Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 11578-11580 [2012-4510]
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srobinson on DSK4SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
11578
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 38 / Monday, February 27, 2012 / Notices
of associated funerary objects in a
Notice of Inventory Completion
previously published in the Federal
Register (76 FR 14064–14067, March 15,
2011). During final preparations for
reburial, additional fragmentary human
remains were discovered from three of
the ten sites listed in the notice. As a
result, the total number of individuals is
corrected from 241 to 261. Also,
additional associated funerary objects
from one of the ten sites listed in the
previous notice were discovered, and
the number of associated funerary
objects from another site was revised.
Therefore, the total number of
associated funerary objects is corrected
from 74 to 103.
In the Federal Register notice (76 FR
14064–14067, March 15, 2011),
paragraph four is corrected by
substituting the following paragraph:
In 1979, fragmentary human remains
representing, at minimum, 20
individuals were removed from the
Hilltop Ruin Site, AZ P:14:12(ASM),
Navajo County, AZ, during a legally
authorized survey conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological
Field School, under the direction of
Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by
Hinkes describes the presence of at least
45 unauthorized excavation pits at this
site. The human remains were collected
from these pits or adjacent backdirt
piles. There is no record in Arizona
State Museum files regarding the
accession of these human remains;
however, the collection likely entered
the museum in the same year as other
collections from the summer field
school. No known individuals were
identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
Paragraph number 7 is corrected by
substituting the following paragraph:
There is no record in Arizona State
Museum files regarding the accession of
these human remains; however, the
collection likely entered the museum in
the same year as other collections from
the summer field school. No known
individuals were identified. The 36
associated funerary objects include: 1
stone axe, 1 bone bead, 2 carved stone
objects, 1 shell pendant, 1 pierced shell,
3 projectile points, 2 ceramic vessels, 1
rim sherd, 1 shell bead, 8 shell
fragments, 7 ceramic sherds, 1 shell
tinkler, 3 turquoise fragments, 2 worked
lithic artifacts, 1 worked shell artifact,
and 1 worked shell fragment.
Paragraph number 11 is corrected by
substituting the following paragraph:
Between 1976 and 1989, legally
authorized excavations were conducted
´
at the site of Chiwodistas, AZ
P:14:24(ASM), Navajo County, AZ, by
the University of Arizona
VerDate Mar<15>2010
18:10 Feb 24, 2012
Jkt 226001
Archaeological Field School, under the
direction of J. Jefferson Reid. No human
burials were intentionally excavated
during this project. Archeological
collections from the site were brought to
the museum at the end of each field
season, but no accession number was
assigned to them. Between 2009 and
2011, Arizona State Museum staff found
fragmentary human remains
representing, at minimum, 31
individuals intermingled with animal
bone collections from this site. The
animal bones are not considered to be
associated funerary objects. No known
individuals were identified. No
associated funerary objects are present.
Paragraph number 19 is corrected by
substituting the following paragraph:
In 1929, human remains representing
six individuals were removed from
Canyon Creek Ruin, AZ C:2:8(GP)/AZ
V:2:1(ASM), Gila County, AZ during
legally authorized excavations
conducted by the Gila Pueblo
Foundation, under the direction of Emil
Haury. In 1950, the Gila Pueblo
Foundation closed and the collections
were transferred to the Arizona State
Museum. No known individuals were
identified. The 64 associated funerary
objects include: 1 yucca fiber apron, 1
basketry bowl, 2 cradleboards, 1
basketry tump strap, 3 ceramic bowls, 1
gourd bottle, 1 gourd dipper, 1 gourd
rind, 2 gourd scoops, 1 hair bundle, 1
cotton manta, 1 basketry mat, 5 basketry
mat fragments, 1 piece of plant fiber, 1
plant fiber blanket, 1 yucca fiber quid,
1 lot of cotton roving, 2 sandals, 1 wood
spindle, 28 textile fragments, 3 textile
wrappings, 4 wood lattice fragments,
and 1 lot of yucca fiber yarn.
Paragraph number 24 is corrected by
substituting the following paragraph:
In 1969, human remains representing,
at minimum, five individuals were
removed from site AZ V:2:12(ASM),
Gila County, AZ, during legally
authorized salvage activities conducted
by the University of Arizona
Archaeological Field School, under the
direction of David Tuggle. The site had
been extensively vandalized and the
objective of the University of Arizona
archeologists was to recover human
remains that had been disturbed.
