Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report, 28062-28066 [E9-13799]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
28062
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 112 / Friday, June 12, 2009 / Notices
New Mexico Principal Meridian, New
Mexico (NM)
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of a portion of the
subdivisional lines, portions of the
subdivision of sections, and a metes and
bounds survey in section 20, Township
17 South, Range 30 East of the New
Mexico Principal Meridian, New
Mexico, accepted April 13, 2009, for
Group 1075 NM.
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of the west and north
boundaries and subdivisional lines,
Township 14 North, Range 19 West of
the New Mexico Principal Meridian,
New Mexico, accepted March 26, 2009,
for Group 1077 NM.
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of a portion of the east and
south boundaries of the San Felipe
Pueblo Grant and the subdivision of
section 15, Township 13 North, Range 5
East of the New Mexico Principal
Meridian, New Mexico, accepted May
21, 2009, for Group 1078 NM.
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of a portion of the Second
Standard Parallel North, a portion of the
subdivisional lines and the subdivision
of sections 4 and 7, Township 8 North,
Range 9 West of the New Mexico
Principal Meridian, New Mexico,
accepted May 28, 2009, for Group 1079
NM.
The plat, in three sheets, representing
the dependent resurvey of a portion of
the south and east boundaries, a portion
of the subdivisional lines, and the metes
and bounds survey in sections 13, 25,
and 26, Township 8 North, Range 10
West of the New Mexico Principal
Meridian, New Mexico, accepted May
28, 2009, for Group 1079 NM. The
supplemental plat representing
Township 30 North, Range 11 West of
the New Mexico Principal Meridian,
New Mexico, accepted May 28, 2009.
Indian Meridian, Oklahoma (OK)
The plat, in three sheets, representing
the dependent resurvey of a portion of
the boundary line between the States of
Texas and Oklahoma, a portion of the
subdivisional lines, the partition lines,
and a portion of the adjusted 1875
meanders of the left bank of the Red
River, Townships 5 and 6 South, Range
12 West of the Indian Meridian,
Oklahoma, accepted May 8, 2009, for
Group 85 OK.
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of a portion of the
subdivisional lines, the subdivision of
sections, and the metes and bounds
survey in section 23, Township 12
North, Range 17 West of the Indian
Meridian, Oklahoma, accepted
December 9, 2008, for Group 60 OK.
VerDate Nov<24>2008
17:53 Jun 11, 2009
Jkt 217001
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of a portion of the east
boundary, the subdivisional lines, the
metes and bounds survey, and the
subdivision of section 24, Township 12
North, Range 17 West of the Indian
Meridian, Oklahoma, accepted January
8, 2009 for Group 160 OK.
The supplemental plat representing
Township 10 North, Range 23 East, of
the Indian Meridian, Oklahoma,
accepted April 29, 2009.
The supplemental plat representing
Township 7 North, Range 10 West, of
the Indian Meridian, Oklahoma,
accepted May 21, 2009.
The Sixth Principal Meridian, Kansas
(KS)
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of a portion of the east
boundary and a portion of the
subdivisional lines of section 24,
Township 4 South, Range 15 East, Sixth
Principal Meridian, Kansas, accepted
March 26, 2009, for Group 31 KS.
The plat representing the dependent
resurvey of certain center line
intersections, of certain streets, adjacent
to Block 15, and exterior lines, all
within the Townsite of Horton,
Township 4 South, Range 17 East, Sixth
Principal Meridian, Kansas, accepted
May 28, 2009, for Group 32 KS.
Texas (TX)
The plat representing the metes and
bounds survey of the as-built center
line, Brick Plant Road, sections 13, 20,
21, 22, and 23, Block 6 and sections 50,
51, and 52, Block 9, of the B. S. and F.
Survey, Potter County Texas, accepted
May 28, 2009 for Group 11 TX.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
These plats will be available for
inspection in the New Mexico State
Office, Bureau of Land Management,
P.O. Box 27115, Santa Fe, New Mexico,
87502–0115. Copies may be obtained
from this office upon payment of $1.10
per sheet. Contact Marcella Montoya at
505–438–7537, or
Marcella_Montoya@nm.blm.gov, for
assistance.
Robert A. Casias,
Chief, Branch of Cadastral Survey.
[FR Doc. E9–13845 Filed 6–11–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310–FB–P
PO 00000
Frm 00068
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS–R9–FHC–2009–N0082; 40120–1113–
4044–D2–FY09]
Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock
Assessment Report
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability of draft
revised marine mammal stock
assessment reports for two stocks of
West Indian manatee; request for
comments.
SUMMARY: In accordance with the
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (MMPA), and its
implementing regulations, we, the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (Service),
have developed a draft revised marine
mammal stock assessment report (SAR)
for each of the two West Indian manatee
stocks in the southeastern United States
and Puerto Rico: The Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris) stock
and the Puerto Rico stock of Antillean
manatee (Trichechus manatus
manatus). Both are available for public
review and comment.
DATES: We must receive comments by
September 10, 2009.
ADDRESSES: To obtain the SARs for
either or both of the West Indian
manatee subspecies, and to submit
comments, see Document Availability
and Public Comment, respectively,
under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
West Indian Manatee in Florida: Jim
Valade, (904) 731–3336 (telephone) or
northflorida@fws.gov (e-mail). West
Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico: Carlos
Diaz, (787) 851–7297 (telephone) or
Carlos_Diaz@fws.gov (e-mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Under the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et
seq.) and its implementing regulations
in the Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) at 50 CFR part 18, we regulate the
taking, possession, transportation,
purchasing, selling, offering for sale,
exporting, and importing of marine
mammals. One of the MMPA’s goals is
to ensure that stocks of marine
mammals occurring in waters under
U.S. jurisdiction do not experience a
level of human-caused mortality and
serious injury that is likely to cause the
stock to be reduced below its optimum
sustainable population level (OSP). OSP
is defined as ‘‘the number of animals
which will result in the maximum
productivity of the population or the
E:\FR\FM\12JNN1.SGM
12JNN1
28063
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 112 / Friday, June 12, 2009 / Notices
species, keeping in mind the carrying
capacity of the habitat and the health of
the ecosystem of which they form a
constituent element.’’
To help accomplish the goal of
maintaining marine mammal stocks at
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA
requires us and the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a
SAR for each marine mammal stock that
occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction.
A SAR must be based on the best
scientific information available;
therefore, we prepare it in consultation
with established regional scientific
review groups. Each SAR must include:
(1) A description of the stock and its
geographic range; (2) a minimum
population estimate, maximum net
productivity rate, and current
population trend; (3) an estimate of
human-caused mortality and serious
injury; (4) a description of commercial
fishery interactions; (5) a categorization
of the status of the stock; and (6) an
estimate of the potential biological
removal (PBR) level. The PBR is defined
as ‘‘the maximum number of animals,
not including natural mortalities, that
may be removed from a marine mammal
stock while allowing that stock to reach
or maintain its OSP.’’ The PBR is the
product of the minimum population
estimate of the stock (Nmin); one-half the
maximum theoretical or estimated net
productivity rate of the stock at a small
population size (Rmax); and a recovery
factor (Fr) of between 0.1 and 1.0, which
is intended to compensate for
uncertainty and unknown estimation
errors.
Section 117 of the MMPA also
requires us and NMFS to review the
SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that
are specified as strategic stocks, (b) at
least annually for stocks for which
significant new information is available,
and (c) at least once every 3 years for all
other stocks.
A strategic stock is defined in the
MMPA as a marine mammal stock (a)
for which the level of direct human-
caused mortality exceeds the PBR; (b)
which, based on the best available
scientific information, is declining and
is likely to be listed as a threatened
species under the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531
et seq.; ESA), within the foreseeable
future; or (c) which is listed as a
threatened or endangered species under
the ESA, or is designated as depleted
under the MMPA.
