Proposed United States Standards for Grades of Olive Oil and Olive-Pomace Oil, 31426-31427 [E8-12226]

Agencies

• Agricultural Marketing Service
• DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 106 (Monday, June 2, 2008)]
[Notices]
[Pages 31426-31427]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-12226]


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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

[Docket : AMS-FV-07-0080; FV-06-326]


Proposed United States Standards for Grades of Olive Oil and 
Olive-Pomace Oil

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) of the Department of 
Agriculture (USDA) is soliciting comments on the proposed revision to 
the United States Standards for Grades of Olive Oil. The proposal 
includes two major groups of oil: ``olive oil,'' produced from olives 
by mechanical means; and ``olive-pomace oil,'' produced using heat and 
a solvent to separate the oil from the olive-pomace remaining after 
olive oil is produced. The proposal includes new product descriptions, 
definitions, and requirements for the following grade designations: 
``U.S. Extra Virgin Olive Oil,'' ``U.S. Virgin Olive Oil,'' ``U.S. 
Lampante Virgin Olive Oil--Not Fit for Human Consumption,'' ``U.S. 
Refined Olive Oil,'' ``U.S. Olive Oil,'' ``U.S. Olive-Pomace Oil,'' 
``U.S. Refined Olive-Pomace Oil,'' and ``U.S. Crude Olive-Pomace Oil.'' 
The proposed revisions to the grade standards are intended to provide a 
uniform language for commerce and the use of the standards would be 
voluntary. The proposed standards include objective criteria for 
determining quality and purity among the grades of olive oil and olive-
pomace oil, thereby facilitating the marketing of olive oil and olive-
pomace oil.

DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before August 1, 2008.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments 
concerning this notice. Written comments may be mailed to Chere L. 
Shorter, Assistant Head, Inspection and Standardization Section, 
Processed Products Branch (PPB), Fruit and Vegetable Programs (FV), 
AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Room 0709, South Building; 
STOP 0247, Washington, DC 20250; telephone: (202) 720-5021; fax: (202) 
690-1527; or Internet: https://www.regulations.gov. The United States 
Standards for Grades of Olive Oil are available either through the 
address cited above or by accessing the AMS website on the Internet at 
https://www.ams.usda.gov/processedinspection. All comments should 
reference the docket number, date, and page number of this issue of the 
Federal Register. Comments will be made available for public inspection 
at the above address during regular business hours, or can be viewed 
at: https://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Chere L. Shorter, Assistant Section 
Head, Inspection and Standardization Section, USDA, AMS, FV, PPB. 
Telephone: (202) 720-5021 or (202) 720-4693.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: AMS is proposing to revise the U.S. 
Standards for Grades of Olive Oil and establish new grade standards for 
Olive-Pomace Oil using the procedures that appear in Part 36 of Title 7 
of the Code of Federal Regulations (7 CFR Part 36).
    Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended, (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627) directs and authorizes the Secretary of 
Agriculture ``to develop and improve standards of quality, condition, 
quantity, grade and packaging, and recommend and demonstrate such 
standards in order to encourage uniformity and consistency in 
commercial practices.'' AMS is committed to carrying out this authority 
in a manner that facilitates the marketing of agricultural commodities 
and makes copies of official standards available upon request. Those 
United States standards for grades of fruits and vegetables no longer 
appear in the Code of Federal Regulations but are now maintained by 
USDA, AMS, FV Programs.

Background

    AMS received a petition from the California Olive Oil Council 
(COOC), an association of olive oil producers, requesting the revision 
of the United States Standards for Grades of Olive Oil to reflect 
current industry standards commonly accepted in the United States and 
abroad.
    The petitioners requested that the U.S. grade standards be revised 
to make them consistent with the International Olive Council (IOC) 
standards for olive and olive-pomace oil. The IOC develops standards of 
quality used by major olive oil producing countries, including Spain, 
Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Turkey. The IOC is an intergovernmental 
organization created by the United Nations that is headquartered in 
Madrid, Spain. It influences the marketing of over 95 percent of the 
world's olive oil production. The United States is not a member of the 
IOC but has observer status.
    The petitioners also requested that no value be provided for 
linolenic acid in the fatty acid profile pending the outcome of a 
review of the appropriate fatty acid limits for linolenic acid by the 
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). The CAC is a United Nations 
organization through which member countries, including the United 
States, formulate and harmonize international food standards. To date, 
the CAC has not made a decision on the appropriate fatty acid limits 
for linolenic acid.
    AMS published a Notice in the November 8, 2004, Federal Register 
(69 FR 64713) with a thirty-day comment period to determine if there 
was an interest in revising the U.S. grade standards in response to the 
request by COOC. Thirty comments were received in response to the 
Federal Register notice. All of the comments are available on the AMS 
Web site located at https://www.ams.usda.gov/processedinspection.
    With one exception, all of the comments agreed that the U.S. grade 
standards should be revised. One commenter, however, wanted the extra 
virgin olive oil free fatty acid level, expressed as oleic acid, to 
remain at a maximum of 1.4 percent, as in the current U.S. grade 
standards for ``U.S. Grade A.'' According to the commenter, virgin 
olive oils produced from old cultivars are naturally high in oleic acid 
content. The commenter was concerned that changing the value would 
force growers to uproot older trees and have to replace their old 
traditional presses. Olive oils extracted from older trees and by 
traditional stone presses have higher oleic acid content than those 
extracted using high speed, stainless steel mills. The commenter also 
stated that growers would be forced to increase pesticide usage because 
the lower free acidity would require a zero tolerance for pest damage.
    Under AMS' proposed U.S. grade standards, a free fatty acid value 
(expressed as oleic acid) of 1.4 percent maximum would be graded as 
``U.S. Virgin Olive Oil'', one grade lower than ``U.S. Extra Virgin 
Olive Oil'', which

