Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Microwave Ovens, 72332-72348 [2011-30234]
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 226 / Wednesday, November 23, 2011 / Proposed Rules
hospitalizations and deaths in the
United States.
Beef slaughter and further processing
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Establishments can rely upon the FSIS
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III. Transcripts
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Street SW., Washington, DC 20024–
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Done at Washington, DC, on November 18,
2011.
Alfred V. Almanza,
Administrator, FSIS.
[FR Doc. 2011–30271 Filed 11–18–11; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 3410–DM–P
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[Docket No. EERE–2008–BT–TP–0011]
RIN 1904–AB78
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Microwave Ovens
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Supplemental notice of
proposed rulemaking.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) published an interim final
rule on March 9, 2011, amending its test
procedures for microwave ovens under
the Energy Policy and Conservation Act
(EPCA) to provide for the measurement
of standby mode and off mode power
use by microwave ovens. Those
amendments incorporated into the DOE
test procedure provisions from the
International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) Standard 62301,
‘‘Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,’’ First
Edition 2005–06 (IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition)). In addition, those
amendments adopted in the DOE test
procedure definitions of modes based
on the relevant provisions from the IEC
Standard 62301 Second Edition, Final
Draft International Standard (IEC
SUMMARY:
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Standard 62301 (FDIS)), as well as
language to clarify application of these
provisions for measuring standby mode
and off mode power consumption in
microwave ovens. Just prior to
publication of the interim final rule, the
IEC replaced the First Edition of this
standard with the current Second
Edition. This supplemental notice of
proposed rulemaking proposes to
incorporate the latest edition of IEC
Standard 62301.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data,
and information regarding this
supplemental notice of proposed
rulemaking (SNOPR) submitted no later
than December 23, 2011. See section V,
‘‘Public Participation,’’ for details.
ADDRESSES: Any comments submitted
must identify the SNOPR on Test
Procedures for Microwave Ovens, and
provide docket number EERE–2008–
BT–TP–0011 and/or regulatory
information number (RIN) 1904–AB78.
Comments may be submitted using any
of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal:
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: MicroOven-2008-TP0011@ee.doe.gov. Include docket
number EERE–2008–BT–TP–0011 and/
or RIN 1904–AB78 in the subject line of
the message.
3. Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S.
Department of Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Mailstop EE–2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20585–0121. If
possible, please submit all items on a
compact disc (CD), in which case it is
not necessary to include printed copies.
4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda
Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, 6th
Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW.,
Washington, DC 20024. Telephone:
(202) 586–2945. If possible, please
submit all items on a CD, in which case
it is not necessary to include printed
copies.
For detailed instructions on
submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process,
see section V of this document (Public
Participation).
Docket: The docket is available for
review at https://www.regulations.gov,
including Federal Register notices,
framework documents, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts,
comments, and other supporting
documents/materials. All documents in
the docket are listed in the https://
www.regulations.gov index. However,
not all documents listed in the index
may be publicly available, such as
information that is exempt from public
disclosure.
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 226 / Wednesday, November 23, 2011 / Proposed Rules
A link to the docket web page can be
found at: https://www.regulations.gov/
#!docketDetail;rpp=10;po=0;D=EERE2008-BT-TP-0011. This web page
contains a link to the docket for this
notice on the https://
www.regulations.gov site. The https://
www.regulations.gov web page contains
simple instructions on how to access all
documents, including public comments,
in the docket. See section V for
information on how to submit
comments through https://
www.regulations.gov.
For further information on how to
submit a comment or review other
public comments and the docket,
contact Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202)
586–2945 or email:
Brenda.Edwards@ee.doe.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Wes Anderson, U.S. Department of
Energy, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20585–0121. Tel.:
(202) 586–7335. Email:
Wes.Anderson@ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Ari Altman, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–71, 1000 Independence Avenue
SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Tel.: (202) 287–6307, Email:
Ari.Altman@hq.doe.gov.
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Table of Contents
I. Background and Legal Authority
II. Summary of the Supplemental Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Products Covered by This Test
Procedure Rulemaking
B. Effective Date for the Test Procedure and
Date on Which Use of the Test Procedure
Would Be Required
C. Incorporation of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition)
1. Stable Power Consumption
2. Unstable, Non-Cyclic Power
Consumption
3. Cyclic Power Consumption
4. Product Testing
5. Conclusions on Test Methodology
D. Definitions of ‘‘Active Mode,’’ ‘‘Standby
Mode,’’ and ‘‘Off Mode’’
E. Specifications for the Test Methods and
Measurements for Microwave Oven
Standby Mode and Off Mode Testing
F. Compliance With Other EPCA
Requirements
1. Test Burden
2. Certification Requirements
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
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Title III of the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6291 et
seq.; ‘‘EPCA’’ or, ‘‘the Act’’) sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. (All
references to EPCA refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy
Independence and Security Act of 2007
(EISA 2007), Pub. L. 110–140 (Dec. 19,
2007)). Part B of title III, which for
editorial reasons was redesignated as
Part A upon incorporation into the U.S.
Code (42 U.S.C. 6291–6309), establishes
the ‘‘Energy Conservation Program for
Consumer Products Other Than
Automobiles,’’ including microwave
ovens, the subject of today’s notice. (42
U.S.C. 6291(1)–(2) and 6292(a)(10))
Under EPCA, this program consists
essentially of four parts: (1) Testing, (2)
labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and
enforcement procedures. The testing
requirements consist of test procedures
that manufacturers of covered products
must use (1) as the basis for certifying
to DOE that their products comply with
the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted under EPCA, and (2)
for making representations about the
efficiency of those products. Similarly,
DOE must use these test requirements to
determine whether the products comply
with any relevant standards
promulgated under EPCA.
General Test Procedure Rulemaking
Process
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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I. Background and Legal Authority
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA provides in relevant part that any
test procedures prescribed or amended
under this section shall be reasonably
designed to produce test results which
measure energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
shall not be unduly burdensome to
conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
In addition, if DOE determines that a
test procedure amendment is warranted,
it must publish proposed test
procedures and offer the public an
opportunity to present oral and written
comments on them. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(2)) Finally, in any rulemaking to
amend a test procedure, DOE must
determine to what extent, if any, the
proposed test procedure would alter the
measured energy efficiency of any
covered product as determined under
the existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C.
6293(e)(1)) If DOE determines that the
amended test procedure would alter the
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measured efficiency of a covered
product, DOE must amend the
applicable energy conservation standard
accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
The EISA 2007 amendments to EPCA,
in relevant part, require DOE to amend
the test procedures for all residential
covered products to include measures of
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. Specifically, section 310
of EISA 2007 provides definitions of
‘‘standby mode’’ and ‘‘off mode’’ (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)) and permits DOE
to amend these definitions in the
context of a given product (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(1)(B)). The statute requires
integration of such energy consumption
‘‘into the overall energy efficiency,
energy consumption, or other energy
descriptor for each covered product,
unless the Secretary determines that—
(i) The current test procedures for a
covered product already fully account
for and incorporate the standby mode
and off mode energy consumption of the
covered product; or
(ii) Such an integrated test procedure
is technically infeasible for a particular
covered product, in which case the
Secretary shall prescribe a separate
standby mode and off mode energy use
test procedure for the covered product,
if technically feasible.’’ (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A))
Under the statutory provisions
adopted by EISA 2007, any such
amendment must consider the most
current versions of IEC Standard 62301,
‘‘Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,’’ and
IEC Standard 62087, ‘‘Methods of
measurement for the power
consumption of audio, video, and
related equipment.’’ 1 Id. At the time of
the enactment of EISA 2007, the most
current versions of these standards were
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition 2005–
06) and IEC Standard 62087 (Second
Edition 2008–09).
DOE Test Procedure at Appendix I
Historically, DOE’s active mode test
procedure for microwave ovens
appeared at appendix I to subpart B of
Title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR).2 That test procedure
1 EISA 2007 directs DOE to also consider IEC
Standard 62087 when amending its test procedures
to include standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. See 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A).
However, IEC Standard 62087 addresses the
methods of measuring the power consumption of
audio, video, and related equipment. Accordingly,
the narrow scope of this particular IEC standard
reduces its relevance to today’s proposal.
2 In a final rule published on April 8, 2009 (74
FR 16040), DOE found that no active mode cooking
efficiency standards were justified for electric
cooking products, including microwave ovens. This
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was part of an October 3, 1997 final rule
that also revised the test procedures for
other cooking products to measure their
efficiency and energy use more
accurately. 62 FR 51976. That final rule
incorporated portions of IEC Standard
705–1998 and Amendment 2–1993,
‘‘Methods for Measuring the
Performance of Microwave Ovens for
Households and Similar Purposes’’ to
measure microwave oven cooking
efficiency, but did not address energy
use in the standby or off modes. Id.
DOE published a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NOPR) on October 17, 2008
(hereafter referred to as the October
2008 TP NOPR), in which it proposed
incorporating provisions from IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) into the
DOE active mode test procedure, as well
as language to clarify application of
these provisions for measuring standby
mode and off mode power in microwave
ovens. 73 FR 62134. DOE held a public
meeting on November 14, 2008
(hereafter referred to as the November
2008 public meeting) to hear oral
comments on and solicit information
relevant to the October 2008 TP NOPR.
Interested parties remarked upon,
among other things, harmonization of
standards and test procedures with
those of other countries and
international agencies. In particular
commenters urged DOE to consider IEC
Standard 62301, ‘‘Household electrical
appliances—Measurement of standby
power,’’ Edition 2.0 2011–01 (IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition) or
‘‘Second Edition’’), which was in the
process of being drafted.
EPCA requires DOE to consider the
most recent version of IEC Standard
62301. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) After
the October 2008 TP NOPR was
published, DOE determined that it
would consider the revised version of
IEC Standard 62301, (i.e., IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition)), in the
microwave oven test procedure
rulemaking. DOE anticipated, based on
review of drafts of the updated IEC
rulemaking completed the second cycle of
rulemakings required by the NAECA amendments
to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(2)) In its analysis for
the second cycle of rulemakings, DOE determined
that the microwave oven test procedure provisions
to measure cooking efficiency do not produce
accurate and repeatable test results. DOE was
unaware of any test procedures that had been
developed that addressed the concerns with the
DOE microwave oven cooking efficiency test
procedure. DOE, therefore, repealed the regulatory
provisions establishing the active mode cooking
efficiency test procedure for microwave ovens
under EPCA in a final rule published on July 22,
2010 (the July 2010 TP Final Rule). 75 FR 42579.
DOE also published a notice of a public meeting to
discuss a separate rulemaking process to replace the
repealed provisions for measuring microwave oven
energy efficiency in active mode on July 22, 2010.
75 FR 42611.
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Standard 62301, that the revisions could
include different mode definitions. The
revised version was expected in July
2009. IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) was not published, however,
until January 27, 2011.
Because the EISA 2007 amendments
to EPCA required DOE to establish test
procedures for standby mode and off
mode by March 31, 2011, and because
DOE is conducting a concurrent energy
conservation standards rulemaking for
standby and off mode energy use,
discussed below, DOE published a
supplemental notice of proposed
rulemaking (SNOPR) on July 22, 2010
(hereafter referred to as the July 2010 TP
SNOPR) proposing mode definitions
based on those in the then current draft
version of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition), designated as IEC Standard
62301 Second Edition, Committee Draft
for Vote (IEC Standard 62301 (CDV)). 75
FR 42612, 42620–23 (July 22, 2010).
DOE noted in the July 2010 TP SNOPR
that IEC Standard 62301 (CDV)
contained proposed amendments to IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition),
including new mode definitions based
on those proposed in IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition), Committee
Draft 2 (IEC Standard 62301 (CD2)) 3 and
which addressed comments received by
interested parties in response to IEC
Standard 62301 (CD2). As a result of
this continued refinement on the basis
of public comment, DOE stated that it
believed that those most recent mode
definitions represented the best
definitions available for the analysis in
support of this rulemaking. 75 FR
42612, 42621.
DOE held a public meeting on
September 16, 2010 (hereafter referred
to as the September 2010 public
meeting), to hear oral comments on and
solicit information relevant to the July
2010 TP SNOPR. Interested parties
remarked upon, among other things,
covered products, incorporation of IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition), mode
definitions, and testing procedures. On
October 29, 2010, the IEC released a
finalized draft version of IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition), IEC Standard
62301 (FDIS).
On March 9, 2011, DOE published an
interim final rule (hereafter referred to
as the March 2011 Interim Final Rule)
amending the test procedures for
microwave ovens. 76 FR 12825. The
March 2011 Interim Final Rule
incorporated by reference specific
clauses from IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition) regarding test conditions and
testing procedures for measuring the
3 IEC Standard 62301 (CD2) was the draft version
immediately preceding IEC Standard 62301 (CDV).
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average standby mode and average off
mode power consumption into the
microwave oven test procedure. DOE
also incorporated into the microwave
oven test procedure definitions of
‘‘active mode,’’ ‘‘standby mode,’’ and
‘‘off mode’’ based on the definitions
provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS).
DOE further adopted language to clarify
the application of clauses from IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) for
measuring standby mode and off mode
power in the interim final rule.
Specifically, DOE defined the test
duration for cases in which the
measured power is not stable (i.e., varies
over a cycle), recognizing that the power
consumption of microwave oven
displays can vary based on the
displayed clock time. 76 FR 12825,
12828.
The amendments adopted in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule became
effective on April 8, 2011. However,
DOE noted that in order to ensure that
the amended test procedure adequately
addresses the EISA 2007 requirement to
consider the most recent version of IEC
Standard 62301, and recognizing that
the IEC issued IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) in January of 2011,
DOE issued the microwave oven test
procedure as an interim final rule and
offered an additional 180-day comment
period to consider whether any changes
should be made to the interim final rule
in light of publication of IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition). DOE stated that
it would consider these comments and,
to the extent necessary, publish a final
rulemaking incorporating any changes.
76 FR 12825, 12830–31. In response to
the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
interested parties commented, among
other things, that DOE should
incorporate by reference IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition) for optimal
international harmonization, to give
clarity and consistency to the regulated
community and to decrease the testing
burden.
As stated above, DOE is considering
amended microwave oven energy
conservation standards addressing
standby and off mode energy use
concurrently with the test procedure
rulemaking process. The National
Appliance Energy Conservation Act of
1987 (NAECA; Pub. L. 100–12), which
amended EPCA, established prescriptive
standards for kitchen ranges and ovens,
but no standards were established for
microwave ovens. (42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(1))
The NAECA amendments also required
DOE to conduct two cycles of
rulemakings to determine whether to
revise the standard. (42 U.S.C.
6295(h)(2)) DOE undertook the first
cycle of these rulemakings and issued a
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final rule on September 8, 1998 (63 FR
48038), in which DOE found that no
amended standards were justified for
electric cooking products, including
microwave ovens.
DOE initiated the second cycle of
energy conservation standards
rulemakings for cooking products by
publishing a framework document
covering, in part, microwave ovens, and
giving notice of a public meeting and
the availability of the framework
document. 71 FR 15059 (March 27,
2006). On November 15, 2007, DOE
published an advance notice of
proposed rulemaking (ANOPR) (72 FR
64432) (hereafter the November 2007
ANOPR) concerning energy
conservation standards for commercial
clothes washers and residential
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
cooking products, including microwave
ovens (collectively, appliance
standards). In the November 2007
ANOPR, DOE determined that energy
consumption by microwave ovens in the
standby mode represents a significant
portion of microwave oven energy use,
and that a standard regulating such
energy consumption would likely have
significant energy savings. 72 FR 64432,
64441–42. Before standby power could
be included in an efficiency standard for
microwave ovens, however, test
procedures for the measurement of
standby power would be required. Id.
On December 13, 2007, DOE held a
public meeting to receive comments on
the November 2007 ANOPR (hereafter
referred to as the December 2007 public
meeting). At the December 2007 public
meeting, DOE presented the possibility
that test standard IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) could be incorporated by
reference into DOE’s microwave oven
test procedure to measure standby
power. DOE also discussed
clarifications to the IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) test conditions, including
a requirement that, if the measured
power were not stable, the standby
mode power test would be run for a
period of 12 hours with an initial clock
setting of 12 a.m. This would permit
more accurate measurement of average
standby power consumption.
DOE published a NOPR for the
appliance standards rulemaking on
October 17, 2008, in which it tentatively
concluded that a standard for
microwave oven standby mode and off
mode energy consumption would be
technologically feasible and
economically justified. 73 FR 62034.
DOE received responses to the NOPR
from interested parties regarding the
harmonization of standards and test
procedures with those of other countries
and international agencies. As a result
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of these comments, DOE decided to
consider the revised version of IEC
Standard 62301 (i.e., IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition)) in the
development of energy conservation
standards for the standby mode and off
mode power consumption of microwave
ovens. As stated above, because the
issuance of the revised version did not
occur until January 27, 2011, DOE
considered the most recent draft at the
time, which was version IEC Standard
62301 (CDV) for the July 2010 TP
SNOPR and IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS)
for the March 2011 TP Interim Final
Rule. 75 FR 42612, 42614; 76 FR 12825,
12831–33.
