Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines, 3568-3614 [E7-25394]

Agencies

• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 13 (Friday, January 18, 2008)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 3568-3614]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-25394]



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Part III





Environmental Protection Agency





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40 CFR Parts 60, 63, 85 et al.



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 Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal 
Combustion Engines and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines; Final Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 13 / Friday, January 18, 2008 / Rules 
and Regulations

[[Page 3568]]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 60, 63, 85, 90, 1048, 1065, and 1068

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0030, FRL-8512-4]
RIN 2060-AM81


Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal 
Combustion Engines and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is promulgating new source standards of performance for 
stationary spark ignition internal combustion engines. EPA is also 
promulgating national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants 
for new and reconstructed stationary reciprocating internal combustion 
engines that either are located at area sources of hazardous air 
pollutant emissions or that have a site rating of less than or equal to 
500 brake horsepower and are located at major sources of hazardous air 
pollutant emissions.

DATES: This final rule is effective on March 18, 2008. The 
incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the final 
rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of March 
18, 2008.

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID 
No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0030. EPA also relies on materials in Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0029 and incorporates that docket into the record for 
the final rule. All documents in the docket are listed on the 
www.regulations.gov Web site. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet and will be 
publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket 
materials are available either electronically through 
www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Headquarters Library, 
Room Number 3334, EPA West Building, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., 
Washington, DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room hours of operation will 
be 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through 
Friday. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-
1744, and the telephone number for the Air and Radiation Docket and 
Information Center is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Jaime Pag[aacute]n, Energy 
Strategies Group, Sector Policies and Programs Division (D243-01), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 
27711; telephone number (919) 541-5340; facsimile number (919) 541-
5450; e-mail address pagan.jaime@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Background Information Document. EPA proposed new source 
performance standards (NSPS) for stationary spark ignition internal 
combustion engines, and national emission standards for hazardous air 
pollutants (NESHAP) for stationary reciprocating internal combustion 
engines that either are located at area sources of hazardous air 
pollutant emissions or that have a site rating of less than or equal to 
500 brake horsepower and are located at major sources of hazardous air 
pollutant emissions, on June 12, 2006 (71 FR 33803), and received 46 
comment letters on the proposal. A background information document BID) 
(``Response to Public Comments on Proposed Standards of Performance for 
Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines and National 
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary 
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines'') containing EPA's responses 
to each public comment and the Economic Impact Analysis Report are 
available in Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0030.
    Organization of This Document. The following outline is provided to 
aid in locating information in the preamble.

I. General Information
    A. Does this action apply to me?
    B. Where can I get a copy of this document?
    C. Judicial Review
    D. Why is EPA not promulgating a final decision on existing 
stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines?
II. Background
III. Summary of the Final Rule
    A. What is the source category regulated by the final rule?
    B. What are the pollutants regulated by the final rule?
    C. What are the final standards?
    D. What are the requirements for sources that are modified or 
reconstructed?
    E. What are the requirements for demonstrating compliance?
    F. What are the reporting and recordkeeping requirements?
IV. Summary of Significant Changes Since Proposal
    A. Compliance Dates
    B. Distinguishing Sources Based on Size
    C. Hydrocarbon Limit
    D. Alternative Limits in Concentration Units
    E. Emergency Engine Standards
    F. Emergency Engine Definition
    G. Manufacturer O&M Requirements
    H. Streamlined Compliance Requirements
V. Summary of Responses to Major Comments
    A. Compliance Dates
    B. Final Hydrocarbon Emission Limits
    C. Emergency Engine Standards
    D. Emergency Engine Definition
    E. Manufacturer O&M Requirements
    F. Streamlined Compliance Requirements
VI. Summary of Environmental, Energy and Economic Impacts
    A. What are the air quality impacts?
    B. What are the cost impacts?
    C. What are the benefit estimates?
    D. What are the economic impacts?
    E. What are the non-air health, environmental and energy 
impacts?
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations.
    K. Congressional Review Act

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    Categories and entities potentially regulated by this action 
include:

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                Category                          NAICS \1\                 Examples of regulated entities
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Any manufacturer that produces or any    2211......................  Electric power generation, transmission, or
 industry using a stationary internal                                 distribution.
 combustion engine as defined in the
 final rule.
                                         622110....................  Medical and surgical hospitals.
                                         335312....................  Motor and generator manufacturing.
                                         333912....................  Pump and compressor manufacturing.
                                         333992....................  Welding and soldering equipment
                                                                      manufacturing.
                                         48621.....................  Natural gas transmission.
                                         211111....................  Crude petroleum and natural gas production.
                                         211112....................  Natural gas liquids producers.
                                         92811.....................  National security.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. To determine whether your engine is regulated by this action, 
you should examine the applicability criteria of the final rule. If you 
have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a 
particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

B. Where can I get a copy of this document?

    In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy of 
this final action will also be available on the Worldwide Web (WWW) 
through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature, a 
copy of this final action will be posted on the TTN's policy and 
guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated rules at the following 
address: https://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/. The TTN provides information 
and technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control.

C. Judicial Review

    Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), judicial review 
of these final rules is available only by filing a petition for review 
in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by 
September 14, 2007. Under section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA, only an 
objection to these final rules that was raised with reasonable 
specificity during the period for public comment can be raised during 
judicial review. Moreover, under section 307(b)(2) of the CAA, the 
requirements established by these final rules may not be challenged 
separately in any civil or criminal proceedings brought by EPA to 
enforce these requirements.

