Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis and Sampling Procedures, 38523-38530 [2012-15727]
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EPA APPROVED ALABAMA NON-REGULATORY PROVISIONS
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provision
Applicable geographic or
nonattainment area
State submittal
date/effective date
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Regional haze plan ......................
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Statewide ...............................
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7/15/2008
3. Section 52.61 is amended by
removing and reserving paragraph (a) to
read as follows:
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§ 52.61
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Visibility protection.
(a) [Reserved]
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[FR Doc. 2012–15475 Filed 6–27–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[EPA–HQ–OW–2012–0288; FRL–9693–4]
Expedited Approval of Alternative Test
Procedures for the Analysis of
Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking
Water Act; Analysis and Sampling
Procedures
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
This action announces the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s
(EPA’s) approval of alternative testing
methods for use in measuring the levels
of contaminants in drinking water and
determining compliance with national
SUMMARY:
DATES:
*
6/28/2012
This action is effective June 28,
2012.
Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800) 426–4791
or Glynda Smith, Technical Support
Center, Standards and Risk Management
Division, Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water (MS 140),
Environmental Protection Agency, 26
West Martin Luther King Drive,
Cincinnati, OH 45268; telephone
number: (513) 569–7652; email address:
smith.glynda@epa.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Explanation
*
[Insert citation of publication].
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
Public water systems are the regulated
entities required to measure
contaminants in drinking water
samples. In addition, EPA Regions as
well as States and Tribal governments
with authority to administer the
regulatory program for public water
systems under SDWA may also measure
contaminants in water samples. When
EPA sets a monitoring requirement in its
national primary drinking water
regulations for a given contaminant, the
Agency also establishes in the
regulations standardized test procedures
for analysis of the contaminant. This
action makes alternative testing
methods available for particular
drinking water contaminants beyond the
testing methods currently established in
the regulations. EPA is providing public
water systems required to test water
samples with a choice of using either a
test procedure already established in the
existing regulations or an alternative test
procedure that has been approved in
this action or in prior expedited
approval actions. Categories and entities
that may ultimately be affected by this
action include:
Examples of potentially regulated
entities
State, Local, & Tribal Governments.
Industry ......................................
Municipalities ..............................
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primary drinking water regulations. The
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
authorizes EPA to approve the use of
alternative testing methods through
publication in the Federal Register. EPA
is using this streamlined authority to
make 10 additional methods available
for analyzing drinking water samples
required by regulation. This expedited
approach provides public water
systems, laboratories, and primacy
agencies with more timely access to new
measurement techniques and greater
flexibility in the selection of analytical
methods, thereby reducing monitoring
costs while maintaining public health
protection.
Category
1 North
EPA approval date
NAICS 1
States, local and Tribal governments that analyze water samples on behalf of public water systems required to conduct such analysis; States, local and Tribal governments that themselves operate community and non-transient non-community water systems required to monitor.
Private operators of community and non-transient non-community water systems required to
monitor.
Municipal operators of community and non-transient non-community water systems required to
monitor.
924110
221310
924110
American Industry Classification System.
This table is not exhaustive, but rather
provides a guide for readers regarding
entities likely to be affected by this
action. This table lists the types of
entities that EPA is now aware could
potentially be affected by this action.
Other types of entities not listed in the
table could also be impacted. To
determine whether your facility is
affected by this action, you should
carefully examine the applicability
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language in the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) at 40 CFR 141.2
(definition of public water system). If
you have questions regarding the
applicability of this action to a
particular entity, consult the person
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
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B. How can I get copies of this document
and other related information?
Docket. EPA established a docket for
this action under Docket ID No. EPA–
HQ–OW–2012–0288. Publicly available
docket materials are available either
electronically through
www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at
the Water Docket in the EPA Docket
Center, (EPA/DC) EPA West, Room
3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW.,
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Washington, DC. Copyrighted materials
are available only in hard copy. The
EPA Docket Center Public Reading
Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding
legal holidays. The telephone number
for the Public Reading Room is (202)
566–1744, and the telephone number for
the Water Docket is (202) 566–2426.
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in
This Action
ANOVA: Analysis of Variance
APHA: American Public Health Association
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
DIC: Differential Interference Contrast
EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
FA: Fluorescence Assay
GC/MS: Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry
HCCPD: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
IMS: Immunomagnetic Separation
LC–MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography Tandem
Mass Spectrometry
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level
NaHMP: Sodium Hexametaphosphate
NAICS: North American Industry
Classification System
NEMI: National Environmental Methods
Index
PCB: Polychlorinated Biphenyl
QC: Quality Control
SDWA: Safe Drinking Water Act
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies
II. Background
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A. What is the purpose of this action?
In this action, EPA is approving 10
analytical methods for determining
contaminant concentrations in samples
collected under SDWA. Regulated
parties required to sample and monitor
may use either the testing methods
already established in existing
regulations or the alternative testing
methods being approved in this action
or in prior expedited approval actions.
The new methods are listed along with
other previously expedited methods in
Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141
and on EPA’s drinking water methods
Web site at https://water.epa.gov/scitech/
drinkingwater/labcert/
analyticalmethods_expedited.cfm.
B. What is the basis for this action?
When EPA determines that an
alternative analytical method is
‘‘equally effective’’ (i.e., as effective as a
method that has already been
promulgated in the regulations), SDWA
allows EPA to approve the use of the
alternative method through publication
in the Federal Register. (See Section
1401(1) of SDWA.) EPA is using this
streamlined approval authority to make
10 additional methods available for
determining contaminant
concentrations in samples collected
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under the SDWA. EPA has determined
that, for each contaminant or group of
contaminants listed in Section III, the
additional testing methods being
approved in this action are as effective
as one or more of the testing methods
already approved in the regulations for
those contaminants. Section 1401(1) of
SDWA states that the newly approved
methods ‘‘shall be treated as an
alternative for public water systems to
the quality control and testing
procedures listed in the regulation.’’
Accordingly, this action makes these
additional 10 analytical methods legally
available as options for meeting EPA’s
monitoring requirements.
This action does not add regulatory
language, but does, for informational
purposes, update an appendix to the
regulations at 40 CFR Part 141 that lists
all methods approved under Section
1401(1) of SDWA. Accordingly, while
this action is not a rule, it is updating
CFR text and therefore is being
published in the ‘‘Final Rules’’ section
of the Federal Register.
III. Summary of Approvals
EPA is approving 10 methods that are
equally effective relative to methods
previously promulgated in the
regulations. By means of this notice,
these 10 methods are added to
Appendix A to Subpart C of 40 CFR Part
141.
A. Methods Developed by EPA
1. EPA Method 536 (USEPA 2007) is
a direct injection liquid chromatography
tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
method for the determination of atrazine
and simazine, which are regulated in
drinking water as specified at 40 CFR
141.61(c). The analytes are separated
and identified by comparing the
retention times and acquired mass
spectra to the retention times and
reference spectra for calibration
standards acquired under identical
LC–MS/MS conditions. The
concentration of each analyte is
determined by internal standard
calibration using procedural standards.
EPA Method 536 simplifies sample
preparation because it does not require
labor- intensive clean-up or preconcentration using solid phase
extraction. It also provides laboratories
with the opportunity to use liquid
chromatography for the analytical
separation instead of gas
chromatography, which is used in the
approved methods for the determination
of atrazine and simazine.
The currently approved methods for
monitoring atrazine and simazine in
drinking water are listed at 40 CFR
141.24(e)(1). EPA Method 525.2,
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Revision 2.0 (USEPA 1995) is the only
approved method that employs mass
spectrometry for detection of atrazine
and simazine. Therefore, the method
performance characteristics of EPA
Method 536 were compared to the
characteristics of EPA Method 525.2,
Revision 2.0 for both atrazine and
simazine. EPA has found that EPA
Method 536 is equally effective for
measuring atrazine and simazine
concentrations in drinking water,
relative to the approved method. The
basis for this determination is discussed
in Smith and Wendelken (2012a).
Therefore, EPA is approving EPA
Method 536 for determining atrazine
and simazine in drinking water.
