National Toxicology Program (NTP); NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM); Federal Agency Responses to Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) Recommendations on Two Nonradioactive Versions of the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) for Assessing Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) Hazard Potential of Chemicals and Products, and Expanded Uses of the LLNA for Pesticide Formulations and Other Products; Notice of Availability, 2388-2390 [2011-669]
Download as PDF
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
2388
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices
Elizabeth Doyle, PhD, Chief, Human Health
Risk Assessment Branch, Health and
Ecological Criteria Division, Office of Science
and Technology, Office of Water, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Isabel Garcia, DDS, MPH, Acting Director,
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
Barbara Gooch, DMD, MPH, Acting
Associate Director for Science, Division of
Oral Health, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.
Jesse Goodman, MD, MPH, Chief Scientist
and Deputy Commissioner for Science and
Public Health, Food and Drug
Administration, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services.
J. Nadine Gracia, MD, MSCE, Chief
Medical Officer, Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services.
Susan O. Griffin, PhD, Health Economist,
Division of Oral Health, National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services.
Laurence Grummer-Strawn, PhD, Chief,
Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch,
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and
Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
Jay Hirschman, MPH, CNS, Director,
Special Nutrition Staff, Office of Research
and Analysis, Food and Nutrition Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Frederick Hyman, DDS, MPH, Division of
Dermatology and Dental Products, Center for
Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and
Drug Administration, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services.
Timothy Iafolla, DMD, MPH, Office of
Science and Policy Analysis, National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,
National Institutes of Health, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
William Kohn, DDS, Director, Division of
Oral Health, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.
Richard Manski, DDS, MBA, PhD, Senior
Scholar, Center for Financing, Access and
Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research
and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services.
Benson Silverman, MD, Staff Director,
Infant Formula and Medical Foods, Center
for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food
and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services.
Thomas Sinks, PhD, Deputy Director,
National Center for Environmental Health/
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services.
[FR Doc. 2011–637 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE P
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Meeting of the National Biodefense
Science Board
Department of Health and
Human Services, Office of the Secretary.
ACTION: Notice.
AGENCY:
As stipulated by the Federal
Advisory Committee Act, the U.S.
Department of Health and Human
Services is hereby giving notice that the
National Biodefense Science Board
(NBSB) will be holding a public
meeting. The meeting is open to the
public.
SUMMARY:
The NBSB will hold a public
meeting on January 25, 2011 from 1:15
p.m. to 3 p.m. ET. The agenda is subject
to change as priorities dictate.
ADDRESSES: Department of Health and
Human Services; Hubert H. Humphrey
Building, Room 800; 200 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20201.
To attend by teleconference, call 1–866–
395–4129, pass-code ‘‘ASPR.’’ Please call
15 minutes prior to the beginning of the
conference call to facilitate attendance.
Pre-registration is required for public
attendance. Individuals who wish to
attend the meeting in person should
send an email to NBSB@HHS.GOV with
‘‘NBSB Registration’’ in the subject line.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Email: NBSB@HHS.GOV.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant
to section 319M of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–7f) and
section 222 of the Public Health Service
Act (42 U.S.C. 217a), the Department of
Health and Human Services established
the National Biodefense Science Board.
The Board shall provide expert advice
and guidance to the Secretary on
scientific, technical, and other matters
of special interest to the Department of
Health and Human Services regarding
current and future chemical, biological,
nuclear, and radiological agents,
whether naturally occurring, accidental,
or deliberate. The Board may also
provide advice and guidance to the
Secretary and/or the Assistant Secretary
for Preparedness and Response on other
matters related to public health
emergency preparedness and response.
Background: A portion of this public
meeting will be dedicated to swearing in
the six new voting members who will
replace the members whose 3-year terms
expired on December 31, 2010. The
Board will be asked to consider the
various components of a science
response to disasters. Subsequent
agenda topics will be added as priorities
dictate.
DATES:
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Availability of Materials: The meeting
agenda and materials will be posted on
the NBSB Web site at https://
www.phe.gov/Preparedness/legal/
boards/nbsb/Pages/default.aspx prior to
the meeting.
