Commercial and Industrial Pumps, 34192-34196 [2011-14553]
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 113 / Monday, June 13, 2011 / Proposed Rules
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01.0999, Animal Sciences, Other
01.1001, Food Science
01.1002, Food Technology and Processing
01.1099, Food Science and Technology,
Other
01.1101, Plant Sciences, General
01.1102, Agronomy and Crop Science
01.1103, Horticultural Science
01.1104, Agricultural and Horticultural Plant
Breeding
01.1105, Plant Protection and Integrated Pest
Management
01.1106, Range Science and Management
01.1199, Plant Sciences, Other
01.1201, Soil Science and Agronomy,
General
01.1202, Soil Chemistry and Physics
01.1203, Soil Microbiology
01.1299, Soil Sciences, Other
01.9999, Agriculture, Agriculture Operations,
and Related Sciences, Other
03.0101, Natural Resources/Conservation,
General
03.0103, Environmental Studies
03.0104, Environmental Science
03.0199, Natural Resources Conservation and
Research, Other
03.0201, Natural Resources Management and
Policy
03.0204, Natural Resources Economics
03.0205, Water, Wetlands, and Marine
Resources Management
03.0206, Land Use Planning and
Management/Development
03.0207, Natural Resources Recreation and
Tourism
03.0208, Natural Resources Law Enforcement
and Protective Services
03.0299, Natural Resources Management and
Policy, Other
03.0301, Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and
Management
03.0501, Forestry, General
03.0502, Forest Sciences and Biology
03.0506, Forest Management/Forest
Resources Management
03.0508, Urban Forestry
03.0509, Wood Science and Wood Products/
Pulp and Paper Technology
03.0510, Forest Resources Production and
Management
03.0511, Forest Technology/Technician
03.0599, Forestry, Other
03.0601, Wildlife and Wildlands Science and
Management
03.9999, Natural Resources and
Conservation, Other
13.1301, Agricultural Teacher Education
14.0301, Agricultural/Biological Engineering
and Bioengineering
19.0501, Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness
Studies, General
19.0504, Human Nutrition
19.0505, Foodservice Systems
Administration/Management
19.0599, Foods, Nutrition, and Related
Services, Other
Appendix B to Part 3434—List of
HSACU Institutions, 2011–2012
The institutions listed in this appendix
will be granted HSACU certification by the
Secretary and will be eligible for HSACU
programs for the period starting October 1,
2011 and ending September 30, 2012.
Institutions are listed alphabetically with the
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campus indicated where applicable under
the state of the school’s location.
California (19)
Allan Hancock College
Bakersfield College
California State Polytechnic UniversityPomona
California State University-Bakersfield
California State University-Fresno
California State University-Fullerton
California State University-Monterey Bay
College of the Desert
College of the Sequoias
Fullerton College
Hartnell College
Merced College
Modesto Junior College
Mt. San Antonio College
Reedley College
Santa Ana College
Southwestern College
University of California-Merced
University of California-Riverside
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[Docket No. EERE–2011–BT–STD–0031]
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Request for Information (RFI).
New Mexico (5)
Eastern New Mexico University-Main
Campus
Mesalands Community College
New Mexico Highlands University
University of New Mexico-Main Campus
Western New Mexico University
New York (3)
CUNY Bronx Community College
CUNY Lehman College
Mercy College-Main Campus
Puerto Rico (12)
Bayamon Central University
Inter American University of Puerto RicoBayamon
Inter American University of Puerto RicoMetro
Inter American University of Puerto RicoPonce
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-San
German
Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto RicoPonce
Universidad Del Este
Universidad Del Turabo
Universidad Metropolitana
University of Puerto Rico-Humacao
University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras
Campus
University of Puerto Rico-Utuado
Texas (10)
Palo Alto College
Southwest Texas Junior College
Sul Ross State University
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
Texas A&M University-Kingsville
Texas State Technical College-Harlingen
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BILLING CODE 3410–22–P
AGENCY:
Kansas (1)
Seward County Community College
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Commercial and Industrial Pumps
Illinois (2)
Northeastern Illinois University
Triton College
Frm 00016
Washington (2)
Heritage University
Yakima Valley Community College
Done in Washington, DC, this 7th day of
June, 2011.
Ralph Otto,
Deputy Director, National Institute of Food
and Agriculture.
RIN 1904–AC54
Florida (3)
Barry University
Florida International University
Nova Southeastern University
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University of Texas at Brownsville
University of Texas at El Paso
University of Texas at San Antonio
University of Texas of the Permian Basin
The Energy Policy and
Conservation Act as amended (42 U.S.C.
6291 et seq.) prescribes energy
conservation standards for certain
commercial and industrial equipment,
and requires the Department of Energy
(DOE) to administer an energy
conservation program for the
equipment. In this notice, DOE requests
information from interested parties
regarding product markets, energy use,
test procedures, and energy efficient
product designs for commercial and
industrial pumps. Additional input and
suggestions relevant to this equipment
are also welcome.
DATES: Written comments and
information are requested by July 13,
2011.
SUMMARY:
Interested persons may
submit comments in writing, identified
by docket number EERE–2011–BT–
STD–0031, by any of the following
methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• E-mail: Pumps-RFI-2011-STD0031@ee.doe.gov. Include EERE–2011–
BT–STD–0031 and/or RIN 1904–AC54
in the subject line of the message.
• Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S.
Department of Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Mailstop EE–2J,
Request for Information for Commercial
and Industrial Pumps, EERE–2011–BT–
STD–0031 and/or RIN 1904–AC54, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW.,
ADDRESSES:
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 113 / Monday, June 13, 2011 / Proposed Rules
Washington, DC 20585–0121. Phone:
(202) 586–2945. Please submit one
signed paper original.
• Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda
Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, 6th
Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza, SW.,
Washington, DC 20024. Phone: (202)
586–2945. Please submit one signed
paper original.