A copy of EPA Method 536 can be
accessed and downloaded directly online at https://water.epa.gov/drink.
2. EPA Method 523 (USEPA 2011) is
a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the
determination of atrazine and simazine,
which are regulated in drinking water as
specified at 40 CFR 141.61(c). The
method analytes are extracted and
concentrated from the water sample
using solid phase extraction. Extracts
are injected onto a capillary GC column
and analyzed with a mass spectrometer.
The method analytes are identified by
comparing retention times and the
acquired mass spectra to retention times
and reference spectra for calibration
standards acquired under identical
GC/MS conditions. The concentration of
each analyte is determined using the
internal standard technique.
As discussed with EPA Method 536,
EPA Method 523 can be used for the
determination of atrazine and simazine
in finished drinking water. EPA Method
523 and the approved EPA Method
525.2, Revision 2.0 (USEPA 1995) are
both GC/MS methods; however, one of
the advantages that EPA Method 523
offers relative to the approved method is
the use of solid reagents, ammonium
acetate and 2-chloroacetamide, for
sample preservation instead of
hydrochloric acid. This allows sample
bottles to be prepared in the laboratory
prior to shipment to the field, thus
eliminating the need to ship a
hazardous liquid acid. The method
performance characteristics of EPA
Method 523 were compared to the
characteristics of the approved EPA
Method 525.2, Revision 2.0 for atrazine
and simazine. EPA has found that EPA
Method 523 is equally effective for
measuring atrazine and simazine
concentrations, relative to the approved
method. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Smith and
Wendelken (2012a). Therefore, EPA is
approving EPA Method 523 for
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determining atrazine and simazine in
drinking water.
A copy of EPA Method 523 can be
accessed and downloaded directly online at https://water.epa.gov/drink.
3. EPA Method 525.3 (USEPA 2012) is
a GC/MS method for the determination
of semivolatile organic compounds in
finished drinking water. The method
analytes are extracted and concentrated
from the water sample using solid phase
extraction. Extracts are injected onto a
capillary GC column and analyzed using
mass spectrometry. The analytes are
identified by comparing retention times
and the acquired mass spectra to
retention times and reference spectra for
calibration standards acquired under
identical GC/MS conditions. The
concentration of each analyte is
determined using the internal standard
technique.
EPA Method 525.3 is a revision of
EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0
(USEPA 1995) which is currently
approved at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1) for
analysis of drinking water compliance
samples for 17 semivolatile organic
contaminants: Alachlor, atrazine,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
benzo[a]pyrene, chlordane, di(2ethylhexyl) adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate, endrin, lindane (HCH-g),
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,
hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD),
methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol,
simazine, and toxaphene. It should be
noted that for PCBs, the approved
method can only be used as a screen;
compliance with the PCB maximum
contaminant level (MCL) is based on
quantitative analysis using EPA Method
508A (USEPA 1989) as specified at
40 CFR 141.24(h)(13)(iii). Likewise, EPA
Method 525.3 can only be used for PCBs
as a screen. Some of the advantages
afforded by the revised method include:
• Use of solid preservation reagents
(ascorbic acid,
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),
and potassium dihydrogen citrate),
which eliminates the requirement to
ship liquid hydrochloric acid to the
field;
• Incorporation of flexibility that
allows analysts to take advantage of
multiple types of solid phase extraction
media and GC/MS instrumentation
options to improve method sensitivity
and data quality; and
• Improved guidance for handling the
data reduction associated with multicomponent contaminants such as
toxaphene, chlordane, and PCBs.
The method performance characteristics
of EPA Method 525.3 were compared to
the characteristics of the approved EPA
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Method 525.2, Revision 2.0 for each of
the 17 regulated semivolatile organic
contaminants. EPA has determined that
EPA Method 525.3 is equally effective
for measuring each of these 17
contaminants relative to the approved
method. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Munch,
Grimmett and Smith (2012). EPA is
therefore approving the use of Method
525.3 for the above named 17
contaminants when analyzing drinking
water compliance samples.
A copy of EPA Method 525.3 can be
accessed and downloaded directly online at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/
ordmeth.htm.
4. EPA Method 1623.1 (USEPA 2012)
is a microbiological method for the
detection of the water-borne parasite,
Cryptosporidium (CAS Registry Number
137259–50–8), in drinking water
treatment plant source waters by
concentration, immunomagnetic
separation (IMS), and
immunofluorescence assay microscopy.
Cryptosporidium is characterized using
4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining
and differential interference contrast
(DIC) microscopy. Cryptosporidium
concentrations are reported as oocysts/
L.
EPA Method 1623.1 is a revision of
EPA Method 1623 (USEPA 2005), which
is approved at 40 CFR 141.704(a) for the
detection of Cryptosporidium in water.
The primary change in EPA Method
1623.1 relative to the approved method
is the addition of sodium
hexametaphosphate (NaHMP) after
filtration of the water sample. Miller
(2012a) describes two EPA studies that
showed improved accuracy and
precision for detecting the concentration
of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water
when NaHMP was added: (1) A single
laboratory side-by-side analysis that
compared samples from nine public
water system sources processed by both
EPA Method 1623 and EPA Method
1623.1, and showed an average
Cryptosporidium recovery improvement
of 18 percentage points (p = 0.0001);
and (2) a multi-laboratory side-by-side
analysis that resulted in an average
Cryptosporidium recovery improvement
of 15 percentage points with the
addition of NaHMP for the three source
waters that were tested (p = 0.0197). The
more significant improvement in
Cryptosporidium recovery during the
side-by-side studies was particularly
associated with samples that had low
initial recovery using Method 1623.
Miller (2012b) contains the study
report that details the validation of EPA
Method 1623.1. Fourteen laboratories
demonstrated a mean Cryptosporidium
recovery from source water of 61% with
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38525
an average within-laboratory relative
standard deviation of 13%. The
precision and recovery for EPA Method
1623.1 were compared to the precision
and recovery observed in the validation
study for the approved EPA Method
1623. The Cryptosporidium reagent
water and source water mean percent
recoveries for EPA Method 1623.1 are at
least 20 percentage points higher than
the recoveries cited in the validation
study for EPA Method 1623. In addition,
the mean relative standard deviation for
Cryptosporidium measurements was
lower in both matrices for the revised
EPA Method 1623.1 demonstrating
improved precision.
The data from the EPA Method 1623.1
validation studies were used to develop
new quality control (QC) criteria for
laboratory performance. For each QC
criterion, the distribution of recovery
was estimated using random effects
analysis of variance (ANOVA). The
recovery limits were estimated at the
5th percentile of the predictive
distribution for each criterion. The
lower limit for acceptable recovery of
Cryptosporidium detected in reagent
and source water increased by 22 and 19
percentage points, respectively, over
EPA Method 1623 criteria. Thus,
laboratories performing EPA Method
1623.1 should have more accurate
detection and will be meeting more
stringent QC criteria than laboratories
following Method 1623.
Based on the validation results, EPA
has determined that EPA Method 1623.1
is equally effective for detecting
Cryptosporidium oocysts, relative to the
approved method. Therefore, EPA is
approving EPA Method 1623.1 for
detecting Cryptosporidium in drinking
water source waters. A copy of EPA
Method 1623.1 can be accessed and
downloaded directly on-line at https://
water.epa.gov/drink.
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary
Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
1. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater
(Standard Methods). EPA compared the
most recent versions of two Standard
Methods to earlier versions of those
methods that are currently approved in
40 CFR Part 141. Changes between the
earlier approved version and the most
recent version of each method are
summarized in Smith (2012). The
revisions primarily involve editorial
changes (e.g., corrections of errors,
procedural clarifications, and
reorganization of text). The revised
methods are the same as the earlier
approved versions with respect to the
chemistry, sample handling protocols,
and method performance data. The new
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versions are thus equally effective
relative to those that are currently
approved in the regulations. Therefore,
EPA is approving the use of the two
updated Standard Methods for the
contaminants and their respective
regulations listed in the following table:
Standard method revised version
Approved method
Contaminant
3125, 21st edition (APHA 2005) ...........................