II. Summary of the Supplemental
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
As discussed in section I, DOE
published the March 2011 Interim Final
Rule to provide an opportunity for it to
fully consider whether any changes
should be made in light of publication
of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition).
For this reason, and, based upon the
public comment received on the March
2011 Interim Final Rule, DOE decided
to further analyze IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition), which published on
January 27, 2011. Consistent with its
statutory mandate, DOE has reviewed
this latest version of the IEC standard
and believes that it improves some
measurements of standby mode and off
mode energy use. Accordingly, DOE
proposes in today’s SNOPR to
incorporate certain provisions of the IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition), along
with clarifying language, into the DOE
test procedures for microwave ovens
adopted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule. In addition, DOE proposes
in today’s SNOPR to make minor
editorial changes in 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix I, section 2.2.1.1 to
aid the reader by presenting the
electrical supply voltages consistently
for microwave ovens and conventional
cooking products, and also in section
1.12 to clarify the alternative use of
metric units for various measurements
and calculations in the conventional
cooking products test procedure. For the
reader’s convenience, DOE has
reproduced in this SNOPR the entire
body of regulatory text from the March
2011 Interim Final Rule for the
microwave oven test procedure, further
amended as appropriate according to
today’s proposals.
As noted above, EPCA requires that
DOE determine whether a proposed test
procedure amendment would alter the
measured efficiency of a product,
thereby requiring adjustment of existing
standards. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)) Because
there are currently no Federal energy
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conservation standards for microwave
ovens (including energy use in the
standby and off modes), such
requirement does not apply to this
rulemaking. DOE is conducting a
concurrent rulemaking process to
consider standby and off mode energy
conservation standards and will
consider this test procedure rulemaking
as any standards are developed.
III. Discussion
A. Products Covered by This Test
Procedure Rulemaking
DOE defines ‘‘microwave oven’’ as a
class of kitchen ranges and ovens which
is a household cooking appliance
consisting of a compartment designed to
cook or heat food by means of
microwave energy. 10 CFR 430.2 In the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, DOE
determined that this regulatory
definition includes all ovens equipped
with microwave capability, including
combination ovens (i.e., microwave
ovens that incorporate convection
features and possibly other means of
cooking) because they are capable of
cooking or heating food by means of
microwave energy. 76 FR 12825, 12828–
30 (March 9, 2011). DOE also
determined that the test procedure
would not apply to the type of cooking
appliance classified by DOE regulations
as a microwave/conventional range,
which has separate compartments or
components consisting of a microwave
oven, a conventional oven, and a
conventional cooking top. Id. at 12830.
DOE noted that it will evaluate any
differences among microwave ovens and
combination microwave ovens,
including installation configurations
and heating features that may warrant
different product classes or energy
conservation standards during its
microwave oven standards rulemaking.
Id. at 12829–30. DOE also noted that
defining a covered product for the
purposes of measuring standby mode
and off mode energy use does not
require that active mode provisions be
specified for that same product. When
considering future active mode test
procedure amendments, DOE will
evaluate the suitability of separate
provisions for combination microwave
ovens to measure the energy
performance of heating components
other than the microwave portion. Id.
DOE also noted in the March 2011
Interim Final Rule that, based on its
limited testing of a small sample of
over-the-range microwave ovens, as well
as more extensive testing of a sample of
over-the-range combination microwave
ovens, DOE did not identify any
different standby or off modes as
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compared to countertop microwaveonly units. Thus, DOE determined that
the measures adopted in the March 2011
Interim Final Rule provide
representative measures of standby
mode and off mode energy use in
countertop and over-the-range
configurations of microwave ovens and
combination microwave ovens, and did
not provide an exclusion for over-therange units in the definition of covered
products. Differences in energy use in
these modes between countertop and
over-the-range configurations would be
evaluated as part of the energy
conservation standards rulemaking
addressing standby mode and off mode
for microwave ovens. Id.
The Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers (AHAM) objected to the
definition of covered products in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule because
it does not consider the effects on a
possible future active mode test
procedure. AHAM stated that an active
mode test procedure is likely to have
inherent complexities, as indicated by
DOE’s repeal of the active mode test
procedure, and not considering active
mode in the definition of covered
products will only add to those
complexities. AHAM stated that DOE
should address this issue now and
would work with DOE to determine
how the differences between
microwave-only ovens, over-the-range
microwave ovens, and combination
ovens should be addressed. (AHAM, No.
31 at p. 2) 4 Whirlpool Corporation
(Whirlpool) supported the comments
made by AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at
p. 1)
As discussed above, DOE will
evaluate the suitability of separate
provisions for measuring the active
mode energy use of different heating
components or other product features
related to installation configuration
when considering future amendments to
the microwave oven test procedure to
address active mode. DOE may consider
at that time whether amendments to the
definition of ‘‘microwave oven’’ are
necessary for the development of an
active mode test procedure. DOE also
notes that it makes determinations
regarding the scope of covered products,
including potential grouping in product
classes, in the energy conservation
standards rulemaking process. As
4 A notation in the form ‘‘AHAM, No. 31 at p. 2’’
identifies a written comment: (1) Made by the
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers; (2)
recorded in document number 31 that is filed in the
docket of the microwave oven test procedures
rulemaking (Docket No. EERE–2008–BT–TP–0011)
and available for review at https://
www.regulations.gov; and (3) which appears on
page 2 of document number 31.
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discussed in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule, under the definition of
‘‘microwave oven,’’ all ovens equipped
with microwave capability would be
considered covered products, and that
for the standby mode and off mode test
procedure, the same testing
methodology can be used for
microwave-only, over-the-range
microwave ovens, and combination
microwave ovens. 76 FR 12825, 12829–
30 (Mar. 9, 2011). For these reasons,
DOE is not proposing amendments to
the definition of ‘‘microwave oven’’ in
10 CFR 430.2 in today’s SNOPR.
AHAM commented that the
determination of covered products in
the March 2011 Interim Final Rule is
overly broad. AHAM stated that
combination ovens are now covered
products under the definition of
‘‘microwave oven’’ according to the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, but the
adopted test procedure fails to make
that clear. AHAM stated that, according
to the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, a
free-standing range with microwave
capability would be excluded, but this
is not clear from the definition. AHAM
continues to believe that DOE should
not consider combination ovens as
meeting the definition of ‘‘microwave
oven,’’ but that DOE could alternatively
clarify the intent to include combination
ovens as covered products by defining
the term ‘‘combination oven.’’ (AHAM,
No. 31 at p. 2) Whirlpool supported the
comments made by AHAM. (Whirlpool,
No. 30 at p. 1)
Although DOE provided a definition
of a combination oven as a microwave
oven that incorporates convection
features and possibly other means of
cooking in the March 2011 Interim Final
Rule, it agrees that additional clarity
would be gained by codifying a
definition. To that end, DOE is
proposing to add such a definition of
‘‘combination oven’’ to the definitions
in 10 CFR 430.2. DOE further notes that
the definition of ‘‘microwave oven’’
adopted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule specifies that the appliance
would consist of a compartment
designed to cook or heat food by means
of microwave energy and would include
combination ovens. However, 10 CFR
430.2 additionally defines a microwave/
conventional range as distinct from a
microwave oven, although it
incorporates a microwave oven along
with a conventional oven and
conventional cooking top. Because the
test procedure applies only to
microwave ovens and not to microwave/
conventional ranges, a free-standing
range with microwave capability in one
compartment and a conventional oven
in a separate compartment would not be
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a covered product under this
rulemaking. Additionally, a range
incorporating a single compartment
with microwave capability and other
cooking or heating means, along with a
conventional cooking top, would not be
considered a covered product because
the cooking top portion would exclude
the range from the relevant portion of
the definition of ‘‘microwave oven’’
(e.g., a compartment designed to cook or
heat food by means of microwave
energy.)
AHAM also commented that, based
on DOE’s statement that the definition
of combination microwave oven as a
covered product does not hinge on
which cooking mode is primary (i.e.,
radiant heating or microwave energy)
and that all ovens equipped with
microwave capability would be
considered a covered product under the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, a
product that uses radiant heat for
cooking, but also uses microwave
energy as a secondary cooking mode,
would be covered as a microwave oven
as well as a conventional cooking
product, and such a product should not
be twice regulated. AHAM stated,
therefore, that such a product should
not be covered by the definition of
microwave oven. (AHAM, No. 31 at p.
2) Whirlpool supported the comments
made by AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at
p. 1)
DOE defines ‘‘conventional oven’’ as
‘‘a class of kitchen ranges and ovens
which is a household cooking appliance
consisting of one or more compartments
intended for the cooking or heating of
food by means of either a gas flame or
electric resistance heating. It does not
include portable or countertop ovens
which use electric resistance heating for
the cooking or heating of food and are
designed for an electrical supply of
approximately 120 volts.’’ 10 CFR 430.2
Because this definition does not provide
for the option of cooking or heating food
by means of microwave energy, DOE
concludes that a product comprising a
single compartment that uses both
radiant heat and microwave energy for
cooking would be covered only under
the definition of ‘‘microwave oven,’’
which includes combination microwave
ovens (including those with radiant
heating elements) regardless of which is
considered the primary cooking mode,
and would not be covered as a
conventional cooking product.
DOE acknowledges that the definition
of ‘‘microwave oven’’ considers only a
single compartment, while the
definition of ‘‘conventional oven’’
allows for the possibility of one or more
compartments. DOE believes that, for
products that consist of multiple oven
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compartments but no integral cooking
top portion, the compartment(s) that
provide for cooking by means of
microwave energy in combination with
any other cooking or heating means
would be classified as microwave ovens,
while the compartment(s) that cook or
heat food by means of a gas flame or
electric resistance heating without the
use of microwave energy would be
classified as conventional ovens.
DOE notes that its regulations contain
certain provisions allowing a
manufacturer to seek a waiver from the
test procedure requirements for covered
consumer products if at least one of the
following conditions is met: (1) The
petitioner’s basic model contains one or
more design characteristics that prevent
testing according to the prescribed test
procedure, or (2) when the prescribed
test procedures may evaluate the basic
model in a manner so unrepresentative
of its true energy consumption
characteristics as to provide materially
inaccurate comparative data. 10 CFR
430.27(a)(1). Petitioners must include in
their petition any alternative test
procedures known to the petitioner to
evaluate the basic model in a manner
representative of its energy
consumption characteristics. 10 CFR
430.27(b)(1)(iii). The Assistant Secretary
for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy may grant a waiver subject to
conditions, including adherence to
alternate test procedures. 10 CFR
430.27(l). Waivers remain in effect
pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR
430.27(m).
As discussed in section III.B, the
amendments to the DOE microwave
oven test procedure codified in the CFR
would clarify that the procedures and
calculations adopted in the final rule
need not be performed to determine
compliance with energy conservation
standards, until compliance with any
final rule establishing amended energy
conservation standards for microwave
ovens in standby mode and off mode is
required. At that time, any application
for waiver from the test procedure may
be submitted. As noted in section I, DOE
is currently conducting an energy
conservation standards rulemaking to
address microwave oven standby power
consumption. DOE also notes that
determinations as to whether certain
products are considered covered under
DOE’s regulations are made in the
energy conservation standards
rulemaking.
AHAM commented that it opposes the
inclusion of thermal elements designed
for surface browning in the definition of
microwave ovens. AHAM noted DOE
repealed the active mode test procedure
for microwave ovens because DOE
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determined it was not repeatable or
reproducible and by including
microwave ovens with thermal elements
in the definition of microwave ovens,
that same unworkable situation would
be created here. According to AHAM,
there is currently no repeatable and
reproducible test procedure for
microwave ovens with thermal
elements, and those units with thermal
elements may use different amounts of
energy than units with microwave-only
capability. In addition, AHAM
commented that there are no agreedupon definitions as to what constitutes
‘‘browning.’’ AHAM urged DOE to not
include thermal elements designed for
surface browning in the definition of
‘‘microwave oven.’’ (AHAM, No. 31 at
pp. 2–3) Whirlpool supported the
comments made by AHAM. (Whirlpool,
No. 30 at p. 1)
As discussed above, DOE may
consider amendments to the test
procedure to measure the active mode
energy use in a separate test procedure
rulemaking process, including the
methods for measuring the energy use of
thermal elements. As discussed in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, under
the definition of ‘‘microwave oven,’’ all
ovens equipped with microwave
capability would be considered a
covered products, including those with
thermal elements. 76 FR 12825, 12830
(Mar. 9, 2011). DOE also makes
determinations regarding the scope of
covered products in the energy
conservation standards rulemaking
process. As a result, DOE is not
proposing amendments to the definition
of ‘‘microwave oven’’ in 10 CFR 430.2
to exclude thermal elements designed
for surface browning in today’s SNOPR.
AHAM commented that DOE should
again consider the differences between
countertop microwave ovens and overthe-range microwave ovens, noting there
are significant differences both in
energy consumption and consumer
utility. AHAM noted that countertop
microwave ovens are typically designed
for room temperature ambient
conditions, whereas over-the-range
microwave ovens must be designed to
withstand the higher temperatures
above a range. AHAM commented that
features such as the display require
more energy for over-the-range
microwave ovens to withstand the
higher temperatures, and that Vacuum
Fluorescent Displays (VFDs) are used
more often in such units because of
their reliability at higher temperatures,
but require higher current to operate in
both active and standby modes. AHAM
noted that countertop microwave ovens
can use lower-power Light Emitting
Diode (LED) displays due to the lower
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72337
ambient temperatures. AHAM added
that other energy-using features
typically exist only in over-the-range
microwave ovens, such as air venting
and circulation, forced cooling, and
cooktop lighting. (AHAM, No. 31 at p.
3) Whirlpool supported the comments
made by AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at
p. 1)
As discussed in the March 2011
Interim Final Rule, DOE did not identify
during its research and testing any
different standby or off modes for overthe-range microwave-only and
combination microwave ovens as
compared to countertop microwaveonly units. DOE noted that differences
in energy use, installation
configurations, and heating features
between countertop and over-the-range
configurations that may warrant
different product classes would be
evaluated as part of the energy
conservation standards rulemaking
addressing standby mode and off mode
for microwave ovens. 76 FR 12825,
12829–30 (Mar. 9, 2011). DOE may
consider the suitability of separate
provisions for over-the-range microwave
ovens to measure the energy
performance of active mode features
such as air venting and circulation,
forced cooling, and cooktop lighting
when considering future active mode
test procedure amendments.
Intirion Corporation (Intirion)
commented that its product—an
integrated microwave oven, refrigerator/
freezer, and two charging stations
(‘‘MicroFridge’’)—should not be
considered a covered product under the
proposed energy conservation standards
for microwave oven standby power and
should be considered exempt from the
standard. (Intirion, No. 29 at p. 1)
Intirion commented that the
MicroFridge should be considered a
combination appliance which,
according to Intirion, is significantly
different from a typical microwave
oven. Intirion also noted that, although
the MicroFridge can either be shipped
as a pre-assembled combination
appliance or as a separate unit (with the
consumer attaching the microwave oven
and refrigerator/freezer on-site), the
intention of the MicroFridge is to be
used as a combination appliance.
(Intirion, No. 29 at pp. 1–2) The
MicroFridge allows the consumer to
power a microwave oven, refrigerator/
freezer, and charging stations from a
single outlet. Intirion commented that
the microwave oven controller in the
MicroFridge also manages electrical
flow for the microwave oven,
refrigerator/freezer, and charging
stations to prevent the electrical circuit
from overloading. When the microwave
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oven is in use, the electrical flow to the
charging stations and refrigerator are
turned off. (Intirion, No. 29 at p. 2)
Intirion further commented that when
considering the microwave oven
exclusive of the charging stations and
refrigerator electrical management, the
microwave oven LED clock display and
microcontroller consume 2 watts (W) in
standby mode.5 (Intirion, No. 29 at pp.
2–3) Intirion requested that DOE issue a
waiver for the MicroFridge microwave
oven from the proposed energy
conservation standards for microwave
oven standby power because its
characteristics make the standby power
standards not applicable, and a wavier
should be granted. (Intirion, No. 29 at
p. 4)
In response, as discussed above for
products that consist of multiple oven
compartments but no integral cooking
top portion, DOE notes that its
regulations contain certain provisions
allowing a manufacturer to seek a
waiver from the test procedure
requirements for covered consumer
products if at least one of the following
conditions is met: (1) The petitioner’s
basic model contains one or more
design characteristics that prevent
testing according to the prescribed test
procedure, or (2) when the prescribed
test procedures may evaluate the basic
model in a manner so unrepresentative
of its true energy consumption
characteristics as to provide materially
inaccurate comparative data. 10 CFR
430.27(a)(1). DOE also notes that
determinations as to whether certain
products are considered covered under
DOE’s regulations are made in the
energy conservation standards
rulemaking.
B. Effective Date for the Test Procedure
and Date on which Use of the Test
Procedure Would be Required
The effective date of the standby and
off mode test procedures for microwave
ovens would be 30 days after the date
of publication of the final rule. DOE’s
amended test procedure regulations
codified in the CFR would clarify,
though, that the procedures and
calculations adopted in the final rule
need not be performed to determine
compliance with energy conservation
standards, until compliance with any
final rule establishing amended energy
conservation standards for microwave
ovens in standby mode and off mode is
required. However, as of 180 days after
5 Aside from the microwave oven LED display
and microcontroller, Intirion noted that the
Microfridge consumes 0.2W for 2 front green LED
lamps, 0.5W each for two front outlets, and 0.5W
for a rear outlet. The total standby power of the
MicroFridge is thus 3.7W.
