Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review; Comment Request; Comparing Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among English-Dominant Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant Hispanics, and Other Consumers, 52665-52667 [2011-21485]
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 163 / Tuesday, August 23, 2011 / Notices
appropriate for use in the development
of RELs? What is the utility of a
standard ’’action level’’ (i.e., an
exposure limit set below the REL
typically used to trigger risk
management actions) and how should it
be set? How should NIOSH address
worker exposure to complex mixtures?
NIOSH
and stakeholders have expressed
concerns recently about limitations in
the NIOSH Carcinogen Policy,
prompting NIOSH to initiate a review of
the carcinogen policy in 2010. A major
limitation in the policy is the use of the
term ‘‘Potential Occupational
Carcinogen’’ which dates to the 1980
OSHA hazard classification for
carcinogens outlined in 29 CFR
1990.103 and is defined as ‘‘* * * any
substance, or combination or mixture of
substances, which causes an increased
incidence of benign and/or malignant
neoplasms, or a substantial decrease in
the latency period between exposure
and onset of neoplasms in humans or in
one or more experimental mammalian
species as the result of any oral,
respiratory or dermal exposure, or any
other exposure which results in the
induction of tumors at a site other than
the site of administration. This
definition also includes any substance
which is metabolized into one or more
potential occupational carcinogens by
mammals.’’ A major limitation of this
definition is that the policy allows for
only one cancer category, which is
‘‘potential occupational carcinogen.’’
The adjective ‘‘potential’’ conveys
uncertainty that is not warranted with
many carcinogens such as asbestos,
benzene, and others. This policy does
not allow for classification on the basis
of the magnitude and sufficiency of the
scientific evidence. In contrast, other
organizations, such as the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
and the National Toxicology Program
(NTP) allow for a more differential
classification.
The revision of the NIOSH Carcinogen
Policy also coincides with the
international realization that there is a
need for more efficient and quicker
means of classifying chemicals.
Qualitative and semi-quantitative
approaches such as hazard banding are
increasingly being investigated as a
means of addressing the vast numbers of
unregulated chemicals. NIOSH has been
in collaboration with various
organizations to consider utilizing
hazard banding approaches to control
chemicals. This will also be reflected in
the review of the carcinogen and RELs
policies.
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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This Federal Register notice serves to
provide stakeholders and the public an
opportunity for input on the revision of
the NIOSH Carcinogen and REL
Policies. It is anticipated that NIOSH
will develop a report on the revised
NIOSH Carcinogen and REL Policies to
be made available in the Spring of 2012.
Additional information regarding
NIOSH plans to assess and revise the
Carcinogen and REL Policy can be
found in the April 2011 NIOSH e-news
at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/enews/
enewsV8N12.html and on the NIOSH
Cancer and REL Policy Web Topic Page
[see https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/
cancer/policy.html].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: T.J.
Lentz, telephone (513) 533–8260, or
Faye Rice, telephone (513) 533–8335,
NIOSH, MS–C32, Robert A. Taft
Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45226.
Dated: August 12, 2011.
John Howard,
Director, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention.
[FR Doc. 2011–21405 Filed 8–22–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4163–19–P
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. FDA–2011–N–0129]
Agency Information Collection
Activities; Submission for Office of
Management and Budget Review;
Comment Request; Comparing
Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and
Behavior Among English-Dominant
Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant
Hispanics, and Other Consumers
AGENCY:
Food and Drug Administration,
HHS.
ACTION:
Notice.
The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) is announcing
that a proposed collection of
information has been submitted to the
Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) for review and clearance under
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
DATES: Fax written comments on the
collection of information by September
22, 2011.
ADDRESSES: To ensure that comments on
the information collection are received,
OMB recommends that written
comments be faxed to the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs,
OMB, Attn: FDA Desk Officer, FAX:
202–395–7285, or e-mailed to
SUMMARY:
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 4703
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52665
oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. All
comments should be identified with the
OMB control number 0910–New and
title ‘‘Comparing Nutrition Knowledge,
Attitude, and Behavior Among EnglishDominant Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant
Hispanics, and Other Consumers.’’ Also
include the FDA docket number found
in brackets in the heading of this
document.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Denver Presley, Office of Information
Management, Food and Drug
Administration, 1350 Piccard Dr., PI50–
400B, Rockville, MD 20850, 301–796–
3793.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In
compliance with 44 U.S.C. 3507, FDA
has submitted the following proposed
collection of information to OMB for
review and clearance.
