Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding Operations; Capital Adequacy Risk-Weighting Revisions: Alternatives to Credit Ratings, 53344-53346 [2011-21659]
Download as PDF
53344
Proposed Rules
Federal Register
Vol. 76, No. 166
Friday, August 26, 2011
Farm Credit Administration.
Advance notice of proposed
rulemaking.
Farm Credit Administration
(FCA or Agency) regulations on the
capital adequacy of Farm Credit System
(FCS or System) institutions include
various references to and requirements
of reliance on credit ratings of a security
or money-market instrument. Section
939A of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street
Reform and Consumer Protection Act
(Dodd-Frank or DFA), enacted on July
21, 2010, requires Federal agencies to
remove any reference to or requirement
of reliance upon such credit ratings, and
substitute in their place standards of
creditworthiness that they deem
appropriate for such regulations. The
FCA seeks public comment on
alternatives to the use of credit ratings
in these regulations.
DATES: You may send comments on or
before November 25, 2011.
ADDRESSES: There are several methods
for you to submit your comments. For
accuracy and efficiency reasons,
commenters are encouraged to submit
comments by e-mail or through the
FCA’s Web site. As facsimiles (faxes) are
difficult for us to process and achieve
compliance with section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act, we are no longer
accepting comments submitted by fax.
Regardless of the method you use,
please do not submit your comment
multiple times via different methods.
You may submit comments by any of
the following methods:
• E-mail: Send us an e-mail at regcomm@fca.gov.
• FCA Web site: https://www.fca.gov.
Select ‘‘Public Commenters,’’ then
‘‘Public Comments,’’ and follow the
directions for ‘‘Submitting a Comment.’’
• Federal E-Rulemaking Web site:
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• Mail: Send mail to Gary K. Van
Meter, Director, Office of Regulatory
Policy, Farm Credit Administration,
1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA
22102–5090.
You may review copies of comments
we receive at our office in McLean,
Virginia, or on our Web site at https://
www.fca.gov. Once you are in the Web
site, select ‘‘Public Commenters,’’ then
‘‘Public Comments,’’ and follow the
directions for ‘‘Reading Submitted
Public Comments.’’ We will show your
comments as submitted, but for
technical reasons we may omit items
such as logos and special characters.
Identifying information that you
provide, such as phone numbers and
addresses, will be publicly available.
However, we will attempt to remove
e-mail addresses to help reduce Internet
spam.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Chris Wilson, Financial Analyst, Office
of Regulatory Policy, Farm Credit
Administration, McLean, VA 22102–
5090, (703) 883–4204, TTY (703) 883–
4434,
or
Rebecca S. Orlich, Senior Counsel,
Office of General Counsel, Farm
Credit Administration, McLean, VA
22102–5090, (703) 883–4020, TTY
(703) 883–4020.
I. Background
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains notices to the public of the proposed
issuance of rules and regulations. The
purpose of these notices is to give interested
persons an opportunity to participate in the
rule making prior to the adoption of the final
rules.
FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
12 CFR Part 615
RIN 3052–AC71
Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan
Policies and Operations, and Funding
Operations; Capital Adequacy RiskWeighting Revisions: Alternatives to
Credit Ratings
AGENCY:
ACTION:
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
SUMMARY:
VerDate Mar<15>2010
16:51 Aug 25, 2011
Jkt 223001
The FCA has promulgated its capital
standards in 12 CFR Part 615 of its
regulations. These regulations contain
references to and regulatory
requirements premised on the use of
credit ratings issued by Nationally
Recognized Statistical Rating
Organizations (NRSROs).1 Section 939A
of the DFA requires each Federal agency
to review ‘‘(1) Any regulation issued by
such agency that requires the use of an
assessment of the creditworthiness of a
security or money market instrument;
and (2) any references to or
1 An NRSRO is an entity registered with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under
section 15E of the Securities and Exchange Act of
1934.
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
requirements in such regulations
regarding credit ratings.’’ After such
review, each agency must then ‘‘modify
any such regulation identified by the
review * * * to remove any reference to
or requirement of reliance on credit
ratings and to substitute in such
regulations such standard of
creditworthiness as each respective
agency shall determine as appropriate
for such regulations.2
The FCA is seeking comments on how
to revise our capital standards to
comply with this requirement of DoddFrank.
