Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Pacific Island Territory; Nonnative Rat Eradication Project, Draft Environmental Impact Statement, 10621-10623 [2011-4040]
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 38 / Friday, February 25, 2011 / Notices
Virginia
Site 3—Cheatham
P.O. Drawer 200
Yorktown VA 23691–0160
Landholding Agency: Navy
Property Number: 77201110004
Status: Unutilized
Directions: on Water Tank near bldg. 101 &
T1072, Naval Weapon Station Yorktown
Reasons: Within 2000 ft. of flammable or
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Mendocino CA 95468
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[FR Doc. 2011–4034 Filed 2–24–11; 8:45 am]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS–R1–R–2011–N011; 1265–0000–10137–
S3]
Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge,
U.S. Pacific Island Territory; Nonnative
Rat Eradication Project, Draft
Environmental Impact Statement
North Dakota
JFSE
4128 27th Ave.
Grand Forks ND 58203
Landholding Agency: Air Force
Property Number: 18201040011
Status: Unutilized
Reasons: Within 2000 ft. of flammable or
explosive material
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
Indiana
1.059 acres
Grissom AFB
Peru IN 46970
Landholding Agency: Air Force
Property Number: 18200940012
Status: Excess
Reasons: Within 2000 ft. of flammable or
explosive material
We, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service), announce the
availability of Palmyra Atoll National
Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) nonnative rat
eradication project draft environmental
impact statement (DEIS) for public
review and comment. In the DEIS we
describe a range of alternatives for
eliminating nonnative rats from the
Refuge.
DATES: To ensure consideration, please
send your written comments by April
11, 2011.
ADDRESSES: You may send your
comments or requests for information by
any of the following methods. For
information on viewing or obtaining the
documents, see ‘‘Public Availability of
Documents’’ under SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION.
E-mail: pacific_reefs@fws.gov. Include
‘‘Palmyra rat project’’ in subject line.
Fax: Attn: Dr. Elizabeth Flint, 808–
792–9586.
U.S. Mail: Pacific Reefs National
Wildlife Refuge Complex, 300 Ala
Moana Blvd., Room 5–231, Honolulu,
HI 96850.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Elizabeth Flint, Supervisory Wildlife
Biologist, (808) 792–9553.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Texas
Rattlesnake ESS
FNWZ, Dyess AFB
Pecos TX 79772
Landholding Agency: Air Force
Property Number: 18200920011
Status: Unutilized
Reasons: Secured Area
24 acres
Tethered Aerostate Radar Site
Matagorda TX 77457
Landholding Agency: Air Force
Property Number: 18200920022
Status: Excess
Reasons: Secured Area
FNXH 99100
Dyess AFB
Dyess AFB TX 79607
Landholding Agency: Air Force
Property Number: 18200930012
Status: Unutilized
Reasons: Within 2000 ft. of flammable or
explosive material
2.43 acre/0.36 acre
Dyess AFB
Dyess AFB TX 79563
Landholding Agency: Air Force
Property Number: 18200930014
Status: Unutilized
Directions: FNXL 99104, 99108, 99110,
99112, FNXM 99102, 99103, 99108
Reasons: Within airport runway clear zone
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16:39 Feb 24, 2011
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Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability; request
for comments.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY:
Introduction
With this notice, we continue the
public involvement process for our
DEIS, in accordance with the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; 42
PO 00000
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Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
10621
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), as amended, and its
implementing regulations. We started
the process through a notice in the
Federal Register (75 FR 2158) published
on January 14, 2010.
Refuge Overview
Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife
Refuge is located in the Northern Line
Islands, approximately 1,000 miles
south of Honolulu, HI, in the central
Pacific Ocean. The Refuge encompasses
nearly all of the Palmyra Atoll (Atoll).
The Atoll consists of approximately 54
small, heavily vegetated islets
surrounding 3 central lagoons. Habitats
consist of 680 acres of land and 15,512
acres of lagoons and shallow reefs. The
Nature Conservancy (TNC) purchased
the Atoll’s islands in 2000 from private
landowners, and later sold most of the
islands to the Service. The Refuge was
established to manage, conserve,
protect, and restore fish, wildlife, and
plant resources and their habitats for
future generations.