Archeological collections from the site
were brought to the museum at the end
of the field season, but no accession
numbers were assigned. No known
individuals were identified. No
associated funerary objects are present.
Paragraph number 29 is corrected by
substituting the following paragraph:
Officials of the Bureau of Indian
Affairs and Arizona State Museum have
determined that:
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• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the
human remains described above
represent the physical remains of 261
individuals of Native American
ancestry.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A),
the 103 objects described above are
reasonably believed to have been placed
with or near individual human remains
at the time of death or later as part of
the death rite or ceremony.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there
is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the Native American human
remains and associated funerary objects
and the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact John McClelland, NAGPRA
Coordinator, Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
85721, telephone (520) 626–2950, before
March 28, 2012. Repatriation of the
human remains and associated funerary
objects to the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and
Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico, may proceed after that date if
no additional claimants come forward.
The Arizona State Museum is
responsible for notifying the Hopi Tribe
of Arizona; White Mountain Apache
Tribe of the Fort Apache Indian
Reservation, Arizona; and the Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico that this notice has been
published.
Dated: February 22, 2012.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2012–4509 Filed 2–24–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[2253–665]
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and
the Arizona State Museum, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
The United States Department
of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and
the Arizona State Museum, University
of Arizona, have completed an
inventory of human remains and
associated funerary objects, in
SUMMARY:
E:\FR\FM\27FEN1.SGM
27FEN1
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 38 / Monday, February 27, 2012 / Notices
srobinson on DSK4SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
consultation with the appropriate
Indian tribes, and have determined that
there is a cultural affiliation between the
human remains and associated funerary
objects and present-day Indian tribes.
Representatives of any Indian tribe that
believes itself to be culturally affiliated
with the human remains and associated
funerary objects may contact the
Arizona State Museum, University of
Arizona. Repatriation of the human
remains and associated funerary objects
to the Indian tribes stated below may
occur if no additional claimants come
forward.
DATES: Representatives of any Indian
tribe that believes it has a cultural
affiliation with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact the Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, at the address
below by March 28, 2012.
ADDRESSES: John McClelland, NAGPRA
Coordinator, P.O. Box 210026, Arizona
State Museum, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ 85721, telephone (520) 626–
2950.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C.
3003, of the completion of an inventory
of human remains and associated
funerary objects under the control of the
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and
in the physical custody of the Arizona
State Museum, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ (ASM). The human remains
and associated funerary objects were
removed from a location within the
boundaries of the Fort Apache Indian
Reservation, Navajo County, AZ.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects. The
National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
Consultation
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by the ASM
professional staff in consultation with
representatives of the Hopi Tribe of
Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe
of the Fort Apache Reservation,
Arizona; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico.
History and Description of the Remains
In the years 1963 through 1977,
human remains representing, at
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Jkt 226001
minimum, 1,148 individuals were
removed from the Grasshopper Pueblo,
site AZ P:14:1 (ASM), in Navajo County,
AZ, as a result of legally authorized
excavations conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological
Field School. Archaeological collections
from the site were brought to the
museum at the end of each field season.
No known individuals were identified.
