Consolidated Returns; Intercompany Obligations, 79324-79334 [E8-30718]

Agencies

• Internal Revenue Service
• DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 249 (Monday, December 29, 2008)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 79324-79334]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-30718]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 1

[TD 9442]
RIN 1545-BA11


Consolidated Returns; Intercompany Obligations

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Final regulations.

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SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations under section 1502 of 
the Internal Revenue Code (Code). The regulations provide guidance 
regarding the treatment of transactions involving obligations between 
members of a consolidated group. These final regulations will affect 
affiliated groups of corporations filing consolidated returns.

DATES: Effective Date: These regulations are effective on December 24, 
2008.
    Applicability Date: For dates of applicability, see Sec. Sec.  
1.1502-13(g)(8) and 1.1502-28(d).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frances Kelly, (202) 622-7770 (not a 
toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    On September 28, 2007, the IRS and the Treasury Department 
published a notice of proposed rulemaking (REG-107592-00) in the 
Federal Register (72 FR 55139) (the 2007 Proposed Regulations) which 
proposed to amend Sec.  1.1502-13(g) (regarding the treatment of 
transactions involving obligations between members of a consolidated 
group) and to add Sec.  1.1502-13(e)(2)(ii)(C) (regarding the treatment 
of certain transactions involving the provision of insurance between 
members of a consolidated group). The 2007 Proposed Regulations 
replaced an earlier proposal (REG-105964-98) [63 FR 70354], published 
in the Federal Register on December 21, 1998, which was withdrawn.
    On February 25, 2008, the IRS and the Treasury Department published 
a notice (Announcement 2008-25) in the Federal Register (73 FR 9972) 
withdrawing the portion of the 2007 Proposed Regulations relating to 
the treatment of intercompany insurance transactions. No public hearing 
regarding the remaining portion of the 2007 Proposed Regulations was 
requested or held. However, written, electronic, and oral comments were 
received. After consideration of all of the comments, the 2007 Proposed 
Regulations are adopted as revised by this Treasury decision. The 
principal comments and changes are discussed in this preamble.

Explanation of Provisions

Former Regulations Under Sec.  1.1502-13(g) (the Former Regulations)

    An intercompany obligation is generally defined as an obligation 
between members of a consolidated group, but only for the period during 
which both the creditor and debtor are members of the group. The Former 
Regulations under Sec.  1.1502-13(g) (the 1995 regulations and the 1998 
proposed regulations, as in effect before these final regulations), 
prescribe rules relating to the treatment of transactions involving 
such obligations, and apply generally to three broad categories of 
transactions; transactions in which an obligation between a group 
member and a nonmember becomes an intercompany obligation (inbound 
transactions), transactions in which an intercompany obligation ceases 
to be an intercompany obligation (outbound transactions), and 
transactions in which an intercompany obligation is assigned or 
extinguished within the consolidated group (intragroup transactions).
    For all three types of transactions, the intercompany obligation is 
treated as satisfied and, if it remains outstanding, reissued as a new 
obligation (the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model).

Significant Changes Made by the 2007 Proposed Regulations

    The 2007 Proposed Regulations make several significant changes to 
the Former Regulations, principally with respect to intragroup and 
outbound transactions.
    First, the 2007 Proposed Regulations simplify the mechanics of the 
deemed satisfaction-reissuance model by separating the deemed 
transactions from the actual transaction. In general, the new model 
deems the following sequence of events to occur immediately before, and 
independently of, the actual transaction: (i) the debtor is deemed to 
satisfy the obligation for a cash amount equal to the obligation's fair 
market value, and (ii) the debtor is deemed to immediately reissue the 
obligation to the original creditor for that same cash amount. The 
parties are then treated as engaging in the actual transaction but with 
the new obligation.
    Second, the 2007 Proposed Regulations provide that for transactions 
where it is appropriate to require a deemed satisfaction and 
reissuance, the intercompany obligation generally should be deemed 
satisfied and reissued for its fair market value (rather than issue 
price determined under the original issue discount principles of 
sections 1273 and 1274).
    Third, the 2007 Proposed Regulations narrow the scope of intragroup 
and outbound transactions that trigger the deemed satisfaction-
reissuance model by providing a number of exceptions to its 
application. A deemed satisfaction and reissuance generally is not 
required for these excepted transactions either because it is not 
necessary to apply the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model to carry 
out the purposes of Sec.  1.1502-13(g) or because the burdens 
associated with valuing the obligation or applying the mechanics of the 
deemed satisfaction-reissuance model outweigh the benefits achieved by 
its application.
    Finally, the 2007 Proposed Regulations include two anti-abuse 
rules, the ``material tax benefit rule'' and the ``off-market issuance 
rule,'' which are intended to prevent distortions of consolidated 
taxable income resulting from the shifting of built-in items from 
intercompany obligations, or from the issuance of obligations at a 
materially off-market rate of interest through the manipulation of a 
member's tax attributes or stock basis. These rules are aimed at 
intragroup transactions otherwise excepted from the deemed 
satisfaction-reissuance model (to ensure that the exceptions cannot be 
used to distort consolidated taxable income

[[Page 79325]]

through intragroup transactions) and similar direct lending 
transactions.

General Comments

    In general, commentators have been supportive of the 2007 Proposed 
Regulations, particularly with respect to the simplified mechanics of 
the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model and the availability of 
exceptions to its application. However, concerns have been raised 
regarding the application of the material tax benefit rule and the off-
market issuance rule. The principal comments made with respect to these 
rules and other significant provisions, as well as the changes made in 
the final regulations in response to these comments, are discussed in 
this preamble.

A. Anti-Abuse Rules

    As proposed, the material tax benefit rule generally applies to an 
intragroup assignment or extinguishment otherwise excepted from the 
deemed satisfaction-reissuance model. Under this rule, if, at the time 
of the assignment or extinguishment, it is reasonably foreseeable that 
the shifting of built-in items from an intercompany obligation between 
members will secure a material tax benefit, the intercompany 
transaction will be subject to the deemed satisfaction-reissuance 
model.
    The proposed off-market issuance rule generally applies if an 
intercompany obligation is issued at a materially off-market rate of 
interest, and at the time of issuance, it is reasonably foreseeable 
that the shifting of built-in items from the obligation will secure a 
material tax benefit. In such cases, the intercompany obligation will 
be treated as originally issued for its fair market value, and any 
difference between the amount loaned and the fair market value of the 
obligation will be treated as transferred between the creditor member 
and the debtor member, as appropriate (for example, as a distribution 
or a contribution to capital).
    While acknowledging certain benefits of the ``reasonably 
foreseeable'' test, commentators believed that it would be difficult to 
apply because the results of the test would not be easily determined. 
These commentators suggested that, for purposes of determining the 
applicability of each of the rules, the ``reasonably foreseeable'' test 
be replaced with a test that placed more emphasis on the intent of the 
parties at the time of the transaction (or issuance). Specifically, 
they recommended that the rules apply if ``a principal purpose'' of the 
transaction (or the issuance) was to secure a material tax benefit. If 
such a test were adopted, the commentators also thought it appropriate 
to provide certain pro-government presumptions in cases where the facts 
surrounding the transaction suggested such intent.
    These final regulations adopt the commentators' suggestions that 
the rules should be ``intent-based.'' However, consistent with other 
consolidated return anti-abuse rules, these final regulations provide 
that the rules' application will be determined based upon a ``with a 
view'' standard and eliminate the requirement that the tax benefit to 
be secured by the transaction (or issuance) be material. In addition, 
because the IRS and the Treasury Department remain concerned about 
distortions that could result from transfers of intercompany 
obligations in section 351 exchanges that are excepted from the deemed 
satisfaction and reissuance model, these final regulations also adopt 
more specific rules regarding such transfers (described in part C.3.a. 
of this Preamble).