The Nature Conservancy retained
ownership of Cooper and Menge
Islands, and established a small research
station on Cooper Island that is
operational year round. The Nature
Conservancy’s mission is to preserve
plants, animals and natural
communities that represent the
biological diversity of life on Earth by
protecting the lands and waters they
need to survive. The Service and TNC
work cooperatively to protect, restore,
and enhance migratory birds, coral
reefs, and threatened and endangered
species in their natural setting on the
Atoll.
The Pacific Remote Islands Marine
National Monument (Monument) was
established on January 6, 2009, by
Presidential Proclamation by President
George W. Bush. The Refuge is one of
seven refuges in the Monument, and is
encompassed within the Monument’s
boundaries. The Refuge’s boundary
extends seaward 12 nautical miles,
encompassing 515,232 acres; the
boundary of the Monument extends
resource protection out to 50 nautical
miles. The Refuge’s terrestrial habitats
support one of the largest remaining
tropical coastal strand forests in the U.S.
Pacific Islands, primarily consisting of
the Pisonia grandis tree. A diverse land
crab fauna including the coconut crab,
ecologically intact predator-dominated
fish assemblages, and large seabird
populations are important Refuge
resources. The Refuge is closed to
commercial fishing.
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10622
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 38 / Friday, February 25, 2011 / Notices
Background
The National Environmental Policy Act
and National Wildlife Refuge System
Administration Act
We prepared the DEIS in accordance
with NEPA, and its implementing
regulations; the National Wildlife
Refuge System Administration Act of
1966 as amended by the National
Wildlife Refuge System Improvement
Act of 1997 (16 U.S.C. 668dd–668ee)
(Refuge Administration Act); and
Service regulations and policies. The
Refuge Administration Act requires
each unit of the National Wildlife
Refuge System to be managed to achieve
its establishing purposes.
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
Public Outreach
We conducted public scoping for the
DEIS from January 14 to March 1, 2010
(75 FR 2158). During that time we
requested public comments through the
Federal Register and on our Web site
https://www.fws.gov/palmyraatoll/
rainforestrestoration.html. The
comments we received covered topics
such as threats to nontarget species, our
selection of the rodenticide brodifacoum
over diphacinone, and effects to other
Refuge operations. We have considered
and evaluated these comments, and
incorporated them into the various
alternatives identified in the DEIS. We
are now requesting your comments on
our draft alternatives.
Invasive Species on the Atoll
The Atoll was significantly modified
by the U.S. Navy during World War II.
A network of roadways connecting the
major islets and the construction of a
north-south causeway altered natural
water circulation. The impacts from
invasive species on the Atoll’s native
forests, fauna, and habitats are
associated with World War II era
restructuring and invasive species
introductions that included plants
(coconut palm), insects (several ant
species, mosquitoes, and scale insects),
and mammals (black rats).
Black rats cause degradation of nearly
all aspects of the Atoll’s ecosystem,
from breeding seabird populations to
the native Pisonia forest ecotype. Rats
prey on native seabirds, their eggs, and
their young, and are likely preventing
the recolonization of six additional
seabird species indigenous to the area.
The rats prey on native land crabs as
well, and directly compete with them
for limited food resources.
Black rats provide habitat for other
invasive species. The spread of coconut
palm, an invasive tree species, is likely
aided by rat-related recruitment and
limitation of other tree species. Rats
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16:39 Feb 24, 2011
Jkt 223001
foraging on coconuts create habitat for
invasive mosquitoes, and spread the
seeds of invasive flora throughout the
Atoll. The rats are modifying the
terrestrial ecosystem of this important
Atoll by limiting the reproduction,
recruitment, and establishment of
several native tree species. Coconut
palms already dominate 45 percent of
the Refuge’s forests. Left unchecked, the
combined effects of rats and coconut
palms could drastically alter forest
structure. All of these impacts in turn
affect the relationship between land and
marine resources, and compromise our
ability to achieve Refuge purposes.
Palmyra Atoll also functions as a
natural laboratory, where scientists
study ocean acidification and other
effects of anthropogenic global climate
change, including the movements of
endangered species in the absence of
other significant human-induced effects,
and other issues. Removing rats and
restoring the ecological integrity of the
ecosystem are essential for facilitating
this research.
