Special Conditions: Tamarack Aerospace Group, Cirrus Model SR22; Active Technology Load Alleviation System (ATLAS), 42949-42952 [2012-17864]
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42949
Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
Vol. 77, No. 141
Monday, July 23, 2012
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains regulatory documents having general
applicability and legal effect, most of which
are keyed to and codified in the Code of
Federal Regulations, which is published under
50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by
the Superintendent of Documents. Prices of
new books are listed in the first FEDERAL
REGISTER issue of each week.
1. On page 41886, in the first column,
amendatory instruction 2 is corrected to
read as follows:
‘‘2. Section 404.24 is revised to read
as follows:’’
Dated: July 17, 2012.
Sharon A. Whitt,
Agency Clearance Officer.
[FR Doc. 2012–17896 Filed 7–20–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6690–01–P
EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
12 CFR Part 404
Federal Aviation Administration
[EXIM–OIG–2012–0010]
14 CFR Part 23
RIN 3048–AA02
[Docket No. FAA–2012–0485; Special
Conditions No. 23–258–SC]
Office of the Inspector General,
Export-Import Bank of the United
States.
ACTION: Final rule; correction.
AGENCY:
The Export-Import Bank of
the United States (hereafter known as
‘‘Ex-Im Bank’’) published in the Federal
Register of July 17, 2012, a final rule to
exempt portions of a system of records
from one or more provisions of the
Privacy Act. This document corrects an
inaccurate amendatory instruction.
DATES: Effective August 16, 2012.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Osvaldo Gratacos, Ex-Im Bank, Office of
Inspector General, 811 Vermont Avenue
NW., Rm. 976, Washington, DC 20571 or
by telephone (202) 565–3908 or
facsimile (202) 565–3988.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Ex-Im
Bank published a document on July 17,
2012 (77 FR 41885–41886) exempting
portions of a system of records entitled
‘‘EIB–35—Office of Inspector General
Investigative Records’’ from one or more
provisions of the Privacy Act. The
document incorrectly added § 404.24 to
subpart B of 12 CFR part 404. Section
404.24 currently exists in subpart C. The
instruction should have revised 404.24,
not added it.
Accordingly, in rule FR Doc. 2012–
17382 published on July 17, 2012 (77 FR
41885–41886), make the following
correction.
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SUMMARY:
16:44 Jul 20, 2012
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Privacy Act of 1974: Implementation of
Exemptions; Export-Import Bank of the
United States Office of Inspector
General—EIB–35—Office of Inspector
General Investigative Records;
Correction
VerDate Mar<15>2010
For
sections 23.301 through 23.629
(structural requirements), contact Mr.
Mike Reyer, telephone (816) 329–4131.
For sections 23.672 through 23.701
(control system requirements), contact
Mr. Ross Schaller, telephone (816) 329–
4162. The address and facsimile for both
Mr. Reyer and Mr. Schaller is: Small
Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
Certification Service, 901 Locust,
Kansas City, Missouri 64106; facsimile
(816) 329–4090.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Jkt 226001
Special Conditions: Tamarack
Aerospace Group, Cirrus Model SR22;
Active Technology Load Alleviation
System (ATLAS)
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions.
AGENCY:
These special conditions are
issued for the Tamarack Aerospace
Group’s modification to the Cirrus SR22
airplane. This airplane as modified by
Tamarack will have a novel or unusual
design feature(s) associated with
Tamarack Aerospace Group’s
modification. The design change will
install winglets and an Active
Technology Load Alleviation system
(ATLAS). The addition of the ATLAS
mitigates the negative effects of the
winglets by effectively aerodynamically
turning off the winglet under limit gust
and maneuver loads. This is
accomplished by measuring the aircraft
loading and moving a small aileron-like
device called a Tamarack Active Control
Surface (TACS). The TACS movement
reduces lift at the tip of the wing,
resulting in the wing center of pressure
moving inboard, thus reducing bending
stresses along the wing span. The
applicable airworthiness regulations do
not contain adequate or appropriate
safety standards for this design feature.
These special conditions contain the
additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to
establish a level of safety equivalent to
that established by the existing
airworthiness standards.
DATES: Effective Date: July 13, 2013.
SUMMARY:
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On February 15, 2011, Tamarack
Aerospace Group applied for a
supplemental type certificate for
installation of winglets and an Active
Technology Load Alleviation System
(ATLAS) on the Cirrus Model SR22
(serial numbers 0002–2333, 2335–2419,
and 2421–2437). The Cirrus Model SR22
is a certified, single reciprocating
engine, four-passenger, composite
airplane.
The installation of winglets, as
proposed by Tamarack, increases
aerodynamic efficiency. However, the
winglets by themselves also increase
wing static loads and the wing fatigue
stress ratio, which under limit gust and
maneuver loads factors may exceed the
certificated wing design limits. The
addition of ATLAS mitigates the
negative effects of the winglets by
effectively aerodynamically turning off
the winglet at elevated gust and
maneuver loads factors.
