Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report, 28946-28952 [E9-14346]
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Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 116 / Thursday, June 18, 2009 / Notices
The later burials at the site contained
pottery types (e.g., Schultz Incised,
Monongahela, shell-tempered) and
copper ornaments (e.g., spirals) that
usually are associated with
Susquehannock peoples who lived in
the Susquehanna River Valley in New
York and Pennsylvania. Archeological
data indicate that Susquehannock
material culture and lifeways were
broadly similar to other Iroquoian- and
Algonquian- speaking peoples,
including the Haudenosaunee, Erie,
Petun, Huron, and Delaware among
others. Archeological and historical
evidence shows that, towards the end of
the 16th century, the Susquehannock
moved south along the Susquehanna
River to escape warfare and position
their villages closer to trade with the
southern colonies. Throughout the 17th
century, the Susquehannock were
greatly reduced by disease and warfare.
Historical records show that by A.D.
1763, the Susquehannock were so
diminished by these processes that they
ceased to exist as a separate group.
Individuals and groups were adopted
and assimilated into various Indian
Nations. Some survivors moved
northward to live among the
Haudenosaunee, while other
Susquehannocks lived among their
Delaware allies. As a result, no
Federally-recognized Susquehannock
groups exist today for the purposes of
NAGPRA. Haudenosaunee oral tradition
describes a relationship of shared group
identity with the Susquehannock
peoples, such as those interred at the
Engelbert site, based on the adoption of
many Susquehannock into Nations
within the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.
The Onondaga Nation asserts a
relationship of shared group identity
with the peoples interred at the
Engelbert site based on oral history,
geography, linguistics, material culture,
and kinship.
The Onondaga Nation petitioned the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Committee (Review
Committee) to hear a dispute with the
New York State Museum about the
cultural affiliation of the human
remains removed from the Engelbert
site. The Engelbert funerary objects in
the physical possession and control of
Binghamton University are directly
associated with the human remains
removed from the Engelbert site, but
were not part of this hearing. During
their October 11–12, 2008 meeting in
San Diego, CA, and in their Findings
and Recommendations published in the
Federal Register (74 FR 9427–9428,
March 4, 2009), the Review Committee
found a relationship of shared group
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identity between the human remains
from the Engelbert site and the
Onondaga Nation and Haudenosaunee
Confederacy. The Onondaga Nation and
the New York State Museum consulted
with members of the Confederacy, as
well as the Stockbridge-Munsee and
Delaware Nation, and found support for
repatriation of the Engelbert human
remains to the Onondaga Nation, as
documented in written support from the
Federally-recognized Tonawanda
Seneca Indians of New York and
Tuscarora Nation of New York; verbal
support from the Federally-recognized
Oneida Nation of New York; St. Regis
Mohawk Tribe, New York; Seneca
Nation of New York; Cayuga Nation of
New York, and Oneida Tribe of Indians
of Wisconsin; and written support from
the Delaware Tribe of Indians (part of
the Federally-recognized Cherokee
Nation, Oklahoma) and the Federallyrecognized Stockbridge-Munsee
Community, Wisconsin. Based on this
information, Binghamton University
also supports the repatriation of the
associated funerary objects from the
Engelbert site to the Onondaga Nation
within whose traditional territory the
associated funerary objects were found.
Officials of Binghamton University
have determined that, pursuant to 25
U.S.C. 3001 (3)(A), the 2,640 lots and
objects described above are reasonably
believed to have been placed with or
near individual Native American human
remains at the time of death or later as
part of the death rite or ceremony.
Officials of Binghamton University have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001 (2), there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be
reasonably traced between the
associated funerary objects and the
Haudenosaunee Confederacy, a nonFederally-recognized Indian group for
the purposes of NAGPRA. Based on the
written and verbal support of
Haudenosaunee and Delaware Nations,
officials of Binghamton University also
have determined that the associated
funerary objects should be repatriated to
the Onondaga Nation of New York
within whose traditional territory the
associated funerary objects were found.
Representatives of any other Indian
Nation or tribe that believes itself to be
culturally affiliated with the associated
funerary objects should contact Nina M.
Versaggi, Public Archaeology Facility,
Binghamton University, Binghamton,
NY 13902–6000, telephone (607) 777–
4786, before July 20, 2009. Repatriation
of the associated funerary objects to the
Onondaga Nation of New York may
proceed after that date if no additional
claimants come forward.
