Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2000 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, 7172-7177 [E9-2978]

Agencies

• Office of Management and Budget
• Management and Budget Office

[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 28 (Thursday, February 12, 2009)]
[Notices]
[Pages 7172-7177]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E9-2978]



[[Page 7171]]

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Part III





Office of Management and Budget





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Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area 
Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget 
Concerning Changes to the 2000 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Areas; Notice

Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 28 / Thursday, February 12, 2009 / 
Notices

[[Page 7172]]


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OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET


Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan 
Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management 
and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2000 Standards for Defining 
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas

AGENCY: Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB), Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.

ACTION: Notice and request for comment.

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SUMMARY: Under the authority of the Budget and Accounting Procedures 
Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 1104(d)) and the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 
(44 U.S.C. 3504(e)), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requests 
public comment on the recommendations it has received from the 
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review 
Committee for changes to OMB's metropolitan and micropolitan 
statistical area standards. The committee's report and recommendations, 
which are published in their entirety in the Appendix, follow from 
study of the 2000 standards, published by OMB in the December 27, 2000 
Federal Register (65 FR 82227-82238). The committee's work is a key 
element in OMB's review that will culminate in publication of the 2010 
statistical area standards for the next decade. (Decisions on changes 
to the metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area standards will 
not affect the collection, tabulation, and publication of data from the 
2010 Census and other current Federal data collections for geographic 
areas such as states, counties, county subdivisions, and 
municipalities.)
    Request for Comments: OMB is seeking comments only on the specific 
recommendations of the committee for revising the 2000 standards. In 
addition, OMB would welcome comments on the wording of the recommended 
2010 standards to help ensure their clarity and understandability. 
Comments submitted in response to this notice may be made available to 
the public, including by posting them on OMB's Web site. For this 
reason, please do not include in your comments information of a 
confidential nature, such as sensitive personal information or 
proprietary information.
    Electronic Availability: This notice is available on the Internet 
from the OMB Web site at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/
2009.aspx. Federal Register notices are also available electronically 
from the U.S. Government Printing Office Web site at http://
www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html.

DATES: To ensure consideration during the decision-making process, OMB 
must receive all comments in writing on or before April 13, 2009.

ADDRESSES: Comments may be sent to: Katherine K. Wallman, Chief 
Statistician, Office of Management and Budget, Room 10201 New Executive 
Office Building, Washington, DC 20503, telephone number (202) 395-3093, 
fax number (202) 395-7245. E-mail comments may be sent to 
2010MetroAreas@omb.eop.gov with the subject 2010 MetroAreas, or via 
http://www.regulations.gov--a Federal E-Government Web site that allows 
the public to find, review, and submit comments on documents that 
agencies have published in the Federal Register and that are open for 
comment. Simply type ``2010 MetroAreas'' (in quotes) in the Comment or 
Submission search box, click Go, and follow the instructions for 
submitting comments. Comments received with subject ``2010 MetroAreas'' 
by the date specified above will be included as part of the official 
record.
    Because of delays in the receipt of regular mail due to security 
screening, you are encouraged to use electronic communications to 
transmit your comments to ensure timely receipt.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James D. Fitzsimmons, Chair, 
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review 
Committee, telephone number (301) 763-1465; or E-mail 
pop.fr.notice@census.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Outline of Notice

1. Background
2. Review Process
3. Overview of Recommendations from the Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee
4. Issues for Comment
Appendix: Report and Recommendations from the Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the 
Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2000 
Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical 
Areas
    A. Discussion of Recommendations
    B. Recommended 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Key Terms