Comparing Nutrition Knowledge,
Attitude, and Behavior Among EnglishDominant Hispanics, SpanishDominant Hispanics, and Other
Consumers—(OMB Control Number
0910–NEW)
I. Background
Recent estimates suggest that
Hispanics (defined as those who
identify themselves as of Hispanic or
Latino origin) are the largest and fastest
growing minority group in the nation;
the proportion of the U.S. population
that was Hispanic was 14 percent in
2005 and is projected to increase to 29
percent in 2050 (Ref. 1).
Data from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate
that, in 2005 and 2006, 34.3 percent and
32.7 percent of the U.S. adult
population are obese and overweight,
respectively (Ref. 2). According to CDC,
Hispanics had 21 percent higher obesity
prevalence than Whites in 2008 (Ref. 3).
CDC data also indicate variations in
prevalence of obesity among adults of
different race-gender groups; for
example, during 2006 through 2008,
non-Hispanic Blacks had the greatest
prevalence of obesity (35.7 percent),
followed by Hispanics (28.7 percent),
and non-Hispanic Whites (23.7 percent);
non-Hispanic Black women had the
greatest prevalence (39.2 percent),
followed by non-Hispanic Black men
(31.6 percent), Hispanic women (29.4
percent), Hispanic men (27.8 percent),
non-Hispanic White men (25.4 percent),
and non-Hispanic White women (21.8
percent) (Ref. 3).
While some Hispanics living in the
United States use the English language
exclusively or more often than Spanish
(English-dominant Hispanics), other
U.S. Hispanics predominantly use the
Spanish language in their daily lives
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 163 / Tuesday, August 23, 2011 / Notices
(Spanish-dominant Hispanics) (Ref. 4).
Since most U.S. food labels are in
English, Spanish-dominant Hispanics’
understanding and use of food labels
may differ from that of Englishdominant Hispanics and of nonHispanics who use English exclusively.
In addition, both English-dominant
Hispanics and Spanish-dominant
Hispanics may have different
awareness, perceptions, and behaviors
than English-speaking non-Hispanics on
issues of health, nutrition, and food
consumption (Refs. 5 through 8).
Existing research suggests that, in
addition to language and other
demographic differences, acculturation
is an important factor associated with
individual differences in dietary and
public health-related perceptions,
attitudes, and behaviors among
Hispanics. Acculturation is defined as
the change in behavior and values by
immigrants when they come in contact
with a new group, nation, or culture
(Ref. 9). Immigrants may possess
different degrees of acculturation,
depending on the time of migration and
other factors, such as the dominant
culture of the neighborhoods where they
live and work and type of education
received (Refs. 10 and 11). Hence,
variation in the degree of acculturation
can lead to differences in lifestyle and
behaviors, including behaviors related
to dietary choices and to use and
understanding of nutrition information
on food labels, because of English
proficiency and degree of assimilation
into the values, lifestyles, and diets
prevalent in this country. The existing
research has shown the influence of
acculturation on Hispanics’ perceptions,
attitudes, and behaviors relating to
public health factors including dietary
practices, nutrition, the health practices
of pregnant women, obesity, coronary
heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, alcohol
consumption, and smoking behavior (for
example, Refs. 10 and 12 through 21).
FDA needs an understanding of how
different population groups perceive
and behave in terms of food label
understanding and use, nutrition, and
health to inform possible measures that
the Agency may take to help consumers
make informed dietary choices. FDA is
aware of no consumer research on a
nationwide level of the impact of
language and acculturation on
Hispanics’ dietary choices and label use.
This study is intended to provide
answers to research questions such as
whether and how much Spanishdominant Hispanics, English-dominant
Hispanics, and English-speaking nonHispanics differ in their knowledge,
attitude, and behavior toward food label
use, nutrition, and health among three
population groups and the role that
demographic and other factors may play
in any differences.