B. Deemed Satisfaction and Reissuance for Fair Market Value

    Commentators were generally supportive of the 2007 Proposed 
Regulations' use of fair market value as the amount for which an 
intercompany obligation is deemed satisfied and reissued. However, 
commentators also noted the difficulty in valuing intercompany 
obligations. Based upon these comments, the IRS and the Treasury 
Department are continuing to study whether it is appropriate to include 
certain simplifying presumptions in determining value, and comments are 
requested in this regard.

C. Exceptions and Related Provisions

1. Overlap of Exceptions and Deemed Exchanges Under Sec.  1.1001-3
    The 2007 Proposed Regulations provide a number of special rules for 
transactions in which intercompany debt is exchanged for newly issued 
intercompany debt. With respect to these intragroup debt-for-debt 
exchanges, the newly issued obligation generally is treated as issued 
for its fair market value, and the intercompany debt is deemed 
satisfied and reissued for its fair market value.
    Commentators questioned whether this latter rule applied only in 
cases in which the intragroup debt-for-debt exchange involved a single 
issuer or also in cases in which the obligations had different issuers. 
The requirement is intended to apply in both such cases. Because the 
language of the 2007 Proposed Regulations encompasses both of these 
situations, this rule has been retained without change.
    However, the 2007 Proposed Regulations also contain an exception to 
the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model for certain routine debt 
modifications involving a single issuer (the routine modification 
exception). This exception applies if all of the rights and obligations 
under an intercompany obligation are extinguished in an exchange (or 
deemed exchange under Sec.  1.1001-3) for a newly issued intercompany 
obligation, and the issue price of the new obligation equals both the 
adjusted issue price and basis of the extinguished obligation.
    In addition to the routine modification exception, the 2007 
Proposed Regulations except from the deemed satisfaction-reissuance 
model many transactions that involve the assumption of a debtor 
member's obligations under an intercompany obligation (for example, an 
assumption of an intercompany obligation in connection with an 
intercompany nonrecognition transaction). A number of commentators 
noted that, in some cases, these assumption transactions also may be a 
significant modification of the instrument resulting in a deemed 
exchange under Sec.  1.1001-3. In such cases, commentators questioned 
how the deemed exchange interacted with the various exceptions to the 
deemed satisfaction-reissuance model.
    The IRS and the Treasury Department believe that a deemed exchange 
under Sec.  1.1001-3 that results from an assumption transaction should 
be subject to the same set of rules and exceptions as apply to an 
actual two-party exchange of a debt instrument. Thus, even if the 
assumption transaction is excepted from the deemed satisfaction-
reissuance model, any deemed exchange resulting from the assumption 
would be a triggering transaction potentially subject to the model. 
However, in most such cases the deemed exchange will generally qualify 
for the routine modification exception and thus not require a deemed 
satisfaction-reissuance.
    Accordingly, these final regulations clarify that the routine 
modification exception applies to a deemed exchange of intercompany 
debt for intercompany debt that occurs under Sec.  1.1001-3 as a result 
of an assumption transaction. Specifically, these final regulations 
provide that, solely for purposes of this exception, a newly issued 
intercompany obligation will include an obligation that is issued (or 
deemed issued) by a member other than the original debtor if such other 
member assumes the original debtor's obligations in certain excepted 
transactions (intercompany nonrecognition exchanges or

[[Page 79326]]