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Binghamton University is responsible
for notifying the Cayuga Nation of New
York; Delaware Tribe (part of the
Cherokee Nation, Oklahoma); Delaware
Nation, Oklahoma; Oneida Tribe of
Indians of Wisconsin; Oneida Nation of
New York; Onondaga Nation of New
York; Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, New
York; Seneca Nation of New York;
Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma;
Stockbridge Munsee Community,
Wisconsin; Tonawanda Band of Seneca
Indians of New York; and Tuscarora
Nation of New York that this notice has
been published.
Dated: May 18, 2009
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E9–14298 Filed 6–17–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–S
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS–R9–FHC–2009–N0092; 71490–1351–
0000–M2–FY09]
Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock
Assessment Report
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability of draft
revised marine mammal stock
assessment reports for the Pacific walrus
stock and two stocks of polar bears;
request for comments.
SUMMARY: In accordance with the
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (MMPA), and its
implementing regulations, we, the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (Service),
have developed draft revised marine
mammal stock assessment reports
(SARs) for the Pacific walrus (Odobenus
rosmarus divergens) stock and for each
of the two polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
stocks in Alaska: The southern Beaufort
Sea polar bear stock and the Chukchi/
Bering seas polar bear stock. These three
SARs are available for public review
and comment.
DATES: We must receive comments by
September 16, 2009.
ADDRESSES: To obtain the SARs for the
Pacific walrus or either polar bear stock,
and to submit comments, see Document
Availability and Public Comment,
respectively, under SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rosa
Meehan, Marine Mammals Management
Office, (800) 362–5148 (telephone) or
r7_mmm_comment@fws.gov (e-mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 116 / Thursday, June 18, 2009 / Notices
Background
Under the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et
seq.) and its implementing regulations
in the Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) at 50 CFR part 18, we regulate the
taking, possession, transportation,
purchasing, selling, offering for sale,
exporting, and importing of marine
mammals. One of the MMPA’s goals is
to ensure that stocks of marine
mammals occurring in waters under
U.S. jurisdiction do not experience a
level of human-caused mortality and
serious injury that is likely to cause the
stock to be reduced below its optimum
sustainable population level (OSP). OSP
is defined as ‘‘the number of animals
which will result in the maximum
productivity of the population or the
species, keeping in mind the carrying
capacity of the habitat and the health of
the ecosystem of which they form a
constituent element.’’
To help accomplish the goal of
maintaining marine mammal stocks at
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA
requires us and the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a
SAR for each marine mammal stock that
occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction.
A SAR must be based on the best
scientific information available;
therefore, we prepare it in consultation
with established regional scientific
review groups. Each SAR must include:
(1) A description of the stock and its
geographic range; (2) a minimum
population estimate, maximum net
productivity rate, and current
population trend; (3) an estimate of
human-caused mortality and serious
injury; (4) a description of commercial
fishery interactions; (5) a categorization
of the status of the stock; and (6) an
estimate of the potential biological
removal (PBR) level. The PBR is defined
as ‘‘the maximum number of animals,
not including natural mortalities, that
may be removed from a marine mammal
stock while allowing that stock to reach
or maintain its OSP.’’ The PBR is the
product of the minimum population
estimate of the stock (Nmin); one-half the
maximum theoretical or estimated net
productivity rate of the stock at a small
population size (Rmax); and a recovery
factor (Fr) of between 0.1 and 1.0, which
is intended to compensate for
uncertainty and unknown estimation
errors.
Section 117 of the MMPA also
requires us and NMFS to review the
SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that
are specified as strategic stocks, (b) at
least annually for stocks for which
significant new information is available,
28947
and (c) at least once every 3 years for all
other stocks.
A strategic stock is defined in the
MMPA as a marine mammal stock (a)
for which the level of direct humancaused mortality exceeds the PBR; (b)
which, based on the best available
scientific information, is declining and
is likely to be listed as a threatened
species under the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531
et seq.; ESA), within the foreseeable
future; or (c) which is listed as a
threatened or endangered species under
the ESA, or is designated as depleted
under the MMPA.
The following table summarizes the
information we are now making
available in the draft revised SARs for
the Pacific walrus, the southern
Beaufort Sea polar bear, and the
Chukchi/Bering Seas polar bear stocks,
listing each stock’s Nmin, Rmax, Fr, PBR,
annual estimated human-caused
mortality and serious injury, and status.