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publication of the final rule, any
representations as to the standby mode
and off mode energy consumption of the
products that are the subject of this
rulemaking would need to be based
upon results generated under the
applicable provisions of this test
procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
C. Incorporation of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition)
As noted above, EPCA, as amended by
EISA 2007, requires that test procedures
be amended to include standby mode
and off mode energy consumption,
taking into consideration the most
current versions of IEC Standards 62301
and 62087. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
The March 2011 Interim Final Rule
incorporated in the test procedures for
microwave ovens relevant provisions
from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition)
for measuring standby mode and off
mode power. DOE reviewed the IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) and
concluded that it would be generally
applicable to microwave ovens,
although some clarification would be
needed. Specifically, DOE adopted a
specific standby mode power
measurement methodology for units in
which power varies as a function of
displayed time. 76 FR 12825, 12837–
12840 (Mar. 9, 2011). With these
clarifications in place, the March 2011
Interim Final Rule referenced IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) for the
standby mode and off mode wattage
measurements.
DOE noted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule that there were significant
differences between IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) and IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS), which was the latest draft
version of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) available during the drafting of
the interim final rule. Id. at 12832–33.
For example, IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS)
clarified certain provisions, such as the
definition of ‘‘standby mode’’ and ‘‘off
mode’’ to allow for the measurement of
multiple standby power modes. IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) incorporated
responses to comments from multiple
national committees from member
countries on several previous draft
versions, and thus, DOE believed, it
provided the best available mode
definitions. Id. After considering both
versions of IEC Standard 62301 (i.e.,
First Edition and FDIS), DOE concluded
in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule
that the definitions of ‘‘standby mode,’’
‘‘off mode,’’ and ‘‘active mode’’
provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS)
were more useful, in that they expanded
upon the EPCA mode definitions and
provided additional guidance as to
which functions would be associated
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with each mode. Therefore, DOE
adopted the definitions of ‘‘standby
mode,’’ ‘‘off mode,’’ and ‘‘active mode’’
based on the definitions provided in IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) in the March
2011 Interim Final Rule. Id. at 12836.
DOE noted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule that IEC published the final
version of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) on January 27, 2011, too late to
be incorporated into the rulemaking.
DOE also noted that significant changes
in the methodology of IEC Standard
62301 were first introduced only at the
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) stage. DOE
noted that those changes had not been,
at that time, the subject of significant
public comment from interested parties,
nor had DOE had the opportunity to
conduct a thorough analysis of those
provisions. Id. at 12833. Given the
pending statutory deadline for issuance
of a microwave oven standard and the
recent adoption of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition), DOE decided to base
the test procedure amendments in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule (other
than the mode definitions) on the
provisions of IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition). Id.
In response to the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule, AHAM commented that
DOE should incorporate by reference
IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) as
published. AHAM also commented that
all of the provisions incorporated by
reference should be from IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition) and not
reference sections from both IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) and IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition),
including any draft versions. AHAM
noted that the Second Edition has been
vetted through an extensive consensus
method of standards development that
includes dozens of countries. AHAM
also noted that IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) contains a number of
important clarifications not present in
the First Edition. AHAM commented
that incorporation by reference of the
Second Edition will allow for optimum
international harmonization, which
gives clarity and consistency to the
regulated community, and also
significantly decreases the testing
burden on manufacturers. AHAM stated
that if DOE maintains its incorporation
by reference of IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition), regulated parties would
have to test products under one test
procedure in the United States and a
different procedure in other countries,
adding significant testing burden.
(AHAM, No. 31 at pp. 3–4; AHAM,
DOE–HQ–2011–0014, No. 10 at pp. 3–
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4 6) Whirlpool supported the comments
made by AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at
p. 1)
As discussed in section I, DOE
published the March 2011 Interim Final
Rule to provide an opportunity for it to
fully consider whether any changes
should be made in light of publication
of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition).
DOE agrees with the commenters that
IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) is
an internationally-accepted test
procedure for measuring standby power
in residential appliances, and that it
provides clarification to certain sections
as compared to the First Edition, as
discussed in the following paragraphs.
Section 4, paragraph 4.4 of the Second
Edition revises the power measurement
accuracy provisions of the First Edition.
A more comprehensive specification of
required accuracy is provided in the
Second Edition, which depends upon
technical submissions to the IEC in the
development of IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS), which showed that commonlyused power measurement instruments
were unable to meet the original
requirements for certain types of loads.
Therefore, DOE believes that the
incremental testing burden associated
with the additional measurements and
calculations is offset by the more
reasonable requirements for testing
equipment, while maintaining
measurement accuracy deemed
acceptable and practical by voting
members for IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition). For these reasons,
DOE proposes in today’s supplemental
notice to incorporate by reference in 10
CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix I,
section 2.9.1.3 the power equipment
specifications in section 4, paragraph
4.4 of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition).
the characteristics of the power being
measured. Testers using the Second
Edition are required to measure the crest
factor and power factor of the input
power, and to calculate a maximum
current ratio (MCR) (paragraph 4.4.1 of
the Second Edition). The Second
Edition then specifies calculations to
determine permitted uncertainty in
MCR. DOE notes, however, that the
allowable uncertainty is the same or less
stringent than the allowable uncertainty
specified in the First Edition, depending
on the value of MCR and the power
level being measured (see Table III.1 for
examples). This change in the allowable
uncertainty, however, maintains
sufficient accuracy of measurements
under a full range of possible measured
power levels without placing undue
demands on the instrumentation. These
power measurement accuracy
requirements were based upon detailed
TABLE III. 1—COMPARISON OF ALLOWABLE UNCERTAINTY IN MEASURED POWER
Allowable uncertainty (W)
Measured power (W)
IEC 62301
(second edition)
IEC 62301
(first edition)
MCR = 5
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5.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.2
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
0.1
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
MCR = 15
0.1
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.14
0.056
0.028
0.02
0.02
DOE notes that section 5, paragraph
5.2 of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) maintains the installation and
setup procedures incorporated by
reference in the microwave oven test
procedure in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule from the First Edition. These
provisions require that the appliance be
prepared and set up in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions, and that if
no instructions are given, then the
factory or ‘‘default’’ settings shall be
used, or where there are no indications
for such settings, the appliance is tested
as supplied. Additionally, IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition) adds certain
clarifications to the installation and
setup procedures in section 5, paragraph
5.2 of the First Edition regarding
products equipped with a battery
recharging circuit for an internal battery,
as well as instructions for testing each
relevant configuration option identified
in the product’s instructions for use.
DOE is not aware of any microwave
oven with an internal battery, or with a
recharging circuit for such a battery.
DOE also believes that a requirement to
separately test each configuration option
could substantially increase test burden
and potentially conflicts with the
requirement within the same section to
set up the product in accordance with
the instructions for use or, if no such
instructions are available, to use the
factory or ‘‘default’’ settings. Therefore,
DOE tentatively concludes that the
portions of the installation instructions
in section 5, paragraph 5.2 of IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
pertaining to batteries and the
requirement for the determination,
classification, and testing of all modes
associated with every combination of
available product configuration options
(which may be more numerous than the
modes associated with operation at the
default settings) are not appropriate for
the microwave oven test procedures.
Accordingly, DOE is proposing
qualifying language in the test
procedure amendments at 10 CFR part
430, subpart B, appendix I, section 2.1.3
to disregard those portions of the
installation instructions.
The Second Edition also contains
provisions for the power supply (section
4.3) and power-measuring instruments
(section 4.4). Paragraph 4.3.2 requires
that the value of the harmonic content
of the voltage supply be recorded during
the test and reported. As described
previously, paragraph 4.4.1 requires the
instrument to measure the crest factor
and maximum current ratio. Paragraph
4.4.3 requires the instrument to be
capable of measuring the average power
or integrated total energy consumption
over any operator-selected time interval.
DOE is aware of commercially available
power measurement instruments that
can perform each of these required
measurements individually. However,
DOE is also aware that certain industrystandard instruments, such as the
Yokogawa WT210/WT230 digital power
meter and possibly others, are unable to
measure harmonic content or crest
6 A notation in the form ‘‘AHAM, DOE–HQ–
2011–0014, No. 10 at pp. 3–4’’ identifies a written
comment: (1) Made by AHAM; (2) recorded in
document number 10 that is filed in the docket of
the Request for Information on reducing regulatory
burden (Docket No. DOE–HQ–2011–0014) and
available for review at https://www.regulations.gov;
and (3) which appears on pages 3 through 4 of
document number 10.
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factor while measuring average power or
total integrated energy consumption.
DOE is concerned that laboratories
currently using power-measuring
instruments without this capability
would be required to purchase, at
potentially significant expense,
additional power-measuring
instruments that are able to perform all
these measurements simultaneously.
Therefore, DOE proposes in 10 CFR part
430, subpart B, appendix I, sections
2.2.1.2 and 2.9.1.3 that if the powermeasuring instrument is unable to
perform these measurements during the
actual test measurement, it would be
acceptable to measure the total
harmonic content, crest factor, and
maximum current ratio immediately
before and immediately after the actual
test measurement to determine whether
the requirements for the power supply
and power measurement have been met.
DOE requests comment on whether this
represents an acceptable interpretation
of the power measurement requirements
of the Second Edition.
The other major changes in the
Second Edition related to the
measurement of standby mode and off
mode power consumption in covered
products involve measurement
techniques and specification of the
stability criteria required to measure
that power. The Second Edition
contains more detailed techniques to
evaluate the stability of the power
consumption and to measure the power
consumption for loads with different
stability characteristics. According to
the Second Edition, the user is given a
choice of measurement procedures,
including sampling methods, average
reading methods, and a direct meter
reading method. DOE evaluated these
new methods in terms of test burden
and improvement in results as
compared to those methods adopted in
the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
which were based on IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition).
In the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
DOE adopted provisions requiring that
microwave oven standby mode and off
mode power be measured using section
5, paragraph 5.3 of IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition). DOE also adopted
additional specific methodology for
microwave ovens in which power varies
as a function of the time displayed. In
particular, based on DOE’s testing, DOE
adopted a requirement for these
microwave ovens to set the display time
to 3:23 and allowing a 10-minute
stabilization period prior to a 10-minute
measurement period for the display
time of 3:33 to 3:42, based on the
average power approach of section 5,
paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC Standard
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62301 (First Edition). DOE stated that
this method provides a valid measure of
standby energy use for those microwave
ovens with power consumption varying
according to the time displayed on the
clock. 76 FR 12825, 12838–40 (Mar. 9,
2011).
For today’s supplemental notice, to
determine the potential impacts of
referencing methodology from IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition) rather
than from the First Edition, DOE
compared the provisions allowed by
each under different scenarios of power
consumption stability, as discussed in
the following sections.
1. Stable Power Consumption
According to section 5, paragraph
5.3.1 of IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition), after an initial stabilization
period of 5 minutes, power
consumption is defined as stable if it
varies by less than 5 percent over a
subsequent measurement period of 5
minutes. In such a case, a direct reading
may be made at the end of the
measurement period. Based on this
methodology, which was adopted in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule for
microwave ovens other than units in
which power varies as a function of
displayed time, the total test time would
be at minimum 10 minutes (comprised
of a minimum 5-minute stabilization
period, followed by a minimum 5minute period during which the
stability criterion could be evaluated
and a direct power reading taken.)
Alternatively, the tester may select an
average power or accumulated energy
approach, again with a minimum 5minute measurement period. The
average power approach would simply
require a different reading to be taken
from the instrument (true average power
instead of a direct reading of
instantaneous power), while the
accumulated energy approach would
require the calculation of power by
dividing the accumulated energy by the
duration of the measurement period.
In comparison, section 5, paragraph
5.3.4 of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) specifies a direct meter reading
method that can be used for stable
power consumption, in which a
minimum 30-minute stabilization
period must be observed, followed by a
first power measurement. After an
additional period of 10 minutes, a
second power measurement is taken. If
the average of the two measurements
divided by the time interval between
them meets certain threshold criteria,
then the power consumption is
considered to be the average of the two
power measurements. Thus, the total
test period would still be at minimum
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40 minutes. DOE agrees that this
method likely improves the validity of
the test results, as it is a more stringent
measure of the stability of the power
consumption over a longer period of
time than the First Edition requires.
However, if the threshold criteria are
not met at the end of the test, a different
measurement method must be used,
increasing test time and complexity.
Further, the Second Edition specifies
that the direct reading method shall not
be used for verification purposes. Both
of these qualifications potentially
increase test burden as compared to the
First Edition, possibly requiring the
tester to conduct the more complex
methodology of the methods available
under the Second Edition.
DOE notes that section 5, paragraph
5.3.2 of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) identifies a sampling method as
the preferred means for all power
consumption measurements and the
fastest test method when the power is
stable. For any non-cyclic power
consumption, power readings are
initially recorded over a period of at
least 15 minutes after energizing the
product. Data from the first third of the
measurement period are discarded, and
stability is evaluated by a linear
regression through all power readings in
the second two-thirds of the data. If the
slope of the linear regression is less than
10 milliwatts per hour (mW/h) for input
power less than or equal to 1.0 W, or
less than 1 percent of the input power
per hour for input power greater than
1.0 W, the power consumption is
calculated as the average of the power
readings during the second two-thirds of
the measurement period. If the slope of
the linear regression does not meet these
stability criteria, the total period is
continuously extended until the
stability criteria are met for the second
two-thirds of the data. In some cases,
this is a more stringent requirement
than the stability criteria of IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition). The lack
of a definitive test period means that the
test duration could extend past 15
minutes for certain products—up to 3
hours is allowed in the Second
Edition—and could introduce added
test burden as compared to the First
Edition.
2. Unstable, Non-Cyclic Power
Consumption
Section 5, paragraph 5.3 from IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition), which
DOE incorporated by reference in the
microwave oven test procedure in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule with
clarification, specifies that either an
average power method or accumulated
energy approach could be used for
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measuring non-cyclic unstable power
consumption. As described previously,
this methodology, as adopted in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, would
limit total test duration to 10 minutes.
In contrast, the Second Edition
requires the use of either a sampling
method or average reading method for
measuring power consumption in
standby mode or off mode. The
sampling method is the same as
described previously, but the
measurement period must be at least 60
minutes, and the cumulative average of
all data points recorded during the
second two-thirds of the total period
must fall within a band of ±0.2 percent.
The average reading method in
section 5, paragraph 5.3.3 IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition) comprises both
an average power method and
accumulated energy method, either of
which may be selected for unstable,
non-cyclic power. For both methods, a
30-minute stabilization period is
specified, followed by two comparison
measurement periods of not less than 10
minutes each. The average power
values, either measured directly or
calculated from accumulated energy
during each period, are compared to
determine whether they agree to within
certain threshold criteria. If the
threshold is not achieved, the
comparison periods are each extended
in approximately equal increments until
the threshold is met. If agreement is not
achieved after reaching 30 minutes for
each comparison period, the sampling
method must then be used. Therefore,
the minimum test period is 50 minutes,
but may extend up to 90 minutes, at
which time an additional test may be
required.
DOE believes that the stability criteria
in either method improves the accuracy
and representativeness of the
measurement as compared to the First
Edition, but would cause the required
test time to increase (potentially quite
significantly), with a corresponding
increase in manufacturer burden due to
the additional time and complexity of
the test conduct.
3. Cyclic Power Consumption
The average power approach of
section 5, paragraph 5.3.2(a) in IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) requires
a measurement period of not less than
5 minutes and that at least one or more
complete cycles be measured. For
microwave ovens in which standby
mode power consumption varies as a
function of displayed time, DOE
adopted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule a requirement to set the
display time to 3:23 and allowing a 10minute stabilization period prior to a
10-minute measurement period from the
display time of 3:33 to 3:42, as
described previously, based on the
average power approach of section 5,
paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition). This test method
requires a minimum of 20 minutes to
conduct.
Under section 5, paragraph 5.3.2 of
the Second Edition, testers would be
required to use the sampling method for
microwave ovens that consume varying
power as a function of the displayed
time due to the cyclic nature of this
power consumption. This method
specifies a measurement period of at
least four complete cycles (for a total of
at least 40 minutes) divided into two
comparison periods, with stability
criteria evaluated by calculating the
difference in average power measured in
each comparison period divided by the
time difference of the mid-point of each
comparison period. Similar to the
sampling method for stable power
consumption measurements described
previously, this ‘‘slope’’ must be less
than 10 mW/h for input powers less
than or equal to 1 W, and less than 1
percent of the input power per hour for
input powers greater than 1 W. If the
72341
appropriate stability criterion is not met,
additional cycles are added to each
comparison period until the criterion is
achieved. Once stability has been
reached, the power consumption is
calculated as the average of all readings
from both comparison periods. Because
all of the clock displays which DOE
observed to be incorporated in
microwave ovens are based on a 12-hour
cycle, such a product which consumes
varying power as a function of the
displayed time would be required under
the Second Edition to be tested for a
minimum of 4 cycles, or 48 hours, in
addition to an initial stabilization
period of not less than 10 minutes. DOE
notes that this test duration would
impose a greatly increased test burden
on manufacturers, particularly in
comparison to the adopted 10-minute
methodology.
