Marketing Order Regulating the Handling of Spearmint Oil Produced in the Far West; Salable Quantities and Allotment Percentages for the 2008-2009 Marketing Year, 21215-21220 [E8-8468]
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Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
Vol. 73, No. 77
Monday, April 21, 2008
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR Part 985
[Docket Nos. AMS–FV–07–0135; FV08–985–
2 FR]
Marketing Order Regulating the
Handling of Spearmint Oil Produced in
the Far West; Salable Quantities and
Allotment Percentages for the 2008–
2009 Marketing Year
Agricultural Marketing Service,
USDA.
ACTION: Final rule.
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AGENCY:
SUMMARY: This rule establishes the
quantity of spearmint oil produced in
the Far West, by class that handlers may
purchase from, or handle for, producers
during the 2008–2009 marketing year,
which begins on June 1, 2008. This rule
establishes salable quantities and
allotment percentages for Class 1
(Scotch) spearmint oil of 993,067
pounds and 50 percent, respectively,
and for Class 3 (Native) spearmint oil of
1,184,748 pounds and 53 percent,
respectively. The Spearmint Oil
Administrative Committee (Committee),
the agency responsible for local
administration of the marketing order
for spearmint oil produced in the Far
West, recommended these limitations
for the purpose of avoiding extreme
fluctuations in supplies and prices to
help maintain stability in the spearmint
oil market.
DATES: Effective Date: April 22, 2008.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Susan M. Coleman, Marketing Specialist
or Gary D. Olson, Regional Manager,
Northwest Marketing Field Office,
Marketing Order Administration
Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs,
AMS, USDA; Telephone: (503) 326–
2724; Fax: (503) 326–7440; or E-mail:
Sue.Coleman@usda.gov or
GaryD.Olson@usda.gov.
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Small businesses may request
information on complying with this
regulation by contacting Jay Guerber,
Marketing Order Administration
Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs,
AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence
Avenue, SW., STOP 0237, Washington,
DC 20250–0237; Telephone: (202) 720–
2491, Fax: (202) 720–8938, or E-mail:
Jay.Guerber@usda.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This final
rule is issued under Marketing Order
No. 985 (7 CFR part 985), as amended,
regulating the handling of spearmint oil
produced in the Far West (Washington,
Idaho, Oregon, and designated parts of
Nevada and Utah), hereinafter referred
to as the ‘‘order.’’ This order is effective
under the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7
U.S.C. 601–674), hereinafter referred to
as the ‘‘Act.’’
The Department of Agriculture
(USDA) is issuing this rule in
conformance with Executive Order
12866.
This final rule has been reviewed
under Executive Order 12988, Civil
Justice Reform. Under the marketing
order now in effect, salable quantities
and allotment percentages may be
established for classes of spearmint oil
produced in the Far West. This final
rule establishes the quantity of
spearmint oil produced in the Far West,
by class, which may be purchased from
or handled for producers by handlers
during the 2008–2009 marketing year,
which begins on June 1, 2008. This rule
will not preempt any State or local laws,
regulations, or policies, unless they
present an irreconcilable conflict with
this rule.
The Act provides that administrative
proceedings must be exhausted before
parties may file suit in court. Under
section 608c(15)(A) of the Act, any
handler subject to an order may file
with USDA a petition stating that the
order, any provision of the order, or any
obligation imposed in connection with
the order is not in accordance with law
and request a modification of the order
or to be exempted therefrom. A handler
is afforded the opportunity for a hearing
on the petition. After the hearing, USDA
would rule on the petition. The Act
provides that the district court of the
United States in any district in which
the handler is an inhabitant, or has his
or her principal place of business, has
jurisdiction to review USDA’s ruling on
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the petition, provided an action is filed
not later than 20 days after the date of
the entry of the ruling.
Pursuant to authority in §§ 985.50,
985.51, and 985.52 of the order, the
Committee, with seven of its eight
members present, met on October 17,
2007, and recommended salable
quantities and allotment percentages for
both classes of oil for the 2008–2009
marketing year. The Committee
unanimously recommended the
establishment of a salable quantity and
allotment percentage for Scotch
spearmint oil of 993,067 pounds and 50
percent, respectively. For Native
spearmint oil, the Committee
unanimously recommended the
establishment of a salable quantity and
allotment percentage of 1,184,748
pounds and 53 percent, respectively.
This final rule limits the amount of
spearmint oil that handlers may
purchase from, or handle for, producers
during the 2008–2009 marketing year,
which begins on June 1, 2008. Salable
quantities and allotment percentages
have been placed into effect each season
since the order’s inception in 1980.
The U.S. production of Scotch
spearmint oil is concentrated in the Far
West, which includes Washington,
Idaho, and Oregon and a portion of
Nevada and Utah. Scotch spearmint oil
is also produced in the Midwest states
of Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, as
well as in the States of Montana, South
Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota.
The production area covered by the
marketing order currently accounts for
approximately 62 percent of the annual
U.S. sales of Scotch spearmint oil.
When the order became effective in
1980, the Far West had 72 percent of the
world’s sales of Scotch spearmint oil.
While the Far West is still the leading
producer of Scotch spearmint oil, its
share of world sales is now estimated to
be about 46 percent. This loss in world
sales for the Far West region is directly
attributed to the increase in global
production. Other factors that have
played a significant role include the
overall quality of the imported oil and
technological advances that allow for
more blending of lower quality oils.
Such factors have provided the
Committee with challenges in
accurately predicting trade demand for
Scotch oil. This, in turn, has made it
difficult to balance available supplies
with demand and to achieve the
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Committee’s overall goal of stabilizing
producer and market prices.
The marketing order has continued to
contribute to price and general market
stabilization for Far West producers.
The Committee, as well as spearmint oil
producers and handlers attending the
October 17, 2007, meeting, estimated
that the 2007–2008 producer price for
Scotch oil would be $14.00 to $15.00
per pound. However, there is very little
forward contracting being done at the
present time and producers are wary of
doing so because of significant increases
in their cost of production. This
producer price is approaching the cost
of production for most producers as
indicated in a study from the
Washington State University
Cooperative Extension Service (WSU),
which estimates production costs to be
between $13.50 and $15.00 per pound.
However, this study was completed in
2001 and fuel costs alone have doubled
in price. The rises in fuel costs have also
increased other petroleum based
products, such as tires, fertilizer, and
chemicals, which also increase
production costs.
This low level of producer returns has
caused an overall reduction in acreage.
When the order became effective in
1980, the Far West region had 9,702
acres of Scotch spearmint. The
Committee reported that the 2007–2008
acreage of Scotch was 6,528 acres,
which resulted in 810,675 pounds of
Scotch oil.
The Committee recommended the
2008–2009 Scotch spearmint oil salable
quantity (993,067 pounds) and
allotment percentage (50 percent)
utilizing sales estimates for 2008–2009
Scotch spearmint oil as provided by
several of the industry’s handlers, as
well as historical and current Scotch
spearmint oil sales levels. The
Committee is estimating that about
920,000 pounds of Scotch spearmint oil,
on average, may be sold during the
2008–2009 marketing year. When
considered in conjunction with the
estimated zero carry-in of oil on June 1,
2008, the recommended salable quantity
of 993,067 pounds results in a total
available supply of Scotch spearmint oil
next year of 993,067 pounds.
The recommendation for the 2008–
2009 Scotch spearmint oil volume
regulation is consistent with the
Committee’s stated intent of keeping
adequate supplies available at all times,
while attempting to stabilize prices at a
level adequate to sustain the producers.
Furthermore, the recommendation takes
into consideration the industry’s desire
to compete with less expensive oil
produced outside the regulated area.
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Although Native spearmint oil
producers are facing market conditions
similar to those affecting the Scotch
spearmint oil market, the market share
is quite different. Over 90 percent of the
U.S. production of Native spearmint is
produced within the Far West
production area. Also, most of the
world’s supply of Native spearmint is
produced in the United States.
The supply and demand
characteristics of the current Native
spearmint oil market, combined with
the stabilizing impact of the marketing
order, have kept the price relatively
steady. The average price for the fiveyear period ending in 2006 is $9.80,
which is $0.06 higher than the average
price for the ten-year period (1997–
2006) of $9.74. The Committee
considers these levels too low for the
majority of producers to maintain
viability. The WSU study referenced
earlier indicates that the cost of
producing Native spearmint oil ranges
from $10.26 to $10.92 per pound.