• Instructions: All submissions
received must include the agency name
and docket number.
Docket: For access to the docket to
read background documents or
comments received, visit the U.S.
Department of Energy, Resource Room
of the Building Technologies Program,
950 L’Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite 600,
Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586–2945,
between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
Please call Ms. Brenda Edwards at the
above telephone number for additional
information regarding visiting the
Resource Room.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr.
Charles Llenza, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–2192. E-mail:
Charles.Llenza@ee.doe.gov.
In the Office of General Counsel, Ms.
Elizabeth Kohl, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–71, 1000 Independence Avenue,
SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–7796. E-mail:
Elizabeth.Kohl@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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1. Statutory Authority
Title III of the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975, as
amended (42 U.S.C. 6291 et seq.), sets
forth various provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. Part C of
EPCA includes measures to improve the
energy efficiency of commercial and
industrial equipment.1 See 42 U.S.C.
6311–6316.
Section 6311(A) includes electric
motors and pumps as ‘‘covered
equipment.’’ Section 6316(a) describes
how provisions in Part A (which
concerns ‘‘Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles’’) apply to industrial
equipment, which includes pumps.2
1 Part
C was re-designated Part A–1 on
codification of the U.S. Code for editorial reasons.
2 It states that the provisions of section 6296(a),
(b), and (d), the provisions of subsections (l)
through (s) of section 6295, and section 6297
through 6306 shall apply with respect to electric
motors and pumps to the same extent and in the
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Sections 6314 and 6315 concern test
procedures and labeling, respectively,
for covered equipment. The provisions
in these sections, in combination with
section 6316(a), give DOE authority to
establish test procedures and to
prescribe a labeling rule for pumps.
Based on the information DOE
receives in response to this Request for
Information, DOE will determine
whether to initiate a rulemaking to
establish a test procedure, energy
conservation standard, or labeling
requirement for commercial and
industrial pumps.
2. Evaluation of Pumps as Covered
Equipment
EPCA lists several specific types of
‘‘industrial equipment’’ as ‘‘covered
equipment,’’ including electric motors
and pumps. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1))
DOE estimates that commercial,
industrial, and agricultural pumps
consume approximately 0.63 quads per
year of electricity and that technologies
exist that can reduce this consumption
by approximately 0.190 quads annually.
DOE used industry and census data to
calculate the average establishment
energy use for pumps.
Industrial Pumps
Several estimates have been made of
industrial pump electricity use. Four are
discussed here. The most recent, made
for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy Industrial
Technologies program by Energetics
Incorporated, states that the total
industrial energy use of industrial
pumps is estimated to be 185,000
million kWh or 0.63 quads site energy
use. The machine drive energy data
used in this estimate (https://www1.eere.
energy.gov/industry/rd/footprints.html)
were primarily provided by the DOE
Energy Information Administration’s
(EIA’s) Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey (MECS). The
machine drive energy includes pump
energy and reflects consumption in the
year 2006, when the survey was last
completed.
Another recent report for the United
Nations (‘‘Motor System Efficiency
Supply Curves UNIDO,’’ Dec. 2010),3
same manner as they apply in part A. In applying
the provisions in the sections cited above, section
6316(a)(1) states that references to sections 6293,
6294, and 6295 of this title shall be considered as
references to sections 6314, 6315, and 6313 of this
title, respectively; and section 6316(a)(3) states that
the term ‘‘equipment’’ shall be substituted for the
term ‘‘product.’’
3 McKane, A. and A. Hasanbeigi, ‘‘Motor Systems
Efficiency Supply Curves,’’ United Nations
Industrial Development Organization. (2010)
(Available at: https://industrial-energy.lbl.gov/files/
industrial-energy/active/0/UNIDO%20
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34193
also used the 2006 MECS data. The total
industrial energy use was estimated to
be 126,180 million kWh or 0.43 quads
site energy use. Part of the reason for the
lower estimate in this study is that the
authors listed a lower value for the
petroleum refining industry than any of
the other three studies.
An earlier study conducted for DOE,
‘‘United States Industrial Electric Motor
Systems Opportunities Assessment,
December, 2002,’’ 4 estimated energy
used by pumps in the manufacturing
sector. This energy use estimate did not
include agriculture, oil and gas
extraction, water and wastewater, or
mineral mining. Standard Industrial
Codes (SICs) from 20–39 (except for 21
and 39) were included in the analysis.
The site energy use estimated for the
year 1994 was 142,690 million kWh or
0.49 quads site energy use. Table 2.1
lists the energy use for each industry
analyzed.
TABLE 2.1—INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
ELECTRICITY USE BY PUMPS
Industry
Food ......................................
Textile Mill products ..............
Lumber and Wood ................
Furniture and Fixtures ..........
Paper and Allied products ....
Printing and Publishing .........
Chemical and Allied Products ....................................
Petroleum and Coal Products ....................................
Rubber and Miscellaneous
Plastics ..............................
Stone, Clay and Glass Products ....................................
Primary Metal Industries .......
Fabricated Metal Industries ..
Industrial Machinery and
Equipment .........................
Electronics and Other Electric Equipment ...................
Transportation Equipment ....
Instruments and Related
Products ............................
Pump
electricity use
(millions of
kWh)
6,218
2,949
1,209
27
31,309
84
37,591
30,643
9,211
90
7,646
903
968
7,732
5,517
594
The American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy (ACEEE) 2003 report
‘‘Realizing Energy Efficiency
Opportunities in Industrial Fan and
Pump Systems’’ summarizes the energy
use of pumps in a variety of industrial
settings (including manufacturing,
Motor%20Systems%20Efficiency%20Supply%
20Curves.pdf)
4 U.S Department of Energy, ‘‘United States
Industrial Electric Motor Systems Market
Opportunities Assessment.’’ Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, United States
Department of Energy. (2002) Available at: https://
www.oit.doe.gov/bestpractices/
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mining, and agriculture).5 The report
provides total electricity consumption
and an estimate of the energy savings
possible if available technologies were
utilized. The report estimates the total
annual agricultural and industrial
electricity demand for pumps to be
140.6 billion kWh or 0.480 quads of site
energy use.