1. Background

    The metropolitan area program has provided standard statistical 
area delineations for approximately 60 years. In the 1940s, it became 
clear that the value of metropolitan data produced by Federal agencies 
would be greatly enhanced if agencies used a single set of geographic 
delineations for the Nation's largest centers of population and 
activity. OMB's predecessor, the Bureau of the Budget, led the effort 
to develop what were then called ``standard metropolitan areas'' in 
time for their use in 1950 census publications. Since then, comparable 
data products for metropolitan areas have been available.
    The general concept of a metropolitan statistical area is that of 
an area containing a large population nucleus and adjacent communities 
that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus. The concept 
of a micropolitan statistical area closely parallels that of the 
metropolitan statistical area, but a micropolitan statistical area 
features a smaller nucleus. The purpose of these statistical areas is 
unchanged from when metropolitan areas were first delineated: The 
classification provides a nationally consistent set of delineations for 
collecting, tabulating, and publishing Federal statistics for 
geographic areas.
    OMB establishes and maintains these areas solely for statistical 
purposes. In reviewing and revising these areas, OMB does not take into 
account or attempt to anticipate any public or private sector 
nonstatistical uses that may be made of the delineations. These areas 
are not designed to serve as a general-purpose geographic framework 
applicable for nonstatistical activities or for use in program funding 
formulas.

2. Review Process

    From the beginning of the program, OMB (or its predecessor) has 
reviewed the metropolitan (and now micropolitan) statistical area 
standards and, if warranted, revised them in the years preceding their 
application to new decennial census data. During the 1990s, OMB 
conducted a comprehensive review of the 1990 standards, leading to the 
development of the core based statistical areas (metropolitan and 
micropolitan statistical areas) and combined statistical areas as 
contained in the 2000 standards (available at: http://
www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/metroareas122700.pdf). Periodic review of 
the standards is necessary to ensure their continued usefulness and 
relevance. The current review of the metropolitan and micropolitan

[[Page 7173]]

statistical area standards is the sixth such review.
    In 2008, OMB charged the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical 
Area Standards Review Committee with examining the 2000 metropolitan 
and micropolitan statistical area standards and providing 
recommendations on the standards scheduled to be issued no later than 
December 2010. Agencies represented on the review committee include the 
Census Bureau (Chair), Bureau of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Labor 
Statistics, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Economic Research 
Service, National Center for Health Statistics, and ex officio, OMB. 
The Census Bureau has provided research support to the committee.
    This notice is the first of two anticipated notices related to the 
review of the 2000 standards. OMB expects to publish the final 
standards in the second notice no later than December 2010.

3. Overview of Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan 
Statistical Area Standards Review Committee

    This Federal Register notice makes available for comment the 
committee's recommendations to OMB on how the 2000 metropolitan and 
micropolitan statistical area standards should be revised. These 
recommendations are presented in their entirety in the ``Report and 
Recommendations from the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area 
Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget 
Concerning Changes to the 2000 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Areas,'' provided in the Appendix to this 
notice. Section B of the Appendix presents for public comment the 
specific 2010 standards recommended by the committee for adoption by 
OMB.
    The committee notes that the 2000 standards, which provided for 
core based statistical areas (CBSAs) and combined statistical areas and 
were the result of an extensive and comprehensive review of previous 
standards, have served the Federal statistical community well. Certain 
aspects of the standards, however, needed to be evaluated in light of 
experiences from the post-2000 implementation of the standards; these 
aspects included combined statistical area qualification and titling, 
and metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area updating.
    The committee recommends that the use of local opinion be 
eliminated in the qualification of metropolitan and micropolitan 
statistical areas to form combined statistical areas, and that adjacent 
CBSAs be combined automatically if they possess an employment 
interchange measure of 15 or higher. (As in the past, areas that are 
combined would also retain their status as discrete metropolitan or 
micropolitan statistical areas.) The committee also recommends 
eliminating local opinion from the combined statistical area titling 
criteria and instead titling each combined statistical area using the 
names of the two principal cities with the largest populations, and the 
name of the third-largest principal city, if present. If the combined 
statistical area title duplicates that of one of its component CBSAs, 
the committee recommends dropping the third-most populous principal 
city name from the title of the combined statistical area.
    After the initial redelineation based on the 2010 standards is 
announced in 2013, the committee recommends that OMB: (1) Limit yearly 
intercensal updates to the identification of new metropolitan and 
micropolitan statistical areas (and process certain changes to 
principal cities such as names and legal status), and (2) conduct an 
update of the areas in 2018 based on aspects of delineation that can be 
performed using Census Bureau total population estimates from the 
Population Estimates Program and commuting and employment 5-year 
estimates from the American Community Survey. The committee expresses 
its dissatisfaction with the word ``definition'' to characterize the 
boundaries of a particular area and recommends replacing it with the 
word ``delineation.''