D. Why is EPA not promulgating a final decision for existing stationary 
reciprocating internal combustion engines?

    In the notice of proposed rulemaking for this rule, published on 
April 12, 2006, EPA proposed maximum achievable control technology 
(MACT) and generally available control technology (GACT) standards of 
no emission reductions for existing engines. During the comment period 
following the proposal, EPA received several comments indicating that 
the proposed emission standards for existing engines were not 
appropriate. In addition, since the publication of the proposed 
rulemaking, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 
Circuit issued a ruling on March 13, 2007 involving litigation on the 
Brick MACT, which set emission standards for major sources. (40 CFR 
part 63, subpart JJJJJ) that appears to impact EPA's ability to 
finalize its proposed ``no reduction'' MACT standards for existing 
sources. Sierra Club v. EPA, 479 F.3d 875 (DC Cir 2007). Among other 
things, the D.C. Circuit found unlawful EPA's no emission reduction 
control floors, which EPA established for categories in which the best 
performers used no emission reduction control technology. Because in 
the proposed rule EPA used a MACT floor methodology similar to the 
methodology used in the Brick MACT, EPA intends to re-evaluate the MACT 
floors for existing major sources that have a site rating of less than 
or equal to 500 brake horsepower consistent with the Court's decision 
in the Brick MACT case. EPA also intends to re-evaluate the standards 
for existing area sources in light of the comments received on the 
proposed rule.
    For these reasons, this final rule does not promulgate any 
standards with regards to existing engines. EPA's plan is to engage in 
a separate rulemaking process that will focus on existing sources. EPA 
intends to gather further information on existing engines and then 
promulgate standards that will take into account the comments it has 
received, the intervening court decision, and any new information EPA 
receives as a part of the rulemaking process. EPA expects to propose 
standards early in 2009.

II. Background

    This action promulgates new source performance standards (NSPS) 
that would apply to new, modified and reconstructed stationary spark 
ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE). New source performance 
standards implement section 111(b) of the CAA, and are issued for 
categories of sources which cause, or contribute significantly to, air 
pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health 
or welfare. The standards apply to new stationary sources of emissions, 
i.e., sources whose construction, reconstruction, or modification 
begins after a standard for those sources is proposed. The NSPS for 
stationary SI ICE is promulgated under 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ.
    This action also promulgates national emission standards for 
hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) from new and reconstructed stationary 
reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) with a site rating of 
less than or equal to 500 horsepower (HP) located at major sources, and 
new and reconstructed

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stationary RICE located at area sources. The NESHAP are promulgated 
under 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ.

III. Summary of the Final Rule

A. What is the source category regulated by the final rule?

    The final NSPS apply to new stationary SI ICE. A stationary 
internal combustion engine means any internal combustion engine, except 
combustion turbines, that converts heat energy into mechanical work and 
is not mobile. Stationary ICE differ from mobile ICE in that a 
stationary internal combustion engine is not a nonroad engine as 
defined at 40 CFR 1068.30, and is not used to propel a motor vehicle or 
a vehicle used solely for competition. Stationary ICE include 
reciprocating ICE, rotary ICE, and other ICE, except combustion 
turbines. The final NESHAP apply only to stationary RICE. To our 
knowledge, no rotary or other types of stationary ICE exist at this 
time.
    The SI NSPS address emissions from new, modified and reconstructed 
stationary SI engines. An SI engine is either a gasoline-fueled engine; 
or any other type of engine, with a spark plug (or other sparking 
device) and with operating characteristics significantly similar to the 
theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark ignition engines usually use a 
throttle to regulate intake air flow to control power during normal 
operation. Dual-fuel engines in which a liquid fuel (typically diesel 
fuel) is used for compression ignition and gaseous fuel (typically 
natural gas) is used as the primary fuel at an annual average ratio of 
less than 2 parts diesel fuel to 100 parts total fuel on an energy 
equivalent basis are considered SI engines for purposes of the final 
rule.
    The final NESHAP address emissions from new and reconstructed 
stationary engines less than or equal to 500 HP located at major 
sources and all new and reconstructed stationary engines located at 
area sources. A major source of HAP emissions is a plant site that 
emits or has the potential to emit any single hazardous air pollutant 
(HAP) at a rate of 10 tons (9.07 megagrams) or more per year or any 
combination of HAP at a rate of 25 tons (22.68 megagrams) or more per 
year, except that for oil and gas production facilities, a major source 
of HAP emissions is determined for each surface site. An area source of 
HAP emissions is a source that is not a major source.
    If you are an owner or operator of an area source subject to the 
final rule, you are exempt from the obligation to obtain a permit under 
40 CFR part 70 or 71, provided you are not required to obtain a permit 
under 40 CFR 70.3(a) or 40 CFR 71.3(a) for a reason other than your 
status as an area source under the final rule.
1. SI NSPS
    New source performance standards for stationary SI engines are 
issued under section 111(b) of the CAA. All new, modified and 
reconstructed stationary SI engines are covered regardless of size. The 
NSPS apply to stationary SI engines combusting any fuel (natural gas, 
gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas, 
landfill gas, digester gas, and any other applicable fuel). New source 
performance standards require these sources to control emissions to the 
level achievable by best demonstrated technology (BDT), considering 
costs and any non-air quality health and environmental impacts and 
energy requirements.
    Under section 111 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. 7411, the Administrator is 
required to publish, and periodically update, a list of source 
categories that in his or her judgment cause, or contribute 
significantly to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to 
endanger public health or welfare. This list appears in 40 CFR 60.16. 
The list reflects the Administrator's determination that emissions from 
the listed source categories contribute significantly to air pollution 
that may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or 
welfare, and it is intended to identify major source categories for 
which standards of performance are to be promulgated.
    EPA has determined that for purposes of NSPS regulations, the 
stationary internal combustion engine source category should be split 
into two source categories--SI engines and compression ignition (CI) 
engines. Final NSPS for stationary CI engines were published on July 
11, 2006 (71 FR 39154).
2. NESHAP
    The NESHAP portion of this action is a revision to the regulations 
in 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ, currently applicable to stationary 
RICE greater than 500 HP located at major sources, which were 
promulgated in 2004. When the subpart ZZZZ of 40 CFR part 63 
regulations were promulgated in 2004 (69 FR 33474), EPA deferred 
promulgating regulations with respect to stationary engines 500 HP or 
less at major sources until further information on the engines could be 
obtained and analyzed. It was decided to regulate these smaller engines 
at the same time as EPA regulates engines located at area sources.
    This action revises 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ, in order to 
address HAP emissions from new and reconstructed stationary RICE less 
than or equal to 500 HP located at major sources and new and 
reconstructed stationary RICE located at area sources. For stationary 
engines less than or equal to 500 HP at major sources, EPA must 
determine what is the appropriate MACT for those engines under section 
112(d)(3) of the CAA.
    For stationary engines located at area sources, EPA has the 
flexibility to promulgate standards based on GACT under CAA section 
112(d)(5). EPA listed stationary RICE located at area sources under 
sections 112(c)(3) and 112(k) of the CAA, and consistent with section 
112(c)(3) is establishing standards for the source category in this 
final rule. The criteria relevant to EPA's listing of this area source 
category is set forth in the Urban Air Toxics Strategy described in the 
paragraph below.
    On July 19, 1999, EPA announced in the Federal Register its plan 
for addressing exposure to air toxics in urban areas. The strategy 
addressed sections 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B)(ii) of the CAA that 
instruct EPA to identify not less than 30 HAP which, as the result of 
emissions from area sources, present the greatest threat to public 
health in the largest number of urban areas, and to list sufficient 
area source categories or subcategories to ensure that emissions 
representing 90 percent of the 30 listed HAP are subject to regulation. 
The strategy included a list of 30 HAP judged to pose the greatest 
potential threat to public health in the largest number of urban areas 
(the urban HAP). In the strategy, EPA also listed the area source 
categories that account for 90 percent of the urban HAP emissions. EPA 
listed the stationary internal combustion engine source category under 
section 112(c)(3) and (k) for the following urban HAP: 7 PAH, 
acetaldehyde, arsenic, benzene, beryllium compounds, cadmium compounds 
and formaldehyde. Pursuant to section 112(c), the listed area source 
categories shall be subject to standards under section 112(d) of the 
CAA.
3. Differentiation by Fuel Type
    The final rule differentiates between gasoline, LPG, natural gas, 
and digester and landfill gas. Gasoline and LPG are fuels more commonly 
used in nonroad engines than stationary engines. Nonroad SI engines 
less than or equal to 19 kilowatt (KW) (25 HP) typically use gasoline. 
It is estimated that about 68 percent of SI nonroad engines above 19 KW 
(25 HP) use LPG. A smaller

