Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Order, 65842-65859 [07-5767]

Agencies

• Agricultural Marketing Service
• DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 225 (Friday, November 23, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 65842-65859]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 07-5767]



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Part II





Department of Agriculture





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Agricultural Marketing Service



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7 CFR Part 1221



Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Order; Proposed Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 225 / Friday, November 23, 2007 / 
Proposed Rules

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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 1221

[Docket No. AMS-LS-07-0056; LS-07-02]


Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Order

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Agriculture (USDA) is seeking comments 
regarding the establishment of an industry-funded promotion, research, 
and information program for sorghum, which includes, but is not limited 
to, grain sorghum, sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, 
sorghum billets, and sorghum silage. For the purpose of clarity, the 
term sorghum will mean all the above mentioned types of sorghum unless 
specifically identified otherwise. The proposed Order would be 
implemented under the Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information 
Act of 1996 (Act). The proposed Sorghum Promotion, Research, and 
Information Order (Order) would establish a national Sorghum Promotion, 
Research, and Information Board (Board) comprised initially of 13 
sorghum producers. Producers and importers would pay assessments based 
on the value of the sorghum they produce or import. A referendum would 
be conducted 3 years after assessments begin to determine if sorghum 
producers and importers favor the program.

DATES: Comments must be received by January 22, 2008. Pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35) (PRA), comments on the 
information collection burden that would result from this proposal must 
be received by January 22, 2008.

ADDRESSES: Comments must be posted online at https://www.regulations.gov 
or sent to Kenneth R. Payne, Chief, Marketing Programs, Livestock and 
Seed Program, AMS, USDA, Room 2628-S, STOP 0251, 1400 Independence 
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-0251; Telephone: (202) 720-1115; Fax: 
(202) 720-1125. Comments will be made available for public inspection 
at the above address during regular business hours or via the Internet 
at https://www.regulations.gov. All comments should reference the docket 
number, Docket No. AMS-LS-07-0056; LS-07-02, the date, and the page 
number of this issue of the Federal Register.
    Pursuant to the PRA, send comments regarding the accuracy of the 
burden estimate; ways to minimize the burden, including the use of 
automated collection techniques or other forms of information 
technology; or any other aspect of this information collection to the 
above address. In addition, comments concerning the information 
collection also should be sent to the Desk Officer for Agriculture, 
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and 
Budget, New Executive Office Building, 725 17th St., NW., Room 725, 
Washington, DC 20503.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kenneth R. Payne, Chief, Marketing 
Programs Branch; Telephone: (202) 720-1115; Fax: (202) 720-1125, or e-
mail Kenneth.Payne@usda.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This proposed Order is issued pursuant to 
the Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7411-7425).

Executive Order 12988

    This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, 
Civil Justice Reform. It is not intended to have retroactive effect. 
Section 524 of the Act provides that the Act shall not affect or 
preempt any other Federal or State law authorizing promotion or 
research relating to an agricultural commodity.
    Under Section 519 of the Act, a person subject to the Order may 
file a petition with the Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary) stating 
that the Order, any provision of the Order, or any obligation imposed 
in connection with the Order is not established in accordance with the 
law, and may request a modification of the Order or an exemption from 
the Order. Any petition filed challenging the Order, any provision of 
the Order, or any obligation imposed in connection with the Order, 
shall be filed within 2 years after the effective date of the Order, 
provision, or obligation subject to challenge in the petition. The 
petitioner will have the opportunity for a hearing on the petition. 
Thereafter, the Secretary will issue a ruling on the petition. The Act 
provides that the district court of the U.S. for any district in which 
the petitioner resides or conducts business shall have the jurisdiction 
to review a final ruling on the petition if the petitioner files a 
complaint for that purpose not later than 20-days after the date of the 
entry of the Secretary's final ruling.

Executive Order 13132

    This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 13132, 
Federalism. This Order directs agencies to construe, in regulations and 
otherwise, a Federal Statute to preempt State law only when the statute 
contains an express preemption provision. Section 524 of the Act 
provides that the Act shall not affect or preempt any other Federal or 
State law authorizing promotion or research relating to an agricultural 
commodity.
    Six States currently have State-legislated sorghum research and 
promotion programs. In accordance with the Act, this proposed rule 
would not preempt any of these State-legislated programs. Further, 
section 1221.112(j) of the proposed Order provides for an annual 
allocation to State programs based on the State's proportional 
contribution of total assessments collected by the national program.
    In 2005 and 2006, representatives of the 6 State-legislated sorghum 
promotion programs were among other sorghum industry representatives 
who met with AMS representatives to discuss the possibility of 
implementing a national sorghum promotion, research, and information 
program. State program representatives participated in the development 
of the provisions of the proposed Order during these meetings and 
through direct communication with the National Sorghum Producers (NSP) 
during the drafting of their proposal.
    Not only were the States informed throughout the development of the 
national program, they were instrumental in the sorghum industry's 
decision to institute a national program. In addition to receiving 
support from NSP and the U.S. Grains Council, an organization that is 
dedicated to expanding export opportunities and markets for sorghum and 
sorghum products, industry and producer organizations from four of the 
largest grain sorghum producing States have expressed their support for 
the proposed Order--Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Oklahoma. New Mexico, 
a producer of grain sorghum and sorghum silage, has also expressed 
support. Within these States, the following organizations have 
indicated their interest in establishing the program: The Texas Grain 
Sorghum Board; the Texas Grain Sorghum Association; the Kansas Grain 
Sorghum Producers Association; the Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission; the 
Nebraska Grain Sorghum Producers Association; the Oklahoma Grain 
Sorghum Association; and the New Mexico Grain Sorghum Association.