The following table summarizes the
information we are now making
available in the draft revised SARs for
the Florida and Puerto Rico stocks of the
West Indian manatee, listing each
stock’s Nmin, Rmax, Fr, PBR, annual
estimated human-caused mortality and
serious injury, and status. After
consideration of any public comments
we receive, we will revise the SARs for
one or both subspecies, as appropriate.
We will publish a notice of availability
and summary of the final SARs,
including responses to comments we
receive.
TABLE 1—SUMMARY: DRAFT REVISED STOCK ASSESSMENT REPORTS, WEST INDIAN MANATEE
West Indian Manatee Stocks:
Nmin
Florida .........................................................................................................
Puerto Rico .................................................................................................
3,807
72
Rmax
0.06
0.04
Document Availability
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian
Manatee in Florida
You may submit a written comment
by any one of the following methods:
• E-mail: northflorida@fws.gov.
• Mail or hand-delivery: Field
Supervisor, Jacksonville Field Office
(see address above).
• Fax: (904) 731–3045.
You may obtain a copy by any one of
the following methods:
• Internet: https://www.fws.gov/
northflorida.
• Write to or visit (during normal
business hours) the Field Supervisor,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Jacksonville Field Office, 7915
Baymeadows Way, Suite 200,
Jacksonville, FL 32256–7517; telephone:
(904) 731–3336.
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian
Manatee in Puerto Rico
You may obtain a copy by any one of
the following methods:
• Internet: https://www.fws.gov/
caribbean/es/EndangeredAnimals.html.
• Write to or visit (during normal
business hours) the Field Supervisor,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Caribbean Field Office, Carr 301, KM
5.1, BQ Corozo, or P.O Box 491,
Boqueron, PR 00622; telephone: (787)
851–7297.
VerDate Nov<24>2008
17:53 Jun 11, 2009
Jkt 217001
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian
Manatee in Puerto Rico
You may submit a written comment
by any one of the following methods:
• E-mail: Carlos_Diaz@fws.gov.
• Mail or hand-delivery: Field
Supervisor, Caribbean Field Office (see
address above).
• Fax: (787) 851–7440.
References
In accordance with the MMPA, we include
in this notice a list of the information sources
and public reports upon which we based the
SARs.
Florida Manatee Stock:
Ackerman, B.B., S.D. Wright, R.K. Bonde,
D.K. Odell, and D.J. Banowetz. 1995.
Trends and patterns in mortality of
PO 00000
Frm 00069
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
PBR
0.1
0.1
Public Comment
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian
Manatee in Florida
Fr
Annual estimated
average humancaused mortality
and serious injury
(5-year average)
12
0
87
2
Stock status
Strategic
Strategic
manatees in Florida, 1974–1992. Pages
223–258 in T.J. O’Shea, B.B. Ackerman,
and H.F. Percival, editors. Population
Biology of the Florida Manatee. National
Biological Service, Information and
Technology Report No. 1. Washington, DC.
Beck, C.A. 2007a. USGS FISC Sirenia Project.
Personal communication to Jim Valade,
USFWS. Unpublished Manatee Individual
Photo-Identification System (MIPS) data,
number of manatees with entanglementrelated scars, 1974 to 2007. Available from:
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Beck, C.A. 2007b. USGS FISC Sirenia Project.
Personal communication to Dawn
Jennings, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee
Individual Photo-Identification System
(MIPS) data, records of identifiable
manatees moving between management
units, 1974 to 2007. Available from:
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Beck, C.A. and N.B. Barros. 1991. The impact
of debris on the Florida manatee. Marine
Pollution Bulletin 22:508–510.
Beck, C.A. and L.W. Lefebvre. 1995. Are
female manatees more vulnerable to
entanglement in crab trap lines? Abstract.
Eleventh Biennial Conference on the
Biology of Marine Mammals, Orlando, FL.
December 14–18, 1995.
Bonde, R.K., T.J. O’Shea, and C.A. Beck.
1983. Manual of procedures for the salvage
E:\FR\FM\12JNN1.SGM
12JNN1
28064
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 112 / Friday, June 12, 2009 / Notices
and necropsy of carcasses of the West
Indian manatee Trichechus manatus. NTIS
PB83–255273. Springfield, VA. 175 pp.
Bowles, A.E., T. Yack, C. Alves, R. Anderson
and N.M. Adimey. 2003. Experimental
studies of manatee entanglement in crab
traps. Abstract. Fifteenth Biennial
Conference on the Biology of Marine
Mammals, Greensboro, NC. December 14–
19, 2003.
Bowles, A.E. 2000. Manatee behaviors in the
presence of fishing gear: response to
novelty and the potential for reducing gear
interactions. Hubbs-Sea World Research
Institute, San Diego, CA. Annual report to
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 16+ pp.
Brooks, W.B. 1999. Manatees, monofilament,
crab traps and management. Abstract.
Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the
Biology of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui,
HI. November 28 to December 3, 1999.
Buergelt, C.D., R.K. Bonde, C.A. Beck, and
T.J. O’Shea. 1984. Pathologic findings in
manatees in Florida. Journal of the
American Veterinary Medicine Association
11:1331–1334.
Craig, B.A. and J.E. Reynolds, III. 2004.
Determination of manatee population
trends along the Atlantic coast of Florida
using a Bayesian approach with
temperature-adjusted aerial survey data.
Marine Mammal Science 20(3):386–400.
Deutsch, C.J., B.B. Ackerman, T.D. Pitchford,
and S.A. Rommel. 2002. Trends in manatee
mortality in Florida. Abstract. Manatee
Population Ecology and Management
Workshop, Gainesville, FL. April 1–4,
2002.
Deutsch, C.J., R.K. Bonde, and J.P. Reid.
1998. Radio-tracking manatees from land
and space: tag design, implementation, and
lessons learned from long-term study.
Marine Technology Society Journal
32(1):18–29.
Deutsch, C.J., J.P. Reid, R.K. Bonde, D.E.
Easton, H.I. Kochman, and T.J. O’Shea.
2003. Seasonal movements, migratory
behavior and site fidelity of West Indian
manatees along the Atlantic Coast of the
United States. Wildlife Monographs 151:1–
77.
Fertl, D., A.J. Schiro, G.T. Regan, C.A. Beck,
N.M. Adimey, L. Price-May, A. Amos,
G.A.J. Worthy and R. Crossland. 2005.
Manatee occurrence in the Northern Gulf
of Mexico, west of Florida. Gulf and
Caribbean Research 17:69–74.
FWC. 2009. ‘‘Blue crab closed seasons
approved to aid cleanups.’’ News release,
dated February 5, 2009. 1 p.
FWC FWRI. 2009. Manatee Synoptic Surveys.
St. Petersburg, FL, USA. Accessed March
15, 2009. Available from https://
www.floridamarine.org/features/
view_article.asp?id=15246.
FWC FWRI. 2007. Blue crab, Callinectes
sapidus: species account for blue crab in
Florida. BLUE CRAB, unpublished report.
8 pp.
FWC FWRI. 2008. Manatee Mortality
Statistics. St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
Accessed September 22, 2008. Available
from https://www.floridamarine.org/
features/category_sub.asp?id=2241.
Fonnesbeck, C.J, and Runge, M.C. 2007.
Estimating the relative contribution of
VerDate Nov<24>2008
17:53 Jun 11, 2009
Jkt 217001
anthropogenic causes of death to Florida
manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
mortality using Bayesian hierarchical
modeling. Marine Mammal Science (In
review).
Forrester, D.J., F.H. White, J.C. Woodard, and
N.P. Thompson. 1975. Intussusception in a
Florida manatee. Journal of Wildlife
Diseases 11:566–569.
