Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 52017-52019 [2010-20946]
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Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 163 / Tuesday, August 24, 2010 / Notices
chipped stone flakes, 2 sherds and 1
lead shotgun pellet.
Artifacts in the sediment around the
burial indicate that this grave dates to
the Formative period, between A.D. 200
and 1450. The shotgun pellet was
probably introduced into sediments
around the burial accidentally in recent
times, but is considered to be a funerary
object based on tribal consultation.
In November 1991, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from a narrow
ledge in Hueco Tanks State Park and
Historic Site, El Paso County, TX, by
rock climbers. No known individual
was identified. The human remains
were inventoried as ‘‘Burial 8.’’ The 54
associated funerary objects are 9 shell
disk beads and 1 pot, which contains 44
shell beads.
The type of vessel is known as a
culinary shoe pot, and American
Southwest archeologists generally date
these vessels between A.D. 1250 and
1700. Similar cooking pots continue to
be used today by native groups in
Central and South America (Dixon
1963:594–596, 606).
At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from locality
CA7, in Hueco Tanks State Park and
Historic Site, El Paso County, TX, by a
park visitor. The human remains were
inventoried as ‘‘Burial 9.’’ No known
individual was identified. No associated
funerary objects are present.
At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from locality
ES3, in Hueco Tanks State Park and
Historic Site, El Paso County, TX, by
park staff. The human remains were
inventoried as ‘‘Burial 10.’’ No known
individual was identified. No associated
funerary objects are present.
At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from House 3,
Hueco Tanks Village, in Hueco Tanks
State Park and Historic Site, El Paso
County, TX. The human remains were
inventoried as ‘‘Burial 11.’’ The burial
˜
dates to the Dona Ana phase (A.D. 1000
to 1300). No known individual was
identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from House 4,
Hueco Tanks Village, in Hueco Tanks
State Park and Historic Site, El Paso
County, TX. The human remains were
inventoried as ‘‘Burial 12.’’ The burial
˜
dates to the Dona Ana phase (A.D. 1000
to 1300). No known individual was
identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
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At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed Hueco Tanks
Village, in Hueco Tanks State Park and
Historic Site, El Paso County, TX. The
human remains were inventoried as
‘‘Burial 13.’’ No known individual was
identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from the
Hueco Tanks Village, in Hueco Tanks
State Park and Historic Site, El Paso
County, TX. The human remains were
inventoried as ‘‘Burial 14.’’ Burial 14 has
no specific provenience, but it was
likely removed from the Hueco Tanks
Village site since it was found in the site
collection. No known individual was
identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
At an unknown date, human remains
representing a minimum of one
individual were removed from Hueco
Tanks State Park and Historic Site, El
Paso County, TX. The human remains
were inventoried as ‘‘Burial 15.’’ Burial
15 has no specific provenience, but was
found in the site collection. No known
individual was identified. No associated
funerary objects are present.
The human remains and associated
funerary objects described above are
culturally affiliated with the Comanche
Nation, Oklahoma; Kiowa Indian Tribe
of Oklahoma; Mescalero Apache Tribe
of the Mescalero Reservation, New
Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico;
and the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas.
The determination of the cultural
affiliation of the human remains and
associated funerary objects described
above was based upon oral tradition,
archeological context, osteological
evidence, and artifacts. In addition,
primary information sources, such as
accession and catalog records and
consultation with Indian tribal officials
and traditional religious leaders,
support this finding of cultural
affiliation.
Officials of the Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department have determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the
human remains described above
represent the physical remains of 15
individuals of Native American
ancestry. Officials of the Texas Parks
and Wildlife Department also have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(3)(A), the 96 objects described
above are reasonably believed to have
been placed with or near individual
human remains at the time of death or
later as part of the death rite or
ceremony. Lastly, officials of the Texas
Parks and Wildlife Department have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
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52017
3001(2), there is a relationship of shared
group identity that can be reasonably
traced between the Native American
human remains and associated funerary
objects and the Comanche Nation,
Oklahoma; Kiowa Indian Tribe of
Oklahoma; Mescalero Apache Tribe of
the Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; and the
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact Aina Dodge, Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department, 4200 Smith
School Road, Austin, TX 78744,
telephone (512) 389–4876, before
September 23, 2010. Repatriation of the
human remains and/or associated
funerary objects to the Comanche
Nation, Oklahoma; Kiowa Indian Tribe
of Oklahoma; Mescalero Apache Tribe
of the Mescalero Reservation, New
Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico;
and the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas,
may proceed after that date if no
additional claimants come forward.
The Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department is responsible for notifying
the Comanche Nation, Oklahoma;
Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma;
Mescalero Apache Tribe of the
Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; and the
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas, that this
notice has been published.
Dated: August 18, 2010.
David Tarler,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2010–20941 Filed 8–23–10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–S
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and
Arizona State Museum, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human
remains and associated funerary objects
in the control of the U.S. Department of
the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs,
Washington, DC, and in the physical
custody of the Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. The
human remains and associated funerary
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52018
Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 163 / Tuesday, August 24, 2010 / Notices
objects were removed from sites within
the boundaries of the Fort Apache
Indian Reservation, Gila County, AZ.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and
associated funerary objects. The
National Park Service is not responsible
for the determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by Arizona State
Museum professional staff in
consultation with representatives of the
Hopi Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and the Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico.
In 1978, human remains representing
a minimum of 65 individuals were
removed from Spotted Mountain Ruin,
AZ V:2:3(ASM), Gila County, AZ,
during legally authorized salvage
activities conducted by the University of
Arizona Archaeological Field School
under the direction of Madeleine
Hinkes. The site had previously been
extensively vandalized, and the
objective of the University of Arizona
archeologists was to recover all the
human remains and associated funerary
objects which had been disturbed. The
collections were accessioned by the
Arizona State Museum in 1978. No
known individuals were identified. The
179 associated funerary objects are 155
ceramic sherds, 3 ceramic vessels, 1
stone drill, 14 stone projectile points, 1
stone drill base, 1 shell fragment, 1
stone core and 3 pieces of flaked stone.
The Spotted Mountain Ruin is a
pueblo site with at least 80 rooms and
an associated plaza. The architectural
forms and ceramic types indicate that
the village was occupied during the
period A.D. 1275–1400. These
characteristics are consistent with the
archeologically described Upland
Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo
traditions.
In 1971, fragmentary human remains
representing a minimum of four
individuals were removed from the
August 13th Site, AZ V:2:9(ASM), Gila
County, AZ, during a legally authorized
survey conducted by the University of
Arizona Archaeological Field School
under the direction of William
Longacre. The site had previously been
vandalized, and the objective of the
University of Arizona survey was to
recover all the human remains which
had been disturbed. The collections
were accessioned by the Arizona State
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Museum in 1971. No known individuals
were identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
The site was described in field notes
as a pueblo of at least 200 rooms. It is
probable that this site is actually the
same locality as the Blue House
Mountain Site, AZ V:2:13(ASM). The
architectural forms and ceramic types
indicate that the village was occupied
during the period A.D. 1275–1400.
These characteristics are consistent with
the archeologically described Upland
Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo
traditions.
In 1979, fragmentary human remains
representing a minimum of three
individuals were removed from the Blue
House Mountain Site, AZ V:2:13(ASM),
Gila County, AZ, during a legally
authorized survey conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological
Field School under the direction of
Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by
Madeleine Hinkes describes the
presence of 20 to 30 unauthorized
excavations and scattered bone at this
site, but does not state whether or not
the bone was collected during her
survey. There is no record in Arizona
State Museum files regarding the
accession of these human remains.
However, the container in which the
human remains were found is labeled
July 8, 1979. No known individuals
were identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
The Blue House Mountain Site is a
140 room pueblo. The architectural
forms and ceramic types indicate that
the village was occupied during the
period A.D. 1275–1400. These
characteristics are consistent with the
archeologically described Upland
Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo
traditions.
On an unknown date, fragmentary
human remains representing a
minimum of one individual were
removed from the T–20 Site, AZ
V:2:14(ASM), Gila County, AZ. It is
possible that the human remains were
collected in 1979, at the same time that
nearby sites were visited during legally
authorized surveys conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological
Field School under the direction of
Madeleine Hinkes. There is no record in
Arizona State Museum files regarding
the accession of these human remains,
but the fact that they were found in the
same storage location as the human
remains from site AZ V:2:13(ASM)
suggests that they were brought to the
museum at the same time. No known
individual was identified. The one
associated funerary object is a chert
flake.