3112 B–09, on-line version (APHA 2009) ............
3125, 20th edition (APHA 1998) ...........................
3112 B–99, on-line version (APHA 1999) ............
Uranium ............
Mercury .............
The 21st edition can be obtained from
the American Public Health Association
(APHA), 800 I Street NW., Washington,
DC 20001–3710. Online versions of
Standard Methods are available at
https://www.standardmethods.org.
2. ASTM International. EPA
compared the most recent versions of
three ASTM International methods
(ASTM Methods D859–10, D1179–10 B,
and D5673–10) to the earlier versions of
those methods that are currently
approved in 40 CFR part 141. Changes
between the earlier approved version
and the most recent version of each
method are summarized in Smith
(2012). The revisions primarily involve
editorial changes (e.g., updated
references, definitions, terminology, and
reorganization of text). The revised
methods are the same as the approved
versions with respect to sample
collection and handling protocols,
sample preparation, analytical
methodology, and method performance
data, and thus, are equally effective
relative to the approved methods.
An additional ASTM Method, D6239–
09, was submitted for evaluation as an
alternate test method to EPA Method
908.0 (USEPA 1980) for the analysis of
uranium in drinking water. ASTM
Method D6329–09 involves the analysis
of uranium in drinking water by alpha
scintillation with pulse shape
discrimination. This technique offers
high alpha counting efficiency since the
electronic pulse shape discrimination
reduces background counts associated
with beta-gamma interference. ASTM
Method D6239–09 incorporates
selective solvent extraction to separate
and concentrate uranium from drinking
water samples for subsequent alpha
liquid scintillation counting. With pulse
shape discrimination, the method
provides sufficient resolution to yield
limited isotopic activity levels for
uranium-238 and uranium-234 as well
as total uranium activity. EPA Method
40 CFR 141.25(a)
40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
908.0, which relies on co-precipitation
of uranium with iron hydroxide
followed by ion exchange separation to
isolate uranium, is not capable of
distinguishing among the uranium
radioisotopes. The approved methods
for uranium are listed at 40 CFR
141.25(a). The performance
characteristics of ASTM Method D6239–
09 were compared to the performance
characteristics of the approved method,
EPA Method 908.0. Smith and
Wendelken (2012b) summarizes the
research and validation data associated
with development of ASTM Method
D6239–09. EPA has determined that
ASTM Method D6239–09 is equally
effective, relative to EPA Method 908.0,
for the determination of total uranium
activity in drinking water.
EPA is thus approving the use of the
following ASTM methods for the
contaminants and their respective
regulations listed in the following table:
ASTM Revised version
Approved method
Contaminant
D859–10 (ASTM 2010a) .......................................
D1179–10 B (ASTM 2010b) .................................
D5673–10 (ASTM 2010c) .....................................
D6239–09 (ASTM 2009) .......................................
D859–00 (ASTM 2000) .........................................
D1179–99 B (ASTM 1999) ...................................
D5673–03 (ASTM 2003) .......................................
EPA Method 908.0 ................................................
Silica .................
Fluoride ............
Uranium ............
Uranium ............
The ASTM methods are available
from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959 or https://www.astm.org.
under SDWA, EPA has concluded that
other statutes and executive orders
generally applicable to rulemaking do
not apply to this approval action.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
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Regulation
V. References
As noted in Section II, under the
terms of SDWA Section 1401(1), this
streamlined method approval action is
not a rule. Accordingly, the
Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801
et seq., as added by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996, does not apply because this action
is not a rule for purposes of 5 U.S.C.
804(3). Similarly, this action is not
subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act
because it is not subject to notice and
comment requirements under the
Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute. In addition, because this
approval action is not a rule, but simply
makes alternative testing methods
available as options for monitoring
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American Public Health Association (APHA).
1998. 20th Edition of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, American Public Health
Association, 800 I Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20001–3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA).
1999. Standard Method 3112 B–99.
Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry. Approved by
Standard Methods Committee 1999.
Standard Methods Online. (Available at
https://www.standardmethods.org.)
American Public Health Association (APHA).
2005. 21st Edition of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, American Public Health
Association, 800 I Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20001–3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA).
2009. Standard Method 3112 B–09.
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Regulation
40
40
40
40
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
141.23(k)(1)
141.23(k)(1)
141.25(a)
141.25(a)
Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry. Approved by
Standard Methods Committee 2009.
Standard Methods Online. (Available at
https://www.standardmethods.org.)
ASTM International. 1999. ASTM D1179–99
B. Standard Test Methods for Fluoride
Ion in Water. ASTM International, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2000. ASTM D859–00.
Standard Test Method for Silica in
Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2003. ASTM D5673–03.
Standard Test Method for Elements in
Water by Inductively Coupled PlasmaMass Spectrometry. ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
(Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009. ASTM D6239–09.
Standard Test Method for Uranium in
Drinking Water by High-Resolution
Alpha-Liquid-Scintillation Spectrometry.
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ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–
2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2010a. ASTM D859–10.
Standard Test Method for Silica in
Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2010b. ASTM D1179–10
B. Standard Test Methods for Fluoride
Ion in Water. ASTM International, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2010c. ASTM D5673–
10. Standard Test Method for Elements
in Water by Inductively Coupled PlasmaMass Spectrometry. ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
(Available at https://www.astm.org.)
Miller, C. 2012a. Memo to the record
describing basis for expedited approval
of EPA Method 1623.1. January 20, 2012.
Miller, C. 2012b. Method 1623.1 validation
study report, ‘‘Results of the Interlaboratory Method Validation Study
using U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Method 1623.1: Cryptosporidium
and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/
FA,’’ EPA 816–R–12–002, February 2012.
Munch, J., Grimmett, P., and Smith, G. 2012.
Memo to the record describing basis for
expedited approval of EPA Method
525.3. January 23, 2012.
Smith, G. 2012. Memo to the record
describing basis for expedited approval
of updated methods from Standard
Methods and ASTM International.
January 19, 2012.
Smith, G. and Wendelken, S. 2012a. Memo
to the record describing basis for
expedited approval of EPA Methods 523
and 536. January 20, 2012.
Smith, G. and Wendelken, S. 2012b. Memo
to the record describing ATP evaluation
of ASTM Method D6239–09 and basis for
expedited approval. January 20, 2012.
USEPA. 1980. EPA Method 908.0, ‘‘Uranium
in Drinking Water—Radiochemical
Method 908.0’’ in Prescribed Procedures
for the Measurement of Radioactivity in
Drinking Water, EPA 600/4–80–032,
August 1980. (Available at the U.S.
Department of Commerce, National
Technical Information Service (NTIS),
5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA
22312 (703–605–6040). PB 80–224744.
https://www.ntis.gov.)
USEPA. 1989. EPA Method 508A, Revision
1.0, ‘‘Screening for Polychlorinated
Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas
Chromatography’’ in Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water, EPA/600/4–88–039,
December 1988 (Revised July 1991).
(Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 1995. EPA Method 525.2, Revision
2.0, ‘‘Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry’’ in Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in
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Drinking Water, Supplement III, EPA/
600/R–95–131, August 1995. (Available
at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 2005. EPA Method 1623,
‘‘Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water
by Filtration/IMS/FA,’’ EPA–815–R–05–
002. December 2005. (Available at
https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/
online.html.)
USEPA. 2007. EPA Method 536,
‘‘Determination of Triazine Pesticides
and their Degradates in Drinking Water
by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray
Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(LC/ESI–MS/MS),’’ EPA–815–B–07–002.
October 2007. (Available at https://
water.epa.gov/drink.)
USEPA. 2011. EPA Method 523,
‘‘Determination of Triazine Pesticides
and their Degradates in Drinking Water
by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS),’’ EPA–815–R–
11–002. February 2011. (Available at
https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
USEPA. 2012. EPA Method 525.3,
‘‘Determination of Semivolatile Organic
Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid
Phase Extraction and Capillary Column
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS),’’ EPA/600/R–12/010. February
2012. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/
nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
USEPA. 2012. EPA Method 1623.1.