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percentage of nonroad SI engines above 19 KW (25 HP) use gasoline 
(about 23 percent) and even less use compressed natural gas (about 9 
percent). Natural gas fuel is more common in larger, stationary 
applications. Natural gas engines refer to all gaseous-fueled engines 
except those fueled by landfill and digester gas. Natural gas is 
primarily composed of methane and typically contains very low levels of 
sulfur. Other fuels used with stationary SI engines are landfill and 
digester gases. These gases are by-products of wastewater treatment and 
land application of municipal reuse. Landfill and digester gases, which 
are formed through anaerobic decomposition of organic materials, are 
principally comprised of methane and carbon dioxide, but small 
quantities of other compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, 
volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter (PM) may also be 
present. Although similar in composition to natural gas, there are some 
differences in the emissions from combustion of landfill and digester 
gases due to e.g., chlorinated compounds are typically not found in 
natural gas. Both landfill and digester gases contain a family of 
silicon-based gases collectively called siloxanes. Combustion of 
siloxanes forms compounds that have been known to foul fuel systems, 
combustion chambers, and post-combustion catalysts.

B. What are the pollutants regulated by the final rule?

    The pollutants to be regulated by the final NSPS for stationary SI 
engines are nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), and 
volatile organic compounds (VOC). In addition, a sulfur limit on 
gasoline is being finalized.
    The final NESHAP regulate HAP (for areas sources, the NESHAP 
regulates the seven urban HAP listed above) through formaldehyde, CO, 
or VOC which EPA has established are appropriate surrogates for HAP 
emissions from certain engine types.

C. What are the final standards?

    A description of the final standards is provided in the following 
sections.
1. SI NSPS
    a. Stationary SI Engines <=19 KW (25 HP). The final standards 
affect manufacturers, owners, and operators of stationary SI engines. 
Engine manufacturers must certify their stationary SI engines with a 
maximum engine power less than or equal to 19 KW (25 HP) that are 
manufactured after July 1, 2008, to the certification emission 
standards for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 90, as applicable. 
The standards applicable to these engines are summarized in Table 1 of 
this preamble.

  Table 1.--NOX, HC, NMHC, and CO Emission Standards in g/KW-hr (g/HP-hr) for Stationary SI Engines <=19 KW (25
                                                       HP)
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                                                                     Emission standards in g/KW-hr (g/HP-hr) b
                         Engine class a                          -----------------------------------------------
                                                                      HC+NOX        NMHC+NOX c          CO
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I...............................................................            16.1            14.8             610
                                                                          (12.0)          (11.0)           (455)
I-A.............................................................              50  ..............
                                                                              37  ..............
I-B.............................................................              40              37
                                                                            (30)          (27.6)
II..............................................................            12.1            11.3
                                                                           (9.0)           (8.4)
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a Class I-A: Engines with displacement less than 66 cubic centimeters (cc); Class I-B: Engines with displacement
  greater than or equal to 66 cc and less than 100 cc; Class I: Engines with displacement greater than or equal
  to 100 cc and less than 225 cc; Class II: Engines with displacement greater than or equal to 225 cc.
b Modified and reconstructed engines manufactured prior to July 1, 2008, must meet the standards applicable to
  engines manufactured after July 1, 2008.
c NMHC+NOX standards are applicable only to natural gas fueled engines at the option of the manufacturer, in
  lieu of HC+NOX standards.

    b. Stationary Non-Emergency SI Gasoline Engines >19 KW (25 HP) and 
Rich Burn LPG Engines >19 KW (25 HP). Engine manufacturers must certify 
their stationary non-emergency SI engines with a maximum engine power 
greater than 19 KW (25 HP) and less than 500 HP that use gasoline or 
rich burn engines greater than 19 KW (25 HP) and less than 500 HP that 
use LPG that are manufactured after July 1, 2008, to the certification 
emission standards for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 1048, as 
applicable. Engine manufacturers must certify their stationary non-
emergency SI engines with a maximum engine power greater than or equal 
to 500 HP that use gasoline or rich burn engines greater than or equal 
to 500 HP that use LPG that are manufactured after July 1, 2007, to the 
certification emission standards for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR 
part 1048. The standards applicable to manufacturers of non-emergency 
engines greater than 19 KW (25 HP) that are gasoline or rich burn 
engines that use LPG are summarized in Table 2 of this preamble.

