Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis and Sampling Procedures, 57908-57918 [E9-27044]
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Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 216 / Tuesday, November 10, 2009 / Rules and Regulations
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IV. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Under the Clean Air Act, the
Administrator is required to approve a
SIP submission that complies with the
provisions of the Act and applicable
Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k);
40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP
submissions, EPA’s role is to approve
State choices, provided that they meet
the criteria of the Clean Air Act.
Accordingly, this action merely
approves State law as meeting Federal
requirements and does not impose
additional requirements beyond those
imposed by State law. For that reason,
this action:
• Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ subject to review by the Office
of Management and Budget under
Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993);
• Does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• Is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• Does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• Does not have Federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• Is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• Is not a significant regulatory action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
• Is not subject to requirements of
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
application of those requirements would
be inconsistent with the Clean Air Act;
and
• Does not provide EPA with the
discretionary authority to address, as
appropriate, disproportionate human
health or environmental effects, using
practicable and legally permissible
methods, under Executive Order 12898
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, this rule does not have
tribal implications as specified by
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249,
November 9, 2000), because the SIP is
not approved to apply in Indian country
located in the State, and EPA notes that
it will not impose substantial direct
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costs on tribal governments or preempt
tribal law.
The Congressional Review Act, 5
U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
that before a rule may take effect, the
agency promulgating the rule must
submit a rule report, which includes a
copy of the rule, to each House of the
Congress and to the Comptroller General
of the United States. EPA will submit a
report containing this action and other
required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and
the Comptroller General of the United
States prior to publication of the rule in
the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it
is published in the Federal Register.
This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean
Air Act, petitions for judicial review of
this action must be filed in the United
States Court of Appeals for the
appropriate circuit by January 11, 2010.
Filing a petition for reconsideration by
the Administrator of this final rule does
not affect the finality of this action for
the purposes of judicial review nor does
it extend the time within which a
petition for judicial review may be filed,
and shall not postpone the effectiveness
of such rule or action. This action may
not be challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements (see section
307(b)(2)).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Particulate matter, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: September 18, 2009.
Jane Diamond,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region IX.
Part 52, Chapter I, Title 40 of the Code
of Federal Regulations is amended as
follows:
■
PART 52—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for Part 52
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart F—California
2. Section 52.220 is amended by
adding paragraphs (c)(364)(i)(A)(2) and
(c)(364)(i)(B), and (c)(366) to read as
follows:
■
§ 52.220
*
Identification of plan.
*
*
(c) * * *
(364) * * *
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*
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(i) * * *
(A) * * *
(2) Rule 4901, ‘‘Wood Burning
Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters,’’
amended on October 16, 2008.
*
*
*
*
*
(B) South Coast Air Quality
Management District.
(1) Rule 1158, ‘‘Storage, Handling,
and Transport of Coke, Coal and
Sulfur,’’ amended July 11, 2008.
*
*
*
*
*
(366) New and amended regulations
for the following agencies were
submitted on April 6, 2009, by the
Governor’s designee.
(i) Incorporation by reference.
(A) San Joaquin Valley Unified Air
Pollution Control District.
(1) Rule 4103, ‘‘Open Burning,’’
amended May 17, 2007.
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. E9–26958 Filed 11–9–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[EPA–HQ–OW–2009–0707; FRL–8979–5]
Expedited Approval of Alternative Test
Procedures for the Analysis of
Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking
Water Act; Analysis and Sampling
Procedures
AGENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: This action announces the
Environmental Protection Agency’s
(EPA’s) approval of alternative testing
methods for use in measuring the levels
of contaminants in drinking water and
determining compliance with national
primary drinking water regulations. The
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
authorizes EPA to approve the use of
alternative testing methods through
publication in the Federal Register. EPA
is using this streamlined authority to
make 25 additional methods available
for analyzing drinking water samples
required by regulation. This expedited
approach provides public water
systems, laboratories, and primacy
agencies with more timely access to new
measurement techniques and greater
flexibility in the selection of analytical
methods, thereby reducing monitoring
costs while maintaining public health
protection.
DATES: This action is effective
November 10, 2009.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Safe
Drinking Water Hotline: (800) 426–4791
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or Patricia Snyder Fair, Technical
Support Center, Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water (MS 140),
Environmental Protection Agency, 26
West Martin Luther King Drive,
Cincinnati, OH 45268; telephone
number: (513) 569–7937; e-mail address:
fair.pat@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does This Action Apply to Me?
Public water systems are the regulated
entities required to measure
contaminants in drinking water
samples. In addition, EPA Regions as
well as States and Tribal governments
with authority to administer the
regulatory program for public water
systems under SDWA may also measure
contaminants in water samples. When
EPA sets a monitoring requirement in its
national primary drinking water
regulations for a given contaminant, the
Agency also establishes in the
regulations standardized test procedures
for analysis of the contaminant. This
action makes alternative testing
methods available for particular
drinking water contaminants beyond the
testing methods currently established in
the regulations. EPA is providing public
water systems required to test water
samples with a choice of using either a
test procedure already established in the
existing regulations or an alternative test
procedure that has been approved in
this action. Categories and entities that
may ultimately be affected by this action
include:
NAICS 1
Category
Examples of potentially regulated entities
State, Local, & Tribal Governments .......
States, local and Tribal governments that analyze water samples on behalf of public
water systems required to conduct such analysis; States, local and Tribal governments that themselves operate community and non-transient non-community water
systems required to monitor.
Private operators of community and non-transient non-community water systems required to monitor.
Municipal operators of community and non-transient non-community water systems
required to monitor.
Industry ...................................................
Municipalities ..........................................
1 North
924110
221310
924110
American Industry Classification System.
This table is not exhaustive, but rather
provides a guide for readers regarding
entities likely to be affected by this
action. This table lists the types of
entities that EPA is now aware could
potentially be affected by this action.
Other types of entities not listed in the
table could also be impacted. To
determine whether your facility is
affected by this action, you should
carefully examine the applicability
language at 40 CFR 141.2 (definition of
public water system). If you have
questions regarding the applicability of
this action to a particular entity, consult
the person listed in the preceding FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
B. How Can I Get Copies of This
Document and Other Related
Information?
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57909
Docket. EPA established a docket for
this action under Docket ID No. EPA–
HQ–OW–2009–0707. Publicly available
docket materials are available either
electronically through https://
www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at
the Water Docket in the EPA Docket
Center, (EPA/DC) EPA West, Room
3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW.,
Washington, DC. Copyrighted materials
are available only in hard copy. The
EPA Docket Center Public Reading
Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding
legal holidays. The telephone number
for the Public Reading Room is (202)
566–1744, and the telephone number for
the Water Docket is (202) 566–2426.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in
This Action
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations.
DOC: Dissolved Organic Carbon.
DPD: N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
E. coli: Escherichia coli.
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency.
HAA5: Haloacetic Acids (five); Sum of
Monochloroacetic Acid, Dichloroacetic
Acid, Trichloroacetic Acid,
Monobromoacetic Acid, and Dibromoacetic
Acid.
IC: Ion Chromatography.
IC–ESI–MS/MS: Ion Chromatography
Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass
Spectrometry.
LED: Light Emitting Diode.
mg/L: Milligrams/Liter.
MRL: Minimum Reporting Level.
NEMI: National Environmental Methods
Index.
nm: Nanometers.
QC: Quality Control.
SDWA: Safe Drinking Water Act.
SUVA: Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance.
TOC: Total Organic Carbon.
UV254: Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254
nanometers.
Table of Contents
I. General Information
A. Does This Action Apply to Me?
B. How Can I Get Copies of This Document
and Other Related Information?
II. Background
A. What Is the Purpose of This Action?
B. What Is the Basis for This Action?
III. Summary of Approvals
A. Methods Developed by EPA
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary
Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
C. Methods Developed by Vendors
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
V. References
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II. Background
A. What Is the Purpose of This Action?
In this action, EPA is approving 25
analytical methods for determining
contaminant concentrations in samples
collected under SDWA. Regulated
parties required to sample and monitor
may use either the testing methods
already established in existing
regulations or the alternative testing
methods being approved in this action.
The new methods are listed in
Appendix A to Subpart C in 40 CFR 141
and on EPA’s drinking water methods
Web site at https://www.epa.gov/
safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_expedited.html.
B. What Is the Basis for This Action?
When EPA determines that an
alternative analytical method is
‘‘equally effective’’ (i.e., as effective as a
method that has already been
promulgated in the regulations), SDWA
allows EPA to approve the use of the
alternative method through publication
in the Federal Register. (See Section
1401(1) of SDWA.) EPA is using this
streamlined approval authority to make
25 additional methods available for
determining contaminant
concentrations in samples collected
under SDWA. EPA has determined that,
for each contaminant or group of
contaminants listed in Section III, the
additional testing methods being
approved in this action are equally
effective as one or more of the testing
methods already established in the
regulations for those contaminants.
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Section 1401(1) states that the newly
approved methods ‘‘shall be treated as
an alternative for public water systems
to the quality control and testing
procedures listed in the regulation.’’
Accordingly, this action makes these
additional (and optional) 25 analytical
methods legally available for meeting
EPA’s monitoring requirements.
This action does not add regulatory
language, but does, for informational
purposes, update an appendix to the
regulations at 40 CFR part 141 that lists
all methods approved under Section
1401(1) of SDWA. Accordingly, while
this action is not a rule, it is updating
CFR text and therefore is being
published in the ‘‘Final Rules’’ section
of this Federal Register.
EPA described this expedited
methods approval process in an April
10, 2007, Federal Register notice (72 FR
17902) (USEPA 2007) and announced
its intent to begin using the process.
EPA published the first set of approvals
in a June 3, 2008, Federal Register
notice (73 FR 31616) (USEPA 2008) and
added Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 141,
Subpart C. Six additional methods were
added to Appendix A to Subpart C in
an August 3, 2009, Federal Register
notice (74 FR 38348) (USEPA 2009a).
Future approvals using this process are
anticipated.
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III. Summary of Approvals
EPA is approving 25 methods that are
equally effective relative to methods
previously promulgated in the
regulations. By means of this notice,
these 25 methods are added to
Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart
C.
A. Methods Developed by EPA
1. EPA Method 334.0, ‘‘Determination
of Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water
Using an On-line Chlorine Analyzer’’
(USEPA 2009b) establishes quality
control (QC) criteria for on-line chlorine
analyzers such that the analyzers
provide data equivalent to the grab
sample methodologies that are already
approved in the regulations. The on-line
chlorine analyzer is calibrated using
aqueous standards or the results from
grab samples that are collected at the
same sample point as used by the
analyzer. The grab samples are analyzed
for chlorine using a method that is
approved for drinking water compliance
monitoring. The accuracy of the on-line
chlorine analyzer is periodically
verified (and adjustments made when
necessary) based on results from grab
sample analyses.
Previously approved methods for
determining free and total chlorine
residuals in drinking water are listed in
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the tables at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) and 40
CFR 141.131(c)(1). All of the methods
are designed for grab sample analyses.
The regulation at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2)
also states, ‘‘Free and total chlorine
residuals may be measured
continuously by adapting a specified
chlorine residual method for use with a
continuous monitoring instrument
provided the chemistry, accuracy, and
precision remain the same. Instruments
used for continuous monitoring must be
calibrated with a grab sample
measurement at least every five days, or
with a protocol approved by the State.’’
Continuous monitoring instruments
that use N,N-Diethyl-pphenylenediamine (DPD) chemistry are
the only on-line chlorine analyzers that,
prior to this action, met the drinking
water regulatory requirement to use the
same chemistry as an approved method.