Procedures for Providing Public Input:
Any member of the public providing
oral comments at the meeting must signin at the registration desk and provide
his/her name, address, and affiliation.
All written comments must be received
prior to January 18, 2011 and should be
sent by e-mail to NBSB@HHS.GOV with
‘‘NBSB Public Comment’’ as the subject
line. Individuals who plan to attend and
need special assistance, such as sign
language interpretation or other
reasonable accommodations, should email NBSB@HHS.GOV.
Dated: January 7, 2011.
Nicole Lurie,
Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and
Response.
[FR Doc. 2011–684 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4150–37–P
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
National Toxicology Program (NTP);
NTP Interagency Center for the
Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological
Methods (NICEATM); Federal Agency
Responses to Interagency
Coordinating Committee on the
Validation of Alternative Methods
(ICCVAM) Recommendations on Two
Nonradioactive Versions of the Murine
Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) for
Assessing Allergic Contact Dermatitis
(ACD) Hazard Potential of Chemicals
and Products, and Expanded Uses of
the LLNA for Pesticide Formulations
and Other Products; Notice of
Availability
National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS), National Institutes of Health
(NIH), HHS.
ACTION: Notice of Availability.
AGENCY:
U.S. Federal agency responses
to ICCVAM test method
recommendations on two
nonradioactive versions of the LLNA for
assessing the ACD hazard potential of
chemicals and products and for
expanded uses of the LLNA for
pesticide formulations and other
products are now available on the
NICEATM–ICCVAM Web site at https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna.htm. ICCVAM
recommended the nonradioactive
LLNA: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridineenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
SUMMARY:
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices
(BrdU-ELISA) and LLNA: Daicel
Adenosine Triphosphate (DA), and
expanded uses for the LLNA. In
accordance with the ICCVAM
Authorization Act (42 U.S.C. 285l–
3(e)(4)), ICCVAM forwarded
recommendations to Federal agencies
and made these recommendations
available to the public (75 FR 37443).
Agencies have now notified ICCVAM in
writing of their findings and ICCVAM is
making these responses available to the
public.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr.
William S. Stokes, Director, NICEATM,
NIEHS, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Stop: K2–
16, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709,
(telephone) 919–541–2384, (fax) 919–
541–0947, (e-mail)
niceatm@niehs.nih.gov. Courier address:
NICEATM, NIEHS, Room 2034, 530
Davis Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
Background
In 1999, ICCVAM recommended the
LLNA as a valid safety test for assessing
the ACD hazard potential of many
chemicals and products (NIH
Publication No. 99–4494; available at
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna_PeerPanel98.htm).
ICCVAM also concluded that the LLNA,
when used as an alternative method to
the guinea pig maximization test
(GPMT) or the Buehler test (BT), could
also significantly reduce animal use and
improve animal welfare. Based on this
evaluation, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA 2003), the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, and the
U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC) subsequently
accepted the method as a valid
substitute for the GPMT and BT
(https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna_PeerPanel98.htm). The
Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) subsequently
adopted the LLNA in 2002 as
international OECD Test Guideline 429
(OECD, 2002). The International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
adopted the LLNA as ISO standard
10993–10 in 2002 (ISO, 2002).
ICCVAM recommended an updated
LLNA test method protocol in 2009 that
further reduced animal use for each
safety test by 20–40% (ICCVAM, 2009).
Federal agencies endorsed this updated
protocol (75 FR 25866). OECD Test
Guideline 429 was subsequently
updated in 2010 to incorporate the
updated revisions (OECD, 2010a). The
ISO standard was also updated in 2010
(ISO, 2010).
