-05, Amendment 39-16704 (76 FR 31462, June
1, 2011).
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to all The Boeing Company Model DC-10-10, DC-10-
10F, DC-10-15, DC-10-30, DC-10-30F (KC-10A and KDC-10), DC-10-40,
DC-10-40F, MD-10-10F, MD-10-30F, MD-11, and MD-11F airplanes;
certificated in any category.
(d) Subject
Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC)/Air Transport Association
(ATA) of America Code 28, Fuel.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by fuel system reviews conducted by the
manufacturer. We are issuing this AD to reduce the potential of
ignition sources inside fuel tanks, which, in combination with
flammable fuel vapors, could result in fuel tank explosions and
consequent loss of the airplane.
(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.
(g) Criteria for Operation
As of 60 months after the effective date of this AD, no person
may operate any airplane affected by this AD unless an amended type
certificate or supplemental type certificate that incorporates the
design features and requirements described in paragraphs (g)(1)
through (g)(4) of this AD has been approved by the Manager, Los
Angeles Aircraft Certification Office (ACO), FAA, and those design
features are installed on the airplane to meet the criteria
specified in 14 CFR Section 25.981(a) and (d), at amendment level
25-125. For airplanes on which Boeing-installed auxiliary fuel tanks
are removed, the actions specified in this AD are not required.
(1) For all airplanes: Each electrically powered alternate
current (AC) fuel pump installed in any fuel tank that normally
empties during flight--such as center wing tanks, auxiliary fuel
tanks installed by the airplane manufacturer, and tail tanks--must
have a protective device installed to detect electrical faults that
can cause arcing and burn through of the fuel pump housing and pump
electrical connector. The same device must shut off the pump by
automatically removing electrical power from the pump when such
faults are detected. When a fuel pump is shut off resulting from
detection of an electrical fault, the device must stay latched off,
until the fault is cleared through maintenance action and the pump
is verified safe for operation.
(2) For airplanes with a 2-person flight crew: Additional design
features, if not originally installed by the airplane manufacturer,
must be installed to meet 3 criteria: To detect a running fuel pump
in a tank that is normally emptied during flight, to provide an
indication to the flight crew that the tank is empty, and to
automatically shut off that fuel pump. The prospective pump
indication and shutoff system must automatically shut off each pump
in case the flight crew does not shut off a pump running dry in an
empty tank within 60 seconds after each fuel tank is emptied. An
airplane flight manual supplement (AFMS) that includes flight crew
manual pump shutoff procedures in the Limitations Section of the
AFMS must be submitted to the Los Angeles ACO, FAA, for approval.
(3) For airplanes with a 3-person flight crew: Additional design
features, if not originally installed by the airplane manufacturer,
must be installed to detect when a fuel pump in a tank that is
normally emptied during flight is running in an empty fuel tank, and
provide an indication to the flight crew that the tank is empty. The
flight engineer must manually shut off each pump running dry in an
empty tank within 60 seconds after the tank is emptied. The AFMS
Limitations section must be revised to specify that this pump
shutoff must be done by the flight engineer.
(4) For all airplanes with tanks that normally empty during
flight: Separate means must be provided to detect and shut off a
pump that was previously commanded to be shut off automatically or
manually but remained running in an empty tank during flight.
(h) Terminating Action in Related ADs
Accomplishment of the actions required by paragraph (g)(1) of
this AD terminates the 18-month repetitive inspections and tests
required by paragraph (a) of AD 2002-13-10, Amendment 39-12798 (67
FR 45053, July 8, 2002), and the 18-month repetitive inspections
required by paragraph (j) of AD 2011-11-05, Amendment 39-16704 (76
FR 31462, June 1, 2011), for pumps affected by those ADs, regardless
whether the pump is installed in a tank that normally empties,
provided the remaining actions required by those two ADs have been
accomplished.
(i) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office
(ACO), FAA, has the authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if
requested using the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance
with 14 CFR 39.19, send your request to your principal inspector or
local Flight Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending
information directly to the manager of the ACO, send it to the
attention of the person identified in the Related Information
section of this AD.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office.
(j) Related Information
For more information about this AD, contact Serj Harutunian,
Aerospace Engineer, Propulsion Branch, ANM-140L, FAA, Los Angeles
ACO, 3960 Paramount Boulevard, Lakewood, California 90712-4137;
phone: 562-627-5254; fax: 562-627-5210; email:
serj.harutunian@faa.gov.
(k) Material Incorporated by Reference
None.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 10, 2013.
Jeffrey E. Duven,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 2013-09432 Filed 4-23-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P