The instruments perform chlorine
residual measurements on a frequent
basis using an automated version of
Standard Method 4500–Cl G (APHA
1998), which is listed in the tables at 40
CFR 141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR
141.131(c)(1). Since the instruments use
an approved method, they have the
capability to provide the same accuracy
and precision as the approved method
(Standard Method 4500–Cl G), if they
are properly installed and maintained.
The performance characteristics of the
instruments are periodically checked by
comparing the instrumental results to
grab sample measurements according to
a protocol approved by the State.
EPA Method 334.0 now allows the
use of on-line chlorine analyzers based
on chemistry different from that of
approved methods. It is a ‘‘performance
based’’ method, which means it
establishes QC criteria to bench-mark
the performance of the on-line chlorine
analyzer against the performance of
approved grab sample methods. As long
as the on-line analyzer meets the QC
criteria in EPA Method 334.0, the data
are deemed equivalent to data obtained
using the approved grab sample
methods. EPA Method 334.0 can be
used with any type of on-line chlorine
analyzer.
Data from 38 drinking water treatment
facilities (EE&T, Inc. 2009) were used as
the basis for establishing the on-line
chlorine analyzer QC criteria in EPA
Method 334.0. Chlorine residual
measurements from on-line
amperometric chlorine analyzers were
compared to the results from grab
sample analyses performed using either
Standard Method 4500–Cl D
(amperometric titration) (APHA 1998) or
Standard Method 4500–Cl G (DPD
colorimetric). Both Standard Methods
are approved for drinking water
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compliance monitoring analyses and are
listed in the tables at 40 CFR
141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).
The data from the 38 facilities
demonstrate that on-line amperometric
chlorine analyzers can provide data that
are equivalent to approved methods.
EPA Method 334.0 requires that the
analyst demonstrate that the grab
sample method provides reliable data
prior to using it to verify the
performance of an on-line chlorine
analyzer. This QC requirement is
consistent with the QC requirements in
the approved grab sample methods.
Aqueous standards are analyzed to
demonstrate the accuracy and precision
of the measurements. EPA recommends
that the grab sample QC requirements in
EPA Method 334.0 be used with all online chlorine analyzers, including those
that are originally approved under the
provisions of 40 CFR 141.74.
A preliminary draft of EPA Method
334.0 was provided to the Association
of State Drinking Water Administrators,
the American Water Works Association,
and the Water and Wastewater
Equipment Manufacturers Association.
A revised draft was reviewed by persons
from two State agencies and two
drinking water utilities. The final
method reflects changes made in
response to review comments. The
public docket for this action includes
the comments from these organizations
and the Agency’s response to comments
(USEPA 2009c).
EPA has determined that EPA Method
334.0 is equally effective for measuring
free and total chlorine residuals as the
methods that are promulgated in the
regulations at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) and
40 CFR 141.131(c)(1). The basis for this
determination is discussed in Fair and
Wendelken 2009. EPA is therefore
approving use of EPA Method 334.0 for
on-line analyses of free and total
chlorine. A copy of the method can be
accessed and downloaded directly online at https://epa.gov/safewater/
methods/analyticalmethods_
ogwdw.html.
2. EPA Method 302.0, ‘‘Determination
of Bromate in Drinking Waters using
Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography
with Suppressed Conductivity
Detection’’ (USEPA 2009d) is a large
volume (1.0 mL), two-dimensional ion
chromatography (IC) method that uses
suppressed conductivity detection for
the determination of bromate in raw and
finished drinking waters. Because this
method utilizes two dissimilar IC
columns it does not require second
column confirmation. Detection and
quantitation are accomplished in the
second dimension by suppressed
conductivity measurement. Bromate
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concentration is calculated using the
integrated peak area and the external
standard technique.
EPA Method 302.0 offers increased
bromate specificity without the
complexity of post column reactors.
The approved methods for bromate
are listed at 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1). The
performance characteristics of EPA
Method 302.0 were compared to the
characteristics of approved EPA
Methods 300.1 (USEPA 2000), 317.0,
Revision 2.0 (USEPA 2001), and 326.0
(USEPA 2002). EPA has determined that
EPA Method 302.0 is equally effective
for measuring bromate concentrations as
these approved methods. EPA Method
302.0 can also meet the minimum
reporting limit (MRL) requirements
necessary for methods that are used to
support the reduced bromate monitoring
specified at 40 CFR 141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B).
The basis for these determinations is
discussed in Munch 2009a. EPA is
therefore approving EPA Method 302.0
for the routine determination of bromate
in drinking water and also allowing its
use for reduced bromate monitoring. A
copy of the method can be accessed and
downloaded directly on-line at https://
epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.
3. EPA Method 557, ‘‘Determination
of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and
Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion
Chromatography Electrospray Ionization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC–ESI–
MS/MS)’’ (USEPA 2009e) is a directinjection, ion chromatography, negativeion electrospray ionization, tandem
mass spectrometry (IC–ESI–MS/MS)
method for the determination of nine
haloacetic acids in finished drinking
waters. Each method analyte is
qualitatively identified via a unique
mass transition, and the concentration is
calculated using the integrated peak
area and the internal standard
technique.
Bromate may be measured
concurrently with the haloacetic acids.
Real time, chromatographic separation
of common anions in drinking water
(matrix elimination) is a key feature of
this method. Acceptable method
performance has been demonstrated for
matrix ion concentrations of 320
milligrams/Liter (mg/L) chloride, 250
mg/L sulfate, 150 mg/L bicarbonate and
20 mg/L nitrate.
EPA Method 557 eliminates the labor
intensive sample preparation steps
(extraction and derivatization) that are
required in the current methods that are
approved for haloacetic acid
determinations. It also reduces the use
of solvents and potentially hazardous
chemicals. The development work for
this method is described in the method
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research summary (Zaffiro and
Zimmerman 2009).
The sum of five haloacetic acids
(monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic
acid, trichloroacetic acid,
monobromoacetic acid, and
dibromoacetic acid) is regulated as
HAA5. The approved methods for
HAA5 are listed at 40 CFR
141.131(b)(1). The performance
characteristics of EPA Method 557 for
each of the five haloacetic acids were
compared to the characteristics of
approved EPA Methods 552.2 (USEPA
1995) and 552.3, Revision 1.0 (USEPA
2003) for the same compounds. EPA has
determined that EPA Method 557 is
equally effective for measuring HAA5
relative to approved EPA Methods 552.2
and 552.3. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Munch
2009b. Therefore, EPA is approving EPA
Method 557 for determining HAA5 in
drinking water.
The performance characteristics of
EPA Method 557 were also compared to
the bromate-measurement
characteristics of approved EPA
Methods 300.1 (USEPA 2000), 317.0
Revision 2.0 (USEPA 2001), and 326.0
(USEPA 2002). EPA has determined that
EPA Method 557 is equally effective for
measuring bromate concentrations as
these approved methods. EPA Method
557 can also meet the MRL
requirements necessary for methods that
are used to support the reduced bromate
monitoring specified at 40 CFR
141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B). The basis for these
determinations is discussed in Munch
2009b. EPA is therefore approving EPA
Method 557 for the routine
determination of bromate in drinking
water and also allowing its use for
reduced bromate monitoring.
A copy of EPA Method 557 can be
accessed and downloaded directly online at https://epa.gov/safewater/
methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.
4. EPA Method 415.3, Revision 1.2,
‘‘Determination of Total Organic Carbon
and Specific UV Absorbance at 254
nanometers (nm) in Source Water and
Drinking Water’’ (USEPA 2009f) is a
slightly modified version of the
currently approved EPA Method 415.3,
Revision 1.1 (USEPA 2005). Revision
1.1 is listed as an approved method for
determining total organic carbon (TOC),
dissolved organic carbon (DOC),
ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm
(UV254), and specific ultraviolet
absorbance (SUVA) concentrations at 40
CFR 141.131(d). Determination of UV254
can only be done using a double beam
spectrophotometer if the instrument is
zeroed according to the directions in the
approved method. Since many water
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system laboratories use single beam
spectrophotometers, the method was
revised to allow for their use by
modifying the zeroing procedure. This
modification did not result in any
change in the performance of the
method. Therefore, EPA finds that
Method 415.3, Revision 1.2 is equally
effective as Revision 1.1. Revision 1.2
also corrects some typographical errors
that are present in Revision 1.1. The
modifications are documented in
Wimsatt 2009. EPA is approving EPA
Method 415.3, Revision 1.2 for
determining TOC, DOC, UV254, and
SUVA in source water and drinking
water.
A copy of EPA Method 415.3,
Revision 1.2 can be accessed and
downloaded directly on-line at https://
www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary
Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
1. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Standard Methods 9223 B–97 and 9223
B (20th and 21st Edition) can be used
to detect Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Approved methods for E. coli are listed
at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6). The Minimal
Medium ONPG–MUG (MMO–MUG)
Test is listed as an approved method for
E. coli and the reference cited for the
procedure is a journal article (Edberg et
al. 1989). Standard Methods used the
same research documented in the
journal article to write Standard Method
9223 B, which is published in the 20th
and 21st Edition of Standard Methods
for the Analysis of Water and
Wastewater (APHA 1998, 2005). The
same method is also available on-line as
Standard Method 9223 B–97 (APHA
1997). Since Standard Methods 9223 B
(20th and 21st Edition) and 9223 B–97
are the same procedure as that
documented in the Edberg et al. article,
they are equally effective as the
approved Edberg method for
determining E. coli (Best 2009).
Therefore, EPA is approving the use of
Standard Methods 9223 B (20th
Edition), 9223 B (21st Edition) and 9223
B–97 for determining E. coli as specified
at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6). The 20th and
21st editions can be obtained from
American Public Health Association
(APHA), 800 I Street, NW., Washington,
DC 20001–3710. Standard Method 9223
B–97 is available at https://
www.standardmethods.org.
2. ASTM International. EPA
compared the most recent versions of 14
ASTM International methods to the
versions of those methods cited in 40
CFR 141 and 143. Changes between the
approved version and the most recent
version of each method are summarized
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in Fair 2009. The revisions primarily
involve editorial changes (i.e., updated
references, reorganization, and
corrections of errors). Data generated
using the revised methods are
comparable to data obtained using the
previous versions because the
chemistry, sample-handling protocols,
and QC are unchanged. The new
versions are equally effective relative to
the version cited in the regulation (Fair
2009). Therefore, EPA is approving the
use of the 14 updated ASTM methods
for the contaminants and regulations
listed in the following table.
The revised ASTM method for
bromate and chlorite analyses (D 6581–
08) is split into two techniques. Method
A uses chemically suppressed ion
chromatography and is the same as the
approved Method D 6581–00, which is
listed in the regulation at 40 CFR
141.131(b)(1); ASTM D 6581–08 A is
one of the 14 methods previously
discussed. Method B uses
electrolytically suppressed ion
chromatography and represents a new
method. EPA compared the bromate and
chlorite performance data for Method B
to the data in the approved Method D
6581–00 and determined that Method B
is equally effective as the currently
approved method (Fair 2009). Therefore,
EPA is approving ASTM D 6581–08 B
for the determination of bromate and
chlorite in routine drinking water
compliance samples.
The ASTM methods that are approved
in this action are listed in the following
table:
ASTM method
Contaminant
D511–09 A (ASTM International 2009a) ................................................................................
Calcium ..........................
Magnesium ....................
Calcium ..........................
Magnesium ....................