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The T–20 Site has been dated to the
period A.D. 900–1000, based on the
types of ceramics present on the ground
surface and surface indications of
pithouse architecture. These
characteristics indicate that the
occupation of the site is likely related to
an early phase of the archeologically
described Upland Mogollon or
prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions.
On an unknown date, fragmentary
human remains representing a
minimum of four individuals were
removed from Canyon Butte Pueblo, AZ
V:2:49(ASM), Gila County, AZ. It is
probable that the human remains were
collected in 1979 during legally
authorized surveys conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological
Field School under the direction of
Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by
Madeleine Hinkes describes the
presence of five unauthorized
excavations with a scatter of human and
non-human bone at this site, but does
not state whether or not the bone was
collected during her survey. There is no
record in Arizona State Museum files
regarding the accession of these human
remains, but the fact that they were
found in the same storage location as
the human remains from site AZ
V:2:13(ASM) suggests that they were
brought to the museum at the same time
as that collection. No known
individuals were identified. No
associated funerary objects are present.
Canyon Butte Pueblo is an L-shaped
masonry building of 40 to 65 rooms,
with a walled plaza. The architectural
forms and ceramic types indicate that
the village was occupied during the
period A.D. 1275–1400. These
characteristics are consistent with the
archeologically described Upland
Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo
traditions.
A detailed discussion of the basis for
cultural affiliation of archeological sites
in the region where the above sites are
located may be found in ‘‘Cultural
Affiliation Assessment of White
Mountain Apache Tribal Lands (Fort
Apache Indian Reservation),’’ by John R.
Welch and T.J. Ferguson (2005). The
results of their assessment may be
summarized as follows. Archeologists
have used the terms Upland Mogollon
or prehistoric Western Pueblo to define
the archeological complexes represented
by the five sites listed above. Material
culture characteristics of these
traditions include a temporal
progression from earlier pit houses to
later masonry pueblos, villages
organized in room blocks of contiguous
dwellings associated with plazas,
rectangular kivas, polished and paintdecorated ceramics, unpainted
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corrugated ceramics, inhumation
burials, cradleboard cranial
deformation, grooved stone axes and
bone artifacts. The combination of the
material culture attributes and a
subsistence pattern that included
hunting and gathering augmented by
maize agriculture helps to recognize an
identifiable earlier group. Archeologists
have also remarked that there are strong
similarities between this earlier group
and present-day tribes included in the
Western Pueblo ethnographic group,
especially including the Hopi Tribe of
Arizona and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico. The
similarities in ceramic traditions, burial
practices, architectural forms and
settlement patterns have led
archeologists to believe that the
prehistoric inhabitants of the Mogollon
Rim region migrated north and west to
the Hopi mesas, and north and east to
the Zuni River Valley. Certain objects
found in Upland Mogollon
archeological sites have been found to
have strong resemblances with ritual
paraphernalia that are used in
continuing religious practices by the
Hopi and Zuni. Some petroglyphs on
the Fort Apache Indian Reservation
have also persuaded archeologists of
continuities between the earlier
identified group and current-day
Western Pueblo people. Biological
information from the site of
Grasshopper Pueblo, which is located in
close proximity to the five sites listed
above, supports the view that the
prehistoric occupants of the Upland
Mogollon region had migrated from
various locations to the north and west
of the region.
The archeological evidence for
migration is paralleled by Hopi and
Zuni oral traditions. Migration figures
prominently in Hopi oral tradition,
which refers to the ancient sites,
pottery, stone tools, petroglyphs and
other artifacts left behind by the
ancestors as ‘‘Hopi Footprints.’’ This
migration history is complex and
detailed and includes traditions relating
specific clans to the Mogollon region.
Hopi cultural advisors have also
identified medicinal and culinary plants
at archeological sites in the region.
Their knowledge about these plants was
passed down to them from the ancestors
who inhabited these ancient sites.
Migration is also an important attribute
of Zuni oral tradition and includes
accounts of Zuni ancestors passing
through the Upland Mogollon region.
The ancient villages mark the routes of
these migrations. Zuni cultural advisors
remark that the ancient sites were not
abandoned. People returned to these
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places from time to time, either to
reoccupy them or for the purpose of
religious pilgrimages — a practice that
has continued to the present-day.