Compared to the LLNA, the LLNA:
BrdU-ELISA and LLNA: DA do not use
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radioactive reagents and therefore
provide additional advantages in terms
of reduced hazardous waste disposal
and broader availability for use by
laboratories that cannot use radioactive
reagents. ICCVAM concludes that the
accuracy and reliability of the LLNA:
BrdU-ELISA and LLNA: DA support
their use to determine whether
substances have the potential to cause
ACD. The protocols also include
reduced LLNA: BrdU-ELISA and LLNA:
DA procedures that should always be
considered and used where determined
appropriate because they can further
reduce animal use by 40% compared to
multi-dose procedures. The ICCVAM
evaluation and complete
recommendations for the LLNA: BrdUELISA and LLNA: DA are provided in
the ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation
Report on the Murine Local Lymph
Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA, A
Nonradioactive Alternative Test Method
to Assess the Allergic Contact
Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals and
Products (NIH Publication No. 10–7552,
available at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/
methods/immunotox/llna-ELISA/
TMER.htm) and the ICCVAM Test
Method Evaluation Report on the
Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: DA, A
Nonradioactive Alternative Test Method
to Assess the Allergic Contact
Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals and
Products (NIH Publication No. 10–7551,
available at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/
methods/immunotox/llna-DA/
TMER.htm). The OECD subsequently
adopted the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA and
LLNA: DA as international test
guidelines (OECD, 2010b, 2010c).
ICCVAM also concluded that
available data support the use of the
LLNA for safety testing of a broader
range of chemicals and products,
including pesticide formulations, metals
with the exception of nickel, substances
in aqueous solutions, and other
chemicals and products, unless there
are unique physicochemical properties
associated with these materials that may
interfere with the accuracy of the LLNA.
Aqueous solutions should be tested in
an appropriate vehicle that maintains
sufficient contact of the test article with
the skin. The ICCVAM evaluation and
complete recommendations for
expanded uses of the LLNA are
provided in ICCVAM Test Method
Evaluation Report on Using the Murine
Local Lymph Node Assay for Testing
Pesticide Formulations, Metals,
Substances in Aqueous Solutions, and
Other Products (NIH Publication No.
10–7512, available at https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/LLNA-app/TMER.htm).
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2389
ICCVAM evaluated the new versions
and applications of the LLNA in
response to a 2007 nomination from
CPSC (https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/
methods/immunotox/llnadocs/
CPSC_LLNA_nom.pdf). The nomination
requested that ICCVAM assess (1) the
validation status of the LLNA limit dose
procedure (i.e., the reduced LLNA); (2)
modified LLNA test method protocols
that do not require the use of radioactive
materials; (3) the use of the LLNA to test
mixtures, aqueous solutions, and
metals; and (4) the use of the LLNA as
a stand-alone assay to determine ACD
potency categories for hazard
classification. ICCVAM
recommendations on an updated LLNA
test method protocol that included the
reduced LLNA were communicated to
Federal agencies and each of the 15
ICCVAM agencies concurred with the
ICCVAM recommendations for the
reduced LLNA. ICCVAM has completed
the evaluation of the LLNA for its
validity for potency categorization of
chemicals causing ACD in humans.
Final ICCVAM recommendations will
be forwarded to Federal agencies in
2011.
Agency Responses to ICCVAM
Recommendations
In June 2010, ICCVAM forwarded
final test method recommendations for
the LLNA BrdU-ELISA, LLNA: DA and
the expanded uses of the LLNA to U.S.
Federal agencies for consideration (74
FR 50212), in accordance with the
ICCVAM Authorization Act of 2000 (42
U.S.C. 285l–3(e)(4)). The Act requires
agencies to review ICCVAM test method
recommendations and notify ICCVAM
in writing of their findings no later than
180 days after receipt of
recommendations. The Act also requires
ICCVAM to make ICCVAM
recommendations and agency responses
available to the public. Agency
responses are to include identification
of relevant test methods for which the
ICCVAM test method recommendations
may be added or substituted, and
indicate any revisions or planned
revisions to existing guidelines,
guidances, or regulations to be made in
response to these recommendations.
Federal agency responses include
acceptance decisions and agreement
with the test method recommendations
for the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA, LLNA: DA
and the expanded uses of the LLNA.
Several agencies also indicated that they
would communicate the ICCVAM
recommendations to stakeholders and
encourage their appropriate use. Agency
responses are available at https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna.htm.