Palmyra Atoll Restoration
Removing rats from Palmyra Atoll is
the first step in a series of restoration
efforts designed to restore the Atoll to
its pre World War II status. Rat
eradication is the first step in the
process, because eradicating the rats is
feasible and relatively fast. Removing
the rats will enhance the ecological
integrity of the Atoll by slowing the
spread of coconut palms and allowing
extirpated breeding seabird species to
recolonize. The next stage of restoration,
eradicating the coconut palms, becomes
feasible after the removal of the rats.
Eradicating rats from Palmyra is
expected to result in biodiversity
benefits for seabirds, plants, terrestrial
invertebrates, and other components of
the Atoll’s terrestrial ecosystem.
Removing the threat of rats will give
Palmyra’s remnant native forest and the
extant and likely extirpated seabird
species the opportunity to recover. The
benefit of this conservation action is
significant from a regional perspective
because Palmyra is the only moist
tropical atoll ecosystem in the Central
Pacific with strong Federal protections
that is not experiencing exploitation of
both marine and terrestrial natural
resources by burgeoning human
populations. Removing rats from
Palmyra will help prevent the extinction
of the Central Pacific moist tropical
island ecotype.
Alternatives
We developed four alternatives,
including Alternative A, our no action
alternative. The action alternatives—
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Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
Alternatives B, C, and D—were
developed to focus on the primary
issues we identified internally and in
comments we received during public
scoping from the public, national and
international experts in island rodent
eradication, and government regulatory
agencies.
The potential impacts of the
alternatives are assessed in the DEIS,
and where appropriate, mitigation
measures are applied to reduce the
intensity of or avoid the potential
effects. A brief description of each
alternative follows.
Under Alternative A, our no-action
alternative, no new actions to eradicate
the black rat population from Palmyra
Atoll would be implemented, and the
black rat would continue to multiply
and harm the Atoll’s environment.
Under Alternative B, we would apply
a brodifacoum pesticide where
appropriate using hand baiting, aerial
application, and bait stations, to
eliminate black rats from Palmyra Atoll.
Under Alternative C, we would apply
a brodifacoum pesticide where
appropriate using hand baiting, aerial
application, and bait stations, to
eliminate black rats from Palmyra Atoll.
We would also proactively mitigate
potential risks to vulnerable shorebirds.
Under Alternative D, we would
establish brodifacoum bait stations and
conduct canopy baiting to eliminate
black rats from Palmyra Atoll.
Public Availability of the DEIS
The DEIS is available for viewing and
downloading on our Web site at
https://www.fws.gov/palmyraatoll/.
Printed copies of the DEIS may be
reviewed at the Pacific Reefs National
Wildlife Refuge Complex Office, 300
Ala Moana Blvd., Room 5–211,
Honolulu, HI 96850; phone (808) 792–
9550.
Next Steps
After this comment period ends, we
will analyze the comments and address
them in the form of a final
environmental impact statement.
Public Availability of Comments
Before including your address, phone
number, e-mail address, or other
personal identifying information in your
comment, you should be aware that
your entire comment—including your
personal identifying information—may
be made publicly available at any time.
While you can ask us in your comment
to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we
cannot guarantee that we will be able to
do so.
E:\FR\FM\25FEN1.SGM
25FEN1
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 38 / Friday, February 25, 2011 / Notices
Dated: February 4, 2011.
Robyn Thorson,
Regional Director, Region 1, Portland, Oregon.
[FR Doc. 2011–4040 Filed 2–24–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310–55–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS–R9–IA–2011–N035; 96300–1671–
0000–P5]
Endangered Species; Marine
Mammals; Receipt of Applications for
Permit
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of receipt of applications
for permit.
AGENCY:
We, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, invite the public to
comment on the following applications
to conduct certain activities with
endangered species, marine mammals,
or both. With some exceptions, the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) and
Marine Mammal Protection Act
(MMPA) prohibit activities with listed
species unless a Federal permit is issued
that allows such activities. Both laws
require that we invite public comment
before issuing these permits.
DATES: We must receive comments or
requests for documents on or before
March 28, 2011. We must receive
requests for marine mammal permit
public hearings, in writing, at the
address shown in the ADDRESSES section
by March 28, 2011.
ADDRESSES: Brenda Tapia, Division of
Management Authority, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax
Drive, Room 212, Arlington, VA 22203;
fax (703) 358–2280; or e-mail
DMAFR@fws.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Brenda Tapia, (703) 358–2104
(telephone); (703) 358–2280 (fax);
DMAFR@fws.gov (e-mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
SUMMARY:
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
I. Public Comment Procedures
A. How do I request copies of
applications or comment on submitted
applications?