4. Issues for Comment

    With this notice, OMB requests comment on the recommendations of 
the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review 
Committee concerning revisions to the 2000 standards for defining 
metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. The 2010 standards 
recommended to OMB for adoption appear in Section B of the Appendix to 
this notice. Section A of the Appendix provides a discussion of the 
recommendations for changes to the 2000 standards. To help ensure the 
clarity of the 2010 recommended standards, OMB would appreciate 
receiving comments on their wording.

Kevin F. Neyland,
Acting Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.

Appendix: Report and Recommendations From the Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office 
of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2000 Standards for 
Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas

[Transmittal Memorandum]
December 19, 2008.
Memorandum for Katherine K. Wallman, Chief Statistician, Office of 
Management and Budget
From: Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review 
Committee.
Subject: Transmittal of Report and Recommendations Concerning Changes 
to the 2000 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan 
Statistical Areas.

    We are pleased to transmit to you the attached report presenting 
this committee's recommendations for modifying the Office of Management 
and Budget's (OMB's) 2000 standards for defining metropolitan and 
micropolitan statistical areas. They represent our best technical and 
professional advice for how the standards could better account for and 
describe changes in settlement and activity patterns throughout the 
United States and Puerto Rico, yet still meet the data reporting needs 
and requirements of Federal agencies and the public. We also are 
providing the specific 2010 standards recommended by the committee, 
including definitions of key terms. We hope that OMB will find these 
recommendations informative and helpful in making its decision on what 
changes, if any, to adopt in the standards for defining geographic 
areas for collecting, tabulating, and publishing Federal statistics.
    Attachment

Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area 
Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget 
Concerning Changes to the 2000 Standards for Defining Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Areas

A. Discussion of Recommendations

    The committee notes that the 2000 standards, the result of an 
extensive and comprehensive review of the previous,