TABLE 2.2—INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND PUMP ELECTRICITY USE
Electricity demand in 2006
billion kWh
Pumps’ share
of electricity
use %
Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................
Mining ..........................................................................................................................................
Food Mfg. .....................................................................................................................................
Textile Product Mills ....................................................................................................................
Wood Product Mfg. ......................................................................................................................
Paper Mfg. ...................................................................................................................................
Petroleum and Coal Products Mfg. .............................................................................................
Chemical Mfg. ..............................................................................................................................
Plastics & Rubber Mfg. ................................................................................................................
Nonmetallic Minerals Product Mfg. ..............................................................................................
Primary Metal Mfg. ......................................................................................................................
Fabricated Metal Product Mfg. ....................................................................................................
Machinery Mfg. ............................................................................................................................
Computer & Electronic Product Mfg. ...........................................................................................
Transportation Equipment Mfg. ...................................................................................................
16.3
85.4
78.0
6.0
28.9
122.2
60.1
207.1
53.4
44.8
140.0
42.2
32.7
27.5
57.7
25
7
11
14
4
28
51
18
9
4
2
7
8
2
4
Total ......................................................................................................................................
1,002.4
Industry
The studies cited above (see Table
2.3) provide estimates of total annual
pump energy use ranging from about
126,000 million kWh to 185,000 million
kWh (about 0.43 to 0.63 quads) of site
energy use. All the studies excluded oil
and gas extraction, and water and
wastewater pumping. All the studies
found that the paper, chemical, and
petroleum and coal products
manufacturing industries are the three
leading users of pump energy. If the
total industrial energy use is estimated
using the most recent MECS and
Pump electricity use in
2006 billion
kWh
4.1
6.0
8.6
0.8
1.2
34.2
30.7
37.3
4.8
1.8
2.8
3.0
2.6
0.6
2.3
140.6
including all of the petroleum refining
industry pump energy use, an estimate
of 0.63 quads of site electricity use is
derived. The primary energy use is
about three times the site energy use, or
1.9 quads.
TABLE 2.3—SUMMARY OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY USE FOR PUMPS
Annual site
electricity use
(billion kWh)
Study
DOE Energetics, 2006, ‘‘Manufacturing Energy and Carbon Footprints’’ .....................................................................................
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 2010, ‘‘Motor Systems Efficiency Supply Curves’’ ...................
DOE Opportunity Assessment, 2002, ‘‘United States Industrial Electric Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment’’ ....
ACEEE, 2003, ‘‘Realizing Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Industrial Fan and Pump Systems’’ .............................................
Based on U.S. Census data,6 the
number of establishments involved in
mining, manufacturing, and agriculture
is estimated as follows.
Using the highest estimate, the
average per-establishment energy use for
pumps for agricultural, manufacturing,
and mining establishments in 2006 was
1.27 million kWh.
TABLE 2.4—NUMBERS OF
ESTABLISHMENTS BY SECTOR
Sector
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Agriculture, 1997 ............
Manufacturing, 2005 .......
Mining, 1997 ...................
Total .........................
Commercial Building Heating,
Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
Pumps
Establishments
Based on a 1999 analysis by Arthur D.
91,000 Little, Inc. (ADL), the average per323,476 establishment energy use for pumps in
21,839 commercial heating, ventilation, and air
436,315 conditioning (HVAC) applications for
1999 was about 8.5 MWh, which
5 Nadel, S. and N. Elliot. ‘‘Realizing Energy
Efficiency Opportunities in Industrial Fan and
Pump Systems,’’ Washington, DC.: American
Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. (2003)
Available at: https://www.nwcouncil.org/dropbox/
6th%20Plan%20Industrial/Industrial%
20Conservation%20Data%20Catalogue/ISC%
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20Document%20Catalogue_Public%20Version5%20June%202009/Documents/Tier%202/ACEEE_
fans%20and%20pumps_Apr%202003.pdf
6 https://www.ces.census.gov/index.php/bds/
bds_database_list
7 UNIDO estimates cost-effective potential at 29
percent and technical potential at 43 percent for US
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185.0
126.0
142.7
140.6
exceeds 150 kWh for the 12-month
period of 1999. The ADL analysis,
‘‘Energy Consumption Characteristics of
Commercial Building HVAC Systems,’’
Volume 2, used EIA’s 1999 Commercial
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
data to develop its estimate.
a. Savings Estimate
Reports cited in this RFI estimate
potential energy savings from pumps of
10 percent to 50 percent.7 Because these
estimates include a variety of system
and pump efficiency measures
including proper sizing of equipment,
industrial pumping system. Opportunities
Assessment reports a midrange savings of 9.6
percent of pump energy use through system
efficiency improvements for a total of 20 percent.
ACEEE estimates that ‘‘the typical energy savings
from fan, pump, or blower-system upgrades vary
from 20 percent to 50 percent.’’
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the lowest energy savings estimate of 10
percent, based on an European Union
(EU) study of pump efficiencies (cited in
(c) below), is assumed for the pump
efficiency alone. If that estimate is
converted to primary energy, the savings
are estimated to be 0.19 quads. The
potential for energy savings is
concentrated in paper manufacturing,
mining, chemical manufacturing,
petroleum and coal products
manufacturing, and primary metal
manufacturing, which account for 75
percent of the potential total energy
savings from industrial pumps.