The proposed study will use a Webbased survey to collect information from
2,400 adult members in online
consumer panels maintained by a
contractor. The study plans to randomly
select 800 members into each of three
groups: Spanish-dominant Hispanics,
English-dominant Hispanics, and
English-speaking non-Hispanics. Either
an English or a Spanish questionnaire
will be used, as appropriate. The study
plans to include topics such as: (1)
Nutrition and health; (2) use and
understanding of food labels and
labeling information; (3) degree of
capacity to understand and use health
information; and (4) levels of
acculturation among Hispanic
respondents as measured by a Hispanic
acculturation scale that is widely used
in social science research (Ref. 22). To
help understand the data, the study will
also collect information on participants’
background, including, but not limited
to, health status and demographic
characteristics, such as age, gender,
education, and income.
The study is part of the Agency’s
continuing effort to enable consumers to
make informed dietary choices and
construct healthful diets. The results of
the study will not be used to develop
population estimates. The results of the
study will be used for informing
possible measures that the Agency may
take to help consumers make informed
dietary choices.
To help design and refine the
questionnaire, we plan to conduct
cognitive interviews by screening 72
adult panelists in order to obtain 9
participants in the interviews. Each
screening is expected to take 5 minutes
(0.083 hour) and each cognitive
interview is expected to take 0.5 hour.
The total for cognitive interview
activities is 11 hours (6 hours + 5
hours). Subsequently, we plan to
conduct two waves of pretests of the
questionnaire before it is administered
in the study. We expect that 360
invitations, each taking 2 minutes (0.033
hour), will need to be sent to adult
members of the online consumer panels
to have 180 of them complete a 15minute (0.25 hour) pretest. The total for
the pretest activities is 57 hours (12
hours + 45 hours). For the survey, we
estimate that 4,800 invitations, each
taking 2 minutes (0.033 hour) to
complete, will need to be sent to adult
members of the online consumer panels
to have 2,400 of them complete a 15minute (0.25 hour) questionnaire. The
total for the survey activities is 758
hours (158 hours + 600 hours). Thus,
the total estimated burden is 826 hours.
This estimate is 496 hours lower than
the 1,322 hours published in the 60-day
notice and reflects 20 fewer hours for
pretest invitation and 476 fewer hours
for survey invitation. Recent evidence
available to the Agency suggests the
study will not need to send as many
invitations as originally estimated to
achieve its target sample sizes in pretest
and survey. FDA’s burden estimate is
based on prior experience with research
that is similar to this proposed study.
In the Federal Register of March 14,
2011 (76 FR 13626), FDA published a
60-day notice requesting public
comment on the proposed collection of
information. No comments were
received.
FDA estimates the burden of this
collection of information as follows:
TABLE 1—ESTIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN 1
Number of
respondents
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
Activity
Number of
responses per
respondent
Average
burden per
response
Total annual
responses
Total hours
Cognitive interview screener ...............................................
Cognitive interview ..............................................................
Pretest invitation ..................................................................
Pretest .................................................................................
Survey invitation ..................................................................
Survey ..................................................................................
72
9
360
180
4,800
2,400
1
1
1
1
1
1
72
9
360
180
4,800
2,400
0.083 (5 min.)
0.5 (30 min.) ..
0.033 (2 min.)
0.25 (15 min.)
0.033 (2 min.)
0.25 (15 min.)
6
5
12
45
158
600
Total ..............................................................................
........................
........................
........................
........................
826
1 There
are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of information.
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II. References
The following references have been
placed on display in the Division of
Dockets Management (HFA–305), Food
and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers
Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852,
and may be seen by interested persons
between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday
through Friday. (FDA has verified the
Web site addresses but is not
responsible for any subsequent changes
to the Web site after this document
publishes in the Federal Register.)
1. Passel, J.S. and C. D’Vera, ‘‘U.S.
Population Projections: 2005–2050,’’ Pew
Research Center, Washington, DC, February
11, 2008, (https://pewhispanic.org/files/
reports/85.pdf).
2. CDC, ‘‘Prevalence of Overweight,
Obesity, and Extreme Obesity Among Adults:
United States, Trends 1976–80 Through
2005–2006,’’ December 2008, (https://
www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/overweight/
overweight_adult.pdf).