4. Product Testing
In order to further evaluate the test
methodology of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition), DOE conducted
testing on a representative sample of 26
microwave ovens. DOE conducted tests
according to the sampling method in
section 5, paragraph 5.3.2 of IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition), in
some cases repeating the tests to
evaluate reproducibility. The results
from testing, presented in Table III.2,
show that, for the test units that had
stable, non-cyclic power consumption,
the test duration ranged from 15
minutes to 25 minutes, with an average
of approximately 17 minutes. The
majority of test units required the
minimum test duration of 15 minutes.
For units that showed a stable, cycle
power consumption, DOE used the
methodology adopted in the March 2011
Interim Final Rule, setting the clock
display to 3:23 and allowing a 10minute stabilization period prior to a
10-minute measurement period for the
display time of 3:33 to 3:42.
TABLE III. 2—DOE STANDBY MODE TEST DURATION USING IEC STANDARD 62301 (SECOND EDITION) SAMPLING
METHOD
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Test unit
1 ..........................
2 ..........................
3 ..........................
4 ..........................
5 ..........................
6 ..........................
7 ..........................
8 ..........................
9 ..........................
10 ........................
11 ........................
12 ........................
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Product type
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Countertop
Countertop
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Countertop
Countertop
Countertop
Countertop
Countertop
Countertop
17:29 Nov 22, 2011
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Microwave-Only .............
Combination ..................
Combination ..................
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LED
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LCD
LCD
LCD
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VFD
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Power measurement
method
(Using sampling method)
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
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Test 1
duration
(min)
Cyclic ...................................
Cyclic ...................................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Cyclic ...................................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
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20
20
15
20
15
15
15
15
25
15
18.75
15
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duration
(min)
........................
........................
15
20
........................
........................
15
........................
16
........................
15
15
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TABLE III. 2—DOE STANDBY MODE TEST DURATION USING IEC STANDARD 62301 (SECOND EDITION) SAMPLING
METHOD—Continued
Test unit
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Display
type
Product type
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........................
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........................
........................
........................
Countertop Combination ..................
Countertop Combination ..................
Countertop Combination ..................
Countertop Combination ..................
Countertop Combination ..................
Countertop Combination ..................
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Microwave Only .....
Over-the-Range Combination ..........
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VFD
VFD
LCD
LED
VFD
VFD
Power measurement
method
(Using sampling method)
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Stable,
Test 1
duration
(min)
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Cyclic ...................................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Cyclic ...................................
Non-Cyclic ............................
Non-Cyclic ............................
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Average Test Duration
5. Conclusions on Test Methodology
DOE, in evaluating IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition) in comparison
to the First Edition, confers substantial
weight to the considerable body of
comments on and input to the
provisions and methodology that IEC
developed as part of its latest revision
process. DOE recognizes that, in some
cases, test burden and complexity
would be increased by requiring the use
of the test methods specified in the
Second Edition. However, DOE believes
that in most cases, this added burden on
manufacturers has been sufficiently
considered by the IEC voting members
as being outweighed by the improved
accuracy and representativeness of the
resulting power consumption
measurement. Furthermore,
manufacturers were aware of these
differences, but nevertheless
overwhelmingly supported DOE’s use of
the Second Edition. In addition,
according to AHAM, harmonizing with
international test standards will reduce
testing burden on microwave oven
manufacturers that sell products
internationally by not requiring
multiple standby tests to be conducted
according to different testing methods in
different countries. DOE tentatively
concludes that the application of the
provisions of the Second Edition to
power measurements in off mode and
most standby modes would be
appropriate, and is proposing
incorporation by reference of the
relevant paragraphs of section 5.3 of IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition) in the
test procedures for these products in 10
CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix I,
sections 3.1.3.1 and 3.2.3.
Further, DOE observes that although
the Second Edition allows the choice of
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15
23.75
15
20
15
15
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15
15
15
20
15
15
........................
........................
22.5
15
20
........................
15
........................
........................
........................
15
........................
........................
15
17.0
multiple test methods for both stable
and unstable non-cyclic power
consumption, the sampling method
provides for a test duration that is
approximately the same or similar to the
allowable alternative methods and does
not require classification of the nature of
the power consumption (e.g., stable or
unstable, non-cyclic) in advance of the
test. By monitoring the variation in
power consumption during the test, the
test operator could determine whether it
is stable or unstable, and thereby
establish the required duration of the
sampling periods. For cyclic power
consumption, the Second Edition also
requires the use of the sampling
method. Thus, DOE proposes to require
in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix
I, sections 3.1.3.1 and 3.2.3 the use of
the sampling method in section 5.3.2 of
the Second Edition for standby mode
and off mode power measurements,
except as follows. In the narrow case of
microwave ovens with power
consumption that varies as a function of
the time displayed, DOE tentatively
concludes that the application of the
test methodology from the Second
Edition would cause manufacturers to
incur significant burden that would not
be warranted by any potential improved
accuracy of the test measurement. For
this reason, DOE is not proposing in this
supplemental notice to amend the
substance of the 10-minute test method
that is currently provided for these
products in the microwave oven test
procedure.
This supplemental notice is also
proposing to amend the reference in 10
CFR 430.3 to add a reference to IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition). DOE
is not proposing to delete the reference
to the First Edition in 10 CFR 430.3
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because the proposed amendments in
today’s supplemental notice would
continue to incorporate certain
provisions from it as well as from the
Second Edition.
DOE also notes that there are a
number of editorial changes necessary
in appendix I to allow for the correct
referencing to the Second Edition. For
example, the definition sections need to
define the IEC Standard 62301 as the
Second Edition instead of the First
Edition. Also, there are some section
numbering differences in the Second
Edition which impact the text of the
measurement provisions of the relevant
test procedures.
D. Definitions of ‘‘Active Mode,’’
‘‘Standby Mode,’’ and ‘‘Off Mode’’
In the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
DOE adopted a definition of ‘‘standby
mode’’ based on the definitions
provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS),
as follows:
• ‘‘Standby mode’’ is the condition in
which an energy-using product is
connected to a mains power source and
offers one or more of the following useroriented or protective functions which
may persist for an indefinite time:
• A remote switch (including remote
control), internal sensor, or timer to
facilitate the activation of other modes
(including activation or deactivation of
active mode);
• And continuous functions,
including information or status displays
(including clocks) or sensor-based
functions. 76 FR 12825, 12834 (Mar. 9,
2011).
DOE also adopted in its amendments
to the test procedure the clarification,
provided as a note accompanying the
definition of standby mode in IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS), that a timer is a
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continuous clock function (which may
or may not be associated with a display)
that provides regularly scheduled tasks
(e.g. switching) and that operates on a
continuous basis. Id.
DOE also adopted definitions of ‘‘off
mode’’ and ‘‘active mode’’ based on the
definitions provided in IEC Standard
62301 (FDIS), as follows:
• ‘‘Off mode’’ is the condition in
which an energy-using product is
connected to a mains power source and
is not providing any standby mode or
active mode function and where the
mode may persist for an indefinite time.
An indicator that only shows the user
that the product is in the off position is
included within the classification of off
mode. Id.
• ‘‘Active mode(s)’’ is the condition
in which an energy-using product is
connected to a mains power source and
at least one primary function is
activated. Id.
AHAM commented that it supported
DOE’s proposal to adopt definitions of
standby mode, off mode, and active
mode based on the definitions provided
in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS), except
that because the definitions in the FDIS
version are identical to those in the
published version of IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition), DOE should
cite the Second Edition rather than the
FDIS version. (AHAM, No. 31 at p. 4)
DOE notes that it did not incorporate by
reference the definitions of standby
mode, off mode, and active mode from
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) in the March
2011 Interim Final Rule, but instead
adopted definitions based on those
definitions. 76 FR 12825, 12836 (Mar. 9,
2011). DOE agrees that the definitions in
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) are identical
to the definitions in IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition). As a result, DOE does
not believe it is necessary to propose
amendments to the definitions of
standby mode, off mode, and active
mode in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix I, section 1, that were adopted
in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule
based on these comments because these
definitions have the same functional
equivalence to those in both IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) and IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition).
However, DOE proposes in today’s
SNOPR to make non-substantive
editorial changes to clarify for the reader
the description of the user-oriented or
protective functions associated with
standby mode operation in the
definition of standby mode in 10 CFR
part 430, subpart B, appendix I, section
1.13.
DOE noted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule that the definition of standby
mode states that it includes user-
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oriented or protective functions to
facilitate the activation of other modes
(including activation or deactivation of
active mode) by remote switch
(including remote control), internal
sensor, or timer. DOE stated that if the
product is consuming energy to power
an infrared sensor used to receive
signals from a remote control (while not
operating in the active mode), such a
function would be considered part of
standby mode, regardless of whether the
remote is classified as ‘‘one-way’’ or
‘‘two-way,’’ because of the function to
facilitate the deactivation of another
mode by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or
timer. However, if a ‘‘one-way’’ remote
control powers the product down,
including turning off any infrared
sensors to receive signals from a remote
control, then the product would be
operating in the off mode when it is
powered down, given that no other
standby mode functions within the
product are energized. 76 FR 12825,
12836 (Mar. 9, 2011).
AHAM commented that it does not
support including one-way remote
controls as a feature under the
definition of standby mode. AHAM
stated that although EPCA defines
standby mode to include activation by
remote control, one-way remotes do not
meet the intent of the statute. AHAM
stated that a standard remote, when it
powers a product ‘‘off’’ actually powers
the product down, not off, such that it
can be turned on again via remote
control, and this appropriately falls
under standby power. Conversely,
AHAM stated that a one-way remote
turns the product completely off,
including turning off any infrared
sensors to receive signals from a remote
control, such that it cannot be turned on
again through use of the remote. Thus,
a one-way remote, unlike a standard
remote, does not put the product into a
standby mode, but instead puts the
product into an off mode when it is
powered down, as long as no other
standby mode functions within the
product are energized. AHAM stated
that currently there are few, if any, oneway remotes in the United States, and
that including one-way remotes in the
off mode instead of in the standby mode
will encourage manufacturers to design
products with one-way remotes, which
could result in decreased energy use.
AHAM commented that DOE should
include such a clarification in the
definition of standby mode. (AHAM,
No. 31 at p. 4)
DOE notes that if a one-way remote
control powers the product down,
including turning off any infrared
sensors to receive signals from a remote
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72343
control, then such a remote control
sensor would not be facilitating the
activation of other modes (including
activation or deactivation of active
mode), as defined under standby mode.
DOE believes that the definition of
standby mode clearly excludes the
condition in which a one-way remote
control has powered down the product,
including turning off any infrared
sensors to receive signals from a remote
control, as long as the microwave oven
does not have any other standby mode
product functions energized. Under
those conditions, the microwave oven
would not be consuming any energy
related to standby mode, and would be
considered to be in off mode. As a
result, DOE is not proposing
amendments to the definition of standby
mode in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix I, section 1 to provide such a
clarification in today’s SNOPR.
E. Specifications for the Test Methods
and Measurements for Microwave Oven
Standby Mode and Off Mode Testing
As discussed above in section III.C,
for microwave ovens in which standby
mode power consumption varies as a
function of displayed time, DOE
adopted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule a requirement to set the
display time to 3:23 and allowing a 10minute stabilization period prior to a
10-minute measurement period from the
display time of 3:33 to 3:42 based on the
average power approach of section 5,
paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition). 76 FR 12825,
12838–40 (Mar. 9, 2011). The 10-minute
stabilization period was determined
based on DOE’s testing, which showed
that all microwave ovens in its test
sample dropped to the lower power
state in less than 10 minutes, DOE
stated that a requirement to set the
display time to 3:23 and allowing a 10minute stabilization period prior to a
10-minute measurement period would
best balance the need for reproducibility
of the test procedure with the burden
placed on manufacturers. Id. at 12839.
AHAM noted that it commented in
response to the July 2010 TP SNOPR
that the test procedure should require
that the clock be set to 3:33 minus the
number of minutes needed to return to
the lowest power consumption mode,
and that DOE responded in the March
2011 Interim Final Rule by stating that
AHAM’s proposal was not sufficiently
accurate or repeatable. AHAM
commented that it disagrees with DOE’s
response. AHAM stated its proposed
method provides for a more accurate
measurement because the length of time
to return to the lowest power
consumption mode after setting the
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clock will vary for each microwave oven
due to differences in product design.
AHAM stated that it is possible that
some products would not reach
stabilization in that 10-minute period,
and thus the 10-minute method would
no longer be an accurate measurement
for such products. AHAM added that
each manufacturer will be able to
determine the amount of time to
subtract with minimal additional test
burden (as, according to AHAM, all
models within a basic model will take
the same amount of time to return to the
lowest power consumption mode), and,
therefore, no stabilization time needs to
be specified. (AHAM, No. 31 at p. 5)
AHAM proposed that, as a way of
preventing anti-circumvention, DOE
should require manufacturers to certify
the number of minutes that the unit
waits before returning to the lowest
power consumption mode. AHAM
added that if DOE does require this
information, it should be treated as
confidential business information.
(AHAM, No. 31 at p. 5) Whirlpool
supported the comments made by
AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at p. 1)
DOE recognizes the merits of the
method suggested by AHAM by
allowing flexibility for a manufacturer
to shorten or lengthen the test cycle
depending on the design of their
microwave oven. However, as noted in
the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
DOE’s testing showed that all
microwave ovens in its test sample
dropped to the lower-power state in less
than 10 minutes. 76 FR 12825, 12839
(Mar. 9, 2011). DOE is unaware of any
technical basis for a stabilization period
longer than 10 minutes, and DOE
believes that including a defined
stabilization period will encourage
manufacturers to minimize the duration
of the stabilization period in their
products. DOE also believes that it is
important for the test procedure to be
repeatable and reproducible, and to
minimize burden. DOE notes that
independent testing laboratories may
not sufficiently understand the control
logic to determine the appropriate
number of minutes needed to return to
the lowest power consumption mode.
DOE also notes that a display may dim
after a certain period of time, but a
manufacturer may design a microwave
oven with other features or functions
that transition to a lower power
consumption mode after a different
amount of time that is not easily
discernible. As a result, different testing
laboratories may use different testing
times using such a method. DOE
believes that defining a specific
stabilization period will increase the
reproducibility of testing among
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laboratories. For these reasons, DOE is
not proposing amendments in 10 CFR
part 430, subpart B, appendix I, section
3.1.3.1 to set the time to 3:33 minus the
number of minutes needed to return to
the lowest power consumption mode for
microwave ovens in which standby
mode power consumption varies as a
function of displayed time.
F. Compliance With Other EPCA
Requirements
1. Test Burden
EPCA requires that test procedures
shall be reasonably designed to produce
test results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use, or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered
product during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. Test
procedures must also not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3))
In the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
DOE stated that the amendments it
adopted in the microwave oven test
procedure incorporate a test standard
that is accepted internationally for
measuring power consumption in
standby mode and off mode (IEC
Standard 62301). Based on DOE testing
and analysis of IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition), DOE determined that the
amendments to the microwave oven test
procedure produce standby mode and
off mode average power consumption
measurements that represent an average
use cycle both for cases in which the
measured power is stable, as well as for
when the measured power is unstable
(i.e., varies over a cycle). DOE also
stated that because the test methods and
equipment that the amendments would
require for measuring standby power in
microwave ovens do not differ
substantially from the test methods and
equipment required under the previous
test procedure, manufacturers would
not be required to make a major
investment in test facilities and new
equipment and would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. DOE also noted
that the number of units to be tested,
according to the sampling requirements
in 10 CFR 430.24(i), is reasonable and,
in part due to a shorter test duration
than previously proposed in the October
2008 TP NOPR, would not substantially
add to manufacturer test burden and
would allow manufacturers that
conduct quality assurance testing on the
production line to continue to do so. For
these reasons, DOE concluded in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule that the
amended test procedure would produce
test results that measure the power
consumption of a covered product
during a representative average use
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cycle as well as annual energy
consumption, and that the test
procedure would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. 76 FR 12825,
12840 (Mar. 9, 2011).