After consideration of any public
comments we receive, we will revise
any or all of these SARs, as appropriate.
We will publish a notice of availability
and summary for each final SAR,
including responses to comments we
received.
TABLE 1—SUMMARY: DRAFT REVISED STOCK ASSESSMENT REPORTS FOR THE PACIFIC WALRUS, SOUTHERN BEAUFORT
SEA POLAR BEAR, AND CHUKCHI/BERING SEAS POLAR BEAR
Stock
Nmin
Pacific Walrus .............................
Southern Beaufort Sea Polar
Bear.
Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear
Rmax
Fr
Annual estimated average human-caused
mortality and serious injury
PBR
15,164
1,397
0.08
0.0603
1.0
0.5
607
22
2,000
0.0603
0.5
30
4,963–5,460 ..................
33 (Alaska) ...................
21 (Canada) .................
37 (Alaska) ...................
—(Russia) .....................
Stock status
Strategic.
Strategic.
Strategic.
Document Availability
Public Comment
Pacific Walrus
Draft Revised SARs for Pacific Walrus,
Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear, and
Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear
Draft Revised SARs for Pacific Walrus,
Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear, and
Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear
You may obtain copies by any one of
the following methods:
• Internet: https://alaska.fws.gov/
fisheries/mmm/walrus/reports.htm (for
the walrus stock) and https://
alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/
polarbear/reports.htm (for both polar
bear stocks).
• Write to or visit (during normal
business hours from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Monday through Friday) the Chief, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine
Mammals Management Office, 1011 East
Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503;
telephone: (800) 362–3800.
You may submit a written comment
by any one of the following methods:
• E-mail:
r7_mmm_comment@fws.gov.
• Mail or hand-delivery: Chief,
Marine Mammals Management Office
(see address above).
• Fax: (907) 786–3816.
Burn, D.M., M.A. Webber, and M.S.
Udevitz. 2006. Application of airborne
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Chapskii, K.K. 1936. The walrus of the
Kara Sea. Results of an investigation of the
life history, geographical distribution, and
stock of walruses in the Kara Sea.
Transactions of the Arctic Institute 67:1–124.
Chivers, S.J. 1999. Biological indices for
monitoring population status of walrus
evaluated with an individual-based model.
Pages 239–247 In Garner, G.W., S.C.
Amstrup, J.L. Laake, B.F.J. Manly, L.L.
McDonald, and D.G. Robertson (eds.), Marine
Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods.
A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 287 pp.
DeMaster, D.P. 1984. An analysis of a
hypothetical population of walruses. Pages
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References
In accordance with the MMPA, we
include in this notice a list of the
information sources and public reports
upon which we based the SARs.
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Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 116 / Thursday, June 18, 2009 / Notices
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Executive Director, Association of
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Chukotka.
Authority: The authority for this action is
the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et al.).
Dated: June 9, 2009.
Marvin Moriarty,
Acting Director, Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. E9–14346 Filed 6–17–09; 8:45 am]
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[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 116 (Thursday, June 18, 2009)]
[Notices]
[Pages 28946-28952]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E9-14346]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS-R9-FHC-2009-N0092; 71490-1351-0000-M2-FY09]
Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability of draft revised marine mammal stock
assessment reports for the Pacific walrus stock and two stocks of polar
bears; request for comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: In accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (MMPA), and its implementing regulations, we, the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (Service), have developed draft revised marine
mammal stock assessment reports (SARs) for the Pacific walrus (Odobenus
rosmarus divergens) stock and for each of the two polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) stocks in Alaska: The southern Beaufort Sea polar bear stock
and the Chukchi/Bering seas polar bear stock. These three SARs are
available for public review and comment.
DATES: We must receive comments by September 16, 2009.
ADDRESSES: To obtain the SARs for the Pacific walrus or either polar
bear stock, and to submit comments, see Document Availability and
Public Comment, respectively, under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rosa Meehan, Marine Mammals Management
Office, (800) 362-5148 (telephone) or r7_mmm_comment@fws.gov (e-
mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
[[Page 28947]]
Background
Under the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and its implementing
regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR part 18,
we regulate the taking, possession, transportation, purchasing,
selling, offering for sale, exporting, and importing of marine mammals.
