Passports, 64930-64939 [E7-22461]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF STATE

[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 222 (Monday, November 19, 2007)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 64930-64939]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-22461]


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DEPARTMENT OF STATE

22 CFR Part 51

[Public Notice: 5991]
RIN 1400-AC28


Passports

AGENCY: Department of State.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule reorganizes, restructures, and updates passport 
regulations in order to make them easier for users to access 
information, to better reflect current practice and changes in 
statutory authority, and to remove outdated provisions. In general, the 
revisions do not mark a departure from current policy. Rather, the 
Department's intent is to bring greater clarity to current passport 
policy and practice and to present it in a less cumbersome way.

DATES: This rule becomes effective February 1, 2008.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Consuelo Pachon, Office of Passport 
Policy, (202) 663-2662. Hearing- or speech-impaired persons may use the 
Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf (TDD) by contacting the Federal 
Information Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Department published a proposed rule, 
with a request for comments, amending and updating numerous sections of 
Part 51 of Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The rule was 
discussed in detail in Public Notice 5712, as were the Department's 
reasons for changes in the regulation (Federal Register, March 7, 2007, 
72 FR 10095). The comment period closed on May 7, 2007. The Department 
of State is now promulgating its final rule. Some of the more notable 
changes in the regulations include: Changes regarding minors, extending 
the two-parent consent and personal appearance requirements to minors 
under the age of 16; changes regarding Passport Agents and Passport 
Acceptance Agents, codifying the definitions and clarifying their 
qualifications and responsibilities, including the requirement that 
they be U.S. citizens or U.S. nationals respectively; changes on 
denial, revocation and restriction of passports to permit the 
Department to deny a passport, for example, to applicants who are the 
subject of an outstanding State, local, or foreign warrant of arrest 
for a felony, intended to enhance U.S. law enforcement and cooperation; 
and changes regarding change of names on passports, intended to clarify 
what is required of an applicant whose name has changed and to reflect 
more accurately Department practice in this regard.
    Subpart F remains under review and may be addressed in a future 
rulemaking. Public Notice 5712 further advised that a separate 
rulemaking was underway to amend Part 51 to introduce the passport card 
and that comments regarding the passport card would be considered in 
that separate rulemaking, which is ongoing. The final rule for the 
passport card will include any necessary renumbering of its sections 
for compatibility with the numbering of this overall revision, as well 
as language modifications to take into account the changes made in this 
Final Rule.
    Analysis of Comments: The Department received four (4) comments. 
One comment expressed support of the change to increase the maximum age 
requiring two-parent consent for minors from under 14 to under 16. A 
second comment, addressed in detail below, underscored the importance 
of competent adjudicators, recommended the Department always require 
applicants to appear in person (rather than permit mail-in procedures), 
and suggested passport fees should be considerably increased. The two 
remaining comments concerned passport fees and the proposed passport 
card. Because issues regarding passport fees and the passport card are 
addressed in a separate rulemaking, the Department will respond to 
these comments at a later time.
    One comment suggested that the Department should always require 
that a passport application be executed personally rather than allowing 
renewals by mail. The comment also seemed to misunderstand the role of 
the U.S. Postal Service and clerks of court, who act as passport 
acceptance agents but do not have the ability to adjudicate and issue 
passports. The commenter also opined that the passport application 
process should be made more difficult because passports are ``as easy 
to get as turning on a water faucet.''
    The passport application process for first time passport applicants 
is designed to verify the citizenship and identity of the applicant. A 
U.S. passport is, by definition, a citizenship and identity document. 
U.S. citizens may apply for subsequent passports by mail within certain 
parameters described in the regulations. This is an acceptable practice 
because the Department has previously thoroughly reviewed and verified 
the applicant's citizenship and ensured that the applicant's identity 
is genuine. Furthermore, fraud prevention measures allow the Department 
to instantly

[[Page 64931]]

retrieve the previous version of the applicant's passport record, and 
quickly compare the submitted passport information and photograph with 
the previously issued, imaged passport record. Further, the lack of 
personal appearance by the applicant has no negative effect on the 
automated checks, which are performed on all passport applications 
before approval. In addition, necessary criminal and other checks 
performed during the passport review process do not require the 
applicant to appear in person. Finally, imposing such a requirement 
would place an unacceptable burden on applicants, passport acceptance 
facilities, and passport agencies.
    Passport acceptance agents throughout the country provide an 
invaluable customer service on behalf of the State Department by 
enabling citizens to apply for passports anywhere in the country rather 
than exclusively at passport agencies. Acceptance agents are 
responsible for accepting the applications and administering the oath 
contained in the application. They also ensure that the required 
evidence of citizenship and identity accompany the application. 
Acceptance agents do not adjudicate applications or issue passports. 
Those functions are performed exclusively by the State Department.

Regulatory Findings

Administrative Procedure Act

    The Department published this rule as a proposed rule, with 60 days 
for public comments and review.

Regulatory Flexibility Act/Executive Order 13272: Small Business

    These changes to the regulations are hereby certified as not 
expected to have a significant impact on a substantial number of small 
entities under the criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 
301-612, and Executive Order 13272, section 3(b) as the rule governs 
only individuals.

The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996

    This rule is not a major rule, as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804, for 
purposes of congressional review of agency rulemaking under the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, Public Law 104-
121. This rule would not result in an annual effect on the economy of 
$100 million or more; a major increase in costs or prices; or adverse 
effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, 
innovation, or the ability of United States-based companies to compete 
with foreign-based companies in domestic and export markets.

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UFMA), 
Public Law 104-4, 109 Stat. 48, 2 U.S.C. 1532 generally requires 
agencies to prepare a statement before proposing any rule that may 
result in an annual expenditure of $120 million or more by State, 
local, or tribal governments, or by the private sector. This final rule 
does not result in any such expenditure nor will it significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments.

Executive Orders 12372 and 13132: Federalism

    This regulation does not have substantial direct effects on the 
States, on the relationship between the national government and the 
States, or the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government. Nor will the rule have federalism 
implications warranting the application of Executive Orders No. 12372 
and No. 13132.

Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Review

    The Department of State reviewed this final rule to ensure its 
consistency with the regulatory philosophy and principles set forth in 
Executive Order 12866 and determined that the benefits of the final 
rule justify its costs. The Department does not consider the final rule 
to be an economically significant regulatory action within the scope of 
section 3(f)(1) of the Executive Order since it is not likely to have 
an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or to adversely 
affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, 
productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or 
safety, or State, local or tribal governments or communities.

Executive Order 12988: Civil Justice Reform

    The Department has reviewed the regulations in light of sections 
3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988 to eliminate ambiguity, 
minimize litigation, establish clear legal standards, and reduce 
burden.

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

    Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et 
seq., Federal agencies must obtain approval from OMB for each 
collection of information they conduct, sponsor, or require through 
regulation. The Department of State has determined that this proposal 
does not contain new collection of information requirements for the 
purposes of the PRA.

List of Subjects in 22 CFR Part 51

    Passports.


0
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth in the preamble, 22 CFR part 51 
is revised to read as follows:

PART 51--PASSPORTS

Sec.
51.1 Definitions.
Subpart A--General
51.2 Passport issued to nationals only.
51.3 Types of passports.
51.4 Validity of passports.
51.5 Adjudication and issuance of passports.
51.6 Verification of passports and release of information from 
passport records.
51.7 Passport property of the U.S. Government.
51.8 Submission of currently valid passport.
51.9 Amendment of passports.
51.10 Replacement passports.
Subpart B--Application
51.20 General.
51.21 Execution of passport application.
51.22 Passport agents and passport acceptance agents.
51.23 Identity of applicant.
51.24 Affidavit of identifying witness.
51.25 Name of applicant to be used in passport.
51.26 Photographs.
51.27 Incompetents.
51.28 Minors.
Subpart C--Evidence of U.S. Citizenship or Nationality
51.40 Burden of proof.
51.41 Documentary evidence.
51.42 Persons born in the United States applying for a passport for 
the first time.
51.43 Persons born outside the United States applying for a passport 
for the first time.
51.44 Proof of resumption or retention of U.S. citizenship.
51.45 Department discretion to require evidence of U.S. citizenship 
or non-citizen nationality.
51.46 Return or retention of evidence of U.S. citizenship or non-
citizen nationality.
Subpart D--Fees
51.50 Form of payment.
51.51 Passport fees.
51.52 Exemption from payment of passport fees.
51.53 Refunds.
51.54 Replacement passports without payment of applicable fees.
51.55 Execution fee not refundable.
51.56 Expedited passport processing.
Subpart E--Denial, Revocation, and Restriction of Passports
51.60 Denial and restriction of passports.

[[Page 64932]]

51.61 Denial of passports to certain convicted drug traffickers.
51.62 Revocation or limitation of passports.
51.63 Passports invalid for travel into or through restricted areas; 
prohibition on passports valid only for travel to Israel.
51.64 Special validation of passports for travel to restricted 
areas.
51.65 Notification of denial or revocation of passport.
51.66 Surrender of passport.
Subpart F--Procedures for Review of Certain Denials and Revocations
51.70 Request for hearing to review certain denials and revocations.
51.71 The hearing.
51.72 Transcript and record of the hearing.
51.73 Privacy of hearing.
51.74 Final decision.

    Authority: 8 U.S.C. 1504; 22 U.S.C. 211a, 212, 213, 213n (Pub. 
L. 106-113 Div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [Div. A, Title II, Sec. 236], 113 
Stat. 1536, 1501A-430); 214, 214a, 217a, 218, 2651a, 2671(d)(3), 
2705, 2714, 2721; 26 U.S.C. 6039E; 31 U.S.C. 7701, 7901; 42 U.S.C. 
652(k) [Div. B, Title V of Pub. L. 103-317, 108 Stat. 1760]; E.O. 
11295, Aug. 6, 1966, FR 10603; Sec. 1 of Pub. L. 109-210, 120 Stat. 
319; Sec. 2 of Pub. L. 109-167, 119 Stat. 3578; Sec. 5 of Pub. L. 
109-472, 120 Stat. 3554; Pub. L. 108-447, Div. B, Title IV, Dec. 8, 
2004, 118 Stat. 2896.


Sec.  51.1  Definitions.

    The following definitions are applicable to this part:
    (a) Department means the United States Department of State.
    (b) Electronic passport means a passport containing an 
electronically readable device, an electronic chip encoded with the 
bearer's personal information printed on the data page, a digitized 
version of the bearer's photograph, a unique chip number, and a digital 
signature to protect the integrity of the stored information.
    (c) Minor means an unmarried, unemancipated person under 18 years 
of age.
    (d) Passport means a travel document regardless of format issued 
under the authority of the Secretary of State attesting to the identity 
and nationality of the bearer.
    (e) Passport acceptance agent means a U.S. national designated by 
the Department to accept passport applications and to administer oaths 
and affirmations in connection with such applications.
    (f) Passport agent means a U.S. citizen employee of the Department 
of State, including consular officers, diplomatic officers and consular 
agents abroad, and such U.S. citizen Department of State employees or 
contractors as the Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs may 
designate for the purpose of administering oaths and affirmations for 
passport applications.
    (g) Passport application means the application form for a United 
States passport, as prescribed by the Department pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 
213 and all documents, photographs, and statements submitted with the 
form or thereafter in support of the application.
    (h) Passport authorizing officer means a U.S. citizen employee who 
is authorized by the Department to approve the issuance of passports.
    (i) Secretary means the Secretary of State.
    (j) United States when used in a geographical sense means the 
continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the 
Virgin Islands of the United States.
    (k) U.S. citizen means a person who acquired U.S. citizenship at 
birth or upon naturalization as provided by law and who has not 
subsequently lost such citizenship.
    (l) U.S. national means a U.S. citizen or a U.S. non-citizen 
national.
    (m) U.S. non-citizen national means a person on whom U.S. 
nationality, but not U.S. citizenship, has been conferred at birth 
under 8 U.S.C. 1408, or under other law or treaty, and who has not 
subsequently lost such non-citizen nationality.

Subpart A--General


Sec.  51.2  Passport issued to nationals only.

    (a) A passport may be issued only to a U.S. national.
    (b) Unless authorized by the Department, no person may bear more 
than one valid passport of the same type.


Sec.  51.3  Types of passports.

    (a) Regular passport. A regular passport is issued to a national of 
the United States.
    (b) Official passport. An official passport is issued to an 
official or employee of the U.S. Government traveling abroad to carry 
out official duties. When authorized by the Department, spouses and 
family members of such persons may be issued official passports. When 
authorized by the Department, an official passport may be issued to a 
U.S. government contractor traveling abroad to carry out official 
duties on behalf of the U.S. government.
    (c) Diplomatic passport. A diplomatic passport is issued to a 
Foreign Service officer or to a person having diplomatic status or 
comparable status because he or she is traveling abroad to carry out 
diplomatic duties on behalf of the U.S. Government. When authorized by 
the Department, spouses and family members of such persons may be 
issued diplomatic passports. When authorized by the Department, a 
diplomatic passport may be issued to a U.S. Government contractor if 
the contractor meets the eligibility requirements for a diplomatic 
passport and the diplomatic passport is necessary to complete his or 
her mission.


Sec.  51.4  Validity of passports.

    (a) Signature of bearer. A passport is valid only when signed by 
the bearer in the space designated for signature, or, if the bearer is 
unable to sign, signed by a person with legal authority to sign on his 
or her behalf.
    (b) Period of validity of a regular passport. (1) A regular 
passport issued to an applicant 16 years of age or older is valid for 
10 years from date of issue unless the Department limits the validity 
period to a shorter period.
    (2) A regular passport issued to an applicant under 16 years of age 
is valid for five years from date of issue unless the Department limits 
the validity period to a shorter period.
    (3) A regular passport for which payment of the fee has been 
excused is valid for a period of 5 years from the date issued unless 
limited by the Department to a shorter period.
    (c) Period of validity of an official passport. The period of 
validity of an official passport, unless limited by the Department to a 
shorter period, is five years from the date of issue, or so long as the 
bearer maintains his or her official status, whichever is shorter. An 
official passport which has not expired must be returned to the 
Department upon the termination of the bearer's official status or at 
such other time as the Department may determine.
    (d) Period of validity of a diplomatic passport. The period of 
validity of a diplomatic passport, unless limited by the Department to 
a shorter period, is five years from the date of issue, or so long as 
the bearer maintains his or her diplomatic status, whichever is 
shorter. A diplomatic passport which has not expired must be returned 
to the Department upon the termination of the bearer's diplomatic 
status or at such other time as the Department may determine.
    (e) Limitation of validity. The validity period of any passport may 
be limited by the Department to less than the normal validity period. 
The bearer of a limited passport may apply for a new passport, using 
the proper application and submitting the limited passport, applicable 
fees, photographs, and additional documentation, if required, to 
support the issuance of a new passport.

[[Page 64933]]

    (f) Invalidity. A United States passport is invalid as soon as:
    (1) The Department has sent or personally delivered a written 
notice to the bearer stating that the passport has been revoked; or
    (2) The passport has been reported as lost or stolen to the 
Department, a U.S. passport agency or a diplomatic or consular post 
abroad and the Department has recorded the reported loss or theft; or
    (3) The passport is cancelled by the Department (physically, 
electronically, or otherwise) upon issuance of a new passport of the 
same type to the bearer; or
    (4) The Department has sent a written notice to the bearer that the 
passport has been invalidated because the Department has not received 
the applicable fees; or
    (5) The passport has been materially changed in physical appearance 
or composition, or contains a damaged, defective or otherwise 
nonfunctioning chip, or includes unauthorized changes, obliterations, 
entries or photographs, or has observable wear or tear that renders it 
unfit for use as a travel document, and the Department either takes 
possession of the passport or sends a written notice to the bearer.


Sec.  51.5  Adjudication and issuance of passports.

    (a) A passport authorizing officer may adjudicate applications and 
authorize the issuance of passports.
    (b) A passport authorizing officer will examine the passport 
application and all documents, photographs and statements submitted in 
support of the application in accordance with guidance issued by the 
Department.


Sec.  51.6  Verification of passports and release of information from 
passport records.

    (a) Verification. When required by a foreign government, a consular 
officer abroad may verify a U.S. passport.
    (b) Release of information. Information in passport records is 
subject to the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and 
the Privacy Act. Release of this information may be requested in 
accordance with Part 171 or Part 172 of this title.


Sec.  51.7  Passport property of the U.S. Government.

    (a) A passport at all times remains the property of the United 
States and must be returned to the U.S. Government upon demand.
    (b) Law enforcement authorities who take possession of a passport 
for use in an investigation or prosecution must return the passport to 
the Department on completion of the investigation and/or prosecution.


Sec.  51.8  Submission of currently valid passport.

    (a) When applying for a new passport, an applicant must submit for 
cancellation any currently valid passport of the same type.
    (b) If an applicant is unable to produce a passport under paragraph 
(a) of this section, he or she must submit a signed statement in the 
form prescribed by the Department setting forth the circumstances 
regarding the disposition of the passport.
    (c) The Department may deny or limit a passport if the applicant 
has failed to provide a sufficient and credible explanation for lost, 
stolen, altered or mutilated passport(s) previously issued to the 
applicant, after being given a reasonable opportunity to do so.


Sec.  51.9  Amendment of passports.

    Except for the convenience of the U.S. Government, no passport may 
be amended.


Sec.  51.10  Replacement passports.

    A passport issuing office may issue a replacement passport without 
payment of applicable fees for the reasons specified in Sec.  51.54.

Subpart B--Application


Sec.  51.20  General.

    (a) An application for a passport, a replacement passport, extra 
visa pages, or other passport related service must be completed using 
the forms the Department prescribes.
    (b) The passport applicant must truthfully answer all questions and 
must state every material matter of fact pertaining to his or her 
eligibility for a passport. All information and evidence submitted in 
connection with an application is considered part of the application. A 
person providing false information as part of a passport application, 
whether contemporaneously with the form or at any other time, is 
subject to prosecution under applicable Federal criminal statutes.


Sec.  51.21  Execution of passport application.

    (a) Application by personal appearance. Except as provided in Sec.  
51.28, to assist in establishing identity, a minor, a person who has 
never been issued a passport in his or her own name, a person who has 
not been issued a passport for the full validity period of 10 years in 
his or her own name within 15 years of the date of a new application, 
or a person who is otherwise not eligible to apply for a passport by 
mail under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, must apply for a 
passport by appearing in person before a passport agent or passport 
acceptance agent (see Sec.  51.22). The applicant must verify the 
application by oath or affirmation before the passport agent or 
passport acceptance agent, sign the completed application, provide 
photographs as prescribed by the Department, provide any other 
information or documents requested and pay the applicable fees 
prescribed in the Schedule of Fees for Consular Services (see 22 CFR 
22.1).
    (b) Application by mail--persons in the United States. A person in 
the United States who previously has been issued a passport valid for 
10 years in his or her own name may apply for a new passport by filling 
out, signing and mailing an application on the form prescribed by the 
Department if:
    (1) The most recently issued previous passport was issued when the 
applicant was 16 years of age or older;
    (2) The application is made not more than 15 years following the 
issue date of the previous passport, except as provided in paragraph 
(e) of this section; and
    (3) The most recently issued previous passport of the same type is 
submitted with the new application.

    Note to paragraph (b): The applicant must also provide 
photographs as prescribed by the Department and pay the applicable 
fees prescribed in the Schedule of Fees for Consular Services (22 
CFR 22.1).

    (c) Application by mail--persons abroad. A person in a foreign 
country where the Department has authorized a post to receive passport 
applications by mail who previously has been issued a passport valid 
for 10 years in his or her own name may apply for a new passport in 
that country by filling out, signing and mailing an application on the 
form prescribed by the Department if:
    (1) The most recently issued previous passport was issued when the 
applicant was 16 years of age or older;
    (2) The application is made not more than 15 years following the 
issue date of the previous passport, except as provided in paragraph 
(e) of this section; and
    (3) The most recently issued previous passport of the same type is 
submitted with the new application.

    Note to paragraph (c): The applicant must also provide 
photographs as prescribed by the Department and pay the applicable 
fees prescribed in the Schedule of Fees for Consular Services (22 
CFR 22.1).

    (d) Nothing in this Part shall prohibit or limit the Department 
from authorizing an overseas post to accept a

[[Page 64934]]

passport application or applications from persons outside the country 
or outside the person's country of residence in circumstances which 
prevent provision of these services to the person where they are 
located or in other unusual circumstances as determined by the 
Department.
    (e) A senior passport authorizing officer may authorize acceptance 
of an application by mail where the application is made more than 15 
years following the issue date of the previous passport as appropriate 
and in accordance with guidance issued by the Department.


Sec.  51.22  Passport agents and passport acceptance agents.

    (a) U.S. citizen employees of the Department authorized to serve as 
passport agents. The following employees of the Department are 
authorized by virtue of their positions to serve as passport agents 
unless the Department in an individual case withdraws authorization:
    (1) A passport authorizing officer;
    (2) A consular officer, or a U.S. citizen consular agent abroad;
    (3) A diplomatic officer specifically authorized by the Department 
to accept passport applications; and
    (4) Such U.S. citizen Department of State employees and contractors 
as the Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs may designate for the 
purpose of administering oaths and affirmations for passport 
applications.
    (b) Persons designated by the Department to serve as passport 
acceptance agents. When designated by the Department, the following 
persons are authorized to serve as passport acceptance agents unless 
the Department in an individual case withdraws authorization.
    (1) An employee of the clerk of any Federal court;
    (2) An employee of the clerk of any state court of record;
    (3) A postal employee at a United States post office that has been 
selected to accept passport applications;
    (4) An employee of the Department of Defense at a military 
installation that has been authorized to accept passport applications;
    (5) An employee of a federal agency that has been selected to 
accept passport applications; and
    (6) