Notice of Inventory Completion: California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, 14052-14054 [2011-5875]
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14052
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices
Community of the Santa Rosa
Rancheria, California (Tachi Yokut
Tribe); Table Mountain Rancheria of
California; Tule River Indian
Reservation of the Tule River
Reservation, California; and the
Tubatulabals of Kern Valley, a nonFederally recognized Indian group, that
this notice has been published.
Dated: March 9, 2011.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2011–5877 Filed 3–14–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[2253–665]
Notice of Inventory Completion:
Sabine River Authority of Texas,
Quitman, TX
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human
remains and associated funerary objects
in the control of Sabine River Authority
of Texas, Quitman, TX. The human
remains and associated funerary objects
were removed from Hunt County, TX.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects. The
National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by University of
North Texas and the Sabine River
Authority of Texas professional staff in
consultation with representatives of the
Caddo Nation of Oklahoma; Comanche
Nation, Oklahoma; and the Wichita and
Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco
and Tawakonie), Oklahoma.
On or about June 16, 2006, human
remains representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from the
lakebed of Lake Tawakoni, in Hunt
County, TX, by an unknown person.
The remains were exposed due to
drought related low water levels in Lake
Tawakoni in the Caddo Inlet, and
subsequently reported to the Hunt
County Sheriff’s Department. The
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Sheriff’s Department sent the remains to
the University of North Texas, Denton,
TX, for forensic evaluation. The human
remains and non-human bone
fragments, which are considered to be
associated funerary objects, were turned
over to the Sabine River Authority of
Texas on July 6, 2006. No known
individual was identified. The 20
associated funerary objects are nonhuman bone fragments.
Dr. Harrell Gill-King, Anthropologist,
University of North Texas, performed an
examination of the human and nonhuman remains at the request of the
Hunt County Sheriff’s Department. Dr.
King’s investigation determined that the
human remains are of a 30–50-year-old
male of Native American ancestry and
estimated to be over 200 years old.
The Texas Historical Commission
suggested that the Caddo Nation of
Oklahoma; Comanche Nation,
Oklahoma; and the Wichita and
Affiliated Tribes, Oklahoma, may have
inhabited the region approximately
200–300 years ago. Following initial
correspondence with the Indian tribes,
the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes have
indicated that the remains are affiliated
with their tribe based on the age of the
remains and the tribe’s presence in the
area during that time period. The Caddo
Nation of Oklahoma agreed that the age
of the remains and their location at the
edge of the Caddo Nation’s original
homelands, indicated that the remains
were likely to be affiliated with the
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. The
Comanche Nation, Oklahoma indicated
that if the remains were buried 200
years ago, then the remains were
probably not affiliated with the
Comanche Nation.
Officials of the Sabine River Authority
of Texas have determined, pursuant to
25 U.S.C. 3001(9), that the human
remains described above represent the
physical remains of one individual of
Native American ancestry. Officials of
the Sabine River Authority of Texas also
have determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(3)(A), that the 20 objects described
above are reasonably believed to have
been placed with or near individual
human remains at the time of death or
later as part of the death rite or
ceremony. Lastly, officials of the Sabine
River Authority of Texas have
determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(2), that there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be
reasonably traced between the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects and the
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes,
Oklahoma.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
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affiliated with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact Melvin Swoboda, Sabine River
Authority of Texas, P.O. Box 579,
Orange, TX 77631–0579, telephone
(409) 746–2192, before April 14, 2011.
Repatriation of the human remains and
associated funerary objects to the
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes,
Oklahoma, may proceed after that date
if no additional claimants come
forward.
Sabine River Authority of Texas is
responsible for notifying the Caddo
Nation of Oklahoma; Comanche Nation,
Oklahoma; and the Wichita and
Affiliated Tribes, Oklahoma, that this
notice has been published.