Archeologists have found ceramic
evidence at shrines in the Upland
Mogollon region that confirms these
reports. Zuni cultural advisors have
names for plants endemic to the
Mogollon region which do not grow on
the Zuni Reservation. They also have
knowledge about traditional medicinal
and ceremonial uses for these resources,
which has been passed down to them
from their ancestors. Furthermore, Hopi
and Zuni cultural advisors have
recognized that their ancestors may
have been co-resident at some of the
sites in this region during their ancestral
migrations.
There are differing points of view
regarding the possible presence of
Apache people in the Upland Mogollon
region during the time that these ancient
sites were occupied. Some Apache
traditions describe interactions with
Ancestral Pueblo people during this
time, but according to these stories,
Puebloan people and Apache people
were regarded as having separate
identities. The White Mountain Apache
Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation,
Arizona, does not claim cultural
affiliation with the human remains and
associated funerary objects from these
five ancestral Upland Mogollon sites. As
reported by Welch and Ferguson (2005),
consultations between the White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona, and the
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico &
Utah; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico;
and Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico,
have indicated that that none of these
tribes wish to pursue claims of
affiliation with sites on White Mountain
Apache Tribal lands. Finally, the White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona, supports
the repatriation of human remains and
associated funerary objects from these
five ancestral Upland Mogollon sites
and is ready to assist the Hopi Tribe of
Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico, in reburial on
tribal land.
Officials of the Bureau of Indian
Affairs and Arizona State Museum have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(9), the human remains described
above represent the physical remains of
77 individuals of Native American
ancestry. Officials of the Bureau of
Indian Affairs and Arizona State
Museum also have determined that,
pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), the
180 objects described above are
reasonably believed to have been placed
with or near individual human remains
PO 00000
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52019
at the time of death or later as part of
the death rite or ceremony. Lastly,
officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
and Arizona State Museum have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(2), there is a relationship of shared
group identity that can be reasonably
traced between the Native American
human remains and associated funerary
objects and the Hopi Tribe of Arizona
and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation,
New Mexico.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains and
associated funerary objects should
contact John McClelland, NAGPRA
Coordinator, Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
85721, telephone (520) 626-2950, before
September 23, 2010. Repatriation of the
human remains and associated funerary
objects to the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and
Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico, may proceed after that date if
no additional claimants come forward.
The Arizona State Museum is
responsible for notifying the Hopi Tribe
of Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico, that this
notice has been published.
Dated: August 18, 2010.
David Tarler,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2010–20946 Filed 8–23–10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–S
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Inventory Completion:
University of Colorado Museum,
Boulder, CO
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human
remains and associated funerary objects
in the control of the University of
Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO. The
human remains were removed from
Moffat County, CO.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
E:\FR\FM\24AUN1.SGM
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 163 (Tuesday, August 24, 2010)]
[Notices]
[Pages 52017-52019]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2010-20946]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and Arizona State Museum,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human remains and associated funerary
objects in the control of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC, and in the physical custody of the
Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. The human
remains and associated funerary
[[Page 52018]]
objects were removed from sites within the boundaries of the Fort
Apache Indian Reservation, Gila County, AZ.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native
American human remains and associated funerary objects. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by Arizona
State Museum professional staff in consultation with representatives of
the Hopi Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni
Reservation, New Mexico.
In 1978, human remains representing a minimum of 65 individuals
were removed from Spotted Mountain Ruin, AZ V:2:3(ASM), Gila County,
AZ, during legally authorized salvage activities conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological Field School under the direction
of Madeleine Hinkes. The site had previously been extensively
vandalized, and the objective of the University of Arizona
archeologists was to recover all the human remains and associated
funerary objects which had been disturbed. The collections were
accessioned by the Arizona State Museum in 1978. No known individuals
were identified. The 179 associated funerary objects are 155 ceramic
sherds, 3 ceramic vessels, 1 stone drill, 14 stone projectile points, 1
stone drill base, 1 shell fragment, 1 stone core and 3 pieces of flaked
stone.
The Spotted Mountain Ruin is a pueblo site with at least 80 rooms
and an associated plaza. The architectural forms and ceramic types
indicate that the village was occupied during the period A.D. 1275-
1400. These characteristics are consistent with the archeologically
described Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions.