The ATLAS functions as a load-relief
system. This is accomplished by
measuring aircraft loading via an
accelerometer, and by moving a small
aileron-like device called a Tamarack
Active Control Surface (TACS) that
reduces lift at the tip of the wing.
Because the ATLAS compensates for the
increased wing root bending at elevated
load factors, the overall effect of this
modification is that the winglet can be
added to the Cirrus wing without the
traditionally required reinforcement of
the existing structure. This is the first
application of an active loads alleviation
system on a part 23 aircraft and the
applicable airworthiness regulations do
not contain adequate or appropriate
safety standards for this design feature.
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 141 / Monday, July 23, 2012 / Rules and Regulations
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Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of § 21.101,
Tamarack Aerospace Group must show
that the Cirrus Model SR22, as changed,
continues to meet the applicable
provisions of the regulations
incorporated by reference in Type
Certificate Data Sheet A00009CH or the
applicable regulations in effect on the
date of application for the change. The
regulations incorporated by reference in
the type certificate are commonly
referred to as the ‘‘original type
certification basis.’’ The regulations
incorporated by reference in Type
Certificate Data Sheet A00009CH (Serial
Numbers (S/Ns) 0002 through 2333,
2335 through 2419, and 2421 through
2437) are as follows:
14 CFR part 23 of the Federal Aviation
Regulations, effective February 1,
1965, as amended by 23–1 through
23–53, except as follows:
14 CFR 23.301 through Amendment
42
14 CFR 23.855, 23.1326, 23.1359 not
applicable
14 CFR part 36, dated December 1,
1969, as amended by 36–1 through
36–22
Except for:
Increase in amendment level from the
cirrus Model SR22 certification
basis for Regulation 14 CFR 23.301
through amendment 23–42 to: 14
CFR 23.301 through Amendment
23–48.
Addition of regulation 14 CFR 23.1306
through Amendment 23–61.
Addition of regulation 14 CFR 23.1308
through Amendment 23–57.
Change in Cirrus Model SR22
certification basis for regulation 14
CFR 23.1359 through Amendment
23–49 from: Not Applicable to:
Applicable
Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS)
Findings
ACE–96–6 for 14 CFR Section 23.221
(Spinning); refer to FAA
Memorandum, dated June 10, 1998,
for Models SR20, SR22.
ACE–00–09 for 14 CFR 23.1143(g)
(Engine Controls) and 23.1147(b)
(Mixture Controls) Refer to FAA
Memorandum, dated September 11,
2000, for Model SR22.
ACE–01–01 for 14 CFR 23.1143(g)
(Engine Controls) and 23.1147(b)
(Mixture Controls); Refer to FAA
Memorandum, dated February 14,
2001, for Model SR20.
Special Conditions
23–ACE–88 for ballistic parachute for
Models SR20, SR22.
23–134–SC for protection of systems
for High Intensity Radiated Fields
continued: (HIRF), for Models
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16:44 Jul 20, 2012
Jkt 226001
SR20, SR22.
23–163–SC for inflatable restraint
system. Addition to the certification
basis Model SR20 effective S/N
1541 and subsequent; Model SR22
S/N 1500, 1520 and subsequent.
In addition, if the regulations
incorporated by reference do not
provide adequate standards regarding
the change, the applicant must comply
with certain regulations in effect on the
date of application for the change. The
FAA has determined that the Cirrus
SR22 complies with the following
sections of 14 CFR part 23, as amended
by Amendments 23–1 through 23–61 for
the areas affected by the change.
If the Administrator finds that the
applicable airworthiness regulations
(i.e., 14 CFR part 23) do not contain
adequate or appropriate safety standards
for the SR22 because of a novel or
unusual design feature, special
conditions are prescribed under the
provisions of § 21.16.
In addition to the applicable
airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the SR22 must comply with
the fuel vent and exhaust emission
requirements of 14 CFR part 35 and the
noise certification requirements of 14
CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as
defined in § 11.19, in accordance with
§ 11.38 and they become part of the type
certification basis under § 21.101.
Special conditions are initially
applicable to the model for which they
are issued. Should the applicant apply
for a supplemental type certificate to
modify any other model included on the
same type certificate to incorporate the
same novel or unusual design feature,
the special conditions would also apply
to the other model under § 21.101.
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The SR22 will incorporate the
following novel or unusual design
features:
Winglets with an Active Technology
Load Alleviation System (ATLAS) that
incorporates a small aileron-like device
called a Tamarack Active Control
Surface (TACS).
Discussion
Tamarack has applied for a
Supplemental Type Certificate to install
a winglet and ATLAS. The ATLAS is
not a primary flight control system, a
trim device, or a wing flap. However,
there is definite applicability to ATLAS
for several regulations under part 23,
Subpart D—Control Systems, which
might otherwise be considered ‘‘Not
Applicable’’ under a strict interpretation
of the regulations. Other conditions may
be developed, as needed, based on
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further FAA review and discussions
with the manufacturer.