‘‘Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water
by Filtration/IMS/FA,’’ EPA–816–R–12–
001. January 2012. (Available at https://
water.epa.gov/drink.)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
Environmental protection, Chemicals,
Indians—lands, Intergovernmental
relations, Radiation protection,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Water supply.
Dated: June 21, 2012.
Pamela S. Barr,
Acting Director, Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, 40 CFR Part 141 is amended
as follows:
PART 141—NATIONAL PRIMARY
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
1. The authority citation for Part 141
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g–1, 300j–
4, and 300j–9.
2. Appendix A to Subpart C of Part
141 is amended as follows:
■ a. By revising entries for ‘‘Fluoride,’’
‘‘Mercury,’’ and ‘‘Silica’’ in the table
entitled ‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.23(k)(1).’’
■ b. By adding entries for ‘‘Alachlor,’’
‘‘Atrazine,’’ and ‘‘Benzo(a)pyrene’’ after
the entry for ‘‘2,4,5–TP (Silvex)’’ in the
■
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table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for contaminants listed at
40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)’’
■ c. By adding the entry for
‘‘Chlordane’’ after the entry for
‘‘Carbofuran’’ in the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at
40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).’’
■ d. By adding entries for ‘‘Di(2ethylhexyl)adipate’’ and ‘‘Di(2ethylhexyl)phthalate’’ after the entry for
‘‘Dalapon’’ in the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.24(e)(1).’’
■ e. By adding the entry for ‘‘Endrin’’
after the entry for ‘‘Dinoseb’’ in the table
entitled ‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.24(e)(1).’’
■ f. By adding entries for ‘‘Heptachlor,’’
‘‘Heptachlor Epoxide,’’
‘‘Hexachlorobenzene,’’
‘‘Hexachlorocyclopentadiene,’’
‘‘Lindane,’’ and ‘‘Methoxychlor’’ after
the entry for ‘‘Glyphosate’’ in the table
entitled ‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.24(e)(1).’’
■ g. By adding the entry for ‘‘PCBs (as
Aroclors)’’ after the entry for ‘‘Oxamyl’’
in the table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for contaminants listed at
40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).’’
■ h. By revising the entry for
‘‘Pentachlorophenol’’ in the table
entitled ‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.24(e)(1).’’
■ i. By adding entries for ‘‘Simazine’’
and ‘‘Toxaphene’’ after the entry for
‘‘Picloram’’ in the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.24(e)(1).’’
■ j. By revising the entry for ‘‘Uranium’’
in the table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for contaminants listed at
40 CFR 141.25(a).’’
■ k. By adding the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.704(a)’’ after the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.402(c)(2).’’
The additions and revisions read as
follows:
Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141—
Alternative Testing Methods Approved
for Analyses Under the Safe Drinking
Water Act
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 125 / Thursday, June 28, 2012 / Rules and Regulations
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.23(K)(1)
Contaminant
*
Fluoride ........
Methodology
SM 21st
Edition 1
EPA Method
SM Online 3
*
*
Ion Chromatography ................... ...........................
Manual Distillation; Colorimetric ...........................
SPADNS.
Manual Electrode ........................ ...........................
*
4110 B
4500–F¥ B, D
Automated Alizarin ......................
Arsenite-Free
Colorimetric
SPADNS.
ASTM 4
Other
*
*
*
4500–F¥ E
...........................
...........................
*
Mercury ........
*
*
Manual, Cold Vapor .................... ...........................
*
Silica ............
*
*
Colorimetric ................................. ...........................
Molybdosilicate ............................ ...........................
Heteropoly blue ........................... ...........................
Automated for Molybdate-reac- ...........................
tive Silica.
Axially viewed inductively cou- 200.5, Revision
pled plasma-atomic emission
4.2 2.
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
Inductively Coupled Plasma ........ ...........................
*
*
4500–F¥ C
D 1179–04, 10
B
Hach SPADNS
2 Method
10225 22
*
3112 B
*
3112 B–09
*
*
*
*
D859–05, 10
*
*
4500–SiO2 C
4500–SiO2 D
4500–SiO2 E
3120 B
*
*
*
*
*
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.24(E)(1)
Contaminant
Methodology
SM 21st
Edition 1
EPA Method
*
*
*
*
Alachlor ................................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Atrazine ................................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem
Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI–MS/MS).
Benzo(a)pyrene ................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
*
525.3 24
SM Online 3
*
*
525.3 24, 523 26
536 25
525.3 24
*
Chromatography/Mass
*
525.3 24
*
*
*
*
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate ........ Solid Phase
Spectrometry
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ..... Solid Phase
Spectrometry
*
Chromatography/Mass
*
525.3 24
*
*
Chromatography/Mass
525.3 24
*
*
*
Endrin ................................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
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*
*
*
Chlordane ............................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
*
Chromatography/Mass
*
525.3 24
*
*
*
*
Heptachlor ............................ Solid Phase
Spectrometry
Heptachlor Epoxide ............. Solid Phase
Spectrometry
Hexachlorobenzene ............. Solid Phase
Spectrometry
Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene Solid Phase
Spectrometry
Lindane ................................ Solid Phase
Spectrometry
*
Chromatography/Mass
*
525.3 24
*
*
Chromatography/Mass
525.3 24
Chromatography/Mass
525.3 24
Chromatography/Mass
525.3 24
Chromatography/Mass
525.3 24
VerDate Mar<15>2010
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*
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
*
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
Extraction/Gas
(GC/MS).
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 125 / Thursday, June 28, 2012 / Rules and Regulations
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.24(E)(1)—Continued
Contaminant
Methodology
SM 21st
Edition 1
EPA Method
Chromatography/Mass
525.3 24
*
*
*
*
PCBs (as Aroclors) .............. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Pentachlorophenol ............... Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Detection (GC/
ECD).
Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
*
525.3 24
SM Online 3
Methoxychlor ........................
Solid Phase Extraction/Gas
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
*
*
*
*
Simazine .............................. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem
Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI–MS/MS).
Toxaphene ........................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
*
*
*
*
*
6640 B
*
6640 B–01
525.3 24
*
525.3 24, 523 26
*
*
*
*
536 25
525.3 24
*
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.25(A)
Contaminant
SM 21st
Edition 1
Methodology
ASTM 4
Naturally Occurring:
*
*
Uranium ..................................
*
*
*
*
*
................................................................................................................
Radiochemical .......................................................................................
ICP–MS .................................................................................................
Alpha spectrometry ................................................................................
Laser Phosphorimetry ...........................................................................
Alpha Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry .................................................
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
7500–U B
3125
7500–U C
*
*
*
D5673–05, 10
D3972–09
D5174–07
D6239–09
*
*
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.704(A)
Organism
Methodology
Cryptosporidium .......................
Filtration/Immunomagnetic Separation/Immunofluorescence Assay Microscopy .....................
*
*
*
*
EPA Method
*
1 Standard
wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with RULES
1623.1 27
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005). Available from American Public Health Association, 800
I Street NW., Washington, DC 20001–3710.
2 EPA Method 200.5, Revision 4.2. ‘‘Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry.’’ 2003. EPA/600/R–06/115. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
3 Standard Methods Online are available at https://www.standardmethods.org. The year in which each method was approved by the Standard
Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be
used.
4 Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959 or https://astm.org. The methods listed are
the only alternative versions that may be used.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
22 Hach Company Method, ‘‘Hach Company SPADNS 2 (Arsenic-free) Fluoride Method 10225—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Fluoride
in Water and Wastewater,’’ January 2011. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539. (Available at https://www.hach.com.)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
24 EPA Method 525.3. ‘‘Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column
Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).’’ 2012. EPA/600/R–12/010. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
25 EPA Method 536. ‘‘Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI–MS/MS).’’ 2007. EPA–815–B–07–002. (Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
26 EPA Method 523. ‘‘Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS).’’ 2011. EPA–815–R–11–002. (Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
27 EPA Method 1623.1. ‘‘Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA.’’ 2012. EPA–816–R–12–001. (Available at https://
water.epa.gov/drink.)
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 125 / Thursday, June 28, 2012 / Rules and Regulations
[FR Doc. 2012–15727 Filed 6–27–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 271
[EPA–R06–RCRA–2012–0367 FRL-9692–7]
Louisiana: Final Authorization of State
Hazardous Waste Management
Program Revision
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Immediate final rule.
