Fisheries Off West Coast States; Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Annual Specifications, 47318-47322 [2012-19419]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 153 (Wednesday, August 8, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 47318-47322]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-19419]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 660

[Docket No. 120312182-2239-02]
RIN 0648-XA882


Fisheries Off West Coast States; Coastal Pelagic Species 
Fisheries; Annual Specifications

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: NMFS issues this final rule to implement the annual catch 
limit (ACL), harvest guideline (HG), and associated annual reference 
points for Pacific sardine in the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 
off the Pacific coast for the fishing season of January 1, 2012, 
through December 31, 2012. These specifications were determined 
according to the Coastal Pelagic Species (CPS) Fishery Management Plan 
(FMP). The 2012 maximum HG for Pacific sardine is 109,409 metric tons 
(mt). The initial overall commercial fishing HG, that is to be 
allocated across the three allocation periods for sardine management, 
is 97,409 mt. This amount has been divided across the three seasonal 
allocation periods for the directed fishery the following way: January 
1-June 30--33,093 mt; July 1-September 14--37,964 mt; and September 15-
December 31--23,352 mt with an incidental set-aside of 1,000 mt for 
each of the three periods. This rule is intended to conserve and manage 
the Pacific sardine stock off the U.S. West Coast.

DATES: Effective August 8, 2012 through December 31, 2012.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joshua Lindsay, Southwest Region, 
NMFS, (562) 980-4034.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: During the Pacific Fishery Management 
Council's (Council) annual public meetings, the NMFS Southwest 
Fisheries Science Center presents the estimated biomass for Pacific 
sardine to the Council's CPS Management Team (Team), the Council's CPS 
Advisory Subpanel (Subpanel), the Council's Scientific and Statistical 
Committee (SSC) and the Council. After the biomass and the status of 
the fisheries are reviewed and discussed, the SSC and other advisory 
bodies then provide the calculated overfishing limit (OFL), available 
biological catch (ABC), ACL and ACT (and/or HG) recommendations. 
Following review by the Council and after considering public comment, 
the Council adopts a biomass estimate and makes its catch level 
recommendations to NMFS.
    After review of the Council's recommendations from the November 
2011 Council meeting, NMFS implements in this rule the 2012 ACL, HG and 
other annual catch reference points, including an OFL and an ABC that 
takes into consideration uncertainty surrounding the current estimate 
of biomass for Pacific sardine in the U.S. EEZ off the Pacific coast. 
The CPS FMP and its implementing regulations require NMFS to set these 
annual catch levels for the Pacific sardine fishery based on the annual 
specification framework in the FMP. This framework includes a harvest 
control rule that determines the maximum HG, the primary management 
target for the fishery, for the current fishing season. This level is 
reduced from the Maximum Sustainable Yield/OFL level for economic and 
ecological considerations. The HG is based, in large part, on the 
current estimate of stock biomass for the northern subpopulation of 
Pacific sardine. The harvest control rule in the CPS FMP is HG = 
[(Biomass-Cutoff) * Fraction * Distribution] with the parameters 
described as follows:
    1. Biomass. The estimated stock biomass of Pacific sardine age one 
and above for the 2012 management season is 988,385 mt.
    2. Cutoff. This is the biomass level below which no commercial 
fishery is allowed. The FMP established this level at 150,000 mt.
    3. Distribution. The portion of the northern subpopulation of the 
Pacific sardine biomass estimated in the EEZ off the Pacific coast is 
87 percent. This parameter is used to prorate the biomass used to 
calculate the target harvest level to account for the transboundary 
nature of the resource.
    4. Fraction. The harvest fraction is the percentage of the biomass 
above 150,000 mt that may be harvested.
    At the November 2011 Council meeting, the Council adopted the 2012 
assessment of the Pacific sardine resource and a Pacific sardine 
biomass estimate of 988,385 mt. Based on recommendations from its SSC 
and other advisory bodies, the Council recommended, and NMFS is 
implementing, an overfishing limit of 154,781 mt, an acceptable 
biological catch (ABC) of 141,289 mt, an annual catch limit of 141,289 
mt (equal to the ABC) and a maximum harvest guideline (HG) (HGs under 
the CPS FMP are