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1990 standards, have served the Federal statistical community well over 
the past decade. However, the committee determined that aspects of the 
standards--particularly those concerning combined statistical area 
qualification and titling, and metropolitan and micropolitan 
statistical area updating--need to be revised to better serve data 
users.
1. Recommendations Concerning Combined Statistical Areas
    The Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review 
Committee recommends elimination of the use of local opinion in the 
qualification of combinations with employment interchange measures 
between 15 and 25. Adjacent core based statistical areas (CBSAs) should 
automatically qualify for combination if they possess an employment 
interchange measure of 15 or higher. The committee also recommends 
elimination of the use of local opinion in combined statistical area 
titling; each combined statistical area should be titled using the 
names of the two principal cities with the largest populations in the 
combined statistical area, as well as the name of the third-largest 
principal city, if present.
    In the 2000 standards, OMB provided for combined statistical areas 
to recognize ties between contiguous metropolitan and/or micropolitan 
statistical areas that are less intense than those captured by mergers, 
but still significant. (Mergers occur when adjacent CBSAs become a 
single CBSA because the central county or counties (as a group) of one 
CBSA qualify as outlying to the central county or counties (as a group) 
of the other CBSA.) These combinations were based on the employment 
interchange measure between two CBSAs, defined as the sum of the 
percentage of commuting from the smaller area to the larger area and 
the percentage of employment in the smaller area accounted for by 
workers residing in the larger area.
    In reviewing the 2000 standards, the committee noted that combined 
statistical areas can serve as an important geographic tool for the 
Federal statistical data community. The committee also observed, 
however, that under the current system--in which adjacent metropolitan 
and/or micropolitan statistical areas combine automatically if they 
meet a specified employment interchange measure of 25 or more, while 
areas with an interchange measure of less than 25 but at least 15 
qualify with the support of local opinion--the universe of combined 
statistical areas is heterogeneous. This calls into question the 
comparability of the areas. Applying only statistical rules when 
delineating areas--the means by which the other statistical areas 
delineated by OMB currently qualify--minimizes ambiguity and maximizes 
the replicability, transparency, and integrity of the process. The 
committee advocated applying only statistical rules, automatically 
combining all areas with the minimum employment interchange measure of 
15.
    Under the 2000 standards, local opinion also is used for 
determining titles for combined statistical areas. The committee argued 
that just as the qualification of combined statistical areas should be 
based on the application of statistical rules, so too should combined 
statistical areas titling. The committee recommended elimination of 
local opinion from combined statistical area titling and instead 
recommended titling combined statistical areas in the same manner as 
their component metropolitan and/or micropolitan statistical areas: The 
title of a combined statistical area should be based on the names of 
the two principal cities in the combination with the largest 
populations, as well as the name of the third-largest principal city, 
if present. To avoid potential confusion, the committee recommends 
dropping the name of the third most populous principal city from the 
title of a combined statistical area if the combined statistical area 
title duplicates that of one of its component CBSAs.
2. Recommendations Concerning Intercensal Update
    The committee recommends that OMB: (1) Limit its yearly updates to 
the identification of new metropolitan and micropolitan statistical 
areas (and process certain changes to principal cities such as names 
and legal status) and (2) conduct an update in 2018 based on those 
aspects of delineation that can be performed using Census Bureau total 
population estimates from the Population Estimates Program as well as 
5-year commuting and employment estimates from the American Community 
Survey.
    For some purposes, frequent updates of the areas are desirable, but 
for other purposes stability of the inventory of areas has advantages.
    The committee examined the criteria for statistical area updates in 
the 2000 standards as well as the application of those criteria over 
the decade. Annual intercensal updates of statistical areas since 2003 
have been extensive and have included: (1) Qualification of new 
micropolitan statistical areas; (2) qualification of new metropolitan 
statistical areas; (3) qualification of new principal cities; (4) 
deletion of principal cities; and (5) changes in the titles of 
metropolitan statistical areas, micropolitan statistical areas, and 
metropolitan divisions, based on the addition and/or deletion of 
principal cities as well as changes in the relative population size 
rankings of principal cities.
    The 2000 standards also included criteria for updating areas in 
2008 based on American Community Survey 5-year commuting and employment 
estimates. Given a subsequent change in the American Community Survey 
production and release schedule, the 2008 update that was described in 
the 2000 standards could not be implemented.
    The committee observed that yearly updates can present potential 
difficulties to producers and users of metropolitan and micropolitan 
statistical area data, including the potentially considerable workload 
that yearly intercensal update coding and titling changes can pose for 
maintaining large databases. The committee supports a more limited 
yearly update, identifying only new metropolitan and micropolitan 
statistical areas.\1\ OMB would continue to process changes to 
principal cities based on changes in their names and legal status. For 
example, if a principal city disincorporates or changes its name, that 
would be reflected in the yearly update inventory of principal cities, 
CBSA titles, and codes.
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    \1\ A metropolitan statistical area that qualifies under the 
yearly update due a special census or population estimate will not 
contain an urbanized area as delineated by the Census Bureau. The 
Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program produces and 
disseminates the official total population estimates of cities that 
are used in the update process.
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    The committee recommends a more comprehensive update of 
metropolitan and micropolitan and related statistical areas in 2018 
based on those parts of delineation that can be conducted using Census 
Bureau total population estimates from the Population Estimates Program 
and 5-year commuting and employment estimates from the American 
Community Survey. The urbanized areas and urban clusters used 
throughout the 2018 delineation process will be the 2010 Census Bureau-
delineated urbanized areas and urban clusters. The central counties of 
CBSAs identified on the basis of a 2010 Census population count, or on 
the basis of population estimates or a special census count in the case 
of intercensally delineated areas, would constitute the

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central counties for purposes of the 2018 area delineations.
3. Recommendation Concerning the Use of the Word ``Definition''
    The committee recommends that OMB replace the word ``definition'' 
with the word ``delineation'' in the proposed 2010 standards.
    During much of the history of the metropolitan and micropolitan 
statistical area program, the term ``definition'' has been used to 
refer to the boundaries or geographic makeup of an area (e.g., the 
definition of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area). While the 
program's use of the term has been consistent, it is not intuitive for 
those first encountering the program.
    The committee noted that while the term ``definition'' has been 
used by OMB for several decades, it has caused confusion for some data 
users. The committee recommends replacing ``definition'' with 
``delineation'' to reference the geographic boundaries of the 
statistical areas.