II. FCA’s Risk-Based Capital Standards
The FCA’s rules for risk-weighting
capital are set forth in §§ 615.5210–
615.5212. Section 615.5210 describes
the capital treatment of certain
securitizations. Sections 615.5211 and
615.5212 describe the capital treatment
of on- and off-balance-sheet assets.
FCA first adopted risk-weighting 3
categories for System assets as part of
the 1988 capital adequacy regulations
required by the Agricultural Credit Act
of 1987. FCA adopted many elements of
the 1988 Basel Accord in its risk-based
capital rules. For instance, the
placement of assets in risk-weight
categories depends, in part, on NRSRO
ratings.
In 1997,4 1998,5 and 2005,6 the FCA
adopted further revisions to its riskbased capital regulations. The 1997
revisions to our capital regulations
added new standards for System banks
and associations, a collateral ratio for
System banks, and procedures for
setting higher capital standards for
individual institutions and for issuing
capital directives. Revisions in 1998
addressed risk-weighting and other
issues. Revisions to the capital
standards in 2005 implemented a
ratings-based approach (RBA) for riskweighting investments in recourse
obligations, residual interests (other
than credit-enhancing interest-only
strips), direct credit substitutes, and
2 See section 939A, Public Law 111–203, 124 Stat.
1376 (July 21, 2010).
3 We use risk weightings to compute the riskadjusted asset base for System banks and
associations. This base is then used to calculate
certain regulatory capital ratios. These regulations
are in 12 CFR part 615, subparts H and K.
4 See 62 FR 4429 (Jan. 30, 1997).
5 See 63 FR 39219 (Jul. 22, 1998).
6 See 70 FR 35336 (Jun. 17, 2005).
E:\FR\FM\26AUP1.SGM
26AUP1
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 166 / Friday, August 26, 2011 / Proposed Rules
asset- and mortgage-backed securities.7
Under the RBA, the risk weighting of
such assets increases as the credit rating
declines.
The FCA seeks to ensure that the
regulatory capital framework applied to
System institutions is broadly consistent
with those of other Federal financial
regulators (OFFRs). In addition to the
rulemakings noted above, the FCA
issued several Advance Notices of
Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRMs)
beginning in 2007 seeking comment on
issues associated with adopting the
standardized version of Basel II.8 As
OFFRs revise their regulatory capital
rules in order to implement Basel III, the
FCA intends to revise its rules
accordingly.
III. Request for Comment
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
A. Creditworthiness Standards
In response to the mandate in Section
939A of Dodd-Frank, we are considering
alternative standards of
creditworthiness. Alternative standards
could be developed by the regulator, the
regulated entity, or some third party that
is not an NRSRO. In practice, all three
groups may play a role. We seek
comments on the roles best played by
each party. To be effective,
creditworthiness standards should be
based on readily available objective data
and calculated using transparent
methodologies and assumptions. In
addition, effective creditworthiness
standards should lead diverse raters to
assign similar assets to similar risk
categories.
In evaluating any standard of
creditworthiness, we will seek, to the
extent practical, and consistent with
other objectives, to follow these
principles:
• Foster prudent risk management by
System institutions;
• Ensure that creditworthiness
standards for securities and moneymarket instruments are consistent across
all types of financial institutions and
over time;
• Be transparent;
• Appropriately distinguish the credit
risk associated with a particular
exposure within an asset class;
• Provide for the timely and accurate
measurement of changes in
creditworthiness or investment quality
over time;
• Allow for adequate supervisory
review; and
7 For the RBA in the final rule, we took the
approach that highly rated positions would receive
a favorable risk weighting—which we characterized
as being less than 100 percent.
8 See 72 FR 34191 (Jun. 21, 2007), 72 FR 61568
(Oct. 31, 2007), 75 FR 39392 (Jul. 8, 2010).
VerDate Mar<15>2010
15:45 Aug 25, 2011
Jkt 223001
• Be cost-efficient and strike an
appropriate balance between the
benefits resulting from increased
accuracy of credit risk assessments and
the costs of implementation.