Hare, M.P. and J.G. Mead. 1987. Handbook
for the determination of adverse humanmarine mammal interactions from
necropsies. Marine Mammal Program,
National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.
NWAFC Process Report 87–06. 35 pp.
Hartley, W.C. 2006. FDEP Blue Springs State
Park. Personal communication to Dawn
Jennings, USFWS. Communication re:
Highest winter count of manatees observed
at Blue Springs State Park during the 2006–
2007 winter season. Available from:
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Hartman, D.S. 1979. Ecology and behavior of
the manatee (Trichechus manatus) in
Florida. American Society of
Mammalogists Special Publication No. 5.
153 pp.
Higgs, K. 2007a. FWC Fish and Wildlife
Research Institute. Personal
communication to Jim Valade, USFWS.
Unpublished Manatee Individual Photoidentification System (MIPS) data, number
of manatees with entanglement-related
scars, 1974 to 2007. Available from:
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Higgs, K. 2007b. FWC Fish and Wildlife
Research Institute. Personal
communication to Dawn Jennings, USFWS.
Unpublished Manatee Individual Photoidentification System (MIPS) data, records
of identifiable manatees moving between
management units, 1974 to 2007. Available
from: USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Kellogg, M.E. 2008. Sirenian conservation
genetics and Florida manatee (Trichechus
manatus latirostris) cytogenetics. Doctoral
dissertation, University of Florida,
Gainesville.
Kendall, W.L., C.A. Langtimm, C.A. Beck,
and M.C. Runge. 2004. Capture-recapture
analysis for estimating manatee
reproductive rates. Marine Mammal
Science 20(3):424–437.
Kleen, J.M. 2006. USFWS Crystal River
National Wildlife Refuge. Personal
communication to Dawn Jennings, USFWS.
Communication re: highest winter count of
manatees observed in Kings Bay and
Crystal River, Citrus County, FL. Available
from: USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Koelsch, J.K., N.M. Adimey, and A.E. Bowles.
2003. Effects of the blue crab fishery on
marine wildlife in Florida waters: Impacts
and mitigation efforts. Abstract. Fifteenth
Biennial Conference on the Biology of
Marine Mammals, Greensboro, NC.
December 14–19, 2003.
Koelsch, J.K. 2001. Reproduction in female
manatees observed in Sarasota Bay,
Florida. Marine Mammal Science
17(2):331–342.
PO 00000
Frm 00070
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
Langtimm, C.A., C.A Beck, H.H. Edwards,
B.B. Ackerman, K.J. Fick-Child, S.L.
Barton, and W.C. Hartley. 2004. Survival
estimates for Florida manatees from the
photo-identification of individuals. Marine
Mammal Science 20(3):438–463.
Lefebvre, L.W., M. Marmontel, J.P. Reid, G.B.
Rathbun, and D.P. Domning. 2001. Status
and biogeography of the West Indian
manatee. Pages 425–474 in C.A. Woods
and F.E. Sergile, editors. Biogeography of
the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 582 pp.
Lightsey, J.D., S.A. Rommel, A.M. Costidis,
and T.D. Pitchford. 2006. Methods used
during gross necropsy to determine
watercraft-related mortality in the Florida
manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
37(3):262–275.
NMFS. 2005. Revisions to guidelines for
assessing marine mammal stocks. Seattle,
WA, USA. Accessed September 22, 2008.
Available from: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/
pr/pdfs/sars/gamms2005.pdf.
Nill, E.K. 1998. The Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris)
entanglement report 1998. Final report to
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 23 pp.
O’Shea, T.J., C.A. Beck, R.K. Bonde, H.I.
Kochman, and D.K. Odell. 1985. An
analysis of manatee mortality patterns in
Florida 1976–1981. Journal of Wildlife
Management 49(1):1–11.
Pitchford, T.D., S.A. Rommel, and M.E.
Pitchford. 2005. Characterizing and
interpreting watercraft-related wounds in
Florida manatees: a retrospective analysis
of Florida manatee mortality data for
evidence of deaths attributable to (very)
large vessels, 1990—1999. Final report to
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Order
No 401810M446. 60 pp.
Rathbun, G.B., R.K. Bonde, and D. Clay.
1982. The status of the West Indian
manatee on the Atlantic Coast north of
Florida. Pages 152–164 in R.R.Odum and
J.W. Guthrie, editors. Proceedings:
Symposium on Non-game and Endangered
Wildlife. Technical Bulletin WL5. Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, Game
and Fish Division, Social Circle, GA.
Rathbun, G.B., J.P. Reid, and G. Carowan.
1990. Distribution and movement patterns
of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in
Northwestern peninsular Florida. Florida
Marine Research Institute Publication No
48. 33 pp.
Read, A.J. and K.T. Murray. 2000. Gross
evidence of human-induced mortality in
small cetaceans. NOAA Technical
Memorandum NMFS–OPR–15. 21 pp.
Reid, J.P., G.B. Rathbun, and J.R. Wilcox.
1991. Distribution patterns of individually
identifiable West Indian manatees
(Trichechus manatus) in Florida. Marine
Mammal Science 7(2):180–190.
Rommel, S.A., A.M. Costidis, T.D. Pitchford,
J.D. Lightsey, R.H. Snyder, and E.M.
Haubold. 2007. Forensic methods for
characterizing watercraft from watercraftinduced wounds on the Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris). Marine
Mammal Science 23(1):110–132.
Runge M.C., C.A. Langtimm, and W.L.
Kendall. 2004. A stage-based model of
E:\FR\FM\12JNN1.SGM
12JNN1
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 112 / Friday, June 12, 2009 / Notices
manatee population dynamics. Marine
Mammal Science 20(3):361–385.
Runge M.C., C.A. Sanders-Reed, and C.J.
Fonnesbeck. 2007a. A core stochastic
population projection model for Florida
manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2007–1082. 41 pp.
Runge M.C., C.A. Sanders-Reed, C.A.
Langtimm, and C.J. Fonnesbeck. 2007b. A
quantitative threats analysis for the Florida
manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Final report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Jacksonville, FL.
Intergovernmental Contract No. 40181–5–
N012 (March 2007). U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 2007–1086. 34 pp.
Schwartz, F.J. 1995. Florida manatees,
Trichechus manatus (Sirenia:
Trichechidae), in North Carolina 1919–
1994. Brimleyana 22:53–60.
Smith, K.N. 1998. Summary of manatee
fatalities associated with fishing practices
or gear, 1974–1997. Unpublished report,
Florida Department of Environmental
Protection. 6 pp.
Smith, K.N. 1997. Summary of manatee
fatalities associated with fishing practices
or gear, 1974–1996. In: Resource
Management Notes, Florida Department of
Environmental Protection, Spring 1997,
9(1): 9—10.
Spellman, A.C., J.K. Koelsch, N.M. Adimey
and L. Souto. 2003. Response to a clear and
present danger. Abstract. Fifteenth
Biennial Conference on the Biology of
Marine Mammals, Greensboro, NC.
December 14–19, 2003.
Spellman, A.C. 1999. Manatee entanglements
in fishing gear and debris. Abstract.
Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the
Biology of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui,
HA. November 28 to December 3, 1999.
Stith, B.M., D.H. Slone, and J.P. Reid. 2006.
Review and synthesis of manatee data in
Everglades National Park. Final Report for
USGS/ENP Agreement # IA F5297–04–
0119, November 2006. 110 pp.
Taylor, B.L., M. Scott, J.E. Heyning, and J.
Barlow. 2003. Suggested guidelines for
recovery factors for endangered marine
mammals. NOAA Technical Memorandum
NOAA–TM–NMFS–SWFSC–354. 9 pp.
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office. 2008a.
Unpublished data (manatee sighting
reports of manatees sighted outside of
Florida). Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL
32256.
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office. 2008b.