In 1971, fragmentary human remains representing a minimum of four
individuals were removed from the August 13th Site, AZ V:2:9(ASM), Gila
County, AZ, during a legally authorized survey conducted by the
University of Arizona Archaeological Field School under the direction
of William Longacre. The site had previously been vandalized, and the
objective of the University of Arizona survey was to recover all the
human remains which had been disturbed. The collections were
accessioned by the Arizona State Museum in 1971. No known individuals
were identified. No associated funerary objects are present.
The site was described in field notes as a pueblo of at least 200
rooms. It is probable that this site is actually the same locality as
the Blue House Mountain Site, AZ V:2:13(ASM). The architectural forms
and ceramic types indicate that the village was occupied during the
period A.D. 1275-1400. These characteristics are consistent with the
archeologically described Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo
traditions.
In 1979, fragmentary human remains representing a minimum of three
individuals were removed from the Blue House Mountain Site, AZ
V:2:13(ASM), Gila County, AZ, during a legally authorized survey
conducted by the University of Arizona Archaeological Field School
under the direction of Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by Madeleine
Hinkes describes the presence of 20 to 30 unauthorized excavations and
scattered bone at this site, but does not state whether or not the bone
was collected during her survey. There is no record in Arizona State
Museum files regarding the accession of these human remains. However,
the container in which the human remains were found is labeled July 8,
1979. No known individuals were identified. No associated funerary
objects are present.
The Blue House Mountain Site is a 140 room pueblo. The
architectural forms and ceramic types indicate that the village was
occupied during the period A.D. 1275-1400. These characteristics are
consistent with the archeologically described Upland Mogollon or
prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions.
On an unknown date, fragmentary human remains representing a
minimum of one individual were removed from the T-20 Site, AZ
V:2:14(ASM), Gila County, AZ. It is possible that the human remains
were collected in 1979, at the same time that nearby sites were visited
during legally authorized surveys conducted by the University of
Arizona Archaeological Field School under the direction of Madeleine
Hinkes. There is no record in Arizona State Museum files regarding the
accession of these human remains, but the fact that they were found in
the same storage location as the human remains from site AZ V:2:13(ASM)
suggests that they were brought to the museum at the same time. No
known individual was identified. The one associated funerary object is
a chert flake.
The T-20 Site has been dated to the period A.D. 900-1000, based on
the types of ceramics present on the ground surface and surface
indications of pithouse architecture. These characteristics indicate
that the occupation of the site is likely related to an early phase of
the archeologically described Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western
Pueblo traditions.
On an unknown date, fragmentary human remains representing a
minimum of four individuals were removed from Canyon Butte Pueblo, AZ
V:2:49(ASM), Gila County, AZ. It is probable that the human remains
were collected in 1979 during legally authorized surveys conducted by
the University of Arizona Archaeological Field School under the
direction of Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by Madeleine Hinkes
describes the presence of five unauthorized excavations with a scatter
of human and non-human bone at this site, but does not state whether or
not the bone was collected during her survey. There is no record in
Arizona State Museum files regarding the accession of these human
remains, but the fact that they were found in the same storage location
as the human remains from site AZ V:2:13(ASM) suggests that they were
brought to the museum at the same time as that collection. No known
individuals were identified. No associated funerary objects are
present.
Canyon Butte Pueblo is an L-shaped masonry building of 40 to 65
rooms, with a walled plaza. The architectural forms and ceramic types
indicate that the village was occupied during the period A.D. 1275-
1400. These characteristics are consistent with the archeologically
described Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions.