Similar to Scotch, the low level of
producer returns has also caused an
overall reduction in Native spearmint
acreage. When the order became
effective in 1980, the Far West region
had 12,153 acres of Native spearmint.
The Committee reported that the 2007–
2008 acreage of Native spearmint was
8,436 acres, which resulted in 1,221,238
pounds of Native oil.
The Committee recommended the
2008–2009 Native spearmint oil salable
quantity (1,184,748 pounds) and
allotment percentage (53 percent)
utilizing sales estimates for 2008–2009
Native oil as provided by several of the
industry’s handlers, as well as historical
and current Native spearmint oil sales
levels. The Committee is estimating that
about 1,250,000 pounds of Native
spearmint oil, on average, may be sold
during the 2008–2009 marketing year.
When considered in conjunction with
the estimated carry-in of 56,433 pounds
of oil on June 1, 2008, the recommended
salable quantity of 1,184,748 pounds
results in a total available supply of
Native spearmint oil next year of about
1,241,181 pounds.
The Committee’s method of
calculating the Native spearmint oil
salable quantity and allotment
percentage continues to primarily
utilize information on price and
available supply as they are affected by
the estimated trade demand. The
Committee’s stated intent is to make
adequate supplies available to meet
market needs and improve producer
prices.
The Committee believes that the order
has contributed extensively to the
stabilization of producer prices, which
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prior to 1980 experienced wide
fluctuations from year to year.
According to the National Agricultural
Statistics Service, for example, the
average price paid for both classes of
spearmint oil ranged from $4.00 per
pound to $11.10 per pound during the
period between 1968 and 1980. Prices
since the order’s inception, the period
from 1980 to 2006, have generally
stabilized at an average price of $12.69
per pound for Scotch spearmint oil and
$9.89 per pound for Native spearmint
oil.
The Committee based its
recommendation for the proposed
salable quantity and allotment
percentage for each class of spearmint
oil for the 2008–2009 marketing year on
the information discussed above, as well
as the data outlined below.
(1) Class 1 (Scotch) Spearmint Oil
(A) Estimated carry-in on June 1,
2008—0 pounds. This figure is the
difference between the revised 2007–
2008 marketing year total available
supply of 816,718 pounds and the
estimated 2007–2008 marketing year
trade demand of 816,718 pounds.
(B) Estimated trade demand for the
2008–2009 marketing year—920,000
pounds. This figure was based on input
from producers at six Scotch spearmint
oil production area meetings held in
September 2007, as well as estimates
provided by handlers and other meeting
participants at the October 17, 2007,
meeting. The average estimated trade
demand provided at the six production
area meetings was 924,583 pounds,
whereas the estimated handler trade
demand ranged from 875,000 to 950,000
pounds. The average of sales over the
last five years was 760,152 pounds.
(C) Salable quantity required from the
2008–2009 marketing year production—
920,000 pounds. This figure is the
difference between the estimated 2008–
2009 marketing year trade demand
(920,000 pounds) and the estimated
carry-in on June 1, 2008 (0 pounds).
(D) Total estimated allotment base for
the 2008–2009 marketing year—
1,986,133 pounds. This figure
represents a one percent increase over
the revised 2007–2008 total allotment
base. This figure is generally revised
each year on June 1 because of producer
base being lost to the bona fide effort
production provisions of § 985.53(e).
The revision is usually minimal.
(E) Computed allotment percentage—
46.3 percent. This percentage is
computed by dividing the required
salable quantity by the total estimated
allotment base.
(F) Recommended allotment
percentage—50 percent. This
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recommendation was based on the
Committee’s determination that the
computed 46.3 percent would not
adequately supply the potential 2008–
2009 market.
(G) The Committee’s recommended
salable quantity—993,067 pounds. This
figure is the product of the
recommended allotment percentage and
the total estimated allotment base.
(H) Estimated available supply for the
2008–2009 marketing year—993,067
pounds. This figure is the sum of the
2008–2009 recommended salable
quantity (993,067 pounds) and the
estimated carry-in on June 1, 2008 (0
pounds).
(2) Class 3 (Native) Spearmint Oil
(A) Estimated carry-in on June 1,
2008—56,433 pounds. The Committee’s
estimated carry-in reflects anticipated
increases to the salable quantity and
allotment percentage that may be
needed to meet demand during the
remainder of the 2007–2008 marketing
year.
(B) Estimated trade demand for the
2008–2009 marketing year—1,250,000
pounds. This figure was based on input
from producers at the six Native
spearmint oil production area meetings
held in September 2007, as well as
estimates provided by handlers and
other meeting participants at the
October 17, 2007, meeting. The average
estimated trade demand provided at the
six production area meetings was
1,241,667 pounds, whereas the handler
estimate ranged from 1,200,000 pounds
to 1,250,000 pounds.
(C) Salable quantity required from the
2008–2009 marketing year production—
1,193,567 pounds. This figure is the
difference between the estimated 2008–
2009 marketing year trade demand
(1,250,000 pounds) and the estimated
carry-in on June 1, 2008 (56,433
pounds).
(D) Total estimated allotment base for
the 2008–2009 marketing year—
2,235,374 pounds. This figure
represents a one percent increase over
the revised 2007–2008 total allotment
base. This figure is generally revised
each year on June 1 because of producer
base being lost to the bona fide effort
production provisions of § 985.53(e).
The revision is usually minimal.
(E) Computed allotment percentage—
53.4 percent. This percentage is
computed by dividing the required
salable quantity by the total estimated
allotment base.
(F) Recommended allotment
percentage—53 percent. This was the
Committee’s recommendation based on
the computed allotment percentage, the
average of the computed allotment
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percentage figures from the six
production area meetings (53.7 percent),
and input from producers and handlers
at the October 17, 2007, meeting.
(G) The Committee’s recommended
salable quantity—1,184,748 pounds.
This figure is the product of the
recommended allotment percentage and
the total estimated allotment base.
(H) Estimated available supply for the
2008–2009 marketing year—1,241,181
pounds. This figure is the sum of the
2008–2009 recommended salable
quantity (1,184,748 pounds) and the
estimated carry-in on June 1, 2008
(56,433 pounds).
The salable quantity is the total
quantity of each class of spearmint oil,
which handlers may purchase from, or
handle on behalf of producers during a
marketing year. Each producer is
allotted a share of the salable quantity
by applying the allotment percentage to
the producer’s allotment base for the
applicable class of spearmint oil.
The Committee’s recommended
Scotch and Native spearmint oil salable
quantities and allotment percentages of
993,067 pounds and 50 percent, and
1,184,748 pounds and 53 percent,
respectively, are based on the
Committee’s goal of maintaining market
stability by avoiding extreme
fluctuations in supplies and prices, and
the anticipated supply and trade
demand during the 2008–2009
marketing year. The salable quantities
are not expected to cause a shortage of
spearmint oil supplies. Any
unanticipated or additional market
demand for spearmint oil, which may
develop during the marketing year, can
be satisfied by an increase in the salable
quantities. Both Scotch and Native
spearmint oil producers who produce
more than their annual allotments
during the 2008–2009 marketing year
may transfer such excess spearmint oil
to a producer with spearmint oil
production less than their annual
allotment or put it into the reserve pool
before November 1, 2008.
This regulation is similar to
regulations issued in prior seasons.
Costs to producers and handlers
resulting from this rule are expected to
be offset by the benefits derived from a
stable market and improved returns. In
conjunction with the issuance of this
final rule, USDA has reviewed the
Committee’s marketing policy statement
for the 2008–2009 marketing year. The
Committee’s marketing policy
statement, a requirement whenever the
Committee recommends volume
regulations, fully meets the intent of
§ 985.50 of the order. During its
discussion of potential 2008–2009
salable quantities and allotment
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percentages, the Committee considered:
(1) The estimated quantity of salable oil
of each class held by producers and
handlers; (2) the estimated demand for
each class of oil; (3) the prospective
production of each class of oil; (4) the
total of allotment bases of each class of
oil for the current marketing year and
the estimated total of allotment bases of
each class for the ensuing marketing
year; (5) the quantity of reserve oil, by
class, in storage; (6) producer prices of
oil, including prices for each class of oil;
and (7) general market conditions for
each class of oil, including whether the
estimated season average price to
producers is likely to exceed parity.
Conformity with the USDA’s
‘‘Guidelines for Fruit, Vegetable, and
Specialty Crop Marketing Orders’’ has
also been reviewed and confirmed.
The establishment of these salable
quantities and allotment percentages
will allow for anticipated market needs.
In determining anticipated market
needs, consideration by the Committee
was given to historical sales, as well as
changes and trends in production and
demand. This rule also provides
producers with information on the
amount of spearmint oil that should be
produced for the 2008–2009 season in
order to meet anticipated market
demand.
Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
Pursuant to requirements set forth in
the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), the
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS)
has considered the economic impact of
this action on small entities.
Accordingly, AMS has prepared this
final regulatory flexibility analysis.
The purpose of the RFA is to fit
regulatory actions to the scale of
business subject to such actions in order
that small businesses will not be unduly
or disproportionately burdened.
Marketing orders issued pursuant to the
Act, and the rules issued thereunder, are
unique in that they are brought about
through group action of essentially
small entities acting on their own
behalf.
There are eight spearmint oil handlers
subject to regulation under the order,
and approximately 58 producers of
Scotch spearmint oil and approximately
90 producers of Native spearmint oil in
the regulated production area. Small
agricultural service firms are defined by
the Small Business Administration
(SBA) (13 CFR 121.201) as those having
annual receipts of less than $6,500,000,
and small agricultural producers are
defined as those having annual receipts
of less than $750,000.
Based on the SBA’s definition of
small entities, the Committee estimates
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that one of the eight handlers regulated
by the order could be considered a small
entity. Most of the handlers are large
corporations involved in the
international trading of essential oils
and the products of essential oils. In
addition, the Committee estimates that
19 of the 58 Scotch spearmint oil
producers and 21 of the 90 Native
spearmint oil producers could be
classified as small entities under the
SBA definition. Thus, a majority of
handlers and producers of Far West
spearmint oil may not be classified as
small entities.
The Far West spearmint oil industry
is characterized by producers whose
farming operations generally involve
more than one commodity, and whose
income from farming operations is not
exclusively dependent on the
production of spearmint oil. A typical
spearmint oil-producing operation has
enough acreage for rotation such that
the total acreage required to produce the
crop is about one-third spearmint and
two-thirds rotational crops. Thus, the
typical spearmint oil producer has to
have considerably more acreage than is
planted to spearmint during any given
season. Crop rotation is an essential
cultural practice in the production of
spearmint oil for weed, insect, and
disease control. To remain economically
viable with the added costs associated
with spearmint oil production, most
spearmint oil-producing farms fall into
the SBA category of large businesses.
Small spearmint oil producers
generally are not as extensively
diversified as larger ones and as such
are more at risk from market
fluctuations. Such small producers
generally need to market their entire
annual allotment and do not have the
luxury of having other crops to cushion
seasons with poor spearmint oil returns.
Conversely, large diversified producers
have the potential to endure one or
more seasons of poor spearmint oil
markets because income from alternate
crops could support the operation for a
period of time. Being reasonably assured
of a stable price and market provides
small producing entities with the ability
to maintain proper cash flow and to
meet annual expenses. Thus, the market
and price stability provided by the order
potentially benefit the small producer
more than such provisions benefit large
producers. Even though a majority of
handlers and producers of spearmint oil
may not be classified as small entities,
the volume control feature of this order
has small entity orientation.
This final rule establishes the quantity
of spearmint oil produced in the Far
West, by class that handlers may
purchase from, or handle for, producers
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during the 2008–2009 marketing year.
The Committee recommended this rule
to help maintain stability in the
spearmint oil market by avoiding
extreme fluctuations in supplies and
prices. Establishing quantities to be
purchased or handled during the
marketing year through volume
regulations allows producers to plan
their spearmint planting and harvesting
to meet expected market needs. The
provisions of §§ 985.50, 985.51, and
985.52 of the order authorize this rule.
Instability in the spearmint oil subsector of the mint industry is much
more likely to originate on the supply
side than the demand side. Fluctuations
in yield and acreage planted from
season-to-season tend to be larger than
fluctuations in the amount purchased by
buyers. Demand for spearmint oil tends
to be relatively stable from year-to-year.
The demand for spearmint oil is
expected to grow slowly for the
foreseeable future because the demand
for consumer products that use
spearmint oil will likely expand slowly,
in line with population growth.
Demand for spearmint oil at the farm
level is derived from retail demand for
spearmint-flavored products such as
chewing gum, toothpaste, and
mouthwash. The manufacturers of these
products are by far the largest users of
mint oil. However, spearmint flavoring
is generally a very minor component of
the products in which it is used, so
changes in the raw product price have
no impact on retail prices for those
goods.
Spearmint oil production tends to be
cyclical. Years of large production, with
demand remaining reasonably stable,
have led to periods in which large
producer stocks of unsold spearmint oil
have depressed producer prices for a
number of years. Shortages and high
prices may follow in subsequent years,
as producers respond to price signals by
cutting back production.
The significant variability is
illustrated by the fact that the coefficient
of variation (a standard measure of
variability; ‘‘CV’’) of Far West spearmint
oil production from 1980 through 2006
was about 0.23. The CV for spearmint
oil grower prices was about 0.14, well
below the CV for production. This
provides an indication of the price
stabilizing impact of the marketing
order.
Production in the shortest marketing
year was about 50 percent of the 26-year
average (1.84 million pounds from 1980
through 2006) and the largest crop was
approximately 167 percent of the 26year average. A key consequence is that
in years of oversupply and low prices
the season average producer price of
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spearmint oil is below the average cost
of production (as measured by the
Washington State University
Cooperative Extension Service.)
The wide fluctuations in supply and
prices that result from this cycle, which
was even more pronounced before the
creation of the marketing order, can
create liquidity problems for some
producers. The marketing order was
designed to reduce the price impacts of
the cyclical swings in production.
However, producers have been less able
to weather these cycles in recent years
because of the increase in production
costs. While prices have been relatively
steady, the cost of production has
dramatically increased which has
caused a hesitation by producers to
plant. Producers are also enticed by the
prices of alternative crops and their
lower cost of production.
In an effort to stabilize prices, the
spearmint oil industry uses the volume
control mechanisms authorized under
the order. This authority allows the
Committee to recommend a salable
quantity and allotment percentage for
each class of oil for the upcoming
marketing year. The salable quantity for
each class of oil is the total volume of
oil that producers may sell during the
marketing year. The allotment
percentage for each class of spearmint
oil is derived by dividing the salable
quantity by the total allotment base.
Each producer is then issued an
annual allotment certificate, in pounds,
for the applicable class of oil, which is
calculated by multiplying the
producer’s allotment base by the
applicable allotment percentage. This is
the amount of oil for the applicable
class that the producer can sell.
On November 1 of each year, the
Committee identifies any oil that
individual producers have produced
above the volume specified on their
annual allotment certificates. This
excess oil is placed in a reserve pool
administered by the Committee.
There is a reserve pool for each class
of oil that may not be sold during the
current marketing year unless USDA
approves a Committee recommendation
to make a portion of the pool available.
However, limited quantities of reserve
oil are typically sold to fill deficiencies.
A deficiency occurs when on-farm
production is less than a producer’s
allotment. In that case, a producer’s own
reserve oil can be sold to fill that
deficiency. Excess production (higher
than the producer’s allotment) can be
sold to fill other producers’ deficiencies.
All of this needs to take place by
November 1.
In any given year, the total available
supply of spearmint oil is composed of
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current production plus carry-over
stocks from the previous crop. The
Committee seeks to maintain market
stability by balancing supply and
demand, and to close the marketing year
with an appropriate level of carryout. If
the industry has production in excess of
the salable quantity, then the reserve
pool absorbs the surplus quantity of
spearmint oil, which goes unsold during
that year, unless the oil is needed for
unanticipated sales.
Under its provisions, the order may
attempt to stabilize prices by (1) limiting
supply and establishing reserves in high
production years, thus minimizing the
price-depressing effect that excess
producer stocks have on unsold
spearmint oil, and (2) ensuring that
stocks are available in short supply
years when prices would otherwise
increase dramatically. The reserve pool
stocks grown in large production years
are drawn down in short crop years.
An econometric model was used to
assess the impact that volume control
has on the prices producers receive for
their commodity. Without volume
control, spearmint oil markets would
likely be over-supplied, resulting in low
producer prices and a large volume of
oil stored and carried over to the next
crop year. The model estimates how
much lower producer prices would
likely be in the absence of volume
controls.
The Committee estimated the trade
demand for the 2008–2009 marketing
year for both classes of oil at 2,170,000
pounds, and that the expected
combined carry-in will be 56,433
pounds. This results in a combined
required salable quantity of 2,113,567
pounds. Therefore, with volume control,
sales by producers for the 2008–2009
marketing year will be limited to
2,177,815 pounds (the recommended
salable quantity for both classes of
spearmint oil).
The recommended salable
percentages, upon which 2008–2009
producer allotments are based, are 50
percent for Scotch and 53 percent for
Native. Without volume controls,
producers would not be limited to these
allotment levels, and could produce and
sell additional spearmint. The
econometric model estimated a $1.40
decline in the season average producer
price per pound (from both classes of
spearmint oil) resulting from the higher
quantities that would be produced and
marketed without volume control. The
surplus situation for the spearmint oil
market that would exist without volume
controls in 2008–2009 also would likely
dampen prospects for improved
producer prices in future years because
of the buildup in stocks.
VerDate Aug<31>2005
15:19 Apr 18, 2008
Jkt 214001
The use of volume controls allows the
industry to fully supply spearmint oil
markets while avoiding the negative
consequences of over-supplying these
markets. The use of volume controls is
believed to have little or no effect on
consumer prices of products containing
spearmint oil and will not result in
fewer retail sales of such products.
The Committee discussed alternatives
to the recommendations contained in
this rule for both classes of spearmint
oil. The Committee discussed and
rejected the idea of recommending that
there not be any volume regulation for
both classes of spearmint oil because of
the severe price-depressing effects that
would occur without volume control.
The Committee considered various
alternative levels of volume control for
Scotch spearmint oil, including
increasing the percentage to a less
restrictive level, or decreasing the
percentage. After considerable
discussion the Committee unanimously
determined that 993,067 pounds and 50
percent would be the most effective
salable quantity and allotment
percentage, respectively, for the 2008–
2009 marketing year.
The Committee also considered
various alternative levels of volume
control for Native spearmint oil. After
considerable discussion the Committee
unanimously determined that 1,184,748
pounds and 53 percent would be the
most effective salable quantity and
allotment percentage, respectively, for
the 2008–2009 marketing year.
As noted earlier, the Committee’s
recommendation to establish salable
quantities and allotment percentages for
both classes of spearmint oil was made
after careful consideration of all
available information, including: (1) The
estimated quantity of salable oil of each
class held by producers and handlers;
(2) the estimated demand for each class
of oil; (3) the prospective production of
each class of oil; (4) the total of
allotment bases of each class of oil for
the current marketing year and the
estimated total of allotment bases of
each class for the ensuing marketing
year; (5) the quantity of reserve oil, by
class, in storage; (6) producer prices of
oil, including prices for each class of oil;
and (7) general market conditions for
each class of oil, including whether the
estimated season average price to
producers is likely to exceed parity.
Based on its review, the Committee
believes that the salable quantity and
allotment percentage levels
recommended will achieve the
objectives sought.
Without any regulations in effect, the
Committee believes the industry would
return to the pronounced cyclical price
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21219
patterns that occurred prior to the order,
and that prices in 2008–2009 would
decline substantially below current
levels.
As stated earlier, the Committee
believes that the order has contributed
extensively to the stabilization of
producer prices, which prior to 1980
experienced wide fluctuations from
year-to-year. National Agricultural
Statistics Service records show that the
average price paid for both classes of
spearmint oil ranged from $4.00 per
pound to $11.10 per pound during the
period between 1968 and 1980. Prices
have been consistently more stable since
the marketing order’s inception in 1980,
with an average price for the period
from 1980 to 2006 of $12.69 per pound
for Scotch spearmint oil and $9.89 per
pound for Native spearmint oil.
According to the Committee, the
recommended salable quantities and
allotment percentages are expected to
achieve the goals of market and price
stability.
As previously stated, annual salable
quantities and allotment percentages
have been issued for both classes of
spearmint oil since the order’s
inception. Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements have remained the same
for each year of regulation. These
requirements have been approved by the
Office of Management and Budget under
OMB Control No. 0581–0178, Vegetable
and Specialty Crops. Accordingly, this
action will not impose any additional
reporting or recordkeeping requirements
on either small or large spearmint oil
producers and handlers. As with all
Federal marketing order programs,
reports and forms are periodically
reviewed to reduce information
requirements and duplication by
industry and public sector agencies.
The AMS is committed to complying
with the E-Government Act, to promote
the use of the Internet and other
information technologies to provide
increased opportunities for citizen
access to Government information and
services, and for other purposes.
As noted in the initial regulatory
flexibility analysis, USDA has not
identified any relevant Federal rules
that duplicate, overlap, or conflict with
this final rule.
In addition, the Committee’s meeting
was widely publicized throughout the
spearmint oil industry and all interested
persons were invited to attend the
meeting and participate in Committee
deliberations on all issues. Like all
Committee meetings, the October 17,
2007, meeting was a public meeting and
all entities, both large and small, were
able to express views on this issue.
E:\FR\FM\21APR1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 77 / Monday, April 21, 2008 / Rules and Regulations
A proposed rule concerning this
action was published in the Federal
Register on February 15, 2008 (73 FR
8825). Copies of the rule were provided
to Committee staff, which in turn made
it available to spearmint oil producers,
handlers, and other interested persons.
Finally, the rule was made available
through the Internet by USDA and the
Office of the Federal Register. A 30-day
comment period, ending March 17,
2008, was provided to allow interested
persons to respond to the proposal. No
comments were received.
A small business guide on complying
with fruit, vegetable, and specialty crop
marketing agreements and orders may
be viewed at: https://www.ams.usda.gov/
fv/moab.html. Any questions about the
compliance guide should be sent to Jay
Guerber at the previously mentioned
address in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT section.
After consideration of all relevant
matter presented, including the
information and recommendation
submitted by the Committee and other
available information, it is herby found
that this rule, as hereinafter set forth,
will tend to effectuate the declared
policy of the Act.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 985
Marketing agreements, Oils and fats,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Spearmint oil.
For the reasons set forth in the
preamble, 7 CFR Part 985 is amended as
follows:
I
PART 985—MARKETING ORDER
REGULATING THE HANDLING OF
SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE
FAR WEST
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR
part 985 continues to read as follows:
I
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601–674.
2. A new § 985.227 is added to read
as follows:
[Note: This section will not appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations.]
I
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with RULES
§ 985.227 Salable quantities and allotment
percentages—2008–2009 marketing year.
The salable quantity and allotment
percentage for each class of spearmint
oil during the marketing year beginning
on June 1, 2008, shall be as follows:
(a) Class 1 (Scotch) oil—a salable
quantity of 993,067 pounds and an
allotment percentage of 50 percent.
(b) Class 3 (Native) oil—a salable
quantity of 1,184,748 pounds and an
allotment percentage of 53 percent.
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Dated: April 15, 2008.
Lloyd C. Day,
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing
Service.
[FR Doc. E8–8468 Filed 4–18–08; 8:45 am]
Federal Aviation Administration
Operations, M–30, West Building
Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200
New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington,
DC 20590.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karl
Schletzbaum, Aerospace Engineer, FAA,
Small Airplane Directorate, 901 Locust,
Room 301, Kansas City, Missouri 64106;
telephone: (816) 329–4146; fax: (816)
329–4090.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
14 CFR Part 39
Discussion
[Docket No. FAA–2008–0197 Directorate
Identifier 2008–CE–005–AD; Amendment
39–15467; AD 2008–08–15]
We issued a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would
apply to the specified products. That
NPRM was published in the Federal
Register on February 25, 2008 (73 FR
9965). That NPRM proposed to correct
an unsafe condition for the specified
products. The MCAI states:
BILLING CODE 3410–02–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; DORNIER
LUFTFAHRT GmbH Models 228–100,
228–101, 228–200, 228–201, 228–202,
and 228–212 Airplanes
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: We are adopting a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for the
products listed above. This AD results
from mandatory continuing
airworthiness information (MCAI)
issued by an aviation authority of
another country to identify and correct
an unsafe condition on an aviation
product. The MCAI describes the unsafe
condition as:
The manufacturer reported findings of
missing primer on the internal of the elevator
and rudder of aircraft S/N 8200. The aircraft
S/N 8200 was with RUAG for maintenance
purposes. Investigation performed by RUAG
showed that the paint removal procedure for
the rudder and elevator was changed from a
paint stripping with brush and scraper to a
procedure where the parts were submerged
in a tank filled with hot liquid stripper. The
stripper is called TURCO 5669 from Henkel
Surface Technologies. The stripping process
is described in the Technical Process Bulletin
No. 238799 dated 09/01/1999. This paint
stripping process change was not
communicated to and not approved by the
TC–Holder.
The manufacturer reported findings of
missing primer on the internal of the elevator
and rudder of aircraft S/N 8200. The aircraft
S/N 8200 was with RUAG for maintenance
purposes. Investigation performed by RUAG
showed that the paint removal procedure for
the rudder and elevator was changed from a
paint stripping with brush and scraper to a
procedure where the parts were submerged
in a tank filled with hot liquid stripper. The
stripper is called TURCO 5669 from Henkel
Surface Technologies. The stripping process
is described in the Technical Process Bulletin
No. 238799 dated 09/01/1999. This paint
stripping process change was not
communicated to and not approved by the
TC–Holder.
Comments
We are issuing this AD to require
actions to correct the unsafe condition
on these products.
DATES: This AD becomes effective May
27, 2008.
On May 27, 2008, the Director of the
Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference of certain
publications listed in this AD.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
docket on the Internet at https://
www.regulations.gov or in person at
Document Management Facility, U.S.
Department of Transportation, Docket
We have reviewed the MCAI and
related service information and, in
general, agree with their substance. But
we might have found it necessary to use
different words from those in the MCAI
to ensure the AD is clear for U.S.
operators and is enforceable. In making
these changes, we do not intend to differ
substantively from the information
provided in the MCAI and related
service information.
We might also have required different
actions in this AD from those in the
MCAI in order to follow FAA policies.
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We gave the public the opportunity to
participate in developing this AD. We
received no comments on the NPRM or
on the determination of the cost to the
public.
Conclusion
We reviewed the available data and
determined that air safety and the
public interest require adopting the AD
as proposed.
Differences Between This AD and the
MCAI or Service Information
E:\FR\FM\21APR1.SGM
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 77 (Monday, April 21, 2008)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 21215-21220]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-8468]
========================================================================
Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents.
Prices of new books are listed in the first FEDERAL REGISTER issue of each
week.
========================================================================
Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 77 / Monday, April 21, 2008 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 21215]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR Part 985
[Docket Nos. AMS-FV-07-0135; FV08-985-2 FR]
Marketing Order Regulating the Handling of Spearmint Oil Produced
in the Far West; Salable Quantities and Allotment Percentages for the
2008-2009 Marketing Year
AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This rule establishes the quantity of spearmint oil produced
in the Far West, by class that handlers may purchase from, or handle
for, producers during the 2008-2009 marketing year, which begins on
June 1, 2008. This rule establishes salable quantities and allotment
percentages for Class 1 (Scotch) spearmint oil of 993,067 pounds and 50
percent, respectively, and for Class 3 (Native) spearmint oil of
1,184,748 pounds and 53 percent, respectively. The Spearmint Oil
Administrative Committee (Committee), the agency responsible for local
administration of the marketing order for spearmint oil produced in the
Far West, recommended these limitations for the purpose of avoiding
extreme fluctuations in supplies and prices to help maintain stability
in the spearmint oil market.
DATES: Effective Date: April 22, 2008.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan M. Coleman, Marketing Specialist
or Gary D. Olson, Regional Manager, Northwest Marketing Field Office,
Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs,
AMS, USDA; Telephone: (503) 326-2724; Fax: (503) 326-7440; or E-mail:
Sue.Coleman@usda.gov or GaryD.Olson@usda.gov.
Small businesses may request information on complying with this
regulation by contacting Jay Guerber, Marketing Order Administration
Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence
Avenue, SW., STOP 0237, Washington, DC 20250-0237; Telephone: (202)
720-2491, Fax: (202) 720-8938, or E-mail: Jay.Guerber@usda.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This final rule is issued under Marketing
Order No. 985 (7 CFR part 985), as amended, regulating the handling of
spearmint oil produced in the Far West (Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and
designated parts of Nevada and Utah), hereinafter referred to as the
``order.'' This order is effective under the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601-674), hereinafter
referred to as the ``Act.''
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) is issuing this rule in
conformance with Executive Order 12866.
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,
Civil Justice Reform. Under the marketing order now in effect, salable
quantities and allotment percentages may be established for classes of
spearmint oil produced in the Far West. This final rule establishes the
quantity of spearmint oil produced in the Far West, by class, which may
be purchased from or handled for producers by handlers during the 2008-
2009 marketing year, which begins on June 1, 2008. This rule will not
preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or policies, unless they
present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule.
The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the
Act, any handler subject to an order may file with USDA a petition
stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any obligation
imposed in connection with the order is not in accordance with law and
request a modification of the order or to be exempted therefrom. A
handler is afforded the opportunity for a hearing on the petition.
After the hearing, USDA would rule on the petition. The Act provides
that the district court of the United States in any district in which
the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or her principal place of
business, has jurisdiction to review USDA's ruling on the petition,
provided an action is filed not later than 20 days after the date of
the entry of the ruling.
Pursuant to authority in Sec. Sec. 985.50, 985.51, and 985.52 of
the order, the Committee, with seven of its eight members present, met
on October 17, 2007, and recommended salable quantities and allotment
percentages for both classes of oil for the 2008-2009 marketing year.
The Committee unanimously recommended the establishment of a salable
quantity and allotment percentage for Scotch spearmint oil of 993,067
pounds and 50 percent, respectively. For Native spearmint oil, the
Committee unanimously recommended the establishment of a salable
quantity and allotment percentage of 1,184,748 pounds and 53 percent,
respectively.
This final rule limits the amount of spearmint oil that handlers
may purchase from, or handle for, producers during the 2008-2009
marketing year, which begins on June 1, 2008. Salable quantities and
allotment percentages have been placed into effect each season since
the order's inception in 1980.
The U.S. production of Scotch spearmint oil is concentrated in the
Far West, which includes Washington, Idaho, and Oregon and a portion of
Nevada and Utah. Scotch spearmint oil is also produced in the Midwest
states of Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, as well as in the States of
Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota. The production area
covered by the marketing order currently accounts for approximately 62
percent of the annual U.S. sales of Scotch spearmint oil.
When the order became effective in 1980, the Far West had 72
percent of the world's sales of Scotch spearmint oil. While the Far
West is still the leading producer of Scotch spearmint oil, its share
of world sales is now estimated to be about 46 percent. This loss in
world sales for the Far West region is directly attributed to the
increase in global production. Other factors that have played a
significant role include the overall quality of the imported oil and
technological advances that allow for more blending of lower quality
oils. Such factors have provided the Committee with challenges in
accurately predicting trade demand for Scotch oil. This, in turn, has
made it difficult to balance available supplies with demand and to
achieve the
[[Page 21216]]
Committee's overall goal of stabilizing producer and market prices.
The marketing order has continued to contribute to price and
general market stabilization for Far West producers. The Committee, as
well as spearmint oil producers and handlers attending the October 17,
2007, meeting, estimated that the 2007-2008 producer price for Scotch
oil would be $14.00 to $15.00 per pound. However, there is very little
forward contracting being done at the present time and producers are
wary of doing so because of significant increases in their cost of
production. This producer price is approaching the cost of production
for most producers as indicated in a study from the Washington State
University Cooperative Extension Service (WSU), which estimates
production costs to be between $13.50 and $15.00 per pound. However,
this study was completed in 2001 and fuel costs alone have doubled in
price. The rises in fuel costs have also increased other petroleum
based products, such as tires, fertilizer, and chemicals, which also
increase production costs.
This low level of producer returns has caused an overall reduction
in acreage. When the order became effective in 1980, the Far West
region had 9,702 acres of Scotch spearmint. The Committee reported that
the 2007-2008 acreage of Scotch was 6,528 acres, which resulted in
810,675 pounds of Scotch oil.
The Committee recommended the 2008-2009 Scotch spearmint oil
salable quantity (993,067 pounds) and allotment percentage (50 percent)
utilizing sales estimates for 2008-2009 Scotch spearmint oil as
provided by several of the industry's handlers, as well as historical
and current Scotch spearmint oil sales levels. The Committee is
estimating that about 920,000 pounds of Scotch spearmint oil, on
average, may be sold during the 2008-2009 marketing year. When
considered in conjunction with the estimated zero carry-in of oil on
June 1, 2008, the recommended salable quantity of 993,067 pounds
results in a total available supply of Scotch spearmint oil next year
of 993,067 pounds.
The recommendation for the 2008-2009 Scotch spearmint oil volume
regulation is consistent with the Committee's stated intent of keeping
adequate supplies available at all times, while attempting to stabilize
prices at a level adequate to sustain the producers. Furthermore, the
recommendation takes into consideration the industry's desire to
compete with less expensive oil produced outside the regulated area.
Although Native spearmint oil producers are facing market
conditions similar to those affecting the Scotch spearmint oil market,
the market share is quite different. Over 90 percent of the U.S.
production of Native spearmint is produced within the Far West
production area. Also, most of the world's supply of Native spearmint
is produced in the United States.
The supply and demand characteristics of the current Native
spearmint oil market, combined with the stabilizing impact of the
marketing order, have kept the price relatively steady. The average
price for the five-year period ending in 2006 is $9.80, which is $0.06
higher than the average price for the ten-year period (1997-2006) of
$9.74. The Committee considers these levels too low for the majority of
producers to maintain viability. The WSU study referenced earlier
indicates that the cost of producing Native spearmint oil ranges from
$10.26 to $10.92 per pound.
Similar to Scotch, the low level of producer returns has also
caused an overall reduction in Native spearmint acreage. When the order
became effective in 1980, the Far West region had 12,153 acres of
Native spearmint. The Committee reported that the 2007-2008 acreage of
Native spearmint was 8,436 acres, which resulted in 1,221,238 pounds of
Native oil.
The Committee recommended the 2008-2009 Native spearmint oil
salable quantity (1,184,748 pounds) and allotment percentage (53
percent) utilizing sales estimates for 2008-2009 Native oil as provided
by several of the industry's handlers, as well as historical and
current Native spearmint oil sales levels. The Committee is estimating
that about 1,250,000 pounds of Native spearmint oil, on average, may be
sold during the 2008-2009 marketing year. When considered in
conjunction with the estimated carry-in of 56,433 pounds of oil on June
1, 2008, the recommended salable quantity of 1,184,748 pounds results
in a total available supply of Native spearmint oil next year of about
1,241,181 pounds.
The Committee's method of calculating the Native spearmint oil
salable quantity and allotment percentage continues to primarily
utilize information on price and available supply as they are affected
by the estimated trade demand. The Committee's stated intent is to make
adequate supplies available to meet market needs and improve producer
prices.
The Committee believes that the order has contributed extensively
to the stabilization of producer prices, which prior to 1980
experienced wide fluctuations from year to year. According to the
National Agricultural Statistics Service, for example, the average
price paid for both classes of spearmint oil ranged from $4.00 per
pound to $11.10 per pound during the period between 1968 and 1980.
Prices since the order's inception, the period from 1980 to 2006, have
generally stabilized at an average price of $12.69 per pound for Scotch
spearmint oil and $9.89 per pound for Native spearmint oil.
The Committee based its recommendation for the proposed salable
quantity and allotment percentage for each class of spearmint oil for
the 2008-2009 marketing year on the information discussed above, as
well as the data outlined below.
(1) Class 1 (Scotch) Spearmint Oil
(A) Estimated carry-in on June 1, 2008--0 pounds. This figure is
the difference between the revised 2007-2008 marketing year total
available supply of 816,718 pounds and the estimated 2007-2008
marketing year trade demand of 816,718 pounds.
(B) Estimated trade demand for the 2008-2009 marketing year--
920,000 pounds. This figure was based on input from producers at six
Scotch spearmint oil production area meetings held in September 2007,
as well as estimates provided by handlers and other meeting
participants at the October 17, 2007, meeting. The average estimated
trade demand provided at the six production area meetings was 924,583
pounds, whereas the estimated handler trade demand ranged from 875,000
to 950,000 pounds. The average of sales over the last five years was
760,152 pounds.
(C) Salable quantity required from the 2008-2009 marketing year
production--920,000 pounds. This figure is the difference between the
estimated 2008-2009 marketing year trade demand (920,000 pounds) and
the estimated carry-in on June 1, 2008 (0 pounds).
(D) Total estimated allotment base for the 2008-2009 marketing
year--1,986,133 pounds. This figure represents a one percent increase
over the revised 2007-2008 total allotment base. This figure is
generally revised each year on June 1 because of producer base being
lost to the bona fide effort production provisions of Sec. 985.53(e).
The revision is usually minimal.
(E) Computed allotment percentage--46.3 percent. This percentage is
computed by dividing the required salable quantity by the total
estimated allotment base.
(F) Recommended allotment percentage--50 percent. This
[[Page 21217]]
recommendation was based on the Committee's determination that the
computed 46.3 percent would not adequately supply the potential 2008-
2009 market.
(G) The Committee's recommended salable quantity--993,067 pounds.
This figure is the product of the recommended allotment percentage and
the total estimated allotment base.
(H) Estimated available supply for the 2008-2009 marketing year--
993,067 pounds. This figure is the sum of the 2008-2009 recommended
salable quantity (993,067 pounds) and the estimated carry-in on June 1,
2008 (0 pounds).
(2) Class 3 (Native) Spearmint Oil
(A) Estimated carry-in on June 1, 2008--56,433 pounds. The
Committee's estimated carry-in reflects anticipated increases to the
salable quantity and allotment percentage that may be needed to meet
demand during the remainder of the 2007-2008 marketing year.
(B) Estimated trade demand for the 2008-2009 marketing year--
1,250,000 pounds. This figure was based on input from producers at the
six Native spearmint oil production area meetings held in September
2007, as well as estimates provided by handlers and other meeting
participants at the October 17, 2007, meeting. The average estimated
trade demand provided at the six production area meetings was 1,241,667
pounds, whereas the handler estimate ranged from 1,200,000 pounds to
1,250,000 pounds.
(C) Salable quantity required from the 2008-2009 marketing year
production--1,193,567 pounds. This figure is the difference between the
estimated 2008-2009 marketing year trade demand (1,250,000 pounds) and
the estimated carry-in on June 1, 2008 (56,433 pounds).
(D) Total estimated allotment base for the 2008-2009 marketing
year--2,235,374 pounds. This figure represents a one percent increase
over the revised 2007-2008 total allotment base. This figure is
generally revised each year on June 1 because of producer base being
lost to the bona fide effort production provisions of Sec. 985.53(e).
The revision is usually minimal.
(E) Computed allotment percentage--53.4 percent. This percentage is
computed by dividing the required salable quantity by the total
estimated allotment base.
(F) Recommended allotment percentage--53 percent. This was the
Committee's recommendation based on the computed allotment percentage,
the average of the computed allotment percentage figures from the six
production area meetings (53.7 percent), and input from producers and
handlers at the October 17, 2007, meeting.
(G) The Committee's recommended salable quantity--1,184,748 pounds.
This figure is the product of the recommended allotment percentage and
the total estimated allotment base.
(H) Estimated available supply for the 2008-2009 marketing year--
1,241,181 pounds. This figure is the sum of the 2008-2009 recommended
salable quantity (1,184,748 pounds) and the estimated carry-in on June
1, 2008 (56,433 pounds).
The salable quantity is the total quantity of each class of
spearmint oil, which handlers may purchase from, or handle on behalf of
producers during a marketing year. Each producer is allotted a share of
the salable quantity by applying the allotment percentage to the
producer's allotment base for the applicable class of spearmint oil.
The Committee's recommended Scotch and Native spearmint oil salable
quantities and allotment percentages of 993,067 pounds and 50 percent,
and 1,184,748 pounds and 53 percent, respectively, are based on the
Committee's goal of maintaining market stability by avoiding extreme
fluctuations in supplies and prices, and the anticipated supply and
trade demand during the 2008-2009 marketing year. The salable
quantities are not expected to cause a shortage of spearmint oil
supplies. Any unanticipated or additional market demand for spearmint
oil, which may develop during the marketing year, can be satisfied by
an increase in the salable quantities. Both Scotch and Native spearmint
oil producers who produce more than their annual allotments during the
2008-2009 marketing year may transfer such excess spearmint oil to a
producer with spearmint oil production less than their annual allotment
or put it into the reserve pool before November 1, 2008.
This regulation is similar to regulations issued in prior seasons.
Costs to producers and handlers resulting from this rule are expected
to be offset by the benefits derived from a stable market and improved
returns. In conjunction with the issuance of this final rule, USDA has
reviewed the Committee's marketing policy statement for the 2008-2009
marketing year. The Committee's marketing policy statement, a
requirement whenever the Committee recommends volume regulations, fully
meets the intent of Sec. 985.50 of the order. During its discussion of
potential 2008-2009 salable quantities and allotment percentages, the
Committee considered: (1) The estimated quantity of salable oil of each
class held by producers and handlers; (2) the estimated demand for each
class of oil; (3) the prospective production of each class of oil; (4)
the total of allotment bases of each class of oil for the current
marketing year and the estimated total of allotment bases of each class
for the ensuing marketing year; (5) the quantity of reserve oil, by
class, in storage; (6) producer prices of oil, including prices for
each class of oil; and (7) general market conditions for each class of
oil, including whether the estimated season average price to producers
is likely to exceed parity. Conformity with the USDA's ``Guidelines for
Fruit, Vegetable, and Specialty Crop Marketing Orders'' has also been
reviewed and confirmed.
The establishment of these salable quantities and allotment
percentages will allow for anticipated market needs. In determining
anticipated market needs, consideration by the Committee was given to
historical sales, as well as changes and trends in production and
demand. This rule also provides producers with information on the
amount of spearmint oil that should be produced for the 2008-2009
season in order to meet anticipated market demand.
Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility
Act (RFA), the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has considered the
economic impact of this action on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has
prepared this final regulatory flexibility analysis.
The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of
business subject to such actions in order that small businesses will
not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued
pursuant to the Act, and the rules issued thereunder, are unique in
that they are brought about through group action of essentially small
entities acting on their own behalf.
There are eight spearmint oil handlers subject to regulation under
the order, and approximately 58 producers of Scotch spearmint oil and
approximately 90 producers of Native spearmint oil in the regulated
production area. Small agricultural service firms are defined by the
Small Business Administration (SBA) (13 CFR 121.201) as those having
annual receipts of less than $6,500,000, and small agricultural
producers are defined as those having annual receipts of less than
$750,000.
Based on the SBA's definition of small entities, the Committee
estimates
[[Page 21218]]
that one of the eight handlers regulated by the order could be
considered a small entity. Most of the handlers are large corporations
involved in the international trading of essential oils and the
products of essential oils. In addition, the Committee estimates that
19 of the 58 Scotch spearmint oil producers and 21 of the 90 Native
spearmint oil producers could be classified as small entities under the
SBA definition. Thus, a majority of handlers and producers of Far West
spearmint oil may not be classified as small entities.
The Far West spearmint oil industry is characterized by producers
whose farming operations generally involve more than one commodity, and
whose income from farming operations is not exclusively dependent on
the production of spearmint oil. A typical spearmint oil-producing
operation has enough acreage for rotation such that the total acreage
required to produce the crop is about one-third spearmint and two-
thirds rotational crops. Thus, the typical spearmint oil producer has
to have considerably more acreage than is planted to spearmint during
any given season. Crop rotation is an essential cultural practice in
the production of spearmint oil for weed, insect, and disease control.
To remain economically viable with the added costs associated with
spearmint oil production, most spearmint oil-producing farms fall into
the SBA category of large businesses.
Small spearmint oil producers generally are not as extensively
diversified as larger ones and as such are more at risk from market
fluctuations. Such small producers generally need to market their
entire annual allotment and do not have the luxury of having other
crops to cushion seasons with poor spearmint oil returns. Conversely,
large diversified producers have the potential to endure one or more
seasons of poor spearmint oil markets because income from alternate
crops could support the operation for a period of time. Being
reasonably assured of a stable price and market provides small
producing entities with the ability to maintain proper cash flow and to
meet annual expenses. Thus, the market and price stability provided by
the order potentially benefit the small producer more than such
provisions benefit large producers. Even though a majority of handlers
and producers of spearmint oil may not be classified as small entities,
the volume control feature of this order has small entity orientation.
This final rule establishes the quantity of spearmint oil produced
in the Far West, by class that handlers may purchase from, or handle
for, producers during the 2008-2009 marketing year. The Committee
recommended this rule to help maintain stability in the spearmint oil
market by avoiding extreme fluctuations in supplies and prices.
Establishing quantities to be purchased or handled during the marketing
year through volume regulations allows producers to plan their
spearmint planting and harvesting to meet expected market needs. The
provisions of Sec. Sec. 985.50, 985.51, and 985.52 of the order
authorize this rule.
Instability in the spearmint oil sub-sector of the mint industry is
much more likely to originate on the supply side than the demand side.
Fluctuations in yield and acreage planted from season-to-season tend to
be larger than fluctuations in the amount purchased by buyers. Demand
for spearmint oil tends to be relatively stable from year-to-year. The
demand for spearmint oil is expected to grow slowly for the foreseeable
future because the demand for consumer products that use spearmint oil
will likely expand slowly, in line with population growth.
Demand for spearmint oil at the farm level is derived from retail
demand for spearmint-flavored products such as chewing gum, toothpaste,
and mouthwash. The manufacturers of these products are by far the
largest users of mint oil. However, spearmint flavoring is generally a
very minor component of the products in which it is used, so changes in
the raw product price have no impact on retail prices for those goods.
Spearmint oil production tends to be cyclical. Years of large
production, with demand remaining reasonably stable, have led to
periods in which large producer stocks of unsold spearmint oil have
depressed producer prices for a number of years. Shortages and high
prices may follow in subsequent years, as producers respond to price
signals by cutting back production.
The significant variability is illustrated by the fact that the
coefficient of variation (a standard measure of variability; ``CV'') of
Far West spearmint oil production from 1980 through 2006 was about
0.23. The CV for spearmint oil grower prices was about 0.14, well below
the CV for production. This provides an indication of the price
stabilizing impact of the marketing order.
Production in the shortest marketing year was about 50 percent of
the 26-year average (1.84 million pounds from 1980 through 2006) and
the largest crop was approximately 167 percent of the 26-year average.
A key consequence is that in years of oversupply and low prices the
season average producer price of spearmint oil is below the average
cost of production (as measured by the Washington State University
Cooperative Extension Service.)
The wide fluctuations in supply and prices that result from this
cycle, which was even more pronounced before the creation of the
marketing order, can create liquidity problems for some producers. The
marketing order was designed to reduce the price impacts of the
cyclical swings in production. However, producers have been less able
to weather these cycles in recent years because of the increase in
production costs. While prices have been relatively steady, the cost of
production has dramatically increased which has caused a hesitation by
producers to plant. Producers are also enticed by the prices of
alternative crops and their lower cost of production.
In an effort to stabilize prices, the spearmint oil industry uses
the volume control mechanisms authorized under the order. This
authority allows the Committee to recommend a salable quantity and
allotment percentage for each class of oil for the upcoming marketing
year. The salable quantity for each class of oil is the total volume of
oil that producers may sell during the marketing year. The allotment
percentage for each class of spearmint oil is derived by dividing the
salable quantity by the total allotment base.
Each producer is then issued an annual allotment certificate, in
pounds, for the applicable class of oil, which is calculated by
multiplying the producer's allotment base by the applicable allotment
percentage. This is the amount of oil for the applicable class that the
producer can sell.
On November 1 of each year, the Committee identifies any oil that
individual producers have produced above the volume specified on their
annual allotment certificates. This excess oil is placed in a reserve
pool administered by the Committee.
There is a reserve pool for each class of oil that may not be sold
during the current marketing year unless USDA approves a Committee
recommendation to make a portion of the pool available. However,
limited quantities of reserve oil are typically sold to fill
deficiencies. A deficiency occurs when on-farm production is less than
a producer's allotment. In that case, a producer's own reserve oil can
be sold to fill that deficiency. Excess production (higher than the
producer's allotment) can be sold to fill other producers'
deficiencies. All of this needs to take place by November 1.
In any given year, the total available supply of spearmint oil is
composed of
[[Page 21219]]
current production plus carry-over stocks from the previous crop. The
Committee seeks to maintain market stability by balancing supply and
demand, and to close the marketing year with an appropriate level of
carryout. If the industry has production in excess of the salable
quantity, then the reserve pool absorbs the surplus quantity of
spearmint oil, which goes unsold during that year, unless the oil is
needed for unanticipated sales.
Under its provisions, the order may attempt to stabilize prices by
(1) limiting supply and establishing reserves in high production years,
thus minimizing the price-depressing effect that excess producer stocks
have on unsold spearmint oil, and (2) ensuring that stocks are
available in short supply years when prices would otherwise increase
dramatically. The reserve pool stocks grown in large production years
are drawn down in short crop years.
An econometric model was used to assess the impact that volume
control has on the prices producers receive for their commodity.
Without volume control, spearmint oil markets would likely be over-
supplied, resulting in low producer prices and a large volume of oil
stored and carried over to the next crop year. The model estimates how
much lower producer prices would likely be in the absence of volume
controls.
The Committee estimated the trade demand for the 2008-2009
marketing year for both classes of oil at 2,170,000 pounds, and that
the expected combined carry-in will be 56,433 pounds. This results in a
combined required salable quantity of 2,113,567 pounds. Therefore, with
volume control, sales by producers for the 2008-2009 marketing year
will be limited to 2,177,815 pounds (the recommended salable quantity
for both classes of spearmint oil).
The recommended salable percentages, upon which 2008-2009 producer
allotments are based, are 50 percent for Scotch and 53 percent for
Native. Without volume controls, producers would not be limited to
these allotment levels, and could produce and sell additional
spearmint. The econometric model estimated a $1.40 decline in the
season average producer price per pound (from both classes of spearmint
oil) resulting from the higher quantities that would be produced and
marketed without volume control. The surplus situation for the
spearmint oil market that would exist without volume controls in 2008-
2009 also would likely dampen prospects for improved producer prices in
future years because of the buildup in stocks.
The use of volume controls allows the industry to fully supply
spearmint oil markets while avoiding the negative consequences of over-
supplying these markets. The use of volume controls is believed to have
little or no effect on consumer prices of products containing spearmint
oil and will not result in fewer retail sales of such products.
The Committee discussed alternatives to the recommendations
contained in this rule for both classes of spearmint oil. The Committee
discussed and rejected the idea of recommending that there not be any
volume regulation for both classes of spearmint oil because of the
severe price-depressing effects that would occur without volume
control.
The Committee considered various alternative levels of volume
control for Scotch spearmint oil, including increasing the percentage
to a less restrictive level, or decreasing the percentage. After
considerable discussion the Committee unanimously determined that
993,067 pounds and 50 percent would be the most effective salable
quantity and allotment percentage, respectively, for the 2008-2009
marketing year.
The Committee also considered various alternative levels of volume
control for Native spearmint oil. After considerable discussion the
Committee unanimously determined that 1,184,748 pounds and 53 percent
would be the most effective salable quantity and allotment percentage,
respectively, for the 2008-2009 marketing year.
As noted earlier, the Committee's recommendation to establish
salable quantities and allotment percentages for both classes of
spearmint oil was made after careful consideration of all available
information, including: (1) The estimated quantity of salable oil of
each class held by producers and handlers; (2) the estimated demand for
each class of oil; (3) the prospective production of each class of oil;
(4) the total of allotment bases of each class of oil for the current
marketing year and the estimated total of allotment bases of each class
for the ensuing marketing year; (5) the quantity of reserve oil, by
class, in storage; (6) producer prices of oil, including prices for
each class of oil; and (7) general market conditions for each class of
oil, including whether the estimated season average price to producers
is likely to exceed parity. Based on its review, the Committee believes
that the salable quantity and allotment percentage levels recommended
will achieve the objectives sought.
Without any regulations in effect, the Committee believes the
industry would return to the pronounced cyclical price patterns that
occurred prior to the order, and that prices in 2008-2009 would decline
substantially below current levels.
As stated earlier, the Committee believes that the order has
contributed extensively to the stabilization of producer prices, which
prior to 1980 experienced wide fluctuations from year-to-year. National
Agricultural Statistics Service records show that the average price
paid for both classes of spearmint oil ranged from $4.00 per pound to
$11.10 per pound during the period between 1968 and 1980. Prices have
been consistently more stable since the marketing order's inception in
1980, with an average price for the period from 1980 to 2006 of $12.69
per pound for Scotch spearmint oil and $9.89 per pound for Native
spearmint oil.
According to the Committee, the recommended salable quantities and
allotment percentages are expected to achieve the goals of market and
price stability.
As previously stated, annual salable quantities and allotment
percentages have been issued for both classes of spearmint oil since
the order's inception. Reporting and recordkeeping requirements have
remained the same for each year of regulation. These requirements have
been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB Control
No. 0581-0178, Vegetable and Specialty Crops. Accordingly, this action
will not impose any additional reporting or recordkeeping requirements
on either small or large spearmint oil producers and handlers. As with
all Federal marketing order programs, reports and forms are
periodically reviewed to reduce information requirements and
duplication by industry and public sector agencies.
The AMS is committed to complying with the E-Government Act, to
promote the use of the Internet and other information technologies to
provide increased opportunities for citizen access to Government
information and services, and for other purposes.
As noted in the initial regulatory flexibility analysis, USDA has
not identified any relevant Federal rules that duplicate, overlap, or
conflict with this final rule.
In addition, the Committee's meeting was widely publicized
throughout the spearmint oil industry and all interested persons were
invited to attend the meeting and participate in Committee
deliberations on all issues. Like all Committee meetings, the October
17, 2007, meeting was a public meeting and all entities, both large and
small, were able to express views on this issue.
[[Page 21220]]
A proposed rule concerning this action was published in the Federal
Register on February 15, 2008 (73 FR 8825). Copies of the rule were
provided to Committee staff, which in turn made it available to
spearmint oil producers, handlers, and other interested persons.
Finally, the rule was made available through the Internet by USDA and
the Office of the Federal Register. A 30-day comment period, ending
March 17, 2008, was provided to allow interested persons to respond to
the proposal. No comments were received.
A small business guide on complying with fruit, vegetable, and
specialty crop marketing agreements and orders may be viewed at: http:/
/www.ams.usda.gov/fv/moab.html. Any questions about the compliance
guide should be sent to Jay Guerber at the previously mentioned address
in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
After consideration of all relevant matter presented, including the
information and recommendation submitted by the Committee and other
available information, it is herby found that this rule, as hereinafter
set forth, will tend to effectuate the declared policy of the Act.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 985
Marketing agreements, Oils and fats, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Spearmint oil.
0
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR Part 985 is amended as
follows:
PART 985--MARKETING ORDER REGULATING THE HANDLING OF SPEARMINT OIL
PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST
0
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR part 985 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.
0
2. A new Sec. 985.227 is added to read as follows:
[Note: This section will not appear in the Code of Federal
Regulations.]
Sec. 985.227 Salable quantities and allotment percentages--2008-2009
marketing year.
The salable quantity and allotment percentage for each class of
spearmint oil during the marketing year beginning on June 1, 2008,
shall be as follows:
(a) Class 1 (Scotch) oil--a salable quantity of 993,067 pounds and
an allotment percentage of 50 percent.
(b) Class 3 (Native) oil--a salable quantity of 1,184,748 pounds
and an allotment percentage of 53 percent.
Dated: April 15, 2008.
Lloyd C. Day,
Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service.
[FR Doc. E8-8468 Filed 4-18-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P