Unpublished data from the Manatee
Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Release
Program database, 1974–2008, manatee
rescues related to entanglements in and
ingestion of marine debris. Available from:
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office. 2008c.
Unpublished data (miscellaneous
correspondence and notes regarding
manatee entanglements in and ingestion of
marine debris). Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL
32256.
USFWS. 2007. 5-Year Review: Summary and
Evaluation for the West Indian Manatee.
VerDate Nov<24>2008
17:53 Jun 11, 2009
Jkt 217001
Unpublished report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Jacksonville Field Office.
Jacksonville, FL. 79 pp.
USFWS. 2001. Florida manatee (Trichechus
manatus latirostris) recovery plan, third
revision. USFWS. Atlanta, GA. 144 pp +
appendices.
USGS FISC Sirenia Project. 2007.
Unpublished Manatee Individual Photoidentification System (MIPS) data, number
of manatees with entanglement-related
scars. Available from: USFWS Jacksonville
Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Valade, J.A., G.D. Bossart, K. Frohlich, L.W.
Lefebvre, A.A. Mignucci-Giannoni, D.
Murphy, J. Pearson, and J.A. Powell. 1999.
The manatee rescue, rehabilitation, and
release program: an overview. Abstract.
Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the
Biology of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui,
HA. November 28 to December 3, 1999.
Vianna, J.A., R.K. Bonde, S. Caballero, J.P.
Giraldo, R.P. Lima, A. Clark, M.
Marmontel, B. Morales-Vela, M.J. de Sousa,
L. Parr, M.A. Rodriguez-Lopez, A.A.
Mignucci-Giannonni, J .A. Powell, and F.R.
Santos. 2006. Phylogeography, phylogeny,
and hybridization in trichechid sirenians:
implications for manatee conservation.
Molecular Ecology 15:433–447.
Walsh, M.T. and G.D. Bossart. 1999. Manatee
medicine. In: Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,
Fowler, M.E. and Miller, R.E. eds., W.B.
Saunders, Philadelphia, 507 516.
Weigle, B.L., I.E. Wright, M. Ross, and R.O.
Flamm. 2001. Movements of radio-tagged
manatees in Tampa Bay and along
Florida’s west coast, 1991–1996. Florida
Marine Research Institute Technical Report
TR–7. 156 pp.
Wright, S.D., B.B. Ackerman, R.K. Bonde,
C.A. Beck and D.J. Banowetz. 1995.
Analysis of watercraft-related mortality of
manatees in Florida, 1979–1991. Pages
259–268 in T.J. O’Shea, B.B. Ackerman,
and H.F. Percival, editors. Population
Biology of the Florida Manatee. National
Biological Service, Information and
Technology Report No. 1. Washington DC.
Puerto Rico Manatee Stock:
Barrett, O.W. 1935. Notes concerning
manatees and dugongs. J. Mammalogy
16:216–220.
Caribbean Stranding Network. 1988.
Unpublished Data.
Department of Natural and Environmental
Resources. 2004. Reglamento de Pesca de
Puerto Rico. 36 pp.
Department of Natural and Environmental
Resources. 2009. Manatee Stranding
Reports May 2006 through November 2008.
Unpublished Data.
Deutsch, C.J., Self-Sullivan, C. and MignucciGiannoni, A. 2007. Trichechus manatus
ssp. manatus. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species 5pp
Domning, D.P. and L.C. Hayek. 1986.
Interspecific and intraspecific
morphological variation in manatees
(Sirenia: Trichechus). Marine Mammal Sci.
2:87–144.
Erdman, D. S. 1970. Marine mammals from
Puerto Rico to Antigua. J. Mamm. 51:636–
639.
manatus) in Puerto Rico: 1988–1989. NTIS
PB91–137240. Springfield, VA. 43 pp.
PO 00000
Frm 00071
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
28065
Evermann, B.W. 1900. General Report on the
Investigations in Puerto Rico of the U.S.
Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in
1989. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 20: 3–302.
´
´
Garcıa-Rodrıguez, A.I., Bowen, B.W.,
Domning, D., Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A.,
Marmotel, M., Montoya-Ospina, R.A.,
Morales-Vela, B., Ruding, M., Bonde, R.K.,
and P.M. McGuire. 1998. Phylogeography
of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus
manatus): how many populations and how
many taxa? Molecular Ecology 7: 1137–
1149.
Hatt, R. 1934. A manatee collected by the
American Museum Congo Expedition, with
observations of recent manatees. Bulletin of
the American Museum of Natural History
66: 533–566.
Lefebvre, L.W., M. Marmontel, J.P. Reid, G.B.
Rathbun, and D.P. Domning. 2001. Status
and biogeography of the West Indian
manatee. Pages 425–474 in C.A. Woods
and F.E. Sergile, editors. Biogeography of
the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 582 pp.
Lefebvre, L.W., T.J. O’Shea, G.B. Rathbun and
R.C. Best. 1989. Distribution, status, and
biogeography of the West Indian manatee.
Biogeography of the West Indies, 1989:
567–610.
Magor, D.M. 1979. Survey of the Caribbean
manatee (Trichechus manatus, L.) on
Vieques Island, Puerto Rico. 9 p +
appendices. Report to the Navy.
Matos-Caraballo, D. 2004. Comprehensive
Census of Marine Fisheries of Puerto Rico.
2002. Final Report to NOAA. Department
of Natural and Environmental Resources.
p. 51–85.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A. 1989.
Zoogeography of marine mammals in
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Unpublished master’s thesis, The
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., B. PintoRodriguez, R.A. Montoya-Ospina, D.P.
Moore, and E.H. Williams. 1993. Stranding
and mortality assessment of marine
mammals in Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands. Presented at the Tenth Biennial
Conference on the Biology of Marine
Mammals, Galveston, TX, 11–16
November.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., M.M. Alsina
Guerrero, V.M. Rosado, G.M. Toyos, and
R.J. Rosario. 2003. Ecomap: Southwest
Puerto Rico Endangered Marine Wildlife
Conservation Project. Caribbean Stranding
Network Report to EcoElectrica. 16 pp.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., M.M. Alsina
Guerrero, G.M. Toyos, and R.J. Rosario.
2004. Aerial Surveys for marine mammals
and sea turtles off the southeast coast of
Puerto Rico. Caribbean Stranding Network
Report to EcoElectrica. 16 pp.
Mignucci Giannoni, A.A. 2006. West Indian
manatee (Trichechus manatus) mortality
analysis for Puerto Rico: 1990–2005.
Caribbean Stranding Network.
Unpublished Report.
NMFS. 2005. Revisions to Guidelines for
Assessing Marine Mammal Stocks. Seattle,
WA, USA. 24 pp. Available at: https://
www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/sars/
gamms2005.pdf.
NOAA. 2004. Final Environmental Impact
Statement for the Generic Essential Fish
E:\FR\FM\12JNN1.SGM
12JNN1
28066
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 112 / Friday, June 12, 2009 / Notices
Habitats for the U.S. Caribbean Fisheries
Management Plans.
Powell. J.A., D.W. Belitsky, and G.B.
Rathbun. 1981. Status of the West Indian
manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Puerto
Rico. J. Mamm. 62: 642–646.
Rathbun, G.B., Carr, N., Carr, T., and C.A.
Woods. 1985. The distribution of manatees
and sea turtles in Puerto Rico, with
emphasis on Roosevelt Roads Naval
Station. NTIS PB 85–151847 AS.
Springfield, VA. 83 pp.
Ray, C.E. 1960. The Manatee in the Lesser
Antilles. J. Mammal. 41: 412–413.
Rice, S.M. 1990. Aerial Survey of West
Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus.
Unpub. Report. 19 pp.
Shoshani, J. 2005. Order Sirenia, pp. 92–93,
in Mammal Species of the World: A
taxonomic and geographic reference (D.E.
Wilson and D.M. Reeder, eds.). John
Hopkins University Press. 3rd. Edition
(2142 pp.)
Teresa Tallevast. 2006. Culebra NWR Refuge
Manager. Personal Communication.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986.
Recovery plan for the Puerto Rico
population of the West Indian manatee
(Trichechus manatus manatus L.).
Prepared by: G.B. Rathbun and E. Possardt
for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Atlanta, GA. 28 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007. West
Indian Manatee. 5-year review: Summary
and Evaluation. Jacksonville Ecological
Services Office, Florida; Caribbean Field
Office, Puerto Rico. 79 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007.
Unpublished Data.
Vianna, J.A., R.K, Bonde, J.P Caballero, J.P.
Giraldo, R.P. Lima, A. Clark, M. Marmotel,
B. Morales-Vela, M. J.de Sousa, L. Parr,
´
M.A. Rodrıguez-Lopez, A.A MignucciGiannoni, J.A. Powell, and F.R. Santos.
2006. Phyllogeography, phylogeny, and
hybridization in trichechid sirenians:
implications for manatee conservation.
Molecular Ecology 15: 433–447.
SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Federal Land
Policy and Management Act and the
Federal Advisory Committee Act, the
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Land Management (BLM) John DaySnake Resource Advisory Council
(JDSRAC) will meet as indicated below:
DATES: The meeting will begin at 7 p.m.
(Pacific Daylight Time) on June 30,
2009.
The JDSRAC will meet by
teleconference. For a copy of material to
be discussed or the conference call
number, please contact the BLM Vale
District; information below.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mark Wilkening, Public Affairs Officer,
BLM Vale District Office, 100 Oregon
Street, Vale, Oregon 97918, (541) 473–
6218.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
JDSRAC will conduct a public meeting
by teleconference to discuss and come
to consensus on contents of a letter to
be sent to the Oregon/Washington BLM
State Director on the Draft
Environmental Impact Statement for
Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides
on BLM Lands in Oregon. The
conference call meeting is open for the
public to access by telephone. Public
comment is scheduled from 7:45 to 8
p.m. (Pacific Daylight Time) June 30,
2009. For a copy of the information
distributed to the JDSRAC members
please contact Mark Wilkening.
ADDRESSES:
Dated: June 2, 2009.
Michael L. Morcom,
Acting District Manager, Vale District Office.
[FR Doc. E9–13847 Filed 6–11–09; 8:45 am]
The authority for this action is the
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et al.).
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Dated: June 3, 2009.
Marvin Moriarty,
Acting Director, Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. E9–13799 Filed 6–11–09; 8:45 am]
[CO200–LLCOF02000–L07770900–XZ0000–
241A00]
Bureau of Land Management
[LLORV00000–L10200000.DD0000; HAG 9–
0205]
Notice of Meeting, John Day/Snake
Advisory Council
AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of public meeting.
VerDate Nov<24>2008
17:53 Jun 11, 2009
Jkt 217001
BILLING CODE 4310–JB–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Land Management
[CO–921–07–1320–EL; COC–70615]
Notice of Meeting, Front Range
Resource Advisory Council (Colorado)
AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of public meeting.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Dated: June 5, 2009.
Roy L. Masinton,
Field Manager, Royal Gorge Field Office.
[FR Doc. E9–13858 Filed 6–11–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310–33–P
Authority
BILLING CODE 4310–55–P
ADDRESSES: BLM Royal Gorge Field
Office, 3028 East Main Street, Canon
City, Colorado 81212.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cass
Cairns, (719) 269–8553.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The 15
member Council advises the Secretary
of the Interior, through the Bureau of
Land Management, on a variety of
planning and management issues
associated with public land
management in the Royal Gorge Field
Office and San Luis Valley, Colorado.
Planned agenda topics include: Manager
updates on current land management
issues, Paleontology Resources
Preservation Act of 2009, and Over The
RiverTM project proposal discussion.
All meetings are open to the public.
The public is encouraged to make oral
comments to the Council at 10 a.m. or
written statements may be submitted for
the Council’s consideration. Depending
on the number of persons wishing to
comment and time available, the time
for individual oral comments may be
limited. Summary minutes for the
Council Meeting will be maintained in
the Royal Gorge Field Office and will be
available for public inspection and
reproduction during regular business
hours within thirty (30) days following
the meeting. Meeting minutes and
agenda (10 days prior to each meeting)
are also available at: https://
www.blm.gov/rac/co/frrac/co_fr.htm.
SUMMARY: In accordance with the
Federal Land Policy and Management
Act (FLPMA) and the Federal Advisory
Committee Act of 1972 (FACA), the U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Land Management (BLM) Front Range
Resource Advisory Council (RAC), will
meet as indicated below.
DATES: The meeting will be held July 15,
2009 from 9:15 a.m. to 4 p.m.
PO 00000
Frm 00072
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
Notice of Public Meeting, To Receive
for Comments on an Environmental
Analysis, Finding of No Significant
Impact, Maximum Economic Recovery
Report, and Fair Market Value for Coal
Lease Application COC–70615
AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of correction.
SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land
Management published a Notice of
Federal Competitive Coal Lease Sale
Offer in the Federal Register on May 28,
2009 [74 FR 101]. The Legal Description
should read as follows:
T. 13 S., R. 90 W., 6th P.M., Sections 3, 4,
5, more particularly described as follows:
E:\FR\FM\12JNN1.SGM
12JNN1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 112 (Friday, June 12, 2009)]
[Notices]
[Pages 28062-28066]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E9-13799]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS-R9-FHC-2009-N0082; 40120-1113-4044-D2-FY09]
Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability of draft revised marine mammal stock
assessment reports for two stocks of West Indian manatee; request for
comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: In accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended (MMPA), and its implementing regulations, we, the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (Service), have developed a draft revised marine
mammal stock assessment report (SAR) for each of the two West Indian
manatee stocks in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico: The
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) stock and the Puerto
Rico stock of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). Both are
available for public review and comment.
DATES: We must receive comments by September 10, 2009.
ADDRESSES: To obtain the SARs for either or both of the West Indian
manatee subspecies, and to submit comments, see Document Availability
and Public Comment, respectively, under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: West Indian Manatee in Florida: Jim
Valade, (904) 731-3336 (telephone) or northflorida@fws.gov (e-mail).
West Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico: Carlos Diaz, (787) 851-7297
(telephone) or Carlos_Diaz@fws.gov (e-mail).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Under the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and its implementing
regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR part 18,
we regulate the taking, possession, transportation, purchasing,
selling, offering for sale, exporting, and importing of marine mammals.
One of the MMPA's goals is to ensure that stocks of marine mammals
occurring in waters under U.S. jurisdiction do not experience a level
of human-caused mortality and serious injury that is likely to cause
the stock to be reduced below its optimum sustainable population level
(OSP). OSP is defined as ``the number of animals which will result in
the maximum productivity of the population or the
[[Page 28063]]
species, keeping in mind the carrying capacity of the habitat and the
health of the ecosystem of which they form a constituent element.''
To help accomplish the goal of maintaining marine mammal stocks at
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA requires us and the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a SAR for each marine mammal stock
that occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction. A SAR must be based on
the best scientific information available; therefore, we prepare it in
consultation with established regional scientific review groups. Each
SAR must include: (1) A description of the stock and its geographic
range; (2) a minimum population estimate, maximum net productivity
rate, and current population trend; (3) an estimate of human-caused
mortality and serious injury; (4) a description of commercial fishery
interactions; (5) a categorization of the status of the stock; and (6)
an estimate of the potential biological removal (PBR) level. The PBR is
defined as ``the maximum number of animals, not including natural
mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal stock while
allowing that stock to reach or maintain its OSP.'' The PBR is the
product of the minimum population estimate of the stock
(Nmin); one-half the maximum theoretical or estimated net
productivity rate of the stock at a small population size
(Rmax); and a recovery factor (Fr) of between 0.1
and 1.0, which is intended to compensate for uncertainty and unknown
estimation errors.