Executive Order 12866

    This proposed rule has been determined not significant for purposes 
of Executive Order 12866 and therefore

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has not been reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    In accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 
601-612), USDA is required to examine the impact of the proposed rule 
on small entities. The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions 
to the scale of businesses subject to such actions so that small 
businesses will not be disproportionately burdened.
    The Act authorizes generic programs of promotion, research, and 
information for agricultural commodities. Congress found that it is in 
the national public interest and vital to the welfare of the 
agricultural economy of the U.S. to maintain and expand existing 
markets and develop new markets and uses for agricultural commodities 
through industry-funded, Government-supervised, commodity promotion 
programs.
    The Order is intended to develop and finance, through assessments, 
an effective and coordinated program of promotion, research, and 
information to maintain and expand the markets for sorghum. While the 
proposed Order would impose certain reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements on persons subject to the Order, the information required 
under the proposed Order could generally be compiled from records 
currently maintained.
    Under the proposed Order, first handlers would remit assessments 
collected from producers to the Board. First handlers would also be 
required to keep records and provide information to the Board that it 
deems necessary. Currently, first handlers already complete and 
maintain the same or similar information for existing State sorghum and 
soybean programs, as well as for the Soybean Checkoff Program (7 CFR 
part 1221). Reporting forms would require the minimum information 
necessary to fulfill the intent of the Act. Such records and reports 
would be retained for 2 years beyond the fiscal year of their 
applicability. First handlers would also be required to make available, 
to the Secretary, their books and records in order to determine 
compliance with the Order.
    In addition to paying assessments, producers would have a reporting 
and recordkeeping burden. This burden relates to producers and 
importers who would seek nomination to serve on the Board, request an 
organic exemption, request a refund of assessments paid, or vote in a 
nation-wide referendum. The proposed Order requires producers to keep 
records and to provide information to the Board or the Secretary when 
requested and to keep records to qualify for a refund. However, it is 
not anticipated that producers would be required to regularly submit 
assessment and other related information to the Board. Information 
could be obtained through an audit of producers' records to confirm 
information provided by first handlers or as part of the Board's 
compliance program.
    When seeking nominations to serve on the Board, producers would be 
required to complete two forms that would be submitted to the 
Secretary.
    Any producer paying assessments could request a refund of 
assessments paid by submitting an application to the Board. Refunds 
would be made only if the program was not approved in referendum.
    With regard to imports of sorghum, U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection (Customs) would collect and remit assessments from importers 
to the Board. Customs would also provide information to the Board 
regarding the value and volume of imported sorghum, and therefore it is 
not anticipated that importers would have any regular reporting burden. 
The proposed Order would require importers to keep records and to 
provide information to the Board or the Secretary, when requested, and 
to keep records to qualify for a refund. Information could be obtained 
through an audit of importers' records to confirm information provided 
by Customs or as part of the Board's compliance program.
    Importers would have similar reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements as producers concerning nominations to serve on the Board, 
organic exemptions, refunds of assessments paid, or referendums.
    The Small Business Administration (SBA) [13 CFR 121.201] defines 
small agricultural service businesses as those whose annual receipts 
are less than $6.5 million. According to the National Agricultural 
Statistics Service (NASS) 2002 Census of Agriculture, there are 22 
grain sorghum producing States and approximately 3,000 wholesale grain 
merchants who would be considered first handlers under the proposed 
Order, in these 22 States. By calculating the average values of product 
sold by grain merchants in each of the 22 grain sorghum producing 
States, one can determine that 16 States have wholesale grain 
industries where, on average, the wholesalers each sold in excess of 
$6.5 million per year. This gives a rough approximation that as many as 
73 percent of wholesale grain elevators in grain sorghum producing 
States may have annual sales in excess of $6.5 million and therefore 
would not be considered small businesses.
    Based upon data collected from State sorghum boards, NSP estimates 
that approximately 1,150 first handlers of grain sorghum could be 
affected. This number represents the number of wholesale grain 
merchants who buy grain sorghum out of the approximately 3,000 
wholesale grain merchants identified in the paragraph above. Although 
State promotion, research, and information programs do not currently 
exist for sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, sorghum 
billets, or sorghum silage, NSP estimates that approximately 700 first 
handlers of these products could be affected. This was determined 
through discussions with State sorghum promotions program 
representatives and State organizations representing sorghum producers. 
In order to have as much information as possible, we are inviting 
comments on the number and size of handlers of all types of sorghum 
that would be affected by this proposed Order.
    Under SBA criteria, importers of sorghum are considered 
agricultural service businesses. The proposed Order defines an importer 
as a person who imports more than 1,000 bushels of grain sorghum, or 
5,000 tons of sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, sorghum 
billets, or sorghum silage during a calendar year.
    At present, a relatively small amount of grain sorghum is imported 
into the U.S., and the exact number of sorghum importers who would be 
affected by the proposed Order is not known. It is believed that most 
grain sorghum imports are related to sorghum seed breeding activities 
at the present time. For the purpose of this initial Regulatory 
Flexibility Analysis, we therefore will assume that some importers 
would be small businesses.
    For 2005, United States International Trade Commission (USITC) 
database reports indicate that there were 24,549 bushels of grain 
sorghum imported, valued at $96,800. Based upon 2005 NASS data, this 
total would equal approximately 0.01 percent of the value of the 
domestic grain sorghum crop. In 2006, USITC database reports indicate 
that there were 2,547 bushels of grain sorghum imported, valued at 
$46,000. Using 2006 NASS data, this would again equal approximately 
0.01 percent of the value of the domestic grain sorghum crop. Using 
data from USITC reports for January-August 2007, the amount of grain 
sorghum imported is currently 75,497 bushels, valued at $374,000. Based 
upon NASS projections for the upcoming marketing year, grain sorghum 
imports would equal approximately 0.02 percent of the value