Special conditions are also necessary
for the effect of ATLAS on structural
performance. These special conditions
are intended to provide an equivalent
level of safety for ATLAS as intended by
part 23, Subpart C—Structure, and
portions of part 23, Subpart D—Design
and Construction.
Discussion of Comments
Notice of proposed special conditions
No. 23–12–01–SC for the Cirrus SR22
airplanes was published on May 15,
2012 (77 FR 28530). No comments were
received and the special conditions are
adopted as proposed.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special
conditions are applicable to the SR22
(S/NS 0002 thru 2333, 2335 thru 2419,
and 2421 thru 2437). Should Tamarack
Aerospace Group apply at a later date
for a supplemental type certificate to
modify any other model included on
Type Certificate Data Sheet A00009CH
to incorporate the same novel or
unusual design feature, the special
conditions would apply to that model as
well.
Under standard practice, the effective
date of final special conditions would
be 30 days after the date of publication
in the Federal Register; however, as the
certification date for the Tamarack
modified Cirrus SR22 is imminent, the
FAA finds that good cause exists to
make these special conditions effective
upon issuance.
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel
or unusual design features on one model
of airplane. It is not a rule of general
applicability and it affects only the
applicant who applied to the FAA for
approval of these features on the
airplane.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 23
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Signs and
symbols.
■ The authority citation for these
special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the
authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special
conditions are issued as part of the type
certification basis for Cirrus Model SR22
airplanes (S/Ns 0002 through 2333,
2335 through 2419, and 2421 through
2437) modified by Tamarack Aerospace
Group.
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 141 / Monday, July 23, 2012 / Rules and Regulations
1. Active Load Alleviation Systems—
Structural Requirements
(A) The following special conditions
apply to airplanes equipped with load
alleviation systems that either directly,
or as a result of failure or malfunction,
affect structural performance. These
special conditions address the direct
structural consequences of the system
responses and performances and cannot
be considered in isolation but should be
included in the overall safety evaluation
of the airplane. Any statistical or
probability terms used in the following
special conditions apply to the
structural requirements only and do not
replace, remove, or supersede other
requirements, including those in part
23, subpart E. These criteria are only
applicable to structure whose failure
could prevent continued safe flight and
landing.
(B) In addition to the requirements in
14 CFR part 23, § 23.301 Loads, comply
with the following:
SC 23.301 Loads, Probability of Failure
of Load Alleviation System
(a) Failures of the load alleviation
system, including the annunciation
system, must be immediately
annunciated to the pilot or annunciated
prior to the next flight. Failure of the
load alleviation system, including the
annunciation system, must be no greater
than 1 × 10¥5 per flight hour.
(b) If failure of the load alleviation
system, including the annunciation
system, is greater than 1 × 10¥8 per
flight hour, an independent system
functional test must be accomplished at
a periodic interval to limit time
exposure to an undetected failed
system. The time interval for the system
functional test must be selected so that
the product of the time interval in hours
and the failure of the load alleviation
system, including the annunciation
system, is no greater than 1 × 10¥5 per
hour.
(c) Failures of the load alleviation
system, including the annunciation
system, must be reported to the FAA in
a manner acceptable to the
Administrator.
(C) In place of the requirements in 14
CFR part 23, § 23.303 Factor of Safety,
comply with the following:
factor of safety of 1.5 must be applied
to determine ultimate loads.
(b) If an independent system
functional test is required by SC
23.301(b), the loads resulting from 14
CFR part 23, §§ 23.321 through 23.537,
as applicable, corresponding to the
system in the failed state without
additional flight limitations or
reconfiguration of the airplane. A factor
of safety of 1.0 must be applied to
determine ultimate loads.
(c) The loads corresponding to the
time of occurrence of load alleviation
system failure and immediately after the
failure. These loads must be determined
at any speed up to VNE, starting from 1g
level flight conditions, and considering
realistic scenarios, including pilot
corrective actions. A factor of safety of
1.5 must be applied to determine
ultimate loads.
(d) For airplanes equipped with
‘‘before the next flight’’ failure
annunciation systems, the loads
resulting from 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.321
through 23.537, as applicable,
corresponding to the system in the
failed state without additional flight
limitations or reconfiguration of the
airplane. A factor of safety of 1.25 must
be applied to determine ultimate loads.
(e) For airplanes equipped with
‘‘immediate’’ failure annunciation
systems, the loads resulting from 14
CFR part 23, §§ 23.321 through 23.537,
as applicable, corresponding to the
system in the failed state with
additional flight limitations or
reconfiguration of the airplane. A factor
of safety of 1.0 must be applied to
determine ultimate loads.
(D) In addition to the requirements in
14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.571 through
23.574, comply with the following:
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SC 23.303 Factor of Safety, Load
Alleviation Systems
SC 23.571 Through SC 23.574 Fatigue
and Damage Tolerance
If any system failure would have a
significant effect on the fatigue or
damage evaluations required in
§§ 23.571 through 23.574, then these
effects must be taken into account. If an
independent system functional test is
required by SC 23.301(b), the effect on
fatigue and damage evaluations
resulting from the selected inspection
interval must be taken into account.