 Table 2.--NOX, HC, and CO Emission Standards in g/KW-hr (g/HP-hr) for Manufacturers of Stationary Non-Emergency
                   SI Gasoline Engines >19 KW (25 HP) and Rich Burn LPG Engines >19 KW (25 HP)
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                                                                                 Emission requirement in g/KW-hr
                                                                                         (g/HP-hr) a, b
             Maximum engine power                      Manufacture date        ---------------------------------
                                                                                     HC+NOX             CO
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25=500 d....................................  July 1, 2007...................             2.7              4.4
                                                                                          (2.0)            (3.3)
                                               July 1, 2007...................             2.7            130.0
                                               (severe duty e)................            (2.0)           (97.0)
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a You may optionally certify your engines according to the following formula instead of the standards in Table 2
  of this preamble: (HC+NOX) CO0.784<=8.57. The HC+NOX and CO emission levels you select to satisfy this
  formula, rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/KW-hr, become the emission standards that apply for those engines. You
  may not select an HC+NOX emission standard higher than 2.7 g/KW-hr or a CO emission standard higher than 20.6
  g/KW-hr.
b Provisions in 40 CFR part 1048 allow engines with a maximum engine power at or below 30 KW (40 HP) with a
  total displacement at or below 1,000 cubic centimeters (cc) to comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 90.
c Modified and reconstructed engines between 25 and 500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2008, must meet the
  standards applicable to engines manufactured after July 1, 2008.
d Modified and reconstructed engines greater than or equal to 500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2007, must
  meet the standards applicable to engines manufactured after July 1, 2007.
e Severe-duty engines are engines used in, for example, concrete saws, concrete pumps, and similar severe
  applications where air-cooled engines must be used. There are expected to be very few, if any, severe-duty
  stationary engines.

    In addition to the emission standards shown in Table 2 of this 
preamble, there are separate field testing standards required under 40 
CFR part 1048 that are part of the certification requirements for 
engine manufacturers.
    c. Stationary Non-Emergency SI Natural Gas Engines 19X, HC, and 
CO emission standards in 40 CFR 1048.101(c), as summarized in Table 3 
of this preamble.

    Table 3.--NOX, HC, and CO Emission Standards in g/KW-hr (g/HP-hr) for Owners/Operators of Stationary Non-
      Emergency SI Natural Gas Engines 19=100 HP and 
Lean Burn LPG Engines >=100 HP. Owners and operators who purchase 
stationary SI engines with a maximum engine power between 100 HP and 
500 HP that are natural gas engines or lean burn engines using LPG that 
are manufactured between July 1, 2008 and January 1, 2011, must limit 
their exhaust emissions of NOX to 2.0 g/HP-hr, emissions of 
CO to 4.0 g/HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 1.0 g/HP-hr. Owners and 
operators may as an alternative limit their exhaust emissions of 
NOX to 160 parts per million by volume, dry basis (ppmvd) at 
15 percent oxygen (O2), emissions of CO to 540 ppmvd at 15 
percent O2, and emissions of VOC to 86 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2 instead of the g/HP-hr limits.

[[Page 3573]]

    Stationary SI engines with a maximum engine power between 100 HP 
and 500 HP that are natural gas engines or lean burn engines using LPG 
that are manufactured after January 1, 2011, must limit their exhaust 
emissions of NOX to 1.0 g/HP-hr, emissions of CO to 2.0 g/
HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 0.7 g/HP-hr. Again, owners and operators 
may as an alternative limit their exhaust emissions of NOX 
to 82 ppmvd at 15 percent O2, emissions of CO to 270 ppmvd 
at 15 percent O2, and emissions of VOC to 60 ppmvd at 15 
percent O2 instead of the g/HP-hr limits.
    Owners and operators who purchase stationary SI engines with a 
maximum engine power greater than or equal to 500 HP that are natural 
gas engines or lean burn engines using LPG that are manufactured after 
July 1, 2007, must limit their exhaust emissions of NOX to 
2.0 g/HP-hr, emissions of CO to 4.0 g/HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 
1.0 g/HP-hr, except that these standards apply to lean burn engines 
between 500 and 1,350 HP manufactured after January 1, 2008. Instead of 
complying with limits in terms of g/HP-hr, owners and operators may 
limit their exhaust emissions of NOX to 160 ppmvd at 15 
percent O2, emissions of CO to 540 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2, and emissions of VOC to 86 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2.
    Stationary SI engines with a maximum engine power greater than or 
equal to 500 HP that are natural gas engines or lean burn engines using 
LPG that are manufactured after July 1, 2010, must limit their exhaust 
emissions of NOX to 1.0 g/HP-hr, emissions of CO to 2.0 g/
HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 0.7 g/HP-hr. Instead of complying with 
limits in terms of g/HP-hr, owners and operators may limit their 
exhaust emissions of NOX to 82 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2, emissions of CO to 270 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2, and emissions of VOC to 60 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2.
    Engine manufacturers may voluntarily certify their stationary non-
emergency SI natural gas engines greater than or equal to 100 HP and 
lean burn LPG engines greater than or equal to 100 HP, but the 
certification is not required by the rule. Additionally, for natural 
gas engines below 500 HP manufactured prior to January 1, 2011, and 
natural gas engines greater than or equal to 500 HP manufactured prior 
to July 1, 2010, engine manufacturers may choose to certify their 
engines to the standards for non-severe duty engines in 40 CFR part 
1048 (see Table 2 of this preamble).
    A summary of the emission standards that apply to stationary non-
emergency SI natural gas engines greater than or equal to 100 HP and 
lean burn LPG engines greater than or equal to 100 HP are shown in 
Table 4 of this preamble.
    For lean burn LPG engines greater than or equal to 100 HP, 
manufacturers may certify these engines to the certification emission 
standards in 40 CFR part 1048 instead of the emission standards shown 
in Table 4 of this preamble.