Question 1: The FCA seeks comment
on the principles that should guide the
Agency’s formulation of
creditworthiness standards. What core
principles would be most important and
appropriate in FCA’s development of
new standards of creditworthiness? Do
the principles delineated above capture
the appropriate elements of sound
creditworthiness standards? How could
such principles be strengthened?
Question 2: How can we assure
ratings consistency over time, across
System institutions, and maintain
consistency with the ratings of similar
assets by commercial banks and other
capital market participants? Should the
creditworthiness standards developed
for regulatory capital purposes be the
same as those developed for regulation
of the investment management or
liquidity activities of FCS institutions?
B. Alignment of Creditworthiness
Standards With the Other Federal
Financial Regulators
In response to the mandate of section
939A of Dodd-Frank, OFFRs have
issued ANPRMs or proposed
rulemakings seeking comment on creditrating alternatives. The Office of the
Comptroller of the Currency, the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System, the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation, and the Office of Thrift
Supervision issued a joint ANPRM in
August 2010.9 The National Credit
Union Administration (NCUA) issued a
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in
March 2011.10 The Federal Housing
Finance Agency (FHFA) issued an
ANPRM in January 2011.11
Question 3: Should the FCA seek to be
consistent with the standards of
creditworthiness developed by OFFRs?
C. Assignment of Risk Weights
One way to eliminate references to
credit ratings in our capital regulations
would be to assign risk weights using
broad measures of creditworthiness. For
example, our current regulations assign
risk weights to certain sovereign and
bank exposures according to whether or
not the sovereign is a member of the
Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development. This approach is
simple to apply but provides little
distinction among risks in this asset
class.
9 See
75 FR 52283 (Aug. 25, 2010).
76 FR 11164 (Mar. 1, 2011).
11 See 76 FR 5292 (Jan. 31, 2011).
Alternatively, we could assign risk
weights using more specific measures.
For example, we could assign risk
weights using defined benchmark
securities, such as comparable maturity
U.S. Treasury securities, or using
obligor-specific financial data such as
debt-to-equity ratios. This approach
could be more risk-sensitive but also
require more effort.
Question 4: We seek comments on the
benefits and drawbacks of assigning
assets to risk-weighting categories based
broadly on the type of obligor (such as
sovereign, agency, municipal, or
corporate), or based more specifically on
characteristics of the instrument itself
(such as collateral, tenor, spread to a
benchmark, or some other evidence of
marketability).
We must also eliminate use of credit
ratings in our capital regulations for
securitization exposures. One approach
might be to require dollar-for-dollar
capital on any exposure that does not
meet stringent criteria for
collateralization and marketability. For
example, we could assign a risk weight
to a senior-most tranche but require
dollar-for-dollar capital for all other
tranches in that security. Other
approaches suggested by OFFRs would
use some type of ‘‘gross up’’ treatment
or other specific criteria to determine
the risk weight of the exposure.12
Question 5: How should the FCA riskweight structured securities, derivatives,
and other exposures such as recourse
obligations, direct credit substitutes and
residual interests?
D. Internal Ratings-Based Models and
the Use of Third Parties
One way to eliminate reliance on
NRSRO ratings would be to require FCS
institutions to develop internal risk
exposure methodologies for making
creditworthiness determinations for
certain exposures. In some cases, FCS
institutions may need to contract with
third parties to obtain quantitative data,
such as probabilities of default, as part
of their internal process for making such
determinations. Also, FCS institutions
could continue to use the opinions of
external experts as an element in
assessing creditworthiness. Regardless
of the approach we adopt, we would
establish criteria to ensure that the
methodology employed is consistent
with safe and sound banking practices.
Question 6: Should each System bank
be required to develop its own risk
exposure methodology? Should each
association be required to develop its
own risk exposure methodology? If so,
how should the FCA assure consistency
10 See
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
53345
12 See
E:\FR\FM\26AUP1.SGM
75 FR 52283 (Aug. 25, 2010).
26AUP1
53346
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 166 / Friday, August 26, 2011 / Proposed Rules
across the individual methodologies?
How would the FCS prepare its
quarterly and annual reports to
investors? Should System banks be
required to develop a common risk
exposure methodology?
Question 7: Are there certain types of
assets that would require the use of a
third party to provide data to FCS
institutions as part of their internal
process for making creditworthiness
determinations? How could the use of
third-party service providers be
implemented to ensure quality,
transparency, and consistency? What
role should third-party assessors be
allowed to play in determining
creditworthiness? We seek comments on
the roles best played by each party.
