Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; American Samoa Longline Gear Modifications To Reduce Turtle Interactions, 52888-52889 [2011-21655]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 164 (Wednesday, August 24, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 52888-52889]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-21655]



[[Page 52888]]

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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 665

[Docket No. 100218104-1485-02]
RIN 0648-AY27


Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; American Samoa Longline Gear 
Modifications To Reduce Turtle Interactions

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule requires specific gear configuration for pelagic 
longline fishing in the South Pacific. The requirements apply to U.S. 
vessels longer than 40 ft (12.2 m) while fishing south of the Equator, 
and include minimum float line and branch line lengths, number of hooks 
between floats, and distance between floats and adjacent hooks. The 
rule also limits the number of swordfish taken. The action is intended 
to ensure that longline hooks fish deeper than 100 meters (m) to reduce 
interactions with Pacific green sea turtles. This final rule also makes 
administrative clarifications to the names of several tunas and 
marlins.

DATES: This final rule is effective September 23, 2011.

ADDRESSES: The Western Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) 
prepared Amendment 5 to the Fishery Ecosystem Plan for Pelagic 
Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region (Pelagics FEP), including an 
environmental assessment, that presents background information on this 
rule. The Pelagics FEP and Amendment 5 are available from the Council, 
1164 Bishop St., Suite 1400, Honolulu, HI 96813, tel 808-522-8220, fax 
808-522-8226, https://www.wpcouncil.org.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Adam Bailey, Sustainable Fisheries 
Division, NMFS PIR, 808-944-2248.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. pelagic longline fishery based in 
American Samoa targets albacore for canning in Pago Pago, and also 
catches skipjack, yellowfin, and bigeye tunas, and other pelagic fish. 
The fishery interacts with (hooks or entangles) Pacific green sea 
turtles, which are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species 
Act (ESA). Most of the turtle interactions occur in waters shallower 
than 100 m, and most are fatal. To reduce these interactions, the 
Council recommended in Amendment 5 that NMFS require fishermen on 
American Samoa longline vessels and other U.S. longline vessels that 
fish south of the Equator to configure their fishing gear so that 
longline hooks are set to fish deeper than 100 meters, away from the 
primary turtle habitat. Accordingly, this final rule requires fishermen 
on vessels longer than 40 ft to use float lines that are at least 30 
meters long, and maintain a distance between float lines and adjacent 
branch lines with hooks of at least 70 meters. Fishermen on these 
longer vessels are required to deploy at least 15 branch lines between 
floats. The possession or landing of more than 10 swordfish, which tend 
to inhabit near-surface waters, is prohibited as another means of 
discouraging shallow longlining.
    Another requirement was not part of Amendment 5. In a September 16, 
2010, Biological Opinion resulting from ESA Section 7 consultation, 
NMFS issued a requirement that each branch line (connected to the main 
line and terminating in a single baited hook) be at least 10 meters 
long to help ensure that hooks fish deeper than 100 m from the surface. 
This final rule implements that requirement.
    This final rule also makes administrative clarifications to the 
names of several tuna and marlin species caught in western Pacific 
pelagic fisheries.

Comments and Responses

    On June 7, 2011, NMFS published a proposed rule and request for 
public comments (76 FR 32929); the comment ended on July 22, 2011. 
Additional background information on this final rule is found in the 
preamble to the proposed rule and is not repeated here. NMFS responds 
to comments, as follows.
    Comment 1: The use of short float lines or branch lines to catch 
swordfish should be prohibited to facilitate enforcement.
    Response: NMFS agrees and, thus, both the proposed rule and this 
final rule require U.S. longline vessels fishing south of the Equator 
to use float lines at least 30 m long and branch lines at least 10 m 
long to reduce interactions with Pacific green sea turtles. Because 
swordfish typically are caught near the surface, the gear requirements 
will discourage shallow longline fishing for swordfish, resulting in 
additional protection for turtles. NMFS is also limiting the number of 
swordfish that can be retained on a longline vessel to 10 to further 
discourage shallow longline fishing.
    Comment 2: One commenter asked if the rule would allow fishermen to 
shorten float lines by tying knots in the lines.
    Response: The rule requires float lines to be at least 30 m long. 
Although a fisherman could shorten a float line by, for example, tying 
knots in the line, NMFS clarifies that the requirement is for the float 
line to be at least 30 m long while deployed. Float lines must not be 
shortened so their effective length when deployed is less than 30 m. 
This is part of the overall gear configuration that is intended to have 
the hooks fish deeper than 100 m, and shortening a float line could 
result in hooks fishing shallower than 100 m, with a resulting increase 
in risk to turtles.
    Comment 3: Small longline vessels (Class A, 40 ft (12.2 m) and 
shorter), which are not included in this action, might be interacting 
with turtles.
    Response: There is little information on interactions between these 
smaller longline vessels (alia) and sea turtles. From 1990-2002, the 
Secretariat of the Pacific Community (then the South Pacific 
Commission) deployed observers on alia in (Western, or independent) 
Samoa; during this time, no sea turtle interactions were observed. In 
2003-04, data collectors aboard a high-producing alia in American Samoa 
also reported no interactions with sea turtles, seabirds, or marine 
mammals. To date, only one sea turtle interaction has been reported in 
the American Samoa alia fishery, and this was with a leatherback sea 
turtle.
    Class A vessels are small and the fishing gear is technologically 
simple. Thus, the float line length requirement may be unduly 
burdensome and restrict a vessel's fishing operations. Few alia have 
been operational in recent years, with no expected change. Two alia 
operated in 2007 and only one fished in 2008-09. If the Class A fishery 
becomes more active, or if these small vessels are found to interact 
with turtles, the Council and NMFS may revisit management of Class A 
vessels.