[[Page 31427]]

would have a maximum allowable percentage of 0.8 percent free fatty 
acid. The IOC standards include a grade for ``Ordinary Virgin Olive 
Oil.'' AMS excluded this grade because it is not produced or recognized 
as a grade in many countries and has flavor defects that make it 
unpalatable. ``U.S. Lampante Virgin Olive Oil--Not Fit for Human 
Consumption'' will have a free fatty acid value of greater than 2.0 
percent. ``U.S. Virgin Olive Oil'' will have a free fatty acid value of 
not more than 2.0 percent and ``U.S. Extra Virgin Olive Oil'' will have 
a free fatty acid value of not more than 0.8 percent.
    Some commenters were concerned about issues regarding truth in 
labeling and whether the label provides meaningful information. AMS 
notes that labeling issues are under the jurisdiction of the Food and 
Drug Administration.
    Another commenter stated that the food service industry is 
penalized because of the lack of a regulation or standard of identity 
for olive oil, an ingredient used by major food companies. Standards of 
identity are established by the Food and Drug Administration and there 
is currently no regulation or standard of identity for olive oil or 
olive-pomace oil.
    AMS believes that its proposal would allow users of the standards 
to be assured of product quality through AMS inspection and testing. 
Users of the inspection services could demonstrate that their product 
has been officially graded by using the official USDA shield on their 
packaging or other materials. This would help consumers and buyers 
differentiate between the various grades and help ensure the value of 
their purchases. While U.S. grade standards are not regulatory, by 
establishing terms that can objectively define product quality, the 
standards can help ensure that consumers get what they expect when they 
purchase certain food products.
    All processed fruit and vegetable products that are inspected and 
graded undergo a review process where samples of graded product are 
sent to either AMS Headquarters in Washington, DC or another designated 
AMS Processed Products Branch field office. The samples are reviewed 
organoleptically by trained, experienced graders of the AMS Processed 
Products Branch. If the proposed standards are adopted, samples of 
olive oil and olive-pomace oil would undergo a similar review process 
by AMS. Samples representing the lot would also be sent to the AMS 
Science and Technology laboratory that would perform the chemical 
analyses.
    The proposal would establish grades based on how olive oil and 
olive-pomace oil are produced and would determine their chemical and 
physical characteristics, such as flavor. The proposal would also 
establish analytical methods for determining compliance with the 
various grade requirements.
    The proposed U.S. grade standards would include two major groups of 
oil: ``olive oil,'' produced from olives by mechanical means; and 
``olive-pomace oil,'' produced using heat and a solvent to separate the 
oil from the olive-pomace remaining after olive oil is produced. The 
proposed grade standards would include new product descriptions, 
definitions, and requirements for the following grade designations:
    1. ``U.S. Extra Virgin Olive Oil,''
    2. ``U.S. Virgin Olive Oil,''
    3. ``U.S. Lampante Virgin Olive Oil--Not Fit for Human 
Consumption,''
    4. ``U.S. Refined Olive Oil,''
    5. ``U.S. Olive Oil,''
    6. ``U.S. Olive-Pomace Oil,''
    7. ``U.S. Refined Olive-Pomace Oil,''
    8. ``U.S. Crude Olive-Pomace Oil.''
    Unlike the existing grade standards, the proposed standards would 
not use score points to determine the grade. Details of the 
requirements that distinguish each grade can be found in the proposed 
U.S. grade standards posted on the AMS Web site at https://
www.ams.usda.gov/processedinspection or https://www.regulations.gov.
    AMS believes that revising the grade standards would facilitate the 
marketing of olive oil and olive-pomace oil by adopting and carefully 
defining terms that are currently in use in the marketplace. AMS is 
soliciting comments on the proposed United States Standards for Grades 
of Olive Oil and Olive-Pomace Oil.
    This notice provides for a 60-day comment period for interested 
parties to comment on the proposed grade standards.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.

    Dated: May 27, 2008.
Lloyd C. Day,
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service.
 [FR Doc. E8-12226 Filed 5-30-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P