(E) In addition to the requirements in
14 CFR part 23, § 23.629 Flutter, comply
with the following:
The airplane must be able to
withstand the limit and ultimate loads
resulting from the following scenarios:
(a) The loads resulting from 14 CFR
part 23, §§ 23.321 through 23.537, as
applicable, corresponding to a fully
operative load alleviation system. A
SC 23.629 Flutter
(a) With the load alleviation system
fully operative, compliance to 14 CFR
part 23, § 23.629 must be shown.
Compliance with § 23.629(f) must
include the ATLAS control system and
control surface.
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16:44 Jul 20, 2012
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42951
(b) At the time of occurrence of load
alleviation system failure and
immediately after the failure,
compliance with 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.629(a) and (e) must be shown up to
VD/MD without consideration of
additional operating limitations or
reconfiguration of the airplane.
(c) For airplanes equipped with
‘‘before the next flight’’ failure
annunciation systems and the load
alleviation system in the failed state,
compliance to 14 CFR part 23, § 23.629
Flutter, paragraphs (a) and (e), must be
shown up to VD/MD without
consideration of additional operating
limitations or reconfiguration of the
airplane.
(d) For airplanes equipped with
‘‘immediate’’ failure annunciation
systems and the load alleviation system
in the failed state, compliance to 14 CFR
part 23, § 23.629 Flutter, paragraphs (a)
and (e), must be shown with
consideration of additional operating
limitations or reconfiguration of the
airplane at speeds up to VD = 1.4 ×
maximum speed limitation selected by
the applicant.
2. Active Load Alleviation Systems—
Control System Requirements.
(A) In place of 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.672 Stability augmentation and
automatic and power-operated systems
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.672
Load Alleviation Systems
The load alleviation system must
comply with the following:
(a) A warning, which is clearly
distinguishable to the pilot under
expected flight conditions without
requiring the pilot’s attention, must be
provided for any failure in the load
alleviation system or in any other
automatic system that could result in an
unsafe condition if the pilot was not
aware of the failure. Warning systems
must not activate the control system.
(b) The design of the load alleviation
system or of any other automatic system
must permit initial counteraction of
failures without requiring exceptional
pilot skill or strength, by either the
deactivation of the system or a failed
portion thereof, or by overriding the
failure by movement of the flight
controls in the normal sense.
(c) It must be shown that, while the
system is active or after any single
failure of the load alleviation system—
(1) The airplane is safely controllable
when the failure or malfunction occurs
at any speed or altitude within the
approved operating limitations that is
critical for the type of failure being
considered;
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 141 / Monday, July 23, 2012 / Rules and Regulations
(2) The controllability and
maneuverability requirements of this
part are met within a practical
operational flight envelope (for
example, speed, altitude, normal
acceleration, and airplane configuration)
that is described in the Airplane Flight
Manual (AFM); and
(3) The trim, stability, and stall
characteristics are not impaired below a
level needed to permit continued safe
flight and landing.
(B) In place of 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.677 Trim systems requirement,
comply with the following:
SC 23.677 Load Alleviation Active
Control Surface
(a) Proper precautions must be taken
to prevent inadvertent, improper, or
abrupt Tamarack Active Control Surface
(TACS) operation.
(b) The load alleviation system must
be designed so that, when any one
connecting or transmitting element in
the primary flight control system fails,
adequate longitudinal control for safe
flight and landing is available.
(c) The load alleviation system must
be irreversible unless the TACS is
properly balanced and has no unsafe
flutter characteristics. The system must
have adequate rigidity and reliability in
the portion of the system from the tab
to the attachment of the irreversible unit
to the airplane structure.
(d) It must be demonstrated that the
airplane is safely controllable and that
the pilot can perform all maneuvers and
operations necessary to effect a safe
landing following any probable powered
system runaway that reasonably might
be expected in service, allowing for
appropriate time delay after pilot
recognition of the system runaway. The
demonstration must be conducted at
critical airplane weights and center of
gravity positions.
(C) In place of 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.683 Operation tests requirement,
comply with the following:
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SC 23.683
Operation tests
(a) It must be shown by operation
tests that, when the load alleviation
system is active and operational and
loaded as prescribed in paragraph (b) of
this section, the system is free from—
(1) Jamming;
(2) Excessive friction; and
(3) Excessive deflection.
(b) The prescribed test loads are, for
the entire system, loads corresponding
to the limit airloads on the appropriate
surface.
(D) In place of 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.685 Control system details
requirement, comply with the following:
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16:44 Jul 20, 2012
Jkt 226001
SC 23.685
Control System Details
(a) Each detail of the Tamarack Active
Control Surface (TACS) must be
designed and installed to prevent
jamming, chafing, and interference from
cargo, passengers, loose objects, or the
freezing of moisture.
(b) There must be means in the
cockpit to prevent the entry of foreign
objects into places where they would
jam any one connecting or transmitting
element of the system.