 Table 4.--NOX, CO, and VOC Emission Standards for Stationary SI Engines >=100 HP (Except Gasoline and Rich Burn
           LPG), Stationary SI Landfill/Digester Gas Engines, and Stationary Emergency Engines >25 HP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              Emission standards \a\
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
      Engine type and fuel         Maximum engine    Manufacture          g/HP-hr             ppmvd at 15% O2
                                        power            date    -----------------------------------------------
                                                                    NOX     CO      VOC     NOX     CO      VOC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-Emergency SI Natural Gas     100<=HP<500.......     7/1/2008     2.0     4.0     1.0     160     540      86
 and Non-Emergency SI Lean Burn
 LPG.
                                                        1/1/2011     1.0     2.0     0.7      82     270      60
Non-Emergency SI Lean Burn       500>=HP<1,350.....     1/1/2008     2.0     4.0     1.0     160     540      86
 Natural Gas and LPG.
                                                        7/1/2010     1.0     2.0     0.7      82     270      60
Non-Emergency SI Natural Gas     HP>=500...........     7/1/2007     2.0     4.0     1.0     160     540      86
 and Non-Emergency SI Lean Burn
 LPG (except lean burn
 500>=HP<1,350).
                                 HP>=500...........     7/1/2010     1.0     2.0     0.7      82     270      60
Landfill/Digester Gas (except    HP<500............     7/1/2008     3.0     5.0     1.0     220     610      80
 lean burn 500>=HP<1,350).
                                                        1/1/2011     2.0     5.0     1.0     150     610      80
                                 HP>=500...........     7/1/2007     3.0     5.0     1.0     220     610      80
                                                        7/1/2010     2.0     5.0     1.0     150     610      80
Landfill/Digester Gas lean burn  500>=HP<1,350.....     1/1/2008     3.0     5.0     1.0     220     610      80
                                                        7/1/2010     2.0     5.0     1.0     150     610      80
Emergency......................  25>HP<130.........     1/1/2009  \b\ 10     387     N/A     N/A     N/A     N/A
                                 HP>=130...........  ...........     2.0     4.0     1.0     160     540     86
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Owners and operators of stationary non-certified SI engines may choose to comply with the emission standards
  in units of either g/HP-hr or ppmvd at 15 percent O2.
\b\ The emission standards applicable to emergency engines between 25 HP and 130 HP are in terms of NOX+HC.

    e. Stationary SI Landfill/Digester Gas Engines. Owners and 
operators who purchase stationary landfill or digester SI engines that 
are manufactured after July 1, 2007, that are greater than or equal to 
500 HP must limit their exhaust emissions of NOX to 3.0 g/
HP-hr, emissions of CO to 5.0 g/HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 1.0 g/
HP-hr, except that these standards apply to lean burn engines between 
500 and 1,350 HP manufactured after January 1, 2008. Instead of 
complying with limits in terms of g/HP-hr, owners and operators may 
limit their exhaust emissions of NOX to 220 ppmvd at 15 
percent O2, emissions of CO to 610 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2, and emissions of VOC to 80 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2.
    Stationary landfill and digester gas SI engines greater than or 
equal to 500 HP that are manufactured after July 1, 2010, must limit 
their exhaust emissions of NOX to 2.0 g/HP-hr, emissions of 
CO to 5.0 g/HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 1.0 g/HP-hr. Instead of 
complying with limits in terms of g/HP-hr, owners and operators may 
limit their exhaust emissions of NOX to 150 ppmvd at 15 
percent O2, emissions of CO to 610 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2, and emissions of VOC to 80 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2.

[[Page 3574]]