AGENCY:
Louisiana has applied to the
EPA for final authorization of the
changes to its hazardous waste program
under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). The EPA has
determined that these changes satisfy all
requirements needed to qualify for final
authorization, and is authorizing the
State’s changes through this immediate
final action. The EPA is publishing this
rule to authorize the changes without a
prior proposal because we believe this
action is not controversial and do not
expect comments that oppose it. Unless
we receive written comments which
oppose this authorization during the
comment period, the decision to
authorize Louisiana’s changes to its
hazardous waste program will take
effect. If we receive comments that
oppose this action, we will publish a
document in the Federal Register
withdrawing this rule before it takes
effect, and a separate document in the
proposed rules section of this issue of
the Federal Register will serve as a
proposal to authorize the changes.
DATES: This final authorization will
become effective on August 27, 2012
unless the EPA receives adverse written
comment by July 30, 2012. If the EPA
receives such comment, it will publish
a timely withdrawal of this immediate
final rule in the Federal Register and
inform the public that this authorization
will not take effect.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments by
one of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal:
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
on-line instructions for submitting
comments.
2. Email: patterson.alima@epa.gov.
3. Mail: Alima Patterson, Region 6,
Regional Authorization Coordinator,
State/Tribal Oversight Section (6PD–O),
Multimedia Planning and Permitting
Division, EPA Region 6, 1445 Ross
Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75202–2733.
4. Hand Delivery or Courier. Deliver
your comments to Alima Patterson,
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SUMMARY:
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Region 6, Regional Authorization
Coordinator, State/Tribal Oversight
Section (6PD–O), Multimedia Planning
and Permitting Division, EPA Region 6,
1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75202–
2733.
Instructions: Do not submit
information that you consider to be CBI
or otherwise protected through
regulations.gov, or email. The Federal
regulations.gov Web site is an
‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which
means the EPA will not know your
identity or contact information unless
you provide it in the body of your
comment. If you send an email
comment directly to the EPA without
going through regulations.gov, your
email address will be automatically
captured and included as part of the
comment that is placed in the public
docket and made available on the
Internet. If you submit an electronic
comment, the EPA recommends that
you include your name and other
contact information in the body of your
comment and with any disk or CD–ROM
you submit. If the EPA cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties
and cannot contact you for clarification,
the EPA may not be able to consider
your comment. Electronic files should
avoid the use of special characters, any
form of encryption, and be free of any
defects or viruses. You can view and
copy Louisiana’s application and
associated publicly available materials
from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday
through Friday at the following
locations: Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality, 602 N. Fifth
Street, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70884–
2178, phone number (225) 219–3559
and EPA, Region 6, 1445 Ross Avenue,
Dallas, Texas 75202–2733, phone
number (214) 665–8533. Interested
persons wanting to examine these
documents should make an
appointment with the office at least two
weeks in advance.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Alima Patterson, Region 6, Regional
Authorization Coordinator, State/Tribal
Oversight Section (6PD–O), Multimedia
Planning and Permitting Division, EPA
Region 6, 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas
Texas 75202–2733, (214) 665–8533) and
Email address patterson.alima@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
A. Why are revisions to State programs
necessary?
States which have received final
authorization from the EPA under RCRA
section 3006(b), 42 U.S.C. 6926(b), must
maintain a hazardous waste program
that is equivalent to, consistent with,
and no less stringent than the Federal
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program. As the Federal program
changes, States must change their
programs and ask the EPA to authorize
the changes. Changes to State programs
may be necessary when Federal or State
statutory or regulatory authority is
modified or when certain other changes
occur.
Most commonly, States must change
their programs because of changes to the
EPA’s regulations in 40 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) parts 124, 260
through 268, 270, 273, and 279.
B. What decisions have we made in this
rule?
We conclude that Louisiana’s
application to revise its authorized
program meets all of the statutory and
regulatory requirements established by
RCRA. Therefore, we grant Louisiana
final authorization to operate its
hazardous waste program with the
changes described in the authorization
application. Louisiana has
responsibility for permitting treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities within its
borders (except in Indian Country) and
for carrying out the aspects of the RCRA
program described in its revised
program application, subject to the
limitations of the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA).
New Federal requirements and
prohibitions imposed by Federal
regulations that the EPA promulgates
under the authority of HSWA take effect
in authorized States before they are
authorized for the requirements. Thus,
the EPA will implement those
requirements and prohibitions in
Louisiana including issuing permits,
until the State is granted authorization
to do so.
C. What is the effect of today’s
authorization decision?
The effect of this decision is that a
facility in Louisiana subject to RCRA
will now have to comply with the
authorized State requirements instead of
the equivalent Federal requirements in
order to comply with RCRA. Louisiana
has enforcement responsibilities under
its State hazardous waste program for
violations of such program, but the EPA
retains its authority under RCRA
sections 3007, 3008, 3013, and 7003,
which include, among others, authority
to:
• Do inspections, and require
monitoring, tests, analyses, or reports;
• Enforce RCRA requirements and
suspend or revoke permits and
• Take enforcement actions after
notice to and consultation with the
State.
This action does not impose
additional requirements on the
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 125 (Thursday, June 28, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 38523-38530]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-15727]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[EPA-HQ-OW-2012-0288; FRL-9693-4]
Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis
and Sampling Procedures
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This action announces the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA's) approval of alternative testing methods for use in
measuring the levels of contaminants in drinking water and determining
compliance with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) authorizes EPA to approve the use of
alternative testing methods through publication in the Federal
Register. EPA is using this streamlined authority to make 10 additional
methods available for analyzing drinking water samples required by
regulation. This expedited approach provides public water systems,
laboratories, and primacy agencies with more timely access to new
measurement techniques and greater flexibility in the selection of
analytical methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs while maintaining
public health protection.
DATES: This action is effective June 28, 2012.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800) 426-
4791 or Glynda Smith, Technical Support Center, Standards and Risk
Management Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (MS
140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King
Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268; telephone number: (513) 569-7652; email
address: smith.glynda@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
Public water systems are the regulated entities required to measure
contaminants in drinking water samples. In addition, EPA Regions as
well as States and Tribal governments with authority to administer the
regulatory program for public water systems under SDWA may also measure
contaminants in water samples. When EPA sets a monitoring requirement
in its national primary drinking water regulations for a given
contaminant, the Agency also establishes in the regulations
standardized test procedures for analysis of the contaminant. This
action makes alternative testing methods available for particular
drinking water contaminants beyond the testing methods currently
established in the regulations. EPA is providing public water systems
required to test water samples with a choice of using either a test
procedure already established in the existing regulations or an
alternative test procedure that has been approved in this action or in
prior expedited approval actions. Categories and entities that may
ultimately be affected by this action include:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Examples of potentially regulated entities NAICS \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, Local, & Tribal Governments.............. States, local and Tribal governments that analyze 924110
water samples on behalf of public water systems
required to conduct such analysis; States, local
and Tribal governments that themselves operate
community and non-transient non-community water
systems required to monitor.
Industry........................................ Private operators of community and non-transient 221310
non-community water systems required to monitor.
Municipalities.................................. Municipal operators of community and non- 924110
transient non-community water systems required
to monitor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.
This table is not exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for
readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. This
table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware could
potentially be affected by this action. Other types of entities not
listed in the table could also be impacted. To determine whether your
facility is affected by this action, you should carefully examine the
applicability language in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 40
CFR 141.2 (definition of public water system). If you have questions
regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity,
consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT section.
B. How can I get copies of this document and other related information?
Docket. EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2012-0288. Publicly available docket materials are
available either electronically through www.regulations.gov or in hard
copy at the Water Docket in the EPA Docket Center, (EPA/DC) EPA West,
Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW.,
[[Page 38524]]
Washington, DC. Copyrighted materials are available only in hard copy.
The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to
4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The
telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the
telephone number for the Water Docket is (202) 566-2426.