Today’s supplemental proposed
amendments to the DOE test procedures
are based on an updated version of IEC
Standard 62301, IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition), which has been the
subject of significant review and input
from interested parties and, thus,
continues to be an internationally
accepted test standard for measuring
standby mode and off mode power
consumption. As discussed in section
III.C of this notice, DOE believes that the
provisions of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) that it proposes to
incorporate by reference through today’s
SNOPR provide a means to measure
power consumption with greater
accuracy and repeatability than the
provisions from IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) that were adopted in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule. DOE
tentatively concludes that today’s
proposed amendments would also
provide measurements representative of
average consumer use of the product
under test, even if the test conditions
and procedures may not be identical to
average consumer use (for example,
specified display times). In particular,
DOE determined that the abbreviated
10-minute test period for those
microwave ovens with power
consumption varying according to the
time displayed on the clock, as
discussed in section III.C, has been
carefully designed and circumscribed in
order to attain an overall calculated
measurement of the energy
consumption during a representative 12hour use cycle. 76 FR 12825, 12838–40
(Mar. 9, 2011). DOE further believes that
the new provisions in the applicable
sections of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) improve test results without
undue testing burden. DOE
acknowledges that certain methods from
IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
may increase test duration somewhat,
but where such an increase was deemed
excessive (i.e., for products with clocks
that can vary in power consumption as
a function of time displayed), DOE
retained the method previously adopted
in order to mitigate test burden. DOE
also believes that the potential for
increased test burden in other power
consumption measurements is offset by
more reasonable requirements for
testing equipment, while maintaining
measurement accuracy deemed
acceptable and practical by voting
members for IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition). DOE also notes that,
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according to AHAM, harmonizing with
international test standards will reduce
testing burden on microwave oven
manufacturers that sell products
internationally by not requiring
multiple standby tests to be conducted
according to different testing methods in
different countries. Thus, DOE
tentatively concludes that the amended
test procedures newly proposed in
today’s SNOPR would produce test
results that measure the standby mode
and off mode power consumption
during representative use, and that the
test procedures would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct.
2. Certification Requirements
Sections 6299–6305 of EPCA
authorize DOE to enforce compliance
with the energy and water conservation
standards established for certain
consumer products. (42 U.S.C. 6299–
6305 (consumer products) On March 7,
2011, the Department revised,
consolidated, and streamlined its
existing certification, compliance, and
enforcement regulations for certain
consumer products and commercial and
industrial equipment covered under
EPCA, including microwave ovens. 76
FR 12422. These regulations are
codified in 10 CFR 429.23 (conventional
cooking tops, conventional ovens,
microwave ovens).
The certification requirements for
microwave ovens consist of a sampling
plan for selection of units for testing and
requirements for certification reports.
Because there are no existing energy
conservation standards for microwave
ovens, DOE is not proposing any
amendments to the certification
reporting requirements for these
products. However, because DOE
proposes in today’s SNOPR to introduce
new metrics (standby mode power
consumption (PSB) and off mode power
consumption (POFF)) for microwave
ovens, DOE additionally proposes
amended provisions in the sampling
plan in 10 CFR 429.23(a)(2)(i) that
would include PSB and POFF.
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IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
DOE has concluded that the
determinations made pursuant to the
various procedural requirements
applicable to the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule remain unchanged for this
SNOPR. These determinations are set
forth in the March 2011 Interim Final
Rule. 76 FR 12825, 12840–42 (Mar. 9,
2011).
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V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and
information regarding this proposed
rule before or after the public meeting,
but no later than the date provided in
the DATES section at the beginning of
this proposed rule. Interested parties
may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES
section at the beginning of this notice.
Submitting comments via
regulations.gov. The regulations.gov
web page will require you to provide
your name and contact information.
Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first
and last names, organization name (if
any), and submitter representative name
(if any). If your comment is not
processed properly because of technical
difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, DOE may not be
able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information
will be publicly viewable if you include
it in the comment or in any documents
attached to your comment. Any
information that you do not want to be
publicly viewable should not be
included in your comment, nor in any
document attached to your comment.
Do not submit to regulations.gov
information for which disclosure is
restricted by statute, such as trade
secrets and commercial or financial
information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information
(CBI)). Comments submitted through
regulations.gov cannot be claimed as
CBI. Comments received through the
Web site will waive any CBI claims for
the information submitted. For
information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information
section below.
DOE processes submissions made
through regulations.gov before posting.
Normally, comments will be posted
within a few days of being submitted.
However, if large volumes of comments
are being processed simultaneously,
your comment may not be viewable for
up to several weeks. Please keep the
comment tracking number that
regulations.gov provides after you have
successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email, hand
delivery, or mail. Comments and
documents submitted via email, hand
delivery, or mail also will be posted to
regulations.gov. If you do not want your
personal contact information to be
publicly viewable, do not include it in
your comment or any accompanying
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documents. Instead, provide your
contact information on a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as
long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time
you submit comments, data, documents,
and other information to DOE. If you
submit via mail or hand delivery, please
provide all items on a CD, if feasible. It
is not necessary to submit printed
copies. No facsimiles (faxes) will be
accepted.
Comments, data, and other
information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file
format. Provide documents that are not
secured, written in English and are free
of any defects or viruses. Documents
should not contain special characters or
any form of encryption and, if possible,
they should carry the electronic
signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit
campaign form letters by the originating
organization in batches of between 50 to
500 form letters per PDF or as one form
letter with a list of supporters’ names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This
reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information.
According to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he
or she believes to be confidential and
exempt by law from public disclosure
should submit via email, postal mail, or
hand delivery two well-marked copies:
one copy of the document marked
confidential including all the
information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked
non-confidential with the information
believed to be confidential deleted.
Submit these documents via email or on
a CD, if feasible. DOE will make its own
determination about the confidential
status of the information and treat it
according to its determination.
Factors of interest to DOE when
evaluating requests to treat submitted
information as confidential include: (1)
A description of the items; (2) whether
and why such items are customarily
treated as confidential within the
industry; (3) whether the information is
generally known by or available from
other sources; (4) whether the
information has previously been made
available to others without obligation
concerning its confidentiality; (5) an
explanation of the competitive injury to
the submitting person which would
result from public disclosure; (6) when
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VI. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
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such information might lose its
confidential character due to the
passage of time; and (7) why disclosure
of the information would be contrary to
the public interest.
It is DOE’s policy that all comments
may be included in the public docket,
without change and as received,
including any personal information
provided in the comments (except
information deemed to be exempt from
public disclosure).
10 CFR Part 430
Although DOE welcomes comments
on any aspect of this proposal, DOE is
particularly interested in receiving
comments and views of interested
parties concerning the following issues:
1. Incorporation of IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition). DOE invites
comment on the adequacy of IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition) to
measure standby mode and off mode
power consumption for microwave
ovens, and the suitability of
incorporating into DOE regulations the
following specific provisions from IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition):
Section 4 (‘‘General conditions for
measurements’’), paragraph 4.2, ‘‘Test
room,’’ paragraph 4.3.2, ‘‘Supply voltage
waveform,’’ and paragraph 4.4, ‘‘Power
measuring instruments,’’ and section 5
(‘‘Measurements’’), paragraph 5.1,
‘‘General,’’ paragraph 5.2 ‘‘Preparation
of product’’, and paragraph 5.3.2,
‘‘Sampling method.’’ (See section III.C)
2. Measurement of Total Harmonic
Distortion. DOE invites comment on the
acceptability of measuring the total
harmonic content, crest factor, and
maximum current ratio before and after
the actual test measurement if the power
measuring instrument is unable to
perform these measurements during the
actual test measurement. (See section
III.C)
3. Methods Based on IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) for Microwave
Ovens with Clocks. DOE welcomes
comment on its determination that the
provisions of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) would cause
manufacturers to incur significant test
burden for microwave ovens with power
consumption that varies as a function of
the time displayed, and the continued
proposal of a 10-minute test method of
measuring standby mode power for
these products in the microwave oven
test procedure. (See section III.C)
4. Test Burden. DOE seeks comment
on its analysis of the test burden
associated with standby mode and off
mode testing as proposed in today’s
SNOPR. (See sections III.C and III.F.1)
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The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this supplemental notice
of proposed rule.
10 CFR Part 429
Energy conservation, Household
appliances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental Relations, Small
businesses.
Issued in Washington, DC, on November
17, 2011.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE proposes to amend parts
429 and 430 of title 10 of the Code of
Federal Regulations, as set forth below:
PART 429—CERTIFICATION,
COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317.
2. Section 429.23 is amended by
revising paragraph (a)(2)(i) introductory
text to read as follows:
§ 429.23 Conventional cooking tops,
conventional ovens, microwave ovens.
(a) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) Any represented value of estimated
annual operating cost, energy
consumption, standby mode power
consumption, off mode power
consumption, or other measure of
energy consumption of a basic model for
which consumers would favor lower
values shall be greater than or equal to
the higher of:
*
*
*
*
*
PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION
PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
3. The authority citation for part 430
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
Frm 00016
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§ 430.2
Definitions.
*
List of Subjects
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4. Section 430.2 is amended by
adding the definition for ‘‘Combination
oven’’ in alphabetical order to read as
follows:
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*
*
*
*
Combination oven means a
microwave oven that incorporates
convection features and possibly other
means of cooking.
*
*
*
*
*
5. Section 430.3 is amended by
adding paragraph (l)(2) to read as
follows:
§ 430.3 Materials incorporated by
reference.
*
*
*
*
*
(l) * * *
(2) IEC Standard 62301 (‘‘IEC 62301’’),
Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power (Edition
2.0, 2011–01), IBR approved for
Appendix I.
*
*
*
*
*
6. Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430
is amended:
a. By revising the note after the
heading;
b. By revising section 1. Definitions;
c. In section 2. Test Conditions, by
revising sections 2.1.3, 2.2.1.2, 2.5.2,
2.6, and 2.9.1.3; and
d. In section 3. Test Methods and
Measurements, by revising sections
3.1.1, 3.1.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, and 3.2.3.
The revisions read as follows:
Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Conventional
Ranges, Conventional Cooking Tops,
Conventional Ovens, and Microwave
Ovens
Note: The procedures and calculations in
this Appendix need not be performed to
determine compliance with energy
conservation standards for conventional
ranges, conventional cooking tops,
conventional ovens, and microwave ovens at
this time. However, any representation
related to standby mode and off mode energy
consumption of these products made after
[date 180 days after date of publication of the
test procedure final rule in the Federal
Register] must be based upon results
generated under this test procedure,
consistent with the requirements of 42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(2). After July 1, 2010, however, when
DOE adopts an energy conservation standard
that incorporates standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, and upon the
compliance date for such standards,
compliance with the applicable provisions of
this test procedure will also be required.
Future revisions may add relevant provisions
for measuring active mode in microwave
ovens.
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1. Definitions
1.1 Active mode means a mode in which
a conventional cooking top, conventional
oven, conventional range, or microwave oven
is connected to a mains power source, has
been activated, and is performing the main
function of producing heat by means of a gas
flame, electric resistance heating, or
microwave energy. Delay start mode is a one
off user-initiated short duration function that
is associated with an active mode.
1.2 Built-in means the product is
supported by surrounding cabinetry, walls,
or other similar structures.
1.3 Drop-in means the product is
supported by horizontal surface cabinetry.
1.4 Forced convection means a mode of
conventional oven operation in which a fan
is used to circulate the heated air within the
oven compartment during cooking.
1.5 Freestanding means the product is not
supported by surrounding cabinetry, walls,
or other similar structures.
1.6 IEC 62301 First Edition refers to the
test standard published by the International
Electrotechnical Commission, titled
‘‘Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,’’ Publication
62301 (first edition June 2005) (incorporated
by reference, see § 430.3).
1.7 IEC 62301 Second Edition refers to
the test standard published by the
International Electrotechnical Commission,
titled ‘‘Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,’’ Publication
62301 Edition 2.0 2011–01 (incorporated by
reference, see § 430.3).
1.8 Normal nonoperating temperature
means the temperature of all areas of an
appliance to be tested are within 5 °F (2.8 °C)
of the temperature that the identical areas of
the same basic model of the appliance would
attain if it remained in the test room for 24
hours while not operating with all oven
doors closed and with any gas pilot lights on
and adjusted in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
1.9 Off mode means a mode in which a
conventional cooking top, conventional oven,
conventional range, or microwave oven is
connected to a mains power source and is not
providing any active mode or standby mode
function and where the mode may persist for
an indefinite time. An indicator that only
shows the user that the product is in the off
position is included within the classification
of an off mode.
1.10 Primary energy consumption means
either the electrical energy consumption of a
conventional electric oven or the gas energy
consumption of a conventional gas oven.
1.11 Secondary energy consumption
means any electrical energy consumption,
other than clock energy consumption, of a
conventional gas oven.
1.12 Standard cubic foot (or liter (L)) of
gas means that quantity of gas that occupies
1 cubic foot (or alternatively expressed in L)
when saturated with water vapor at a
temperature of 60 °F (15.6 °C) and a pressure
of 30 inches of mercury (101.6 kPa) (density
of mercury equals 13.595 grams per cubic
centimeter).
1.13 Standby mode means any mode in
which a conventional cooking top,
conventional oven, conventional range, or
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microwave oven is connected to a mains
power source and offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective
functions which may persist for an indefinite
time: (a) Facilitation of the activation of other
modes (including activation or deactivation
of active mode) by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer; (b)
provision of continuous functions, including
information or status displays (including
clocks) or sensor-based functions. A timer is
a continuous clock function (which may or
may not be associated with a display) that
allows for regularly scheduled tasks and that
operates on a continuous basis.
1.14 Thermocouple means a device
consisting of two dissimilar metals which are
joined together and, with their associated
wires, are used to measure temperature by
means of electromotive force.
1.15 Symbol usage. The following
identity relationships are provided to help
clarify the symbology used throughout this
procedure.
A—Number of Hours in a Year
B—Number of Hours Pilot Light Contributes
to Cooking
C—Specific Heat
E—Energy Consumed
Eff—Cooking Efficiency
H—Heating Value of Gas
K—Conversion for Watt-hours to Kilowatthours
Ke—3.412 Btu/Wh, Conversion for Watthours to Btu’s
M—Mass
n—Number of Units
O—Annual Useful Cooking Energy Output
P—Power
Q—Gas Flow Rate
R—Energy Factor, Ratio of Useful Cooking
Energy Output to Total Energy Input
S—Number of Self-Cleaning Operations per
Year
T—Temperature
t—Time
V—Volume of Gas Consumed
W—Weight of Test Block
2. Test Conditions
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.2.1 Electrical supply.
2.2.1.1 Voltage. Maintain the electrical
supply to the conventional range,
conventional cooking top, and conventional
oven being tested at 240/120 volts except that
basic models rated only at 208/120 volts shall
be tested at that rating. Maintain the voltage
within 2 percent of the above specified
voltages. For microwave oven testing,
maintain the electrical supply to the
microwave oven at 240/120 volts and 60
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hertz. For conventional range, conventional
cooking top, and conventional oven standby
mode and off mode testing, maintain the
electrical supply frequency at 60 hertz ± 1
percent. Maintain the electrical supply for
microwave oven testing within 1 percent of
the specified voltage and frequency.
2.2.1.2 Supply voltage waveform. For the
standby mode and off mode testing, maintain
the electrical supply voltage waveform as
indicated in Section 4, Paragraph 4.3.2 of IEC
62301 (Second Edition) (incorporated by
reference; see § 430.3). If the power
measuring instrument used for testing is
unable to measure and record the total
harmonic content during the test
measurement period, it is acceptable to
measure and record the total harmonic
content immediately before and after the test
measurement period.
*
*
*
*
*
2.5 Ambient room air temperature.
2.5.1 Active mode ambient room air
temperature. During the active mode test,
maintain an ambient room air temperature,
TR, of 77° ± 9 °F (25° ± 5 °C) for conventional
ovens and cooking tops, as measured at least
5 feet (1.5 m) and not more than 8 feet (2.4
m) from the nearest surface of the unit under
test and approximately 3 feet (0.9 m) above
the floor. The temperature shall be measured
with a thermometer or temperature
indicating system with an accuracy as
specified in section 2.9.3.1.
2.5.2 Standby mode and off mode
ambient temperature. For standby mode and
off mode testing, maintain room ambient air
temperature conditions as specified in
Section 4, Paragraph 4.2 of IEC 62301
(Second Edition) (incorporated by reference;
see § 430.3).
2.6 Normal nonoperating temperature.
All areas of the appliance to be tested shall
attain the normal nonoperating temperature,
as defined in section 1.8, before any testing
begins. The equipment for measuring the
applicable normal nonoperating temperature
shall be as described in sections 2.9.3.1,
2.9.3.2, 2.9.3.3, and 2.9.3.4, as applicable.
*
*
2.1.3 Microwave ovens. Install the
microwave oven in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and connect to
an electrical supply circuit with voltage as
specified in section 2.2.1. The microwave
oven shall also be installed in accordance
with Section 5, Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301
(Second Edition) (incorporated by reference;
see § 430.3), disregarding the provisions
regarding batteries and the determination,
classification, and testing of relevant modes.
A watt meter shall be installed in the circuit
and shall be as described in section 2.9.1.3.
72347
*
*
*
*
2.9.1.3 Standby mode and off mode watt
meter. The watt meter used to measure
standby mode and off mode shall meet the
requirements specified in Section 4,
Paragraph 4.4 of IEC 62301 (Second Edition)
(incorporated by reference; see § 430.3). If the
power measuring instrument used for testing
is unable to measure and record the crest
factor, power factor, or maximum current
ratio during the test measurement period, it
is acceptable to measure the crest factor,
power factor, and maximum current ratio
immediately before and after the test
measurement period.