Section 117 of the MMPA also requires us and NMFS to review the
SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that are specified as strategic
stocks, (b) at least annually for stocks for which significant new
information is available, and (c) at least once every 3 years for all
other stocks.
A strategic stock is defined in the MMPA as a marine mammal stock
(a) for which the level of direct human-caused mortality exceeds the
PBR; (b) which, based on the best available scientific information, is
declining and is likely to be listed as a threatened species under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
ESA), within the foreseeable future; or (c) which is listed as a
threatened or endangered species under the ESA, or is designated as
depleted under the MMPA.
The following table summarizes the information we are now making
available in the draft revised SARs for the Florida and Puerto Rico
stocks of the West Indian manatee, listing each stock's
Nmin, Rmax, Fr, PBR, annual estimated
human-caused mortality and serious injury, and status. After
consideration of any public comments we receive, we will revise the
SARs for one or both subspecies, as appropriate. We will publish a
notice of availability and summary of the final SARs, including
responses to comments we receive.
Table 1--Summary: Draft Revised Stock Assessment Reports, West Indian Manatee
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual estimated
average human-
West Indian Manatee Stocks: Nmin Rmax Fr PBR caused mortality Stock status
and serious injury
(5-year average)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Florida............................ 3,807 0.06 0.1 12 87 Strategic
Puerto Rico........................ 72 0.04 0.1 0 2 Strategic
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document Availability
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Florida
You may obtain a copy by any one of the following methods:
Internet: https://www.fws.gov/northflorida.
Write to or visit (during normal business hours) the Field
Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jacksonville Field Office,
7915 Baymeadows Way, Suite 200, Jacksonville, FL 32256-7517; telephone:
(904) 731-3336.
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico
You may obtain a copy by any one of the following methods:
Internet: https://www.fws.gov/caribbean/es/Endangered-Animals.html.
Write to or visit (during normal business hours) the Field
Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Caribbean Field Office,
Carr 301, KM 5.1, BQ Corozo, or P.O Box 491, Boqueron, PR 00622;
telephone: (787) 851-7297.
Public Comment
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Florida
You may submit a written comment by any one of the following
methods:
E-mail: northflorida@fws.gov.
Mail or hand-delivery: Field Supervisor, Jacksonville
Field Office (see address above).
Fax: (904) 731-3045.
Draft Revised SAR for West Indian Manatee in Puerto Rico
You may submit a written comment by any one of the following
methods:
E-mail: Carlos_Diaz@fws.gov.
Mail or hand-delivery: Field Supervisor, Caribbean Field
Office (see address above).
Fax: (787) 851-7440.
References
In accordance with the MMPA, we include in this notice a list of
the information sources and public reports upon which we based the
SARs.
Florida Manatee Stock:
Ackerman, B.B., S.D. Wright, R.K. Bonde, D.K. Odell, and D.J.
Banowetz. 1995. Trends and patterns in mortality of manatees in
Florida, 1974-1992. Pages 223-258 in T.J. O'Shea, B.B. Ackerman, and
H.F. Percival, editors. Population Biology of the Florida Manatee.
National Biological Service, Information and Technology Report No.
1. Washington, DC.
Beck, C.A. 2007a. USGS FISC Sirenia Project. Personal communication
to Jim Valade, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee Individual Photo-
Identification System (MIPS) data, number of manatees with
entanglement-related scars, 1974 to 2007. Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Beck, C.A. 2007b. USGS FISC Sirenia Project. Personal communication
to Dawn Jennings, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee Individual Photo-
Identification System (MIPS) data, records of identifiable manatees
moving between management units, 1974 to 2007. Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Beck, C.A. and N.B. Barros. 1991. The impact of debris on the
Florida manatee. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22:508-510.
Beck, C.A. and L.W. Lefebvre. 1995. Are female manatees more
vulnerable to entanglement in crab trap lines? Abstract. Eleventh
Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Orlando, FL.
December 14-18, 1995.
Bonde, R.K., T.J. O'Shea, and C.A. Beck. 1983. Manual of procedures
for the salvage
[[Page 28064]]
and necropsy of carcasses of the West Indian manatee Trichechus
manatus. NTIS PB83-255273. Springfield, VA. 175 pp.
Bowles, A.E., T. Yack, C. Alves, R. Anderson and N.M. Adimey. 2003.
Experimental studies of manatee entanglement in crab traps.
Abstract. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine
Mammals, Greensboro, NC. December 14-19, 2003.
Bowles, A.E. 2000. Manatee behaviors in the presence of fishing
gear: response to novelty and the potential for reducing gear
interactions. Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, CA.
Annual report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 16+ pp.
Brooks, W.B. 1999. Manatees, monofilament, crab traps and
management. Abstract. Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology
of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui, HI. November 28 to December 3,
1999.
Buergelt, C.D., R.K. Bonde, C.A. Beck, and T.J. O'Shea. 1984.
Pathologic findings in manatees in Florida. Journal of the American
Veterinary Medicine Association 11:1331-1334.
Craig, B.A. and J.E. Reynolds, III. 2004. Determination of manatee
population trends along the Atlantic coast of Florida using a
Bayesian approach with temperature-adjusted aerial survey data.
Marine Mammal Science 20(3):386-400.
Deutsch, C.J., B.B. Ackerman, T.D. Pitchford, and S.A. Rommel. 2002.
Trends in manatee mortality in Florida. Abstract. Manatee Population
Ecology and Management Workshop, Gainesville, FL. April 1-4, 2002.
Deutsch, C.J., R.K. Bonde, and J.P. Reid. 1998. Radio-tracking
manatees from land and space: tag design, implementation, and
lessons learned from long-term study. Marine Technology Society
Journal 32(1):18-29.
Deutsch, C.J., J.P. Reid, R.K. Bonde, D.E. Easton, H.I. Kochman, and
T.J. O'Shea. 2003. Seasonal movements, migratory behavior and site
fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic Coast of the
United States. Wildlife Monographs 151:1-77.
Fertl, D., A.J. Schiro, G.T. Regan, C.A. Beck, N.M. Adimey, L.
Price-May, A. Amos, G.A.J. Worthy and R. Crossland. 2005. Manatee
occurrence in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida. Gulf and
Caribbean Research 17:69-74.
FWC. 2009. ``Blue crab closed seasons approved to aid cleanups.''
News release, dated February 5, 2009. 1 p.
FWC FWRI. 2009. Manatee Synoptic Surveys. St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
Accessed March 15, 2009. Available from https://www.floridamarine.org/features/view_article.asp?id=15246.
FWC FWRI. 2007. Blue crab, Callinectes sapidus: species account for
blue crab in Florida. BLUE CRAB, unpublished report. 8 pp.
FWC FWRI. 2008. Manatee Mortality Statistics. St. Petersburg, FL,
USA. Accessed September 22, 2008. Available from https://www.floridamarine.org/features/category_sub.asp?id=2241.
Fonnesbeck, C.J, and Runge, M.C. 2007. Estimating the relative
contribution of anthropogenic causes of death to Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris) mortality using Bayesian
hierarchical modeling. Marine Mammal Science (In review).
Forrester, D.J., F.H. White, J.C. Woodard, and N.P. Thompson. 1975.
Intussusception in a Florida manatee. Journal of Wildlife Diseases
11:566-569.
Hare, M.P. and J.G. Mead. 1987. Handbook for the determination of
adverse human-marine mammal interactions from necropsies. Marine
Mammal Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington DC. NWAFC Process Report 87-06. 35 pp.