(c) Each element of the load
alleviation system must have design
features, or must be distinctively and
permanently marked, to minimize the
possibility of incorrect assembly that
could result in malfunctioning of the
control system.
(E) In place of 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.697 Wing flap controls
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.697
Controls
Load Alleviation System
(a) The Tamarack Active Control
Surface (TACS) must be designed so
that, when the surface has been placed
in any position, it will not move from
that position unless the control is
adjusted or is moved by the automatic
operation of a load alleviation system.
(b) The rate of movement of the TACS
in response to the automatic device
must give satisfactory flight and
performance characteristics under
steady or changing conditions of
airspeed, engine power, and attitude.
(F) In place of 14 CFR part 23,
§ 23.701 Flap interconnection
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.701 Load Alleviation System
Interconnection
(a) The load alleviation system and
related movable surfaces as a system
must—
(1) Be synchronized by a mechanical
interconnection between the movable
surfaces; or by an approved equivalent
means; or
(2) Be designed so that the occurrence
of any failure of the system that would
result in an unsafe flight characteristic
of the airplane is extremely improbable;
or
(b) The airplane must be shown to
have safe flight characteristics with any
combination of extreme positions of
individual movable surfaces.
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on July 13,
2013.
Earl Lawrence,
Manager, Small Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2012–17864 Filed 7–20–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2012–0329; Directorate
Identifier 2011–NM–139–AD; Amendment
39–17127; AD 2012–14–13]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Airbus
Airplanes
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
We are adopting a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for certain
Airbus Model A318–112 and –121
airplanes; Model A319–111, –112, –115,
–132, and –133 airplanes; Model A320–
214, –232, and –233 airplanes; and
Model A321–211, –212, –213, and –231
airplanes. This AD was prompted by
reports of some fuselage nuts found
cracked. This AD requires an inspection
to determine if certain fuselage nuts are
installed, a detailed inspection for
cracking of fuselage nuts having a
certain part number, and related
investigative and corrective actions if
necessary. We are issuing this AD to
detect and correct fuselage nuts found
cracked, which could result in reduced
structural integrity of the airplane.
DATES: This AD becomes effective
August 27, 2012.
The Director of the Federal Register
approved the incorporation by reference
of a certain publication listed in this AD
as of August 27, 2012.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
docket on the Internet at https://
www.regulations.gov or in person at the
U.S. Department of Transportation,
Docket Operations, M–30, West
Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140,
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Sanjay Ralhan, Aerospace Engineer,
International Branch, ANM–116,
Transport Airplane Directorate, FAA,
1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton,
Washington 98057–3356; telephone
(425) 227–1405; fax (425) 227–1149.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
SUMMARY:
Discussion
We issued a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would
apply to the specified products. That
NPRM was published in the Federal
Register on April 2, 2012 (77 FR 19567).
That NPRM proposed to correct an
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 141 (Monday, July 23, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42949-42952]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-17864]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 23
[Docket No. FAA-2012-0485; Special Conditions No. 23-258-SC]
Special Conditions: Tamarack Aerospace Group, Cirrus Model SR22;
Active Technology Load Alleviation System (ATLAS)
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Tamarack Aerospace
Group's modification to the Cirrus SR22 airplane. This airplane as
modified by Tamarack will have a novel or unusual design feature(s)
associated with Tamarack Aerospace Group's modification. The design
change will install winglets and an Active Technology Load Alleviation
system (ATLAS). The addition of the ATLAS mitigates the negative
effects of the winglets by effectively aerodynamically turning off the
winglet under limit gust and maneuver loads. This is accomplished by
measuring the aircraft loading and moving a small aileron-like device
called a Tamarack Active Control Surface (TACS). The TACS movement
reduces lift at the tip of the wing, resulting in the wing center of
pressure moving inboard, thus reducing bending stresses along the wing
span. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate
or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special
conditions contain the additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety
equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.
DATES: Effective Date: July 13, 2013.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For sections 23.301 through 23.629
(structural requirements), contact Mr. Mike Reyer, telephone (816) 329-
4131. For sections 23.672 through 23.701 (control system requirements),
contact Mr. Ross Schaller, telephone (816) 329-4162. The address and
facsimile for both Mr. Reyer and Mr. Schaller is: Small Airplane
Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 901 Locust, Kansas City,
Missouri 64106; facsimile (816) 329-4090.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On February 15, 2011, Tamarack Aerospace Group applied for a
supplemental type certificate for installation of winglets and an
Active Technology Load Alleviation System (ATLAS) on the Cirrus Model
SR22 (serial numbers 0002-2333, 2335-2419, and 2421-2437). The Cirrus
Model SR22 is a certified, single reciprocating engine, four-passenger,
composite airplane.
The installation of winglets, as proposed by Tamarack, increases
aerodynamic efficiency. However, the winglets by themselves also
increase wing static loads and the wing fatigue stress ratio, which
under limit gust and maneuver loads factors may exceed the certificated
wing design limits. The addition of ATLAS mitigates the negative
effects of the winglets by effectively aerodynamically turning off the
winglet at elevated gust and maneuver loads factors.