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c. Summary of Data and Calculations
Analyses based on data from the 2003
EU ‘‘European Guide to Pump Efficiency
for Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps’’ 8
show that for typical flow rates it is
reasonable to expect an efficiency
improvement of 10 percent from the
mean pump efficiency to the maximum
practically attainable level.
b. Efficiency Considerations
Pump system efficiencies depend on
design factors such as surface
roughness, internal clearances, solids
handling capability, curve shape,
mechanical shaft seal losses, and other
factors.
TABLE 2.5—SUMMARY TABLE OF PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ESTIMATED SAVINGS
Sector
Establishments
Industrial ..........................................
Commercial Building HVAC .............
436,315
4,657,000
Energy consumption
million kWh
1,272,000
8,496
Estimated savings (@
10%)
million kWh
555,000
39,565
55,000
7,913
during a period of not less than 60 days
to provide oral and written comment.
After receiving and considering the
comments on the NOPR and not less
than 90 days after the publication of the
NOPR, DOE issues any final rule
prescribing new or amended energy
conservation standards.
4. Regulatory Scope
DOE has not previously conducted an
energy conservation standard
rulemaking for pumps. With this notice,
DOE states its intention to evaluate the
energy savings potential of energy
conservation standards, labels, or both
for commercial and industrial pumps.
DOE requests information from
interested parties regarding product
markets, energy use, test procedures,
and energy efficient product design.
After public comment on this RFI, DOE
will consider developing test
procedures and energy conservation
standards or labels for this equipment.
Test procedures prescribed in
accordance with EPACT 2005 ‘‘shall be
reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs of a type of industrial equipment
(or class thereof) during a representative
average use cycle (as determined by the
Secretary), and shall not be unduly
burdensome to conduct.’’ (42 U.S.C.
6314) In a test procedure rulemaking,
DOE prepares a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NOPR) and allows
interested parties to present oral and
written data, views, and arguments with
respect to such procedures. In
prescribing new test procedures, DOE
takes into account relevant information
including technological developments
relating to energy use or energy
efficiency of pumps.
With respect to rulemakings for
energy conservation standards, DOE
typically prepares a framework
document, which describes the issues,
analyses, and process that it is
considering for the development of
energy conservation standards. After
receiving comments on the framework
document, DOE typically prepares a
preliminary analysis and technical
support document (TSD). The
preliminary analysis typically provides
initial draft analyses of potential energy
conservation standards on consumers,
manufacturers, and the nation. None of
these steps is required by statute.
DOE is required to publish a NOPR
for new or amended conservation
standards. The NOPR presents DOE’s
proposal for potential energy
conservations standards and a summary
of the results of DOE’s supporting
technical analysis. The details of DOE’s
standards analysis are provided in a
TSD that describes both the burdens and
benefits of potential standards, pursuant
to 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(B)(i). After the
publication of the NOPR, DOE affords
interested persons an opportunity
8 European Commission. ‘‘European Guide to
Pump Efficiency for Single Stage Centrifugal
Pumps,’’ Varese, Italy: European Commission.
(2003) Available at: https://work.sitedirect.se/sites/
europump/europump/
index.php?show=226_SWE&&page_anchor=https://
work.sitedirect.se/sites/europump/europump/p226/
p226_swe.php
3. Other Regulatory Programs
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and DOE jointly administer the
voluntary ENERGY STAR labeling
program (https://www.energystar.gov) for
various products and equipment.
ENERGY STAR currently has no
labeling program for energy-efficient
pumps. Some states, including
California, have prescribed standards
and other regulations regarding pumps,
in particular for hydronic systems,
including a requirement for variable
speed drives on pumps larger than 5
horsepower (California Energy
Commission, ‘‘2008 Building Energy
Efficiency Standards for Residential and
Nonresidential Buildings,’’ effective
January 1, 2010, Section 144(j)).
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establishment kWh
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5. Potential Definition(s)
DOE will consider adding a definition
for ‘‘Commercial, Industrial, and
Agricultural Pumps (Pumps)’’ in the
Code of Federal Regulations to clarify
coverage of any potential test procedure
or energy conservation standard. There
currently is no statutory definition of
pumps. DOE is considering the
following definitions of pumps for
potential test procedures and energy
conservation standards and to provide
clarity for interested parties as it
continues its analyses. DOE seeks
feedback from interested parties on the
following potential definition(s) of
pumps.
a. Definition of Rotodynamic Pumps
Rotodynamic pumps are kinetic
machines that impart energy
continuously to the pumped fluid by
means of a rotating impeller, propeller,
or rotor. The most common types of
rotodynamic pumps are centrifugal
(radial), mixed flow, and axial flow
pumps.
i. Centrifugal (Radial) Flow
Centrifugal pumps use bladed
impellers with essentially radial outlets
to transfer rotational mechanical energy
to the fluid, primarily by increasing the
fluid kinetic energy (angular
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momentum) and also increasing
potential energy (static pressure).
Kinetic energy is then converted into
usable pressure energy in the discharge
collector.
Centrifugal pumps that have single
inlet impellers usually have a specific
speed below approximately 90 (4,500).
Those having double-suction impellers
usually have a specific speed below
approximately 135 (7,000). In pumps of
this type, the liquid enters the impeller
at the hub and flows radially to the
periphery, exiting perpendicular to the
rotating shaft.
ii. Mixed Flow
This type of pump has a single inlet
impeller whereby the flow enters axially
and discharges in a mixed axial and
radial direction. Pumps of this type
usually have a specific speed that ranges
from approximately 90 (4,500) to 200
(10,000).
iii. Axial Flow
A pump of this type, sometimes
called a propeller pump, has a single
inlet impeller. The flow enters axially
and discharges nearly axially. Pumps of
this type usually have a specific speed
above approximately 200 (10,000).
b. Definition of Positive Displacement
Pumps
Positive displacement pumps add
energy by trapping liquid in a confined
space and forcibly moving it out of the
pump and into the discharge pipe. This
pumping action is accomplished by one
of three methods:
(1) Reciprocating action of plungers,
pistons, bellows or diaphragms;
(2) Rotary action of mechanical
devices such as gears, screws, vanes,
etc.; or
(3) Blow case arrangements using
pressurized air to displace liquid.