Hartley, W.C. 2006. FDEP Blue Springs State Park. Personal
communication to Dawn Jennings, USFWS. Communication re: Highest
winter count of manatees observed at Blue Springs State Park during
the 2006-2007 winter season. Available from: USFWS Jacksonville
Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Hartman, D.S. 1979. Ecology and behavior of the manatee (Trichechus
manatus) in Florida. American Society of Mammalogists Special
Publication No. 5. 153 pp.
Higgs, K. 2007a. FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. Personal
communication to Jim Valade, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee Individual
Photo-identification System (MIPS) data, number of manatees with
entanglement-related scars, 1974 to 2007. Available from: USFWS
Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Higgs, K. 2007b. FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. Personal
communication to Dawn Jennings, USFWS. Unpublished Manatee
Individual Photo-identification System (MIPS) data, records of
identifiable manatees moving between management units, 1974 to 2007.
Available from: USFWS Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL
32256.
Kellogg, M.E. 2008. Sirenian conservation genetics and Florida
manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) cytogenetics. Doctoral
dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Kendall, W.L., C.A. Langtimm, C.A. Beck, and M.C. Runge. 2004.
Capture-recapture analysis for estimating manatee reproductive
rates. Marine Mammal Science 20(3):424-437.
Kleen, J.M. 2006. USFWS Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge.
Personal communication to Dawn Jennings, USFWS. Communication re:
highest winter count of manatees observed in Kings Bay and Crystal
River, Citrus County, FL. Available from: USFWS Jacksonville Field
Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Koelsch, J.K., N.M. Adimey, and A.E. Bowles. 2003. Effects of the
blue crab fishery on marine wildlife in Florida waters: Impacts and
mitigation efforts. Abstract. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the
Biology of Marine Mammals, Greensboro, NC. December 14-19, 2003.
Koelsch, J.K. 2001. Reproduction in female manatees observed in
Sarasota Bay, Florida. Marine Mammal Science 17(2):331-342.
Langtimm, C.A., C.A Beck, H.H. Edwards, B.B. Ackerman, K.J. Fick-
Child, S.L. Barton, and W.C. Hartley. 2004. Survival estimates for
Florida manatees from the photo-identification of individuals.
Marine Mammal Science 20(3):438-463.
Lefebvre, L.W., M. Marmontel, J.P. Reid, G.B. Rathbun, and D.P.
Domning. 2001. Status and biogeography of the West Indian manatee.
Pages 425-474 in C.A. Woods and F.E. Sergile, editors. Biogeography
of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL. 582 pp.
Lightsey, J.D., S.A. Rommel, A.M. Costidis, and T.D. Pitchford.
2006. Methods used during gross necropsy to determine watercraft-
related mortality in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus
latirostris). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 37(3):262-275.
NMFS. 2005. Revisions to guidelines for assessing marine mammal
stocks. Seattle, WA, USA. Accessed September 22, 2008. Available
from: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/sars/gamms2005.pdf.
Nill, E.K. 1998. The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus
latirostris) entanglement report 1998. Final report to the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. 23 pp.
O'Shea, T.J., C.A. Beck, R.K. Bonde, H.I. Kochman, and D.K. Odell.
1985. An analysis of manatee mortality patterns in Florida 1976-
1981. Journal of Wildlife Management 49(1):1-11.
Pitchford, T.D., S.A. Rommel, and M.E. Pitchford. 2005.
Characterizing and interpreting watercraft-related wounds in Florida
manatees: a retrospective analysis of Florida manatee mortality data
for evidence of deaths attributable to (very) large vessels, 1990--
1999. Final report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Order No
401810M446. 60 pp.
Rathbun, G.B., R.K. Bonde, and D. Clay. 1982. The status of the West
Indian manatee on the Atlantic Coast north of Florida. Pages 152-164
in R.R.Odum and J.W. Guthrie, editors. Proceedings: Symposium on
Non-game and Endangered Wildlife. Technical Bulletin WL5. Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division, Social
Circle, GA.
Rathbun, G.B., J.P. Reid, and G. Carowan. 1990. Distribution and
movement patterns of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Northwestern
peninsular Florida. Florida Marine Research Institute Publication No
48. 33 pp.
Read, A.J. and K.T. Murray. 2000. Gross evidence of human-induced
mortality in small cetaceans. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-15.
21 pp.
Reid, J.P., G.B. Rathbun, and J.R. Wilcox. 1991. Distribution
patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees
(Trichechus manatus) in Florida. Marine Mammal Science 7(2):180-190.
Rommel, S.A., A.M. Costidis, T.D. Pitchford, J.D. Lightsey, R.H.
Snyder, and E.M. Haubold. 2007. Forensic methods for characterizing
watercraft from watercraft-induced wounds on the Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris). Marine Mammal Science 23(1):110-
132.
Runge M.C., C.A. Langtimm, and W.L. Kendall. 2004. A stage-based
model of
[[Page 28065]]
manatee population dynamics. Marine Mammal Science 20(3):361-385.
Runge M.C., C.A. Sanders-Reed, and C.J. Fonnesbeck. 2007a. A core
stochastic population projection model for Florida manatees
(Trichechus manatus latirostris). U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 2007-1082. 41 pp.
Runge M.C., C.A. Sanders-Reed, C.A. Langtimm, and C.J. Fonnesbeck.
2007b. A quantitative threats analysis for the Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris). Final report to U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Jacksonville, FL. Intergovernmental Contract No.
40181-5-N012 (March 2007). U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2007-1086. 34 pp.
Schwartz, F.J. 1995. Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus (Sirenia:
Trichechidae), in North Carolina 1919-1994. Brimleyana 22:53-60.
Smith, K.N. 1998. Summary of manatee fatalities associated with
fishing practices or gear, 1974-1997. Unpublished report, Florida
Department of Environmental Protection. 6 pp.
Smith, K.N. 1997. Summary of manatee fatalities associated with
fishing practices or gear, 1974-1996. In: Resource Management Notes,
Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Spring 1997, 9(1):
9--10.
Spellman, A.C., J.K. Koelsch, N.M. Adimey and L. Souto. 2003.
Response to a clear and present danger. Abstract. Fifteenth Biennial
Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Greensboro, NC.
December 14-19, 2003.
Spellman, A.C. 1999. Manatee entanglements in fishing gear and
debris. Abstract. Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of
Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui, HA. November 28 to December 3, 1999.
Stith, B.M., D.H. Slone, and J.P. Reid. 2006. Review and synthesis
of manatee data in Everglades National Park. Final Report for USGS/
ENP Agreement IA F5297-04-0119, November 2006. 110 pp.
Taylor, B.L., M. Scott, J.E. Heyning, and J. Barlow. 2003. Suggested
guidelines for recovery factors for endangered marine mammals. NOAA
Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-354. 9 pp.
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office. 2008a. Unpublished data (manatee
sighting reports of manatees sighted outside of Florida). Available
from: USFWS Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office. 2008b. Unpublished data from the
Manatee Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Release Program database, 1974-
2008, manatee rescues related to entanglements in and ingestion of
marine debris. Available from: USFWS Jacksonville Field Office,
Jacksonville, FL 32256.
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office. 2008c. Unpublished data
(miscellaneous correspondence and notes regarding manatee
entanglements in and ingestion of marine debris). Available from:
USFWS Jacksonville Field Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
USFWS. 2007. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation for the West
Indian Manatee. Unpublished report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Jacksonville Field Office. Jacksonville, FL. 79 pp.
USFWS. 2001. Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
recovery plan, third revision. USFWS. Atlanta, GA. 144 pp +
appendices.
USGS FISC Sirenia Project. 2007. Unpublished Manatee Individual
Photo-identification System (MIPS) data, number of manatees with
entanglement-related scars. Available from: USFWS Jacksonville Field
Office, Jacksonville, FL 32256.