Send your request for copies of
applications or comments and materials
concerning any of the applications to
the contact listed under ADDRESSES.
Please include the Federal Register
notice publication date, the PRTnumber, and the name of the applicant
in your request or submission. We will
not consider requests or comments sent
to an e-mail or address not listed under
VerDate Mar<15>2010
16:39 Feb 24, 2011
Jkt 223001
ADDRESSES.
If you provide an e-mail
address in your request for copies of
applications, we will attempt to respond
to your request electronically.
Please make your requests or
comments as specific as possible. Please
confine your comments to issues for
which we seek comments in this notice,
and explain the basis for your
comments. Include sufficient
information with your comments to
allow us to authenticate any scientific or
commercial data you include.
The comments and recommendations
that will be most useful and likely to
influence agency decisions are: (1)
Those supported by quantitative
information or studies; and (2) Those
that include citations to, and analyses
of, the applicable laws and regulations.
We will not consider or include in our
administrative record comments we
receive after the close of the comment
period (see DATES) or comments
delivered to an address other than those
listed above (see ADDRESSES).
B. May I review comments submitted by
others?
Comments, including names and
street addresses of respondents, will be
available for public review at the
address listed under ADDRESSES. The
public may review documents and other
information applicants have sent in
support of the application unless our
allowing viewing would violate the
Privacy Act or Freedom of Information
Act. Before including your address,
phone number, e-mail address, or other
personal identifying information in your
comment, you should be aware that
your entire comment—including your
personal identifying information—may
be made publicly available at any time.
While you can ask us in your comment
to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we
cannot guarantee that we will be able to
do so.
II. Background
To help us carry out our conservation
responsibilities for affected species, the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, section
10(a)(1)(A), as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531
et seq.), and our regulations in the Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR
17, the Marine Mammal Protection Act
of 1972, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et
seq.), and our regulations in the Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR 18
require that we invite public comment
before final action on these permit
applications. Under the MMPA, you
may request a hearing on any MMPA
application received. If you request a
hearing, give specific reasons why a
hearing would be appropriate. The
PO 00000
Frm 00069
Fmt 4703
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10623
holding of such a hearing is at the
discretion of the Service Director.
III. Permit Applications
A. Endangered Species
Applicant: U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Anchorage Field Office,
Anchorage, AK; PRT–29819A.
The applicant requests a permit to
export one short-tailed albatross
(Phoebastria albatrus) specimen,
acquired via incidental take to the
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa
Tongarewa for the purpose of
enhancement of the survival of the
species.
Applicant: Caroline Stahala, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, FL; PRT–
29587A.
The applicant requests a permit to
import 150 blood samples from Bahama
parrot (Amazona leucocephala
bahamensis), for the purpose of
scientific research and enhancement of
the survival of the species.
Multiple Applicants
The following applicants each request
a permit to import the sport-hunted
trophy of one male bontebok
(Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) culled
from a captive herd maintained under
the management program of the
Republic of South Africa, for the
purpose of enhancement of the survival
of the species.
Applicant: Russell Herring, Phenix
City, AL; PRT–23648A.
Applicant: Nicholas Andreola,
Garland, TX; PRT–34141A.
Applicant: Harold Rank, Colton, CA;
PRT–35237A.
Applicant: Jeffrey Bearden. League
City, TX; PRT–35221A.
B. Endangered Marine Mammals and
Marine Mammals
Applicant: Wild Horizons, Ltd.,
Bristol, United Kingdom; PRT–31164A.
The applicant requests a permit to
photograph northern sea otters (Enhydra
lutris kenyoni) in Alaska, from the air
and the ground and in the water, for
commercial and educational purposes.
This notification covers activities to be
conducted by the applicant over a 1year period.
Concurrent with publishing this
notice in the Federal Register, we are
forwarding copies of the above
application to the Marine Mammal
Commission and the Committee of
Scientific Advisors for their review.