    Stationary SI engines that use landfill or digester gas that are 
less than 500 HP are given an extra 12 months to comply with the 
standards. The first stage of limits of 3.0, 5.0, and 1.0 g/HP-hr, for 
NOX, CO, and VOC, respectively (or 220, 610, and 80 ppmvd at 
15 percent O2), applies to landfill and digester gas engines 
manufactured after July 1, 2008. The second stage of limits of 2.0, 
5.0, and 1.0 g/HP-hr, for NOX, CO, and VOC, respectively (or 
150, 610, and 80 ppmvd at 15 percent O2), applies to 
landfill and digester gas engines manufactured after January 1, 2011. 
The emission standards applicable to stationary SI landfill and 
digester gas engines are shown in Table 4 of this preamble.
    Engine manufacturers may voluntarily certify their stationary SI 
landfill and digester gas engines to the emission standards in Table 4 
of this preamble, but the certification is not required by the final 
rule.
    f. Stationary Emergency SI Engines >19 KW (25 HP). For stationary 
SI engines greater than 25 HP that are emergency engines, the final 
rule sets a single stage of emission limits; however, EPA has 
determined that it is appropriate to have separate standards for 
stationary emergency engines above and below 130 HP.
    Owners and operators who purchase stationary emergency engines 
greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP that are manufactured after 
January 1, 2009, must limit their exhaust emissions of 
HC+NOX to 10.0 g/HP-hr and emissions of CO to 387 g/HP-hr. 
These standards are consistent with the Phase I emission standards for 
Class II nonroad engines in 40 CFR part 90.
    Owners and operators who purchase stationary emergency engines 
greater than or equal to 130 HP that are manufactured after January 1, 
2009, must limit their exhaust emissions of NOX to 2.0 g/HP-
hr, emissions of CO to 4.0 g/HP-hr, and emissions of VOC to 1.0 g/HP-
hr. Instead of complying with limits in terms of g/HP-hr, owners and 
operators may limit the exhaust emissions from their emergency engines 
to 160 ppmvd of NOX at 15 percent O2, 540 ppmvd 
of CO at 15 percent O2, and 86 ppmvd of VOC at 15 percent 
O2.
    Engine manufacturers may voluntarily certify their stationary 
emergency SI engines greater than 25 HP, but the certification is not 
required by the rule, except for manufacturers of gasoline or LPG rich 
burn emergency engines, who must certify their engines to the standards 
in 40 CFR part 90 (for engines below 130 HP) or 40 CFR part 1048 (for 
engines at or above 130 HP--see Table 2 of this preamble).
    g. Fuel Requirements. In addition to emission standards, the final 
rule requires that owners and operators who use gasoline in their 
stationary SI engine must use gasoline that meets the requirements of 
40 CFR 80.195. The requirements include a gasoline sulfur per gallon 
cap of 80 parts per million (ppm).
2. NESHAP
    a. Engines <=500 HP at Major Sources. Owners and operators of new 
and reconstructed stationary SI engines with a site rating of equal to 
or less than 500 HP located at a major source of HAP emissions (except 
new or reconstructed 4-stroke lean burn (4SLB) stationary RICE with a 
site rating of greater than or equal to 250 and less than or equal to 
500 brake HP located at major source of HAP emissions), must meet the 
requirements of the final SI NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ). Thus, 
if the owners and operators are in compliance with 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart JJJJ, they would also be in compliance with 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart ZZZZ, for engines equal to or less than 500 HP located at a 
major source (except for 4SLB engines greater than or equal to 250 and 
less than or equal to 500 brake HP located at a major source). The 
requirements that apply under 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ, were 
discussed in the previous section of this preamble.
    Similarly, owners and operators of new and reconstructed stationary 
CI engines with a site rating of equal to or less than 500 HP located 
at a major source of HAP emissions must meet the requirements of the 
final CI NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII). If the owners and 
operators are in compliance with 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, they 
would also be in compliance with 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ, for 
engines equal to or less than 500 HP located at a major source.
    Owners and operators of new or reconstructed 4SLB SI stationary 
engines with a site rating of greater than or equal to 250 and less 
than or equal to 500 brake HP located at a major source are required to 
either reduce CO emissions by 93 percent or more, or limit the 
concentration of formaldehyde in the stationary engine exhaust to 14 
ppmvd or less, at 15 percent O2. These engines would also be 
required to meet the requirements in the final SI NSPS, but do not have 
to comply with the CO emission standards of the SI NSPS if in 
compliance with the NESHAP.
    b. Engines at Area Sources. Owners and operators of new and 
reconstructed stationary engines located at area sources of HAP 
emissions must meet the requirements of the final CI NSPS (40 CFR part 
60, subpart IIII) or SI NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ), as 
appropriate. If the owners and operators are in compliance with either 
40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII or JJJJ, as appropriate, they would also 
be in compliance with 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ, for new and 
reconstructed engines located at an area source.

D. What are the requirements for sources that are modified or 
reconstructed?

1. SI NSPS
    The final standards apply to stationary SI engines subject to the 
SI NSPS that are modified or reconstructed after June 12, 2006. The 
definitions for modification and reconstruction are given in 40 CFR 
60.14 and 40 CFR 60.15, respectively. A stationary engine that is 
overhauled as part of a maintenance program is not considered a 
modification if there is no increase in emissions.
    Stationary SI ICE less than or equal to 19 KW (25 HP) manufactured 
prior to July 1, 2008, that are modified or reconstructed after June 
12, 2006, are required to meet the standards that apply to engines 
manufactured after July 1, 2008 (January 1, 2009 for emergency 
engines).
    Stationary SI gasoline and rich burn LPG engines between 25 HP and 
500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2008, that are modified or 
reconstructed after June 12, 2006, are required to meet the standards 
applicable to engines manufactured after July 1, 2008 (January 1, 2009 
for emergency engines).
    Stationary SI natural gas and lean burn LPG engines greater than 25 
HP and less than 100 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2008, that are 
modified or reconstructed after June 12, 2006, are required to meet the 
NOX, HC, and CO emission standards in 40 CFR 1048.101(c), as 
summarized in Table 3 of this preamble.
    Stationary SI gasoline and rich burn LPG engines greater than or 
equal to 500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2007, that are modified 
or reconstructed after June 12, 2006, are required to meet the 
standards applicable to engines manufactured after July 1, 2007.
    Stationary SI natural gas and lean burn LPG engines greater than or 
equal to 100 HP and less than 500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 
2008, that are modified or reconstructed after June 12, 2006, are 
required to meet a NOX emission standard of 3.0 g/HP-hr, a 
CO standard of 4.0 g/HP-hr, and a VOC standard of 1.0 g/HP-hr. Instead 
of meeting emission standards in terms of