*
*
*
*
*
3. Test Methods and Measurements
3.1 Test methods.
3.1.1 Conventional oven. Perform a test
by establishing the testing conditions set
forth in section 2, ‘‘TEST CONDITIONS,’’ of
this Appendix, and adjust any pilot lights of
a conventional gas oven in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions and turn off
the gas flow to the conventional cooking top,
E:\FR\FM\23NOP1.SGM
23NOP1
72348
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 226 / Wednesday, November 23, 2011 / Proposed Rules
if so equipped. Before beginning the test, the
conventional oven shall be at its normal
nonoperating temperature as defined in
section 1.8 and described in section 2.6. Set
the conventional oven test block W1
approximately in the center of the usable
baking space. If there is a selector switch for
selecting the mode of operation of the oven,
set it for normal baking. If an oven permits
baking by either forced convection by using
a fan, or without forced convection, the oven
is to be tested in each of those two modes.
The oven shall remain on for at least one
complete thermostat ‘‘cut-off/cut-on’’ of the
electrical resistance heaters or gas burners
after the test block temperature has increased
234 °F (130 °C) above its initial temperature.
3.1.1.1 Self-cleaning operation of a
conventional oven. Establish the test
conditions set forth in section 2, ‘‘TEST
CONDITIONS,’’ of this Appendix. Adjust any
pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in
accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions and turn off the gas flow to the
conventional cooking top. The temperature of
the conventional oven shall be its normal
nonoperating temperature as defined in
section 1.8 and described in section 2.6.
Then set the conventional oven’s selfcleaning process in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. If the selfcleaning process is adjustable, use the
average time recommended by the
manufacturer for a moderately soiled oven.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.2 Conventional cooking top. Establish
the test conditions set forth in section 2,
‘‘TEST CONDITIONS,’’ of this Appendix.
Adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas
cooking top in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and turn off the
gas flow to the conventional oven(s), if so
equipped. The temperature of the
conventional cooking top shall be its normal
nonoperating temperature as defined in
section 1.8 and described in section 2.6. Set
the test block in the center of the surface unit
under test. The small test block, W2, shall be
used on electric surface units of 7 inches (178
mm) or less in diameter. The large test block,
W3, shall be used on electric surface units
over 7 inches (177.8 mm) in diameter and on
all gas surface units. Turn on the surface unit
under test and set its energy input rate to the
maximum setting. When the test block
reaches 144 °F (80 °C) above its initial test
block temperature, immediately reduce the
energy input rate to 25 ± 5 percent of the
maximum energy input rate. After 15 ± 0.1
minutes at the reduced energy setting, turn
off the surface unit under test.
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.3 Microwave oven.
3.1.3.1 Microwave oven test standby
mode and off mode power. Establish the
testing conditions set forth in section 2,
‘‘TEST CONDITIONS,’’ of this Appendix. For
microwave ovens that drop from a higher
power state to a lower power state as
discussed in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1, Note
1 of IEC 62301 (Second Edition)
(incorporated by reference; see § 430.3),
allow sufficient time for the microwave oven
to reach the lower power state before
proceeding with the test measurement.
Follow the test procedure as specified in
VerDate Mar<15>2010
17:29 Nov 22, 2011
Jkt 226001
Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2 of IEC 62301
(Second Edition). For units in which power
varies as a function of displayed time in
standby mode, set the clock time to 3:23 and
use the average power approach described in
Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301
(First Edition), but with a single test period
of 10 minutes +0/¥2 sec after an additional
stabilization period until the clock time
reaches 3:33. If a microwave oven is capable
of operation in either standby mode or off
mode, as defined in sections 1.13 and 1.9,
respectively, or both, test the microwave
oven in each mode in which it can operate.
*
*
*
*
*
3.2.3 Microwave oven test standby mode
and off mode power. Make measurements as
specified in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC
62301 (Second Edition) (incorporated by
reference; see § 430.3). If the microwave oven
is capable of operating in standby mode,
measure the average standby mode power of
the microwave oven, PSB, in watts as
specified in section 3.1.3.1. If the microwave
oven is capable of operating in off mode,
measure the average off mode power of the
microwave oven, POFF, as specified in section
3.1.3.1.
*
*
*
*
*
3.3.13 Record the average standby mode
power, PSB, for the microwave oven standby
mode, as determined in section 3.2.3 for a
microwave oven capable of operating in
standby mode. Record the average off mode
power, POFF, for the microwave oven off
mode power test, as determined in section
3.2.3 for a microwave oven capable of
operating in off mode.
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 2011–30234 Filed 11–22–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2011–1176; Directorate
Identifier 2011–NE–35–AD]
RIN 2120–AA64
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
(NPRM).
AGENCY:
We propose to adopt a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for Pratt &
Whitney JT9D–7R4D, –7R4D1, –7R4E,
–7R4E1, –7R4G2, –7R4H1, and –7R4E4
turbofan engines. This proposed AD
would establish a new lower life limit
for high-pressure turbine (HPT) 1st stage
air seals, part number (P/N) 735907, and
would require removing them from
service using a drawdown schedule.
This proposed AD was prompted by the
SUMMARY:
Frm 00018
Fmt 4702
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD docket on
the Internet at https://
www.regulations.gov; or in person at the
Docket Management Facility between
9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD
docket contains this proposed AD, the
regulatory evaluation, any comments
received, and other information. The
street address for the Docket Office
(phone: (800) 647–5527) is in the
ADDRESSES section. Comments will be
available in the AD docket shortly after
receipt.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Stephen Sheely, Aerospace Engineer,
Engine & Propeller Directorate, FAA, 12
New England Executive Park,
Burlington, MA 01803; phone: (781)
238–7750; fax: (781) 238–7199; email:
stephen.k.sheely@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Airworthiness Directives; Pratt &
Whitney Turbofan Engines
PO 00000
determination that a new lower life
limit for the HPT 1st stage air seals,
P/N 735907, is necessary. We are
proposing this AD to prevent critical
life-limited rotating engine part failure
and damage to the airplane.
DATES: We must receive comments on
this proposed AD by January 23, 2012.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments,
using the procedures found in 14 CFR
11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following
methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• Fax: (202) 493–2251.
• Mail: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Docket Operations,
M–30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.
• Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail
address above between 9 a.m. and
5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except
Federal holidays.
Sfmt 4702
Comments Invited
We invite you to send any written
relevant data, views, or arguments about
this proposal. Send your comments to
an address listed under the ADDRESSES
section. Include ‘‘Docket No. FAA–
2011–1176; Directorate Identifier 2011–
NE–35–AD’’ at the beginning of your
comments. We specifically invite
comments on the overall regulatory,
economic, environmental, and energy
aspects of this proposed AD. We will
consider all comments received by the
closing date and may amend this
proposed AD because of those
comments.
We will post all comments we
receive, without change, to https://
E:\FR\FM\23NOP1.SGM
23NOP1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 226 (Wednesday, November 23, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 72332-72348]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-30234]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[Docket No. EERE-2008-BT-TP-0011]
RIN 1904-AB78
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Microwave Ovens
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) published an interim final
rule on March 9, 2011, amending its test procedures for microwave ovens
under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) to provide for the
measurement of standby mode and off mode power use by microwave ovens.
Those amendments incorporated into the DOE test procedure provisions
from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard
62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby
power,'' First Edition 2005-06 (IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition)). In
addition, those amendments adopted in the DOE test procedure
definitions of modes based on the relevant provisions from the IEC
Standard 62301 Second Edition, Final Draft International Standard (IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS)), as well as language to clarify application of
these provisions for measuring standby mode and off mode power
consumption in microwave ovens. Just prior to publication of the
interim final rule, the IEC replaced the First Edition of this standard
with the current Second Edition. This supplemental notice of proposed
rulemaking proposes to incorporate the latest edition of IEC Standard
62301.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR) submitted no later
than December 23, 2011. See section V, ``Public Participation,'' for
details.
ADDRESSES: Any comments submitted must identify the SNOPR on Test
Procedures for Microwave Ovens, and provide docket number EERE-2008-BT-
TP-0011 and/or regulatory information number (RIN) 1904-AB78. Comments
may be submitted using any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: MicroOven-2008-TP-0011@ee.doe.gov. Include docket number
EERE-2008-BT-TP-0011 and/or RIN 1904-AB78 in the subject line of the
message.
3. Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20585-0121. If possible, please submit all items on a
compact disc (CD), in which case it is not necessary to include printed
copies.
4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of
Energy, Building Technologies Program, 6th Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza
SW., Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. If possible,
please submit all items on a CD, in which case it is not necessary to
include printed copies.
For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process, see section V of this document
(Public Participation).
Docket: The docket is available for review at https://www.regulations.gov, including Federal Register notices, framework
documents, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and
other supporting documents/materials. All documents in the docket are
listed in the https://www.regulations.gov index. However, not all
documents listed in the index may be publicly available, such as
information that is exempt from public disclosure.
[[Page 72333]]
A link to the docket web page can be found at: https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;rpp=10;po=0;D=EERE-2008-BT-TP-0011.
This web page contains a link to the docket for this notice on the
https://www.regulations.gov site. The https://www.regulations.gov web
page contains simple instructions on how to access all documents,
including public comments, in the docket. See section V for information
on how to submit comments through https://www.regulations.gov.
For further information on how to submit a comment or review other
public comments and the docket, contact Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202)
586-2945 or email: Brenda.Edwards@ee.doe.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Wes Anderson, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Tel.: (202) 586-
7335. Email: Wes.Anderson@ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Ari Altman, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-71, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Tel.: (202) 287-6307, Email: Ari.Altman@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Background and Legal Authority
II. Summary of the Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Products Covered by This Test Procedure Rulemaking
B. Effective Date for the Test Procedure and Date on Which Use
of the Test Procedure Would Be Required
C. Incorporation of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
1. Stable Power Consumption
2. Unstable, Non-Cyclic Power Consumption
3. Cyclic Power Consumption
4. Product Testing
5. Conclusions on Test Methodology
D. Definitions of ``Active Mode,'' ``Standby Mode,'' and ``Off
Mode''
E. Specifications for the Test Methods and Measurements for
Microwave Oven Standby Mode and Off Mode Testing
F. Compliance With Other EPCA Requirements
1. Test Burden
2. Certification Requirements
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Background and Legal Authority
Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6291
et seq.; ``EPCA'' or, ``the Act'') sets forth a variety of provisions
designed to improve energy efficiency. (All references to EPCA refer to
the statute as amended through the Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007 (EISA 2007), Pub. L. 110-140 (Dec. 19, 2007)). Part B of title
III, which for editorial reasons was redesignated as Part A upon
incorporation into the U.S. Code (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309), establishes the
``Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other Than
Automobiles,'' including microwave ovens, the subject of today's
notice. (42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2) and 6292(a)(10))
Under EPCA, this program consists essentially of four parts: (1)
Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation standards, and
(4) certification and enforcement procedures. The testing requirements
consist of test procedures that manufacturers of covered products must
use (1) as the basis for certifying to DOE that their products comply
with the applicable energy conservation standards adopted under EPCA,
and (2) for making representations about the efficiency of those
products. Similarly, DOE must use these test requirements to determine
whether the products comply with any relevant standards promulgated
under EPCA.
General Test Procedure Rulemaking Process
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA provides in relevant part that any test
procedures prescribed or amended under this section shall be reasonably
designed to produce test results which measure energy efficiency,
energy use or estimated annual operating cost of a covered product
during a representative average use cycle or period of use and shall
not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is
warranted, it must publish proposed test procedures and offer the
public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on them. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) Finally, in any rulemaking to amend a test
procedure, DOE must determine to what extent, if any, the proposed test
procedure would alter the measured energy efficiency of any covered
product as determined under the existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C.
6293(e)(1)) If DOE determines that the amended test procedure would
alter the measured efficiency of a covered product, DOE must amend the
applicable energy conservation standard accordingly. (42 U.S.C.
6293(e)(2))
The EISA 2007 amendments to EPCA, in relevant part, require DOE to
amend the test procedures for all residential covered products to
include measures of standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
Specifically, section 310 of EISA 2007 provides definitions of
``standby mode'' and ``off mode'' (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)) and
permits DOE to amend these definitions in the context of a given
product (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(B)). The statute requires integration of
such energy consumption ``into the overall energy efficiency, energy
consumption, or other energy descriptor for each covered product,
unless the Secretary determines that--
(i) The current test procedures for a covered product already fully
account for and incorporate the standby mode and off mode energy
consumption of the covered product; or
(ii) Such an integrated test procedure is technically infeasible
for a particular covered product, in which case the Secretary shall
prescribe a separate standby mode and off mode energy use test
procedure for the covered product, if technically feasible.'' (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
Under the statutory provisions adopted by EISA 2007, any such
amendment must consider the most current versions of IEC Standard
62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby
power,'' and IEC Standard 62087, ``Methods of measurement for the power
consumption of audio, video, and related equipment.'' \1\ Id. At the
time of the enactment of EISA 2007, the most current versions of these
standards were IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition 2005-06) and IEC
Standard 62087 (Second Edition 2008-09).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ EISA 2007 directs DOE to also consider IEC Standard 62087
when amending its test procedures to include standby mode and off
mode energy consumption. See 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A). However, IEC
Standard 62087 addresses the methods of measuring the power
consumption of audio, video, and related equipment. Accordingly, the
narrow scope of this particular IEC standard reduces its relevance
to today's proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE Test Procedure at Appendix I
Historically, DOE's active mode test procedure for microwave ovens
appeared at appendix I to subpart B of Title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR).\2\ That test procedure
[[Page 72334]]
was part of an October 3, 1997 final rule that also revised the test
procedures for other cooking products to measure their efficiency and
energy use more accurately. 62 FR 51976. That final rule incorporated
portions of IEC Standard 705-1998 and Amendment 2-1993, ``Methods for
Measuring the Performance of Microwave Ovens for Households and Similar
Purposes'' to measure microwave oven cooking efficiency, but did not
address energy use in the standby or off modes. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ In a final rule published on April 8, 2009 (74 FR 16040),
DOE found that no active mode cooking efficiency standards were
justified for electric cooking products, including microwave ovens.
This rulemaking completed the second cycle of rulemakings required
by the NAECA amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(2)) In its
analysis for the second cycle of rulemakings, DOE determined that
the microwave oven test procedure provisions to measure cooking
efficiency do not produce accurate and repeatable test results. DOE
was unaware of any test procedures that had been developed that
addressed the concerns with the DOE microwave oven cooking
efficiency test procedure. DOE, therefore, repealed the regulatory
provisions establishing the active mode cooking efficiency test
procedure for microwave ovens under EPCA in a final rule published
on July 22, 2010 (the July 2010 TP Final Rule). 75 FR 42579. DOE
also published a notice of a public meeting to discuss a separate
rulemaking process to replace the repealed provisions for measuring
microwave oven energy efficiency in active mode on July 22, 2010. 75
FR 42611.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) on October 17,
2008 (hereafter referred to as the October 2008 TP NOPR), in which it
proposed incorporating provisions from IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition) into the DOE active mode test procedure, as well as language
to clarify application of these provisions for measuring standby mode
and off mode power in microwave ovens. 73 FR 62134. DOE held a public
meeting on November 14, 2008 (hereafter referred to as the November
2008 public meeting) to hear oral comments on and solicit information
relevant to the October 2008 TP NOPR. Interested parties remarked upon,
among other things, harmonization of standards and test procedures with
those of other countries and international agencies. In particular
commenters urged DOE to consider IEC Standard 62301, ``Household
electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power,'' Edition 2.0
2011-01 (IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) or ``Second Edition''),
which was in the process of being drafted.
EPCA requires DOE to consider the most recent version of IEC
Standard 62301. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) After the October 2008 TP
NOPR was published, DOE determined that it would consider the revised
version of IEC Standard 62301, (i.e., IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition)), in the microwave oven test procedure rulemaking. DOE
anticipated, based on review of drafts of the updated IEC Standard
62301, that the revisions could include different mode definitions. The
revised version was expected in July 2009. IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) was not published, however, until January 27, 2011.
Because the EISA 2007 amendments to EPCA required DOE to establish
test procedures for standby mode and off mode by March 31, 2011, and
because DOE is conducting a concurrent energy conservation standards
rulemaking for standby and off mode energy use, discussed below, DOE
published a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR) on July
22, 2010 (hereafter referred to as the July 2010 TP SNOPR) proposing
mode definitions based on those in the then current draft version of
IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition), designated as IEC Standard 62301
Second Edition, Committee Draft for Vote (IEC Standard 62301 (CDV)). 75
FR 42612, 42620-23 (July 22, 2010). DOE noted in the July 2010 TP SNOPR
that IEC Standard 62301 (CDV) contained proposed amendments to IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition), including new mode definitions based on
those proposed in IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition), Committee Draft
2 (IEC Standard 62301 (CD2)) \3\ and which addressed comments received
by interested parties in response to IEC Standard 62301 (CD2). As a
result of this continued refinement on the basis of public comment, DOE
stated that it believed that those most recent mode definitions
represented the best definitions available for the analysis in support
of this rulemaking. 75 FR 42612, 42621.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ IEC Standard 62301 (CD2) was the draft version immediately
preceding IEC Standard 62301 (CDV).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE held a public meeting on September 16, 2010 (hereafter referred
to as the September 2010 public meeting), to hear oral comments on and
solicit information relevant to the July 2010 TP SNOPR. Interested
parties remarked upon, among other things, covered products,
incorporation of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition), mode definitions,
and testing procedures. On October 29, 2010, the IEC released a
finalized draft version of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition), IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS).