Copper ...........................
Copper ...........................
Arsenic ...........................
Arsenic ...........................
Lead ...............................
Beryllium ........................
Antimony ........................
Selenium ........................
Selenium ........................
Free Chlorine .................
D511–09 B (ASTM International 2009a) ................................................................................
D1688–07
D1688–07
D2972–08
D2972–08
D3559–08
D3645–08
D3697–07
D3859–08
D3859–08
D1253–08
A (ASTM International 2009b) ..............................................................................
C (ASTM International 2009b) ..............................................................................
B (ASTM International 2009c) ..............................................................................
C (ASTM International 2009c) ..............................................................................
D (ASTM International 2009d) ..............................................................................
B (ASTM International 2009e) ..............................................................................
(ASTM International 2009f) ...................................................................................
A (ASTM International 2009g) ..............................................................................
B (ASTM International 2009g) ..............................................................................
(ASTM International 2009h) ..................................................................................
Total Chlorine ................
D516–07 (ASTM International 2009i) .....................................................................................
D6581–08 A (ASTM International 2009j) ...............................................................................
D6581–08 B (ASTM International 2009j) ...............................................................................
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The 15 ASTM methods are available
from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959 or https://www.astm.org.
C. Methods Developed by Vendors
1. AMI Turbiwell Method (SWAN
Analytische Instrumente AG 2009a)
uses light emitting diode (LED)
nephelometry to continuously measure
turbidity in drinking water. The
turbidimeter utilizes a non-contact light
source design to avoid fouling of optical
surfaces. The LED has an emission range
of 415 nm to 780 nm with a peak
spectral radiance of 562nm. The light
beam from the emission LED impinges
the water surface and is refracted. The
detector measures the scattered light at
an angle of 90°. A light barrier avoids
measurement errors due to light
reflections. The instrument is equipped
with an internal data logger, or the data
can be downloaded to a personal
computer or central data system with
appropriate computer software.
The approved methods for turbidity
are listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1). The
performance characteristics of the AMI
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Combined Chlorine ........
Sulfate ............................
Bromate .........................
Chlorite ...........................
Bromate .........................
Chlorite ...........................
Turbiwell turbidimeter were compared
to the performance characteristics of
approved EPA Method 180.1 (USEPA
1993). The validation study report
(SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG
2009b) summarizes the results obtained
from the turbidimeters placed in series
at three different public water systems.
One water system used ground water
and the other two plants used surface
water sources. Measurements included
at least one filter backwash at each of
the surface water plants.
EPA has determined that the AMI
Turbiwell Method is equally effective as
approved EPA Method 180.1. The basis
for this determination is discussed in
the validation study report (SWAN
Analytische Instrumente AG 2009b).
Therefore, EPA is approving the AMI
Turbiwell Method for determining
turbidity in drinking water. A copy of
the method can be downloaded from the
National Environmental Methods Index
(NEMI) at https://www.nemi.gov or
obtained by contacting Markus
Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische
Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13,
CH–8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 4700
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Regulation
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
CFR
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.23(k)(1).
141.74(a)(2).
141.131(c)(1)
141.74(a)(2).
141.131(c)(1).
141.131(c)(1).
143.4(b).
141.131(b)(1).
141.131(b)(1).
141.131(b)(1).
141.131(b)(1).
2. ChloroSense (Palintest Ltd 2009a)
is an electrochemical sensor method
that measures free and total chlorine
using disposable sensors. Free and
combined available chlorine react with
proprietary reagents on the sensor to
create intermediate reaction products.
These products are then detected
electrochemically. The current that
flows in each case is proportional to the
amount of free available chlorine or
total available chlorine in the sample.
The sensors are pre-calibrated, and free
and total chlorine concentrations are
displayed upon completion of the
analysis.
Approved methods for determining
free and total chlorine residuals in
drinking water are listed in the tables at
40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR
141.131(c)(1). The performance
characteristics of ChloroSense were
compared to the performance
characteristics of approved Standard
Methods 4500–Cl D (amperometric
titration)(APHA 1998) and 4500–Cl G
(DPD colorimetric)(APHA 1998). A
variety of samples, including drinking
water samples from both surface and
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ground water sources, were fortified
with known chlorine concentrations
and then analyzed by each method. The
results are summarized in the validation
study report (Palintest Ltd 2009b).
EPA has determined that the
ChloroSense Method is equally effective
as approved Standard Methods 4500–Cl
D and 4500–Cl G. The basis for this
determination is discussed in the
validation study report (Palintest Ltd
2009b). Therefore, EPA is approving the
ChloroSense Method for determining
free and total chlorine residuals in
drinking water. A copy of the method
can be downloaded from NEMI at
https://www.nemi.gov or obtained by
contacting Palintest Ltd, 21 Kenton
Lands Road, P.O. Box 18395, Erlanger,
KY 41018.
3. Modified ColitagTM (CPI
International 2009). ColitagTM (CPI
International 2001) is a presence/
absence method approved for use under
the Total Coliform Rule. It uses
enzymatic cleavage of a chromogenic
substance to detect total coliforms and
enzymatic cleavage of a fluorogenic
substance to detect E. coli in a 100 mL
sample of drinking water. Detection of
total coliforms and E. coli are performed
simultaneously by this method.
ColitagTM may also be used in a mostprobable-number format provided that
the sum of all individual portions of the
sample total 100 mL. Modified
ColitagTM has a different formulation
from the originally approved ColitagTM.
The purpose of the formula change is to
achieve greater selectivity for total
coliforms and E. coli. Additionally, the
Modified ColitagTM provides flexibility
in the incubation period (16 to 48
hours), while the approved ColitagTM
requires a 24 hour incubation time.
Approved methods for total coliforms
are listed at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3) and
approved methods for E. coli are listed
at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6). The performance
characteristics of Modified ColitagTM
were compared to Standard Methods
9221 B (LTB/BGLB) for total coliforms
and 9222 G (LTB/EC–MUG) for E. coli
(APHA 1998). The comparison study
involved analyses of twenty replicate
drinking water samples that were
inoculated with very low densities of
chlorine stressed total coliforms or E.
coli obtained from ten geographically
dispersed waste waters. Method
specificity was evaluated using 100
positive and 100 negative cultures as
determined from analyses by the
reference methods.
EPA has determined that the Modified
ColitagTM Method is equally effective as
approved Standard Methods 9221 B for
total coliforms and 9222 G for E. coli,
which are already promulgated in the
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regulations at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3) and
40 CFR 141.21(f)(6), respectively. The
basis for this determination is discussed
in the study report (USEPA 2009g).
Therefore, EPA is approving the
Modified ColitagTM Method for
determining total coliforms and E. coli
in drinking water. A copy of the method
can be downloaded from NEMI at
https://www.nemi.gov or obtained by
contacting CPI International, 580
Skylane Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA
95403.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
As noted in Section II, under the
terms of SDWA Section 1401(1), this
streamlined method approval action is
not a rule. Accordingly, the
Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801
et seq., as added by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996, does not apply because this action
is not a rule for purposes of 5 U.S.C.
804(3). Similarly, this action is not
subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act
because it is not subject to notice and
comment requirements under the
Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute. In addition, because this
approval action is not a rule but simply
makes alternative (optional) testing
methods available for monitoring under
SDWA, EPA has concluded that other
statutes and executive orders generally
applicable to rulemaking do not apply
to this approval action.
V. References
American Public Health Association (APHA).
1997. Standard Method 9223–97.
Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test.
Approved by Standard Methods
Committee 1997. Standard Methods
Online. (Available at https://
www.standardmethods.org.)
American Public Health Association (APHA).
1998. 20th Edition of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, American Public Health
Association, 800 I Street, NW.,
Washington, DC 20001–3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA).
2005. 21st Edition of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, American Public Health
Association, 800 I Street, NW.,
Washington, DC 20001–3710.
ASTM International. 2009a. ASTM D 511–09.
Standard Test Methods for Calcium and
Magnesium in Water. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
(Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009b. ASTM D 1688–
07. Standard Test Methods for Copper in
Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
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ASTM International. 2009c. ASTM D 2972–
08. Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in
Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009d. ASTM D 3559–
08. Standard Test Methods for Lead in
Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009e. ASTM D 3645–
08. Standard Test Methods for Beryllium
in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009f. ASTM D 3697–
07. Standard Test Methods for Antimony
in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009g. ASTM D 3859–
08. Standard Test Methods for Selenium
in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009h. ASTM D 1253–
08. Standard Test Method for Residual
Chlorine in Water. ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
(Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009i. ASTM D 516–07.
Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in
Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959. (Available at https://
www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009j. ASTM D 6581–
08. Standard Test Methods for Bromate,
Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in
Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion
Chromatography. ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
(Available at https://www.astm.org.)
Best, J. 2009. Memo to the record describing
basis for expedited approval of Standard
Methods 9223 B (20th Edition), 9223 B
(21st Edition) and 9223 B–97 for
determining E. coli as specified at 40
CFR 141.21(f)(6). August 31, 2009.
CPI International. 2001. ColitagTM Test.
ColitagTM Product as a Test for Detection
and Identification of Coliforms and
Escherichia coli Bacteria in Drinking
Water and Source Water as Required in
National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations. August 2001. 580 Skylane
Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA 95403.
CPI International. 2009. Modified ColitagTM
Method. Modified ColitagTM Test
Method for the Simultaneous Detection
of E. coli and other Total Coliforms in
Water (ATP D05–0035). August 28, 2009.
5580 Skylane Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA
95403.
Edberg, S.C. et al. 1989. ‘‘National Field
Evaluation of a Defined Substrate
Method for the Simultaneous Detection
of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli
from Drinking Water: Comparison with
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Presence-Absence Techniques.’’ Applied
Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 55,
pp. 1003–1008, April 1989.
Environmental Engineering & Technology,
Inc. (EE&T, Inc.). Memorandum No. 4 to
AWWA. Final Analysis of Online
Amperometric Data. EE&T Project No.
5318, February 27, 2009. EE&T, Inc., 712
Gum Rock Court, Newport News, VA
23606.
Fair, P. 2009. Memo to the record describing
basis for approval of updated ASTM
methods. September 30, 2009.
Fair, P. and Wendelken, S. 2009. Memo to
the record describing basis for expedited
approval of EPA Method 334.0.
September 30, 2009.
Munch, D. 2009a. Memo to the record
describing basis for expedited approval
of EPA Method 302.0 for bromate.
September 30, 2009.
Munch, D. 2009b. Memo to the record
describing basis for expedited approval
of EPA Method 557 for HAA5 and
bromate. October 6, 2009.
Palintest Ltd. 2009a. ChloroSense Method,
Rev. 1.0. Measurement of Free and Total
Chlorine in Drinking Water by Palintest
ChloroSense, August 10, 2009, Palintest
Ltd, 21 Kenton Lands Road, PO Box
18395, Erlanger, KY 41018. (Available at
https://www.nemi.gov.)
Palintest Ltd. 2009b. ATP Evaluation of
Palintest ChloroSense for the
Measurement of Free and Total Chlorine,
August 10, 2009. Palintest Ltd, 21
Kenton Lands Road, PO Box 18395,
Erlanger, KY 41018.
SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG. 2009a.
AMI Turbiwell Method, Rev. 1.0.
Continuous Measurement of Turbidity
Using a SWAN AMI Turbiwell
Turbidimeter, August 10, 2009, Markus
Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische
Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13,
CH–8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
(Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG. 2009b.
ATP Evaluation of the SWAN AMI
Turbiwell Turbidimeter for Measurement
of Turbidity, August 10, 2009.