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of the 2007 domestic grain sorghum crop.
    In order to have as much information as possible for a 
comprehensive analysis of sorghum importers, we are inviting comments 
regarding the importation, marketing, and uses of all types of imported 
sorghum.
    The SBA defines small agricultural producers as those having annual 
receipts of not more than $750,000 annually. According to the NASS 2002 
Census of Agriculture, the average grain sorghum farm size was 204 
acres. The USDA Economic Research Service's (ERS) Feed Grains Data Base 
Yearbook Tables indicate that for 2002 the weighted average farm price 
for grain sorghum was $2.32 and that, on average, 50.6 bushels per acre 
were produced. Based on these figures, the average value of grain 
sorghum produced would be $23,948. Accordingly, most grain sorghum 
producers subject to this proposed Order would be classified as small 
businesses.
    Sufficient data is not available to make similar calculations for 
the burden of assessments on sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum 
haylage, sorghum billets, sorghum silage and sorghum seed producers. We 
are therefore inviting comments regarding the burden of assessments on 
all types of sorghum.
    ERS report Feed Outlook, August 14, 2007, forecasted grain sorghum 
production of 475 million bushels in 2007, making it the largest 
production year since 2001. If this level of production were realized, 
the proposed Board would collect $9.4 million in assessments on grain 
sorghum. While ERS does not provide a production forecast for sorghum 
silage, NASS reports that 4,642,000 tons of sorghum silage were 
produced in 2006. NASS does not estimate the value of sorghum silage, 
but at $18 per ton, an estimate provided by NSP, the Board would 
collect approximately $2.9 million from sorghum silage. Were production 
and prices to remain at these record levels, the Board could collect 
approximately $12.3 million from domestic production of grain and 
silage sorghum and $2,244 from imported grain sorghum.
    An estimate of the grain sorghum assessments that would have been 
paid by producers in 2002 can be calculated by multiplying the average 
farm size (204 acres) by the average production (50.6 bushels per acre) 
by the price received ($2.32 per bushel) by the proposed grain sorghum 
assessment rate of 6 tenths of one percent of the value of the grain 
sorghum (0.006). The burden to each farm can be estimated to be 
approximately $144 for 2002. In this example, the year 2002 was 
selected because it is the most recent NASS Census of Agriculture 
reporting farm size.
    Sufficient data is not available to make a more accurate forecast 
of assessment collections on sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum 
haylage, sorghum billets, and sorghum silage production. We therefore 
are also inviting comments regarding the production and value of all 
types of sorghum.
    In addition to sorghum first handlers, importers, and producers, 
there are other entities affected by the proposed Order. State, 
regional and national organizations representing sorghum producers and 
importers would have a role in the proposed Order. There would be some 
burden on producer organizations that voluntarily request to 
participate in the program by becoming certified to make nominations to 
the Board. AMS estimates that two organizations within each State would 
request certification. It is not known at this time how many sorghum 
producer organizations may wish to be certified.
    If this proposed Order is implemented, AMS would publish a notice 
in the Federal Register announcing that it would accept applications 
for certification of organizations to participate in the nomination of 
Board members pursuant to criteria in section 1221.107. Certified 
organizations would be required to re-submit applications for 
certification periodically. It is anticipated that this would occur 
every 5 years.
    Additionally, there would be a burden on sorghum producer 
organizations requesting qualification by the Secretary to receive 
funding from the Board pursuant to section 1221.112(j). Only one 
organization within each State would be qualified by the Secretary to 
receive funding from the Board and preference would be given to 
existing State legislated sorghum promotion organizations. 
Organizations would be required to submit an application for 
qualification to the Secretary pursuant to section 1221.128. It is 
estimated that one organization would be qualified per State although 
it is not required that each State have a qualified organization. 
Qualified organizations receiving funding through the Order would be 
required to re-submit applications for qualification periodically. It 
is anticipated that this would occur every 5 years.
    While the exact number of certified and qualified organizations is 
not known, nonetheless their membership to a great extent would be 
producers who are largely small entities, and, when applicable, 
importers who we assume include small entities.
    With regard to alternatives to this proposed rule, the Act itself 
provides authority to tailor a program according to the individual 
needs of an industry. Section 514 of the Act provides for orders 
applicable to producers, first handlers, and other persons in the 
marketing chain as appropriate. Provision is made for permissive terms 
in an order in Section 516 of the Act and authorizes an order to 
provide for coverage of research, promotion, and information activities 
to expand, improve, or make more efficient the marketing or use of an 
agricultural commodity in both domestic and foreign markets; provision 
for reserve funds; and provision for credits for generic and branded 
activities. In addition, Section 518 of the Act provides for a 
referendum to ascertain approval of an order to be conducted either 
prior to its going into effect or within 3 years after assessments 
first begin under the order. An order also may provide for its approval 
in a referendum to be based upon (1) a majority of those persons 
voting; (2) persons voting for approval who represent a majority of the 
volume of the agricultural commodity; or (3) a majority of those 
persons voting for approval who also represent a majority of the volume 
of the agricultural commodity. Section 515 of the Act provides for 
establishment of a board from among producers, first handlers, and 
others in the marketing chain as appropriate.
    This proposal includes provisions for a delayed referendum. 
Approval would be based upon the majority of those persons voting for 
approval who were engaged in the production or importation of sorghum 
during the representative period established by the Secretary.
    We have not identified any relevant Federal rules that are 
currently in effect that duplicate, overlap, or conflict with this 
rule. While we have performed this initial Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis regarding the impact of this proposed Order on small entities, 
in order to obtain all the data necessary for a comprehensive analysis, 
we invite comments concerning potential effects of the proposed Order. 
In particular, we are seeking information on the number and size of 
first handlers, producers, and importers that would be covered by the 
program. We are also requesting information on certified and qualified 
organizations. In addition, we are interested in more information on 
the number and kind of small entities that may incur benefits or costs 
from