E. Burden
Developing alternative measures of
creditworthiness will likely require
significant initial and ongoing costs.
Accordingly, we are seeking comment
on the burden—both financial and
operational—that various alternative
approaches to developing such
standards might entail.
Dated: August 18, 2011.
Mary Alice Donner,
Acting Secretary, Farm Credit Administration
Board.
[FR Doc. 2011–21659 Filed 8–25–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6705–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2011–0909; Directorate
Identifier 2011–NM–027–AD]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing
Company Model DC–9–81 (MD–81),
DC–9–82 (MD–82), DC–9–83 (MD–83),
DC–9–87 (MD–87), and MD–88
Airplanes
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
(NPRM).
AGENCY:
We propose to adopt a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for the
products listed above. This proposed
AD would require repetitive high
frequency eddy current (HFEC)
inspections for cracking of the left and
right rib hinge bearing lugs of the aft
face of the center section of the
horizontal stabilizer; measuring crack
length and blending out cracks; and
replacing the horizontal stabilizer center
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
SUMMARY:
VerDate Mar<15>2010
15:45 Aug 25, 2011
Jkt 223001
section rib, if necessary. This proposed
AD was prompted by reports of cracks
of the hinge bearing lugs of the center
section ribs of the horizontal stabilizer.
We are proposing this AD to detect and
correct cracking in the hinge bearing
lugs of the horizontal stabilizer center
section ribs, which would result in
failure of the lugs, and consequent
inability of the horizontal stabilizer to
sustain the required limit loads and loss
of control of the airplane.
DATES: We must receive comments on
this proposed AD by October 11, 2011.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments by
any of the following methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• Fax: 202–493–2251.
• Mail: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Docket Operations,
M–30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590.
• Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail
address above between 9 a.m. and
5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except
Federal holidays.
For service information identified in
this proposed AD, contact Boeing
Commercial Airplanes, Attention: Data
& Services Management, 3855
Lakewood Boulevard, MC D800–0019,
Long Beach, California 90846–0001;
telephone 206–544–5000, extension 2;
fax 206–766–5683; e-mail
dse.boecom@boeing.com; Internet
https://www.myboeingfleet.com. You
may review copies of the referenced
service information at the FAA,
Transport Airplane Directorate, 1601
Lind Avenue, SW., Renton, Washington.
For information on the availability of
this material at the FAA, call 425–227–
1221.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD docket on
the Internet at https://
www.regulations.gov; or in person at the
Docket Management Facility between
9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD
docket contains this proposed AD, the
regulatory evaluation, any comments
received, and other information. The
street address for the Docket Office
(phone: 800–647–5527) is in the
ADDRESSES section. Comments will be
available in the AD docket shortly after
receipt.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Roger Durbin, Aerospace Engineer,
Airframe Branch, ANM–120L, FAA, Los
Angeles Aircraft Certification Office,
3960 Paramount Boulevard, Lakewood,
California 90712–4137; phone: 562–
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
627–5233; fax: 562–627–5210; e-mail:
roger.durbin@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Comments Invited
We invite you to send any written
relevant data, views, or arguments about
this proposal. Send your comments to
an address listed under the ADDRESSES
section. Include ‘‘Docket No. FAA–
2011–0909; Directorate Identifier 2011–
NM–027–AD’’ at the beginning of your
comments. We specifically invite
comments on the overall regulatory,
economic, environmental, and energy
aspects of this proposed AD. We will
consider all comments received by the
closing date and may amend this
proposed AD because of those
comments.
We will post all comments we
receive, without change, to https://
www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information you provide. We
will also post a report summarizing each
substantive verbal contact we receive
about this proposed AD.
Discussion
We received reports of cracks on
Model MD–80 series airplanes and on
Model MD–90–30 airplanes. The cracks
were found on the aft face of the center
section left and right hinge bearing lugs
on either the left or right, or in two
cases, on both sides of the center section
ribs of the horizontal stabilizer. Cracks
were reported on Model MD–80
airplanes that had accumulated 23,700
to 41,963 total flight hours, and 23,300
to 35,294 total flight cycles. The cause
of the cracking has not been determined.
Undetected cracking in the hinge
bearing lugs of the center section of the
left and right ribs, if not corrected, could
result in failure of the hinge bearing lugs
and consequent inability of the
horizontal stabilizer to sustain required
limit loads and loss of control of the
airplane.
Related Rulemaking
The proposed AD affects Model MD–
80 series airplanes. We issued AD 2011–
01–11, Amendment 39–16565 (76 FR
430, January 5, 2011) to address the
identified unsafe condition on Model
MD–90–30 airplanes, on December 22,
2010. AD 2011–01–11 requires similar
actions as proposed in this NPRM.
Relevant Service Information
We reviewed Boeing Alert Service
Bulletin MD80–55A069, dated January
19, 2011. That service bulletin describes
procedures for repetitive high frequency
eddy current (HFEC) inspections for
cracking of the left and right rib hinge
bearing lugs of the aft face of the center
E:\FR\FM\26AUP1.SGM
26AUP1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 166 (Friday, August 26, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 53344-53346]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-21659]
========================================================================
Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
========================================================================
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 166 / Friday, August 26, 2011 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 53344]]
FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
12 CFR Part 615
RIN 3052-AC71
Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations, and
Funding Operations; Capital Adequacy Risk-Weighting Revisions:
Alternatives to Credit Ratings
AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration.
ACTION: Advance notice of proposed rulemaking.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: Farm Credit Administration (FCA or Agency) regulations on the
capital adequacy of Farm Credit System (FCS or System) institutions
include various references to and requirements of reliance on credit
ratings of a security or money-market instrument. Section 939A of the
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank
or DFA), enacted on July 21, 2010, requires Federal agencies to remove
any reference to or requirement of reliance upon such credit ratings,
and substitute in their place standards of creditworthiness that they
deem appropriate for such regulations. The FCA seeks public comment on
alternatives to the use of credit ratings in these regulations.
DATES: You may send comments on or before November 25, 2011.
ADDRESSES: There are several methods for you to submit your comments.
For accuracy and efficiency reasons, commenters are encouraged to
submit comments by e-mail or through the FCA's Web site. As facsimiles
(faxes) are difficult for us to process and achieve compliance with
section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, we are no longer accepting
comments submitted by fax. Regardless of the method you use, please do
not submit your comment multiple times via different methods. You may
submit comments by any of the following methods:
E-mail: Send us an e-mail at reg-comm@fca.gov.
FCA Web site: https://www.fca.gov. Select ``Public
Commenters,'' then ``Public Comments,'' and follow the directions for
``Submitting a Comment.''
Federal E-Rulemaking Web site: https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
Mail: Send mail to Gary K. Van Meter, Director, Office of
Regulatory Policy, Farm Credit Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive,
McLean, VA 22102-5090.
You may review copies of comments we receive at our office in
McLean, Virginia, or on our Web site at https://www.fca.gov. Once you
are in the Web site, select ``Public Commenters,'' then ``Public
Comments,'' and follow the directions for ``Reading Submitted Public
Comments.'' We will show your comments as submitted, but for technical
reasons we may omit items such as logos and special characters.
Identifying information that you provide, such as phone numbers and
addresses, will be publicly available. However, we will attempt to
remove e-mail addresses to help reduce Internet spam.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Chris Wilson, Financial Analyst, Office of Regulatory Policy, Farm
Credit Administration, McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4204, TTY (703)
883-4434,
or
Rebecca S. Orlich, Senior Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Farm
Credit Administration, McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4020, TTY (703)
883-4020.
I. Background
The FCA has promulgated its capital standards in 12 CFR Part 615 of
its regulations. These regulations contain references to and regulatory
requirements premised on the use of credit ratings issued by Nationally
Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs).\1\ Section 939A
of the DFA requires each Federal agency to review ``(1) Any regulation
issued by such agency that requires the use of an assessment of the
creditworthiness of a security or money market instrument; and (2) any
references to or requirements in such regulations regarding credit
ratings.'' After such review, each agency must then ``modify any such
regulation identified by the review * * * to remove any reference to or
requirement of reliance on credit ratings and to substitute in such
regulations such standard of creditworthiness as each respective agency
shall determine as appropriate for such regulations.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ An NRSRO is an entity registered with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) under section 15E of the Securities
and Exchange Act of 1934.