Changes From the Proposed Rule

    There are no changes in the final rule.

Classification

    The Administrator, Pacific Islands Region, NMFS, determined that 
Pelagic FEP Amendment 5 is necessary for the conservation and 
management of the pelagic longline fishery and that it is consistent 
with the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act and 
other applicable laws.
    The Chief Council for Regulation of the Department of Commerce 
certified to the Chief Council for Advocacy of the

[[Page 52889]]

Small Business Administration during the proposed rule stage that this 
action would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities. The factual basis for the certification was 
published in the proposed rule and is not repeated here. No comments 
were received regarding this certification. As a result, a regulatory 
flexibility analysis was not required and none was prepared.
    This final rule has been determined to be not significant for 
purposes of Executive Order 12866.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 665

    Administrative practice and procedure, American Samoa, Fisheries, 
Fishing, Sea turtles.

    Dated: August 19, 2011.
 Eric C. Schwaab,
Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries 
Service.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, 50 CFR part 665 is amended 
as follows:

PART 665--FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC

0
1. The authority citation for part 665 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.

0
2. In Sec.  665.800, add the definitions of ``Branch line'' and ``Float 
line'' in alphabetical order, and in the definition of ``Western 
Pacific pelagic management unit species'' remove the entries for 
``northern bluefin tuna'' and ``Indo-Pacific blue marlin,'' revise the 
scientific names for ``black marlin'' and ``striped marlin,'' and add 
new entries for ``Pacific bluefin tuna'' and ``Pacific blue marlin,'' 
to read as follows:


Sec.  665.800   Definitions.

* * * * *
    Branch line (or dropper line) means a line with a hook that is 
attached to the mainline.
* * * * *
    Float line means a line attached to a mainline used to buoy, or 
suspend, the mainline in the water column.
* * * * *
    Western Pacific pelagic management unit species means the following 
species:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         English common name                    Scientific name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tunas:
 
                              * * * * * * *
  Pacific bluefin tuna...............  Thunnus orientalis
 
                              * * * * * * *
Billfishes:
  Black marlin.......................  Istiompax indica
  Striped marlin.....................  Kajikia audax
  Pacific blue marlin................  Makaira nigricans
 
                              * * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
3. In Sec.  665.802, add a new paragraph (n) to read as follows:


Sec.  665.802   Prohibitions.

* * * * *
    (n) Fail to comply with a term or condition governing longline gear 
configuration in Sec.  665.813(k) if using a vessel longer than 40 ft 
(12.2 m) registered for use with any valid longline permit issued 
pursuant to Sec.  665.801 to fish for western Pacific pelagic MUS using 
longline gear south of the Equator (0[deg] lat.).
* * * * *

0
4. In Sec.  665.813, add a new paragraph (k) to read as follows:


Sec.  665.813   Western Pacific longline fishing restrictions.

* * * * *
    (k) When fishing south of the Equator (0[deg] lat.) for western 
Pacific pelagic MUS, owners and operators of vessels longer than 40 ft 
(12.2 m) registered for use with any valid longline permit issued 
pursuant to Sec.  665.801 must use longline gear that is configured 
according to the requirements in paragraphs (k)(1) through (k)(5) of 
this section.
    (1) Each float line must be at least 30 m long.
    (2) At least 15 branch lines must be attached to the mainline 
between any two float lines attached to the mainline.
    (3) Each branch line must be at least 10 meters long.
    (4) No branch line may be attached to the mainline closer than 70 
meters to any float line.
    (5) No more than 10 swordfish may be possessed or landed during a 
single fishing trip.

[FR Doc. 2011-21655 Filed 8-23-11; 8:45 am]
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