B. Recommended 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and 
Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Key Terms

    (If approved by the Office of Management and Budget, the proposed 
standards below will be used to delineate Core Based Statistical Areas 
beginning in 2013.)
    A Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) is a geographic entity 
associated with at least one core of 10,000 or more population, plus 
adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic 
integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. The standards 
designate and delineate two categories of CBSAs: Metropolitan 
Statistical Areas and Micropolitan Statistical Areas. The purpose of 
the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area standards is to 
provide nationally consistent delineations for collecting, tabulating, 
and publishing Federal statistics for a set of geographic areas. The 
Office of Management and Budget establishes and maintains these areas 
solely for statistical purposes. Metropolitan and Micropolitan 
Statistical Areas are not designed as a general-purpose geographic 
framework for nonstatistical activities or for use in program funding 
formulas. The CBSA classification is not an urban-rural classification; 
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and many counties 
outside CBSAs contain both urban and rural populations.
    CBSAs consist of counties and equivalent entities throughout the 
United States and Puerto Rico. In view of the importance of cities and 
towns in New England, a set of geographic areas similar in concept to 
the county-based CBSAs also will be delineated for that region using 
cities and towns. These New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs) are 
intended for use with statistical data, whenever feasible and 
appropriate, for New England. Data providers and users desiring areas 
delineated using a nationally consistent geographic building block 
should use the county-based CBSAs in New England.
    The following criteria apply to both the nationwide county-based 
CBSAs and to NECTAs, with the exceptions of Sections 7 and 9 in which 
separate criteria are applied when identifying and titling divisions 
within NECTAs that contain at least one core of 2.5 million or more 
population. Wherever the word ``county'' or ``counties'' appears in the 
following criteria (except in Sections 7 and 9), the words ``city and 
town'' or ``cities and towns'' should be substituted, as appropriate, 
when delineating NECTAs. Commuting and employment estimates are derived 
from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey.

Section 1. Population Size Requirements for Qualification of Core Based 
Statistical Areas

    Each CBSA must have a Census Bureau delineated urbanized area of at 
least 50,000 population or a Census Bureau delineated urban cluster of 
at least 10,000 population. (Urbanized areas and urban clusters are 
collectively referred to as ``urban areas.'')

Section 2. Central Counties

    The central county or counties of a CBSA are those counties that:
    (a) Have at least 50 percent of their population in urban areas of 
at least 10,000 population; or
    (b) Have within their boundaries a population of at least 5,000 
located in a single urban area of at least 10,000 population.
    A central county is associated with the urbanized area or urban 
cluster that accounts for the largest portion of the county's 
population. The central counties associated with a particular urbanized 
area or urban cluster are grouped to form a single cluster of central 
counties for purposes of measuring commuting to and from potentially 
qualifying outlying counties.

Section 3. Outlying Counties

    A county qualifies as an outlying county of a CBSA if it meets the 
following commuting requirements:
    (a) At least 25 percent of the employed residents of the county 
work in the central county or counties of the CBSA; or
    (b) At least 25 percent of the employment in the county is 
accounted for by workers who reside in the central county or counties 
of the CBSA.
    A county may be included in only one CBSA. If a county qualifies as 
a central county of one CBSA and as outlying in another, it falls 
within the CBSA in which it is a central county. A county that 
qualifies as outlying to multiple CBSAs falls within the CBSA with 
which it has the strongest commuting tie, as measured by either (a) or 
(b) above. The counties included in a CBSA must be contiguous; if a 
county is not contiguous with other counties in the CBSA, it will not 
fall within the CBSA.

Section 4. Merging of Adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas

    Two adjacent CBSAs will merge to form one CBSA if the central 
county or counties (as a group) of one CBSA qualify as outlying to the 
central county or counties (as a group) of the other CBSA using the 
measures and thresholds stated in 3(a) and 3(b) above.