intercompany taxable assumption transactions), and the assumption 
results in a significant modification and deemed exchange under Sec.  
1.1001-3.
2. Exception for Intercompany Taxable Assumption Transactions
    The 2007 Proposed Regulations provide an exception to the 
application of the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model for certain 
intercompany sales or dispositions of assets where intercompany 
obligations are assumed as part of the transaction. This exception was 
intended to apply only in the case of a taxable sale (or other taxable 
disposition) of assets. Commentators noted, however, that the 2007 
Proposed Regulations may be read to apply to nonrecognition 
transactions as well as taxable transactions. The IRS and the Treasury 
Department agree with the commentators and have revised the regulation 
to reflect its intended scope. However, as discussed in this preamble, 
these final regulations also clarify that the exception for certain 
section 351 nonrecognition exchanges is available for transactions in 
which a debtor's obligation is assumed.
3. Intercompany Nonrecognition Exchange Exceptions
    The 2007 Proposed Regulations provide an exception to the deemed 
satisfaction-reissuance model for intercompany exchanges to which 
section 332 or 361 apply if neither the creditor nor the debtor 
recognize an amount of income, gain, deduction, or loss in the 
transaction, or in intercompany exchanges to which section 351 applies 
if no such amount is recognized by the creditor.
a. Section 351 Exception
    Commentators questioned whether the exception for section 351 
exchanges is available only for transactions in which a creditor 
assigns an intercompany obligation or if it also is available for 
transactions in which a debtor's obligation under an intercompany 
obligation is assumed. The exception is intended to apply to both such 
transactions. Consistent with the exception for intercompany exchanges 
under section 332 and section 361, these final regulations revise the 
exception for intercompany exchanges under section 351 by providing 
that it will apply only if neither the creditor nor the debtor 
recognizes an amount.
    In addition, because the IRS and the Treasury Department believe 
that the assignment by a creditor of an intercompany obligation in an 
intercompany section 351 exchange presents significant potential for 
distortion, these final regulations limit the availability of the 
exception for certain of these section 351 transactions. These 
transactions generally involve exchanges where the transferor or 
transferee member has a unique tax attribute or special status, where 
the transferee member issues preferred stock in the exchange, or where 
the stock of the transferee member (or the stock of a direct or 
indirect owner of the transferee member) is disposed of within a short 
period after the exchange.
b. Scope of Exception Under Section 332.
    With respect to intercompany exchanges under section 332, 
commentators requested clarification as to the scope of the exception, 
particularly with respect to the requirement that no amount be 
recognized in the exchange. Accordingly, these final regulations revise 
the exception to provide that it applies to exchanges to which both 
section 332 and section 337(a) apply in which no amount is recognized 
by either the creditor or debtor member.
c. Gain or Loss With Respect to an Intercompany Obligation.
    The exception to the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model for 
intercompany exchanges under sections 332, 351, and 361 generally is 
available if no amount of income, gain, deduction or loss is 
recognized. Commentators questioned whether this exception was 
available only where the amount recognized was with respect to the 
intercompany obligation. The requirement that no amount be recognized 
in the exchange applies to amounts recognized with respect to all 
assets. In exchanges where amounts are recognized, the fair market 
value of all assets (including the intercompany obligation) must be 
determined. In such cases, the IRS and the Treasury Department do not 
believe it is unduly burdensome to require a deemed satisfaction and 
reissuance. Accordingly, these final regulations retain the language of 
the 2007 Proposed Regulations.
4. Outbound Exception for Intercompany Obligations Newly-Issued in a 
Reorganization
    The 2007 Proposed Regulations provide an exception to the deemed 
satisfaction-reissuance model for the outbound transfer of an 
intercompany obligation that is newly issued in an intragroup 
reorganization and pursuant to the plan of reorganization, is 
distributed to a nonmember shareholder or creditor in a transaction to 
which section 361(c) applies. Commentators generally supported this 
exception but also suggested that, under similar circumstances, an 
exception be added to apply to certain intercompany distributions of an 
intercompany obligation if the obligation is transferred outside of the 
group within a relatively short period of time.
    The IRS and the Treasury Department are continuing to study the 
effects of the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model on such 
intercompany distributions in conjunction with a broader study 
regarding the interaction of section 361 and the intercompany 
transaction rules. Accordingly, these final regulations do not include 
the suggested exception. However, the IRS and the Treasury Department 
request further comments in this regard.
5. Exceptions to the Application of Section 108(e)(4)
    The 2007 Proposed Regulations retain the exceptions in the Former 
Regulations for transactions involving an obligation that becomes (in 
the context of an inbound transaction) or became (in the context of an 
intragroup or outbound transaction), an intercompany obligation by 
reason of an event described in Sec.  1.108-2(e). In general, these 
events are: (1) Acquisitions of indebtedness with a stated maturity 
date within one year of the acquisition date if the indebtedness is 
retired on or before that date (the ``short-term debt exception''); and 
(2) acquisitions of indebtedness by a dealer that acquires and disposes 
of the indebtedness in the ordinary course of its business of dealing 
in securities (the ``dealer exception'').
    The short-term debt exception is premised upon the view that 
imposition of the deemed satisfaction-reissuance model is unwarranted 
because the indebtedness would be retired within the short term by its 
own terms (and the retirement would produce the same results as that of 
the deemed satisfaction and reissuance). With respect to the dealer 
exception, because the indebtedness' status as an intercompany 
obligation is likely transitory, the burden associated with the deemed 
satisfaction-reissuance model does not warrant its application.
    One commentator questioned whether the short-term debt exception is 
appropriate because the intragroup retirement of the instrument may 
produce items that differ in character from those that would be 
obtained if the instrument were subject to the deemed satisfaction-
reissuance model upon entering the group. For example, if a

[[Page 79327]]

depreciated obligation is deemed satisfied and reissued immediately 
after it enters the group, the attributes of the creditor's loss and 
the debtor's discharge of indebtedness income are determined on a 
separate entity basis. However, if the instrument is excepted from the 
deemed satisfaction-reissuance model when it enters the group, the 
subsequent retirement of the note may result, arguably, in a character 
match of the creditor's and debtor's items. In cases where the adjusted 
issue price and basis of the note differ in amount, the potential for 
differing results is amplified. Therefore, the IRS and the Treasury 
Department agree that the short term debt exceptions for both inbound 
and intragroup transactions should be eliminated in these final 
regulations. The dealer exception has been retained in these final 
regulations.
    Consistent with the Former Regulations' treatment of inbound 
transactions, the 2007 Proposed Regulations treat the attributes of the 
debtor and creditor member's items from the deemed satisfaction on a 
separate entity basis. The IRS and the Treasury Department continue to 
believe that separate entity treatment is appropriate for such inbound 
transactions.

Special Analyses

    It has been determined that this Treasury decision is not a 
significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866. 
Therefore, a regulatory assessment is not required. It is hereby 
certified that these regulations do not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. This certification is 
based on the fact that these regulations primarily affect affiliated 
groups of corporations that have elected to file consolidated returns, 
which tend to be larger businesses, and, moreover, that any burden on 
taxpayers is minimal. Therefore, a Regulatory Flexibility Analysis 
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) is not 
required. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Internal Revenue Code, the 
notice of proposed rulemaking preceding these regulations was submitted 
to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration 
for comment on its impact on small business.

Drafting Information

    The principal author of these regulations is Frances Kelly, Office 
of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate). However, other personnel from 
the IRS and the Treasury Department participated in their development.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1

    Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations

0
Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is amended as follows:

PART 1--INCOME TAXES

0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read in 
part as follows:

    Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805. * * *
    Sections 1.1502-13 and 1.1502-28 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 1502. 
* * *


0
Par. 2. Section 1.1502-13 is amended by:
0
1. Revising the heading and the entries for Sec.  1.1502-13(g)(5) in 
paragraph (a)(6)(ii).
0
2. Revising the first sentence of paragraph (e)(2)(i).
0
3. Revising paragraph (g).

0
4. Removing paragraph (j)(9) Example (5)(c).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  1.1502-13  Intercompany transactions.