Studbachstrasse 13, CH–8340 Hinwil,
Switzerland.
USEPA. 1993. EPA Method 180.1, Revision
2.0, ‘‘Determination of Turbidity by
Nephelometry’’ in Methods for the
Determination of Inorganic Substances in
Environmental Samples, EPA/600/R–93/
100. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 1995. EPA Method 552.2,
‘‘Determination of Haloacetic Acids and
Dalapon in Drinking Water by LiquidLiquid Extraction, Derivatization and
Gas Chromatography with Electron
Capture Detection’’ in Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water, Supplement III, EPA/
600/R–95–131, August 1995. (Available
at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 2000. EPA Method 300.1,
‘‘Determination of Inorganic Anions in
Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography’’
in Methods for the Determination of
Organic and Inorganic Compounds in
Drinking Water, Volume 1, EPA 815–R–
00–014. (Available at https://
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www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2001. EPA Method 317.0, Revision
2.0, Determination of Inorganic
Oxyhalide Disinfection By-Products in
Drinking Water Using Ion
Chromatography with the Addition of a
Postcolumn Reagent for Trace Bromate
Analysis, EPA 815–B–01–001, July 2001.
(Available at https://epa.gov/safewater/
methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2002. EPA Method 326.0,
Determination of Inorganic Oxyhalide
Disinfection By-Products in Drinking
Water Using Ion Chromatography
Incorporating the Addition of a
Suppressor Acidified Postcolumn
Reagent for Trace Bromate Analysis, EPA
815–R–03–007, June 2002. (Available at
https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2003. EPA Method 552.3,
Determination of Haloacetic Acids and
Dalapon in Drinking Water by LiquidLiquid Microextraction, Derivatization,
and Gas Chromatography with Electron
Capture Detection, EPA 815–B–03–002,
July 2003. (Available at https://
www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html).
USEPA. 2005. EPA Method 415.0, Revision
1.1. Determination of Total Organic
Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at
254 nm in Source Water and Drinking
Water. EPA/600/R–05/055, February
2005. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/
nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
USEPA. 2007. Expedited Approval of Test
Procedures for the Analysis of
Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking
Water Act; Analysis and Sampling
Procedures. 72 FR 17902. April 10, 2007.
USEPA. 2008. Expedited Approval of
Alternative Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe
Drinking Water Act; Analysis and
Sampling Procedures. 73 FR 31616. June
3, 2008.
USEPA. 2009a. Expedited Approval of
Alternative Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe
Drinking Water Act; Analysis and
Sampling Procedures. 74 FR 38348.
August 3, 2009.
USEPA. 2009b. EPA Method 334.0.
Determination of Residual Chlorine in
Drinking Water Using an On-line
Chlorine Analyzer, EPA 815–B–09–013.
September 2009. (Available at https://
epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2009c. Response to Comments
Document for Review of EPA Method
334.0. September 30, 2009.
USEPA. 2009d. EPA Method 302.0.
Determination of Bromate in Drinking
Waters using Two-Dimensional Ion
Chromatography with Suppressed
Conductivity Detection, EPA 815–B–09–
014. September 2009. (Available at
https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2009e. EPA Method 557.
Determination of Haloacetic Acids,
Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water
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by Ion Chromatography Electrospray
Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(IC–ESI–MS/MS), EPA 815–B–09–012,
August 2009. (Available at https://
epa.gov/safewater/methods/
analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2009f. EPA Method 415.0, Revision
1.2. Determination of Total Organic
Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at
254 nm in Source Water and Drinking
Water. EPA/600/R–09/122, September
2009. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/
nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
USEPA. 2009g. ATP Study Report of
Modified ColitagTM, ATP Case No. D05–
0035, September 21, 2009.
Wimsatt, J. 2009. Memo to the record
describing changes to EPA Method
415.3, Revision 1.1 that are incorporated
into Revision 1.2. September 30, 2009.
Zaffiro, A.D. and Zimmerman, M. 2009. EPA
Method 557 Research Summary, Shaw
Environmental Inc., Cincinnati OH.
March 2009.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
Chemicals, Environmental protection,
Indians—lands, Intergovernmental
relations, Radiation protection,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Water supply.
Dated: October 29, 2009.
Peter S. Silva,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Water.
For the reasons stated in the preamble,
40 CFR part 141 is amended as follows:
■
PART 141—NATIONAL PRIMARY
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
1. The authority citation for part 141
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g–l, 300j–4,
and 300j–9.
2. Appendix A to subpart C of part
141 is amended as follows:
■ a. By revising the entry in the table
entitled ‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.21(f)(3).’’
■ b. By adding the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.21(f)(6)’’ after the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.21(f)(3).’’
■ c. By revising the entries for
‘‘Antimony,’’ ‘‘Arsenic,’’ ‘‘Beryllium,’’
‘‘Calcium,’’ ‘‘Copper,’’ ‘‘Lead,’’
‘‘Magnesium,’’ and ‘‘Selenium’’ in the
table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for contaminants listed at 40
CFR 141.23(k)(1).’’
■ d. By revising the entry for
‘‘Turbidity’’ in the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.74(a)(1).’’
■ e. By revising the entries for ‘‘Free
Chlorine’’ and ‘‘Total Chlorine’’ in the
■
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table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for disinfectant residuals listed
at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).’’
■ f. By revising the entry for ‘‘HAA5’’
and adding the entries for ‘‘Bromate’’
and ‘‘Chlorite’’ after the entry for
‘‘HAA5’’ in the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.131(b)(1).’’
■ g. By revising the entries for ‘‘Free
Chlorine,’’ ‘‘Combined Chlorine’’ and
‘‘Total Chlorine’’ in the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods for
j. By revising the entry for ‘‘Sulfate’’
in the table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for contaminants listed at 40
CFR 143.4(b)’’ and,
■ k. By adding footnotes 13 through 19
to the table.
disinfectant residuals listed at 40 CFR
141.131(c)(1).’’
■ h. By revising all the entries in the
table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for parameters listed at 40 CFR
141.131(d).’’
■ i. By adding the table entitled
‘‘Alternative testing methods with MRL
≤ 0.0010 mg/L for monitoring listed at
40 CFR 141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B)’’ after the
table entitled ‘‘Alternative testing
methods for parameters listed at 40 CFR
141.131(d).’’
■
Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141—
Alternative Testing Methods Approved
for Analyses Under the Safe Drinking
Water Act
*
*
*
*
*
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3)
SM 21st edition 1
Organism
Methodology
Total Coliforms ............
Total Coliform Fermentation Technique ............................................
Total Coliform Membrane Filter Technique .......................................
Presence-Absence (P–A) Coliform Test ............................................
ONPG–MUG Test ..............................................................................
Colitag TM ...........................................................................................
Other
9221 A, B
9222 A, B, C
9221 D
9223
Modified Colitag TM
13
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.21(F)(6)
SM 21st
edition 1
SM 20th
edition 6
Organism
Methodology
E. coli ..........................
ONPG–MUG Test ...........................
9223 B
9223 B
SM online 3
Other
9223 B–97
Modified Colitag TM
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
Contaminant
Methodology
*
Antimony ............
*
*
Hydride-Atomic Absorption ........
Atomic Absorption; Furnace ......
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
Atomic Absorption; Furnace ......
Hydride Atomic Absorption ........
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
Arsenic ...............
*
Beryllium .............
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*
Calcium ..............
*
Copper ................
VerDate Nov<24>2008
*
*
Inductively Coupled Plasma ......
Atomic Absorption; Furnace ......
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
*
*
EDTA titrimetric .........................
Atomic Absorption; Direct Aspiration.
Inductively Coupled Plasma ......
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
*
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ASTM 4
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4.2.2
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3114 B
D 2972–08 C
D 2972–08 B
200.5, Revision
4.2.
*
*
3120 B
3113 B
*
*
D 3645–08 B
200.5, Revision
4.2.
*
*
*
D 511–09 A
D 511–09 B
*
*
*
D 1688–07 C
D 1688–07 A
*
3500–Ca B
3111 B
3120 B
200.5, Revision
4.2.
*
*
Atomic Absorption; Furnace ......
Atomic Absorption; Direct Aspiration.
Inductively Coupled Plasma ......
18:16 Nov 09, 2009
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3120 B
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Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 216 / Tuesday, November 10, 2009 / Rules and Regulations
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)—Continued
Contaminant
Methodology
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
*
Lead ...................
Magnesium .........
*
Selenium ............
*
*
*
Atomic Absorption; Furnace ......
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
Atomic Absorption .....................
Inductively Coupled Plasma ......
Complexation Titrimetric Methods.
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
*
*
Hydride-Atomic Absorption ........
Atomic Absorption; Furnace ......
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (AVICP–AES).
*
*
SM online 3
ASTM 4
200.5, Revision
4.2.
*
*
SM 21st
edition 1
EPA method
*
*
*
*
D 3559–08 D
3113 B
Other
*
200.5, Revision
4.2.
3111 B
3120 B
3500–Mg B
D 511–09 B
D 511–09 A
200.5, Revision
4.2.
*
*
*
D 3859–08 A
D 3859–08 B
3114 B
3113 B
*
200.5, Revision
4.2.
*
*
*
*
*
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)
SM 21st
edition 1
Organism
Methodology
*
Turbidity ......................
*
*
*
*
Nephelometric Method ..................................................................................
Laser Nephelometry (on-line) ........................................................................
LED Nephelometry (on-line) ..........................................................................
LED Nephelometry (on-line) ..........................................................................
LED Nephelometry (portable) ........................................................................
Other
*
2130 B
Mitchell M5271 10
Mitchell M5331 11
AMI Turbiwell 15
Orion AQ4500 12
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2)
SM 21st
edition 1
Residual
Methodology
Free Chlorine ..............
Amperometric Titration ...................................................
DPD Ferrous Titrimetric ..................................................
DPD Colorimetric ............................................................
Syringaldazine (FACTS) .................................................
On-line Chlorine Analyzer ..............................................
Amperometric Sensor .....................................................
Amperometric Titration ...................................................
Amperometric Titration (Low level measurement) .........
DPD Ferrous Titrimetric ..................................................
DPD Colorimetric ............................................................
Iodometric Electrode .......................................................
On-line Chlorine Analyzer ..............................................
Amperometric Sensor .....................................................
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Total Chlorine ..............
*
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4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
D
F
G
H
ASTM 4
D 1253–08
EPA 334.0 16
ChloroSense 17
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
D
E
F
G
I
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EPA 334.0 16
ChloroSense 17
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ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1)
Contaminant
Methodology
*
HAA5 ...........................
*
*
*
LLE (diazomethane)/GC/ECD ........................................
*
Bromate .......................
Chlorite ........................
ASTM 4
EPA method
*
*
*
Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem
Mass Spectrometry (IC–ESI–MS/MS).
Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography (IC) ...................
Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem
Mass Spectrometry (IC–ESI–MS/MS).
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography ................
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography ...........
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography ................
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography ...........
*
SM 21st edition 1
*
6251 B
*
*
557 14
302.0 18
557 14
D
D
D
D
6581–08
6581–08
6581–08
6581–08
A
B
A
B
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1)
SM 21st edition 1
Residual
Methodology
Free Chlorine ..............
Amperometric Titration ...................................................
DPD Ferrous Titrimetric .................................................
DPD Colorimetric ............................................................
Syringaldazine (FACTS) .................................................
Amperometric Sensor .....................................................
On-line Chlorine Analyzer ..............................................
Amperometric Titration ...................................................