[[Page 3575]]

g/HP-hr, owners and operators may meet NOX, CO, and VOC 
emission standards of 250, 540, and 86 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2, respectively.
    Stationary non-emergency SI natural gas and lean burn LPG engines 
greater than or equal to 500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2007, (or 
January 1, 2008, for lean burn natural gas engines greater than or 
equal to 500 HP and less than 1,350 HP) that are modified after June 
12, 2006, are required to meet a NOX emission standard of 
3.0 g/HP-hr, a CO standard of 4.0 g/HP-hr, and a VOC standard of 1.0 g/
HP-hr. Again, instead of meeting emission standards in terms of g/HP-
hr, owners and operators may meet NOX, CO, and VOC emission 
standards of 250, 540, and 86 ppmvd at 15 percent O2, 
respectively.
    Stationary SI landfill and digester gas engines less than 500 HP 
manufactured prior to July 1, 2008, that are modified or reconstructed 
after June 12, 2006, are required to meet a NOX emission 
standard of 3.0 g/HP-hr, a CO standard of 5.0 g/HP-hr, and a VOC 
standard of 1.0 g/HP-hr.
    Stationary SI landfill and digester gas engines greater than or 
equal to 500 HP manufactured prior to July 1, 2007, that are modified 
after June 12, 2006, are required to meet a NOX emission 
standard of 3.0 g/HP-hr, a CO standard of 5.0 g/HP-hr, and a VOC 
standard of 1.0 g/HP-hr. For all modified and reconstructed SI landfill 
and digester gas engines, instead of meeting emission standards in 
terms of g/HP-hr, owners and operators may meet NOX, CO, and 
VOC emission standards of 220, 610, and 80 ppmvd at 15 percent 
O2.
    Stationary SI emergency engines greater than or equal to 130 HP 
manufactured prior to January 1, 2009, that are modified or 
reconstructed after June 12, 2006, are required to meet a 
NOX emission standard of 3.0 g/HP-hr, a CO standard of 4.0 
g/HP-hr, and a VOC standard of 1.0 g/HP-hr. Instead of meeting emission 
standards in terms of g/HP-hr, owners and operators may meet 
NOX, CO, and VOC emission standards of 250, 540, and 86 
ppmvd at 15 percent O2. Stationary SI emergency engines 
between 25 HP and 130 HP manufactured prior to January 1, 2009, that 
are modified or reconstructed after June 12, 2006, are required to meet 
a HC+NOX emission standard of 10.0 g/HP-hr and a CO standard 
of 387 g/HP-hr.
2. NESHAP
    Similar concepts as those discussed above apply to engines subject 
to 40 CFR part 63 regulations; however, the concept of modification is 
not included in 40 CFR part 63. The final standards apply to stationary 
engines subject to the NESHAP that commence reconstruction on or after 
June 12, 2006, and the reconstruction criteria are provided in 40 CFR 
63.2.

E. What are the requirements for demonstrating compliance?

    The following sections describe the requirements for demonstrating 
compliance under the stationary SI NSPS and NESHAP.
1. SI NSPS
    Owners and operators subject to the emission standards specified in 
the final rule who use stationary SI engines with a maximum engine 
power of less than or equal to 19 KW (25 HP) or who use stationary SI 
engines with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25 HP) and use 
gasoline or are rich burn engines greater than 19 KW (25 HP) using LPG 
must demonstrate compliance by using an engine certified to the 
emission standards specified in 40 CFR part 90 or 1048, as applicable.
    Owners and operators subject to the final rule who use stationary 
SI engines with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25 HP) that 
use fuels other than gasoline and that are not rich burn engines 
greater than 19 KW (25 HP) that use LPG, must demonstrate compliance by 
either using an engine certified to the emission standards specified in 
Tables 3 or 4 of this preamble, as applicable, or by conducting an 
initial performance test (and potentially subsequent performance 
testing depending on the engine size) to demonstrate compliance with 
the emission standards.
    Owners and operators of all stationary engines subject to the 
requirements of the SI NSPS must keep records of maintenance conducted 
on the engine. Owners and operators of stationary non-certified 
engines, which include certified engines operating in a non-certified 
manner, must keep a maintenance plan. Owners and operators of certified 
engines may demonstrate compliance by operating and maintaining their 
stationary engine and aftertreatment control device (if any) according 
to the manufacturer's emission-related written instructions and do not 
have to conduct any performance testing.
    Owners and operators of certified engines who do not follow the 
manufacturer's emission-related operation and maintenance procedures 
will be considered non-certified engines and will be subject to 
performance testing. Certified engines operating in a non-certified 
manner that are less than 100 HP do not have to conduct performance 
testing to demonstrate compliance. Certified engines operating in a 
non-certified manner that are greater than or equal to 100 HP and less 
than or equal to 500 HP, however, must conduct an initial performance 
test within the first year of engine operation to demonstrate 
compliance with the emission standards. Finally, certified engines 
operating in a non-certified manner that are greater than 500 HP must 
conduct a performance test within the first year of operation and every 
8,760 hours of operation or 3 years thereafter to demonstrate 
compliance. Owners and operators of engines that have never been 
certified that are greater than 25 HP and less than or equal to 500 HP 
must conduct an initial performance test to demonstrate compliance with 
the emission standards. As mentioned, all engines are subject to 
recordkeeping of maintenance, which includes these engines. Owners and 
operators of engines that have never been certified that are greater 
than 500 HP must conduct an initial performance test to demonstrate 
compliance and must test every 8,760 hours of operation or 3 years 
after that.
    Manufacturers of stationary SI engines required to certify their 
engines must demonstrate compliance by certifying that their stationary 
SI engines meet the emission standards, as specified in 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart JJJJ, as applicable, using the certification procedures in 
subpart B of 40 CFR part 90 or subpart C of 40 CFR part 1048, as 
applicable, and must test their engines as specified in those parts. 
Manufacturers who conduct voluntary certification must follow the same 
test procedures that apply to large SI nonroad engines under 40 CFR 
part 1048, but must use the D-1 cycle in International Organization for 
Standardization (ISO) 8178-4: 1996(E) for stationary engines or the 
test cycle requirements specified in Table 5 to 40 CFR 1048.505, except 
that Table 5 to 40 CFR 1048.505 applies to high load engines only.
    Manufacturers who opt to voluntarily certify their stationary SI 
engines to the emission standards specified in this subpart must 
certify their engines using fuel that meets the definition of pipeline-
quality natural gas, which according to the definition must be composed 
of at least 70 percent methane by volume or have a gross calorific 
value between 950 and 1,100 British thermal units per standard cubic 
foot.
    If the manufacturer chooses to certify its stationary SI engines to 
another fuel, the manufacturer must specify the properties of that fuel 
and what adjustments the owner or operator must make to the engine 
during installation in the field in order to meet the