    (a) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    Obligations of members. (Sec.  1.1502-13(g)(7)(ii))
    Example 1. Interest on intercompany obligation.
    Example 2. Intercompany obligation becomes nonintercompany 
obligation.
    Example 3. Loss or bad debt deduction with respect to intercompany 
obligation.
    Example 4. Intercompany nonrecognition transactions.
    Example 5. Assumption of intercompany obligation.
    Example 6. Extinguishment of intercompany obligation.
    Example 7. Exchange of intercompany obligations.
    Example 8. Tax benefit rule.
    Example 9. Issuance at off-market rate of interest.
    Example 10. Nonintercompany obligation becomes intercompany 
obligation.
    Example 11. Notional principal contracts.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) * * * (i) * * * Except as provided in paragraph (g)(4)(v) of 
this section (deferral of items from an intercompany obligation), a 
member's addition to, or reduction of, a reserve for bad debts that is 
maintained under section 585 is taken into account on a separate entity 
basis. * * *
* * * * *
    (g) Obligations of members--(1) In general. In addition to the 
general rules of this section, the rules of this paragraph (g) apply to 
intercompany obligations.
    (2) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following 
definitions apply--
    (i) Obligation of a member is a debt or security of a member.
    (A) Debt of a member is any obligation of the member constituting 
indebtedness under general principles of Federal income tax law (for 
example, under nonstatutory authorities, or under section 108, section 
163, or Sec.  1.1275-1(d)), but not an executory obligation to purchase 
or provide goods or services.
    (B) Security of a member is any security of the member described in 
section 475(c)(2)(D) or (E), and any commodity of the member described 
in section 475(e)(2)(A), (B), or (C), but not if the security or 
commodity is a position with respect to the member's stock. See 
paragraphs (f)(4) and (f)(6) of this section for special rules 
applicable to positions with respect to a member's stock.
    (ii) Intercompany obligation is an obligation between members, but 
only for the period during which both parties are members.
    (iii) Intercompany obligation subgroup is comprised of two or more 
members that include the creditor and debtor on an intercompany 
obligation if the creditor and debtor bear the relationship described 
in section 1504(a)(1) to each other through an intercompany obligation 
subgroup parent.
    (iv) Intercompany obligation subgroup parent is the corporation 
(including either the creditor or debtor) that bears the same 
relationship to the other members of the intercompany obligation 
subgroup as a common parent bears to the members of a consolidated 
group. Any reference to an intercompany obligation subgroup parent 
includes, as the context may require, a reference to a predecessor or 
successor. For this purpose, a predecessor is a transferor of assets to 
a transferee (the successor) in a transaction to which section 381(a) 
applies.
    (v) Tax benefit is the benefit of, for Federal tax purposes, a net 
reduction in income or gain, or a net increase in loss, deduction, 
credit, or allowance. A tax benefit includes, but is not limited to, 
the use of a built-in item or items from an intercompany obligation to 
reduce gain or increase loss on the sale of member stock, or to create 
or absorb a tax attribute of a member or subgroup.

[[Page 79328]]

    (vi) Eighty-percent chain is a chain of two or more corporations in 
which stock meeting the requirements of section 1504(a)(2) of each 
lower-tier member is held directly by a higher-tier member of such 
chain.
    (3) Deemed satisfaction and reissuance of intercompany obligations 
in triggering transactions--(i) Scope--(A) Triggering transactions. For 
purposes of this paragraph (g)(3), a triggering transaction includes 
the following:
    (1) Assignment and extinguishment transactions. Any intercompany 
transaction in which a member realizes an amount, directly or 
indirectly, from the assignment or extinguishment of all or part of its 
remaining rights or obligations under an intercompany obligation or any 
comparable transaction in which a member realizes any such amount, 
directly or indirectly, from an intercompany obligation (for example, a 
mark to fair market value of an obligation or a bad debt deduction). 
However, a reduction of the basis of an intercompany obligation 
pursuant to Sec.  1.1502-36(d) (attribute reduction to prevent 
duplication of loss), or pursuant to sections 108 and 1017 and Sec.  
1.1502-28 (basis reductions upon the exclusion from gross income of 
discharge of indebtedness) or any other provision that adjusts the 
basis of an intercompany obligation as a substitute for income, gain, 
deduction, or loss, is not a comparable transaction.
    (2) Outbound transactions. Any transaction in which an intercompany 
obligation becomes an obligation that is not an intercompany 
obligation.
    (B) Exceptions. Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3)(i)(C) of 
this section, a transaction is not a triggering transaction as 
described in paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A) of this section if any of the 
exceptions in this paragraph (g)(3)(i)(B) apply. In making this 
determination, if a creditor or debtor realizes an amount in a 
transaction in which a creditor assigns all or part of its rights under 
an intercompany obligation to the debtor, or a debtor assigns all of or 
part of its obligations under an intercompany obligation to the 
creditor, the transaction will be treated as an extinguishment and will 
be excepted from the definition of ``triggering transaction'' only if 
either of the exceptions in paragraphs (g)(3)(i)(B)(5) or (6) of this 
section apply. The exceptions are as follows.
    (1) Intercompany section 361, 332, or 351 exchange. The transaction 
is an intercompany exchange to which section 361(a), sections 332 and 
337(a), or (except as provided in the following sentence) section 351 
applies in which no amount of income, gain, deduction or loss is 
recognized by the creditor or debtor. The assignment of an intercompany 
obligation by a creditor member in an intercompany exchange to which 
section 351 applies is a triggering transaction, notwithstanding the 
preceding sentence, if a member of the group is described in, or 
engages in a transaction that is described in, any of the following 
paragraphs.
    (i) The transferor or transferee member has a loss subject to a 
limitation (for example, a loss from a separate return limitation year 
that is subject to limitation under Sec.  1.1502-21(c), or a dual 
consolidated loss that is subject to limitation under Sec.  1.1503(d)-
4), but only if the other member is not subject to a comparable 
limitation;
    (ii) The transferor or transferee member has a special status 
within the meaning of Sec.  1.1502-13(c)(5) (for example, a bank 
defined in section 581, or a life insurance company subject to tax 
under section 801) that the other member does not also possess;
    (iii) A member of the group realizes discharge of indebtedness 
income that is excluded from gross income under section 108(a) within 
the same taxable year as that of the exchange, and the tax attributes 
attributable to either the transferor or the transferee member are 
reduced under sections 108, 1017, and Sec.  1.1502-28 (except if the 
attribute reduction results solely from the application of Sec.  
1.1502-28(a)(4) (reduction of certain tax attributes attributable to 
other members));
    (iv) The transferee member has a nonmember shareholder;
    (v) The transferee member issues preferred stock to the transferor 
member in exchange for the assignment of the intercompany obligation; 
or
    (vi) The stock of the transferee member (or a higher-tier member 
other than a higher-tier member of an 80-percent chain that includes 
the transferee) is disposed of within 12 months from the assignment of 
the intercompany obligation, unless at the time of the assignment, the 
transferor member, transferee member (or in the case of successive 
section 351 exchanges, each transferor and transferee member) and the 
debtor member are all in the same 80-percent chain; and all of the 
stock of the transferee (or in the case of successive section 351 
exchanges, the lowest-tier transferee) held by members of the group is 
disposed of as part of the same plan or arrangement, either directly or 
indirectly, to persons that are not members of the group.
    (2) Intercompany assumption transaction. All of the debtor's 
obligations under an intercompany obligation are assumed in connection 
with the debtor's sale or other disposition of property (other than 
solely money) in an intercompany transaction in which gain or loss is 
recognized under section 1001.
    (3) Exception to the application of section 108(e)(4). The 
obligation became an intercompany obligation by reason of an event 
described in Sec.  1.108-2(e)(2) (exception to the application of 
section 108(e)(4) in the case of acquisitions by securities dealers).
    (4) Reserve accounting. The amount realized is from reserve 
accounting under section 585 (see paragraph (g)(4)(v) of this section 
for special rules).
    (5) Intercompany extinguishment transaction. All or part of the 
rights and obligations under the intercompany obligation are 
extinguished in an intercompany transaction (other than an exchange or 
deemed exchange of an intercompany obligation for a newly issued 
intercompany obligation), the adjusted issue price of the obligation is 
equal to the creditor's basis in the obligation, and the debtor's 
corresponding item and the creditor's intercompany item (after taking 
into account the special rules of paragraph (g)(4)(i)(C) of this 
section) with respect to the obligation offset in amount.
    (6) Routine modification of intercompany obligation. All of the 
rights and obligations under the intercompany obligation are 
extinguished in an intercompany transaction that is an exchange (or 
deemed exchange) for a newly issued intercompany obligation, and the 
issue price of the newly issued obligation equals both the adjusted 
issue price of the extinguished obligation and the creditor's basis in 
the extinguished obligation. Solely for purposes of the preceding 
sentence, a newly issued intercompany obligation includes an obligation 
that is issued (or deemed issued) by a member other than the original 
debtor if such other member assumes the original debtor's obligations 
under the original obligation in a transaction that is described in 
either paragraph (g)(3)(i)(B)(1) or (g)(3)(i)(B)(2) of this section and 
the assumption results in a significant modification of the original 
obligation under Sec.  1.1001-3(e)(4) and a deemed exchange under Sec.  
1.1001-3(b).
    (7) Outbound distribution of newly issued intercompany obligation. 
The intercompany obligation becomes an obligation that is not an 
intercompany obligation in a transaction in which a member that is a 
party to the reorganization exchanges property in pursuance of the plan 
of reorganization