3. CDC, ‘‘Differences in Prevalence of
Obesity Among Black, White, and Hispanic
Adults—United States, 2006–2008,’’
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,
58(27):740–744, July 17, 2009, (https://
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/
mm5827a2.htm).
4. CDC, ‘‘Health Disparities Experienced by
Hispanics—United States,’’ Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, 53(40):935–937,
October 15, 2004, (https://www.cdc.gov/
mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5340a1.htm).
5. National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute, ‘‘Epidemiologic Research in
Hispanic Populations: Opportunities,
Barriers and Solutions,’’ December 3, 2003,
(https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/
workshops/hispanic.htm).
6. Information Resources, Inc., ‘‘Times &
Trends: Hispanic Consumers—Capturing
CPG Market Potential,’’ April 2008, (https://
www.symphonyiri.com/portals/0/articlePdfs/
TT_April_2008_Hispanic_Consumers.pdf).
7. Yang, S., M.G. Leff, D. McTague, et al.,
‘‘Multistate Surveillance for Food-Handling,
Preparation, and Consumption Behaviors
Associated With Foodborne Diseases: 1995
and 1996 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
Systems Food-Safety Questions,’’ Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report, 47(SS–4):33–
54, September 11, 1998, (https://www.cdc.gov/
mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054714.htm).
8. Lin, C.-T.J. and S.T. Yen, ‘‘Knowledge of
Dietary Fats Among U.S. Consumers,’’
Journal of the American Dietetic Association,
110(4):613–618, April 2010.
9. Marin, G., F. Sabogal, B.V. Marin, et al.,
‘‘Development of a Short Acculturation Scale
for Hispanics,’’ Hispanic Journal of
Behavioral Sciences, 9(2):183–205, 1987.
10. Satia-About, J., R.E. Patterson, M.L.
Neuhouser, et al., ‘‘Dietary Acculturation:
Applications to Nutrition Research and
Dietetics,’’ Journal of the American Dietetic
Association, 102(8):1105–1118, August 2002.
11. Lin, H., O.I. Bermudez, and K.L.
Tucker, ‘‘Dietary Patterns of Hispanic Elders
Are Associated With Acculturation and
Obesity,’’ Journal of Nutrition, 133:3651–
3657, 2003.
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16:33 Aug 22, 2011
Jkt 223001
12. Otero-Sabogal, R., F. Sabogal, E.J.
´
Perez-Stable, et al., ‘‘Dietary Practices,
Alcohol Consumption, and Smoking
Behavior: Ethnic, Sex, and Acculturation
Differences,’’ Journal of National Cancer
Institute Monograph, 18:73–82, 1995.
13. Lara, M., C. Gamboa, M.I.
Kahramanian, et al., ‘‘Acculturation and
Latino Health in the United States: A Review
of the Literature and its Sociopolitical
Context,’’ Annual Review of Public Health,
26:367–397, 2005.
14. Winkleby, M.A., S.P. Fortmann, and B.
Rockhill, ‘‘Health-Related Risk Factors in a
Sample of Hispanics and Whites Matched on
Sociodemographic Characteristics: The
Stanford Five-City Project,’’ American
Journal of Epidemiology 137(12):1365–1375,
1993.
15. Byrd, T.L., H. Balcazar, and R.A.
Hummer, ‘‘Acculturation and Breast-Feeding
Intention and Practice in Hispanic Women
on the U.S.-Mexico Border,’’ Ethnicity &
Disease, 11(1):72–79, 2001.
16. Cobas, J.A., H. Balcazar, M.B. Benin, et
al., ‘‘Acculturation and Low-Birthweight
Infants Among Latino Women: A Reanalysis
of Hispanic Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey Data With Structural
Equation Models,’’ American Journal of
Public Health, 86(3):394–396, 1996.
17. Dixon, L.B., J. Sundquist, and M.
Winkleby, ‘‘Differences in Energy, Nutrient,
and Food Intakes in a U.S. Sample of
Mexican-American Women and Men:
Findings From the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994,’’
American Journal of Epidemiology,
152(6):548–557, 2000.