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Action
ANOVA: Analysis of Variance
APHA: American Public Health Association
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
DIC: Differential Interference Contrast
EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
FA: Fluorescence Assay
GC/MS: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
HCCPD: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
IMS: Immunomagnetic Separation
LC-MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level
NaHMP: Sodium Hexametaphosphate
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
NEMI: National Environmental Methods Index
PCB: Polychlorinated Biphenyl
QC: Quality Control
SDWA: Safe Drinking Water Act
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies
II. Background
A. What is the purpose of this action?
In this action, EPA is approving 10 analytical methods for
determining contaminant concentrations in samples collected under SDWA.
Regulated parties required to sample and monitor may use either the
testing methods already established in existing regulations or the
alternative testing methods being approved in this action or in prior
expedited approval actions. The new methods are listed along with other
previously expedited methods in Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141 and
on EPA's drinking water methods Web site at https://water.epa.gov/scitech/drinkingwater/labcert/analyticalmethods_expedited.cfm.
B. What is the basis for this action?
When EPA determines that an alternative analytical method is
``equally effective'' (i.e., as effective as a method that has already
been promulgated in the regulations), SDWA allows EPA to approve the
use of the alternative method through publication in the Federal
Register. (See Section 1401(1) of SDWA.) EPA is using this streamlined
approval authority to make 10 additional methods available for
determining contaminant concentrations in samples collected under the
SDWA. EPA has determined that, for each contaminant or group of
contaminants listed in Section III, the additional testing methods
being approved in this action are as effective as one or more of the
testing methods already approved in the regulations for those
contaminants. Section 1401(1) of SDWA states that the newly approved
methods ``shall be treated as an alternative for public water systems
to the quality control and testing procedures listed in the
regulation.'' Accordingly, this action makes these additional 10
analytical methods legally available as options for meeting EPA's
monitoring requirements.
This action does not add regulatory language, but does, for
informational purposes, update an appendix to the regulations at 40 CFR
Part 141 that lists all methods approved under Section 1401(1) of SDWA.
Accordingly, while this action is not a rule, it is updating CFR text
and therefore is being published in the ``Final Rules'' section of the
Federal Register.
III. Summary of Approvals
EPA is approving 10 methods that are equally effective relative to
methods previously promulgated in the regulations. By means of this
notice, these 10 methods are added to Appendix A to Subpart C of 40 CFR
Part 141.
A. Methods Developed by EPA
1. EPA Method 536 (USEPA 2007) is a direct injection liquid
chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the
determination of atrazine and simazine, which are regulated in drinking
water as specified at 40 CFR 141.61(c). The analytes are separated and
identified by comparing the retention times and acquired mass spectra
to the retention times and reference spectra for calibration standards
acquired under identical LC-MS/MS conditions. The concentration of each
analyte is determined by internal standard calibration using procedural
standards. EPA Method 536 simplifies sample preparation because it does
not require labor- intensive clean-up or pre-concentration using solid
phase extraction. It also provides laboratories with the opportunity to
use liquid chromatography for the analytical separation instead of gas
chromatography, which is used in the approved methods for the
determination of atrazine and simazine.
The currently approved methods for monitoring atrazine and simazine
in drinking water are listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1). EPA Method 525.2,
Revision 2.0 (USEPA 1995) is the only approved method that employs mass
spectrometry for detection of atrazine and simazine. Therefore, the
method performance characteristics of EPA Method 536 were compared to
the characteristics of EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0 for both atrazine
and simazine. EPA has found that EPA Method 536 is equally effective
for measuring atrazine and simazine concentrations in drinking water,
relative to the approved method. The basis for this determination is
discussed in Smith and Wendelken (2012a). Therefore, EPA is approving
EPA Method 536 for determining atrazine and simazine in drinking water.
A copy of EPA Method 536 can be accessed and downloaded directly
on-line at https://water.epa.gov/drink.
2. EPA Method 523 (USEPA 2011) is a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the determination of atrazine and
simazine, which are regulated in drinking water as specified at 40 CFR
141.61(c). The method analytes are extracted and concentrated from the
water sample using solid phase extraction. Extracts are injected onto a
capillary GC column and analyzed with a mass spectrometer. The method
analytes are identified by comparing retention times and the acquired
mass spectra to retention times and reference spectra for calibration
standards acquired under identical GC/MS conditions. The concentration
of each analyte is determined using the internal standard technique.
As discussed with EPA Method 536, EPA Method 523 can be used for
the determination of atrazine and simazine in finished drinking water.
EPA Method 523 and the approved EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0 (USEPA
1995) are both GC/MS methods; however, one of the advantages that EPA
Method 523 offers relative to the approved method is the use of solid
reagents, ammonium acetate and 2-chloroacetamide, for sample
preservation instead of hydrochloric acid. This allows sample bottles
to be prepared in the laboratory prior to shipment to the field, thus
eliminating the need to ship a hazardous liquid acid. The method
performance characteristics of EPA Method 523 were compared to the
characteristics of the approved EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0 for
atrazine and simazine. EPA has found that EPA Method 523 is equally
effective for measuring atrazine and simazine concentrations, relative
to the approved method. The basis for this determination is discussed
in Smith and Wendelken (2012a). Therefore, EPA is approving EPA Method
523 for
[[Page 38525]]
determining atrazine and simazine in drinking water.
A copy of EPA Method 523 can be accessed and downloaded directly
on-line at https://water.epa.gov/drink.
3. EPA Method 525.3 (USEPA 2012) is a GC/MS method for the
determination of semivolatile organic compounds in finished drinking
water. The method analytes are extracted and concentrated from the
water sample using solid phase extraction. Extracts are injected onto a
capillary GC column and analyzed using mass spectrometry. The analytes
are identified by comparing retention times and the acquired mass
spectra to retention times and reference spectra for calibration
standards acquired under identical GC/MS conditions. The concentration
of each analyte is determined using the internal standard technique.
EPA Method 525.3 is a revision of EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0
(USEPA 1995) which is currently approved at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1) for
analysis of drinking water compliance samples for 17 semivolatile
organic contaminants: Alachlor, atrazine, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), benzo[a]pyrene, chlordane, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, di(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate, endrin, lindane (HCH-[gamma]), heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene
(HCCPD), methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol, simazine, and toxaphene. It
should be noted that for PCBs, the approved method can only be used as
a screen; compliance with the PCB maximum contaminant level (MCL) is
based on quantitative analysis using EPA Method 508A (USEPA 1989) as
specified at 40 CFR 141.24(h)(13)(iii). Likewise, EPA Method 525.3 can
only be used for PCBs as a screen. Some of the advantages afforded by
the revised method include:
Use of solid preservation reagents (ascorbic acid,
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and potassium dihydrogen
citrate), which eliminates the requirement to ship liquid hydrochloric
acid to the field;
Incorporation of flexibility that allows analysts to take
advantage of multiple types of solid phase extraction media and GC/MS
instrumentation options to improve method sensitivity and data quality;
and
Improved guidance for handling the data reduction
associated with multi-component contaminants such as toxaphene,
chlordane, and PCBs.
The method performance characteristics of EPA Method 525.3 were
compared to the characteristics of the approved EPA Method 525.2,
Revision 2.0 for each of the 17 regulated semivolatile organic
contaminants. EPA has determined that EPA Method 525.3 is equally
effective for measuring each of these 17 contaminants relative to the
approved method. The basis for this determination is discussed in
Munch, Grimmett and Smith (2012). EPA is therefore approving the use of
Method 525.3 for the above named 17 contaminants when analyzing
drinking water compliance samples.
A copy of EPA Method 525.3 can be accessed and downloaded directly
on-line at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.
4. EPA Method 1623.1 (USEPA 2012) is a microbiological method for
the detection of the water-borne parasite, Cryptosporidium (CAS
Registry Number 137259-50-8), in drinking water treatment plant source
waters by concentration, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and
immunofluorescence assay microscopy. Cryptosporidium is characterized
using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and differential
interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Cryptosporidium concentrations
are reported as oocysts/L.