DPD Ferrous Titrimetric .................................................
DPD Colorimetric ............................................................
Amperometric Titration ...................................................
Low level Amperometric Titration ...................................
DPD Ferrous Titrimetric .................................................
DPD Colorimetric ............................................................
Iodometric Electrode ......................................................
Amperometric Sensor .....................................................
On-line Chlorine Analyzer ..............................................
Combined Chlorine .....
Total Chlorine ..............
*
*
*
*
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
D
F
G
H
ASTM 4
Other
D 1253–08
ChloroSense 17
EPA 334.0 16
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
4500–Cl
D
F
G
D
E
F
G
I
D 1253–08
D 1253–08
ChloroSense 17
EPA 334.0 16
*
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR PARAMETERS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(d)
SM 21st
edition 1
Parameter
Methodology
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ................................
High Temperature Combustion ............................
Persulfate-Ultraviolet or Heated Persulfate Oxidation.
Wet Oxidation ......................................................
Calculation using DOC and UV254 data ...............
High Temperature Combustion ............................
Persulfate-Ultraviolet or Heated Persulfate Oxidation.
Wet Oxidation ......................................................
Spectrophotometry ...............................................
Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance (SUVA) ..............
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) ................
Ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (UV254) ......
EPA
5310 B
5310 C
415.3, Rev 1.2 19
415.3, Rev 1.2
5310 D
5310 B
5310 C
415.3,
415.3,
415.3,
415.3,
5310 D
5910 B
415.3, Rev 1.2
415.3, Rev 1.2
Rev
Rev
Rev
Rev
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS WITH MRL > 0.0010 MG/L FOR MONITORING LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B)
Methodology
Bromate .............
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Contaminant
Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography (IC) .....................................................................................................
Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC–ESI–MS/MS) ........................
*
*
*
*
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ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 143.4(b)
Contaminant
Methodology
*
Sulfate ..............
*
*
Ion Chromatography .........................................
Gravimetric with ignition of residue ...................
Gravimetric with drying of residue ....................
Turbidimetric method ........................................
Automated methylthymol blue method .............
*
*
*
1 Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005).
Available from American Public Health
Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20001–3710.
2 EPA Method 200.5, Revision 4.2.
‘‘Determination of Trace Elements in
Drinking Water by Axially Viewed
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry.’’ 2003. EPA/600/R–
06/115. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/
nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
3 Standard Methods Online are available at
https://www.standardmethods.org. The year
in which each method was approved by the
Standard Methods Committee is designated
by the last two digits in the method number.
The methods listed are the only online
versions that may be used.
4 Available from ASTM International, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959 or https://astm.org. The methods
listed are the only alternative versions that
may be used.
*
*
*
*
*
6 Standard
Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 20th edition (1998).
Available from American Public Health
Association, 800 I Street, NW., Washington,
DC 20001–3710.
*
*
*
*
*
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with RULES
10 Mitchell
Method M5271, Revision 1.1.
‘‘Determination of Turbidity by Laser
Nephelometry,’’ March 5, 2009. Available at
https://www.nemi.gov or from Leck Mitchell,
Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr.,
Grand Junction, CO 81507.
11 Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.1.
‘‘Determination of Turbidity by LED
Nephelometry,’’ March 5, 2009. Available at
https://www.nemi.gov or from Leck Mitchell,
Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr.,
Grand Junction, CO 81507.
12 Orion Method AQ4500, Revision 1.0.
‘‘Determination of Turbidity by LED
Nephelometry,’’ May 8, 2009. Available at
https://www.nemi.gov or from Thermo
Scientific, 166 Cummings Center, Beverly,
MA 01915, https://www.thermo.com.
13 Modified ColitagTM Method, ‘‘Modified
ColitagTM Test Method for the Simultaneous
Detection of E. coli and other Total Coliforms
in Water (ATP D05–0035),’’ August 28, 2009.
Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from
CPI, International, 580 Skylane Boulevard,
Santa Rosa, CA 95403.
14 EPA Method 557. ‘‘Determination of
Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and Dalapon in
Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography
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EPA Method
*
*
*
Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (IC–ESI–MS/MS),’’ August
2009. EPA 815–B–09–012. Available at
https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analytical
methods_ogwdw.html.
15 AMI Turbiwell, ‘‘Continuous
Measurement of Turbidity Using a SWAN
AMI Turbiwell Turbidimeter,’’ August 2009.
Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from
Markus Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische
Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13, CH–
8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
16 EPA Method 334.0. ‘‘Determination of
Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water Using
an On-line Chlorine Analyzer,’’ August 2009.
EPA 815–B–09–013. Available at https://epa.
gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_
ogwdw.html.
17 ChloroSense. ‘‘Measurement of Free and
Total Chlorine in Drinking Water by Palintest
ChloroSense,’’ September 2009. Available at
https://www.nemi.gov or from Palintest Ltd,
21 Kenton Lands Road, PO Box 18395,
Erlanger, KY 41018.
18 EPA Method 302.0. ‘‘Determination of
Bromate in Drinking Waters using TwoDimensional Ion Chromatography with
Suppressed Conductivity Detection,’’
September 2009. EPA 815–B–09–014.
Available at https://epa.gov/safewater/
methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.
19 EPA 415.3, Revision 1.2. ‘‘Determination
of Total Organic Carbon and Specific UV
Absorbance at 254 nm in Source Water and
Drinking Water,’’ August 2009. EPA/600/R–
09/122. Available at https://www.epa.gov/
nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.
[FR Doc. E9–27044 Filed 11–9–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes of Health
42 CFR Part 52
[Docket No. NIH–2007–0929]
RIN 0925–AA42
Grants for Research Projects
AGENCY: National Institutes of Health,
Department of Health and Human
Services.
ACTION: Final rule.
PO 00000
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4500–SO4¥2
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D
E
F
SM Online 3
4500–SO4¥2 C–97
4500–SO4¥ D–97
4500–SO4¥2 E–97
4500–SO4¥2 F–97
*
SUMMARY: The National Institutes of
Health is amending the current
regulations governing grants for research
projects by revising the definition of
Principal Investigator to mean one or
more individuals designated by the
grantee in the grant application and
approved by the Secretary, who is or are
responsible for the scientific and
technical direction of the project, rather
than limiting the role of Principal
Investigator to one single individual;
and the conditions for multiple or
concurrent awards pursuant to one or
more applications.
DATES: This final rule is effective
December 10, 2009.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jerry
Moore, NIH Regulations Officer, Office
of Management Assessment, National
Institutes of Health, 6011 Executive
Boulevard, Room 601, MSC 7669,
Rockville, MD 20852–7669, or
telephone 301–496–4607.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On
September 30, 2003, the NIH Director
announced a series of far reaching
strategic initiatives known collectively
as the NIH Roadmap for Medical
Research (NIH Roadmap). The NIH
Roadmap is an innovative approach
designed to transform the Nation’s
medical research capabilities and
accelerate fundamental research
discovery and translation of that
knowledge into effective prevention
strategies and new treatments. One of
the NIH Roadmap initiatives encourages
interdisciplinary research and team
science and includes a recommendation
to modify grant and research contract
applications to allow for the proposing
of more than one Principal Investigator
when appropriate. This is congruent
with the January 4, 2005, directive
issued by the Office of Science and
Technology Policy (OSTP) to all Federal
research agency heads instructing the
heads to accommodate the recognition
of two or more Principal Investigators
on research projects (grants and
contracts). This OSTP policy does not
prohibit the use of a single Principal
E:\FR\FM\10NOR1.SGM
10NOR1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 216 (Tuesday, November 10, 2009)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 57908-57918]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E9-27044]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[EPA-HQ-OW-2009-0707; FRL-8979-5]
Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis
and Sampling Procedures
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This action announces the Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring
the levels of contaminants in drinking water and determining compliance
with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) authorizes EPA to approve the use of alternative
testing methods through publication in the Federal Register. EPA is
using this streamlined authority to make 25 additional methods
available for analyzing drinking water samples required by regulation.
This expedited approach provides public water systems, laboratories,
and primacy agencies with more timely access to new measurement
techniques and greater flexibility in the selection of analytical
methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs while maintaining public
health protection.
DATES: This action is effective November 10, 2009.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Safe Drinking Water Hotline: (800)
426-4791
[[Page 57909]]
or Patricia Snyder Fair, Technical Support Center, Office of Ground
Water and Drinking Water (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26
West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268; telephone number:
(513) 569-7937; e-mail address: fair.pat@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does This Action Apply to Me?
Public water systems are the regulated entities required to measure
contaminants in drinking water samples. In addition, EPA Regions as
well as States and Tribal governments with authority to administer the
regulatory program for public water systems under SDWA may also measure
contaminants in water samples. When EPA sets a monitoring requirement
in its national primary drinking water regulations for a given
contaminant, the Agency also establishes in the regulations
standardized test procedures for analysis of the contaminant. This
action makes alternative testing methods available for particular
drinking water contaminants beyond the testing methods currently
established in the regulations. EPA is providing public water systems
required to test water samples with a choice of using either a test
procedure already established in the existing regulations or an
alternative test procedure that has been approved in this action.
Categories and entities that may ultimately be affected by this action
include:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of potentially regulated
Category entities NAICS \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, Local, & Tribal Governments...................... States, local and Tribal governments 924110
that analyze water samples on behalf
of public water systems required to
conduct such analysis; States, local
and Tribal governments that
themselves operate community and non-
transient non-community water systems
required to monitor.
Industry................................................ Private operators of community and non- 221310
transient non-community water systems
required to monitor.
Municipalities.......................................... Municipal operators of community and 924110
non-transient non-community water
systems required to monitor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.
This table is not exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for
readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. This
table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware could
potentially be affected by this action. Other types of entities not
listed in the table could also be impacted. To determine whether your
facility is affected by this action, you should carefully examine the
applicability language at 40 CFR 141.2 (definition of public water
system). If you have questions regarding the applicability of this
action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
B. How Can I Get Copies of This Document and Other Related Information?
Docket. EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2009-0707. Publicly available docket materials are
available either electronically through https://www.regulations.gov or
in hard copy at the Water Docket in the EPA Docket Center, (EPA/DC) EPA
West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC.
Copyrighted materials are available only in hard copy. The EPA Docket
Center Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday
through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the
Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the
Water Docket is (202) 566-2426.
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Action
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations.
DOC: Dissolved Organic Carbon.
DPD: N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
E. coli: Escherichia coli.
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency.
HAA5: Haloacetic Acids (five); Sum of Monochloroacetic Acid,
Dichloroacetic Acid, Trichloroacetic Acid, Monobromoacetic Acid, and
Dibromoacetic Acid.
IC: Ion Chromatography.
IC-ESI-MS/MS: Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass
Spectrometry.
LED: Light Emitting Diode.
mg/L: Milligrams/Liter.
MRL: Minimum Reporting Level.
NEMI: National Environmental Methods Index.
nm: Nanometers.
QC: Quality Control.
SDWA: Safe Drinking Water Act.
SUVA: Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance.
TOC: Total Organic Carbon.
UV254: Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 nanometers.
Table of Contents
I. General Information
A. Does This Action Apply to Me?
B. How Can I Get Copies of This Document and Other Related
Information?
II. Background
A. What Is the Purpose of This Action?
B. What Is the Basis for This Action?
III. Summary of Approvals
A. Methods Developed by EPA
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies
(VCSB)
C. Methods Developed by Vendors
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
V. References
II. Background
A. What Is the Purpose of This Action?
In this action, EPA is approving 25 analytical methods for
determining contaminant concentrations in samples collected under SDWA.