18. Khan, L.K., J. Sobal, and R. Martorell,
‘‘Acculturation, Socioeconomic Status, and
Obesity in Mexican Americans, Cuban
Americans, and Puerto Ricans,’’ International
Journal of Obesity, 21(2):91–96, 1997.
19. Markides, K.S., D.J. Lee, and L.A. Ray,
‘‘Acculturation and Hypertension in Mexican
Americans,’’ Ethnicity & Disease, 3:70–74,
1993.
20. Stern, M.P., C. Gonzalez, B.D. Mitchell,
et al., ‘‘Genetic and Environmental
Determinants of Type II Diabetes in Mexico
City and San Antonio,’’ Diabetes, 41(4):484–
492, 1992.
21. Sundquist, J., and M.A. Winkleby,
‘‘Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Mexican
American Adults: A Transcultural Analysis
of National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey III, 1988–1994,’’
American Journal of Public Health,
89(5):723–730, 1999.
22. Thomson, M.D., and L. Hoffman-Goetz,
‘‘Defining and Measuring Acculturation: A
Systematic Review of Public Health Studies
With Hispanic Population in the United
States,’’ Social Science & Medicine, 69:983–
991, 2009.
Dated: August 18, 2011.
David Dorsey,
Acting Associate Commissioner for Policy and
Planning.
[FR Doc. 2011–21485 Filed 8–22–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4160–01–P
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. FDA–2008–D–0386]
International Conference on
Harmonisation; Guidance on E2F
Development Safety Update Report;
Availability
AGENCY:
Food and Drug Administration,
HHS.
ACTION:
Notice.
The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) is announcing the
availability of a guidance entitled ‘‘E2F
Development Safety Update Report.’’
The guidance was prepared under the
auspices of the International Conference
on Harmonisation of Technical
Requirements for Registration of
Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH).
The guidance describes the format,
content, and timing of a development
safety update report (DSUR) for an
investigational drug. The DSUR will
serve as a common standard for periodic
reporting on drugs under development
(including marketed drugs that are
under further study) among the ICH
regions. The DSUR can be submitted in
the United States in place of an annual
report for an investigational new drug
application (IND). The harmonized
DSUR is intended to promote a
consistent approach to annual clinical
safety reporting among the ICH regions
and enhance efficiency by reducing the
number of reports generated for
submission to the regulatory authorities.
DATES: Submit either electronic or
written comments on Agency guidances
at any time.
ADDRESSES: Submit written requests for
single copies of the guidance to the
Division of Drug Information, Center for
Drug Evaluation and Research, Food
and Drug Administration, 10903 New
Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 51, rm. 2201,
Silver Spring, MD 20993–0002, or the
Office of Communication, Outreach and
Development (HFM–40), Center for
Biologics Evaluation and Research,
Food and Drug Administration, 1401
Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852–
1448. Send one self-addressed adhesive
label to assist the office in processing
your requests. The guidance may also be
obtained by mail by calling the Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research at
1–800–835–4709 or 301–827–1800. See
the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section
for electronic access to the guidance
document.
Submit electronic comments on the
guidance to https://www.regulations.gov.
SUMMARY:
E:\FR\FM\23AUN1.SGM
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 163 (Tuesday, August 23, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 52665-52667]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-21485]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0129]
Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office
of Management and Budget Review; Comment Request; Comparing Nutrition
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among English-Dominant Hispanics,
Spanish-Dominant Hispanics, and Other Consumers
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing that a
proposed collection of information has been submitted to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) for review and clearance under the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
DATES: Fax written comments on the collection of information by
September 22, 2011.
ADDRESSES: To ensure that comments on the information collection are
received, OMB recommends that written comments be faxed to the Office
of Information and Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attn: FDA Desk Officer,
FAX: 202-395-7285, or e-mailed to oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. All
comments should be identified with the OMB control number 0910-New and
title ``Comparing Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among
English-Dominant Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant Hispanics, and Other
Consumers.'' Also include the FDA docket number found in brackets in
the heading of this document.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Denver Presley, Office of Information
Management, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Dr., PI50-400B,
Rockville, MD 20850, 301-796-3793.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In compliance with 44 U.S.C. 3507, FDA has
submitted the following proposed collection of information to OMB for
review and clearance.
Comparing Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among English-
Dominant Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant Hispanics, and Other Consumers--
(OMB Control Number 0910-NEW)
I. Background
Recent estimates suggest that Hispanics (defined as those who
identify themselves as of Hispanic or Latino origin) are the largest
and fastest growing minority group in the nation; the proportion of the
U.S. population that was Hispanic was 14 percent in 2005 and is
projected to increase to 29 percent in 2050 (Ref. 1).
Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
indicate that, in 2005 and 2006, 34.3 percent and 32.7 percent of the
U.S. adult population are obese and overweight, respectively (Ref. 2).
According to CDC, Hispanics had 21 percent higher obesity prevalence
than Whites in 2008 (Ref. 3). CDC data also indicate variations in
prevalence of obesity among adults of different race-gender groups; for
example, during 2006 through 2008, non-Hispanic Blacks had the greatest
prevalence of obesity (35.7 percent), followed by Hispanics (28.7
percent), and non-Hispanic Whites (23.7 percent); non-Hispanic Black
women had the greatest prevalence (39.2 percent), followed by non-
Hispanic Black men (31.6 percent), Hispanic women (29.4 percent),
Hispanic men (27.8 percent), non-Hispanic White men (25.4 percent), and
non-Hispanic White women (21.8 percent) (Ref. 3).
While some Hispanics living in the United States use the English
language exclusively or more often than Spanish (English-dominant
Hispanics), other U.S. Hispanics predominantly use the Spanish language
in their daily lives
[[Page 52666]]
(Spanish-dominant Hispanics) (Ref. 4). Since most U.S. food labels are
in English, Spanish-dominant Hispanics' understanding and use of food
labels may differ from that of English-dominant Hispanics and of non-
Hispanics who use English exclusively. In addition, both English-
dominant Hispanics and Spanish-dominant Hispanics may have different
awareness, perceptions, and behaviors than English-speaking non-
Hispanics on issues of health, nutrition, and food consumption (Refs. 5
through 8).
Existing research suggests that, in addition to language and other
demographic differences, acculturation is an important factor
associated with individual differences in dietary and public health-
related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors among Hispanics.
Acculturation is defined as the change in behavior and values by
immigrants when they come in contact with a new group, nation, or
culture (Ref. 9). Immigrants may possess different degrees of
acculturation, depending on the time of migration and other factors,
such as the dominant culture of the neighborhoods where they live and
work and type of education received (Refs. 10 and 11). Hence, variation
in the degree of acculturation can lead to differences in lifestyle and
behaviors, including behaviors related to dietary choices and to use
and understanding of nutrition information on food labels, because of
English proficiency and degree of assimilation into the values,
lifestyles, and diets prevalent in this country. The existing research
has shown the influence of acculturation on Hispanics' perceptions,
attitudes, and behaviors relating to public health factors including
dietary practices, nutrition, the health practices of pregnant women,
obesity, coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption,
and smoking behavior (for example, Refs. 10 and 12 through 21).
FDA needs an understanding of how different population groups
perceive and behave in terms of food label understanding and use,
nutrition, and health to inform possible measures that the Agency may
take to help consumers make informed dietary choices. FDA is aware of
no consumer research on a nationwide level of the impact of language
and acculturation on Hispanics' dietary choices and label use. This
study is intended to provide answers to research questions such as
whether and how much Spanish-dominant Hispanics, English-dominant
Hispanics, and English-speaking non-Hispanics differ in their
knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward food label use, nutrition, and
health among three population groups and the role that demographic and
other factors may play in any differences.
The proposed study will use a Web-based survey to collect
information from 2,400 adult members in online consumer panels
maintained by a contractor. The study plans to randomly select 800
members into each of three groups: Spanish-dominant Hispanics, English-
dominant Hispanics, and English-speaking non-Hispanics. Either an
English or a Spanish questionnaire will be used, as appropriate. The
study plans to include topics such as: (1) Nutrition and health; (2)
use and understanding of food labels and labeling information; (3)
degree of capacity to understand and use health information; and (4)
levels of acculturation among Hispanic respondents as measured by a
Hispanic acculturation scale that is widely used in social science
research (Ref. 22). To help understand the data, the study will also
collect information on participants' background, including, but not
limited to, health status and demographic characteristics, such as age,
gender, education, and income.
The study is part of the Agency's continuing effort to enable
consumers to make informed dietary choices and construct healthful
diets. The results of the study will not be used to develop population
estimates. The results of the study will be used for informing possible
measures that the Agency may take to help consumers make informed
dietary choices.
To help design and refine the questionnaire, we plan to conduct
cognitive interviews by screening 72 adult panelists in order to obtain
9 participants in the interviews. Each screening is expected to take 5
minutes (0.083 hour) and each cognitive interview is expected to take
0.5 hour. The total for cognitive interview activities is 11 hours (6
hours + 5 hours). Subsequently, we plan to conduct two waves of
pretests of the questionnaire before it is administered in the study.
We expect that 360 invitations, each taking 2 minutes (0.033 hour),
will need to be sent to adult members of the online consumer panels to
have 180 of them complete a 15-minute (0.25 hour) pretest. The total
for the pretest activities is 57 hours (12 hours + 45 hours). For the
survey, we estimate that 4,800 invitations, each taking 2 minutes
(0.033 hour) to complete, will need to be sent to adult members of the
online consumer panels to have 2,400 of them complete a 15-minute (0.25
hour) questionnaire. The total for the survey activities is 758 hours
(158 hours + 600 hours). Thus, the total estimated burden is 826 hours.
This estimate is 496 hours lower than the 1,322 hours published in the
60-day notice and reflects 20 fewer hours for pretest invitation and
476 fewer hours for survey invitation. Recent evidence available to the
Agency suggests the study will not need to send as many invitations as
originally estimated to achieve its target sample sizes in pretest and
survey. FDA's burden estimate is based on prior experience with
research that is similar to this proposed study.
In the Federal Register of March 14, 2011 (76 FR 13626), FDA
published a 60-day notice requesting public comment on the proposed
collection of information. No comments were received.
FDA estimates the burden of this collection of information as
follows:
Table 1--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of
Activity Number of responses per Total annual Average burden per Total hours
respondents respondent responses response
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cognitive interview screener 72 1 72 0.083 (5 min.).... 6
Cognitive interview......... 9 1 9 0.5 (30 min.)..... 5
Pretest invitation.......... 360 1 360 0.033 (2 min.).... 12
Pretest..................... 180 1 180 0.25 (15 min.).... 45
Survey invitation........... 4,800 1 4,800 0.033 (2 min.).... 158
Survey...................... 2,400 1 2,400 0.25 (15 min.).... 600
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total................... .............. .............. .............. .................. 826
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of information.
[[Page 52667]]
II. References
The following references have been placed on display in the
Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration,
5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852, and may be seen by
interested persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
(FDA has verified the Web site addresses but is not responsible for any
subsequent changes to the Web site after this document publishes in the
Federal Register.)
1. Passel, J.S. and C. D'Vera, ``U.S. Population Projections:
2005-2050,'' Pew Research Center, Washington, DC, February 11, 2008,
(https://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/85.pdf).
2. CDC, ``Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity
Among Adults: United States, Trends 1976-80 Through 2005-2006,''
December 2008, (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/overweight/overweight_adult.pdf).
3. CDC, ``Differences in Prevalence of Obesity Among Black,
White, and Hispanic Adults--United States, 2006-2008,'' Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report, 58(27):740-744, July 17, 2009, (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5827a2.htm).
4. CDC, ``Health Disparities Experienced by Hispanics--United
States,'' Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53(40):935-937,
October 15, 2004, (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5340a1.htm).
5. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, ``Epidemiologic
Research in Hispanic Populations: Opportunities, Barriers and
Solutions,'' December 3, 2003, (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/hispanic.htm).
6. Information Resources, Inc., ``Times & Trends: Hispanic
Consumers--Capturing CPG Market Potential,'' April 2008, (https://www.symphonyiri.com/portals/0/articlePdfs/TT_April_2008_Hispanic_Consumers.pdf).