The 1,703 associated funerary objects
are 4 animal bones, 3 animal claws, 7
antler artifacts, 1 antler fragment, 9 bone
artifacts, 32 bone awls, 3 bone awl
fragments, 4 bone beads, 2 bone
hairpins, 2 bone needles, 1 bone needle
fragment, 3 bone ornaments, 14 bone
rings, 1 bone spatula, 1 bone wand, 556
ceramic bowls, 39 ceramic bowl
fragments, 2 ceramic canteens, 1
ceramic disk, 1 ceramic drill, 1 ceramic
figurine fragment, 179 ceramic jars, 12
ceramic jar fragments, 1 ceramic
pendant, 8 ceramic pitchers, 1 ceramic
pitcher fragment, 1 ceramic plate, 4
ceramic scoops, 33 ceramic sherds, 3
ceramic sherd artifacts, 9 pieces of
chipped stone, 1 chipped stone core, 2
pieces of chipped stone debris, 44
chipped stone flakes, 1 lot of clay, 1 clay
jar, 1 clay lid fragment, 1 coral fossil, 1
cotton ball, 5 fossils, 1 hammerstone, 1
handstone, 9 manos, 4 mano fragments,
16 lots of mineral, 2 pieces of mortar, 12
polishing stones, 28 quartz crystals, 7
shells, 5 shell artifacts, 1 shell artifact
fragment, 129 shell beads, 11 shell
bracelets, 2 shell bracelet fragments, 1
shell necklace, 1 shell ornament, 21
shell pendants, 3 shell pendant
fragments, 4 shell rings, 21 shell
tinklers, 1 shell tinkler fragment, 2 soil
impressions, 1 stone, 10 stone artifacts,
1 stone awl, 1 stone axe, 1 stone ball,
110 stone beads, 1 stone bowl, 1 stone
concretion, 1 stone cylinder, 1 stone
disk, 5 stone figurines, 1 stone
handstone, 3 stone knives, 2 stone
pebbles, 7 stone pendants, 209 stone
projectile points, 3 stone projectile point
fragments, 5 stone shaft smoothers, 1
stone shaft straightener, 1 stone slab, 1
textile cord, 5 turquoise beads, 42
turquoise pendants, 12 turquoise
tesserae, and 1 wood mat fragment.
The Grasshopper Pueblo site is a large
village site containing approximately
500 rooms in more than a dozen stone
room blocks arranged around three main
plazas. The site has been dated from
A.D. 1275–1400, based on tree ring
dates, architectural forms, building
technology and ceramic styles. These
characteristics, the mortuary pattern and
other items of material culture are
consistent with the archeologicallydescribed Upland Mogollon or
prehistoric Western Pueblo tradition.
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11579
A detailed discussion of the basis for
cultural affiliation of archeological sites
in the region where the above site is
located may be found in ‘‘Cultural
Affiliation Assessment of White
Mountain Apache Tribal Lands (Fort
Apache Indian Reservation),’’ by John R.
Welch and T.J. Ferguson (2005). To
summarize, archeologists have used the
terms Upland Mogollon or prehistoric
Western Pueblo to define the
archeological complexes represented by
the site listed above. Material culture
characteristics of these traditions
include a temporal progression from
earlier pit houses to later masonry
pueblos, villages organized in room
blocks of contiguous dwellings
associated with plazas, rectangular
kivas, polished and paint-decorated
ceramics, unpainted corrugated
ceramics, inhumation burials,
cradleboard cranial deformation,
grooved stone axes, and bone artifacts.
The combination of the material culture
attributes and a subsistence pattern,
which included hunting and gathering
augmented by maize agriculture, helps
to identify an earlier group.
Archeologists have also remarked that
there are strong similarities between this
earlier group and present-day tribes
included in the Western Pueblo
ethnographic group, especially the Hopi
Tribe of Arizona and the Zuni Tribe of
the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico. The
similarities in ceramic traditions, burial
practices, architectural forms and
settlement patterns have led
archeologists to believe that the
prehistoric inhabitants of the Mogollon
Rim region migrated north and west to
the Hopi mesas, and north and east to
the Zuni River Valley. Certain objects
found in Upland Mogollon
archeological sites have been found to
have strong resemblances to ritual
paraphernalia that are used in
continuing religious practices by the
Hopi and Zuni. Some petroglyphs on
the Fort Apache Indian Reservation
have also persuaded archeologists of
continuities between the earlier
identified group and current-day
Western Pueblo people. Biological
information from the site of
Grasshopper Pueblo supports the view
that the prehistoric occupants of the
Upland Mogollon region had migrated
from various locations to the north and
west of the region.
Hopi and Zuni oral traditions parallel
the archeological evidence for
migration. Migration figures
prominently in Hopi oral tradition,
which refers to the ancient sites,
pottery, stone tools, petroglyphs and
other artifacts left behind by the
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 38 / Monday, February 27, 2012 / Notices
ancestors as ‘‘Hopi Footprints.’’ This
migration history is complex and
detailed, and includes traditions
relating specific clans to the Mogollon
region. Hopi cultural advisors have also
identified medicinal and culinary plants
at archeological sites in the region.
Their knowledge about these plants was
passed down to them from the ancestors
who inhabited these ancient sites.
Migration is also an important attribute
of Zuni oral tradition, and includes
accounts of Zuni ancestors passing
through the Upland Mogollon region.