Regulated parties required to sample and monitor may use either the
testing methods already established in existing regulations or the
alternative testing methods being approved in this action. The new
methods are listed in Appendix A to Subpart C in 40 CFR 141 and on
EPA's drinking water methods Web site at https://www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_expedited.html.
B. What Is the Basis for This Action?
When EPA determines that an alternative analytical method is
``equally effective'' (i.e., as effective as a method that has already
been promulgated in the regulations), SDWA allows EPA to approve the
use of the alternative method through publication in the Federal
Register. (See Section 1401(1) of SDWA.) EPA is using this streamlined
approval authority to make 25 additional methods available for
determining contaminant concentrations in samples collected under SDWA.
EPA has determined that, for each contaminant or group of contaminants
listed in Section III, the additional testing methods being approved in
this action are equally effective as one or more of the testing methods
already established in the regulations for those contaminants.
[[Page 57910]]
Section 1401(1) states that the newly approved methods ``shall be
treated as an alternative for public water systems to the quality
control and testing procedures listed in the regulation.'' Accordingly,
this action makes these additional (and optional) 25 analytical methods
legally available for meeting EPA's monitoring requirements.
This action does not add regulatory language, but does, for
informational purposes, update an appendix to the regulations at 40 CFR
part 141 that lists all methods approved under Section 1401(1) of SDWA.
Accordingly, while this action is not a rule, it is updating CFR text
and therefore is being published in the ``Final Rules'' section of this
Federal Register.
EPA described this expedited methods approval process in an April
10, 2007, Federal Register notice (72 FR 17902) (USEPA 2007) and
announced its intent to begin using the process. EPA published the
first set of approvals in a June 3, 2008, Federal Register notice (73
FR 31616) (USEPA 2008) and added Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart
C. Six additional methods were added to Appendix A to Subpart C in an
August 3, 2009, Federal Register notice (74 FR 38348) (USEPA 2009a).
Future approvals using this process are anticipated.
III. Summary of Approvals
EPA is approving 25 methods that are equally effective relative to
methods previously promulgated in the regulations. By means of this
notice, these 25 methods are added to Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 141,
Subpart C.
A. Methods Developed by EPA
1. EPA Method 334.0, ``Determination of Residual Chlorine in
Drinking Water Using an On-line Chlorine Analyzer'' (USEPA 2009b)
establishes quality control (QC) criteria for on-line chlorine
analyzers such that the analyzers provide data equivalent to the grab
sample methodologies that are already approved in the regulations. The
on-line chlorine analyzer is calibrated using aqueous standards or the
results from grab samples that are collected at the same sample point
as used by the analyzer. The grab samples are analyzed for chlorine
using a method that is approved for drinking water compliance
monitoring. The accuracy of the on-line chlorine analyzer is
periodically verified (and adjustments made when necessary) based on
results from grab sample analyses.
Previously approved methods for determining free and total chlorine
residuals in drinking water are listed in the tables at 40 CFR
141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1). All of the methods are designed
for grab sample analyses. The regulation at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) also
states, ``Free and total chlorine residuals may be measured
continuously by adapting a specified chlorine residual method for use
with a continuous monitoring instrument provided the chemistry,
accuracy, and precision remain the same. Instruments used for
continuous monitoring must be calibrated with a grab sample measurement
at least every five days, or with a protocol approved by the State.''
Continuous monitoring instruments that use N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylene
diamine (DPD) chemistry are the only on-line chlorine analyzers that,
prior to this action, met the drinking water regulatory requirement to
use the same chemistry as an approved method. The instruments perform
chlorine residual measurements on a frequent basis using an automated
version of Standard Method 4500-Cl G (APHA 1998), which is listed in
the tables at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1). Since the
instruments use an approved method, they have the capability to provide
the same accuracy and precision as the approved method (Standard Method
4500-Cl G), if they are properly installed and maintained. The
performance characteristics of the instruments are periodically checked
by comparing the instrumental results to grab sample measurements
according to a protocol approved by the State.
EPA Method 334.0 now allows the use of on-line chlorine analyzers
based on chemistry different from that of approved methods. It is a
``performance based'' method, which means it establishes QC criteria to
bench-mark the performance of the on-line chlorine analyzer against the
performance of approved grab sample methods. As long as the on-line
analyzer meets the QC criteria in EPA Method 334.0, the data are deemed
equivalent to data obtained using the approved grab sample methods. EPA
Method 334.0 can be used with any type of on-line chlorine analyzer.
Data from 38 drinking water treatment facilities (EE&T, Inc. 2009)
were used as the basis for establishing the on-line chlorine analyzer
QC criteria in EPA Method 334.0. Chlorine residual measurements from
on-line amperometric chlorine analyzers were compared to the results
from grab sample analyses performed using either Standard Method 4500-
Cl D (amperometric titration) (APHA 1998) or Standard Method 4500-Cl G
(DPD colorimetric). Both Standard Methods are approved for drinking
water compliance monitoring analyses and are listed in the tables at 40
CFR 141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1). The data from the 38
facilities demonstrate that on-line amperometric chlorine analyzers can
provide data that are equivalent to approved methods.
EPA Method 334.0 requires that the analyst demonstrate that the
grab sample method provides reliable data prior to using it to verify
the performance of an on-line chlorine analyzer. This QC requirement is
consistent with the QC requirements in the approved grab sample
methods. Aqueous standards are analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy and
precision of the measurements. EPA recommends that the grab sample QC
requirements in EPA Method 334.0 be used with all on-line chlorine
analyzers, including those that are originally approved under the
provisions of 40 CFR 141.74.
A preliminary draft of EPA Method 334.0 was provided to the
Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the American Water
Works Association, and the Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers
Association. A revised draft was reviewed by persons from two State
agencies and two drinking water utilities. The final method reflects
changes made in response to review comments. The public docket for this
action includes the comments from these organizations and the Agency's
response to comments (USEPA 2009c).
EPA has determined that EPA Method 334.0 is equally effective for
measuring free and total chlorine residuals as the methods that are
promulgated in the regulations at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) and 40 CFR
141.131(c)(1). The basis for this determination is discussed in Fair
and Wendelken 2009. EPA is therefore approving use of EPA Method 334.0
for on-line analyses of free and total chlorine. A copy of the method
can be accessed and downloaded directly on-line at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.
2. EPA Method 302.0, ``Determination of Bromate in Drinking Waters
using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity
Detection'' (USEPA 2009d) is a large volume (1.0 mL), two-dimensional
ion chromatography (IC) method that uses suppressed conductivity
detection for the determination of bromate in raw and finished drinking
waters. Because this method utilizes two dissimilar IC columns it does
not require second column confirmation. Detection and quantitation are
accomplished in the second dimension by suppressed conductivity
measurement. Bromate
[[Page 57911]]
concentration is calculated using the integrated peak area and the
external standard technique.
EPA Method 302.0 offers increased bromate specificity without the
complexity of post column reactors.
The approved methods for bromate are listed at 40 CFR
141.131(b)(1). The performance characteristics of EPA Method 302.0 were
compared to the characteristics of approved EPA Methods 300.1 (USEPA
2000), 317.0, Revision 2.0 (USEPA 2001), and 326.0 (USEPA 2002). EPA
has determined that EPA Method 302.0 is equally effective for measuring
bromate concentrations as these approved methods. EPA Method 302.0 can
also meet the minimum reporting limit (MRL) requirements necessary for
methods that are used to support the reduced bromate monitoring
specified at 40 CFR 141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B). The basis for these
determinations is discussed in Munch 2009a. EPA is therefore approving
EPA Method 302.0 for the routine determination of bromate in drinking
water and also allowing its use for reduced bromate monitoring. A copy
of the method can be accessed and downloaded directly on-line at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.
3. EPA Method 557, ``Determination of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate,
and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography Electrospray
Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS)'' (USEPA 2009e) is a
direct-injection, ion chromatography, negative-ion electrospray
ionization, tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the
determination of nine haloacetic acids in finished drinking waters.
Each method analyte is qualitatively identified via a unique mass
transition, and the concentration is calculated using the integrated
peak area and the internal standard technique.
Bromate may be measured concurrently with the haloacetic acids.
Real time, chromatographic separation of common anions in drinking
water (matrix elimination) is a key feature of this method. Acceptable
method performance has been demonstrated for matrix ion concentrations
of 320 milligrams/Liter (mg/L) chloride, 250 mg/L sulfate, 150 mg/L
bicarbonate and 20 mg/L nitrate.
EPA Method 557 eliminates the labor intensive sample preparation
steps (extraction and derivatization) that are required in the current
methods that are approved for haloacetic acid determinations. It also
reduces the use of solvents and potentially hazardous chemicals. The
development work for this method is described in the method research
summary (Zaffiro and Zimmerman 2009).
The sum of five haloacetic acids (monochloroacetic acid,
dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and
dibromoacetic acid) is regulated as HAA5. The approved methods for HAA5
are listed at 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1). The performance characteristics of
EPA Method 557 for each of the five haloacetic acids were compared to
the characteristics of approved EPA Methods 552.2 (USEPA 1995) and
552.3, Revision 1.0 (USEPA 2003) for the same compounds. EPA has
determined that EPA Method 557 is equally effective for measuring HAA5
relative to approved EPA Methods 552.2 and 552.3. The basis for this
determination is discussed in Munch 2009b. Therefore, EPA is approving
EPA Method 557 for determining HAA5 in drinking water.
The performance characteristics of EPA Method 557 were also
compared to the bromate-measurement characteristics of approved EPA
Methods 300.1 (USEPA 2000), 317.0 Revision 2.0 (USEPA 2001), and 326.0
(USEPA 2002). EPA has determined that EPA Method 557 is equally
effective for measuring bromate concentrations as these approved
methods. EPA Method 557 can also meet the MRL requirements necessary
for methods that are used to support the reduced bromate monitoring
specified at 40 CFR 141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B). The basis for these
determinations is discussed in Munch 2009b. EPA is therefore approving
EPA Method 557 for the routine determination of bromate in drinking
water and also allowing its use for reduced bromate monitoring.
A copy of EPA Method 557 can be accessed and downloaded directly
on-line at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.
4. EPA Method 415.3, Revision 1.2, ``Determination of Total Organic
Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nanometers (nm) in Source
Water and Drinking Water'' (USEPA 2009f) is a slightly modified version
of the currently approved EPA Method 415.3, Revision 1.1 (USEPA 2005).
Revision 1.1 is listed as an approved method for determining total
organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet
absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and specific ultraviolet
absorbance (SUVA) concentrations at 40 CFR 141.131(d). Determination of
UV254 can only be done using a double beam spectrophotometer
if the instrument is zeroed according to the directions in the approved
method. Since many water system laboratories use single beam
spectrophotometers, the method was revised to allow for their use by
modifying the zeroing procedure. This modification did not result in
any change in the performance of the method. Therefore, EPA finds that
Method 415.3, Revision 1.2 is equally effective as Revision 1.1.
Revision 1.2 also corrects some typographical errors that are present
in Revision 1.1. The modifications are documented in Wimsatt 2009. EPA
is approving EPA Method 415.3, Revision 1.2 for determining TOC, DOC,
UV254, and SUVA in source water and drinking water.
A copy of EPA Method 415.3, Revision 1.2 can be accessed and
downloaded directly on-line at https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Standard Methods 9223 B-97 and 9223 B (20th and 21st Edition) can be
used to detect Escherichia coli (E. coli). Approved methods for E. coli
are listed at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6). The Minimal Medium ONPG-MUG (MMO-
MUG) Test is listed as an approved method for E. coli and the reference
cited for the procedure is a journal article (Edberg et al. 1989).