On March 9, 2011, DOE published an interim final rule (hereafter
referred to as the March 2011 Interim Final Rule) amending the test
procedures for microwave ovens. 76 FR 12825. The March 2011 Interim
Final Rule incorporated by reference specific clauses from IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) regarding test conditions and testing procedures
for measuring the average standby mode and average off mode power
consumption into the microwave oven test procedure. DOE also
incorporated into the microwave oven test procedure definitions of
``active mode,'' ``standby mode,'' and ``off mode'' based on the
definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS). DOE further adopted
language to clarify the application of clauses from IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) for measuring standby mode and off mode power in the
interim final rule. Specifically, DOE defined the test duration for
cases in which the measured power is not stable (i.e., varies over a
cycle), recognizing that the power consumption of microwave oven
displays can vary based on the displayed clock time. 76 FR 12825,
12828.
The amendments adopted in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule became
effective on April 8, 2011. However, DOE noted that in order to ensure
that the amended test procedure adequately addresses the EISA 2007
requirement to consider the most recent version of IEC Standard 62301,
and recognizing that the IEC issued IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
in January of 2011, DOE issued the microwave oven test procedure as an
interim final rule and offered an additional 180-day comment period to
consider whether any changes should be made to the interim final rule
in light of publication of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition). DOE
stated that it would consider these comments and, to the extent
necessary, publish a final rulemaking incorporating any changes. 76 FR
12825, 12830-31. In response to the March 2011 Interim Final Rule,
interested parties commented, among other things, that DOE should
incorporate by reference IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) for
optimal international harmonization, to give clarity and consistency to
the regulated community and to decrease the testing burden.
As stated above, DOE is considering amended microwave oven energy
conservation standards addressing standby and off mode energy use
concurrently with the test procedure rulemaking process. The National
Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA; Pub. L. 100-12),
which amended EPCA, established prescriptive standards for kitchen
ranges and ovens, but no standards were established for microwave
ovens. (42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(1)) The NAECA amendments also required DOE to
conduct two cycles of rulemakings to determine whether to revise the
standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(2)) DOE undertook the first cycle of these
rulemakings and issued a
[[Page 72335]]
final rule on September 8, 1998 (63 FR 48038), in which DOE found that
no amended standards were justified for electric cooking products,
including microwave ovens.
DOE initiated the second cycle of energy conservation standards
rulemakings for cooking products by publishing a framework document
covering, in part, microwave ovens, and giving notice of a public
meeting and the availability of the framework document. 71 FR 15059
(March 27, 2006). On November 15, 2007, DOE published an advance notice
of proposed rulemaking (ANOPR) (72 FR 64432) (hereafter the November
2007 ANOPR) concerning energy conservation standards for commercial
clothes washers and residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and cooking
products, including microwave ovens (collectively, appliance
standards). In the November 2007 ANOPR, DOE determined that energy
consumption by microwave ovens in the standby mode represents a
significant portion of microwave oven energy use, and that a standard
regulating such energy consumption would likely have significant energy
savings. 72 FR 64432, 64441-42. Before standby power could be included
in an efficiency standard for microwave ovens, however, test procedures
for the measurement of standby power would be required. Id.
On December 13, 2007, DOE held a public meeting to receive comments
on the November 2007 ANOPR (hereafter referred to as the December 2007
public meeting). At the December 2007 public meeting, DOE presented the
possibility that test standard IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) could
be incorporated by reference into DOE's microwave oven test procedure
to measure standby power. DOE also discussed clarifications to the IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) test conditions, including a requirement
that, if the measured power were not stable, the standby mode power
test would be run for a period of 12 hours with an initial clock
setting of 12 a.m. This would permit more accurate measurement of
average standby power consumption.
DOE published a NOPR for the appliance standards rulemaking on
October 17, 2008, in which it tentatively concluded that a standard for
microwave oven standby mode and off mode energy consumption would be
technologically feasible and economically justified. 73 FR 62034. DOE
received responses to the NOPR from interested parties regarding the
harmonization of standards and test procedures with those of other
countries and international agencies. As a result of these comments,
DOE decided to consider the revised version of IEC Standard 62301
(i.e., IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)) in the development of
energy conservation standards for the standby mode and off mode power
consumption of microwave ovens. As stated above, because the issuance
of the revised version did not occur until January 27, 2011, DOE
considered the most recent draft at the time, which was version IEC
Standard 62301 (CDV) for the July 2010 TP SNOPR and IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS) for the March 2011 TP Interim Final Rule. 75 FR 42612, 42614; 76
FR 12825, 12831-33.
II. Summary of the Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
As discussed in section I, DOE published the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule to provide an opportunity for it to fully consider whether
any changes should be made in light of publication of IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition). For this reason, and, based upon the public
comment received on the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, DOE decided to
further analyze IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition), which published on
January 27, 2011. Consistent with its statutory mandate, DOE has
reviewed this latest version of the IEC standard and believes that it
improves some measurements of standby mode and off mode energy use.
Accordingly, DOE proposes in today's SNOPR to incorporate certain
provisions of the IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition), along with
clarifying language, into the DOE test procedures for microwave ovens
adopted in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule. In addition, DOE proposes
in today's SNOPR to make minor editorial changes in 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix I, section 2.2.1.1 to aid the reader by presenting
the electrical supply voltages consistently for microwave ovens and
conventional cooking products, and also in section 1.12 to clarify the
alternative use of metric units for various measurements and
calculations in the conventional cooking products test procedure. For
the reader's convenience, DOE has reproduced in this SNOPR the entire
body of regulatory text from the March 2011 Interim Final Rule for the
microwave oven test procedure, further amended as appropriate according
to today's proposals.
As noted above, EPCA requires that DOE determine whether a proposed
test procedure amendment would alter the measured efficiency of a
product, thereby requiring adjustment of existing standards. (42 U.S.C.
6293(e)) Because there are currently no Federal energy conservation
standards for microwave ovens (including energy use in the standby and
off modes), such requirement does not apply to this rulemaking. DOE is
conducting a concurrent rulemaking process to consider standby and off
mode energy conservation standards and will consider this test
procedure rulemaking as any standards are developed.
III. Discussion
A. Products Covered by This Test Procedure Rulemaking
DOE defines ``microwave oven'' as a class of kitchen ranges and
ovens which is a household cooking appliance consisting of a
compartment designed to cook or heat food by means of microwave energy.
10 CFR 430.2 In the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, DOE determined that
this regulatory definition includes all ovens equipped with microwave
capability, including combination ovens (i.e., microwave ovens that
incorporate convection features and possibly other means of cooking)
because they are capable of cooking or heating food by means of
microwave energy. 76 FR 12825, 12828-30 (March 9, 2011). DOE also
determined that the test procedure would not apply to the type of
cooking appliance classified by DOE regulations as a microwave/
conventional range, which has separate compartments or components
consisting of a microwave oven, a conventional oven, and a conventional
cooking top. Id. at 12830. DOE noted that it will evaluate any
differences among microwave ovens and combination microwave ovens,
including installation configurations and heating features that may
warrant different product classes or energy conservation standards
during its microwave oven standards rulemaking. Id. at 12829-30. DOE
also noted that defining a covered product for the purposes of
measuring standby mode and off mode energy use does not require that
active mode provisions be specified for that same product. When
considering future active mode test procedure amendments, DOE will
evaluate the suitability of separate provisions for combination
microwave ovens to measure the energy performance of heating components
other than the microwave portion. Id.
DOE also noted in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule that, based on
its limited testing of a small sample of over-the-range microwave
ovens, as well as more extensive testing of a sample of over-the-range
combination microwave ovens, DOE did not identify any different standby
or off modes as
[[Page 72336]]
compared to countertop microwave-only units. Thus, DOE determined that
the measures adopted in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule provide
representative measures of standby mode and off mode energy use in
countertop and over-the-range configurations of microwave ovens and
combination microwave ovens, and did not provide an exclusion for over-
the-range units in the definition of covered products. Differences in
energy use in these modes between countertop and over-the-range
configurations would be evaluated as part of the energy conservation
standards rulemaking addressing standby mode and off mode for microwave
ovens. Id.
The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) objected to
the definition of covered products in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule
because it does not consider the effects on a possible future active
mode test procedure. AHAM stated that an active mode test procedure is
likely to have inherent complexities, as indicated by DOE's repeal of
the active mode test procedure, and not considering active mode in the
definition of covered products will only add to those complexities.
AHAM stated that DOE should address this issue now and would work with
DOE to determine how the differences between microwave-only ovens,
over-the-range microwave ovens, and combination ovens should be
addressed. (AHAM, No. 31 at p. 2) \4\ Whirlpool Corporation (Whirlpool)
supported the comments made by AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at p. 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ A notation in the form ``AHAM, No. 31 at p. 2'' identifies a
written comment: (1) Made by the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers; (2) recorded in document number 31 that is filed in
the docket of the microwave oven test procedures rulemaking (Docket
No. EERE-2008-BT-TP-0011) and available for review at https://www.regulations.gov; and (3) which appears on page 2 of document
number 31.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As discussed above, DOE will evaluate the suitability of separate
provisions for measuring the active mode energy use of different
heating components or other product features related to installation
configuration when considering future amendments to the microwave oven
test procedure to address active mode. DOE may consider at that time
whether amendments to the definition of ``microwave oven'' are
necessary for the development of an active mode test procedure. DOE
also notes that it makes determinations regarding the scope of covered
products, including potential grouping in product classes, in the
energy conservation standards rulemaking process. As discussed in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, under the definition of ``microwave
oven,'' all ovens equipped with microwave capability would be
considered covered products, and that for the standby mode and off mode
test procedure, the same testing methodology can be used for microwave-
only, over-the-range microwave ovens, and combination microwave ovens.
76 FR 12825, 12829-30 (Mar. 9, 2011). For these reasons, DOE is not
proposing amendments to the definition of ``microwave oven'' in 10 CFR
430.2 in today's SNOPR.
AHAM commented that the determination of covered products in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule is overly broad. AHAM stated that
combination ovens are now covered products under the definition of
``microwave oven'' according to the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, but
the adopted test procedure fails to make that clear. AHAM stated that,
according to the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, a free-standing range
with microwave capability would be excluded, but this is not clear from
the definition. AHAM continues to believe that DOE should not consider
combination ovens as meeting the definition of ``microwave oven,'' but
that DOE could alternatively clarify the intent to include combination
ovens as covered products by defining the term ``combination oven.''
(AHAM, No. 31 at p. 2) Whirlpool supported the comments made by AHAM.
(Whirlpool, No. 30 at p. 1)
Although DOE provided a definition of a combination oven as a
microwave oven that incorporates convection features and possibly other
means of cooking in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, it agrees that
additional clarity would be gained by codifying a definition. To that
end, DOE is proposing to add such a definition of ``combination oven''
to the definitions in 10 CFR 430.2. DOE further notes that the
definition of ``microwave oven'' adopted in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule specifies that the appliance would consist of a compartment
designed to cook or heat food by means of microwave energy and would
include combination ovens. However, 10 CFR 430.2 additionally defines a
microwave/conventional range as distinct from a microwave oven,
although it incorporates a microwave oven along with a conventional
oven and conventional cooking top. Because the test procedure applies
only to microwave ovens and not to microwave/conventional ranges, a
free-standing range with microwave capability in one compartment and a
conventional oven in a separate compartment would not be a covered
product under this rulemaking. Additionally, a range incorporating a
single compartment with microwave capability and other cooking or
heating means, along with a conventional cooking top, would not be
considered a covered product because the cooking top portion would
exclude the range from the relevant portion of the definition of
``microwave oven'' (e.g., a compartment designed to cook or heat food
by means of microwave energy.)
AHAM also commented that, based on DOE's statement that the
definition of combination microwave oven as a covered product does not
hinge on which cooking mode is primary (i.e., radiant heating or
microwave energy) and that all ovens equipped with microwave capability
would be considered a covered product under the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule, a product that uses radiant heat for cooking, but also uses
microwave energy as a secondary cooking mode, would be covered as a
microwave oven as well as a conventional cooking product, and such a
product should not be twice regulated. AHAM stated, therefore, that
such a product should not be covered by the definition of microwave
oven. (AHAM, No. 31 at p. 2) Whirlpool supported the comments made by
AHAM. (Whirlpool, No. 30 at p. 1)
DOE defines ``conventional oven'' as ``a class of kitchen ranges
and ovens which is a household cooking appliance consisting of one or
more compartments intended for the cooking or heating of food by means
of either a gas flame or electric resistance heating. It does not
include portable or countertop ovens which use electric resistance
heating for the cooking or heating of food and are designed for an
electrical supply of approximately 120 volts.'' 10 CFR 430.2 Because
this definition does not provide for the option of cooking or heating
food by means of microwave energy, DOE concludes that a product
comprising a single compartment that uses both radiant heat and
microwave energy for cooking would be covered only under the definition
of ``microwave oven,'' which includes combination microwave ovens
(including those with radiant heating elements) regardless of which is
considered the primary cooking mode, and would not be covered as a
conventional cooking product.
DOE acknowledges that the definition of ``microwave oven''
considers only a single compartment, while the definition of
``conventional oven'' allows for the possibility of one or more
compartments. DOE believes that, for products that consist of multiple
oven
[[Page 72337]]
compartments but no integral cooking top portion, the compartment(s)
that provide for cooking by means of microwave energy in combination
with any other cooking or heating means would be classified as
microwave ovens, while the compartment(s) that cook or heat food by
means of a gas flame or electric resistance heating without the use of
microwave energy would be classified as conventional ovens.
DOE notes that its regulations contain certain provisions allowing
a manufacturer to seek a waiver from the test procedure requirements
for covered consumer products if at least one of the following
conditions is met: (1) The petitioner's basic model contains one or
more design characteristics that prevent testing according to the
prescribed test procedure, or (2) when the prescribed test procedures
may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its
true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially
inaccurate comparative data. 10 CFR 430.27(a)(1). Petitioners must
include in their petition any alternative test procedures known to the
petitioner to evaluate the basic model in a manner representative of
its energy consumption characteristics. 10 CFR 430.27(b)(1)(iii). The
Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy may
grant a waiver subject to conditions, including adherence to alternate
test procedures. 10 CFR 430.27(l). Waivers remain in effect pursuant to
the provisions of 10 CFR 430.27(m).
As discussed in section III.B, the amendments to the DOE microwave
oven test procedure codified in the CFR would clarify that the
procedures and calculations adopted in the final rule need not be
performed to determine compliance with energy conservation standards,
until compliance with any final rule establishing amended energy
conservation standards for microwave ovens in standby mode and off mode
is required. At that time, any application for waiver from the test
procedure may be submitted. As noted in section I, DOE is currently
conducting an energy conservation standards rulemaking to address
microwave oven standby power consumption. DOE also notes that
determinations as to whether certain products are considered covered
under DOE's regulations are made in the energy conservation standards
rulemaking.
AHAM commented that it opposes the inclusion of thermal elements
designed for surface browning in the definition of microwave ovens.
AHAM noted DOE repealed the active mode test procedure for microwave
ovens because DOE determined it was not repeatable or reproducible and
by including microwave ovens with thermal elements in the definition of
microwave ovens, that same unworkable situation would be created here.
According to AHAM, there is currently no repeatable and reproducible
test procedure for microwave ovens with thermal elements, and those
units with thermal elements may use different amounts of energy than
units with microwave-only capability. In addition, AHAM commented that
there are no agreed-upon definitions as to what constitutes
``browning.'' AHAM urged DOE to not include thermal elements designed
for surface browning in the definition of ``microwave oven.'' (AHAM,
No. 31 at pp. 2-3) Whirlpool supported the comments made by AHAM.
(Whirlpool, No. 30 at p. 1)
As discussed above, DOE may consider amendments to the test
procedure to measure the active mode energy use in a separate test
procedure rulemaking process, including the methods for measuring the
energy use of thermal elements. As discussed in the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule, under the definition of ``microwave oven,'' all ovens
equipped with microwave capability would be considered a covered
products, including those with thermal elements. 76 FR 12825, 12830
(Mar. 9, 2011). DOE also makes determinations regarding the scope of
covered products in the energy conservation standards rulemaking
process. As a result, DOE is not proposing amendments to the definition
of ``microwave oven'' in 10 CFR 430.2 to exclude thermal elements
designed for surface browning in today's SNOPR.
AHAM commented that DOE should again consider the differences
between countertop microwave ovens and over-the-range microwave ovens,
noting there are significant differences both in energy consumption and
consumer utility. AHAM noted that countertop microwave ovens are
typically designed for room temperature ambient conditions, whereas
over-the-range microwave ovens must be designed to withstand the higher
temperatures above a range. AHAM commented that features such as the
display require more energy for over-the-range microwave ovens to
withstand the higher temperatures, and that Vacuum Fluorescent Displays
(VFDs) are used more often in such units because of their reliability
at higher temperatures, but require higher current to operate in both
active and standby modes. AHAM noted that countertop microwave ovens
can use lower-power Light Emitting Diode (LED) displays due to the
lower ambient temperatures. AHAM added that other energy-using features
typically exist only in over-the-range microwave ovens, such as air
venting and circulation, forced cooling, and cooktop lighting. (AHAM,
No. 31 at p. 3) Whirlpool supported the comments made by AHAM.