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices
Background Information on ICCVAM
and NICEATM
ICCVAM is an interagency committee
composed of representatives from 15
Federal regulatory and research agencies
that require, use, generate, or
disseminate toxicological and safety
testing information. ICCVAM conducts
technical evaluations of new, revised,
and alternative methods with regulatory
applicability and promotes the scientific
validation and regulatory acceptance of
toxicological and safety-testing methods
that more accurately assess the safety
and hazards of chemicals and products
and that reduce, refine (decrease or
eliminate pain and distress), or replace
animal use. The ICCVAM Authorization
Act of 2000 established ICCVAM as a
permanent interagency committee of the
NIEHS under NICEATM (42 U.S.C.
285l–3(a)). NICEATM administers
ICCVAM, provides scientific and
operational support for ICCVAM-related
activities, and conducts independent
validation studies to assess the
usefulness and limitation of new,
revised, and alternative test methods.
NICEATM and ICCVAM work
collaboratively to evaluate new and
improved test methods applicable to the
needs of U.S. Federal agencies.
NICEATM and ICCVAM welcome the
public nomination of new, revised, and
alternative test methods for validation
studies and technical evaluations.
Additional information about ICCVAM
and NICEATM can be found on the
NICEATM–ICCVAM Web site (https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov).
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
References
EPA. 2003. Health Effects Test
Guidelines: OPPTS 870.2600—Skin
Sensitization. EPA 712–C–03–197.
Washington, DC: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Available: https://www.epa.gov/
ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/
Test_Guidelines/series870.htm.
ICCVAM 2010 ICCVAM Test Method
Evaluation Report. The Murine
Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdUELISA, a Nonradioactive
Alternative Test Method to Assess
the Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Potential of Chemicals and
Products. NIH Publication No. 10–
7552. Research Triangle Park, NC:
National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences. Available at:
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/
methods/immunotox/llna-ELISA/
TMER.htm.
ICCVAM. 2010. ICCVAM Test Method
Evaluation Report. The Murine
Local Lymph Node Assay: DA, a
Nonradioactive Alternative Test
VerDate Mar<15>2010
16:15 Jan 12, 2011
Jkt 223001
Method to Assess the Allergic
Contact Dermatitis Potential of
Chemicals and Products. NIH
Publication No. 10–7551. Research
Triangle Park, NC: National
Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences. Available at: https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna-D/TMER.htm.
ICCVAM. 2010. ICCVAM Test Method
Evaluation Report on Using the
LLNA for Testing Pesticide
Formulations, Metals, Substances in
Aqueous Solutions, and Other
Products. NIH Publication No. 10–
7512. Research Triangle Park, NC:
National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences. Available at:
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/
methods/immunotox/LLNA-app/
TMER.htm.
ICCVAM. 2009. Recommended
Performance Standards: Murine
Local Lymph Node Assay. NIH
Publication No. 09–7357. Research
Triangle Park, NC: National
Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences. Available at: https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna_PerfStds.htm.
ICCVAM. 1999. The Murine Local
Lymph Node Assay: A Test Method
for Assessing the Allergic Contact
Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals/
Compounds. The Results of an
Independent Peer Review
Evaluation Coordinated by ICCVAM
and NICEATM. NIH Publication No.
99–4494. Research Triangle Park,
NC: National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences.
Available at: https://
iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/
immunotox/llna_PeerPanel98.htm.
ISO. 2002. Biological evaluation of
medical devices—10993 Part 10:
Tests for irritation and delayed-type
hypersensitivity. Available for
purchase at: https://www.iso.org/iso/
home.htm.
ISO. 2010. Biological evaluation of
medical devices—10993 Part 10:
Tests for irritation and skin
sensitization. Available for
purchase at: https://www.iso.org/iso/
home.htm.
OECD. 2002. Test Guideline 429. Skin
Sensitization: Local Lymph Node
Assay, adopted April 24, 2002. In:
OECD Guidelines for Testing of
Chemicals. Paris: OECD.
OECD. 2010a. Test Guideline 429. Skin
Sensitization: Local Lymph Node
Assay, adopted July 22, 2010. In:
OECD Guidelines for Testing of
Chemicals. Paris: OECD. Available
at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/
9789264071100-en.
PO 00000
Frm 00063
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
OECD. 2010b. Test Guideline 442B.
Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph
Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA, adopted
July 22, 2010. In: OECD Guidelines
for Testing of Chemicals. Paris:
OECD. Available at: https://
dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264090996en.