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implementation of the proposed Order and information on expected 
benefits or costs.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    In accordance with OMB regulation (5 CFR part 1320) that implements 
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35) (PRA), AMS 
announces its intention to request approval for a new information 
collection for the proposed sorghum program.
    Under the proposed Order, first handlers would be required to 
collect assessments from producers, file reports with, and submit 
assessments to the Board. While the proposed Order would impose certain 
recordkeeping requirements on first handlers, information required 
under the proposed Order could be compiled from records currently 
maintained. Such records would be retained for at least two years 
beyond the marketing year of their applicability. Each first handler 
would be responsible for the collection of assessments and remittance 
of the assessments to the Board. It is anticipated that the bulk of 
assessments would be submitted to the Board by first handlers who 
purchase sorghum. A producer would be considered a first handler when 
that person markets sorghum of their own production directly to a 
consumer.
    The proposed Order's provisions have been carefully reviewed, and 
every effort has been made to minimize any unnecessary recordkeeping 
costs or requirements.
    The proposed forms would require the minimum information necessary 
to effectively carry out the requirements of the proposed Order, and 
their use is necessary to fulfill the intent of the Act. Such 
information can be supplied without data processing equipment or 
outside technical expertise. In addition, there are no additional 
training requirements for individuals filling out reports and remitting 
assessments to the Board. The forms would be simple and easy to 
understand and place as small a burden as possible on the person 
required to file the information.
    The timing and frequency of collecting information are intended to 
meet the needs of the industry, while minimizing the amount of work 
necessary to fill out the required reports. In addition, the 
information to be included on these forms is not available from other 
sources because such information relates specifically to individual 
producers and first handlers who are subject to the provisions of the 
Act. Therefore, there is no practical method for collecting the 
required information without the use of these forms.
    For the purpose of estimating the cost of reporting and 
recordkeeping, the proposal uses $18.55, the mean hourly earnings of 
first line supervisors and managers of farming, fishing, and forestry 
workers as obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor 
Statistics National Compensation Survey of Occupational Wages.
    Information collection requirements that are included in this 
proposal include:
    (1) Background Information Form (OMB Form No. 0505-0001.
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting for this collection of 
information is estimated to average 0.5 hours per response for each 
producer or importer nominated to serve on the Board.
    Respondents: Producers and importers.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: (26 for initial nominations to the 
Sorghum Board, 8 in the second year, 10 in the third year, and 8 in the 
fourth year, sequencing 8, 10 and 8 annually, thereafter).
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: 0.33.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden on Respondents: 4.29 hours for the 
initial nominations to the Sorghum Board and sequencing 1.3, 1.6, and 
1.3 annually thereafter.
    Total Cost: (Number of respondents x responses per respondent x 
$18.55) $79.58 initial, and sequencing $24.12, $29.68, and $24.12 
annually thereafter.
    (2) Requirement to Maintain Records Sufficient to Verify Reports 
Submitted Under the Order.
    Estimate of Burden: Public recordkeeping burden for keeping this 
information is estimated to average 0.1 hour per recordkeeper 
maintaining such records.
    Recordkeepers: Producers, importers, and first handlers.
    Estimated Number of Recordkeepers: 35,050.
    Estimated Total Recordkeeping Hours: (Number of recordkeepers x 0.1 
hours) 3,502 hours.
    Total Cost: (Number of recordkeepers x 0.1 hour per recordkeeper x 
$18.55) $64,962.
    (3) Remittance Form by Each First Handler.
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of 
information is estimated to average 0.25 hour per first handler.
    Respondents: First handlers.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: (1,150 first handlers of grain 
plus 700 first handlers of silage and hay) 1,850.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: 12.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden on Respondents: (Number of first 
handlers x total number of reports x 0.25 hour per report) 5,550 hours.
    Total Cost: (5,550 hours x $18.55) $102,952.50.
    (4) Application for Refund Form.
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of 
information is estimated to average 0.167 hour per response.
    Respondents: Producers and importers.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: (25 percent of 33,200 total 
producers) 8,300.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: Six.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden: (8,300 producers x 6 reports per 
year x 0.167 hour per report) 8,317 hours.
    Total Cost: (8,317 hours x $18.55) $154,280.
    (5) Application for Certification of Organizations.
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of 
information is estimated to average 0.5 hour per response.
    Respondents: National, State, or regional sorghum associations or 
organizations.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: (Two organizations certified in 
each of 22 sorghum producing States) 44.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: (Estimating 
recertification every 5 years) 0.2.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden: (44 organizations x 0.2 responses x 
0.5 hour per response) 4.4 hours.
    Total Cost: (4.4 hours x $18.55) $81.62.
    (6) Application for Qualification of Organizations.
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of 
information is estimated to average 0.5 hour per response.
    Respondents: State associations or organizations.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: (one organization certified in 
each of 22 sorghum producing States) 22.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: (estimating 
requalification every 5 years) 0.2.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden: (22 organizations x 0.2 responses x 
0.5 hour per response) 2.2 hours.
    Total Cost: $40.81.
    (7) Nominations for Appointments to the Sorghum Board Form.
    Estimate of Burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of 
information is estimated to average 0.5 hour per response.
    Respondents: National, State, or regional sorghum associations and 
organizations.

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    Estimated Number of Respondents: (certified organizations) 22.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: One per year.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden: (22 organizations x 1 response x 0.5 
hour per response) 11 hours.
    Total Cost: (11 hours x $18.55) $204.
    (8) Organic Exemption Form.
    Estimate of Burden: Public recordkeeping burden for this collection 
of information is estimated to average 0.5 hour per exemption form.
    Respondents: Producers and importers.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 10.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: (Annual exemption 
application required) 1.0.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden on Respondents: 5.0 hour.
    Total Cost: (5 hours x $18.55) $92.75.
    (9) Referendum Ballot.
    Estimate of Burden: Public recordkeeping burden for this collection 
of information is estimated to average 0.1 hours per referendum ballot.
    Respondents: Producers and importers.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 8,300.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: (Estimating 
referendums every 5 years) 0.2.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden on Respondents: 166 hours.
    Total Cost: (166 hours x $18.55) $3,079.30.
    Comments are invited on: (a) Whether the proposed collection of 
information is necessary for the proper performance of functions of the 
proposed Order and the USDA's oversight of the program, including 
whether the information will have practical utility; (b) the accuracy 
of USDA's estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of 
information, including the validity of the methodology and assumption 
used; (c) ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the 
information to be collected; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of the 
collection of information on those who are to respond, including the 
use of appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or other 
technological collection techniques or other forms of information 
technology.
    Comments concerning information collection should be sent to the 
address cited under the ADDRESSES section.