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Public Participation
A. Submission of Information
DOE will accept information and data
in response to this Request for
Information as provided in the DATES
section above. Information submitted to
the Department by e-mail should be
provided in WordPerfect, Microsoft
Word, PDF, or text file format. Those
responding should avoid the use of
special characters or any form of
encryption, and wherever possible,
comments should include the electronic
signature of the author. Comments
submitted to the Department by mail or
hand delivery/courier should include
one signed original paper copy. No
telefacsimiles will be accepted.
Comments submitted in response to this
notice will become a matter of public
VerDate Mar<15>2010
14:19 Jun 10, 2011
Jkt 223001
record and will be made publicly
available.
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks
Information
DOE welcomes comments on the
energy use and energy efficiency of
commercial and industrial pumps and
related issues. DOE is particularly
interested in receiving comments from
interested parties on the following
issues:
(1) Definition(s) of pumps, pump
product classes, and diversity of pump
types within pump product classes;
(2) Energy use by pumps as
summarized in Table 3.1;
(3) Overview of the industrial and
commercial pump market, including
shipments and efficiencies ranges;
(4) Availability and applicability of
U.S. and international test procedures
for pumps;
(5) Assistance and resources available
from stakeholders, states, local
jurisdictions, and others.
Issued in Washington, DC on June 7, 2011.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2011–14553 Filed 6–10–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 71
[Docket No. FAA–2011–0378; Airspace
Docket No. 11–AEA–11]
Proposed Establishment of Class E
Airspace; Forest, VA
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
(NPRM).
AGENCY:
This action proposes to
establish Class E Airspace at Forest, VA
to accommodate new Area Navigation
(RNAV) Global Positioning System
(GPS) Standard Instrument Approach
Procedures serving New London
Airport. This action would enhance the
safety and airspace management of
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations
within the National Airspace System.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before July 28, 2011. The Director of
the Federal Register approves this
incorporation by reference action under
title 1, Code of Federal Regulations, part
51, subject to the annual revision of
FAA, Order 7400.9 and publication of
conforming amendments.
SUMMARY:
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
Send comments on this rule
to: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Docket Operations, West Building
Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200
New Jersey, SE., Washington, DC
20590–0001; Telephone: 1–800–647–
5527; Fax: 202–493–2251. You must
identify the Docket Number FAA–2011–
0378; Airspace Docket No. 11–AEA–11,
at the beginning of your comments. You
may also submit and review received
comments through the Internet at
https://www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John
Fornito, Operations Support Group,
Eastern Service Center, Federal Aviation
Administration, P.O. Box 20636,
Atlanta, Georgia 30320; telephone (404)
305–6364.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
ADDRESSES:
Comments Invited
Interested persons are invited to
comment on this rule by submitting
such written data, views, or arguments,
as they may desire. Comments that
provide the factual basis supporting the
views and suggestions presented are
particularly helpful in developing
reasoned regulatory decisions on the
proposal. Comments are specifically
invited on the overall regulatory,
aeronautical, economic, environmental,
and energy-related aspects of the
proposal.
Communications should identify both
docket numbers (FAA Docket No. FAA–
2011–0378; Airspace Docket No. 11–
AEA–11) and be submitted in triplicate
to the Docket Management System (see
ADDRESSES section for address and
phone number). You may also submit
comments through the Internet at
https://www.regulations.gov.
Comments wishing the FAA to
acknowledge receipt of their comments
on this action must submit with those
comments a self-addressed stamped
postcard on which the following
statement is made: ‘‘Comments to
Docket No. FAA–2011–0378; Airspace
Docket No. 11–AEA–11. The postcard
will be date/time stamped and returned
to the commenter.
All communications received before
the specified closing date for comments
will be considered before taking action
on the proposed rule. The proposal
contained in this notice may be changed
in light of the comments received. A
report summarizing each substantive
public contact with FAA personnel
concerned with this rulemaking will be
filed in the docket.
Availability of NPRMs
An electronic copy of this document
may be downloaded from and
E:\FR\FM\13JNP1.SGM
13JNP1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 113 (Monday, June 13, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 34192-34196]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-14553]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[Docket No. EERE-2011-BT-STD-0031]
RIN 1904-AC54
Commercial and Industrial Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Request for Information (RFI).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Energy Policy and Conservation Act as amended (42 U.S.C.
6291 et seq.) prescribes energy conservation standards for certain
commercial and industrial equipment, and requires the Department of
Energy (DOE) to administer an energy conservation program for the
equipment. In this notice, DOE requests information from interested
parties regarding product markets, energy use, test procedures, and
energy efficient product designs for commercial and industrial pumps.
Additional input and suggestions relevant to this equipment are also
welcome.
DATES: Written comments and information are requested by July 13, 2011.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons may submit comments in writing,
identified by docket number EERE-2011-BT-STD-0031, by any of the
following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: Pumps-RFI-2011-STD-0031@ee.doe.gov. Include EERE-
2011-BT-STD-0031 and/or RIN 1904-AC54 in the subject line of the
message.
Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, Request for Information
for Commercial and Industrial Pumps, EERE-2011-BT-STD-0031 and/or RIN
1904-AC54, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW.,
[[Page 34193]]
Washington, DC 20585-0121. Phone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one
signed paper original.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department
of Energy, Building Technologies Program, 6th Floor, 950 L'Enfant
Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit
one signed paper original.