\2\ See section 939A, Public Law 111-203, 124 Stat. 1376 (July
21, 2010).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The FCA is seeking comments on how to revise our capital standards
to comply with this requirement of Dodd-Frank.
II. FCA's Risk-Based Capital Standards
The FCA's rules for risk-weighting capital are set forth in
Sec. Sec. 615.5210-615.5212. Section 615.5210 describes the capital
treatment of certain securitizations. Sections 615.5211 and 615.5212
describe the capital treatment of on- and off-balance-sheet assets.
FCA first adopted risk-weighting \3\ categories for System assets
as part of the 1988 capital adequacy regulations required by the
Agricultural Credit Act of 1987. FCA adopted many elements of the 1988
Basel Accord in its risk-based capital rules. For instance, the
placement of assets in risk-weight categories depends, in part, on
NRSRO ratings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ We use risk weightings to compute the risk-adjusted asset
base for System banks and associations. This base is then used to
calculate certain regulatory capital ratios. These regulations are
in 12 CFR part 615, subparts H and K.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In 1997,\4\ 1998,\5\ and 2005,\6\ the FCA adopted further revisions
to its risk-based capital regulations. The 1997 revisions to our
capital regulations added new standards for System banks and
associations, a collateral ratio for System banks, and procedures for
setting higher capital standards for individual institutions and for
issuing capital directives. Revisions in 1998 addressed risk-weighting
and other issues. Revisions to the capital standards in 2005
implemented a ratings-based approach (RBA) for risk-weighting
investments in recourse obligations, residual interests (other than
credit-enhancing interest-only strips), direct credit substitutes, and
[[Page 53345]]
asset- and mortgage-backed securities.\7\ Under the RBA, the risk
weighting of such assets increases as the credit rating declines.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ See 62 FR 4429 (Jan. 30, 1997).
\5\ See 63 FR 39219 (Jul. 22, 1998).
\6\ See 70 FR 35336 (Jun. 17, 2005).
\7\ For the RBA in the final rule, we took the approach that
highly rated positions would receive a favorable risk weighting--
which we characterized as being less than 100 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The FCA seeks to ensure that the regulatory capital framework
applied to System institutions is broadly consistent with those of
other Federal financial regulators (OFFRs). In addition to the
rulemakings noted above, the FCA issued several Advance Notices of
Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRMs) beginning in 2007 seeking comment on
issues associated with adopting the standardized version of Basel
II.\8\ As OFFRs revise their regulatory capital rules in order to
implement Basel III, the FCA intends to revise its rules accordingly.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ See 72 FR 34191 (Jun. 21, 2007), 72 FR 61568 (Oct. 31,
2007), 75 FR 39392 (Jul. 8, 2010).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. Request for Comment
A. Creditworthiness Standards
In response to the mandate in Section 939A of Dodd-Frank, we are
considering alternative standards of creditworthiness. Alternative
standards could be developed by the regulator, the regulated entity, or
some third party that is not an NRSRO. In practice, all three groups
may play a role. We seek comments on the roles best played by each
party. To be effective, creditworthiness standards should be based on
readily available objective data and calculated using transparent
methodologies and assumptions. In addition, effective creditworthiness
standards should lead diverse raters to assign similar assets to
similar risk categories.
In evaluating any standard of creditworthiness, we will seek, to
the extent practical, and consistent with other objectives, to follow
these principles:
Foster prudent risk management by System institutions;
Ensure that creditworthiness standards for securities and
money-market instruments are consistent across all types of financial
institutions and over time;
Be transparent;
Appropriately distinguish the credit risk associated with
a particular exposure within an asset class;
Provide for the timely and accurate measurement of changes
in creditworthiness or investment quality over time;
Allow for adequate supervisory review; and
Be cost-efficient and strike an appropriate balance
between the benefits resulting from increased accuracy of credit risk
assessments and the costs of implementation.
Question 1: The FCA seeks comment on the principles that should
guide the Agency's formulation of creditworthiness standards. What core
principles would be most important and appropriate in FCA's development
of new standards of creditworthiness? Do the principles delineated
above capture the appropriate elements of sound creditworthiness
standards? How could such principles be strengthened?