[[Page 79329]]

for a newly issued intercompany obligation of another member that is a 
party to the reorganization and distributes such intercompany 
obligation to a nonmember shareholder or nonmember creditor in a 
transaction to which section 361(c) applies.
    (8) Outbound subgroup exception. The intercompany obligation 
becomes an obligation that is not an intercompany obligation in a 
transaction in which the members of an intercompany obligation subgroup 
cease to be members of a consolidated group, neither the creditor nor 
the debtor recognize any income, gain, deduction, or loss with respect 
to the intercompany obligation, and such members constitute an 
intercompany obligation subgroup of another consolidated group 
immediately after the transaction.
    (C) Tax benefit rule. If an assignment or extinguishment of an 
intercompany obligation in an intercompany transaction is otherwise 
excepted from the definition of triggering transaction under paragraph 
(g)(3)(i)(B)(1), (2), (5), or (6) of this section (and not also under 
paragraph (g)(3)(i)(B)(3) or (4) of this section), and the assignment 
or extinguishment is engaged in with a view to shift items of built-in 
gain, loss, income, or deduction from the obligation from one member to 
another member in order to secure a tax benefit (as defined in 
paragraph (g)(2)(v) of this section) that the group or its members 
would not otherwise enjoy in a consolidated or separate return year, 
then the assignment or extinguishment will be a triggering transaction 
to which paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section applies.
    (ii) Application of deemed satisfaction and reissuance. This 
paragraph (g)(3)(ii) applies if a triggering transaction occurs.
    (A) General rule. If the intercompany obligation is debt of a 
member, then (except as provided in the following sentence) the debt is 
treated for all Federal income tax purposes as having been satisfied by 
the debtor for cash in an amount equal to its fair market value, and 
then as having been reissued as a new obligation (with a new holding 
period but otherwise identical terms) for the same amount of cash, 
immediately before the triggering transaction. However, if the creditor 
realizes an amount with respect to the debt in the triggering 
transaction that differs from the debt's fair market value, and the 
triggering transaction is not an exchange (or deemed exchange) of debt 
of a member for newly issued debt of a member, then the debt is treated 
for all Federal income tax purposes as having been satisfied by the 
debtor for cash in an amount equal to such amount realized, and 
reissued as a new obligation (with a new holding period but otherwise 
identical terms) for the same amount of cash, immediately before the 
triggering transaction. If the triggering transaction is a mark to fair 
market value under section 475, then the intercompany obligation will 
be deemed satisfied and reissued for its fair market value (as 
determined under section 475 and applicable regulations) and section 
475 will not otherwise apply with respect to that triggering 
transaction. If the intercompany obligation is a security of a member, 
similar principles apply (with appropriate adjustments) to treat the 
security as having been satisfied and reissued immediately before the 
triggering transaction.
    (B) Treatment as separate transaction. The deemed satisfaction and 
deemed reissuance are treated as transactions separate and apart from 
the triggering transaction. The deemed satisfaction and reissuance of a 
member's debt will not cause the debt to be recharacterized as other 
than debt for Federal income tax purposes.
    (4) Special rules--(i) Timing and attributes. For purposes of 
applying the matching rule and the acceleration rule to a transaction 
involving an intercompany obligation (other than a transaction to which 
paragraph (g)(5) of this section applies)--
    (A) Paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section (treatment of intercompany 
items if corresponding items are excluded or nondeductible) will not 
apply to exclude any amount of income or gain attributable to a 
reduction of the basis of the intercompany obligation pursuant to Sec.  
1.1502-36(d), or pursuant to sections 108 and 1017 and Sec.  1.1502-28 
or any other provision that adjusts the basis of an intercompany 
obligation as a substitute for income or gain;
    (B) Paragraph (c)(6)(ii) of this section (limitation on treatment 
of intercompany income or gain as excluded from gross income) does not 
apply to prevent any intercompany income or gain from the intercompany 
obligation from being excluded from gross income;
    (C) Any income, gain, deduction, or loss from the intercompany 
obligation is not subject to section 108(a), section 354, section 
355(a)(1), section 1091, or, in the case of an extinguishment of an 
intercompany obligation in a transaction in which the creditor 
transfers the obligation to the debtor in exchange for stock in such 
debtor, section 351(a); and
    (D) Section 108(e)(7) does not apply upon the extinguishment of an 
intercompany obligation.
    (ii) Newly issued obligation in intercompany exchange. If an 
intercompany obligation is exchanged (or is deemed exchanged) for a 
newly issued intercompany obligation and the exchange (or deemed 
exchange) is not a routine modification of an intercompany obligation 
(as described in paragraph (g)(3)(i)(B)(6) of this section), then the 
newly issued obligation will be treated for all Federal income tax 
purposes as having an issue price equal to its fair market value.
    (iii) Off-market issuance. If an intercompany obligation is issued 
at a rate of interest that is materially off-market (off-market 
obligation) with a view to shift items of built-in gain, loss, income, 
or deduction from the obligation from one member to another member in 
order to secure a tax benefit (as defined in paragraph (g)(2)(v) of 
this section), then the intercompany obligation will be treated, for 
all Federal income tax purposes, as originally issued for its fair 
market value, and any difference between the amount loaned and the fair 
market value of the obligation will be treated as transferred between 
the creditor and the debtor at the time the obligation is issued. For 
example, if S lends $100 to B in return for an off-market B note valued 
at $130, and the note is issued with a view to shift items from the 
note to secure a tax benefit, then the B note will be treated as issued 
for $130. The $30 difference will be treated as a distribution or 
capital contribution between S and B (as appropriate) at the time of 
issuance, and this amount will be reflected in future payments on the 
note as bond issuance premium. An adjustment to an off-market 
obligation under this paragraph (g)(4)(iii) will be made without regard 
to the application of, and in lieu of any adjustment under, section 467 
(certain payments for the use of property or services), 482 
(allocations among commonly controlled taxpayers), 483 (interest on 
certain deferred payments), 1274 (determination of issue price for 
certain debt instruments issued for property), or 7872 (treatment of 
loans with below-market interest rates).
    (iv) Deferral of loss or deduction with respect to nonmember 
indebtedness acquired in certain debt exchanges. If a creditor 
transfers an intercompany obligation to a nonmember (former 
intercompany obligation) in exchange for newly issued debt of a 
nonmember (nonmember debt), and the issue price of the nonmember debt 
is not determined by reference to its fair market value (for example, 
the issue price is determined under section 1273(b)(4) or 1274(a) or 
any other provision of applicable law), then any

[[Page 79330]]

loss of the creditor otherwise allowable on the subsequent disposition 
of the nonmember debt, or any comparable tax benefit that would 
otherwise be available in any other transaction that directly or 
indirectly results from the disposition of the nonmember debt, is 
deferred until the date the debtor retires the former intercompany 
obligation.
    (v) Bad debt reserve. A member's deduction under section 585 for an 
addition to its reserve for bad debts with respect to an intercompany 
obligation is not taken into account, and is not treated as realized 
for purposes of paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(1) of this section, until the 
intercompany obligation is extinguished or becomes an obligation that 
is not an intercompany obligation.
    (5) Deemed satisfaction and reissuance of obligations becoming 
intercompany obligations--(i) Application of deemed satisfaction and 
reissuance--(A) In general. This paragraph (g)(5) applies if an 
obligation that is not an intercompany obligation becomes an 
intercompany obligation.
    (B) Exceptions. This paragraph (g)(5) does not apply to an 
intercompany obligation if either of the following exceptions apply.
    (1) Exception to the application of section 108(e)(4). The 
obligation becomes an intercompany obligation by reason of an event 
described in Sec.  1.108-2(e)(2) (exception to the application of 
section 108(e)(4) in the case of acquisitions by securities dealers); 
or
    (2) Inbound subgroup exception. The obligation becomes an 
intercompany obligation in a transaction in which the members of an 
intercompany obligation subgroup cease to be members of a consolidated 
group, neither the creditor nor the debtor recognize any income, gain, 
deduction, or loss with respect to the intercompany obligation, and 
such members constitute an intercompany obligation subgroup of another 
consolidated group immediately after the transaction.
    (ii) Deemed satisfaction and reissuance--(A) General rule. If the 
intercompany obligation is debt of a member, then the debt is treated 
for all Federal income tax purposes, immediately after it becomes an 
intercompany obligation, as having been satisfied by the debtor for 
cash in an amount determined under the principles of Sec.  1.108-2(f), 
and then as having been reissued as a new obligation (with a new 
holding period but otherwise identical terms) for the same amount of 
cash. If the intercompany obligation is a security of a member, similar 
principles apply (with appropriate adjustments) to treat the security, 
immediately after it becomes an intercompany obligation, as satisfied 
and reissued by the debtor for cash in an amount equal to its fair 
market value.
    (B) Treatment as separate transaction. The deemed satisfaction and 
deemed reissuance are treated as transactions separate and apart from 
the transaction in which the debt becomes an intercompany obligation, 
and the tax consequences of the transaction in which the debt becomes 
an intercompany obligation must be determined before the deemed 
satisfaction and reissuance occurs. (For example, if the debt becomes 
an intercompany obligation in a transaction to which section 351 
applies, any limitation imposed by section 362(e) on the basis of the 
intercompany obligation in the hands of the transferee member is 
determined before the deemed satisfaction and reissuance.) The deemed 
satisfaction and reissuance of a member's debt will not cause the debt 
to be recharacterized as other than debt for Federal income tax 
purposes.
    (6) Special rules--(i) Timing and attributes. If paragraph (g)(5) 
of this section applies to an intercompany obligation--
    (A) Section 108(e)(4) does not apply;
    (B) The attributes of all items taken into account from the 
satisfaction of the intercompany obligation are determined on a 
separate entity basis, rather than by treating S and B as divisions of 
a single corporation; and
    (C) Any intercompany gain or loss realized by the creditor is not 
subject to section 354 or section 1091.
    (ii) Waiver of loss carryovers from separate return limitation 
years. Solely for purposes of Sec.  1.1502-32(b)(4) and the effect of 
any election under that provision, any loss taken into account under 
paragraph (g)(5) of this section by a corporation that becomes a member 
as a result of the transaction in which the obligation becomes an 
intercompany obligation is treated as a loss carryover from a separate 
return limitation year.
    (iii) Deduction of repurchase premium in certain debt exchanges. If 
an obligation to which paragraph (g)(5) of this section applies is 
acquired in exchange for the issuance of an obligation to a nonmember 
and the issue price of this newly issued obligation is not determined 
by reference to its fair market value (for example, the issue price is 
determined under section 1273(b)(4) or 1274(a) or any other provision 
of applicable law), then, under the principles of Sec.  1.163-7(c), any 
repurchase premium from the deemed satisfaction of the intercompany 
obligation under paragraph (g)(5)(ii) of this section will be amortized 
by the debtor over the term of the obligation issued to the nonmember 
in the same manner as if it were original issue discount and the 
obligation to the nonmember had been issued directly by the debtor.
    (7) Examples--(i) In general. For purposes of the examples in this 
paragraph (g), unless otherwise stated, interest is qualified stated 
interest under Sec.  1.1273-1(c), and the intercompany obligations are 
capital assets and are not subject to section 475.
    (ii) The application of this section to obligations of members is 
illustrated by the following examples:

    Example 1. Interest on intercompany obligation. (i) Facts. On 
January 1 of year 1, B borrows $100 from S in return for B's note 
providing for $10 of interest annually at the end of each year, and 
repayment of $100 at the end of year 5. B fully performs its 
obligations. Under their separate entity methods of accounting, B 
accrues a $10 interest deduction annually under section 163, and S 
accrues $10 of interest income annually under section 61(a)(4) and 
Sec.  1.446-2.
    (ii) Matching rule. Under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the 
accrual of interest on B's note is an intercompany transaction. 
Under the matching rule, S takes its $10 of income into account in 
each of years 1 through 5 to reflect the $10 difference between B's 
$10 of interest expense taken into account and the $0 recomputed 
expense. S's income and B's deduction are ordinary items. (Because 
S's intercompany item and B's corresponding item would both be 
ordinary on a separate entity basis, the attributes are not 
redetermined under paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section.)
    (iii) Original issue discount. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (i) of this Example 1, except that B borrows $90 (rather 
than $100) from S in return for B's note providing for $10 of 
interest annually and repayment of $100 at the end of year 5. The 
principles described in paragraph (ii) of this Example 1 for stated 
interest also apply to the $10 of original issue discount. Thus, as 
B takes into account its corresponding expense under section 163(e), 
S takes into account its intercompany income under section 1272. S's 
income and B's deduction are ordinary items.
    (iv) Tax-exempt income. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(i) of this Example 1, except that B's borrowing from S is allocable 
under section 265 to B's purchase of state and local bonds to which 
section 103 applies. The timing of S's income is the same as in 
paragraph (ii) of this Example 1. Under paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this 
section, the attributes of B's corresponding item of disallowed 
interest expense control the attributes of S's offsetting 
intercompany interest income. Paragraph (c)(6) of this section does 
not prevent the redetermination of S's intercompany item as excluded 
from gross income because section 265(a)(2) permanently and 
explicitly disallows B's corresponding deduction and because, under 
paragraph (g)(4)(i)(B) of this section, paragraph (c)(6)(ii) of this 
section does not

[[Page 79331]]

apply to prevent any intercompany income from the B note from being 
excluded from gross income. Accordingly, S's intercompany income is 
treated as excluded from gross income.
    Example 2. Intercompany obligation becomes nonintercompany 
obligation. (i) Facts. On January 1 of year 1, B borrows $100 from S 
in return for B's note providing for $10 of interest annually at the 
end of each year, and repayment of $100 at the end of year 5. As of 
January 1 of year 3, B has paid the interest accruing under the note 
and S sells B's note to X for $70, reflecting an increase in 
prevailing market interest rates. B is never insolvent within the 
meaning of section 108(d)(3).
    (ii) Deemed satisfaction and reissuance. Because the B note 
becomes an obligation that is not an intercompany obligation, the 
transaction is a triggering transaction under paragraph 
(g)(3)(i)(A)(2) of this section. Under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this 
section, B's note is treated as satisfied and reissued for its fair 
market value of $70 immediately before S's sale to X. As a result of 
the deemed satisfaction of the note for less than its adjusted issue 
price, B takes into account $30 of discharge of indebtedness income 
under Sec.  1.61-12. On a separate entity basis, S's $30 loss would 
be a capital loss under section 1271(a)(1). Under the matching rule, 
however, the attributes of S's intercompany item and B's 
corresponding item must be redetermined to produce the same effect 
as if the transaction had occurred between divisions of a single 
corporation. Under paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, the 
attributes of B's $30 of discharge of indebtedness income control 
the attributes of S's loss. Thus, S's loss is treated as ordinary 
loss. B is also treated as reissuing, immediately after the 
satisfaction, a new note to S with a $70 issue price, a $100 stated 
redemption price at maturity, and a $70 basis in the hands of S. S 
is then treated as selling the new note to X for the $70 received by 
S in the actual transaction. Because S has a basis of $70 in the new 
note, S recognizes no gain or loss from the sale to X. After the 
sale, the new note held by X is not an intercompany obligation, it 
has a $70 issue price, a $100 stated redemption price at maturity, 
and a $70 basis. The $30 of original issue discount will be taken 
into account by B and X under sections 163(e) and 1272.
    (iii) Creditor deconsolidation. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (i) of this Example 2, except that P sells S's stock to X 
(rather than S selling B's note to X). Because the B note becomes an 
obligation that is not an intercompany obligation, the transaction 
is a triggering transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(2) of this 
section. Under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section, B's note is 
treated as satisfied and reissued for its $70 fair market value 
immediately before S becomes a nonmember. The treatment of S's $30 
of loss and B's $30 of discharge of indebtedness income is the same 
as in paragraph (ii) of this Example 2. The new note held by S upon 
deconsolidation is not an intercompany obligation, it has a $70 
issue price, a $100 stated redemption price at maturity, and a $70 
basis. The $30 of original issue discount will be taken into account 
by B and S under sections 163(e) and 1272.
    (iv) Debtor deconsolidation. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (i) of this Example 2, except that P sells B's stock to X 
(rather than S selling B's note to X). The results to S and B are 
the same as in paragraph (iii) of this Example 2.
    (v) Subgroup exception. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(i) of this Example 2, except that P owns all of the stock of S, S 
owns all of the stock of B, and P sells all of the S stock to X, the 
parent of another consolidated group. Because B and S, members of an 
intercompany obligation subgroup, cease to be members of the P group 
in a transaction that does not cause either member to recognize an 
item with respect to the B note, and such members constitute an 
intercompany obligation subgroup in the X group, P's sale of S stock 
is not a triggering transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(B)(8) of 
this section, and the note is not treated as satisfied and reissued 
under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section. After the sale, the note 
held by S has a $100 issue price, a $100 stated redemption price at 
maturity, and a $100 basis. The results are the same if the S stock 
is sold to an individual and the S-B affiliated group elects to file 
a consolidated return for the period beginning on the day after S 
and B cease to be members of the P group.
    (vi) Section 338 election. The facts are the same as paragraph 
(i) of this Example 2, except that P sells S's stock to X and a 
section 338 election is made with respect to the stock sale. Under 
section 338, S is treated as selling all of its assets to new S, 
including the B note, at the close of the acquisition date. The 
aggregate deemed sales price (within the meaning of Sec.  1.338-4) 
allocated to the B note is $70. Because the B note becomes an 
obligation that is not an intercompany obligation, the transaction 
is a triggering transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(2) of this 
section. Under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section, B's note is 
treated as satisfied and reissued immediately before S's deemed sale 
to new S for $70, the amount realized with respect to the note (the 
aggregate deemed sales price allocated to the note under Sec.  
1.338-6). The results to S and B are the same as in paragraph (ii) 
of this Example 2.
    (vii) Appreciated note. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(i) of this Example 2, except that S sells B's note to X for $130 
(rather than $70), reflecting a decline in prevailing market 
interest rates. Because the B note becomes an obligation that is not 
an intercompany obligation, the transaction is a triggering 
transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(2) of this section. Under 
paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section, B's note is treated as 
satisfied and reissued for its fair market value of $130 immediately 
before S's sale to X. As a result of the deemed satisfaction of the 
note for more than its adjusted issue price, B takes into account 
$30 of repurchase premium under Sec.  1.163-7(c). On a separate 
entity basis, S's $30 gain would be a capital gain under section 
1271(a)(1). Under the matching rule, however, the attributes of S's 
intercompany item and B's corresponding item must be redetermined to 
produce the same effect as if the transaction had occurred between 
divisions of a single corporation. Under paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this 
section, the attributes of B's premium deduction control the 
attributes of S's gain. Accordingly, S's gain is treated as ordinary 
income. B is also treated as reissuing, immediately after the 
satisfaction, a new note to S with a $130 issue price, $100 stated 
redemption price at maturity, and $130 basis in the hands of S. S is 
then treated as selling the new note to X for the $130 received by S 
in the actual transaction. Because S has a basis of $130 in the new 
note, S recognizes no gain or loss from the sale to X. After the 
sale, the new note held by X is not an intercompany obligation, it 
has a $130 issue price, a $100 stated redemption price at maturity, 
and a $130 basis. The treatment of B's $30 of bond issuance premium 
under the new note is determined under Sec.  1.163-13.
    (viii) Deferral of loss or deduction with respect to nonmember 
indebtedness acquired in debt exchange. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (i) of this Example 2, except that S sells B's note to X 
for a non-publicly traded X note with an issue price and face amount 
of $100 and a fair market value of $70, and that, subsequently, S 
sells the X note for $70. Because the B note becomes an obligation 
that is not an intercompany obligation, the transaction is a 
triggering transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(2) of this 
section. Under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section, B's note is 
treated as satisfied and reissued immediately before S's sale to X 
for $100, the amount realized with respect to the note (determined 
under section 1274). As a result of the deemed satisfaction, neither 
S nor B take into account any items of income, gain, deduction, or 
loss. S is then treated as selling the new B note to X for the X 
note received by S in the actual transaction. Because S has a basis 
of $100 in the new note, S recognizes no gain or loss from the sale 
to X. After the sale, the new B note held by X is not an 
intercompany obligation, it has a $100 issue price, a $100 stated 
redemption price at maturity, and a $100 basis. S also holds an X 
note with a basis of $100 but a fair market value of $70. When S 
disposes of the X note, S's loss on the disposition is deferred 
under paragraph (g)(4)(iv) of this section, until B retires its note 
(the former intercompany obligation in the hands of X).
    Example 3. Loss or bad debt deduction with respect to 
intercompany obligation. (i) Facts. On January 1 of year 1, B 
borrows $100 from S in return for B's note providing for $10 of 
interest annually at the end of each year, and repayment of $100 at 
the end of year 5. On January 1 of year 3, the fair market value of 
the B note has declined to $60 and S sells the B note to P for 
property with a fair market value of $60. B is never insolvent 
within the meaning of section 108(d)(3). The B note is not a 
security within the meaning of section 165(g)(2).
    (ii) Deemed satisfaction and reissuance. Because S realizes an 
amount of loss from the assignment of the B note, the transaction is 
a triggering transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(1) of this 
section. Under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section, B's note is 
treated as satisfied and reissued for its fair market value of $60 
immediately before S's