[[Page 47319]]

operationally similar to annual catch targets (ACT)) of 109,409 metric 
tons (mt) for the 2012 Pacific sardine fishing year. These catch 
specifications are based on the most recent stock assessment and the 
control rules established in the CPS FMP.
    The Council also recommended, and NMFS is implementing, 
establishment of an the initial overall commercial fishing HG of 97,409 
mt Pacific sardine and allocation of that HG across the three 
allocation periods. This number has been reduced from the maximum HG by 
12,000 mt: (i) For potential harvest by the Quinault Indian Nation of 
up to 9,000 mt; and (ii) 3,000 mt, which is initially reserved for 
potential use under an exempted fishing permit(s) (EFPs). Additionally, 
incidental catch set asides are in place for each allocation period. 
The purpose of the incidental set-aside allotments and allowance of an 
incidental catch-only fishery is to allow for the restricted incidental 
landings of Pacific sardine in other fisheries, particularly other CPS 
fisheries, when a seasonal directed fishery is closed to reduce bycatch 
and allow for continued prosecution of other important CPS fisheries.
    For the 2012 Pacific sardine fishing season, the incidental set 
asides and adjusted directed harvest levels for each period are shown 
in the following table in metric tons:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              January 1- June      July 1-       September 15-
                                                     30          September 14     December 31         Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Seasonal Allocation...................           34,093           38,964           24,352           97,409
                                                        (35%)            (40%)            (25%)
Incidental Set Aside........................            1,000            1,000            1,000            3,000
Adjusted Directed Harvest Allocation........           33,093           37,964           23,352           94,409
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Although the 2012 HG is well below that of the ACL, additional 
inseason accountability measures are in place to ensure the fishery 
stays within the HG. If during any of the seasonal allocation periods 
the applicable adjusted directed harvest allocation is projected to be 
taken, fishing will be closed to directed harvest and only incidental 
harvest will be allowed. For the remainder of the period, any 
incidental Pacific sardine landings will be counted against that 
period's incidental set-aside. The incidental fishery will also be 
constrained to a 30 percent by weight incidental catch rate when 
Pacific sardine are landed with other CPS so as to minimize the 
targeting of Pacific sardine. In the event that an incidental set-aside 
is projected to be attained, the incidental fishery will be closed for 
the remainder of the period. If the set-aside is either not fully 
attained or is exceeded in a given seasonal period, the directed 
harvest allocation in the following seasonal period will automatically 
be adjusted upward or downward accordingly to account for the 
discrepancy. Additionally, if during any seasonal period the directed 
harvest allocation is either not fully attained or is exceeded, then 
the following period's directed harvest total will be adjusted to 
account for the discrepancy, as well.
    If the total HG or these apportionment levels for Pacific sardine 
are reached or are expected to be reached, the Pacific sardine fishery 
will be closed until it re-opens either per the allocation scheme or at 
the beginning of the next fishing season. The NMFS Southwest Regional 
Administrator will publish a notice in the Federal Register announcing 
the date of any such closure.
    At the April 2012 Council meeting the Council approved and 
subsequently made a recommendation to NMFS to approve an EFP for all of 
the 3,000 mt EFP set-aside. NMFS will likely make a decision on whether 
to issue an EFP for Pacific sardine sometime prior to the start of the 
second seasonal period (July 1, 2012). Any of the 3,000 mt that is not 
issued to an EFP will be rolled into the third allocation period's 
directed fishery. Any set-aside attributed to an EFP designed to be 
conducted during the closed fishing time in the second allocation 
period (prior to September 15), but not utilized, will roll into the 
third allocation period's directed fishery. In response to a request by 
the Quinault Indian Nation for the exclusive right to harvest Pacific 
sardine in 2012 in their Usual and Accustomed Fishing Area off the 
coast of Washington State, pursuant to their rights to fish under the 
1856 Treaty of Olympia (Treaty with the Quinault), the Council 
recommended and NMFS approved an allocation of 9,000 mt of sardine to 
the Quinault in 2012. NMFS will consult with Quinault Department of 
Fisheries staff and Quinault Fisheries Policy representatives on or 
near September 1, 2012 to review Quinault catch to-date, Oregon and 
Washington catch to-date and any other relevant information in an 
attempt to project tribal catch for the remainder of the season. The 
purpose of this consultation will be to determine whether any unused 
portion of the 2012 Quinault Pacific sardine set-aside of 9,000 mt can 
be moved into the non-tribal third period allocation that begins 
September 15.
    Detailed information on the fishery and the stock assessment are 
found in the report ``Assessment of the Pacific Sardine Resource in 
2011 for U.S. Management in 2012'' (see ADDRESSES).

Comments and Responses

    On April 3, 2012 NMFS published a proposed rule for this action and 
solicited public comments (77 FR 19991). NMFS received two comments 
from one commenter regarding the Pacific sardine annual specifications.
    Comment 1: The commenter requested that the proposed action be 
disapproved because the harvest guideline (HG) control rule does not 
reflect the best available science for setting catch levels and results 
in a catch level that is too risky, fails to prevent overfishing, and 
does not account for the role of sardine as forage. As such, the 
commenter recommends a different approach to setting the catch level 
referring extensively to a report by the Lenfest Forage Fish Task 
Force. This report recommends that the fishing mortality rate for 
forage species be set at one-half the species' natural mortality rate, 
a rate said to have been traditionally used in some forage fisheries as 
a proxy for fishing at MSY (FMSY). The commenter references 
the Lenfest Report and a July 2011 article in the journal Science to 
suggest the harvest guideline should be set at \1/2\ of 
FMSY, but does not offer a specific suggestion for 
determining FMSY; the commenter then cites an 
FMSY rate of 0.12 pulled from modeling conducted for 
Amendment 8 to the CPS FMP and an FMSY rate of 0.18 
developed through modeling as part of the 2011 sardine stock 
assessment. The comment also states that the best available information 
is not being used for the FRACTION parameter of the HG control rule and 
that the DISTRIBUTION parameter does not reflect current catch levels.
    Response: To the extent this comment is directed to the setting of 
2012 Pacific sardine ACL, HG, and associated annual reference points 
based on the HG

[[Page 47320]]

control rule and ABC control rule of the FMP, the 2012 specifications 
are based on the best available science. As explained above under 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION, this year's biomass estimate used to 
establish the 2012 specifications went through extensive review and 
along with the resulting OFL and ABC, was endorsed by the Council's SSC 
and NMFS as the best available science. Disapproving this action, as 
requested by the commenter, would allow the fishery to take place 
without any HG or quota. The HG and seasonal allocations being put in 
place by this action are important for preventing overfishing and 
managing the fishery at a level that will achieve optimum yield while 
allowing all sectors of the Pacific sardine fishery fair and equitable 
opportunities to harvest the resource. To the extent that the comment 
is directed at the HG control rule established in Amendment 8 to the 
CPS FMP, this rulemaking is not intended to revise the parameters of 
the existing HG control rule, and so the comment is beyond the scope of 
this rulemaking.
    Although reconsideration of the existing HG control rule is beyond 
the scope of this rulemaking, NMFS will respond to some aspects of the 
comment that relate to the HG control rule itself, such as the FRACTION 
and DISTRIBUTION parameters. The CPS FMP and its implementing 
regulations require NMFS to set annual catch levels for the Pacific 
sardine fishery based on the annual specification framework in the FMP. 
This framework includes a harvest control rule established by Amendment 
8 to the FMP, and continued in Amendment 13, that determines the 
maximum HG, the primary management target for the fishery, for the 
current fishing season (HGs are operationally similar to annual catch 
targets) based on the current year's estimated biomass.
    NMFS agrees that Pacific sardine is an important prey component of 
the California Current ecosystem and as such the current harvest 
control rule formula used to determine the harvest guideline takes into 
account Pacific sardine's ecological role as forage. The current 
harvest control established in Amendment 8, developed after 15 public 
meetings, was chosen from a wide range of FMP harvest policies based on 
analysis of a variety of measures of performance. Of these performance 
measures, or OY considerations, six were chosen as priority 
considerations for determining which harvest policy to choose; three 
related specifically to sardine's role as forage in the California 
Current ecosystem, and three stemmed from an interest in maintaining a 
predictable and constant flow of catch and revenues over the long term. 
The current harvest policy was chosen because it is the most 
precautionary as related to conserving sardine as forage, while still 
providing long-term consistent fishing yields for the fishing industry, 
ultimately resulting in OY over the long term.
    Thus, the HG control rule includes a variety of OY considerations 
as well as explicit precautions intended to prevent the stock from 
becoming overfished, prevent overfishing and continuously reduce 
harvest levels as biomass decreases (low harvest fraction and a 150,000 
mt threshold below which fishing is prohibited). These considerations 
and precautions are based on the environmentally driven dynamic nature 
of the Pacific sardine stock as well as its importance in the ecosystem 
as forage for other species. The outcome of this control rule are catch 
levels more conservative than MSY-based management strategies (OFL/
ABC), because the focus for CPS management is oriented primarily 
towards biomass versus catch, leaving adequate forage in the ocean and 
maintaining long-term, consistent catch levels for the fishing 
industry.
    Due to past shifts in sardine productivity being linked with warm 
or cold ocean regimes, the CPS FMP uses a correlation between Scripps 
Pier sea surface temperature and sardine productivity to determine the 
FRACTION parameter of the HG rule. Recent work has shown that the 
strength of the direct correlation between Scripps Pier sea surface 
temperature and sardine productivity is likely not as strong or defined 
as previously thought. However, this work did not infer that there was 
no relationship between sardine productivity and the physical 
environment (including ocean temperature). It is well established that 
environmental forcing plays a strong role in Pacific sardine 
recruitment, with temperature likely being an important factor. 
However, NOAA recognizes that based on this recent work showing that 
the explicit relationship underlying the harvest FRACTION parameter may 
not be as strong as previously thought, it should be reassessed. To 
that end, the Council is planning a future workshop to determine what 
key fishery management parameters, such as FMSY or 
components of the HG control rule, in particular the temperature-based 
harvest FRACTION, should be reviewed and/or revised. Until the review 
process is completed, however, NOAA still considers the current control 
rule as the best available science for setting harvest levels for 
Pacific sardine. Additionally, on its own, a FRACTION at 15 percent 
would be considered conservative based on the below discussion of 
fishing mortality rates, but when used in concert with the other 
formula parameters it is particularly cautious. Fifteen percent is also 
less than the FMSY of 18 percent used in the OFL and ABC 
calculations, therefore adding further protection to the stock.
    With regard to the DISTRIBUTION parameter of the sardine HG control 
rule, which is also used in the MSY type control rules (OFL and ABC), 
it is a measure of the average ``distribution'' of biomass for the 
northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine, not ``catch.'' The 
Distribution parameter is not intended to reflect the proportion of 
coastwide catch that Canada and Mexico actually catch, or are entitled 
to catch. The HG control rule was not developed with the assumptions 
that the entire biomass is readily available to the fleet, that there 
are no other fishing restrictions, or that U.S. fishing restrictions 
match those of other countries. Obviously, these assumptions are not 
correct. For example the U.S. fishery was only open for 83 days in 
2011, while Mexico and Canada were not bound by this restriction. 
Additionally, the majority of the sardine biomass typically is outside 
the fishing area of the U.S. fleet, as sardines occur up to 300 
nautical miles offshore and fisherman typically fish within 5 miles 
from shore. Therefore, the DISTRIBUTION factor is not incorrect on the 
basis that it does not reflect current catch levels between the three 
countries that harvest the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine, 
because it was never intended to reflect catch levels. Additionally, 
due to mixing of the southern and northern subpopulations of Pacific 
sardine off of northern Baja Mexico, a significant amount of the 
Mexican catch referenced by the commenter is actually from the southern 
subpopulation of Pacific sardine not the northern subpopulation; only 
the northern subpopulation is monitored and managed under the CPS FMP.
    Additionally, the commenter states that the information used to 
develop the current percentage used for the Distribution parameter 
(87%) came from data collected during low biomass years and that it is 
a greater percentage then was used by the State of California (59%) to 
set the state quota in 1998. Although it is correct that the State of 
California used a distribution factor of 59% in setting California 
quotas in 1998, this proportion was based on a regional biomass 
estimate that included sardine only off the area between Baja 
California and San Francisco. This 59%

[[Page 47321]]

figure was probably a reasonable estimate of the fraction of sardine 
biomass in the region surveyed (the southern distribution of the 
stock), however the currently used 87% is based on the entire 
distribution of the stock which extends from the U.S./Canada border to 
U.S./Mexico border). Additionally, because the data used to calculate 
the currently used 87% came from low biomass years, this actually 
results in an underestimate for years with medium to high biomass.
    With respect to the commenter's suggestion that catch levels should 
not be set based on the existing HG control rule but rather be set in 
accordance with recommendations in the Lenfest Report, it is 
illustrative to play out what this might mean. The Lenfest Report 
recommends that harvest be set at \1/2\ the natural mortality rate for 
forage species; since the estimated natural mortality rate for Pacific 
sardine is 0.4 of biomass, therefore, based on the Lenfest 
recommendation, the harvest rate for Pacific sardine should be 0.2 of 
biomass. Under the MSY control rule in the CPS FMP, the FMSY 
for the sardine in 2012 is 0.18 (i.e. the OFL), which is a fishing rate 
below 0.2, and the result of this year's HG control rule is well below 
this rate at 0.11. Therefore, even if this rulemaking included 
reconsideration of the HG control rule itself, following the \1/2\-
natural-mortality recommendation would be less precautionary than the 
fishing level for 2012 under the HG control rule of the CPS FMP. To 
further highlight the current conservative nature of the management in 
place for Pacific sardine, due to the existing HG control rule and 
other management measures such as the 200,000 mt maximum catch level in 
place, annual fishing mortality rates can never exceed .12. Second, 
NMFS also notes that there is a very large difference (approximately 
45,000 mt and 32,000 mt respectively) between the higher OFL and ABC/
ACL levels and the lower HG catch level (which is the maximum directed 
fishing level) for the 2012 fishing year. The lower HG is the result of 
OY considerations and the management strategy in the CPS FMP that 
limits Pacific sardine to catch levels more conservative than needed to 
simply avoid overfishing as described under National Standard 1 or a 
risk of exceeding the ACL due to management uncertainty.
    The commenter's recommendation to use a static management approach 
apparently does not include precautionary parameters that account for 
natural variability of the Pacific sardine stock as does the HG formula 
of the FMP. Furthermore, the commenter offered no clear standard for 
this approach; instead, commenter referenced an FMSY of 0.12 
that appeared in a table in the environmental impact statement for 
Amendment 8 to the CPS FMP; commenter also references the estimated 
FMSY of 0.18 from a modeling exercise in Appendix 4 of the 
2011 sardine stock assessment prepared by the NMFS Southwest Fisheries 
Science Center; the intent this estimate was for use in the calculation 
of OFL and intent of preventing overfishing. Neither modeling exercise 
was intended to result in an estimate of actual FMSY in the 
context of the recommendations presented by the commenter.
    NFMS recognizes that management of trans-boundary stocks, such as 
Pacific sardine, is one of the more difficult issues in managing CPS. 
The current approach in the CPS FMP sets sardine harvest levels for 
U.S. fisheries by prorating the biomass used to calculate the target 
harvest level according to the portion of the stock estimated to be in 
U.S. waters on average over time. The primary advantage of prorating 
the total target harvest level is that U.S. fisheries can be managed 
unilaterally in a responsible manner that is consistent with the MSA. 
Mexican and Canadian landings are not considered explicitly when 
harvest levels for U.S. waters are determined. However, the allowable 
harvest level in U.S. waters depends on current biomass estimates, so 
U.S. harvest will be reduced if the stock is depleted by fishing in 
either Mexico or Canada. Additionally, fishery data from both Mexico 
and Canada is used in the U.S. stock assessment to ensure the best 
available information is used to assess the stock. In practice, this 
approach is similar to managing the U.S. and other portions of a stock 
separately since harvest for the U.S. fishery in a given year depends 
ultimately on the biomass in U.S. waters.
    Prorating total harvest by the portion in U.S. waters may not 
protect CPS stocks against high combined U.S., Mexican and Canadian 
harvest, but harvest in U.S. waters will automatically decrease if 
biomass decreases. In any given year, combined harvest rates may be 
higher than desirable, and biomass and fishery yields may be reduced 
due to too much fishing. However, the total exploitation rate on the 
stock has averaged approximately only 13% over the last 10 years and is 
currently about 14.5%. The U.S. exploitation rate has averaged 7.6% 
since 2000 and is currently about 6.6%.
    Comment 2: The same commenter also stated that an Environment 
Impact Statement (EIS) should have been prepared instead of an 
Environmental Assessment (EA), the range of alternatives analyzed in 
the EA was not adequate, and alternative methods for determining the 
annual specifications should have been analyzed. Specifically, the 
commenter suggested that the EA should have analyzed the setting of 
catch limits based one half of FMSY, in addition to 
alternatives based on the existing HG and ABC control rules. In 
connection with their NEPA comment, the commenter does not indicate 
what FMSY would be. Based on discussion in another part of 
the comment letter, the commenter apparently supports using an 
FMSY of 0.12 used in an (unselected) alternative for the 
environmental analysis for Amendment 8 to the CPS FMP or perhaps an 
FMSY of 0.18 that was used as part of the 2011 sardine stock 
assessment.
    Response: Regarding the comments about the National Environmental 
Policy Act (NEPA) analysis for this action, the EA completed for this 
action demonstrates that the implementation of these annual catch 
levels for the Pacific sardine fishery based on the HG and ABC control 
rules in the FMP will not significantly adversely impact the quality of 
the human environment. Therefore an EIS is not necessary to comply with 
NEPA for this action.
    With regard to the scope and range of alternatives, the six 
alternatives analyzed in the EA was a reasonable number and covered an 
appropriate scope based on the limited nature of this action, which is 
the application of a set formula in the FMP's HG and ABC control rules 
to determine harvest levels of Pacific sardine for one year and the 
allocation of that level between allocation periods, with a set-aside 
for an exempted fishing permit and an Indian nation. The six 
alternatives analyzed (including the proposed action) were objectively 
evaluated in recognition of the purpose and need of this action and the 
framework process in place based on the HG and ABC control rules for 
setting catch levels for Pacific sardine. The CPS FMP describes a 
specific framework process for annually setting required catch levels 
and reference points. Within this framework are specific control rules 
used for determining the annual OFL, ABC, ACL, and HG/ACT. Although 
there is some flexibility built into this process in terms of 
determinations of scientific and management uncertainty, there is 
little discretion in the control rules for the OFL (level for 
determining overfishing) and the HG (level at which directed fishing is 
stopped), with the annual biomass estimate being the

[[Page 47322]]

primary determinant in both these levels. Therefore, the alternatives 
in the EA covered a range of higher and lower ABC and ACL levels in the 
context of the OFL and HG levels.
    With regard to the suggestion by the commenter to analyze as an 
alternative in this EA one-half FMSY (a static percentage 
applied to the biomass estimate) as the basis from which to set the 
annual specifications, this would not have been a pertinent alternative 
for an EA on the 2012 annual specifications. The annual specifications 
implement the FMP, which uses a harvest guideline control rule with a 
specific, ecosystem-sensitive formula. To analyze such an alternative 
would have been outside the scope of the rulemaking. The purpose of 
this EA was to analyze alternative approaches to implementing the 
existing FMP, not alternatives for changing the FMP.
    Furthermore, even if this were an EA considering amendments to the 
existing FMP, as stated above, fishery management approaches for small 
pelagic species based on equilibrium or steady-state concepts, such as 
those suggested by the commenter (i.e., MSY or BMSY), which 
ignore natural variability in abundance, are not the most appropriate 
or reasonable and therefore the current approach--which accounts for 
natural variability--is used. Although the commenter cites an 
FMSY of 0.12 from an alternative not chosen in the 
environmental impact statement for Amendment 8 to the CPS FMP as well 
as an FMSY of 0.18 from modeling conducted as part of the 
2011 sardine stock assessment, neither value was intended even in those 
documents to be used as part of an actual static MSY harvest strategy 
because biomass and productivity of most CPS change in response to 
environmental variability on annual and decadal time scales. These 
numbers were postulated as modeling exercises, or for the sake of 
considering a range of alternatives or other specific purposes. The 
harvest strategy in the FMP accounts for environmental variability and 
requires annual estimates of biomass rather than using a static harvest 
strategy.
    The commenter is welcome to recommend that the Council and NMFS 
amend the FMP to manage Pacific sardine using a steady-state formula 
that would not account for natural fluctuations or conditions, but the 
EA for the 2012 annual specifications was not the appropriate place to 
conduct the analysis of that alternative.

Classification

    The Administrator, Southwest Region, NMFS, determined that this 
action is necessary for the conservation and management of the Pacific 
sardine fishery and that it is consistent with the Magnuson-Stevens 
Fishery Conservation and Management Act and other applicable laws.
    NMFS finds good cause under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3) to waive the 30-day 
delay in effectiveness for the establishment of the harvest 
specifications for the 2012 Pacific sardine fishing season. For the 
reasons set forth below, the immediate implementation of this measure 
is necessary for the conservation and management of the Pacific sardine 
resource. This rule establishes seasonal harvest allocations and the 
ability to restrict fishing when these allocations are approached or 
reached. These allocations are important mechanisms in preventing 
overfishing and managing the fishery at optimum yield while allowing 
fair and equitable opportunity to the resource by all sectors of the 
Pacific sardine fishery. A delay in effectiveness is likely to prevent 
the ability to close the fishery when necessary and cause the fishery 
to exceed the second seasonal allocation. The directed and incidental 
harvest allocations are designed to allow fair and equitable 
opportunity to the resource by all sectors of the Pacific sardine 
fishery and to allow access to other profitable CPS fisheries, such as 
squid and Pacific mackerel. Because the directed harvest allocation for 
the second allocation period is approximately 30,000 mt greater than 
the level in 2011, NMFS did not expect that it would be necessary to 
close the directed fishery prior to the start of the third allocation 
period. However, based on current landings information, which are 
significantly higher than anticipated, NMFS expects the directed 
fishery will need to be closed during the current allocation period, 
which began on July 1. Delaying the effective date of this rule is 
contrary to the public interest because additional reduction of Pacific 
sardine beyond the incidental take limit set out in this action would 
decrease the future harvest limits, thereby reducing future potential 
catch of the stock along with the profits associated with those 
harvests. Therefore, NMFS finds that there is good cause to waive the 
30-day delay in effectiveness in this circumstance. To help keep the 
regulated community informed of this final rule NMFS will also announce 
this action through other means available, including fax, email, and 
mail to fishermen, processors, and state fishery management agencies. 
Additionally, NMFS will advise the CPS Advisory Subpanel, which is 
comprised of representatives from all sectors and regions of the 
sardine industry, including processors, fishermen, user groups, 
conservation groups, and fishermen association representatives, of 
current landings as they become available and for the public at-large 
also post them on NMFS' Southwest Regional Office Web site, https://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/.
    This final rule is exempt from Office of Management and Budget 
review under Executive Order 12866.
    The Chief Counsel for Regulation of the Department of Commerce 
certified to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration during the proposed rule stage that this action would 
not have significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. The factual basis for the certification was published in the 
proposed rule and is not repeated here.
    No comments were received regarding this certification. As a 
result, a regulatory flexibility analysis was not required and none was 
prepared.

    Authority:  16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.

    Dated: August 3, 2012.
Alan D. Risenhoover,
Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, performing the functions and 
duties of the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, 
National Marine Fisheries Service.
[FR Doc. 2012-19419 Filed 8-7-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P