Question 2: How can we assure ratings consistency over time, across
System institutions, and maintain consistency with the ratings of
similar assets by commercial banks and other capital market
participants? Should the creditworthiness standards developed for
regulatory capital purposes be the same as those developed for
regulation of the investment management or liquidity activities of FCS
institutions?
B. Alignment of Creditworthiness Standards With the Other Federal
Financial Regulators
In response to the mandate of section 939A of Dodd-Frank, OFFRs
have issued ANPRMs or proposed rulemakings seeking comment on credit-
rating alternatives. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation, and the Office of Thrift Supervision issued a
joint ANPRM in August 2010.\9\ The National Credit Union Administration
(NCUA) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in March 2011.\10\ The
Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) issued an ANPRM in January
2011.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ See 75 FR 52283 (Aug. 25, 2010).
\10\ See 76 FR 11164 (Mar. 1, 2011).
\11\ See 76 FR 5292 (Jan. 31, 2011).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 3: Should the FCA seek to be consistent with the standards
of creditworthiness developed by OFFRs?
C. Assignment of Risk Weights
One way to eliminate references to credit ratings in our capital
regulations would be to assign risk weights using broad measures of
creditworthiness. For example, our current regulations assign risk
weights to certain sovereign and bank exposures according to whether or
not the sovereign is a member of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development. This approach is simple to apply but
provides little distinction among risks in this asset class.
Alternatively, we could assign risk weights using more specific
measures. For example, we could assign risk weights using defined
benchmark securities, such as comparable maturity U.S. Treasury
securities, or using obligor-specific financial data such as debt-to-
equity ratios. This approach could be more risk-sensitive but also
require more effort.
Question 4: We seek comments on the benefits and drawbacks of
assigning assets to risk-weighting categories based broadly on the type
of obligor (such as sovereign, agency, municipal, or corporate), or
based more specifically on characteristics of the instrument itself
(such as collateral, tenor, spread to a benchmark, or some other
evidence of marketability).
We must also eliminate use of credit ratings in our capital
regulations for securitization exposures. One approach might be to
require dollar-for-dollar capital on any exposure that does not meet
stringent criteria for collateralization and marketability. For
example, we could assign a risk weight to a senior-most tranche but
require dollar-for-dollar capital for all other tranches in that
security. Other approaches suggested by OFFRs would use some type of
``gross up'' treatment or other specific criteria to determine the risk
weight of the exposure.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ See 75 FR 52283 (Aug. 25, 2010).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 5: How should the FCA risk-weight structured securities,
derivatives, and other exposures such as recourse obligations, direct
credit substitutes and residual interests?
D. Internal Ratings-Based Models and the Use of Third Parties
One way to eliminate reliance on NRSRO ratings would be to require
FCS institutions to develop internal risk exposure methodologies for
making creditworthiness determinations for certain exposures. In some
cases, FCS institutions may need to contract with third parties to
obtain quantitative data, such as probabilities of default, as part of
their internal process for making such determinations. Also, FCS
institutions could continue to use the opinions of external experts as
an element in assessing creditworthiness. Regardless of the approach we
adopt, we would establish criteria to ensure that the methodology
employed is consistent with safe and sound banking practices.
Question 6: Should each System bank be required to develop its own
risk exposure methodology? Should each association be required to
develop its own risk exposure methodology? If so, how should the FCA
assure consistency
[[Page 53346]]
across the individual methodologies? How would the FCS prepare its
quarterly and annual reports to investors? Should System banks be
required to develop a common risk exposure methodology?
Question 7: Are there certain types of assets that would require
the use of a third party to provide data to FCS institutions as part of
their internal process for making creditworthiness determinations? How
could the use of third-party service providers be implemented to ensure
quality, transparency, and consistency? What role should third-party
assessors be allowed to play in determining creditworthiness? We seek
comments on the roles best played by each party.
E. Burden
Developing alternative measures of creditworthiness will likely
require significant initial and ongoing costs. Accordingly, we are
seeking comment on the burden--both financial and operational--that
various alternative approaches to developing such standards might
entail.
Dated: August 18, 2011.
Mary Alice Donner,
Acting Secretary, Farm Credit Administration Board.
[FR Doc. 2011-21659 Filed 8-25-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6705-01-P