The ATLAS functions as a load-relief system. This is accomplished
by measuring aircraft loading via an accelerometer, and by moving a
small aileron-like device called a Tamarack Active Control Surface
(TACS) that reduces lift at the tip of the wing. Because the ATLAS
compensates for the increased wing root bending at elevated load
factors, the overall effect of this modification is that the winglet
can be added to the Cirrus wing without the traditionally required
reinforcement of the existing structure. This is the first application
of an active loads alleviation system on a part 23 aircraft and the
applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for this design feature.
[[Page 42950]]
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of Sec. 21.101, Tamarack Aerospace Group must
show that the Cirrus Model SR22, as changed, continues to meet the
applicable provisions of the regulations incorporated by reference in
Type Certificate Data Sheet A00009CH or the applicable regulations in
effect on the date of application for the change. The regulations
incorporated by reference in the type certificate are commonly referred
to as the ``original type certification basis.'' The regulations
incorporated by reference in Type Certificate Data Sheet A00009CH
(Serial Numbers (S/Ns) 0002 through 2333, 2335 through 2419, and 2421
through 2437) are as follows:
14 CFR part 23 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, effective February
1, 1965, as amended by 23-1 through 23-53, except as follows:
14 CFR 23.301 through Amendment 42
14 CFR 23.855, 23.1326, 23.1359 not applicable
14 CFR part 36, dated December 1, 1969, as amended by 36-1 through
36-22
Except for:
Increase in amendment level from the cirrus Model SR22
certification basis for Regulation 14 CFR 23.301 through amendment 23-
42 to: 14 CFR 23.301 through Amendment 23-48.
Addition of regulation 14 CFR 23.1306 through Amendment 23-61.
Addition of regulation 14 CFR 23.1308 through Amendment 23-57.
Change in Cirrus Model SR22 certification basis for regulation 14
CFR 23.1359 through Amendment 23-49 from: Not Applicable to: Applicable
Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS) Findings
ACE-96-6 for 14 CFR Section 23.221 (Spinning); refer to FAA
Memorandum, dated June 10, 1998, for Models SR20, SR22.
ACE-00-09 for 14 CFR 23.1143(g) (Engine Controls) and 23.1147(b)
(Mixture Controls) Refer to FAA Memorandum, dated September 11, 2000,
for Model SR22.
ACE-01-01 for 14 CFR 23.1143(g) (Engine Controls) and 23.1147(b)
(Mixture Controls); Refer to FAA Memorandum, dated February 14, 2001,
for Model SR20.
Special Conditions
23-ACE-88 for ballistic parachute for Models SR20, SR22.
23-134-SC for protection of systems for High Intensity Radiated
Fields continued: (HIRF), for Models SR20, SR22.
23-163-SC for inflatable restraint system. Addition to the
certification basis Model SR20 effective S/N 1541 and subsequent; Model
SR22 S/N 1500, 1520 and subsequent.
In addition, if the regulations incorporated by reference do not
provide adequate standards regarding the change, the applicant must
comply with certain regulations in effect on the date of application
for the change. The FAA has determined that the Cirrus SR22 complies
with the following sections of 14 CFR part 23, as amended by Amendments
23-1 through 23-61 for the areas affected by the change.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 23) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the SR22 because of a novel or unusual
design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the provisions
of Sec. 21.16.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the SR22 must comply with the fuel vent and exhaust
emission requirements of 14 CFR part 35 and the noise certification
requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in Sec. 11.19, in
accordance with Sec. 11.38 and they become part of the type
certification basis under Sec. 21.101.
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the applicant apply for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model included on the same type
certificate to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature,
the special conditions would also apply to the other model under Sec.
21.101.
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The SR22 will incorporate the following novel or unusual design
features:
Winglets with an Active Technology Load Alleviation System (ATLAS)
that incorporates a small aileron-like device called a Tamarack Active
Control Surface (TACS).
Discussion
Tamarack has applied for a Supplemental Type Certificate to install
a winglet and ATLAS. The ATLAS is not a primary flight control system,
a trim device, or a wing flap. However, there is definite applicability
to ATLAS for several regulations under part 23, Subpart D--Control
Systems, which might otherwise be considered ``Not Applicable'' under a
strict interpretation of the regulations. Other conditions may be
developed, as needed, based on further FAA review and discussions with
the manufacturer.
Special conditions are also necessary for the effect of ATLAS on
structural performance. These special conditions are intended to
provide an equivalent level of safety for ATLAS as intended by part 23,
Subpart C--Structure, and portions of part 23, Subpart D--Design and
Construction.
Discussion of Comments
Notice of proposed special conditions No. 23-12-01-SC for the
Cirrus SR22 airplanes was published on May 15, 2012 (77 FR 28530). No
comments were received and the special conditions are adopted as
proposed.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the
SR22 (S/NS 0002 thru 2333, 2335 thru 2419, and 2421 thru 2437). Should
Tamarack Aerospace Group apply at a later date for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model included on Type Certificate Data
Sheet A00009CH to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature,
the special conditions would apply to that model as well.