Background

    NSP submitted a draft Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information 
Order to USDA on December 28, 2006, along with letters of support from 
nine industry organizations. These letters represent producer 
organizations from five sorghum producing States, NSP, and the U.S. 
Grains Council.
    USDA has modified the proponent's proposal to provide clarity, 
consistency, and correctness with respect to word usage and 
terminology. USDA also changed the proposal to make it consistent to 
other similar national research and promotion programs.
    According to NSP, a national promotion, research, and information 
program for sorghum would allow the industry to address a number of 
production and marketing problems it currently faces. Three main 
problems currently affecting sorghum producers are as follows: lack of 
yield improvement and technology; aggressive market competition; and 
lagging ethanol research. The sorghum industry has declined in recent 
years in both production and acreage.
    State grain sorghum promotion, research, and information programs 
currently exist in Kansas, Texas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and 
Arkansas. These promotion, research, and information programs are based 
on volumetric assessments, so as volumes of grain sorghum change, so do 
the promotion, research, and information assessments. This variability 
leads to sporadic research funding. Also, State programs cannot 
generate a sufficient scale of funding to effectuate large coordinated 
research programs. A national promotion, research, and information 
program would address both of these concerns.
    The proposed Order would be based on value, so variability of 
funding would lessen. Also, the revenue generated by a national 
promotion, research, and information program would reach levels that 
could adequately fund large coordinated research programs in sorghum.
    NSP proposes that the implementation referendum be conducted within 
3 years after assessments begin, which is consistent with the 
provisions of the Act. Approval would be based upon a majority of 
eligible persons voting for approval who have engaged in the production 
or importation of sorghum during the representative period established 
by the Secretary.
    The program would be administered by a 13-member Board appointed by 
the Secretary from industry nominations. The Board would recommend the 
assessment rate, programs and projects, budgets, and any rules and 
regulations that might be necessary for the administration of the 
program. The Board would consist of five producers nominated from the 
State with the largest production, three from the State with the second 
largest production, one from the State with the third largest 
production, and four producers would serve as at-large representatives 
with at least two representatives appointed from States other than the 
top three sorghum producing States.
    Importers would be entitled to one seat if the value of assessments 
collected on imported sorghum reaches or exceeds the production of the 
State with the third largest sorghum production. Currently, imports of 
grain sorghum are very limited and not at a value that would trigger 
the provision of appointing an importer representative to serve on the 
Board. For example, Nebraska was the third largest producer of grain 
sorghum in 2006 at approximately 19,200,000 bushels. Imports of grain 
sorghum in 2006, according to USITC data, were 2,547 bushels.
    For the purpose of establishing the initial Board, USDA grain 
sorghum production data would be used to determine the top three grain 
sorghum producing States. Section 515(3) of the Act provides for 
periodic reapportionment of the Board. The Act provides that at least 
once every 5 years, but not more frequently than once every 3 years the 
Board shall review the geographical distribution of the production of 
the agricultural commodity covered by the Order including the quantity 
or value. If warranted, the Board would recommend reapportionment of 
the Board membership.
    For the purpose of reapportionment under Section 1221.100 of the 
proposed Order, ``production'' means the total assessments collected by 
the Board during the last 5 crop years, excluding the high and low 
years. The key to understanding reapportionment in the proposed Order 
is the definition of production. The proposed Order in section 
1221.100(f) specifically uses the term production and never refers to a 
quantity such as ``bushels'' harvested per acre. The intent of this was 
to use assessment collections as the basis for reapportionment and 
maintain a link to assessment collections.
    The proposed Order would use this definition since it reflects the 
difference in geographic regions found in the sorghum belt where 
sorghum prices vary widely. Furthermore, NASS does not report pricing 
for sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, sorghum billets, and 
sorghum silage, so the Board assessment records will provide a method 
to track the value of all types of sorghum. Using the assessment 
collections would permit the

[[Page 65847]]

Board to analyze sorghum production in a consistent manner and base 
reapportionment decisions on a value as provided for in the Act.
    According to NASS, in 2005 the grain sorghum crop yielded 393.9 
million bushels. Kansas was the largest producer at 195.0 million 
bushels, or 49.5 percent of the total crop. The 2005 grain sorghum crop 
was valued by NASS at $737 million dollars. Conversely, the 1984 grain 
sorghum crop was 866.2 million bushels. Kansas was the largest producer 
at 216.8 million bushels, or 25.0 percent of the total crop. The 1984 
grain sorghum crop was valued by NASS at $2.1 billion dollars.
    The sorghum silage crop in 2005 was 4.2 million tons. Texas was the 
largest producer at 1.5 million tons, or 35.6 percent of the total 
sorghum silage crop. Although NASS does not estimate the value of 
sorghum silage, at $18 per ton, the 2005 crop would be valued at $75.6 
million. The 1984 sorghum silage crop was 6.5 million tons. Kansas was 
the largest producer at 2.1 million tons, or 32.3 percent of the total 
sorghum silage crop. Again, if the silage was valued at $18 per ton, 
the 1984 sorghum silage crop was worth $117.0 million. NASS sorghum 
silage estimates do not include the use of sorghum for haying or 
grazing. Acreage decline has also occurred during this period. In 1984, 
17.3 million acres were planted for grain sorghum and sorghum silage 
while in 2005 only 6.5 million acres were planted. According to the 
NASS 2002 Census of Agriculture, 33,200 farms reported growing grain 
sorghum as a crop for an average of 204 acres per farm. In the NASS 
1997 Census of Agriculture, 50,860 farms reported growing grain sorghum 
as a crop for an average of 170 acres per farm.
    The U.S. is the largest exporter of grain sorghum in the world. 
Mexico and Japan are the largest customers. According to the December 
11, 2006, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates by USDA, in 
the 2006-2007 marketing year, exports will be the single largest use of 
grain sorghum. The feed industry is the largest domestic market for 
grain sorghum.
    Grain sorghum is growing rapidly in industrial usage. Ethanol 
accounts for 23 to 26 percent of domestic grain sorghum use. According 
to NSP, this is the fastest growing segment of use for grain sorghum 
resulting in new ethanol plants in western Kansas and the panhandle of 
Texas. While this is promising, research into starch availability and 
fermentation is significantly less in grain sorghum as compared to some 
other grains. A national promotion, research, and information program 
could invest in this type of research to keep grain sorghum as a viable 
alternative in current ethanol production systems. Additionally, NSP 
estimates there are approximately 3 million acres of forage type 
sorghum planted in the U.S. each year. There is no official data kept 
regarding actual production numbers. However, with the ever increasing 
price of energy worldwide, significant interest has surfaced in the use 
of forage sorghum as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. 
While most of the Department of Energy research and focus is currently 
on crops like switchgrass and corn stubble, both U.S. and international 
research document that forage sorghum has a tremendous ability to 
produce large amounts of cellulosic material while utilizing much less 
water than many other plants. A national promotion, research, and 
information program could invest in this research and better position 
forage sorghum in the forefront of cellulosic ethanol production.
    Grain sorghum yield increases have lagged behind corn, soybeans, 
and cotton in annual increases. Much of the difference in yield 
increases among the crops can be attributed directly to limited 
technology investment related to sorghum production. According to NSP, 
the difference in per acre profitability between corn and sorghum is 
significant. Private industry, in order to maximize stockholder return 
on investment, is investing research dollars in corn, soybeans, and 
cotton, instead of sorghum. Additionally, a survey by Frey \1\ 
documented that there are 545 corn plant breeders including private, 
State, and USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) plant breeders. An 
NSP survey estimates that there are only 20 sorghum plant breeders at 
the private, State, and ARS levels. Therefore, the proponents of the 
proposed Order identify this as an opportunity where a national program 
of promotion, research, and information, through investment in genetic 
research, could improve sorghum yields and expand markets for sorghum.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Frey, K.J. 1996. National plant breeding survey-1. Iowa 
State Univ., Iowa Agr. and Home Econ. Expt. Stn. Spec. Rpt. 98.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Additional basic agricultural research opportunities exist for 
sorghum production. Several crops now have herbicides approved for use 
as over-the-top, postemergence grass control products. Sorghum 
production could benefit from this type of technology and a national 
promotion, research, and information program could fund the research 
needed to make this available for sorghum producers.
    The sorghum industry is facing competition in the marketplace from 
both indirect and direct competitors. Like all agricultural 
commodities, sorghum must compete for a share of customers' dollars. On 
average, approximately 45 percent of U.S. grain sorghum production goes 
to the export market. The top foreign market for U.S. grain sorghum for 
the last ten years has been Mexico. Due to the passage of the North 
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), beginning in 2008, U.S. corn 
will be allowed duty-free entry into Mexico. Currently, cracked corn is 
entering Mexico without tariff and has depressed grain sorghum imports 
into Mexico. When U.S. corn enters duty-free into Mexico, industry 
analysts suggest that a significant portion of the U.S. grain sorghum 
crop will need an alternative market. This will lead to the need for 
greater investment in new market opportunities, domestically as well as 
internationally. This investment could come from a national promotion, 
research, and information program.
    According to NSP information, one key U.S. sorghum competitor is 
Australia. Australian farmers invest 1 percent of the value producers 
receive for grain sorghum each year towards promotion and research, and 
the Australian government invests an additional amount equal to 0.6 
percent of the value producers receive for grain sorghum for research 
and market development. This is an investment of 1.6 percent of the 
value producers receive for grain sorghum. In contrast, all six of the 
current U.S. State grain sorghum checkoff programs, when combined, only 
account for 0.22 percent of value producers receive for grain sorghum. 
The USDA, through the ARS, invests 0.50 percent of the value producers 
receive for grain sorghum into sorghum research. U.S. investment of a 
total of 0.72 percent is less than half of the investment made by 
Australia. A national promotion, research, and information program 
could provide research into alternative uses for sorghum and help 
increase market share.
    The proposed Order would establish an assessment in section 
1221.116 that would be paid by sorghum producers and importers. The 
assessment would be collected and remitted to the Board by first 
handlers. The term ``producer'' is defined in the proposal as any 
person who is engaged in the production and sale of sorghum in the U.S. 
and who owns or shares the ownership and risk of loss of the sorghum.