The ancient villages mark the routes of
these migrations. Zuni cultural advisors
remark that the ancient sites were not
abandoned. People returned to these
places from time to time, either to
reoccupy them or for the purpose of
religious pilgrimages—a practice that
has continued to the present day.
Archeologists have found ceramic
evidence at shrines in the Upland
Mogollon region that confirms these
reports. Zuni cultural advisors have
names for plants endemic to the
Mogollon region that do not grow on the
Zuni Reservation. They also have
knowledge about traditional medicinal
and ceremonial uses for these resources,
which has been passed down to them
from their ancestors. Furthermore, Hopi
and Zuni cultural advisors have
recognized that their ancestors may
have been co-resident at some of the
sites in this region during their ancestral
migrations.
There are differing points of view
regarding the possible presence of
Apache people in the Upland Mogollon
region during the time that Grasshopper
Pueblo was occupied. Some Apache
traditions describe interactions with
Ancestral Pueblo people during this
time, but according to these stories,
Puebloan people and Apache people
were regarded as having separate
identities. The White Mountain Apache
Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation,
Arizona, does not claim cultural
affiliation with the human remains and
associated funerary objects from this
site. As reported by Welch and Ferguson
(2005), consultations between the White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona, and the
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico &
Utah; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico;
and Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico,
have indicated that none of these tribes
wish to pursue claims of affiliation with
sites on White Mountain Apache Tribal
lands. Finally, the White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona, supports the
repatriation of human remains and
associated funerary objects from this site
VerDate Mar<15>2010
18:10 Feb 24, 2012
Jkt 226001
and is ready to assist the Hopi Tribe of
Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico, in the
reburial.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Determinations Made by the U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and
the Arizona State Museum, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
[2253–665]
Officials of the Bureau of Indian
Affairs and the Arizona State Museum
have determined that:
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the
human remains described in this notice
represent the physical remains of 1,148
individuals of Native American
ancestry.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A),
the 1,703 objects described above are
reasonably believed to have been placed
with or near individual human remains
at the time of death or later as part of
the death rite or ceremony.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there
is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the Native American human
remains and associated funerary objects
and the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico.
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact John McClelland, NAGPRA
Coordinator, Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
85721, telephone (520) 626–2950, before
March 28, 2012. Repatriation of the
human remains and associated funerary
objects to the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and
Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico, may proceed after that date if
no additional claimants come forward.
The Arizona State Museum is
responsible for notifying the Hopi Tribe
of Arizona; White Mountain Apache
Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation,
Arizona; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico, that this
notice has been published.
Dated: February 22, 2012.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2012–4510 Filed 2–24–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
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National Park Service
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and
the Arizona State Museum, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
The United States Department
of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs,
and the Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, have completed
an inventory of human remains, in
consultation with the appropriate
Indian tribes, and have determined that
there is a cultural affiliation between the
human remains and present-day Indian
tribes. Representatives of any Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains may
contact the Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona. Repatriation of
the human remains to the Indian tribes
stated below may occur if no additional
claimants come forward.
DATES: Representatives of any Indian
tribe that believes it has a cultural
affiliation with the human remains
should contact the Arizona State
Museum, University of Arizona, at the
address below by March 28, 2012.
ADDRESSES: John McClelland, NAGPRA
Coordinator, P.O. Box 210026, Arizona
State Museum, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ 85721, telephone (520) 626–
2950.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
hereby given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C.
3003, of the completion of an inventory
of human remains under the control of
the U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington,
DC, and in the physical custody of the
Arizona State Museum, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ (ASM). The
human remains were removed from
sites within the boundaries of the Fort
Apache Indian Reservation, Gila and
Navajo Counties, AZ.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
SUMMARY:
E:\FR\FM\27FEN1.SGM
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 38 (Monday, February 27, 2012)]
[Notices]
[Pages 11578-11580]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-4510]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[2253-665]
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and the Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian
Affairs, and the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, have
completed an inventory of human remains and associated funerary
objects, in
[[Page 11579]]
consultation with the appropriate Indian tribes, and have determined
that there is a cultural affiliation between the human remains and
associated funerary objects and present-day Indian tribes.
Representatives of any Indian tribe that believes itself to be
culturally affiliated with the human remains and associated funerary
objects may contact the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona.
Repatriation of the human remains and associated funerary objects to
the Indian tribes stated below may occur if no additional claimants
come forward.