Under standard practice, the effective date of final special
conditions would be 30 days after the date of publication in the
Federal Register; however, as the certification date for the Tamarack
modified Cirrus SR22 is imminent, the FAA finds that good cause exists
to make these special conditions effective upon issuance.
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on one model of airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability and
it affects only the applicant who applied to the FAA for approval of
these features on the airplane.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 23
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Signs and symbols.
0
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type certification basis for Cirrus Model SR22 airplanes (S/Ns 0002
through 2333, 2335 through 2419, and 2421 through 2437) modified by
Tamarack Aerospace Group.
[[Page 42951]]
1. Active Load Alleviation Systems--Structural Requirements
(A) The following special conditions apply to airplanes equipped
with load alleviation systems that either directly, or as a result of
failure or malfunction, affect structural performance. These special
conditions address the direct structural consequences of the system
responses and performances and cannot be considered in isolation but
should be included in the overall safety evaluation of the airplane.
Any statistical or probability terms used in the following special
conditions apply to the structural requirements only and do not
replace, remove, or supersede other requirements, including those in
part 23, subpart E. These criteria are only applicable to structure
whose failure could prevent continued safe flight and landing.
(B) In addition to the requirements in 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.301
Loads, comply with the following:
SC 23.301 Loads, Probability of Failure of Load Alleviation System
(a) Failures of the load alleviation system, including the
annunciation system, must be immediately annunciated to the pilot or
annunciated prior to the next flight. Failure of the load alleviation
system, including the annunciation system, must be no greater than 1 x
10-5 per flight hour.
(b) If failure of the load alleviation system, including the
annunciation system, is greater than 1 x 10-8 per flight
hour, an independent system functional test must be accomplished at a
periodic interval to limit time exposure to an undetected failed
system. The time interval for the system functional test must be
selected so that the product of the time interval in hours and the
failure of the load alleviation system, including the annunciation
system, is no greater than 1 x 10-5 per hour.
(c) Failures of the load alleviation system, including the
annunciation system, must be reported to the FAA in a manner acceptable
to the Administrator.
(C) In place of the requirements in 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.303
Factor of Safety, comply with the following:
SC 23.303 Factor of Safety, Load Alleviation Systems
The airplane must be able to withstand the limit and ultimate loads
resulting from the following scenarios:
(a) The loads resulting from 14 CFR part 23, Sec. Sec. 23.321
through 23.537, as applicable, corresponding to a fully operative load
alleviation system. A factor of safety of 1.5 must be applied to
determine ultimate loads.
(b) If an independent system functional test is required by SC
23.301(b), the loads resulting from 14 CFR part 23, Sec. Sec. 23.321
through 23.537, as applicable, corresponding to the system in the
failed state without additional flight limitations or reconfiguration
of the airplane. A factor of safety of 1.0 must be applied to determine
ultimate loads.
(c) The loads corresponding to the time of occurrence of load
alleviation system failure and immediately after the failure. These
loads must be determined at any speed up to VNE, starting
from 1g level flight conditions, and considering realistic scenarios,
including pilot corrective actions. A factor of safety of 1.5 must be
applied to determine ultimate loads.
(d) For airplanes equipped with ``before the next flight'' failure
annunciation systems, the loads resulting from 14 CFR part 23,
Sec. Sec. 23.321 through 23.537, as applicable, corresponding to the
system in the failed state without additional flight limitations or
reconfiguration of the airplane. A factor of safety of 1.25 must be
applied to determine ultimate loads.
(e) For airplanes equipped with ``immediate'' failure annunciation
systems, the loads resulting from 14 CFR part 23, Sec. Sec. 23.321
through 23.537, as applicable, corresponding to the system in the
failed state with additional flight limitations or reconfiguration of
the airplane. A factor of safety of 1.0 must be applied to determine
ultimate loads.
(D) In addition to the requirements in 14 CFR part 23, Sec. Sec.
23.571 through 23.574, comply with the following:
SC 23.571 Through SC 23.574 Fatigue and Damage Tolerance
If any system failure would have a significant effect on the
fatigue or damage evaluations required in Sec. Sec. 23.571 through
23.574, then these effects must be taken into account. If an
independent system functional test is required by SC 23.301(b), the
effect on fatigue and damage evaluations resulting from the selected
inspection interval must be taken into account.
(E) In addition to the requirements in 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.629
Flutter, comply with the following:
SC 23.629 Flutter
(a) With the load alleviation system fully operative, compliance to
14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.629 must be shown. Compliance with Sec.
23.629(f) must include the ATLAS control system and control surface.
(b) At the time of occurrence of load alleviation system failure
and immediately after the failure, compliance with 14 CFR part 23,
Sec. 23.629(a) and (e) must be shown up to VD/MD
without consideration of additional operating limitations or
reconfiguration of the airplane.