Standard Methods used the same research documented in the journal
article to write Standard Method 9223 B, which is published in the 20th
and 21st Edition of Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and
Wastewater (APHA 1998, 2005). The same method is also available on-line
as Standard Method 9223 B-97 (APHA 1997). Since Standard Methods 9223 B
(20th and 21st Edition) and 9223 B-97 are the same procedure as that
documented in the Edberg et al. article, they are equally effective as
the approved Edberg method for determining E. coli (Best 2009).
Therefore, EPA is approving the use of Standard Methods 9223 B (20th
Edition), 9223 B (21st Edition) and 9223 B-97 for determining E. coli
as specified at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6). The 20th and 21st editions can be
obtained from American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I Street,
NW., Washington, DC 20001-3710. Standard Method 9223 B-97 is available
at https://www.standardmethods.org.
2. ASTM International. EPA compared the most recent versions of 14
ASTM International methods to the versions of those methods cited in 40
CFR 141 and 143. Changes between the approved version and the most
recent version of each method are summarized
[[Page 57912]]
in Fair 2009. The revisions primarily involve editorial changes (i.e.,
updated references, reorganization, and corrections of errors). Data
generated using the revised methods are comparable to data obtained
using the previous versions because the chemistry, sample-handling
protocols, and QC are unchanged. The new versions are equally effective
relative to the version cited in the regulation (Fair 2009). Therefore,
EPA is approving the use of the 14 updated ASTM methods for the
contaminants and regulations listed in the following table.
The revised ASTM method for bromate and chlorite analyses (D 6581-
08) is split into two techniques. Method A uses chemically suppressed
ion chromatography and is the same as the approved Method D 6581-00,
which is listed in the regulation at 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1); ASTM D 6581-
08 A is one of the 14 methods previously discussed. Method B uses
electrolytically suppressed ion chromatography and represents a new
method. EPA compared the bromate and chlorite performance data for
Method B to the data in the approved Method D 6581-00 and determined
that Method B is equally effective as the currently approved method
(Fair 2009). Therefore, EPA is approving ASTM D 6581-08 B for the
determination of bromate and chlorite in routine drinking water
compliance samples.
The ASTM methods that are approved in this action are listed in the
following table:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM method Contaminant Regulation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D511-09 A (ASTM International Calcium.............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009a).
Magnesium............................ 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
D511-09 B (ASTM International Calcium.............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009a).
Magnesium............................ 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
D1688-07 A (ASTM International Copper............................... 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009b).
D1688-07 C (ASTM International Copper............................... 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009b).
D2972-08 B (ASTM International Arsenic.............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009c).
D2972-08 C (ASTM International Arsenic.............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009c).
D3559-08 D (ASTM International Lead................................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009d).
D3645-08 B (ASTM International Beryllium............................ 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009e).
D3697-07 (ASTM International 2009f) Antimony............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
D3859-08 A (ASTM International Selenium............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009g).
D3859-08 B (ASTM International Selenium............................. 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
2009g).
D1253-08 (ASTM International 2009h) Free Chlorine........................ 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).
40 CFR 141.131(c)(1)
Total Chlorine....................... 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).
40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).
Combined Chlorine.................... 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).
D516-07 (ASTM International 2009i). Sulfate.............................. 40 CFR 143.4(b).
D6581-08 A (ASTM International Bromate.............................. 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).
2009j).
Chlorite............................. 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).
D6581-08 B (ASTM International Bromate.............................. 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).
2009j).
Chlorite............................. 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The 15 ASTM methods are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or https://www.astm.org.
C. Methods Developed by Vendors
1. AMI Turbiwell Method (SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG 2009a)
uses light emitting diode (LED) nephelometry to continuously measure
turbidity in drinking water. The turbidimeter utilizes a non-contact
light source design to avoid fouling of optical surfaces. The LED has
an emission range of 415 nm to 780 nm with a peak spectral radiance of
562nm. The light beam from the emission LED impinges the water surface
and is refracted. The detector measures the scattered light at an angle
of 90[deg]. A light barrier avoids measurement errors due to light
reflections. The instrument is equipped with an internal data logger,
or the data can be downloaded to a personal computer or central data
system with appropriate computer software.
The approved methods for turbidity are listed at 40 CFR
141.74(a)(1). The performance characteristics of the AMI Turbiwell
turbidimeter were compared to the performance characteristics of
approved EPA Method 180.1 (USEPA 1993). The validation study report
(SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG 2009b) summarizes the results obtained
from the turbidimeters placed in series at three different public water
systems. One water system used ground water and the other two plants
used surface water sources. Measurements included at least one filter
backwash at each of the surface water plants.
EPA has determined that the AMI Turbiwell Method is equally
effective as approved EPA Method 180.1. The basis for this
determination is discussed in the validation study report (SWAN
Analytische Instrumente AG 2009b). Therefore, EPA is approving the AMI
Turbiwell Method for determining turbidity in drinking water. A copy of
the method can be downloaded from the National Environmental Methods
Index (NEMI) at https://www.nemi.gov or obtained by contacting Markus
Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13, CH-
8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
2. ChloroSense (Palintest Ltd 2009a) is an electrochemical sensor
method that measures free and total chlorine using disposable sensors.
Free and combined available chlorine react with proprietary reagents on
the sensor to create intermediate reaction products. These products are
then detected electrochemically. The current that flows in each case is
proportional to the amount of free available chlorine or total
available chlorine in the sample. The sensors are pre-calibrated, and
free and total chlorine concentrations are displayed upon completion of
the analysis.
Approved methods for determining free and total chlorine residuals
in drinking water are listed in the tables at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2) and
40 CFR 141.131(c)(1). The performance characteristics of ChloroSense
were compared to the performance characteristics of approved Standard
Methods 4500-Cl D (amperometric titration)(APHA 1998) and 4500-Cl G
(DPD colorimetric)(APHA 1998). A variety of samples, including drinking
water samples from both surface and
[[Page 57913]]
ground water sources, were fortified with known chlorine concentrations
and then analyzed by each method. The results are summarized in the
validation study report (Palintest Ltd 2009b).
EPA has determined that the ChloroSense Method is equally effective
as approved Standard Methods 4500-Cl D and 4500-Cl G. The basis for
this determination is discussed in the validation study report
(Palintest Ltd 2009b). Therefore, EPA is approving the ChloroSense
Method for determining free and total chlorine residuals in drinking
water. A copy of the method can be downloaded from NEMI at https://www.nemi.gov or obtained by contacting Palintest Ltd, 21 Kenton Lands
Road, P.O. Box 18395, Erlanger, KY 41018.
3. Modified ColitagTM (CPI International 2009).
ColitagTM (CPI International 2001) is a presence/absence
method approved for use under the Total Coliform Rule. It uses
enzymatic cleavage of a chromogenic substance to detect total coliforms
and enzymatic cleavage of a fluorogenic substance to detect E. coli in
a 100 mL sample of drinking water. Detection of total coliforms and E.
coli are performed simultaneously by this method. ColitagTM
may also be used in a most-probable-number format provided that the sum
of all individual portions of the sample total 100 mL. Modified
ColitagTM has a different formulation from the originally
approved ColitagTM. The purpose of the formula change is to
achieve greater selectivity for total coliforms and E. coli.
Additionally, the Modified ColitagTM provides flexibility in
the incubation period (16 to 48 hours), while the approved
ColitagTM requires a 24 hour incubation time.
Approved methods for total coliforms are listed at 40 CFR
141.21(f)(3) and approved methods for E. coli are listed at 40 CFR
141.21(f)(6). The performance characteristics of Modified
ColitagTM were compared to Standard Methods 9221 B (LTB/
BGLB) for total coliforms and 9222 G (LTB/EC-MUG) for E. coli (APHA
1998). The comparison study involved analyses of twenty replicate
drinking water samples that were inoculated with very low densities of
chlorine stressed total coliforms or E. coli obtained from ten
geographically dispersed waste waters. Method specificity was evaluated
using 100 positive and 100 negative cultures as determined from
analyses by the reference methods.
EPA has determined that the Modified ColitagTM Method is
equally effective as approved Standard Methods 9221 B for total
coliforms and 9222 G for E. coli, which are already promulgated in the
regulations at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3) and 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6),
respectively. The basis for this determination is discussed in the
study report (USEPA 2009g). Therefore, EPA is approving the Modified
ColitagTM Method for determining total coliforms and E. coli
in drinking water. A copy of the method can be downloaded from NEMI at
https://www.nemi.gov or obtained by contacting CPI International, 580
Skylane Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA 95403.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
As noted in Section II, under the terms of SDWA Section 1401(1),
this streamlined method approval action is not a rule. Accordingly, the
Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, does not apply
because this action is not a rule for purposes of 5 U.S.C. 804(3).
Similarly, this action is not subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act
because it is not subject to notice and comment requirements under the
Administrative Procedure Act or any other statute. In addition, because
this approval action is not a rule but simply makes alternative
(optional) testing methods available for monitoring under SDWA, EPA has
concluded that other statutes and executive orders generally applicable
to rulemaking do not apply to this approval action.
V. References
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997. Standard Method
9223-97. Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online. (Available at
https://www.standardmethods.org.)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1998. 20th Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW., Washington,
DC 20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. 21st Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW., Washington,
DC 20001-3710.
ASTM International. 2009a. ASTM D 511-09. Standard Test Methods for
Calcium and Magnesium in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009b. ASTM D 1688-07. Standard Test Methods for
Copper in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009c. ASTM D 2972-08. Standard Test Methods for
Arsenic in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009d. ASTM D 3559-08. Standard Test Methods for
Lead in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009e. ASTM D 3645-08. Standard Test Methods for
Beryllium in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009f. ASTM D 3697-07. Standard Test Methods for
Antimony in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009g. ASTM D 3859-08. Standard Test Methods for
Selenium in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009h. ASTM D 1253-08. Standard Test Method for
Residual Chlorine in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009i. ASTM D 516-07. Standard Test Method for
Sulfate Ion in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2009j. ASTM D 6581-08. Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by
Suppressed Ion Chromatography. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at https://www.astm.org.)
Best, J. 2009. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of Standard Methods 9223 B (20th Edition), 9223 B (21st
Edition) and 9223 B-97 for determining E. coli as specified at 40
CFR 141.21(f)(6). August 31, 2009.
CPI International. 2001. Colitag\TM\ Test. Colitag\TM\ Product as a
Test for Detection and Identification of Coliforms and Escherichia
coli Bacteria in Drinking Water and Source Water as Required in
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. August 2001. 580
Skylane Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA 95403.
CPI International. 2009. Modified ColitagTM Method.
Modified ColitagTM Test Method for the Simultaneous
Detection of E. coli and other Total Coliforms in Water (ATP D05-
0035). August 28, 2009. 5580 Skylane Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA
95403.
Edberg, S.C. et al. 1989. ``National Field Evaluation of a Defined
Substrate Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms
and Escherichia coli from Drinking Water: Comparison with
[[Page 57914]]
Presence-Absence Techniques.'' Applied Environmental Microbiology,
Vol. 55, pp. 1003-1008, April 1989.
Environmental Engineering & Technology, Inc. (EE&T, Inc.).
Memorandum No. 4 to AWWA. Final Analysis of Online Amperometric
Data. EE&T Project No. 5318, February 27, 2009. EE&T, Inc., 712 Gum
Rock Court, Newport News, VA 23606.
Fair, P. 2009. Memo to the record describing basis for approval of
updated ASTM methods. September 30, 2009.
Fair, P. and Wendelken, S. 2009. Memo to the record describing basis
for expedited approval of EPA Method 334.0. September 30, 2009.
Munch, D. 2009a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of EPA Method 302.0 for bromate. September 30, 2009.
Munch, D. 2009b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of EPA Method 557 for HAA5 and bromate. October 6, 2009.
Palintest Ltd. 2009a. ChloroSense Method, Rev. 1.0. Measurement of
Free and Total Chlorine in Drinking Water by Palintest ChloroSense,
August 10, 2009, Palintest Ltd, 21 Kenton Lands Road, PO Box 18395,
Erlanger, KY 41018. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
Palintest Ltd. 2009b. ATP Evaluation of Palintest ChloroSense for
the Measurement of Free and Total Chlorine, August 10, 2009.
Palintest Ltd, 21 Kenton Lands Road, PO Box 18395, Erlanger, KY
41018.
SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG. 2009a. AMI Turbiwell Method, Rev.
1.0. Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Using a SWAN AMI Turbiwell
Turbidimeter, August 10, 2009, Markus Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische
Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13, CH-8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
(Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG. 2009b. ATP Evaluation of the SWAN
AMI Turbiwell Turbidimeter for Measurement of Turbidity, August 10,
2009. Studbachstrasse 13, CH-8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
USEPA. 1993. EPA Method 180.1, Revision 2.0, ``Determination of
Turbidity by Nephelometry'' in Methods for the Determination of
Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples, EPA/600/R-93/100.
(Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 1995. EPA Method 552.2, ``Determination of Haloacetic Acids
and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction,
Derivatization and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture
Detection'' in Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water, Supplement III, EPA/600/R-95-131, August 1995.
(Available at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 2000. EPA Method 300.1, ``Determination of Inorganic Anions
in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography'' in Methods for the
Determination of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Drinking Water,
Volume 1, EPA 815-R-00-014. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2001. EPA Method 317.0, Revision 2.0, Determination of
Inorganic Oxyhalide Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water Using
Ion Chromatography with the Addition of a Postcolumn Reagent for
Trace Bromate Analysis, EPA 815-B-01-001, July 2001. (Available at
https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2002. EPA Method 326.0, Determination of Inorganic Oxyhalide
Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water Using Ion Chromatography
Incorporating the Addition of a Suppressor Acidified Postcolumn
Reagent for Trace Bromate Analysis, EPA 815-R-03-007, June 2002.
(Available at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2003. EPA Method 552.3, Determination of Haloacetic Acids and
Dalapon in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction,
Derivatization, and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture
Detection, EPA 815-B-03-002, July 2003. (Available at https://www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html).
USEPA. 2005. EPA Method 415.0, Revision 1.1. Determination of Total
Organic Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm in Source Water
and Drinking Water. EPA/600/R-05/055, February 2005. (Available at
https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
USEPA. 2007. Expedited Approval of Test Procedures for the Analysis
of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis and
Sampling Procedures. 72 FR 17902. April 10, 2007.
USEPA. 2008. Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for
the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act;
Analysis and Sampling Procedures. 73 FR 31616. June 3, 2008.
USEPA. 2009a. Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for
the Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act;
Analysis and Sampling Procedures. 74 FR 38348. August 3, 2009.
USEPA. 2009b. EPA Method 334.0. Determination of Residual Chlorine
in Drinking Water Using an On-line Chlorine Analyzer, EPA 815-B-09-
013. September 2009. (Available at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2009c. Response to Comments Document for Review of EPA Method
334.0. September 30, 2009.
USEPA. 2009d. EPA Method 302.0. Determination of Bromate in Drinking
Waters using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with Suppressed
Conductivity Detection, EPA 815-B-09-014. September 2009. (Available
at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2009e. EPA Method 557. Determination of Haloacetic Acids,
Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography
Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS), EPA
815-B-09-012, August 2009. (Available at https://epa.gov/safewater/methods/analyticalmethods_ogwdw.html.)
USEPA. 2009f. EPA Method 415.0, Revision 1.2. Determination of Total
Organic Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm in Source Water
and Drinking Water. EPA/600/R-09/122, September 2009. (Available at
https://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.)
USEPA. 2009g. ATP Study Report of Modified Colitag\TM\, ATP Case No.
D05-0035, September 21, 2009.
Wimsatt, J. 2009. Memo to the record describing changes to EPA
Method 415.3, Revision 1.1 that are incorporated into Revision 1.2.
September 30, 2009.
Zaffiro, A.D. and Zimmerman, M. 2009. EPA Method 557 Research
Summary, Shaw Environmental Inc., Cincinnati OH. March 2009.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
Chemicals, Environmental protection, Indians--lands,
Intergovernmental relations, Radiation protection, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Water supply.
Dated: October 29, 2009.
Peter S. Silva,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Water.
0
For the reasons stated in the preamble, 40 CFR part 141 is amended as
follows:
PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
0
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-l, 300j-4, and 300j-9.
0
2. Appendix A to subpart C of part 141 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising the entry in the table entitled ``Alternative testing
methods for contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3).''
0
b. By adding the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6)'' after the table entitled
``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.21(f)(3).''
0
c. By revising the entries for ``Antimony,'' ``Arsenic,''
``Beryllium,'' ``Calcium,'' ``Copper,'' ``Lead,'' ``Magnesium,'' and
``Selenium'' in the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for
contaminants listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).''
0
d. By revising the entry for ``Turbidity'' in the table entitled
``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40 CFR
141.74(a)(1).''
0
e. By revising the entries for ``Free Chlorine'' and ``Total Chlorine''
in the
[[Page 57915]]
table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for disinfectant residuals
listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).''
0
f. By revising the entry for ``HAA5'' and adding the entries for
``Bromate'' and ``Chlorite'' after the entry for ``HAA5'' in the table
entitled ``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40
CFR 141.131(b)(1).''
0
g. By revising the entries for ``Free Chlorine,'' ``Combined Chlorine''
and ``Total Chlorine'' in the table entitled ``Alternative testing
methods for disinfectant residuals listed at 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).''
0
h. By revising all the entries in the table entitled ``Alternative
testing methods for parameters listed at 40 CFR 141.131(d).''
0
i. By adding the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods with MRL
<= 0.0010 mg/L for monitoring listed at 40 CFR 141.132(b)(3)(ii)(B)''
after the table entitled ``Alternative testing methods for parameters
listed at 40 CFR 141.131(d).''
0
j. By revising the entry for ``Sulfate'' in the table entitled
``Alternative testing methods for contaminants listed at 40 CFR
143.4(b)'' and,
0
k. By adding footnotes 13 through 19 to the table.
Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141--Alternative Testing Methods
Approved for Analyses Under the Safe Drinking Water Act
* * * * *
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organism Methodology SM 21st edition \1\ Other
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Coliforms............... Total Coliform 9221 A, B .............................
Fermentation
Technique.
Total Coliform 9222 A, B, C .............................
Membrane Filter
Technique.
Presence-Absence 9221 D .............................
(P-A) Coliform
Test.
ONPG-MUG Test.... 9223 .............................
Colitag \TM\..... .............................. Modified Colitag \TM\ \13\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.21(f)(6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organism Methodology SM 20th edition \6\ SM 21st edition \1\ SM online \3\ Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. coli....................... ONPG-MUG Test.... 9223 B 9223 B 9223 B-97 .............................
Modified Colitag \TM\ \13\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SM 21st edition
Contaminant Methodology EPA method \1\ SM online \3\ ASTM \4\ Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Antimony...................... Hydride-Atomic .................. .................. .................. D 3697-07 .................
Absorption.
Atomic Absorption; .................. 3113 B .................. ................. .................
Furnace.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.\2\
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
Arsenic....................... Atomic Absorption; .................. 3113 B .................. D 2972-08 C .................
Furnace.
Hydride Atomic .................. 3114 B .................. D 2972-08 B .................
Absorption.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
* * * * * * *
Beryllium..................... Inductively Coupled .................. 3120 B .................. ................. .................
Plasma.
Atomic Absorption; .................. 3113 B .................. D 3645-08 B .................
Furnace.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
* * * * * * *
Calcium....................... EDTA titrimetric...... .................. 3500-Ca B .................. D 511-09 A .................
Atomic Absorption; .................. 3111 B .................. D 511-09 B .................
Direct Aspiration.
Inductively Coupled .................. 3120 B .................. ................. .................
Plasma.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
* * * * * * *
Copper........................ Atomic Absorption; .................. 3113 B .................. D 1688-07 C .................
Furnace.
Atomic Absorption; .................. 3111 B .................. D 1688-07 A .................
Direct Aspiration.
Inductively Coupled .................. 3120 B .................. ................. .................
Plasma.
[[Page 57916]]
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
* * * * * * *
Lead.......................... Atomic Absorption; .................. 3113 B .................. D 3559-08 D .................
Furnace.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
Magnesium..................... Atomic Absorption..... .................. 3111 B .................. D 511-09 B .................
Inductively Coupled .................. 3120 B .................. ................. .................
Plasma.
Complexation .................. 3500-Mg B .................. D 511-09 A .................
Titrimetric Methods.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
* * * * * * *
Selenium...................... Hydride-Atomic .................. 3114 B .................. D 3859-08 A .................
Absorption.
Atomic Absorption; .................. 3113 B .................. D 3859-08 B .................
Furnace.
Axially viewed 200.5, Revision .................. .................. ................. .................
inductively coupled 4.2.
plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry
(AVICP-AES).
* * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organism Methodology SM 21st edition \1\ Other
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * *
Turbidity....................... Nephelometric 2130 B ...............................
Method.
Laser Nephelometry ........................ Mitchell M5271 \10\
(on-line).
LED Nephelometry ........................ Mitchell M5331 \11\
(on-line).
LED Nephelometry ........................ AMI Turbiwell \15\
(on-line).
LED Nephelometry ........................ Orion AQ4500 \12\
(portable).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative Testing Methods for Disinfectant Residuals Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Residual Methodology SM 21st edition \1\ ASTM \4\ Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free Chlorine...................... Amperometric Titration 4500-Cl D D 1253-08 ..................................
DPD Ferrous 4500-Cl F .......................... ..................................
Titrimetric.
DPD Colorimetric...... 4500-Cl G .......................... ..................................
Syringaldazine (FACTS) 4500-Cl H .......................... ..................................
On-line Chlorine ........................... .......................... EPA 334.0 \16\
Analyzer.
Amperometric Sensor... ........................... .......................... ChloroSense \17\
Total Chlorine..................... Amperometric Titration 4500-Cl D D 1253-08 ..................................
Amperometric Titration 4500-Cl E .......................... ..................................
(Low level
measurement).
DPD Ferrous 4500-Cl F .......................... ..................................
Titrimetric.
DPD Colorimetric...... 4500-Cl G .......................... ..................................
Iodometric Electrode.. 4500-Cl I .......................... ..................................
On-line Chlorine ........................... .......................... EPA 334.0 \16\
Analyzer.
Amperometric Sensor... ........................... .......................... ChloroSense \17\
* * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 57917]]
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant Methodology EPA method ASTM \4\ SM 21st edition \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * *
HAA5............................... LLE (diazomethane)/GC/ ........................... .......................... 6251 B
ECD.
* * * * * *
Ion Chromatography 557 \14\ .......................... ..................................
Electrospray
Ionization Tandem