E:\FR\FM\25FEN1.SGM
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 38 (Friday, February 25, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 10621-10623]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-4040]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS-R1-R-2011-N011; 1265-0000-10137-S3]
Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Pacific Island
Territory; Nonnative Rat Eradication Project, Draft Environmental
Impact Statement
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability; request for comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the
availability of Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge)
nonnative rat eradication project draft environmental impact statement
(DEIS) for public review and comment. In the DEIS we describe a range
of alternatives for eliminating nonnative rats from the Refuge.
DATES: To ensure consideration, please send your written comments by
April 11, 2011.
ADDRESSES: You may send your comments or requests for information by
any of the following methods. For information on viewing or obtaining
the documents, see ``Public Availability of Documents'' under
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
E-mail: pacific_reefs@fws.gov. Include ``Palmyra rat project'' in
subject line.
Fax: Attn: Dr. Elizabeth Flint, 808-792-9586.
U.S. Mail: Pacific Reefs National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 300 Ala
Moana Blvd., Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elizabeth Flint, Supervisory Wildlife
Biologist, (808) 792-9553.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Introduction
With this notice, we continue the public involvement process for
our DEIS, in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), as amended, and its implementing
regulations. We started the process through a notice in the Federal
Register (75 FR 2158) published on January 14, 2010.
Refuge Overview
Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Northern
Line Islands, approximately 1,000 miles south of Honolulu, HI, in the
central Pacific Ocean. The Refuge encompasses nearly all of the Palmyra
Atoll (Atoll). The Atoll consists of approximately 54 small, heavily
vegetated islets surrounding 3 central lagoons. Habitats consist of 680
acres of land and 15,512 acres of lagoons and shallow reefs. The Nature
Conservancy (TNC) purchased the Atoll's islands in 2000 from private
landowners, and later sold most of the islands to the Service. The
Refuge was established to manage, conserve, protect, and restore fish,
wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats for future
generations.
The Nature Conservancy retained ownership of Cooper and Menge
Islands, and established a small research station on Cooper Island that
is operational year round. The Nature Conservancy's mission is to
preserve plants, animals and natural communities that represent the
biological diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and
waters they need to survive. The Service and TNC work cooperatively to
protect, restore, and enhance migratory birds, coral reefs, and
threatened and endangered species in their natural setting on the
Atoll.
The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (Monument) was
established on January 6, 2009, by Presidential Proclamation by
President George W. Bush. The Refuge is one of seven refuges in the
Monument, and is encompassed within the Monument's boundaries. The
Refuge's boundary extends seaward 12 nautical miles, encompassing
515,232 acres; the boundary of the Monument extends resource protection
out to 50 nautical miles. The Refuge's terrestrial habitats support one
of the largest remaining tropical coastal strand forests in the U.S.
Pacific Islands, primarily consisting of the Pisonia grandis tree. A
diverse land crab fauna including the coconut crab, ecologically intact
predator-dominated fish assemblages, and large seabird populations are
important Refuge resources. The Refuge is closed to commercial fishing.
[[Page 10622]]
Background
The National Environmental Policy Act and National Wildlife Refuge
System Administration Act
We prepared the DEIS in accordance with NEPA, and its implementing
regulations; the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of
1966 as amended by the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act
of 1997 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee) (Refuge Administration Act); and
Service regulations and policies. The Refuge Administration Act
requires each unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System to be managed
to achieve its establishing purposes.
Public Outreach
We conducted public scoping for the DEIS from January 14 to March
1, 2010 (75 FR 2158). During that time we requested public comments
through the Federal Register and on our Web site https://www.fws.gov/palmyraatoll/rainforestrestoration.html. The comments we received
covered topics such as threats to nontarget species, our selection of
the rodenticide brodifacoum over diphacinone, and effects to other
Refuge operations. We have considered and evaluated these comments, and
incorporated them into the various alternatives identified in the DEIS.
We are now requesting your comments on our draft alternatives.
Invasive Species on the Atoll
The Atoll was significantly modified by the U.S. Navy during World
War II. A network of roadways connecting the major islets and the
construction of a north-south causeway altered natural water
circulation. The impacts from invasive species on the Atoll's native
forests, fauna, and habitats are associated with World War II era
restructuring and invasive species introductions that included plants
(coconut palm), insects (several ant species, mosquitoes, and scale
insects), and mammals (black rats).
Black rats cause degradation of nearly all aspects of the Atoll's
ecosystem, from breeding seabird populations to the native Pisonia
forest ecotype. Rats prey on native seabirds, their eggs, and their
young, and are likely preventing the recolonization of six additional
seabird species indigenous to the area. The rats prey on native land
crabs as well, and directly compete with them for limited food
resources.