DATES: Representatives of any Indian tribe that believes it has a
cultural affiliation with the human remains and associated funerary
objects should contact the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona,
at the address below by March 28, 2012.
ADDRESSES: John McClelland, NAGPRA Coordinator, P.O. Box 210026,
Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,
telephone (520) 626-2950.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25
U.S.C. 3003, of the completion of an inventory of human remains and
associated funerary objects under the control of the U.S. Department of
the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and in the
physical custody of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ (ASM). The human remains and associated funerary objects
were removed from a location within the boundaries of the Fort Apache
Indian Reservation, Navajo County, AZ.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution or Federal agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and associated funerary objects. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.
Consultation
A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by the ASM
professional staff in consultation with representatives of the Hopi
Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico.
History and Description of the Remains
In the years 1963 through 1977, human remains representing, at
minimum, 1,148 individuals were removed from the Grasshopper Pueblo,
site AZ P:14:1 (ASM), in Navajo County, AZ, as a result of legally
authorized excavations conducted by the University of Arizona
Archaeological Field School. Archaeological collections from the site
were brought to the museum at the end of each field season. No known
individuals were identified. The 1,703 associated funerary objects are
4 animal bones, 3 animal claws, 7 antler artifacts, 1 antler fragment,
9 bone artifacts, 32 bone awls, 3 bone awl fragments, 4 bone beads, 2
bone hairpins, 2 bone needles, 1 bone needle fragment, 3 bone
ornaments, 14 bone rings, 1 bone spatula, 1 bone wand, 556 ceramic
bowls, 39 ceramic bowl fragments, 2 ceramic canteens, 1 ceramic disk, 1
ceramic drill, 1 ceramic figurine fragment, 179 ceramic jars, 12
ceramic jar fragments, 1 ceramic pendant, 8 ceramic pitchers, 1 ceramic
pitcher fragment, 1 ceramic plate, 4 ceramic scoops, 33 ceramic sherds,
3 ceramic sherd artifacts, 9 pieces of chipped stone, 1 chipped stone
core, 2 pieces of chipped stone debris, 44 chipped stone flakes, 1 lot
of clay, 1 clay jar, 1 clay lid fragment, 1 coral fossil, 1 cotton
ball, 5 fossils, 1 hammerstone, 1 handstone, 9 manos, 4 mano fragments,
16 lots of mineral, 2 pieces of mortar, 12 polishing stones, 28 quartz
crystals, 7 shells, 5 shell artifacts, 1 shell artifact fragment, 129
shell beads, 11 shell bracelets, 2 shell bracelet fragments, 1 shell
necklace, 1 shell ornament, 21 shell pendants, 3 shell pendant
fragments, 4 shell rings, 21 shell tinklers, 1 shell tinkler fragment,
2 soil impressions, 1 stone, 10 stone artifacts, 1 stone awl, 1 stone
axe, 1 stone ball, 110 stone beads, 1 stone bowl, 1 stone concretion, 1
stone cylinder, 1 stone disk, 5 stone figurines, 1 stone handstone, 3
stone knives, 2 stone pebbles, 7 stone pendants, 209 stone projectile
points, 3 stone projectile point fragments, 5 stone shaft smoothers, 1
stone shaft straightener, 1 stone slab, 1 textile cord, 5 turquoise
beads, 42 turquoise pendants, 12 turquoise tesserae, and 1 wood mat
fragment.
The Grasshopper Pueblo site is a large village site containing
approximately 500 rooms in more than a dozen stone room blocks arranged
around three main plazas. The site has been dated from A.D. 1275-1400,
based on tree ring dates, architectural forms, building technology and
ceramic styles. These characteristics, the mortuary pattern and other
items of material culture are consistent with the archeologically-
described Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo tradition.