Instructions: All submissions received must include the
agency name and docket number.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, visit the U.S. Department of Energy, Resource Room
of the Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite
600, Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Please call Ms. Brenda
Edwards at the above telephone number for additional information
regarding visiting the Resource Room.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Charles Llenza, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington,
DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2192. E-mail:
Charles.Llenza@ee.doe.gov.
In the Office of General Counsel, Ms. Elizabeth Kohl, U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC-71, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202)
586-7796. E-mail: Elizabeth.Kohl@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
1. Statutory Authority
Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 6291 et seq.), sets forth various provisions
designed to improve energy efficiency. Part C of EPCA includes measures
to improve the energy efficiency of commercial and industrial
equipment.\1\ See 42 U.S.C. 6311-6316.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Part C was re-designated Part A-1 on codification of the
U.S. Code for editorial reasons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 6311(A) includes electric motors and pumps as ``covered
equipment.'' Section 6316(a) describes how provisions in Part A (which
concerns ``Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles'') apply to
industrial equipment, which includes pumps.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ It states that the provisions of section 6296(a), (b), and
(d), the provisions of subsections (l) through (s) of section 6295,
and section 6297 through 6306 shall apply with respect to electric
motors and pumps to the same extent and in the same manner as they
apply in part A. In applying the provisions in the sections cited
above, section 6316(a)(1) states that references to sections 6293,
6294, and 6295 of this title shall be considered as references to
sections 6314, 6315, and 6313 of this title, respectively; and
section 6316(a)(3) states that the term ``equipment'' shall be
substituted for the term ``product.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sections 6314 and 6315 concern test procedures and labeling,
respectively, for covered equipment. The provisions in these sections,
in combination with section 6316(a), give DOE authority to establish
test procedures and to prescribe a labeling rule for pumps.
Based on the information DOE receives in response to this Request
for Information, DOE will determine whether to initiate a rulemaking to
establish a test procedure, energy conservation standard, or labeling
requirement for commercial and industrial pumps.
2. Evaluation of Pumps as Covered Equipment
EPCA lists several specific types of ``industrial equipment'' as
``covered equipment,'' including electric motors and pumps. (42 U.S.C.
6311(1))
DOE estimates that commercial, industrial, and agricultural pumps
consume approximately 0.63 quads per year of electricity and that
technologies exist that can reduce this consumption by approximately
0.190 quads annually.
DOE used industry and census data to calculate the average
establishment energy use for pumps.
Industrial Pumps
Several estimates have been made of industrial pump electricity
use. Four are discussed here. The most recent, made for the DOE Office
of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Industrial Technologies
program by Energetics Incorporated, states that the total industrial
energy use of industrial pumps is estimated to be 185,000 million kWh
or 0.63 quads site energy use. The machine drive energy data used in
this estimate (https://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/rd/footprints.html)
were primarily provided by the DOE Energy Information Administration's
(EIA's) Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). The machine
drive energy includes pump energy and reflects consumption in the year
2006, when the survey was last completed.
Another recent report for the United Nations (``Motor System
Efficiency Supply Curves UNIDO,'' Dec. 2010),\3\ also used the 2006
MECS data. The total industrial energy use was estimated to be 126,180
million kWh or 0.43 quads site energy use. Part of the reason for the
lower estimate in this study is that the authors listed a lower value
for the petroleum refining industry than any of the other three
studies.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ McKane, A. and A. Hasanbeigi, ``Motor Systems Efficiency
Supply Curves,'' United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
(2010) (Available at: https://industrial-energy.lbl.gov/files/industrial-energy/active/0/UNIDO%20Motor%20Systems%20Efficiency%20Supply%20Curves.pdf)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
An earlier study conducted for DOE, ``United States Industrial
Electric Motor Systems Opportunities Assessment, December, 2002,'' \4\
estimated energy used by pumps in the manufacturing sector. This energy
use estimate did not include agriculture, oil and gas extraction, water
and wastewater, or mineral mining. Standard Industrial Codes (SICs)
from 20-39 (except for 21 and 39) were included in the analysis. The
site energy use estimated for the year 1994 was 142,690 million kWh or
0.49 quads site energy use. Table 2.1 lists the energy use for each
industry analyzed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ U.S Department of Energy, ``United States Industrial
Electric Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment.'' Office of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, United States Department of
Energy. (2002) Available at: https://www.oit.doe.gov/bestpractices/
Table 2.1--Industrial Sector Electricity Use by Pumps
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pump
electricity
Industry use (millions
of kWh)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Food.................................................... 6,218
Textile Mill products................................... 2,949
Lumber and Wood......................................... 1,209
Furniture and Fixtures.................................. 27
Paper and Allied products............................... 31,309
Printing and Publishing................................. 84
Chemical and Allied Products............................ 37,591
Petroleum and Coal Products............................. 30,643
Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics....................... 9,211
Stone, Clay and Glass Products.......................... 90
Primary Metal Industries................................ 7,646
Fabricated Metal Industries............................. 903
Industrial Machinery and Equipment...................... 968
Electronics and Other Electric Equipment................ 7,732
Transportation Equipment................................ 5,517
Instruments and Related Products........................ 594
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) 2003
report ``Realizing Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Industrial Fan
and Pump Systems'' summarizes the energy use of pumps in a variety of
industrial settings (including manufacturing,
[[Page 34194]]
mining, and agriculture).\5\ The report provides total electricity
consumption and an estimate of the energy savings possible if available
technologies were utilized. The report estimates the total annual
agricultural and industrial electricity demand for pumps to be 140.6
billion kWh or 0.480 quads of site energy use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Nadel, S. and N. Elliot. ``Realizing Energy Efficiency
Opportunities in Industrial Fan and Pump Systems,'' Washington, DC.:
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. (2003) Available
at: https://www.nwcouncil.org/dropbox/6th%20Plan%20Industrial/Industrial%20Conservation%20Data%20Catalogue/ISC%20Document%20Catalogue_Public%20Version-5%20June%202009/Documents/Tier%202/ACEEE_fans%20and%20pumps_Apr%202003.pdf
Table 2.2--Industrial Sector Electricity Demand and Pump Electricity Use
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pump
Electricity Pumps' share electricity
Industry demand in 2006 of electricity use in 2006
billion kWh use % billion kWh
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture..................................................... 16.3 25 4.1
Mining.......................................................... 85.4 7 6.0
Food Mfg........................................................ 78.0 11 8.6
Textile Product Mills........................................... 6.0 14 0.8
Wood Product Mfg................................................ 28.9 4 1.2
Paper Mfg....................................................... 122.2 28 34.2
Petroleum and Coal Products Mfg................................. 60.1 51 30.7
Chemical Mfg.................................................... 207.1 18 37.3
Plastics & Rubber Mfg........................................... 53.4 9 4.8
Nonmetallic Minerals Product Mfg................................ 44.8 4 1.8
Primary Metal Mfg............................................... 140.0 2 2.8
Fabricated Metal Product Mfg.................................... 42.2 7 3.0
Machinery Mfg................................................... 32.7 8 2.6
Computer & Electronic Product Mfg............................... 27.5 2 0.6
Transportation Equipment Mfg.................................... 57.7 4 2.3
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 1,002.4 140.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The studies cited above (see Table 2.3) provide estimates of total
annual pump energy use ranging from about 126,000 million kWh to
185,000 million kWh (about 0.43 to 0.63 quads) of site energy use. All
the studies excluded oil and gas extraction, and water and wastewater
pumping. All the studies found that the paper, chemical, and petroleum
and coal products manufacturing industries are the three leading users
of pump energy. If the total industrial energy use is estimated using
the most recent MECS and including all of the petroleum refining
industry pump energy use, an estimate of 0.63 quads of site electricity
use is derived. The primary energy use is about three times the site
energy use, or 1.9 quads.
Table 2.3--Summary of Industrial Energy Use for Pumps
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual site
Study electricity use
(billion kWh)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE Energetics, 2006, ``Manufacturing Energy and 185.0
Carbon Footprints''.................................
United Nations Industrial Development Organization 126.0
(UNIDO), 2010, ``Motor Systems Efficiency Supply
Curves''............................................
DOE Opportunity Assessment, 2002, ``United States 142.7
Industrial Electric Motor Systems Market
Opportunities Assessment''..........................
ACEEE, 2003, ``Realizing Energy Efficiency 140.6
Opportunities in Industrial Fan and Pump Systems''..
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on U.S. Census data,\6\ the number of establishments involved
in mining, manufacturing, and agriculture is estimated as follows.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ https://www.ces.census.gov/index.php/bds/bds_database_list
Table 2.4--Numbers of Establishments by Sector
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sector Establishments
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture, 1997.................................... 91,000
Manufacturing, 2005.................................. 323,476
Mining, 1997......................................... 21,839
------------------
Total............................................ 436,315
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using the highest estimate, the average per-establishment energy
use for pumps for agricultural, manufacturing, and mining
establishments in 2006 was 1.27 million kWh.
Commercial Building Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Pumps
Based on a 1999 analysis by Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL), the
average per-establishment energy use for pumps in commercial heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications for 1999 was
about 8.5 MWh, which exceeds 150 kWh for the 12-month period of 1999.
The ADL analysis, ``Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial
Building HVAC Systems,'' Volume 2, used EIA's 1999 Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey data to develop its estimate.
a. Savings Estimate
Reports cited in this RFI estimate potential energy savings from
pumps of 10 percent to 50 percent.\7\ Because these estimates include a
variety of system and pump efficiency measures including proper sizing
of equipment,
[[Page 34195]]
the lowest energy savings estimate of 10 percent, based on an European
Union (EU) study of pump efficiencies (cited in (c) below), is assumed
for the pump efficiency alone. If that estimate is converted to primary
energy, the savings are estimated to be 0.19 quads. The potential for
energy savings is concentrated in paper manufacturing, mining, chemical
manufacturing, petroleum and coal products manufacturing, and primary
metal manufacturing, which account for 75 percent of the potential
total energy savings from industrial pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ UNIDO estimates cost-effective potential at 29 percent and
technical potential at 43 percent for US industrial pumping system.
Opportunities Assessment reports a midrange savings of 9.6 percent
of pump energy use through system efficiency improvements for a
total of 20 percent. ACEEE estimates that ``the typical energy
savings from fan, pump, or blower-system upgrades vary from 20
percent to 50 percent.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Efficiency Considerations
Pump system efficiencies depend on design factors such as surface
roughness, internal clearances, solids handling capability, curve
shape, mechanical shaft seal losses, and other factors.
c. Summary of Data and Calculations
Analyses based on data from the 2003 EU ``European Guide to Pump
Efficiency for Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps'' \8\ show that for
typical flow rates it is reasonable to expect an efficiency improvement
of 10 percent from the mean pump efficiency to the maximum practically
attainable level.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ European Commission. ``European Guide to Pump Efficiency for
Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps,'' Varese, Italy: European
Commission. (2003) Available at: https://work.sitedirect.se/sites/europump/europump/index.php?show=226_SWE&&page_anchor=https://work.sitedirect.se/sites/europump/europump/p226/p226_swe.php
Table 2.5--Summary Table of Primary Energy Consumption and Estimated Savings
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy per Energy consumption Estimated savings (@
Sector Establishments establishment kWh million kWh 10%) million kWh
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industrial.......................................... 436,315 1,272,000 555,000 55,000
Commercial Building HVAC............................ 4,657,000 8,496 39,565 7,913
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Other Regulatory Programs
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and DOE jointly administer
the voluntary ENERGY STAR labeling program (https://www.energystar.gov)
for various products and equipment. ENERGY STAR currently has no
labeling program for energy-efficient pumps. Some states, including
California, have prescribed standards and other regulations regarding
pumps, in particular for hydronic systems, including a requirement for
variable speed drives on pumps larger than 5 horsepower (California
Energy Commission, ``2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for
Residential and Nonresidential Buildings,'' effective January 1, 2010,
Section 144(j)).