[[Page 65848]]

    ``Importer'' is defined as any person importing more than 1,000 
bushels of grain sorghum; or 5,000 tons of sorghum forage, sorghum hay, 
sorghum haylage, sorghum billets, or sorghum silage into the U.S. in a 
calendar year as a principal or as an agent, broker, or consignee of 
any person who produces or purchases sorghum outside of the U.S. for 
sale in the U.S., and who is listed as the importer of record for such 
sorghum. ``First handler'' is defined as the first person who buys or 
takes possession (excluding a common or contract carrier of sorghum 
owned by another) of more than 1,000 bushels of grain sorghum; or 5,000 
tons of sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, sorghum billets, 
or sorghum silage from producers in a calendar year for marketing. The 
term first handler includes a producer who markets sorghum of the 
producer's own production directly to consumers. It may also mean the 
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) in any case in which sorghum is 
pledged as collateral for a loan issued under any CCC price support 
loan program and the sorghum is forfeited by the producer in lieu of 
loan repayment.
    The definition of first handler is constructed so that any 
commercial grain elevator would meet the requirement of the definition 
by buying more than the minimum amount of grain sorghum in a calendar 
year and therefore would assess all grain sorghum purchased. The 
definition of first handler is designed to exclude small cattle feeding 
operations and dairies that would buy less than 1,000 bushels of grain 
sorghum or 5,000 tons of sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, 
sorghum billets, or sorghum silage. The proposed Order does not have a 
de minimis clause applicable to producers, but it does define first 
handler and importer in a way as to exclude very small entities.
    As mentioned above, the approximately 1,850 first handlers of 
sorghum would collect and remit assessments to the Board. First 
handlers would remit assessments to the Board on a monthly basis along 
with a report detailing the volume of sorghum on which assessments were 
collected as well as identifying the State in which the sorghum was 
produced. Information regarding the origin of the sorghum's production 
would be necessary so that the Board could make recommendations to USDA 
regarding reapportionment of its membership.
    Section 1221.119 of the proposed Order provides for refunds. Any 
producer or importer from whom an assessment is collected and remitted 
to the Board, or who pays an assessment directly to the Board, through 
the announcement of the results of the implementing referendum, upon 
failure of the referendum would then have the right to receive from the 
Board a refund of assessments paid. Any producer or importer requesting 
a refund would be required to submit an application on the prescribed 
form to the Board within 60 days from the date the assessments were 
paid by such producer or importer, but no later than the date the 
results of the required referendum are announced by the Secretary. 
Section 1221.112(j) proposes an allocation of a portion of all 
assessments collected could be available to qualified State sorghum 
producer organizations. Each year the Board would establish an 
allocation amount of no less than 15 percent but no more than 25 
percent of the total assessments collected on all sorghum available for 
any fiscal period, less the expenses incurred by the Secretary for 
administration and supervision of the Order. The funds could be made 
available for use by qualified sorghum producer organizations pursuant 
to section 1221.128 for State programs of promotion, research, and 
information. Amounts allocated by the Board for State promotion, 
research, and information programs would be based on requests submitted 
to the Board by qualified sorghum producer organizations. An important 
aspect of the availability of an allocation to a qualified State 
organization is that the organization would not automatically receive a 
15-25 percent allocation. The Board would establish each year that the 
qualified organizations would have to submit requests for the funds, 
which could be for no more than their allocated amount. A detailed 
marketing plan describing projects with budgets would be a part of this 
request to demonstrate that the allocation would be used in a way 
consistent with the Order.
    An example of how an allocation amount would be determined is as 
follows:

    A particular qualified State organization contributes 40 percent 
of the total assessments collected by the Board for the previous 
annual fiscal period. Total assessments collected less the USDA 
expenses for the previous fiscal period were $12,300,000. The Board 
has set the allocation amount at 25 percent. The qualified 
organization representing that State may submit requests up to 
$1,230,000 ($12,300,000 x 40 percent x 25 percent).