(Whirlpool, No. 30 at p. 1)
As discussed in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, DOE did not
identify during its research and testing any different standby or off
modes for over-the-range microwave-only and combination microwave ovens
as compared to countertop microwave-only units. DOE noted that
differences in energy use, installation configurations, and heating
features between countertop and over-the-range configurations that may
warrant different product classes would be evaluated as part of the
energy conservation standards rulemaking addressing standby mode and
off mode for microwave ovens. 76 FR 12825, 12829-30 (Mar. 9, 2011). DOE
may consider the suitability of separate provisions for over-the-range
microwave ovens to measure the energy performance of active mode
features such as air venting and circulation, forced cooling, and
cooktop lighting when considering future active mode test procedure
amendments.
Intirion Corporation (Intirion) commented that its product--an
integrated microwave oven, refrigerator/freezer, and two charging
stations (``MicroFridge'')--should not be considered a covered product
under the proposed energy conservation standards for microwave oven
standby power and should be considered exempt from the standard.
(Intirion, No. 29 at p. 1) Intirion commented that the MicroFridge
should be considered a combination appliance which, according to
Intirion, is significantly different from a typical microwave oven.
Intirion also noted that, although the MicroFridge can either be
shipped as a pre-assembled combination appliance or as a separate unit
(with the consumer attaching the microwave oven and refrigerator/
freezer on-site), the intention of the MicroFridge is to be used as a
combination appliance. (Intirion, No. 29 at pp. 1-2) The MicroFridge
allows the consumer to power a microwave oven, refrigerator/freezer,
and charging stations from a single outlet. Intirion commented that the
microwave oven controller in the MicroFridge also manages electrical
flow for the microwave oven, refrigerator/freezer, and charging
stations to prevent the electrical circuit from overloading. When the
microwave
[[Page 72338]]
oven is in use, the electrical flow to the charging stations and
refrigerator are turned off. (Intirion, No. 29 at p. 2) Intirion
further commented that when considering the microwave oven exclusive of
the charging stations and refrigerator electrical management, the
microwave oven LED clock display and microcontroller consume 2 watts
(W) in standby mode.\5\ (Intirion, No. 29 at pp. 2-3) Intirion
requested that DOE issue a waiver for the MicroFridge microwave oven
from the proposed energy conservation standards for microwave oven
standby power because its characteristics make the standby power
standards not applicable, and a wavier should be granted. (Intirion,
No. 29 at p. 4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Aside from the microwave oven LED display and
microcontroller, Intirion noted that the Microfridge consumes 0.2W
for 2 front green LED lamps, 0.5W each for two front outlets, and
0.5W for a rear outlet. The total standby power of the MicroFridge
is thus 3.7W.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response, as discussed above for products that consist of
multiple oven compartments but no integral cooking top portion, DOE
notes that its regulations contain certain provisions allowing a
manufacturer to seek a waiver from the test procedure requirements for
covered consumer products if at least one of the following conditions
is met: (1) The petitioner's basic model contains one or more design
characteristics that prevent testing according to the prescribed test
procedure, or (2) when the prescribed test procedures may evaluate the
basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy
consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate
comparative data. 10 CFR 430.27(a)(1). DOE also notes that
determinations as to whether certain products are considered covered
under DOE's regulations are made in the energy conservation standards
rulemaking.
B. Effective Date for the Test Procedure and Date on which Use of the
Test Procedure Would be Required
The effective date of the standby and off mode test procedures for
microwave ovens would be 30 days after the date of publication of the
final rule. DOE's amended test procedure regulations codified in the
CFR would clarify, though, that the procedures and calculations adopted
in the final rule need not be performed to determine compliance with
energy conservation standards, until compliance with any final rule
establishing amended energy conservation standards for microwave ovens
in standby mode and off mode is required. However, as of 180 days after
publication of the final rule, any representations as to the standby
mode and off mode energy consumption of the products that are the
subject of this rulemaking would need to be based upon results
generated under the applicable provisions of this test procedure. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
C. Incorporation of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
As noted above, EPCA, as amended by EISA 2007, requires that test
procedures be amended to include standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, taking into consideration the most current versions of IEC
Standards 62301 and 62087. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) The March 2011
Interim Final Rule incorporated in the test procedures for microwave
ovens relevant provisions from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) for
measuring standby mode and off mode power. DOE reviewed the IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) and concluded that it would be generally
applicable to microwave ovens, although some clarification would be
needed. Specifically, DOE adopted a specific standby mode power
measurement methodology for units in which power varies as a function
of displayed time. 76 FR 12825, 12837-12840 (Mar. 9, 2011). With these
clarifications in place, the March 2011 Interim Final Rule referenced
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) for the standby mode and off mode
wattage measurements.
DOE noted in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule that there were
significant differences between IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) and
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS), which was the latest draft version of IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition) available during the drafting of the
interim final rule. Id. at 12832-33. For example, IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS) clarified certain provisions, such as the definition of
``standby mode'' and ``off mode'' to allow for the measurement of
multiple standby power modes. IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) incorporated
responses to comments from multiple national committees from member
countries on several previous draft versions, and thus, DOE believed,
it provided the best available mode definitions. Id. After considering
both versions of IEC Standard 62301 (i.e., First Edition and FDIS), DOE
concluded in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule that the definitions of
``standby mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``active mode'' provided in IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) were more useful, in that they expanded upon the
EPCA mode definitions and provided additional guidance as to which
functions would be associated with each mode. Therefore, DOE adopted
the definitions of ``standby mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``active mode''
based on the definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule. Id. at 12836.
DOE noted in the March 2011 Interim Final Rule that IEC published
the final version of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) on January 27,
2011, too late to be incorporated into the rulemaking. DOE also noted
that significant changes in the methodology of IEC Standard 62301 were
first introduced only at the IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) stage. DOE noted
that those changes had not been, at that time, the subject of
significant public comment from interested parties, nor had DOE had the
opportunity to conduct a thorough analysis of those provisions. Id. at
12833. Given the pending statutory deadline for issuance of a microwave
oven standard and the recent adoption of IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition), DOE decided to base the test procedure amendments in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule (other than the mode definitions) on the
provisions of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). Id.
In response to the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, AHAM commented
that DOE should incorporate by reference IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) as published. AHAM also commented that all of the provisions
incorporated by reference should be from IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) and not reference sections from both IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition) and IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition), including any draft
versions. AHAM noted that the Second Edition has been vetted through an
extensive consensus method of standards development that includes
dozens of countries. AHAM also noted that IEC Standard 62301 (Second
Edition) contains a number of important clarifications not present in
the First Edition. AHAM commented that incorporation by reference of
the Second Edition will allow for optimum international harmonization,
which gives clarity and consistency to the regulated community, and
also significantly decreases the testing burden on manufacturers. AHAM
stated that if DOE maintains its incorporation by reference of IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition), regulated parties would have to test
products under one test procedure in the United States and a different
procedure in other countries, adding significant testing burden. (AHAM,
No. 31 at pp. 3-4; AHAM, DOE-HQ-2011-0014, No. 10 at pp. 3-
[[Page 72339]]
4 \6\) Whirlpool supported the comments made by AHAM. (Whirlpool, No.
30 at p. 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ A notation in the form ``AHAM, DOE-HQ-2011-0014, No. 10 at
pp. 3-4'' identifies a written comment: (1) Made by AHAM; (2)
recorded in document number 10 that is filed in the docket of the
Request for Information on reducing regulatory burden (Docket No.
DOE-HQ-2011-0014) and available for review at https://www.regulations.gov; and (3) which appears on pages 3 through 4 of
document number 10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As discussed in section I, DOE published the March 2011 Interim
Final Rule to provide an opportunity for it to fully consider whether
any changes should be made in light of publication of IEC Standard
62301 (Second Edition). DOE agrees with the commenters that IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition) is an internationally-accepted test
procedure for measuring standby power in residential appliances, and
that it provides clarification to certain sections as compared to the
First Edition, as discussed in the following paragraphs.
Section 4, paragraph 4.4 of the Second Edition revises the power
measurement accuracy provisions of the First Edition. A more
comprehensive specification of required accuracy is provided in the
Second Edition, which depends upon the characteristics of the power
being measured. Testers using the Second Edition are required to
measure the crest factor and power factor of the input power, and to
calculate a maximum current ratio (MCR) (paragraph 4.4.1 of the Second
Edition). The Second Edition then specifies calculations to determine
permitted uncertainty in MCR. DOE notes, however, that the allowable
uncertainty is the same or less stringent than the allowable
uncertainty specified in the First Edition, depending on the value of
MCR and the power level being measured (see Table III.1 for examples).
This change in the allowable uncertainty, however, maintains sufficient
accuracy of measurements under a full range of possible measured power
levels without placing undue demands on the instrumentation. These
power measurement accuracy requirements were based upon detailed
technical submissions to the IEC in the development of IEC Standard
62301 (FDIS), which showed that commonly-used power measurement
instruments were unable to meet the original requirements for certain
types of loads. Therefore, DOE believes that the incremental testing
burden associated with the additional measurements and calculations is
offset by the more reasonable requirements for testing equipment, while
maintaining measurement accuracy deemed acceptable and practical by
voting members for IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition). For these
reasons, DOE proposes in today's supplemental notice to incorporate by
reference in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix I, section 2.9.1.3
the power equipment specifications in section 4, paragraph 4.4 of IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition).
Table III. 1--Comparison of Allowable uncertainty in Measured Power
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allowable uncertainty (W)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Measured power (W) IEC 62301 (second edition)
IEC 62301 (first ---------------------------------------
edition) MCR = 5 MCR = 15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.0................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.14
2.0................................................. 0.04 0.04 0.056
1.0................................................. 0.02 0.02 0.028
0.5................................................. 0.01 0.02 0.02
0.2................................................. 0.01 0.02 0.02
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE notes that section 5, paragraph 5.2 of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) maintains the installation and setup procedures
incorporated by reference in the microwave oven test procedure in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule from the First Edition. These provisions
require that the appliance be prepared and set up in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions, and that if no instructions are given,
then the factory or ``default'' settings shall be used, or where there
are no indications for such settings, the appliance is tested as
supplied. Additionally, IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) adds
certain clarifications to the installation and setup procedures in
section 5, paragraph 5.2 of the First Edition regarding products
equipped with a battery recharging circuit for an internal battery, as
well as instructions for testing each relevant configuration option
identified in the product's instructions for use. DOE is not aware of
any microwave oven with an internal battery, or with a recharging
circuit for such a battery. DOE also believes that a requirement to
separately test each configuration option could substantially increase
test burden and potentially conflicts with the requirement within the
same section to set up the product in accordance with the instructions
for use or, if no such instructions are available, to use the factory
or ``default'' settings. Therefore, DOE tentatively concludes that the
portions of the installation instructions in section 5, paragraph 5.2
of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition) pertaining to batteries and the
requirement for the determination, classification, and testing of all
modes associated with every combination of available product
configuration options (which may be more numerous than the modes
associated with operation at the default settings) are not appropriate
for the microwave oven test procedures. Accordingly, DOE is proposing
qualifying language in the test procedure amendments at 10 CFR part
430, subpart B, appendix I, section 2.1.3 to disregard those portions
of the installation instructions.
The Second Edition also contains provisions for the power supply
(section 4.3) and power-measuring instruments (section 4.4). Paragraph
4.3.2 requires that the value of the harmonic content of the voltage
supply be recorded during the test and reported. As described
previously, paragraph 4.4.1 requires the instrument to measure the
crest factor and maximum current ratio. Paragraph 4.4.3 requires the
instrument to be capable of measuring the average power or integrated
total energy consumption over any operator-selected time interval. DOE
is aware of commercially available power measurement instruments that
can perform each of these required measurements individually. However,
DOE is also aware that certain industry-standard instruments, such as
the Yokogawa WT210/WT230 digital power meter and possibly others, are
unable to measure harmonic content or crest
[[Page 72340]]
factor while measuring average power or total integrated energy
consumption. DOE is concerned that laboratories currently using power-
measuring instruments without this capability would be required to
purchase, at potentially significant expense, additional power-
measuring instruments that are able to perform all these measurements
simultaneously. Therefore, DOE proposes in 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix I, sections 2.2.1.2 and 2.9.1.3 that if the power-measuring
instrument is unable to perform these measurements during the actual
test measurement, it would be acceptable to measure the total harmonic
content, crest factor, and maximum current ratio immediately before and
immediately after the actual test measurement to determine whether the
requirements for the power supply and power measurement have been met.
DOE requests comment on whether this represents an acceptable
interpretation of the power measurement requirements of the Second
Edition.
The other major changes in the Second Edition related to the
measurement of standby mode and off mode power consumption in covered
products involve measurement techniques and specification of the
stability criteria required to measure that power. The Second Edition
contains more detailed techniques to evaluate the stability of the
power consumption and to measure the power consumption for loads with
different stability characteristics. According to the Second Edition,
the user is given a choice of measurement procedures, including
sampling methods, average reading methods, and a direct meter reading
method. DOE evaluated these new methods in terms of test burden and
improvement in results as compared to those methods adopted in the
March 2011 Interim Final Rule, which were based on IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition).
In the March 2011 Interim Final Rule, DOE adopted provisions
requiring that microwave oven standby mode and off mode power be
measured using section 5, paragraph 5.3 of IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition). DOE also adopted additional specific methodology for
microwave ovens in which power varies as a function of the time
displayed. In particular, based on DOE's testing, DOE adopted a
requirement for these microwave ovens to set the display time to 3:23
and allowing a 10-minute stabilization period prior to a 10-minute
measurement period for the display time of 3:33 to 3:42, based on the
average power approach of section 5, paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition). DOE stated that this method provides a valid
measure of standby energy use for those microwave ovens with power
consumption varying according to the time displayed on the clock. 76 FR
12825, 12838-40 (Mar. 9, 2011).
For today's supplemental notice, to determine the potential impacts
of referencing methodology from IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
rather than from the First Edition, DOE compared the provisions allowed
by each under different scenarios of power consumption stability, as
discussed in the following sections.
1. Stable Power Consumption
According to section 5, paragraph 5.3.1 of IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition), after an initial stabilization period of 5 minutes,
power consumption is defined as stable if it varies by less than 5
percent over a subsequent measurement period of 5 minutes. In such a
case, a direct reading may be made at the end of the measurement
period. Based on this methodology, which was adopted in the March 2011
Interim Final Rule for microwave ovens other than units in which power
varies as a function of displayed time, the total test time would be at
minimum 10 minutes (comprised of a minimum 5-minute stabilization
period, followed by a minimum 5-minute period during which the
stability criterion could be evaluated and a direct power reading
taken.) Alternatively, the tester may select an average power or
accumulated energy approach, again with a minimum 5-minute measurement
period. The average power approach would simply require a different
reading to be taken from the instrument (true average power instead of
a direct reading of instantaneous power), while the accumulated energy
approach would require the calculation of power by dividing the
accumulated energy by the duration of the measurement period.
In comparison, section 5, paragraph 5.3.4 of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) specifies a direct meter reading method that can be
used for stable power consumption, in which a minimum 30-minute
stabilization period must be observed, followed by a first power
measurement. After an additional period of 10 minutes, a second power
measurement is taken. If the average of the two measurements divided by
the time interval between them meets certain threshold criteria, then
the power consumption is considered to be the average of the two power
measurements. Thus, the total test period would still be at minimum 40
minutes. DOE agrees that this method likely improves the validity of
the test results, as it is a more stringent measure of the stability of
the power consumption over a longer period of time than the First
Edition requires. However, if the threshold criteria are not met at the
end of the test, a different measurement method must be used,
increasing test time and complexity. Further, the Second Edition
specifies that the direct reading method shall not be used for
verification purposes. Both of these qualifications potentially
increase test burden as compared to the First Edition, possibly
requiring the tester to conduct the more complex methodology of the
methods available under the Second Edition.
DOE notes that section 5, paragraph 5.3.2 of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) identifies a sampling method as the preferred means
for all power consumption measurements and the fastest test method when
the power is stable. For any non-cyclic power consumption, power
readings are initially recorded over a period of at least 15 minutes
after energizing the product. Data from the first third of the
measurement period are discarded, and stability is evaluated by a
linear regression through all power readings in the second two-thirds
of the data. If the slope of the linear regression is less than 10
milliwatts per hour (mW/h) for input power less than or equal to 1.0 W,
or less than 1 percent of the input power per hour for input power
greater than 1.0 W, the power consumption is calculated as the average
of the power readings during the second two-thirds of the measurement
period. If the slope of the linear regression does not meet these
stability criteria, the total period is continuously extended until the
stability criteria are met for the second two-thirds of the data. In
some cases, this is a more stringent requirement than the stability
criteria of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). The lack of a
definitive test period means that the test duration could extend past
15 minutes for certain products--up to 3 hours is allowed in the Second
Edition--and could introduce added test burden as compared to the First
Edition.
2. Unstable, Non-Cyclic Power Consumption
Section 5, paragraph 5.3 from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition),
which DOE incorporated by reference in the