Dated: March 9, 2011.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2011–5881 Filed 3–14–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[2253–665]
Notice of Inventory Completion:
California State University,
Sacramento, Sacramento, CA
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human
remains and associated funerary objects
in the possession of California State
University, Sacramento, Sacramento,
CA. The human remains and associated
funerary objects were removed from Site
CA–SAC–16, Sacramento County, CA.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects. The
National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by California State
University, Sacramento, professional
staff in consultation with
representatives of the Buena Vista
Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Cortina Indian Rancheria of
Wintun Indians of California; Ione Band
of Miwok Indians of California; Shingle
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract),
California; and United Auburn Indian
Community of the Auburn Rancheria of
California, as well as the non-Federally
recognized Indian groups of the El
Dorado Miwok Tribe and Nashville-El
Dorado Miwok. The Wilton Rancheria,
California, and Yocha Dehe Wintun
Nation, California (formerly the Rumsey
Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of
California) were also contacted, but did
not participate in consultation on the
human remains and associated funerary
objects described in this notice.
At an unknown time in the 1930s,
human remains representing a
minimum of four individuals were
removed from private property on Site
CA–SAC–16, in Sacramento County,
CA. The human remains were in the
possession of Anthony Zallio, the
collector. In 1951, the human remains,
along with the rest of the Zallio
Collection, were donated to Sacramento
State College (now California State
University, Sacramento). No known
individuals were identified. No
associated funerary objects are present.
In 1953, human remains representing
a minimum of two individuals were
removed from private property on Site
CA–SAC–16, in Sacramento County,
CA, during an excavation project.
Faculty and students from Sacramento
State College conducted the excavation.
One additional individual is either
missing from the collection or was not
collected from the field. No known
individuals were identified. The 583
associated funerary objects are 545
beads, 5 bags of debitage, 17 bags of
faunal material, 2 modified faunal
bones, 8 ornaments, and 6 projectile
points. Eight additional associated
funerary objects (three beads and five
projectile points) are missing.
From 1961 to 1971, human remains
representing a minimum of 89
individuals were removed from private
property on Site CA–SAC–16, in
Sacramento County, CA, during an
excavation project. Faculty and students
from American River College conducted
the salvage excavation. The collection
was later transferred to California State
University, Sacramento. Seven
additional individuals are either
missing or were not collected from the
field. No known individuals were
identified. The one associated funerary
object is a baked clay net sinker. Eight
additional associated funerary objects
(seven beads and one projectile point)
are missing.
In 1971, human remains representing
a minimum of 26 individuals were
removed from private property on Site
CA–SAC–16, in Sacramento County,
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CA, during a salvage excavation project.
Faculty and students from Sacramento
State College conducted the salvage
excavation. Thirteen additional
individuals are either missing or were
not collected from the field. No known
individuals were identified. The 2,867
associated funerary objects are 2 bone
awls, 22 bags of baked clay, 2,747 beads,
1 bone tube, 3 bags of carbonized
material, 12 bags of debitage, 17 bags of
faunal material, 1 piece of glass, 8 bags
of grave fill, 2 pieces of metal, 10
modified faunal bones, 29 ornaments, 6
projectile points, 6 stone tools, and 1
whistle. Thirty-two additional
associated funerary objects (4 bone awls,
2 bags of baked clay, 2 beads, 1 biface,
1 bone tube, 1 bag of carbonized
material, 1 bag of debitage, 15 bags of
faunal material, 2 fire cracked rocks, 2
modified faunal bones, and 1 whistle)
are missing.
In 1990, human remains representing
two individuals were removed from Site
CA–SAC–16, in Sacramento County,
CA, during a test excavation project.
The Far Western Anthropological
Research Group Inc. conducted the test
excavation. In 1991, the remains were
deposited at the university. No known
individuals were identified. No
associated funerary objects are present.