Valade, J.A., G.D. Bossart, K. Frohlich, L.W. Lefebvre, A.A.
Mignucci-Giannoni, D. Murphy, J. Pearson, and J.A. Powell. 1999. The
manatee rescue, rehabilitation, and release program: an overview.
Abstract. Thirteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine
Mammals, Wailea, Maui, HA. November 28 to December 3, 1999.
Vianna, J.A., R.K. Bonde, S. Caballero, J.P. Giraldo, R.P. Lima, A.
Clark, M. Marmontel, B. Morales-Vela, M.J. de Sousa, L. Parr, M.A.
Rodriguez-Lopez, A.A. Mignucci-Giannonni, J .A. Powell, and F.R.
Santos. 2006. Phylogeography, phylogeny, and hybridization in
trichechid sirenians: implications for manatee conservation.
Molecular Ecology 15:433-447.
Walsh, M.T. and G.D. Bossart. 1999. Manatee medicine. In: Zoo and
Wildlife Medicine, Fowler, M.E. and Miller, R.E. eds., W.B.
Saunders, Philadelphia, 507 516.
Weigle, B.L., I.E. Wright, M. Ross, and R.O. Flamm. 2001. Movements
of radio-tagged manatees in Tampa Bay and along Florida's west
coast, 1991-1996. Florida Marine Research Institute Technical Report
TR-7. 156 pp.
Wright, S.D., B.B. Ackerman, R.K. Bonde, C.A. Beck and D.J.
Banowetz. 1995. Analysis of watercraft-related mortality of manatees
in Florida, 1979-1991. Pages 259-268 in T.J. O'Shea, B.B. Ackerman,
and H.F. Percival, editors. Population Biology of the Florida
Manatee. National Biological Service, Information and Technology
Report No. 1. Washington DC.
Puerto Rico Manatee Stock:
Barrett, O.W. 1935. Notes concerning manatees and dugongs. J.
Mammalogy 16:216-220.
Caribbean Stranding Network. 1988. Unpublished Data.
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. 2004. Reglamento
de Pesca de Puerto Rico. 36 pp.
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. 2009. Manatee
Stranding Reports May 2006 through November 2008. Unpublished Data.
Deutsch, C.J., Self-Sullivan, C. and Mignucci-Giannoni, A. 2007.
Trichechus manatus ssp. manatus. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List
of Threatened Species 5pp
Domning, D.P. and L.C. Hayek. 1986. Interspecific and intraspecific
morphological variation in manatees (Sirenia: Trichechus). Marine
Mammal Sci. 2:87-144.
Erdman, D. S. 1970. Marine mammals from Puerto Rico to Antigua. J.
Mamm. 51:636-639.
manatus) in Puerto Rico: 1988-1989. NTIS PB91-137240. Springfield,
VA. 43 pp.
Evermann, B.W. 1900. General Report on the Investigations in Puerto
Rico of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1989. Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm. 20: 3-302.
Garc[iacute]a-Rodr[iacute]guez, A.I., Bowen, B.W., Domning, D.,
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., Marmotel, M., Montoya-Ospina, R.A.,
Morales-Vela, B., Ruding, M., Bonde, R.K., and P.M. McGuire. 1998.
Phylogeography of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus): how
many populations and how many taxa? Molecular Ecology 7: 1137-1149.
Hatt, R. 1934. A manatee collected by the American Museum Congo
Expedition, with observations of recent manatees. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History 66: 533-566.
Lefebvre, L.W., M. Marmontel, J.P. Reid, G.B. Rathbun, and D.P.
Domning. 2001. Status and biogeography of the West Indian manatee.
Pages 425-474 in C.A. Woods and F.E. Sergile, editors. Biogeography
of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL. 582 pp.
Lefebvre, L.W., T.J. O'Shea, G.B. Rathbun and R.C. Best. 1989.
Distribution, status, and biogeography of the West Indian manatee.
Biogeography of the West Indies, 1989: 567-610.
Magor, D.M. 1979. Survey of the Caribbean manatee (Trichechus
manatus, L.) on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico. 9 p + appendices.
Report to the Navy.
Matos-Caraballo, D. 2004. Comprehensive Census of Marine Fisheries
of Puerto Rico. 2002. Final Report to NOAA. Department of Natural
and Environmental Resources. p. 51-85.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A. 1989. Zoogeography of marine mammals in
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Unpublished master's thesis, The
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., B. Pinto-Rodriguez, R.A. Montoya-Ospina,
D.P. Moore, and E.H. Williams. 1993. Stranding and mortality
assessment of marine mammals in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Presented at the Tenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine
Mammals, Galveston, TX, 11-16 November.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., M.M. Alsina Guerrero, V.M. Rosado, G.M.
Toyos, and R.J. Rosario. 2003. Ecomap: Southwest Puerto Rico
Endangered Marine Wildlife Conservation Project. Caribbean Stranding
Network Report to EcoElectrica. 16 pp.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A., M.M. Alsina Guerrero, G.M. Toyos, and R.J.
Rosario. 2004. Aerial Surveys for marine mammals and sea turtles off
the southeast coast of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Stranding Network
Report to EcoElectrica. 16 pp.
Mignucci Giannoni, A.A. 2006. West Indian manatee (Trichechus
manatus) mortality analysis for Puerto Rico: 1990-2005. Caribbean
Stranding Network. Unpublished Report.
NMFS. 2005. Revisions to Guidelines for Assessing Marine Mammal
Stocks. Seattle, WA, USA. 24 pp. Available at: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/sars/gamms2005.pdf.
NOAA. 2004. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Generic
Essential Fish
[[Page 28066]]
Habitats for the U.S. Caribbean Fisheries Management Plans.
Powell. J.A., D.W. Belitsky, and G.B. Rathbun. 1981. Status of the
West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Puerto Rico. J. Mamm.
62: 642-646.
Rathbun, G.B., Carr, N., Carr, T., and C.A. Woods. 1985. The
distribution of manatees and sea turtles in Puerto Rico, with
emphasis on Roosevelt Roads Naval Station. NTIS PB 85-151847 AS.
Springfield, VA. 83 pp.
Ray, C.E. 1960. The Manatee in the Lesser Antilles. J. Mammal. 41:
412-413.
Rice, S.M. 1990. Aerial Survey of West Indian Manatee Trichechus
manatus. Unpub. Report. 19 pp.
Shoshani, J. 2005. Order Sirenia, pp. 92-93, in Mammal Species of
the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference (D.E. Wilson and
D.M. Reeder, eds.). John Hopkins University Press. 3rd. Edition
(2142 pp.)
Teresa Tallevast. 2006. Culebra NWR Refuge Manager. Personal
Communication.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Recovery plan for the Puerto
Rico population of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus
manatus L.). Prepared by: G.B. Rathbun and E. Possardt for the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, GA. 28 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007. West Indian Manatee. 5-year
review: Summary and Evaluation. Jacksonville Ecological Services
Office, Florida; Caribbean Field Office, Puerto Rico. 79 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007. Unpublished Data.
Vianna, J.A., R.K, Bonde, J.P Caballero, J.P. Giraldo, R.P. Lima, A.
Clark, M. Marmotel, B. Morales-Vela, M. J.de Sousa, L. Parr, M.A.
Rodr[iacute]guez-Lopez, A.A Mignucci-Giannoni, J.A. Powell, and F.R.
Santos. 2006. Phyllogeography, phylogeny, and hybridization in
trichechid sirenians: implications for manatee conservation.
Molecular Ecology 15: 433-447.
Authority
The authority for this action is the Marine Mammal Protection Act
of 1972, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et al.).
Dated: June 3, 2009.
Marvin Moriarty,
Acting Director, Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. E9-13799 Filed 6-11-09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P