Section 5. Identification of Principal Cities

    The Principal City (or Cities) of a CBSA will include:
    (a) The largest incorporated place with a 2010 Census population of 
at least 10,000 in the CBSA or, if no incorporated place of at least 
10,000 population is present in the CBSA, the largest incorporated 
place or census designated place in the CBSA; and
    (b) Any additional incorporated place or census designated place 
with a 2010 Census population of at least 250,000 or in which 100,000 
or more persons work; and
    (c) Any additional incorporated place or census designated place 
with a 2010 Census population of at least 50,000, but less than 
250,000, and in which the number of jobs meets or exceeds the number of 
employed residents; and
    (d) Any additional incorporated place or census designated place 
with a 2010 Census population of at least 10,000, but less than 50,000, 
and one-third the population size of the largest place, and in which 
the number of jobs meets or exceeds the number of employed residents.

Section 6. Categories and Terminology

    A CBSA receives a category based on the population of the largest 
urban area (urbanized area or urban cluster) within the CBSA. 
Categories of CBSAs are: Metropolitan Statistical Areas, based on

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urbanized areas of 50,000 or more population, and Micropolitan 
Statistical Areas, based on urban clusters of at least 10,000 
population but less than 50,000 population. Counties that do not fall 
within CBSAs will represent ``Outside Core Based Statistical Areas.'' A 
NECTA receives a category in a manner similar to a CBSA and is referred 
to as a Metropolitan NECTA or a Micropolitan NECTA.

Section 7. Divisions of Metropolitan Statistical Areas and New England 
City and Town Areas

    (a) A Metropolitan Statistical Area containing a single urbanized 
area with a population of at least 2.5 million may be subdivided to 
form smaller groupings of counties referred to as Metropolitan 
Divisions. A county qualifies as a ``main county'' of a Metropolitan 
Division if 65 percent or more of its employed residents work within 
the county and the ratio of the number of jobs located in the county to 
the number of employed residents of the county is at least .75. A 
county qualifies as a ``secondary county'' if 50 percent or more, but 
less than 65 percent, of its employed residents work within the county 
and the ratio of the number of jobs located in the county to the number 
of employed residents of the county is at least .75. A main county 
automatically serves as the basis for a Metropolitan Division. For a 
secondary county to qualify as the basis for forming a Metropolitan 
Division, it must join with either a contiguous secondary county or a 
contiguous main county with which it has the highest employment 
interchange measure of 15 or more. After all main counties and 
secondary counties are identified and grouped (if appropriate), each 
additional county that already has qualified for inclusion in the 
Metropolitan Statistical Area falls within the Metropolitan Division 
associated with the main/secondary county or counties with which the 
county at issue has the highest employment interchange measure. 
Counties in a Metropolitan Division must be contiguous.
    (b) A NECTA containing a single urbanized area with a population of 
at least 2.5 million may be subdivided to form smaller groupings of 
cities and towns referred to as NECTA Divisions. A city or town will be 
a ``main city or town'' of a NECTA Division if it has a population of 
50,000 or more and its highest rate of out-commuting to any other city 
or town is less than 20 percent. After all main cities and towns have 
been identified, each remaining city and town in the NECTA will fall 
within the NECTA Division associated with the city or town with which 
the one at issue has the highest employment interchange measure. Each 
NECTA Division must contain a total population of 100,000 or more. 
Cities and towns first assigned to areas with populations less than 
100,000 will be assigned to the qualifying NECTA Division associated 
with the city or town with which the one at issue has the highest 
employment interchange measure. Cities and towns within a NECTA 
Division must be contiguous.

Section 8. Combining Adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas

    (a) Any two adjacent CBSAs will form a Combined Statistical Area if 
the employment interchange measure between the two areas is at least 
15.
    (b) The CBSAs that combine will continue to be recognized as 
individual CBSAs within the larger Combined Statistical Areas.

Section 9. Titles of Core Based Statistical Areas, Metropolitan 
Divisions, New England City and Town Divisions, and Combined 
Statistical Areas