    The proposed Order provides for exemptions from assessments under 
specific conditions. Any importer of less than and including 1,000 
bushels of grain sorghum; or 5,000 tons of sorghum forage, sorghum hay, 
sorghum haylage, sorghum billets, or sorghum silage per calendar year 
may claim an exemption from the assessment required under section 
1221.116. An importer desiring an exemption would apply to the Board 
for a certificate of exemption and certify that the importer will 
import less than the above stated quantities of sorghum. The Board 
would then issue a certificate of exemption and the importers who 
receive a certificate of exemption would be eligible for reimbursement 
of assessments collected by Customs. The Board may require persons 
receiving an exemption from assessments to provide to the Board reports 
on the disposition of exempt sorghum and, in the case of importers, 
proof of payment of assessments.
    A producer or importer who operates under an approved National 
Organic Program (NOP) (7 CFR part 205) system plan; produces only 
products that are eligible to be labeled as 100 percent organic under 
the NOP could be exempt from the payment of assessments. The producer 
or importer would submit the request to the Board annually as long as 
the producer continues to be eligible for the exemption.
    The proposed Order submitted by the proponent is summarized as 
follows with discussion of the provisions that were changed.
    Section 1221.1 through 1221.32 of the proposed Order defines 
certain terms such as sorghum, producer, importer, and first handler, 
which are used in the proposed Order. The term ``unit'' was removed as 
unnecessary from the definitions and section 1221.101 was amended to 
eliminate the use of the term.
    Section 1221.100 through 1221.111 includes provisions relating to 
the Board. These provisions cover establishment and membership, 
nominations, nominee's agreement to serve, appointment, term of office, 
vacancies, removal, certification of organizations, procedure, 
compensation and reimbursement, power and duties, and prohibited 
activities. The Board is the governing body authorized to administer 
the Order through the implementation of programs, plans, projects, 
budgets, and contracts to promote and disseminate information about 
sorghum, subject to oversight of the Secretary. Section 1221.106, 
removal, was added to make the proposal consistent with similar orders 
and to express the Secretary's authority to remove any person from the 
Board under certain circumstances. Section 1221.107 was amended by 
adding paragraph (c) to express the primary considerations in 
determining the

[[Page 65849]]

certification of an organization to nominate persons to serve on the 
Board.
    Section 1221.112 through 1221.120 covers expenses and assessments. 
Sections 1221.112 through 1221.115 include provisions relating to 
budget and expenses, financial statements, operating reserve, and 
investment of funds. Section 1221.116 through 1221.120 include 
provisions related to assessments and specify assessment rates, and the 
imposition of late payment charges. Also included are provisions for 
exemptions, refund, escrow accounts, refunds, and procedures for 
obtaining a refund. Section 116 was amended to specify that if Customs 
does not collect an assessment form an importer, the importer is 
responsible for paying the assessment to the Board.
    Section 1221.221 through 1221.223 covers programs, plans, and 
projects detailing the types of activities to be engaged by the Board. 
Also covered are provisions for an independent evaluation and the 
protection of patents, copyrights, inventions, trademarks, information, 
publications, and product formulations derived from assessment funded 
activities.
    Section 1221.124 through 1221.127 includes provisions for reporting 
requirements on first handlers and importers; books and records; use of 
information; and the confidential treatment of all personally 
identifiable information obtained from books and records of persons 
subject to the Order.
    Section 1221.128 covers the qualification by the Secretary of State 
organizations that would be eligible to receive funding from the Board. 
Section 1221.128 was amended by adding paragraph (e) to express the 
primary considerations in determining the qualification of an 
organization to receive funding.
    Sections 1221.129 through 1221.138 discusses the rights of the 
Secretary; referenda; suspension or termination; proceeding after 
termination; effects of termination or amendment; personal liability; 
separability; amendments; rules and regulations; and OMB numbers.
    While the proposal set forth below has not received the approval of 
USDA, it is determined that the proposed Order is consistent with and 
will effectuate the purposes of the Act.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 1221

    Administrative practice and procedure, Advertising, Sorghum and 
Sorghum product, Consumer information, Marketing agreements, Reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements.
    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, it is proposed that 
Chapter XI of Title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations be amended to 
add Part 1221 as follows:

PART 1221-SORGHUM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER

Subpart A--Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Order

Definitions

Sec.
1221.1 Act.
1221.2 Board.
1221.3 Calendar year.
1221.4 Certified organization.
1221.5 Conflict of interest.
1221.6 Crop year.
1221.7 Customs.
1221.8 Department.
1221.9 First handler.
1221.10 Fiscal period.
1221.11 Handle.
1221.12 Harvest.
1221.13 Importer.
1221.14 Information.
1221.15 Market.
1221.16 Net market price.
1221.17 Net market value.
1221.18 Order.
1221.19 Part and subpart.
1221.20 Person.
1221.21 Producer.
1221.22 Production.
1221.23 Promotion.
1221.24 Qualified sorghum producer organization.
1221.25 Referendum.
1221.26 Research.
1221.27 Secretary.
1221.28 Sorghum.
1221.29 State.
1221.30 Suspend.
1221.31 Terminate.
1221.32 United States.

Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Board

1221.100 Establishment and representation.
1221.101 Nominations.
1221.102 Nominee's agreement to serve.
1221.103 Appointment.
1221.104 Term of office.
1221.105 Vacancies.
1221.106 Removal.
1221.107 Certification of organizations.
1221.108 Procedure.
1221.109 Compensation and reimbursement.
1221.110 Powers and duties.
1221.111 Prohibited activities.

Expenses and Assessments

1221.112 Budget and expenses.
1221.113 Financial statements.
1221.114 Operating reserve.
1221.115 Investment of funds.
1221.116 Assessments.
1221.117 Exemptions.
1221.118 Refund escrow accounts.
1221.119 Refunds.
1221.120 Procedure for obtaining a refund.

Promotion, Research, and Information

1221.121 Programs, plans, and projects.
1221.122 Independent evaluation.
1221.123 Patents, copyrights, inventions, trademarks, information, 
publications, and product formulations.

Reports, Books, and Records

1221.124 Reports.
1221.125 Books and records.
1221.126 Use of information.
1221.127 Confidential treatment.

Qualification of Sorghum Producer Organizations

1221.128 Qualification.

Miscellaneous

1221.129 Right of the Secretary.
1221.130 Referenda.
1221.131 Suspension or termination.
1221.132 Proceedings after termination.
1221.133 Effect of termination or amendment.
1221.134 Personal liability.
1221.135 Separability.
1221.136 Amendments.
1221.137 Rules and regulations.
1221.138 OMB control numbers.

Subparts B Through E--[Reserved]

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 7411-7425.

Subpart A--Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Order

Definitions


Sec.  1221.1  Act.

    Act means the Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 
1996 (7 U.S.C. 7411-7425), and any amendments thereto.