Black rats provide habitat for other invasive species. The spread
of coconut palm, an invasive tree species, is likely aided by rat-
related recruitment and limitation of other tree species. Rats foraging
on coconuts create habitat for invasive mosquitoes, and spread the
seeds of invasive flora throughout the Atoll. The rats are modifying
the terrestrial ecosystem of this important Atoll by limiting the
reproduction, recruitment, and establishment of several native tree
species. Coconut palms already dominate 45 percent of the Refuge's
forests. Left unchecked, the combined effects of rats and coconut palms
could drastically alter forest structure. All of these impacts in turn
affect the relationship between land and marine resources, and
compromise our ability to achieve Refuge purposes.
Palmyra Atoll also functions as a natural laboratory, where
scientists study ocean acidification and other effects of anthropogenic
global climate change, including the movements of endangered species in
the absence of other significant human-induced effects, and other
issues. Removing rats and restoring the ecological integrity of the
ecosystem are essential for facilitating this research.
Palmyra Atoll Restoration
Removing rats from Palmyra Atoll is the first step in a series of
restoration efforts designed to restore the Atoll to its pre World War
II status. Rat eradication is the first step in the process, because
eradicating the rats is feasible and relatively fast. Removing the rats
will enhance the ecological integrity of the Atoll by slowing the
spread of coconut palms and allowing extirpated breeding seabird
species to recolonize. The next stage of restoration, eradicating the
coconut palms, becomes feasible after the removal of the rats.
Eradicating rats from Palmyra is expected to result in biodiversity
benefits for seabirds, plants, terrestrial invertebrates, and other
components of the Atoll's terrestrial ecosystem. Removing the threat of
rats will give Palmyra's remnant native forest and the extant and
likely extirpated seabird species the opportunity to recover. The
benefit of this conservation action is significant from a regional
perspective because Palmyra is the only moist tropical atoll ecosystem
in the Central Pacific with strong Federal protections that is not
experiencing exploitation of both marine and terrestrial natural
resources by burgeoning human populations. Removing rats from Palmyra
will help prevent the extinction of the Central Pacific moist tropical
island ecotype.
Alternatives
We developed four alternatives, including Alternative A, our no
action alternative. The action alternatives--Alternatives B, C, and D--
were developed to focus on the primary issues we identified internally
and in comments we received during public scoping from the public,
national and international experts in island rodent eradication, and
government regulatory agencies.
The potential impacts of the alternatives are assessed in the DEIS,
and where appropriate, mitigation measures are applied to reduce the
intensity of or avoid the potential effects. A brief description of
each alternative follows.
Under Alternative A, our no-action alternative, no new actions to
eradicate the black rat population from Palmyra Atoll would be
implemented, and the black rat would continue to multiply and harm the
Atoll's environment.
Under Alternative B, we would apply a brodifacoum pesticide where
appropriate using hand baiting, aerial application, and bait stations,
to eliminate black rats from Palmyra Atoll.
Under Alternative C, we would apply a brodifacoum pesticide where
appropriate using hand baiting, aerial application, and bait stations,
to eliminate black rats from Palmyra Atoll. We would also proactively
mitigate potential risks to vulnerable shorebirds.
Under Alternative D, we would establish brodifacoum bait stations
and conduct canopy baiting to eliminate black rats from Palmyra Atoll.
Public Availability of the DEIS
The DEIS is available for viewing and downloading on our Web site
at https://www.fws.gov/palmyraatoll/. Printed copies of the DEIS may be
reviewed at the Pacific Reefs National Wildlife Refuge Complex Office,
300 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 5-211, Honolulu, HI 96850; phone (808) 792-
9550.
Next Steps
After this comment period ends, we will analyze the comments and
address them in the form of a final environmental impact statement.
Public Availability of Comments
Before including your address, phone number, e-mail address, or
other personal identifying information in your comment, you should be
aware that your entire comment--including your personal identifying
information--may be made publicly available at any time. While you can
ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be
able to do so.
[[Page 10623]]
Dated: February 4, 2011.
Robyn Thorson,
Regional Director, Region 1, Portland, Oregon.
[FR Doc. 2011-4040 Filed 2-24-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P