[[Page 79332]]

sale to P. As a result of the deemed satisfaction of the note for 
less than its adjusted issue price ($100), B takes into account $40 
of discharge of indebtedness income under Sec.  1.61-12. On a 
separate entity basis, S's $40 loss would be a capital loss under 
section 1271(a)(1). Under the matching rule, however, the attributes 
of S's intercompany item and B's corresponding item must be 
redetermined to produce the same effect as if the transaction had 
occurred between divisions of a single corporation. Under paragraph 
(c)(4)(i) of this section, the attributes of B's $40 of discharge of 
indebtedness income control the attributes of S's loss. Thus, S's 
loss is treated as ordinary loss. B is also treated as reissuing, 
immediately after the satisfaction, a new note to S with a $60 issue 
price, $100 stated redemption price at maturity, and $60 basis in 
the hands of S. S is then treated as selling the new note to P for 
the $60 of property received by S in the actual transaction. Because 
S has a basis of $60 in the new note, S recognizes no gain or loss 
from the sale to P. After the sale, the note is an intercompany 
obligation, it has a $60 issue price and a $100 stated redemption 
price at maturity, and the $40 of original issue discount will be 
taken into account by B and P under sections 163(e) and 1272.
    (iii) Partial bad debt deduction. The facts are the same as in 
paragraph (i) of this Example 3, except that S claims a $40 partial 
bad debt deduction under section 166(a)(2) (rather than selling the 
note to P). Because S realizes a deduction from a transaction 
comparable to an assignment of the B note, the transaction is a 
triggering transaction under paragraph (g)(3)(i)(A)(1) of this 
section. Under paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section, B's note is 
treated as satisfied and reissued for its fair market value of $60 
immediately before section 166(a)(2) applies. The treatment of S's 
$40 loss and B's $40 of discharge of indebtedness income are the 
same as in paragraph (ii) of this Example 3. After the reissuance, S 
has a basis of $60 in the new note. Accordingly, the application of 
section 166(a)(2) does not result in any additional deduction for S. 
The $40 of original issue discount on the new note will be taken 
into account by B and S under sections 163(e) and 1272.
    (iv) Insolvent debtor. The facts are the same as in paragraph 
(i) of this Example 3, except that B is insolvent within the meaning 
of section 108(d)(3) at the time that S sells the note to P. As 
explained in paragraph (ii) of this Example 3, the transaction is a 
triggering transaction and the B note is treated as satisfied and 
reissued for its fair market value of $60 immediately before S's 
sale to P. On a separate entity basis, S's $40 loss would be 
capital, B's $40 income would be excluded from gross income under 
section 108(a), and B would reduce attributes under section 108(b) 
or section 1017 (see also Sec.  1.1502-28). However, under paragraph 
(g)(4)(i)(C) of this section, section 108(a) does not apply to 
characterize B's income as excluded from gross income. Accordingly, 
the attributes of S's loss and B's income are redetermined in the 
same manner as in paragraph (ii) of this Example 3.
    Example 4. Intercompany nonrecognition transactions. (i) Facts. 
On January 1 of year 1, B borrows $100 from S in return for B's note 
providing for $10 of interest annually at the end of each year, and 
repayment of $100 at the end of year 5. As of January 1 of year 3, B 
has fully performed its obligations, but the note's fair market 
value is $130, reflecting a decline in prevailing market interest 
rates. On January 1 of year 3, S transfers the note and other assets 
to a newly formed corporation, Newco, for all of Newco's common 
stock in an exchange to which section 351 applies.
    (ii) No deemed satisfaction and reissuance. Because the 
assignment of the B note is an exchange to which section 35