Sec.  1221.2  Board.

    Board or Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Board means 
the administrative body established pursuant to Sec.  1221.100, or such 
other name as recommended by the Board and approved by the Secretary.


Sec.  1221.3  Calendar year.

    Calendar year means the 12-month period from January 1 through 
December 31.


Sec.  1221.4  Certified organization.

    Certified organization means any organization that has been 
certified by the Secretary pursuant to this part as eligible to submit 
nominations for membership on the Board.


Sec.  1221.5  Conflict of interest.

    Conflict of interest means a situation in which a representative or 
employee of the Board has a direct or indirect financial interest in a 
person or business that performs a service for, or enters into a 
contract with, the Board for anything of economic value.

[[Page 65850]]

Sec.  1221.6  Crop year.

    Crop year means the time period by which the USDA reports crop 
production for sorghum and is indicated by the calendar year in which 
sorghum is normally harvested.


Sec.  1221.7  Customs.

    Customs means the U.S. Customs and Border Protection of the U.S. 
Department of Homeland Security.


Sec.  1221.8  Department.

    Department means the United States Department of Agriculture or any 
officer or employee of the USDA to whom authority has heretofore been 
delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in 
the Secretary's stead.


Sec.  1221.9  First handler.

    First handler means the first person who buys or takes possession 
(excluding a common or contract carrier of sorghum owned by another) of 
more than 1,000 bushels of grain sorghum; or 5,000 tons of sorghum 
forage, sorghum hay, sorghum haylage, sorghum billets, or sorghum 
silage from producers in a calendar year for marketing. The term 
``first handler'' includes a producer who markets sorghum of the 
producer's own production directly to consumers. In any case in which 
sorghum is pledged as collateral for a loan issued under any Commodity 
Credit Corporation price support loan program and the sorghum is 
forfeited by the producer in lieu of loan repayment, the Commodity 
Credit Corporation will be considered a first handler.


Sec.  1221.10  Fiscal period.

    Fiscal period means the 12-month period ending on December 31 or 
such other consecutive 12-month period as shall be recommended by the 
Board and approved by the Secretary.


Sec.  1221.11  Handle.

    Handle means to engage in the receiving or acquiring of sorghum and 
in the shipment (except as a common or contract carrier of sorghum 
owned by another) or sale of sorghum, or other activity causing sorghum 
to enter the current of commerce.


Sec.  1221.12  Harvest.

    Harvest means combining or threshing sorghum for grain and/or 
severing the stalks from the land with mechanized equipment.


Sec.  1221.13  Importer.

    Importer means any person importing more than 1,000 bushels of 
grain sorghum; or 5,000 tons of sorghum forage, sorghum hay, sorghum 
haylage, sorghum billets, or sorghum silage into the United States in a 
calendar year as a principal or as an agent, broker, or consignee of 
any person who produces or purchases sorghum outside of the United 
States for sale in the United States, and who is listed as the importer 
of record for such sorghum.


Sec.  1221.14  Information.

    Information means information and programs that are designed to 
develop new markets and marketing strategies; increase market 
efficiency; enhance the image of sorghum on a national or international 
basis; and assist producers in meeting their conservation objectives. 
These include, but are not exclusive to:
    (a) Consumer information, which means any action taken to provide 
information to, and broaden the understanding of, the general public 
regarding the consumption, use, nutritional attributes, and care of 
sorghum;
    (b) Industry information, which means information and programs that 
will lead to the development of new markets, new marketing strategies, 
or increased efficiency for the sorghum industry, and activities to 
enhance the image of the sorghum industry.


Sec.  1221.15  Market.

    Market means to sell or otherwise dispose of sorghum into 
intrastate, interstate, or foreign commerce by buying, distributing, or 
otherwise placing sorghum into commerce.


Sec.  1221.16  Net market price.

    Net market price means the sales price, or other value, per 
volumetric unit, received by a producer for sorghum after adjustments 
for any premium or discount.


Sec.  1221.17  Net market value.

    Net market value means:
    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the value 
found by multiplying the net market price by the appropriate quantity 
of the volumetric units or the minimum value in a production contract 
received by a producer for sorghum after adjustments for any premium or 
discount.
    (b) For imported sorghum, the total value paid by the importer for 
the sorghum as reported on the appropriate Customs form; or
    (c) For sorghum pledged as collateral for a loan issued under any 
Commodity Credit Corporation price support loan program, the principal 
amount of the loan.


Sec.  1221.18  Order.

    Order means an order issued by the Secretary under section 514 of 
the Act that provides for a program of generic promotion, research, and 
information regarding agricultural commodities authorized under the 
Act.


Sec.  1221.19  Part and subpart.

    Part means the Sorghum Promotion, Research, and Information Order 
and all rules, regulations, and supplemental orders issued pursuant to 
the Act and the Order. The Order shall be a subpart of such part.


Sec.  1221.20  Person.

    Person means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, 
corporation, association, cooperative, or any other legal entity.


Sec.  1221.21  Producer.

    Producer means any person who is engaged in the production and sale 
of sorghum in the United States and who owns, or shares the ownership 
and risk of loss of, the sorghum.


Sec.  1221.22  Production.

    Production, as used in Sec.  1221.100, means:
    (a) For the purpose of establishing the initial Board in paragraphs 
(a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) of section 1221.100, the volume of grain 
sorghum produced during the last 5 crop years, excluding the high and 
low years, and
    (b) For the purpose of reapportionment in paragraphs (e) and (f) of 
section 1221.100, the total assessments collected by the Board during 
the last 5 crop years, excluding the high and low years.


Sec.  1221.23  Promotion.

    Promotion means any action taken to present a favorable image of 
sorghum to the public and the end-user industry for the purpose of 
improving the competitive position of sorghum and stimulating the sale 
of sorghum. This includes paid advertising and public relations.


Sec.  1221.24  Qualified sorghum producer organization.

    Qualified sorghum producer organization means a qualified State-
legislated sorghum promotion, research, and education commission or 
organization, approved by the Secretary. For States without a qualified 
State-legislated sorghum promotion, research, and education commission 
or organization, qualified sorghum producer organization means any 
qualified organization that has the primary purpose of representing 
sorghum producers, has sorghum producers as members, and that is 
approved by the Secretary.

[[Page 65851]]

Sec.  1221.25  Referendum.

    Referendum means a referendum conducted by the Secretary pursuant 
to the Act whereby producers and impo