    (a) The title of a CBSA will include the name of its Principal City 
with the largest 2010 Census population. If there are multiple 
Principal Cities, the names of the second-largest and (if present) 
third-largest Principal Cities will appear in the title in order of 
descending population size. If the Principal City with the largest 2010 
Census population is a census designated place, the name of the largest 
incorporated place of at least 10,000 population that also is a 
Principal City will appear first in the title followed by the name of 
the census designated place. If the Principal City with the largest 
2010 Census population is a census designated place, and there is no 
incorporated place of at least 10,000 population that also is a 
Principal City, the name of that census designated place Principal City 
will appear first in the title.
    (b) The title of a Metropolitan Division will include the name of 
the Principal City with the largest 2010 Census population located in 
the Metropolitan Division. If there are multiple Principal Cities, the 
names of the second-largest and (if present) third-largest Principal 
Cities will appear in the title in order of descending population size. 
If there are no Principal Cities located in the Metropolitan Division, 
the title of the Metropolitan Division will use the names of up to 
three counties in order of descending population size.
    (c) The title of a NECTA Division will include the name of the 
Principal City with the largest 2010 Census population located in the 
NECTA Division. If there are multiple Principal Cities, the names of 
the second-largest and (if present) third-largest Principal Cities will 
appear in the title in order of descending population size. If there 
are no Principal Cities located in the NECTA Division, the title of the 
NECTA Division will use the name of the city or town with the largest 
population.
    (d) The title of a Combined Statistical Area will include the names 
of the largest two Principal Cities in the combination and the name of 
the third-largest Principal City, if present. If the Combined 
Statistical Area title duplicates that of one of its component CBSAs, 
the third-most populous principal city name will be dropped from the 
title of the Combined Statistical Area.
    (e) Titles also will include the names of any state in which the 
area is located.

Section 10. Update Schedule

    (a) The Office of Management and Budget will delineate CBSAs in 
2013 based on Census 2010 data and American Community Survey 5-year 
estimates.
    (b) Each year thereafter, the Office of Management and Budget will 
designate new Micropolitan Statistical Areas if:
    (1) A city that is outside any existing CBSA has a Census Bureau 
special census count of 10,000 to 49,999 population, or a population 
estimate of 10,000 to 49,999 population for two consecutive years from 
the Census Bureau's Population Estimate Program, or
    (2) A Census Bureau special census results in the delineation of an 
urban cluster of 10,000 to 49,999 population that is outside of any 
existing CBSA.
    (c) Also each year thereafter, the Office of Management and Budget 
will designate new Metropolitan Statistical Areas if:
    (1) A city that is outside any existing Metropolitan Statistical 
Area has a Census Bureau special census count of 50,000 or more 
population, or a population estimate of 50,000 or more population for 
two consecutive years from the Census Bureau's Population Estimate 
Program, or
    (2) A Census Bureau special census results in the delineation of a 
new urbanized area of 50,000 population or more that is outside of any 
existing Metropolitan Statistical Area.
    (d) In the years 2014 through 2017, and 2019, outlying counties of 
intercensally designated CBSAs will qualify, according to the criteria 
in Section 3 above, on the basis of

[[Page 7177]]

American Community Survey 5-year commuting estimates.
    (e) The Office of Management and Budget will review the 
delineations of all existing CBSAs and related statistical areas in 
2018 using 5-year commuting and employment estimates from the Census 
Bureau's American Community Survey. The urbanized areas and urban 
clusters used in the 2018 delineations will be the 2010 Census Bureau-
delineated urbanized areas and urban clusters. The central counties of 
CBSAs identified on the basis of a 2010 Census population count, or on 
the basis of population estimates from the Census Bureau's Population 
Estimate Program or a special census count in the case of intercensally 
delineated areas, will constitute the central counties for purposes of 
the 2018 area delineations. New CBSAs will be designated in 2018 on the 
basis of Census Bureau special census counts or population estimates as 
described above in sections 10(b) and 10(c); outlying county 
qualification will be based on 5-year commuting estimates from the 
American Community Survey.
    (f) Other aspects of the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical 
Area and related Statistical Area delineations are not subject to 
change between decennial censuses.

Section 11. Definitions of Key Terms

    Census designated place--A statistical geographic entity that is 
equivalent to an incorporated place, delineated for the decennial 
census, consisting of a locally recognized, unincorporated 
concentration of population that is identified by name.
    Central county--The county or counties of a Core Based Statistical 
Area containing a substantial portion of an urbanized area or urban 
cluster or both, and to and from which commuting is measured to 
determine qualification of outlying counties.
    Combined Statistical Area--A geographic entity consisting of two or 
more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) with employment 
interchange measures of at least 15.
    Core--A densely settled concentration of population, comprising 
either an urbanized area (of 50,000 or more population) or an urban 
cluster (of 10,000 to 49,999 population) delineated by the Census 
Bureau, around which a Core Based Statistical Area is delineated.
    Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA)--A statistical geographic entity 
consisting of the county or counties associated with at least one core 
(urbanized area or urban cluster) of at least 10,000 population, plus 
adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic 
integration with the core as measured through commuting ties with the 
counties containing the core. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical 
Areas are the two categories of Core Based Statistical Areas.
    Delineation--The establishment of the boundary of a statistical 
area.
    Employment interchange measure--A measure of ties between two 
adjacent entities. The employment interchange measure is the sum of the 
percentage of employed residents of the smaller entity who work in the 
larger entity and the percentage of employment in the smaller entity 
that is accounted for by workers who reside in the larger entity.
    Geographic building block--The geographic unit, such as a county, 
that constitutes the basic geographic component of a statistical area.
    Main city or town--A city or town that acts as an employment center 
within a New England City and Town Area that has a core with a 
population of at least 2.5 million. A main city or town serves as the 
basis for delineating a New England City and Town Area Division.
    Main county--A county that acts as an employment center within a 
Core Based Statistical Area that has a core with a population of at 
least 2.5 million. A main county serves as the basis for delineating a 
Metropolitan Division.
    Metropolitan Division--A county or group of counties within a Core 
Based Statistical Area that contains an urbanized area with a 
population of at least 2.5 million. A Metropolitan Division consists of 
one or more main/secondary counties that represent an employment center 
or centers, plus adjacent counties associated with the main/secondary 
county or counties through commuting ties.
    Metropolitan Statistical Area--A Core Based Statistical Area 
associated with at least one urbanized area that has a population of at 
least 50,000. The Metropolitan Statistical Area comprises the central 
county or counties containing the core, plus adjacent outlying counties 
having a high degree of social and economic integration with the 
central county or counties as measured through commuting.
    Micropolitan Statistical Area--A Core Based Statistical Area 
associated with at least one urban cluster that has a population of at 
least 10,000, but less than 50,000. The Micropolitan Statistical Area 
comprises the central county or counties containing the core, plus 
adjacent outlying counties having a high degree of social and economic 
integration with the central county or counties as measured through 
commuting.
    New England City and Town Area (NECTA)--A statistical geographic 
entity that is delineated using cities and towns as building blocks and 
that is conceptually similar to the Core Based Statistical Areas in New 
England (which are delineated using counties as building blocks).
    New England City and Town Area (NECTA) Division--A city or town or 
group of cities and towns within a NECTA that contains an urbanized 
area with a population of at least 2.5 million. A NECTA Division 
consists of a main city or town that represents an employment center, 
plus adjacent cities and towns associated with the main city or town, 
or with other cities and towns that are in turn associated with the 
main city or town, through commuting ties.
    Outlying county--A county that qualifies for inclusion in a Core 
Based Statistical Area on the basis of commuting ties with the Core 
Based Statistical Area's central county or counties.
    Outside Core Based Statistical Areas--Counties that do not qualify 
for inclusion in a Core Based Statistical Area.
    Principal City--The largest city of a Core Based Statistical Area, 
plus additional cities that meet specified statistical criteria.
    Secondary county--A county that acts as an employment center in 
combination with a main county or another secondary county within a 
Core Based Statistical Area that has a core with a population of at 
least 2.5 million. A secondary county serves as the basis for 
delineating a Metropolitan Division, but only when combined with a main 
county or another secondary county.
    Urban area--The generic term used by the Census Bureau to refer 
collectively to urbanized areas and urban clusters.
    Urban cluster--A statistical geographic entity to be defined by the 
Census Bureau for 2010 Census, consisting of a central place(s) and 
adjacent densely settled territory that together contain at least 2,500 
people. For purposes of delineating Core Based Statistical Areas, only 
those urban clusters of 10,000 more population are considered.
    Urbanized area--A statistical geographic entity defined by the 
Census Bureau, consisting of a central place(s) and adjacent densely 
settled territory that together contain at least 50,000 people.

 [FR Doc. E9-2978 Filed 2-11-09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3110-01-P