A detailed discussion of the basis for cultural affiliation of
archeological sites in the region where the above sites are located may
be found in ``Cultural Affiliation Assessment of White Mountain Apache
Tribal Lands (Fort Apache Indian Reservation),'' by John R. Welch and
T.J. Ferguson (2005). The results of their assessment may be summarized
as follows. Archeologists have used the terms Upland Mogollon or
prehistoric Western Pueblo to define the archeological complexes
represented by the five sites listed above. Material culture
characteristics of these traditions include a temporal progression from
earlier pit houses to later masonry pueblos, villages organized in room
blocks of contiguous dwellings associated with plazas, rectangular
kivas, polished and paint-decorated ceramics, unpainted
[[Page 52019]]
corrugated ceramics, inhumation burials, cradleboard cranial
deformation, grooved stone axes and bone artifacts. The combination of
the material culture attributes and a subsistence pattern that included
hunting and gathering augmented by maize agriculture helps to recognize
an identifiable earlier group. Archeologists have also remarked that
there are strong similarities between this earlier group and present-
day tribes included in the Western Pueblo ethnographic group,
especially including the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and the Zuni Tribe of
the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico. The similarities in ceramic
traditions, burial practices, architectural forms and settlement
patterns have led archeologists to believe that the prehistoric
inhabitants of the Mogollon Rim region migrated north and west to the
Hopi mesas, and north and east to the Zuni River Valley. Certain
objects found in Upland Mogollon archeological sites have been found to
have strong resemblances with ritual paraphernalia that are used in
continuing religious practices by the Hopi and Zuni. Some petroglyphs
on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation have also persuaded archeologists
of continuities between the earlier identified group and current-day
Western Pueblo people. Biological information from the site of
Grasshopper Pueblo, which is located in close proximity to the five
sites listed above, supports the view that the prehistoric occupants of
the Upland Mogollon region had migrated from various locations to the
north and west of the region.
The archeological evidence for migration is paralleled by Hopi and
Zuni oral traditions. Migration figures prominently in Hopi oral
tradition, which refers to the ancient sites, pottery, stone tools,
petroglyphs and other artifacts left behind by the ancestors as ``Hopi
Footprints.'' This migration history is complex and detailed and
includes traditions relating specific clans to the Mogollon region.
Hopi cultural advisors have also identified medicinal and culinary
plants at archeological sites in the region. Their knowledge about
these plants was passed down to them from the ancestors who inhabited
these ancient sites. Migration is also an important attribute of Zuni
oral tradition and includes accounts of Zuni ancestors passing through
the Upland Mogollon region. The ancient villages mark the routes of
these migrations. Zuni cultural advisors remark that the ancient sites
were not abandoned. People returned to these places from time to time,
either to reoccupy them or for the purpose of religious pilgrimages --
a practice that has continued to the present-day. Archeologists have
found ceramic evidence at shrines in the Upland Mogollon region that
confirms these reports. Zuni cultural advisors have names for plants
endemic to the Mogollon region which do not grow on the Zuni
Reservation. They also have knowledge about traditional medicinal and
ceremonial uses for these resources, which has been passed down to them
from their ancestors. Furthermore, Hopi and Zuni cultural advisors have
recognized that their ancestors may have been co-resident at some of
the sites in this region during their ancestral migrations.
There are differing points of view regarding the possible presence
of Apache people in the Upland Mogollon region during the time that
these ancient sites were occupied. Some Apache traditions describe
interactions with Ancestral Pueblo people during this time, but
according to these stories, Puebloan people and Apache people were
regarded as having separate identities. The White Mountain Apache Tribe
of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, does not claim cultural
affiliation with the human remains and associated funerary objects from
these five ancestral Upland Mogollon sites. As reported by Welch and
Ferguson (2005), consultations between the White Mountain Apache Tribe
of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, and the Navajo Nation,
Arizona, New Mexico & Utah; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; and Pueblo of
Laguna, New Mexico, have indicated that that none of these tribes wish
to pursue claims of affiliation with sites on White Mountain Apache
Tribal lands. Finally, the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona, supports the repatriation of human remains
and associated funerary objects from these five ancestral Upland
Mogollon sites and is ready to assist the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and
Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico, in reburial on tribal
land.
Officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Arizona State Museum
have determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains
described above represent the physical remains of 77 individuals of
Native American ancestry. Officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and
Arizona State Museum also have determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(3)(A), the 180 objects described above are reasonably believed to
have been placed with or near individual human remains at the time of
death or later as part of the death rite or ceremony. Lastly, officials
of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Arizona State Museum have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship
of shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the
Native American human remains and associated funerary objects and the
Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico.
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to
be culturally affiliated with the human remains and associated funerary
objects should contact John McClelland, NAGPRA Coordinator, Arizona
State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, telephone (520)
626-2950, before September 23, 2010. Repatriation of the human remains
and associated funerary objects to the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Zuni
Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico, may proceed after that date
if no additional claimants come forward.
The Arizona State Museum is responsible for notifying the Hopi
Tribe of Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico,
that this notice has been published.
Dated: August 18, 2010.
David Tarler,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2010-20946 Filed 8-23-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-50-S