EPA Method 1623.1 is a revision of EPA Method 1623 (USEPA 2005),
which is approved at 40 CFR 141.704(a) for the detection of
Cryptosporidium in water. The primary change in EPA Method 1623.1
relative to the approved method is the addition of sodium
hexametaphosphate (NaHMP) after filtration of the water sample. Miller
(2012a) describes two EPA studies that showed improved accuracy and
precision for detecting the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in
water when NaHMP was added: (1) A single laboratory side-by-side
analysis that compared samples from nine public water system sources
processed by both EPA Method 1623 and EPA Method 1623.1, and showed an
average Cryptosporidium recovery improvement of 18 percentage points (p
= 0.0001); and (2) a multi-laboratory side-by-side analysis that
resulted in an average Cryptosporidium recovery improvement of 15
percentage points with the addition of NaHMP for the three source
waters that were tested (p = 0.0197). The more significant improvement
in Cryptosporidium recovery during the side-by-side studies was
particularly associated with samples that had low initial recovery
using Method 1623.
Miller (2012b) contains the study report that details the
validation of EPA Method 1623.1. Fourteen laboratories demonstrated a
mean Cryptosporidium recovery from source water of 61% with an average
within-laboratory relative standard deviation of 13%. The precision and
recovery for EPA Method 1623.1 were compared to the precision and
recovery observed in the validation study for the approved EPA Method
1623. The Cryptosporidium reagent water and source water mean percent
recoveries for EPA Method 1623.1 are at least 20 percentage points
higher than the recoveries cited in the validation study for EPA Method
1623. In addition, the mean relative standard deviation for
Cryptosporidium measurements was lower in both matrices for the revised
EPA Method 1623.1 demonstrating improved precision.
The data from the EPA Method 1623.1 validation studies were used to
develop new quality control (QC) criteria for laboratory performance.
For each QC criterion, the distribution of recovery was estimated using
random effects analysis of variance (ANOVA). The recovery limits were
estimated at the 5th percentile of the predictive distribution for each
criterion. The lower limit for acceptable recovery of Cryptosporidium
detected in reagent and source water increased by 22 and 19 percentage
points, respectively, over EPA Method 1623 criteria. Thus, laboratories
performing EPA Method 1623.1 should have more accurate detection and
will be meeting more stringent QC criteria than laboratories following
Method 1623.
Based on the validation results, EPA has determined that EPA Method
1623.1 is equally effective for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts,
relative to the approved method. Therefore, EPA is approving EPA Method
1623.1 for detecting Cryptosporidium in drinking water source waters. A
copy of EPA Method 1623.1 can be accessed and downloaded directly on-
line at https://water.epa.gov/drink.
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
(Standard Methods). EPA compared the most recent versions of two
Standard Methods to earlier versions of those methods that are
currently approved in 40 CFR Part 141. Changes between the earlier
approved version and the most recent version of each method are
summarized in Smith (2012). The revisions primarily involve editorial
changes (e.g., corrections of errors, procedural clarifications, and
reorganization of text). The revised methods are the same as the
earlier approved versions with respect to the chemistry, sample
handling protocols, and method performance data. The new
[[Page 38526]]
versions are thus equally effective relative to those that are
currently approved in the regulations. Therefore, EPA is approving the
use of the two updated Standard Methods for the contaminants and their
respective regulations listed in the following table:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standard method revised version Approved method Contaminant Regulation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3125, 21st edition (APHA 2005)... 3125, 20th edition Uranium................. 40 CFR 141.25(a)
(APHA 1998).
3112 B-09, on-line version (APHA 3112 B-99, on-line Mercury................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
2009). version (APHA
1999).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The 21st edition can be obtained from the American Public Health
Association (APHA), 800 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20001-3710. Online
versions of Standard Methods are available at https://www.standardmethods.org.
2. ASTM International. EPA compared the most recent versions of
three ASTM International methods (ASTM Methods D859-10, D1179-10 B, and
D5673-10) to the earlier versions of those methods that are currently
approved in 40 CFR part 141. Changes between the earlier approved
version and the most recent version of each method are summarized in
Smith (2012). The revisions primarily involve editorial changes (e.g.,
updated references, definitions, terminology, and reorganization of
text). The revised methods are the same as the approved versions with
respect to sample collection and handling protocols, sample
preparation, analytical methodology, and method performance data, and
thus, are equally effective relative to the approved methods.
An additional ASTM Method, D6239-09, was submitted for evaluation
as an alternate test method to EPA Method 908.0 (USEPA 1980) for the
analysis of uranium in drinking water. ASTM Method D6329-09 involves
the analysis of uranium in drinking water by alpha scintillation with
pulse shape discrimination. This technique offers high alpha counting
efficiency since the electronic pulse shape discrimination reduces
background counts associated with beta-gamma interference. ASTM Method
D6239-09 incorporates selective solvent extraction to separate and
concentrate uranium from drinking water samples for subsequent alpha
liquid scintillation counting. With pulse shape discrimination, the
method provides sufficient resolution to yield limited isotopic
activity levels for uranium-238 and uranium-234 as well as total
uranium activity. EPA Method 908.0, which relies on co-precipitation of
uranium with iron hydroxide followed by ion exchange separation to
isolate uranium, is not capable of distinguishing among the uranium
radioisotopes. The approved methods for uranium are listed at 40 CFR
141.25(a). The performance characteristics of ASTM Method D6239-09 were
compared to the performance characteristics of the approved method, EPA
Method 908.0. Smith and Wendelken (2012b) summarizes the research and
validation data associated with development of ASTM Method D6239-09.
EPA has determined that ASTM Method D6239-09 is equally effective,
relative to EPA Method 908.0, for the determination of total uranium
activity in drinking water.
EPA is thus approving the use of the following ASTM methods for the
contaminants and their respective regulations listed in the following
table:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM Revised version Approved method Contaminant Regulation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D859-10 (ASTM 2010a)............. D859-00 (ASTM 2000) Silica.................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
D1179-10 B (ASTM 2010b).......... D1179-99 B (ASTM Fluoride................ 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
1999).
D5673-10 (ASTM 2010c)............ D5673-03 (ASTM Uranium................. 40 CFR 141.25(a)
2003).
D6239-09 (ASTM 2009)............. EPA Method 908.0... Uranium................. 40 CFR 141.25(a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ASTM methods are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or https://www.astm.org.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
As noted in Section II, under the terms of SDWA Section 1401(1),
this streamlined method approval action is not a rule. Accordingly, the
Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, does not apply
because this action is not a rule for purposes of 5 U.S.C. 804(3).
Similarly, this action is not subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act
because it is not subject to notice and comment requirements under the
Administrative Procedure Act or any other statute. In addition, because
this approval action is not a rule, but simply makes alternative
testing methods available as options for monitoring under SDWA, EPA has
concluded that other statutes and executive orders generally applicable
to rulemaking do not apply to this approval action.
V. References
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1998. 20th Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW., Washington, DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999. Standard Method
3112 B-99. Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard Methods
Online. (Available at https://www.standardmethods.org.)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. 21st Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW., Washington, DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2009. Standard Method
3112 B-09. Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2009. Standard Methods
Online. (Available at https://www.standardmethods.org.)
ASTM International. 1999. ASTM D1179-99 B. Standard Test Methods for
Fluoride Ion in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2000. ASTM D859-00. Standard Test Method for
Silica in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2003. ASTM D5673-03. Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009. ASTM D6239-09. Standard Test Method for
Uranium in Drinking Water by High-Resolution Alpha-Liquid-
Scintillation Spectrometry.
[[Page 38527]]
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2010a. ASTM D859-10. Standard Test Method for
Silica in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2010b. ASTM D1179-10 B. Standard Test Methods
for Fluoride Ion in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2010c. ASTM D5673-10. Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
Miller, C. 2012a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of EPA Method 1623.1. January 20, 2012.
Miller, C. 2012b. Method 1623.1 validation study report, ``Results
of the Inter-laboratory Method Validation Study using U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623.1: Cryptosporidium and
Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA,'' EPA 816-R-12-002, February
2012.
Munch, J., Grimmett, P., and Smith, G. 2012. Memo to the record
describing basis for expedited approval of EPA Method 525.3. January
23, 2012.