(c) For airplanes equipped with ``before the next flight'' failure
annunciation systems and the load alleviation system in the failed
state, compliance to 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.629 Flutter, paragraphs
(a) and (e), must be shown up to VD/MD without
consideration of additional operating limitations or reconfiguration of
the airplane.
(d) For airplanes equipped with ``immediate'' failure annunciation
systems and the load alleviation system in the failed state, compliance
to 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.629 Flutter, paragraphs (a) and (e), must
be shown with consideration of additional operating limitations or
reconfiguration of the airplane at speeds up to VD = 1.4 x
maximum speed limitation selected by the applicant.
2. Active Load Alleviation Systems--Control System Requirements.
(A) In place of 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.672 Stability augmentation
and automatic and power-operated systems requirement, comply with the
following:
SC 23.672 Load Alleviation Systems
The load alleviation system must comply with the following:
(a) A warning, which is clearly distinguishable to the pilot under
expected flight conditions without requiring the pilot's attention,
must be provided for any failure in the load alleviation system or in
any other automatic system that could result in an unsafe condition if
the pilot was not aware of the failure. Warning systems must not
activate the control system.
(b) The design of the load alleviation system or of any other
automatic system must permit initial counteraction of failures without
requiring exceptional pilot skill or strength, by either the
deactivation of the system or a failed portion thereof, or by
overriding the failure by movement of the flight controls in the normal
sense.
(c) It must be shown that, while the system is active or after any
single failure of the load alleviation system--
(1) The airplane is safely controllable when the failure or
malfunction occurs at any speed or altitude within the approved
operating limitations that is critical for the type of failure being
considered;
[[Page 42952]]
(2) The controllability and maneuverability requirements of this
part are met within a practical operational flight envelope (for
example, speed, altitude, normal acceleration, and airplane
configuration) that is described in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM);
and
(3) The trim, stability, and stall characteristics are not impaired
below a level needed to permit continued safe flight and landing.
(B) In place of 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.677 Trim systems
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.677 Load Alleviation Active Control Surface
(a) Proper precautions must be taken to prevent inadvertent,
improper, or abrupt Tamarack Active Control Surface (TACS) operation.
(b) The load alleviation system must be designed so that, when any
one connecting or transmitting element in the primary flight control
system fails, adequate longitudinal control for safe flight and landing
is available.
(c) The load alleviation system must be irreversible unless the
TACS is properly balanced and has no unsafe flutter characteristics.
The system must have adequate rigidity and reliability in the portion
of the system from the tab to the attachment of the irreversible unit
to the airplane structure.
(d) It must be demonstrated that the airplane is safely
controllable and that the pilot can perform all maneuvers and
operations necessary to effect a safe landing following any probable
powered system runaway that reasonably might be expected in service,
allowing for appropriate time delay after pilot recognition of the
system runaway. The demonstration must be conducted at critical
airplane weights and center of gravity positions.
(C) In place of 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.683 Operation tests
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.683 Operation tests
(a) It must be shown by operation tests that, when the load
alleviation system is active and operational and loaded as prescribed
in paragraph (b) of this section, the system is free from--
(1) Jamming;
(2) Excessive friction; and
(3) Excessive deflection.
(b) The prescribed test loads are, for the entire system, loads
corresponding to the limit airloads on the appropriate surface.
(D) In place of 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.685 Control system details
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.685 Control System Details
(a) Each detail of the Tamarack Active Control Surface (TACS) must
be designed and installed to prevent jamming, chafing, and interference
from cargo, passengers, loose objects, or the freezing of moisture.
(b) There must be means in the cockpit to prevent the entry of
foreign objects into places where they would jam any one connecting or
transmitting element of the system.
(c) Each element of the load alleviation system must have design
features, or must be distinctively and permanently marked, to minimize
the possibility of incorrect assembly that could result in
malfunctioning of the control system.
(E) In place of 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.697 Wing flap controls
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.697 Load Alleviation System Controls
(a) The Tamarack Active Control Surface (TACS) must be designed so
that, when the surface has been placed in any position, it will not
move from that position unless the control is adjusted or is moved by
the automatic operation of a load alleviation system.
(b) The rate of movement of the TACS in response to the automatic
device must give satisfactory flight and performance characteristics
under steady or changing conditions of airspeed, engine power, and
attitude.
(F) In place of 14 CFR part 23, Sec. 23.701 Flap interconnection
requirement, comply with the following:
SC 23.701 Load Alleviation System Interconnection
(a) The load alleviation system and related movable surfaces as a
system must--
(1) Be synchronized by a mechanical interconnection between the
movable surfaces; or by an approved equivalent means; or
(2) Be designed so that the occurrence of any failure of the system
that would result in an unsafe flight characteristic of the airplane is
extremely improbable; or
(b) The airplane must be shown to have safe flight characteristics
with any combination of extreme positions of individual movable
surfaces.
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on July 13, 2013.
Earl Lawrence,
Manager, Small Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2012-17864 Filed 7-20-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P