[[Page 3576]]

emission standards. The manufacturer must also perform certification 
testing on the engine on that fuel, as it would if it was certifying to 
pipeline-quality natural gas, in order to assure compliance with the 
emission standards. Manufacturers who conduct voluntary certification 
of stationary SI ICE must also provide instructions to the owner and 
operator for configuring the stationary engine to meet the emission 
standards on fuels that meet the pipeline-quality natural gas 
specifications and fuels that do not meet the pipeline-quality natural 
gas specifications. The manufacturer must provide information to the 
owner and operator of the certified stationary SI engine regarding the 
particular fuels to which the engine is certified, and instructions 
regarding configuring the engine in a manner most appropriate for 
reducing pollutant emissions for engines operating on such fuels.
    EPA allows owners and operators of natural gas engines to use 
propane as back up fuel for emergency purposes for no more than 100 
hours per year. If propane is used for more than 100 hours per year in 
an engine that is not certified to the emission standards when using 
propane, the owners and operators are required to conduct a performance 
test to demonstrate compliance with the emission standards.
    Owners and operators that operate engines that have been certified 
by the engine manufacturer are not required to perform any performance 
testing unless the engine is operated outside of the fuel properties or 
emission-related operation and maintenance procedures specified by the 
manufacturer. If the owner or operator uses fuels that are outside of 
the fuel specifications or does not follow the emission-related 
adjustments or maintenance requirements specified by the manufacturer, 
the engine is no longer considered a certified engine and the owner or 
operator must test the engine to demonstrate compliance.
    Regarding stationary rich burn engines operating with three-way 
catalysts or non-selective catalytic reduction, EPA expects that air-
to-fuel ratio controllers will be used in conjunction with the control 
device. The AFR controller must be operated in an appropriate manner to 
ensure proper operation of the engine and control device in order to 
minimize emissions.
2. NESHAP
    For most engines (i.e. except those discussed in the following 
paragraph), owners and operators of new and reconstructed stationary SI 
RICE equal to or less than 500 HP located at a major source of HAP 
emissions and stationary RICE located at an area source, will be able 
to demonstrate compliance with the NESHAP if they meet the requirements 
of the final SI NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ). Similarly, owners 
and operators of new and reconstructed stationary CI engines with a 
site rating of equal to or less than 500 HP located at a major source 
of HAP emissions, will be able to demonstrate compliance with the 
NESHAP if they meet the requirements of the final CI NSPS (40 CFR part 
60, subpart IIII). If the owners and operators are in compliance with 
40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ or IIII, as applicable, they will also be 
in compliance with 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ, for engines equal to 
or less than 500 HP located at a major source. The compliance 
requirements that apply under 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ, were 
discussed in the previous section. For the majority of stationary CI 
engines, all that is required under 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, is 
that the owner or operator purchase a certified stationary CI engine 
and operate it properly and according to the manufacturer's 
specifications.
    Owners and operators of new or reconstructed 4SLB stationary RICE 
greater than or equal to 250 HP and less than or equal to 500 brake HP 
located at major source are required to follow the compliance 
requirements specified in 40 CFR part 63, subpart ZZZZ, consistent with 
the compliance requirements for 4SLB stationary RICE greater than 500 
HP located at a major source. Those compliance requirements include 
demonstrating compliance by conducting an initial performance test. 
These engines must also conduct a subsequent performance test 
semiannually if they are complying with the requirement to reduce CO 
emissions and not using a continuous emissions monitoring system, and 
if they are complying with the requirement to limit the concentration 
of formaldehyde in the stationary engine exhaust. Under the NESHAP, 
these engines must either reduce CO emissions or limit the 
concentration of formaldehyde. In addition, these engines would be 
required to meet the requirements in the final SI NSPS. However, these 
engines do not have to comply with the CO emission standards of the SI 
NSPS if in compliance with the NESHAP.

F. What are the reporting and recordkeeping requirements?

    The following sections describe the reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements that are required under the SI NSPS and the NESHAP.
1. SI NSPS
    Owners and operators of all engines (certified and non-certified) 
are required to maintain records of proper maintenance and non-
certified engines must keep a maintenance plan. An initial notification 
is required for owners and operators of engines greater than 500 HP 
that are non-certified. Also, owners and operators who conduct 
performance testing are required to report the test results within 60 
days of each performance test.
    Owners and operators of emergency engines are required to keep 
records of their hours of operation. For emergency engines greater than 
or equal to 130 HP, this requirement starts for engines manufactured 
after the point when more stringent emission standards take effect for 
non-emergency engines, either in July 2010 or January 2011, depending 
on the power rating of the engine. For emergency engines below 130 HP, 
the requirement to keep records of the hours of operation begins for 
all engines manufactured after January 1, 2009. Owners and operators of 
emergency engines must install a non-resettable hour meter on their 
engines to record the necessary information. Emergency stationary 
engines may be operated for the purpose of maintenance checks and 
readiness testing, provided that the tests are recommended by the 
Federal, State or local government, the manufacturer, the vendor, or 
the insurance company associated with the engine. Maintenance checks 
and readiness testing of such units is limited to 100 hours per year. 
Owners and operators can petition the Administrator for additional 
hours, beyond the allowed 100 hours per year, if such additional hours 
should prove to be necessary for maintenance and testing reasons. A 
petition is not required if the hours beyond 100 hours per year for 
maintenance and testing purposes are mandated by regulation such as 
State or local requirements. There is no time limit on the use of 
emergency stationary engines in emergency situations, however, the 
owner or operator is required to record the length of operation and the 
reason the engine was in operation during that time. Records must be 
maintained documenting why the engine was operating to ensure the 100 
hours per year limit for maintenance and testing operation is not 
exceeded. In addition, owners and operators are allowed to operate 
their emergency en