7. Yang, S., M.G. Leff, D. McTague, et al., ``Multistate
Surveillance for Food-Handling, Preparation, and Consumption
Behaviors Associated With Foodborne Diseases: 1995 and 1996
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems Food-Safety Questions,''
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 47(SS-4):33-54, September 11,
1998, (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054714.htm).
8. Lin, C.-T.J. and S.T. Yen, ``Knowledge of Dietary Fats Among
U.S. Consumers,'' Journal of the American Dietetic Association,
110(4):613-618, April 2010.
9. Marin, G., F. Sabogal, B.V. Marin, et al., ``Development of a
Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics,'' Hispanic Journal of
Behavioral Sciences, 9(2):183-205, 1987.
10. Satia-About, J., R.E. Patterson, M.L. Neuhouser, et al.,
``Dietary Acculturation: Applications to Nutrition Research and
Dietetics,'' Journal of the American Dietetic Association,
102(8):1105-1118, August 2002.
11. Lin, H., O.I. Bermudez, and K.L. Tucker, ``Dietary Patterns
of Hispanic Elders Are Associated With Acculturation and Obesity,''
Journal of Nutrition, 133:3651-3657, 2003.
12. Otero-Sabogal, R., F. Sabogal, E.J. P[eacute]rez-Stable, et
al., ``Dietary Practices, Alcohol Consumption, and Smoking Behavior:
Ethnic, Sex, and Acculturation Differences,'' Journal of National
Cancer Institute Monograph, 18:73-82, 1995.
13. Lara, M., C. Gamboa, M.I. Kahramanian, et al.,
``Acculturation and Latino Health in the United States: A Review of
the Literature and its Sociopolitical Context,'' Annual Review of
Public Health, 26:367-397, 2005.
14. Winkleby, M.A., S.P. Fortmann, and B. Rockhill, ``Health-
Related Risk Factors in a Sample of Hispanics and Whites Matched on
Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Stanford Five-City Project,''
American Journal of Epidemiology 137(12):1365-1375, 1993.
15. Byrd, T.L., H. Balcazar, and R.A. Hummer, ``Acculturation
and Breast-Feeding Intention and Practice in Hispanic Women on the
U.S.-Mexico Border,'' Ethnicity & Disease, 11(1):72-79, 2001.
16. Cobas, J.A., H. Balcazar, M.B. Benin, et al.,
``Acculturation and Low-Birthweight Infants Among Latino Women: A
Reanalysis of Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
With Structural Equation Models,'' American Journal of Public
Health, 86(3):394-396, 1996.
17. Dixon, L.B., J. Sundquist, and M. Winkleby, ``Differences in
Energy, Nutrient, and Food Intakes in a U.S. Sample of Mexican-
American Women and Men: Findings From the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994,'' American Journal of
Epidemiology, 152(6):548-557, 2000.
18. Khan, L.K., J. Sobal, and R. Martorell, ``Acculturation,
Socioeconomic Status, and Obesity in Mexican Americans, Cuban
Americans, and Puerto Ricans,'' International Journal of Obesity,
21(2):91-96, 1997.
19. Markides, K.S., D.J. Lee, and L.A. Ray, ``Acculturation and
Hypertension in Mexican Americans,'' Ethnicity & Disease, 3:70-74,
1993.
20. Stern, M.P., C. Gonzalez, B.D. Mitchell, et al., ``Genetic
and Environmental Determinants of Type II Diabetes in Mexico City
and San Antonio,'' Diabetes, 41(4):484-492, 1992.
21. Sundquist, J., and M.A. Winkleby, ``Cardiovascular Risk
Factors in Mexican American Adults: A Transcultural Analysis of
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994,''
American Journal of Public Health, 89(5):723-730, 1999.
22. Thomson, M.D., and L. Hoffman-Goetz, ``Defining and
Measuring Acculturation: A Systematic Review of Public Health
Studies With Hispanic Population in the United States,'' Social
Science & Medicine, 69:983-991, 2009.
Dated: August 18, 2011.
David Dorsey,
Acting Associate Commissioner for Policy and Planning.
[FR Doc. 2011-21485 Filed 8-22-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4160-01-P