One of the MMPA's goals is to ensure that stocks of marine mammals
occurring in waters under U.S. jurisdiction do not experience a level
of human-caused mortality and serious injury that is likely to cause
the stock to be reduced below its optimum sustainable population level
(OSP). OSP is defined as ``the number of animals which will result in
the maximum productivity of the population or the species, keeping in
mind the carrying capacity of the habitat and the health of the
ecosystem of which they form a constituent element.''
To help accomplish the goal of maintaining marine mammal stocks at
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA requires us and the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a SAR for each marine mammal stock
that occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction. A SAR must be based on
the best scientific information available; therefore, we prepare it in
consultation with established regional scientific review groups. Each
SAR must include: (1) A description of the stock and its geographic
range; (2) a minimum population estimate, maximum net productivity
rate, and current population trend; (3) an estimate of human-caused
mortality and serious injury; (4) a description of commercial fishery
interactions; (5) a categorization of the status of the stock; and (6)
an estimate of the potential biological removal (PBR) level. The PBR is
defined as ``the maximum number of animals, not including natural
mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal stock while
allowing that stock to reach or maintain its OSP.'' The PBR is the
product of the minimum population estimate of the stock
(Nmin); one-half the maximum theoretical or estimated net
productivity rate of the stock at a small population size
(Rmax); and a recovery factor (Fr) of between 0.1
and 1.0, which is intended to compensate for uncertainty and unknown
estimation errors.
Section 117 of the MMPA also requires us and NMFS to review the
SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that are specified as strategic
stocks, (b) at least annually for stocks for which significant new
information is available, and (c) at least once every 3 years for all
other stocks.
A strategic stock is defined in the MMPA as a marine mammal stock
(a) for which the level of direct human-caused mortality exceeds the
PBR; (b) which, based on the best available scientific information, is
declining and is likely to be listed as a threatened species under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
ESA), within the foreseeable future; or (c) which is listed as a
threatened or endangered species under the ESA, or is designated as
depleted under the MMPA.
The following table summarizes the information we are now making
available in the draft revised SARs for the Pacific walrus, the
southern Beaufort Sea polar bear, and the Chukchi/Bering Seas polar
bear stocks, listing each stock's Nmin, Rmax,
Fr, PBR, annual estimated human-caused mortality and serious
injury, and status. After consideration of any public comments we
receive, we will revise any or all of these SARs, as appropriate. We
will publish a notice of availability and summary for each final SAR,
including responses to comments we received.
Table 1--Summary: Draft Revised Stock Assessment Reports for the Pacific Walrus, Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear, and Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual estimated average
Stock Nmin Rmax Fr PBR human-caused mortality Stock status
and serious injury
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pacific Walrus....................... 15,164 0.08 1.0 607 4,963-5,460............. Strategic.
Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear..... 1,397 0.0603 0.5 22 33 (Alaska)............. Strategic.
21 (Canada).............
Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear....... 2,000 0.0603 0.5 30 37 (Alaska)............. Strategic.
--(Russia)..............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document Availability
Draft Revised SARs for Pacific Walrus, Southern Beaufort Sea Polar
Bear, and Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear
You may obtain copies by any one of the following methods:
Internet: https://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/walrus/reports.htm (for the walrus stock) and https://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/polarbear/reports.htm (for both polar bear stocks).
Write to or visit (during normal business hours from 8
a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday) the Chief, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management Office, 1011 East Tudor
Road, Anchorage, AK 99503; telephone: (800) 362-3800.
Public Comment
Draft Revised SARs for Pacific Walrus, Southern Beaufort Sea Polar
Bear, and Chukchi/Bering Seas Polar Bear
You may submit a written comment by any one of the following
methods:
E-mail: r7_mmm_comment@fws.gov.
Mail or hand-delivery: Chief, Marine Mammals Management
Office (see address above).
Fax: (907) 786-3816.
References
In accordance with the MMPA, we include in this notice a list of
the information sources and public reports upon which we based the
SARs.
Pacific Walrus
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Chapskii, K.K. 1936. The walrus of the Kara Sea. Results of an
investigation of the life history, geographical distribution, and
stock of walruses in the Kara Sea. Transactions of the Arctic
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Chivers, S.J. 1999. Biological indices for monitoring population
status of walrus evaluated with an individual-based model. Pages
239-247 In Garner, G.W., S.C. Amstrup, J.L. Laake, B.F.J. Manly,
L.L. McDonald, and D.G. Robertson (eds.), Marine Mammal Survey and
Assessment Methods. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 287 pp.
DeMaster, D.P. 1984. An analysis of a hypothetical population of
walruses. Pages 77-80 In F.H. Fay and G.A. Fedoseev (eds.), Soviet-
American Cooperative Research on
[[Page 28948]]
Marine Mammals, vol. 1, Pinnipeds. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS 12,
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first Soviet-American joint aerial survey, autumn 1975. Pages 67-76
In F.H. Fay and G.A. Fedoseev (eds.), Soviet-American Cooperative
Research on Marine Mammals, vol. 1, Pinnipeds. NOAA Technical
Report, NMFS 12, 104 pp.
Fay, F.H. 1982. Ecology and Biology of the Pacific Walrus
(Odobenus rosmarus divergens). North American Fauna 74. U.S. Fish
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Fay, F.H., and J.J. Burns. 1988. Maximal feeding depth of
walruses. Arctic 41(3):239-240.
Fay, F.H., B.P. Kelly, P.H. Gehnrich, J.L. Sease, and A.A.
Hoover. 1984. Modern populations, migrations, demography, trophics,
and historical status of the Pacific walrus. Final Report R.U.
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Fay, F.H., B.P. Kelly, and J.L. Sease. 1989. Managing the
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Fay, F.H., J.J. Burns, S.W. Stoker, and J.S. Grundy. 1994. The
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Fay, F.H., L.L. Eberhardt, B.P. Kelly, J.J. Burns, and L.T.
Quakenbush. 1997. Status of the Pacific walrus Population, 1950-
1989. Marine Mammal Science 13(4):537-565.
Fedoseev, G.A. 1984. Present status of the population of
walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) in the eastern Arctic and Bering Sea.
Pages 73-85 In V.E. Rodin, A.S. Perlov, A.A. Berzin, G.M. Gavrilov,
A.I. Shevchenko, N.S. Fadeev, and E.B. Kucheriavenko (eds.), Marine
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Fedoseev, G.A., and V.N. Gol'tsev. 1969. Age-sex structure and
reproductive capacity of the Pacific walrus population. Zoological
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Fedoseev, G.A., and E.V. Razlivalov. 1986. The distribution and
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1985. VNIRO, Magadan Branch. Mimeo report, 7 pp.
Garlich-Miller, J., and C.V. Jay. 2000. Proceedings of a
workshop concerning walrus survey methods. USFWS R7/MMM Technical
Report 00-2, 92 pp.
Gilbert, J.R. 1986. Aerial survey of Pacific walrus in the
Chukchi Sea, 1985. Mimeo report, 43 pp.
Gilbert, J.R. 1989a. Aerial census of Pacific walruses in the
Chukchi Sea, 1985. Marine Mammal Science 5(1):17-28.
Gilbert, J.R. 1989b. Errata: Correction to the variance of
products, estimates of Pacific walrus populations. Marine Mammal
Science 5(4):411-412.
Gilbert, J.R. 1999. Review of previous Pacific walrus surveys to
develop improved survey designs. Pages 75-84 In Garner, G.W., S.C.
Amstrup, J.L. Laake, B.F.J. Manly, L.L. McDonald, and D.G. Robertson
(eds.), Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods. A. A. Balkema,
Rotterdam, 287 pp.
Gilbert, J.R., G.A. Fedoseev, D. Seagars, E. Razlivalov, and A.
LaChugin. 1992. Aerial census of Pacific walrus, 1990. USFWS R7/MMM
Technical Report 92-1, 33 pp.
Hills, S., and J.R. Gilbert. 1994. Detecting Pacific walrus
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Jay, C.V., P.M. Outridge, and J.L. Garlich-Miller. 2008.
Indication of two Pacific walrus stocks from whole tooth elemental
analysis. Polar Biology 31:933-943.
Johnson, A., J. Burns, W. Dusenberry, and R. Jones. 1982. Aerial
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Anchorage, AK. Mimeo report, 32 pp.
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coastal haulouts of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus)--response to the
climate changes. Pages 248-251, In Collection of Scientific Papers
from the Marine Mammals of the Holarctic V conference, Odessa,
Ukraine, 14-18 October 2008.
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[FR Doc. E9-14346 Filed 6-17-09; 8:45 am]
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