Smith, G. 2012. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of updated methods from Standard Methods and ASTM
International. January 19, 2012.
Smith, G. and Wendelken, S. 2012a. Memo to the record describing
basis for expedited approval of EPA Methods 523 and 536. January 20,
2012.
Smith, G. and Wendelken, S. 2012b. Memo to the record describing ATP
evaluation of ASTM Method D6239-09 and basis for expedited approval.
January 20, 2012.
USEPA. 1980. EPA Method 908.0, ``Uranium in Drinking Water--
Radiochemical Method 908.0'' in Prescribed Procedures for the
Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water, EPA 600/4-80-032,
August 1980. (Available at the U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria,
VA 22312 (703-605-6040). PB 80-224744. https://www.ntis.gov.)
USEPA. 1989. EPA Method 508A, Revision 1.0, ``Screening for
Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas
Chromatography'' in Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water, EPA/600/4-88-039, December 1988
(Revised July 1991). (Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 1995. EPA Method 525.2, Revision 2.0, ``Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and
Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry'' in Methods
for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water,
Supplement III, EPA/600/R-95-131, August 1995. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 2005. EPA Method 1623, ``Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water
by Filtration/IMS/FA,'' EPA-815-R-05-002. December 2005. (Available
at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/online.html.)
USEPA. 2007. EPA Method 536, ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides
and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography
Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS),''
EPA-815-B-07-002. October 2007. (Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
USEPA. 2011. EPA Method 523, ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides
and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS),'' EPA-815-R-11-002. February 2011. (Available
at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
USEPA. 2012. EPA Method 525.3, ``Determination of Semivolatile
Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and
Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),''
EPA/600/R-12/010. February 2012. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
USEPA. 2012. EPA Method 1623.1. ``Cryptosporidium and Giardia in
Water by Filtration/IMS/FA,'' EPA-816-R-12-001. January 2012.
(Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
Environmental protection, Chemicals, Indians--lands,
Intergovernmental relations, Radiation protection, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Water supply.
Dated: June 21, 2012.
Pamela S. Barr,
Acting Director, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, 40 CFR Part 141 is amended
as follows:
PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
0
1. The authority citation for Part 141 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300j-4, and 300j-9.
0
2. Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising entries for ``Fluoride,'' ``Mercury,'' and ``Silica'' in
the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants
listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).''
0
b. By adding entries for ``Alachlor,'' ``Atrazine,'' and
``Benzo(a)pyrene'' after the entry for ``2,4,5-TP (Silvex)'' in the
table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at
40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)''
0
c. By adding the entry for ``Chlordane'' after the entry for
``Carbofuran'' in the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
d. By adding entries for ``Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate'' and ``Di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate'' after the entry for ``Dalapon'' in the table
entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40
CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
e. By adding the entry for ``Endrin'' after the entry for ``Dinoseb''
in the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants
listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
f. By adding entries for ``Heptachlor,'' ``Heptachlor Epoxide,''
``Hexachlorobenzene,'' ``Hexachlorocyclopentadiene,'' ``Lindane,'' and
``Methoxychlor'' after the entry for ``Glyphosate'' in the table
entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40
CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
g. By adding the entry for ``PCBs (as Aroclors)'' after the entry for
``Oxamyl'' in the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
h. By revising the entry for ``Pentachlorophenol'' in the table
entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40
CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
i. By adding entries for ``Simazine'' and ``Toxaphene'' after the entry
for ``Picloram'' in the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods
for contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
j. By revising the entry for ``Uranium'' in the table entitled
``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.25(a).''
0
k. By adding the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.704(a)'' after the table entitled
``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.402(c)(2).''
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141--Alternative Testing Methods
Approved for Analyses Under the Safe Drinking Water Act
* * * * *
[[Page 38528]]
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant Methodology EPA Method SM 21st Edition \1\ SM Online \3\ ASTM \4\ Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Fluoride.......... Ion ..................... 4110 B ..................... ..................... .....................
Chromatography.
Manual ..................... 4500-F- B, D ..................... ..................... .....................
Distillation;
Colorimetric
SPADNS.
Manual Electrode. ..................... 4500-F- C ..................... D 1179-04, 10 B .....................
Automated ..................... 4500-F- E ..................... ..................... .....................
Alizarin.
Arsenite-Free ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... Hach SPADNS 2 Method
Colorimetric 10225 \22\
SPADNS.
* * * * * * *
Mercury........... Manual, Cold ..................... 3112 B 3112 B-09 ..................... .....................
Vapor.
* * * * * * *
Silica............ Colorimetric..... ..................... ..................... ..................... D859-05, 10 .....................
Molybdosilicate.. ..................... 4500-SiO2 C ..................... ..................... .....................
Heteropoly blue.. ..................... 4500-SiO2 D ..................... ..................... .....................
Automated for ..................... 4500-SiO2 E ..................... ..................... .....................
Molybdate-
reactive Silica.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision 4.2 ..................... ..................... ..................... .....................
inductively \2\.
coupled plasma-
atomic emission
spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
Inductively ..................... 3120 B ..................... ..................... .....................
Coupled Plasma.
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant Methodology EPA Method SM 21st Edition \1\ SM Online \3\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Alachlor............................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Atrazine............................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\, 523 \26\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Liquid Chromatography 536 \25\ ........................... ...........................
Electrospray Ionization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(LC/ESI-MS/MS).
Benzo(a)pyrene...................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
Chlordane........................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate............. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate........... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
Endrin.............................. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
Heptachlor.......................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Heptachlor Epoxide.................. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Hexachlorobenzene................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene.......... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Lindane............................. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
[[Page 38529]]
Methoxychlor........................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
PCBs (as Aroclors).................. Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Pentachlorophenol................... Gas Chromatography/Electron ........................... 6640 B 6640 B-01
Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
Simazine............................ Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\, 523 \26\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Liquid Chromatography 536 \25\ ........................... ...........................
Electrospray Ionization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(LC/ESI-MS/MS).
Toxaphene........................... Solid Phase Extraction/Gas 525.3 \24\ ........................... ...........................
Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS).
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.25(a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant Methodology SM 21st Edition \1\ ASTM \4\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naturally Occurring:
* * * * * * *
Uranium...................... ......................... ........................ ........................
Radiochemical............ 7500-U B ........................
ICP-MS................... 3125 D5673-05, 10
Alpha spectrometry....... 7500-U C D3972-09
Laser Phosphorimetry..... ........................ D5174-07
Alpha Liquid ........................ D6239-09
Scintillation
Spectrometry.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.704(a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organism Methodology EPA Method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cryptosporidium....................... Filtration/Immunomagnetic Separation/ 1623.1 \27\
Immunofluorescence Assay Microscopy.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
\1\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st
edition (2005). Available from American Public Health Association, 800
I Street NW., Washington, DC 20001-3710.
\2\ EPA Method 200.5, Revision 4.2. ``Determination of Trace Elements in
Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry.'' 2003. EPA/600/R-06/115. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
\3\ Standard Methods Online are available at https://www.standardmethods.org. The year in which each method was approved by
the Standard Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in
the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions
that may be used.
\4\ Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or https://astm.org. The methods listed are
the only alternative versions that may be used.
* * * * * * *
\22\ Hach Company Method, ``Hach Company SPADNS 2 (Arsenic-free)
Fluoride Method 10225--Spectrophotometric Measurement of Fluoride in
Water and Wastewater,'' January 2011. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box
389, Loveland, Colorado 80539. (Available at https://www.hach.com.)
* * * * * * *
\24\ EPA Method 525.3. ``Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals
in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).'' 2012. EPA/600/R-12/010.
(Available at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
\25\ EPA Method 536. ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their
Degradates in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray
Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS).'' 2007. EPA-815-B-
07-002. (Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
\26\ EPA Method 523. ``Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their
Degradates in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS).'' 2011. EPA-815-R-11-002. (Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink drink.)
\27\ EPA Method 1623.1. ``Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by
Filtration/IMS/FA.'' 2012. EPA-816-R-12-001. (Available at https://water.epa.gov/drink.)
[[Page 38530]]
[FR Doc. 2012-15727 Filed 6-27-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