The artifact types and burial practices
observed at Site CA–SAC–16 indicate
that it was first occupied during the
Middle Horizon, and was inhabited into
the Historic Period. The presence of
rough disk Olivella beads and glass
trade beads associated with the Hudson
Bay fur trappers suggests that some
burials may date to the 1830s, when an
epidemic attributed to malaria spread
among Native populations along the
Sacramento River. The lack of
archaeological and historical evidence
for occupation of the site after the
epidemic provides circumstantial
support that the site was abandoned at
this time. The surviving occupants of
the site may have joined with
neighboring groups to the south (in the
vicinity of Sacramento), to the north
(Verona), and to the east (in the
foothills).
Archeological evidence indicates that
the lower Sacramento Valley and Delta
regions were continuously occupied
since at least the Early Horizon (5550–
550 B.C.). Cultural changes indicated by
artifact typologies and burial patterns,
historical linguistic evidence, and
biological evidence reveal that the
populations in the region were not
static, with both in situ cultural changes
and migrations of outside populations
into the area. Linguistic evidence
suggests that ancestral-Penutian
speaking groups related to modern day
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14053
Miwok, Nisenan, and Patwin groups
occupied the region during the Middle
(550 B.C.–A.D. 1100) and Late (A.D.
1100—Historic) Horizons, with some
admixing between these groups and
Hokan-speaking groups that occupied
the region at an earlier date. The genetic
data suggests that the Penutians may
have arrived later than suggested by the
linguistic evidence.
Geographical data from ethnohistoric
and ethnographic sources indicate that
the site was most likely occupied by
Nisenan-speaking groups at the
beginning of the Historic Period, while
Patwin-speakers occupied the valley
west of the Sacramento River and
Miwok-speakers resided south of the
American River. Ethnographic data and
expert testimony from the tribal
representatives support the high level of
interaction between groups in the lower
Sacramento Valley and Delta regions
that crosscut linguistic boundaries.
Historic population movements resulted
in an increased level of shifting among
populations, especially among the
Miwok and Nisenan, who were
impacted by disease and Euro-American
activities relating to Sutter’s Fort and
later gold-rush activities.
In summary, officials of California
State University, Sacramento, together
with the University’s College of Social
Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies
Committee on Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
Compliance (SSIS NAGPRA
Committee), reasonably believe that the
ethnographic, historical, and
geographical evidence indicates that the
historic burials and cultural items
recovered from Site CA–SAC–16 are
most closely affiliated with
contemporary descendants of the
Nisenan, and have more distant ties to
neighboring groups, such as the Plains
Miwok. Furthermore, the earlier cultural
items from the Middle and Late
Horizons share cultural relations with
the Nisenan and Plains Miwok based on
archeological, biological, and historical
linguistic evidence.
Officials of California State
University, Sacramento, have
determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(9), the human remains described
above represent a minimum of 123
individuals of Native American
ancestry. Officials of California State
University, Sacramento, also have
determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(3)(A), that the 3,451 objects
described above are reasonably believed
to have been placed with or near
individual human remains at the time of
death or later as part of the death rite
or ceremony. Lastly, officials of
California State University, Sacramento,
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14054
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
have determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(2), that there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be
reasonably traced between the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects and the
Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk
Indians of California; Ione Band of
Miwok Indians of California; Shingle
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract),
California; United Auburn Indian
Community of the Auburn Rancheria of
California; and Wilton Rancheria,
California, as well as the non-Federally
recognized Indian groups of the El
Dorado Miwok Tribe and Nashville-El
Dorado Miwok.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact Charles Gossett, Dean of the
College of Social Sciences and
Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J
St., Sacramento, CA 95819–6109,
telephone: (916) 278–6504, before April
14, 2011. Repatriation of the human
remains and associated funerary objects
to the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk
Indians of California; Ione Band of
Miwok Indians of California; Shingle
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract),
California; United Auburn Indian
Community of the Auburn Rancheria of
California; and Wilton Rancheria,
California, may proceed after that date
if no additional claimants come
forward.