OECD. 2010c. Test Guideline 442A.
Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph
Node Assay: DA, adopted July 22,
2010. In: OECD Guidelines for
Testing of Chemicals. Paris: OECD.
Available at: https://dx.doi.org/
10.1787/9789264090972-en.
Dated: January 5, 2011.
John R. Bucher,
Associate Director, National Toxicology
Program.
[FR Doc. 2011–669 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4140–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality
Agency Information Collection
Activities: Proposed Collection;
Comment Request
Agency for Healthcare Research
and Quality, HHS.
ACTION: Notice.
AGENCY:
This notice announces the
intention of the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ) to request
that the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) approve the proposed
information collection project:
‘‘Connecting Primary Care Practices with
Hard-to-Reach Adolescent Populations.’’
In accordance with the Paperwork
Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501–3520,
AHRQ invites the public to comment on
this proposed information collection.
DATES: Comments on this notice must be
received by March 14, 2011.
ADDRESSES: Written comments should
be submitted to: Doris Lefkowitz,
Reports Clearance Officer, AHRQ, by
e-mail at
doris.lefkowitz@AHRQ.hhs.gov.
Copies of the proposed collection
plans, data collection instruments, and
specific details on the estimated burden
can be obtained from the AHRQ Reports
Clearance Officer.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Doris Lefkowitz, AHRQ Reports
Clearance Officer, (301) 427–1477, or by
e-mail at
doris.lefkowitz@AHRQ.hhs.gov.
SUMMARY:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
E:\FR\FM\13JAN1.SGM
13JAN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 9 (Thursday, January 13, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 2388-2390]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-669]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Toxicology Program (NTP); NTP Interagency Center for the
Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM); Federal
Agency Responses to Interagency Coordinating Committee on the
Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) Recommendations on Two
Nonradioactive Versions of the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) for
Assessing Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) Hazard Potential of
Chemicals and Products, and Expanded Uses of the LLNA for Pesticide
Formulations and Other Products; Notice of Availability
AGENCY: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS),
National Institutes of Health (NIH), HHS.
ACTION: Notice of Availability.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: U.S. Federal agency responses to ICCVAM test method
recommendations on two nonradioactive versions of the LLNA for
assessing the ACD hazard potential of chemicals and products and for
expanded uses of the LLNA for pesticide formulations and other products
are now available on the NICEATM-ICCVAM Web site at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna.htm. ICCVAM recommended the
nonradioactive LLNA: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay
[[Page 2389]]
(BrdU-ELISA) and LLNA: Daicel Adenosine Triphosphate (DA), and expanded
uses for the LLNA. In accordance with the ICCVAM Authorization Act (42
U.S.C. 285l-3(e)(4)), ICCVAM forwarded recommendations to Federal
agencies and made these recommendations available to the public (75 FR
37443). Agencies have now notified ICCVAM in writing of their findings
and ICCVAM is making these responses available to the public.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. William S. Stokes, Director,
NICEATM, NIEHS, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Stop: K2-16, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27709, (telephone) 919-541-2384, (fax) 919-541-0947, (e-mail)
niceatm@niehs.nih.gov. Courier address: NICEATM, NIEHS, Room 2034, 530
Davis Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
In 1999, ICCVAM recommended the LLNA as a valid safety test for
assessing the ACD hazard potential of many chemicals and products (NIH
Publication No. 99-4494; available at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna_PeerPanel98.htm). ICCVAM also concluded that
the LLNA, when used as an alternative method to the guinea pig
maximization test (GPMT) or the Buehler test (BT), could also
significantly reduce animal use and improve animal welfare. Based on
this evaluation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2003),
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Consumer Product
Safety Commission (CPSC) subsequently accepted the method as a valid
substitute for the GPMT and BT (https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna_PeerPanel98.htm). The Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) subsequently adopted the LLNA in 2002
as international OECD Test Guideline 429 (OECD, 2002). The
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted the LLNA
as ISO standard 10993-10 in 2002 (ISO, 2002).
ICCVAM recommended an updated LLNA test method protocol in 2009
that further reduced animal use for each safety test by 20-40% (ICCVAM,
2009). Federal agencies endorsed this updated protocol (75 FR 25866).
OECD Test Guideline 429 was subsequently updated in 2010 to incorporate
the updated revisions (OECD, 2010a). The ISO standard was also updated
in 2010 (ISO, 2010).
Compared to the LLNA, the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA and LLNA: DA do not use
radioactive reagents and therefore provide additional advantages in
terms of reduced hazardous waste disposal and broader availability for
use by laboratories that cannot use radioactive reagents. ICCVAM
concludes that the accuracy and reliability of the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA and
LLNA: DA support their use to determine whether substances have the
potential to cause ACD. The protocols also include reduced LLNA: BrdU-
ELISA and LLNA: DA procedures that should always be considered and used
where determined appropriate because they can further reduce animal use
by 40% compared to multi-dose procedures. The ICCVAM evaluation and
complete recommendations for the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA and LLNA: DA are
provided in the ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report on the Murine
Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA, A Nonradioactive Alternative Test
Method to Assess the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals
and Products (NIH Publication No. 10-7552, available at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna-ELISA/TMER.htm) and the
ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report on the Murine Local Lymph Node
Assay: DA, A Nonradioactive Alternative Test Method to Assess the
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals and Products (NIH
Publication No. 10-7551, available at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna-DA/TMER.htm). The OECD subsequently adopted the
LLNA: BrdU-ELISA and LLNA: DA as international test guidelines (OECD,
2010b, 2010c).
ICCVAM also concluded that available data support the use of the
LLNA for safety testing of a broader range of chemicals and products,
including pesticide formulations, metals with the exception of nickel,
substances in aqueous solutions, and other chemicals and products,
unless there are unique physicochemical properties associated with
these materials that may interfere with the accuracy of the LLNA.
Aqueous solutions should be tested in an appropriate vehicle that
maintains sufficient contact of the test article with the skin. The
ICCVAM evaluation and complete recommendations for expanded uses of the
LLNA are provided in ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report on Using the
Murine Local Lymph Node Assay for Testing Pesticide Formulations,
Metals, Substances in Aqueous Solutions, and Other Products (NIH
Publication No. 10-7512, available at https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/LLNA-app/TMER.htm).
ICCVAM evaluated the new versions and applications of the LLNA in
response to a 2007 nomination from CPSC (https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llnadocs/CPSC_LLNA_nom.pdf). The nomination
requested that ICCVAM assess (1) the validation status of the LLNA
limit dose procedure (i.e., the reduced LLNA); (2) modified LLNA test
method protocols that do not require the use of radioactive materials;
(3) the use of the LLNA to test mixtures, aqueous solutions, and
metals; and (4) the use of the LLNA as a stand-alone assay to determine
ACD potency categories for hazard classification. ICCVAM
recommendations on an updated LLNA test method protocol that included
the reduced LLNA were communicated to Federal agencies and each of the
15 ICCVAM agencies concurred with the ICCVAM recommendations for the
reduced LLNA. ICCVAM has completed the evaluation of the LLNA for its
validity for potency categorization of chemicals causing ACD in humans.
Final ICCVAM recommendations will be forwarded to Federal agencies in
2011.
Agency Responses to ICCVAM Recommendations
In June 2010, ICCVAM forwarded final test method recommendations
for the LLNA BrdU-ELISA, LLNA: DA and the expanded uses of the LLNA to
U.S. Federal agencies for consideration (74 FR 50212), in accordance
with the ICCVAM Authorization Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 285l-3(e)(4)). The
Act requires agencies to review ICCVAM test method recommendations and
notify ICCVAM in writing of their findings no later than 180 days after
receipt of recommendations. The Act also requires ICCVAM to make ICCVAM
recommendations and agency responses available to the public. Agency
responses are to include identification of relevant test methods for
which the ICCVAM test method recommendations may be added or
substituted, and indicate any revisions or planned revisions to
existing guidelines, guidances, or regulations to be made in response
to these recommendations.
Federal agency responses include acceptance decisions and agreement
with the test method recommendations for the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA, LLNA: DA
and the expanded uses of the LLNA. Several agencies also indicated that
they would communicate the ICCVAM recommendations to stakeholders and
encourage their appropriate use. Agency responses are available at
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna.htm.