A detailed discussion of the basis for cultural affiliation of
archeological sites in the region where the above site is located may
be found in ``Cultural Affiliation Assessment of White Mountain Apache
Tribal Lands (Fort Apache Indian Reservation),'' by John R. Welch and
T.J. Ferguson (2005). To summarize, archeologists have used the terms
Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo to define the
archeological complexes represented by the site listed above. Material
culture characteristics of these traditions include a temporal
progression from earlier pit houses to later masonry pueblos, villages
organized in room blocks of contiguous dwellings associated with
plazas, rectangular kivas, polished and paint-decorated ceramics,
unpainted corrugated ceramics, inhumation burials, cradleboard cranial
deformation, grooved stone axes, and bone artifacts. The combination of
the material culture attributes and a subsistence pattern, which
included hunting and gathering augmented by maize agriculture, helps to
identify an earlier group. Archeologists have also remarked that there
are strong similarities between this earlier group and present-day
tribes included in the Western Pueblo ethnographic group, especially
the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation,
New Mexico. The similarities in ceramic traditions, burial practices,
architectural forms and settlement patterns have led archeologists to
believe that the prehistoric inhabitants of the Mogollon Rim region
migrated north and west to the Hopi mesas, and north and east to the
Zuni River Valley. Certain objects found in Upland Mogollon
archeological sites have been found to have strong resemblances to
ritual paraphernalia that are used in continuing religious practices by
the Hopi and Zuni. Some petroglyphs on the Fort Apache Indian
Reservation have also persuaded archeologists of continuities between
the earlier identified group and current-day Western Pueblo people.
Biological information from the site of Grasshopper Pueblo supports the
view that the prehistoric occupants of the Upland Mogollon region had
migrated from various locations to the north and west of the region.
Hopi and Zuni oral traditions parallel the archeological evidence
for migration. Migration figures prominently in Hopi oral tradition,
which refers to the ancient sites, pottery, stone tools, petroglyphs
and other artifacts left behind by the
[[Page 11580]]
ancestors as ``Hopi Footprints.'' This migration history is complex and
detailed, and includes traditions relating specific clans to the
Mogollon region. Hopi cultural advisors have also identified medicinal
and culinary plants at archeological sites in the region. Their
knowledge about these plants was passed down to them from the ancestors
who inhabited these ancient sites. Migration is also an important
attribute of Zuni oral tradition, and includes accounts of Zuni
ancestors passing through the Upland Mogollon region. The ancient
villages mark the routes of these migrations. Zuni cultural advisors
remark that the ancient sites were not abandoned. People returned to
these places from time to time, either to reoccupy them or for the
purpose of religious pilgrimages--a practice that has continued to the
present day. Archeologists have found ceramic evidence at shrines in
the Upland Mogollon region that confirms these reports. Zuni cultural
advisors have names for plants endemic to the Mogollon region that do
not grow on the Zuni Reservation. They also have knowledge about
traditional medicinal and ceremonial uses for these resources, which
has been passed down to them from their ancestors. Furthermore, Hopi
and Zuni cultural advisors have recognized that their ancestors may
have been co-resident at some of the sites in this region during their
ancestral migrations.
There are differing points of view regarding the possible presence
of Apache people in the Upland Mogollon region during the time that
Grasshopper Pueblo was occupied. Some Apache traditions describe
interactions with Ancestral Pueblo people during this time, but
according to these stories, Puebloan people and Apache people were
regarded as having separate identities. The White Mountain Apache Tribe
of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, does not claim cultural
affiliation with the human remains and associated funerary objects from
this site. As reported by Welch and Ferguson (2005), consultations
between the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation,
Arizona, and the Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah; Pueblo of
Acoma, New Mexico; and Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico, have indicated
that none of these tribes wish to pursue claims of affiliation with
sites on White Mountain Apache Tribal lands. Finally, the White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, supports
the repatriation of human remains and associated funerary objects from
this site and is ready to assist the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico, in the reburial.
Determinations Made by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and the Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
Officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona State
Museum have determined that:
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described
in this notice represent the physical remains of 1,148 individuals of
Native American ancestry.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), the 1,703 objects
described above are reasonably believed to have been placed with or
near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of
the death rite or ceremony.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the Native
American human remains and associated funerary objects and the Hopi
Tribe of Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico.
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to
be culturally affiliated with the human remains and associated funerary
objects should contact John McClelland, NAGPRA Coordinator, Arizona
State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, telephone (520)
626-2950, before March 28, 2012. Repatriation of the human remains and
associated funerary objects to the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Zuni Tribe
of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico, may proceed after that date if no
additional claimants come forward.
The Arizona State Museum is responsible for notifying the Hopi
Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico, that this notice has been published.
Dated: February 22, 2012.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2012-4510 Filed 2-24-12; 8:45 am]
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