California State University,
Sacramento, is responsible for notifying
the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk
Indians of California; Cortina Indian
Rancheria of Wintun Indians of
California; Ione Band of Miwok Indians
of California; Shingle Springs Band of
Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs
Rancheria (Verona Tract), California;
United Auburn Indian Community of
the Auburn Rancheria of California;
Wilton Rancheria, California; and Yocha
Dehe Wintun Nation, California, as well
as the non-federally recognized Indian
groups of the El Dorado Miwok Tribe
and Nashville-El Dorado Miwok that
this notice has been published.
Dated: March 9, 2011.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2011–5875 Filed 3–14–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–P
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[2253–665]
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Land Management, White River Field
Office, Meeker, CO and Colorado State
University, Laboratory of Public
Archaeology, Fort Collins, CO
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human
remains and associated funerary objects
in the control of the U.S. Department of
the Interior, Bureau of Land
Management, White River Field Office,
Meeker, CO, and in the possession of
the Colorado State University,
Laboratory of Public Archaeology, Fort
Collins, CO. The human remains were
removed from the Canyon Pintado
National Historic District, Rio Blanco
County, CO.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects. The
National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by the Bureau of
Land Management, White River Field
Office, and Colorado State University
professional staff, in consultation with
representatives of the Hopi Tribe of
Arizona; Jicarilla Apache Nation, New
Mexico; Kiowa Indian Tribe of
Oklahoma; Navajo Nation, Arizona,
New Mexico & Utah; Ohkay Owingeh,
New Mexico; Paiute Indian Tribe of
Utah; Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico;
Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico;
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort
Hall Reservation of Idaho; Shoshone
Tribe of the Wind River Reservation,
Wyoming; Southern Ute Indian Tribe of
the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado;
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North &
South Dakota; Ute Indian Tribe of the
Uintah & Ouray Reservation, Utah; and
Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain
Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico &
Utah (hereinafter referred to as ‘‘The
Tribes’’).
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In 1977, human remains representing
a minimum number of one individual
were removed from site 5RB699, in Rio
Blanco County, CO, on public lands
administered by the Bureau of Land
Management, White River Field Office.
The remains are represented by a single
human tooth that was recovered from an
excavation trench during excavations
conducted by the Colorado State
University, Laboratory of Public
Archaeology. No known individual was
identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
In 1977, human remains representing
a minimum number of one individual
were removed from site 5RB761, in Rio
Blanco County, CO, on public lands
administered by the Bureau of Land
Management, White River Field Office.
The remains are represented by a partial
skeleton and associated hide and
cordage that were recovered from a rock
crevice burial during excavations
conducted by the Colorado State
University, Laboratory of Public
Archaeology. No known individual was
identified. The two associated funerary
objects are a hide and cordage.
In 2009, Colorado State University,
Laboratory of Public Archaeology,
located the two sets of remains in their
holdings and informed the Bureau of
Land Management. Subsequently, the
Bureau of Land Management moved the
human remains and associated funerary
objects from the Colorado State
University, Laboratory of Public
Archaeology facility to more secure
storage at the Bureau of Land
Management’s Federal collections
depository at the Museum of Western
Colorado pending repatriation.
The Bureau of Land Management has
determined that the preponderance of
evidence shows that the human remains
are Native American and have Ute
cultural affiliation. Visual inspection by
Colorado State University, Laboratory of
Public Archaeology, of the skeletal
morphology of the burial individual
from site 5RB761 demonstrated tooth
wear likely associated with Native
Americans. Rock crevice burials are
strongly associated with Native
American practices, in particular with
Ute tribes. Also, the burial was located
directly underneath a rock art panel that
is consistent with the Early Ute Historic
Style of rock art found in the region.
Site 5RB699 dated Fremont and Ute
occupations. Finally, both site 5RB761
and site 5RB699 are located within
lands that were traditionally occupied
by the Ute band that is now represented
by the Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah &
Ouray Reservation, Utah.
Officials of the Bureau of Land
Management, White River Field Office,
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 50 (Tuesday, March 15, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 14052-14054]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-5875]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[2253-665]
Notice of Inventory Completion: California State University,
Sacramento, Sacramento, CA
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human remains and associated funerary
objects in the possession of California State University, Sacramento,
Sacramento, CA. The human remains and associated funerary objects were
removed from Site CA-SAC-16, Sacramento County, CA.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and associated funerary objects. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by California
State University, Sacramento, professional staff in consultation with
representatives of the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of
California; Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California;
Ione Band of Miwok Indians of California; Shingle
[[Page 14053]]
Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona
Tract), California; and United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn
Rancheria of California, as well as the non-Federally recognized Indian
groups of the El Dorado Miwok Tribe and Nashville-El Dorado Miwok. The
Wilton Rancheria, California, and Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, California
(formerly the Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California)
were also contacted, but did not participate in consultation on the
human remains and associated funerary objects described in this notice.
At an unknown time in the 1930s, human remains representing a
minimum of four individuals were removed from private property on Site
CA-SAC-16, in Sacramento County, CA. The human remains were in the
possession of Anthony Zallio, the collector. In 1951, the human
remains, along with the rest of the Zallio Collection, were donated to
Sacramento State College (now California State University, Sacramento).
No known individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects
are present.
In 1953, human remains representing a minimum of two individuals
were removed from private property on Site CA-SAC-16, in Sacramento
County, CA, during an excavation project. Faculty and students from
Sacramento State College conducted the excavation. One additional
individual is either missing from the collection or was not collected
from the field. No known individuals were identified. The 583
associated funerary objects are 545 beads, 5 bags of debitage, 17 bags
of faunal material, 2 modified faunal bones, 8 ornaments, and 6
projectile points. Eight additional associated funerary objects (three
beads and five projectile points) are missing.
From 1961 to 1971, human remains representing a minimum of 89
individuals were removed from private property on Site CA-SAC-16, in
Sacramento County, CA, during an excavation project. Faculty and
students from American River College conducted the salvage excavation.
The collection was later transferred to California State University,
Sacramento. Seven additional individuals are either missing or were not
collected from the field. No known individuals were identified. The one
associated funerary object is a baked clay net sinker. Eight additional
associated funerary objects (seven beads and one projectile point) are
missing.
In 1971, human remains representing a minimum of 26 individuals
were removed from private property on Site CA-SAC-16, in Sacramento
County, CA, during a salvage excavation project. Faculty and students
from Sacramento State College conducted the salvage excavation.
Thirteen additional individuals are either missing or were not
collected from the field. No known individuals were identified. The
2,867 associated funerary objects are 2 bone awls, 22 bags of baked
clay, 2,747 beads, 1 bone tube, 3 bags of carbonized material, 12 bags
of debitage, 17 bags of faunal material, 1 piece of glass, 8 bags of
grave fill, 2 pieces of metal, 10 modified faunal bones, 29 ornaments,
6 projectile points, 6 stone tools, and 1 whistle. Thirty-two
additional associated funerary objects (4 bone awls, 2 bags of baked
clay, 2 beads, 1 biface, 1 bone tube, 1 bag of carbonized material, 1
bag of debitage, 15 bags of faunal material, 2 fire cracked rocks, 2
modified faunal bones, and 1 whistle) are missing.
In 1990, human remains representing two individuals were removed
from Site CA-SAC-16, in Sacramento County, CA, during a test excavation
project. The Far Western Anthropological Research Group Inc. conducted
the test excavation. In 1991, the remains were deposited at the
university. No known individuals were identified. No associated
funerary objects are present.
The artifact types and burial practices observed at Site CA-SAC-16
indicate that it was first occupied during the Middle Horizon, and was
inhabited into the Historic Period. The presence of rough disk Olivella
beads and glass trade beads associated with the Hudson Bay fur trappers
suggests that some burials may date to the 1830s, when an epidemic
attributed to malaria spread among Native populations along the
Sacramento River. The lack of archaeological and historical evidence
for occupation of the site after the epidemic provides circumstantial
support that the site was abandoned at this time. The surviving
occupants of the site may have joined with neighboring groups to the
south (in the vicinity of Sacramento), to the north (Verona), and to
the east (in the foothills).
Archeological evidence indicates that the lower Sacramento Valley
and Delta regions were continuously occupied since at least the Early
Horizon (5550-550 B.C.). Cultural changes indicated by artifact
typologies and burial patterns, historical linguistic evidence, and
biological evidence reveal that the populations in the region were not
static, with both in situ cultural changes and migrations of outside
populations into the area. Linguistic evidence suggests that ancestral-
Penutian speaking groups related to modern day Miwok, Nisenan, and
Patwin groups occupied the region during the Middle (550 B.C.-A.D.
1100) and Late (A.D. 1100--Historic) Horizons, with some admixing
between these groups and Hokan-speaking groups that occupied the region
at an earlier date. The genetic data suggests that the Penutians may
have arrived later than suggested by the linguistic evidence.
Geographical data from ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources
indicate that the site was most likely occupied by Nisenan-speaking
groups at the beginning of the Historic Period, while Patwin-speakers
occupied the valley west of the Sacramento River and Miwok-speakers
resided south of the American River. Ethnographic data and expert
testimony from the tribal representatives support the high level of
interaction between groups in the lower Sacramento Valley and Delta
regions that crosscut linguistic boundaries. Historic population
movements resulted in an increased level of shifting among populations,
especially among the Miwok and Nisenan, who were impacted by disease
and Euro-American activities relating to Sutter's Fort and later gold-
rush activities.
In summary, officials of California State University, Sacramento,
together with the University's College of Social Sciences and
Interdisciplinary Studies Committee on Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act Compliance (SSIS NAGPRA Committee),
reasonably believe that the ethnographic, historical, and geographical
evidence indicates that the historic burials and cultural items
recovered from Site CA-SAC-16 are most closely affiliated with
contemporary descendants of the Nisenan, and have more distant ties to
neighboring groups, such as the Plains Miwok. Furthermore, the earlier
cultural items from the Middle and Late Horizons share cultural
relations with the Nisenan and Plains Miwok based on archeological,
biological, and historical linguistic evidence.
Officials of California State University, Sacramento, have
determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described
above represent a minimum of 123 individuals of Native American
ancestry. Officials of California State University, Sacramento, also
have determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), that the 3,451
objects described above are reasonably believed to have been placed
with or near individual human remains at the time of death or later as
part of the death rite or ceremony. Lastly, officials of California
State University, Sacramento,
[[Page 14054]]
have determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), that there is a
relationship of shared group identity that can be reasonably traced
between the Native American human remains and associated funerary
objects and the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California;
Ione Band of Miwok Indians of California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok
Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; United
Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California; and
Wilton Rancheria, California, as well as the non-Federally recognized
Indian groups of the El Dorado Miwok Tribe and Nashville-El Dorado
Miwok.
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to
be culturally affiliated with the human remains and associated funerary
objects should contact Charles Gossett, Dean of the College of Social
Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J St., Sacramento,
CA 95819-6109, telephone: (916) 278-6504, before April 14, 2011.
Repatriation of the human remains and associated funerary objects to
the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; Ione Band of
Miwok Indians of California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians,
Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; United Auburn
Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California; and Wilton
Rancheria, California, may proceed after that date if no additional
claimants come forward.
California State University, Sacramento, is responsible for
notifying the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California;
Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California; Ione Band of
Miwok Indians of California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians,
Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; United Auburn
Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California; Wilton
Rancheria, California; and Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, California, as
well as the non-federally recognized Indian groups of the El Dorado
Miwok Tribe and Nashville-El Dorado Miwok that this notice has been
published.
Dated: March 9, 2011.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2011-5875 Filed 3-14-11; 8:45 am]
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