4. Regulatory Scope
DOE has not previously conducted an energy conservation standard
rulemaking for pumps. With this notice, DOE states its intention to
evaluate the energy savings potential of energy conservation standards,
labels, or both for commercial and industrial pumps. DOE requests
information from interested parties regarding product markets, energy
use, test procedures, and energy efficient product design. After public
comment on this RFI, DOE will consider developing test procedures and
energy conservation standards or labels for this equipment.
Test procedures prescribed in accordance with EPACT 2005 ``shall be
reasonably designed to produce test results which reflect energy
efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating costs of a type of
industrial equipment (or class thereof) during a representative average
use cycle (as determined by the Secretary), and shall not be unduly
burdensome to conduct.'' (42 U.S.C. 6314) In a test procedure
rulemaking, DOE prepares a notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) and
allows interested parties to present oral and written data, views, and
arguments with respect to such procedures. In prescribing new test
procedures, DOE takes into account relevant information including
technological developments relating to energy use or energy efficiency
of pumps.
With respect to rulemakings for energy conservation standards, DOE
typically prepares a framework document, which describes the issues,
analyses, and process that it is considering for the development of
energy conservation standards. After receiving comments on the
framework document, DOE typically prepares a preliminary analysis and
technical support document (TSD). The preliminary analysis typically
provides initial draft analyses of potential energy conservation
standards on consumers, manufacturers, and the nation. None of these
steps is required by statute.
DOE is required to publish a NOPR for new or amended conservation
standards. The NOPR presents DOE's proposal for potential energy
conservations standards and a summary of the results of DOE's
supporting technical analysis. The details of DOE's standards analysis
are provided in a TSD that describes both the burdens and benefits of
potential standards, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(B)(i). After the
publication of the NOPR, DOE affords interested persons an opportunity
during a period of not less than 60 days to provide oral and written
comment. After receiving and considering the comments on the NOPR and
not less than 90 days after the publication of the NOPR, DOE issues any
final rule prescribing new or amended energy conservation standards.
5. Potential Definition(s)
DOE will consider adding a definition for ``Commercial, Industrial,
and Agricultural Pumps (Pumps)'' in the Code of Federal Regulations to
clarify coverage of any potential test procedure or energy conservation
standard. There currently is no statutory definition of pumps. DOE is
considering the following definitions of pumps for potential test
procedures and energy conservation standards and to provide clarity for
interested parties as it continues its analyses. DOE seeks feedback
from interested parties on the following potential definition(s) of
pumps.
a. Definition of Rotodynamic Pumps
Rotodynamic pumps are kinetic machines that impart energy
continuously to the pumped fluid by means of a rotating impeller,
propeller, or rotor. The most common types of rotodynamic pumps are
centrifugal (radial), mixed flow, and axial flow pumps.
i. Centrifugal (Radial) Flow
Centrifugal pumps use bladed impellers with essentially radial
outlets to transfer rotational mechanical energy to the fluid,
primarily by increasing the fluid kinetic energy (angular
[[Page 34196]]
momentum) and also increasing potential energy (static pressure).
Kinetic energy is then converted into usable pressure energy in the
discharge collector.
Centrifugal pumps that have single inlet impellers usually have a
specific speed below approximately 90 (4,500). Those having double-
suction impellers usually have a specific speed below approximately 135
(7,000). In pumps of this type, the liquid enters the impeller at the
hub and flows radially to the periphery, exiting perpendicular to the
rotating shaft.
ii. Mixed Flow
This type of pump has a single inlet impeller whereby the flow
enters axially and discharges in a mixed axial and radial direction.
Pumps of this type usually have a specific speed that ranges from
approximately 90 (4,500) to 200 (10,000).
iii. Axial Flow
A pump of this type, sometimes called a propeller pump, has a
single inlet impeller. The flow enters axially and discharges nearly
axially. Pumps of this type usually have a specific speed above
approximately 200 (10,000).
b. Definition of Positive Displacement Pumps
Positive displacement pumps add energy by trapping liquid in a
confined space and forcibly moving it out of the pump and into the
discharge pipe. This pumping action is accomplished by one of three
methods:
(1) Reciprocating action of plungers, pistons, bellows or
diaphragms;
(2) Rotary action of mechanical devices such as gears, screws,
vanes, etc.; or
(3) Blow case arrangements using pressurized air to displace
liquid.
Public Participation
A. Submission of Information
DOE will accept information and data in response to this Request
for Information as provided in the DATES section above. Information
submitted to the Department by e-mail should be provided in
WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or text file format. Those responding
should avoid the use of special characters or any form of encryption,
and wherever possible, comments should include the electronic signature
of the author. Comments submitted to the Department by mail or hand
delivery/courier should include one signed original paper copy. No
telefacsimiles will be accepted. Comments submitted in response to this
notice will become a matter of public record and will be made publicly
available.
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Information
DOE welcomes comments on the energy use and energy efficiency of
commercial and industrial pumps and related issues. DOE is particularly
interested in receiving comments from interested parties on the
following issues:
(1) Definition(s) of pumps, pump product classes, and diversity of
pump types within pump product classes;
(2) Energy use by pumps as summarized in Table 3.1;
(3) Overview of the industrial and commercial pump market,
including shipments and efficiencies ranges;
(4) Availability and applicability of U.S. and international test
procedures for pumps;
(5) Assistance and resources available from stakeholders, states,
local jurisdictions, and others.
Issued in Washington, DC on June 7, 2011.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
[FR Doc. 2011-14553 Filed 6-10-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