[[Page 2390]]
Background Information on ICCVAM and NICEATM
ICCVAM is an interagency committee composed of representatives from
15 Federal regulatory and research agencies that require, use,
generate, or disseminate toxicological and safety testing information.
ICCVAM conducts technical evaluations of new, revised, and alternative
methods with regulatory applicability and promotes the scientific
validation and regulatory acceptance of toxicological and safety-
testing methods that more accurately assess the safety and hazards of
chemicals and products and that reduce, refine (decrease or eliminate
pain and distress), or replace animal use. The ICCVAM Authorization Act
of 2000 established ICCVAM as a permanent interagency committee of the
NIEHS under NICEATM (42 U.S.C. 285l-3(a)). NICEATM administers ICCVAM,
provides scientific and operational support for ICCVAM-related
activities, and conducts independent validation studies to assess the
usefulness and limitation of new, revised, and alternative test
methods. NICEATM and ICCVAM work collaboratively to evaluate new and
improved test methods applicable to the needs of U.S. Federal agencies.
NICEATM and ICCVAM welcome the public nomination of new, revised, and
alternative test methods for validation studies and technical
evaluations. Additional information about ICCVAM and NICEATM can be
found on the NICEATM-ICCVAM Web site (https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov).
References
EPA. 2003. Health Effects Test Guidelines: OPPTS 870.2600--Skin
Sensitization. EPA 712-C-03-197. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Available: https://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series870.htm.
ICCVAM 2010 ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report. The Murine Local
Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA, a Nonradioactive Alternative Test Method
to Assess the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals and
Products. NIH Publication No. 10-7552. Research Triangle Park, NC:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Available at:
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna-ELISA/TMER.htm.
ICCVAM. 2010. ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report. The Murine Local
Lymph Node Assay: DA, a Nonradioactive Alternative Test Method to
Assess the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals and
Products. NIH Publication No. 10-7551. Research Triangle Park, NC:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Available at:
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna-D/TMER.htm.
ICCVAM. 2010. ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report on Using the LLNA
for Testing Pesticide Formulations, Metals, Substances in Aqueous
Solutions, and Other Products. NIH Publication No. 10-7512. Research
Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Available at: https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/LLNA-app/TMER.htm.
ICCVAM. 2009. Recommended Performance Standards: Murine Local Lymph
Node Assay. NIH Publication No. 09-7357. Research Triangle Park, NC:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Available at:
https://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/immunotox/llna_PerfStds.htm.
ICCVAM. 1999. The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: A Test Method for
Assessing the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Potential of Chemicals/
Compounds. The Results of an Independent Peer Review Evaluation
Coordinated by ICCVAM and NICEATM. NIH Publication No. 99-4494.
Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health
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ISO. 2002. Biological evaluation of medical devices--10993 Part 10:
Tests for irritation and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Available for
purchase at: https://www.iso.org/iso/home.htm.
ISO. 2010. Biological evaluation of medical devices--10993 Part 10:
Tests for irritation and skin sensitization. Available for purchase at:
https://www.iso.org/iso/home.htm.
OECD. 2002. Test Guideline 429. Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph Node
Assay, adopted April 24, 2002. In: OECD Guidelines for Testing of
Chemicals. Paris: OECD.
OECD. 2010a. Test Guideline 429. Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph Node
Assay, adopted July 22, 2010. In: OECD Guidelines for Testing of
Chemicals. Paris: OECD. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264071100-en.
OECD. 2010b. Test Guideline 442B. Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph Node
Assay: BrdU-ELISA, adopted July 22, 2010. In: OECD Guidelines for
Testing of Chemicals. Paris: OECD. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264090996-en.
OECD. 2010c. Test Guideline 442A. Skin Sensitization: Local Lymph Node
Assay: DA, adopted July 22, 2010. In: OECD Guidelines for Testing of
Chemicals. Paris: OECD. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264090972-en.
Dated: January 5, 2011.
John R. Bucher,
Associate Director, National Toxicology Program.
[FR Doc. 2011-669 Filed 1-12-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4140-01-P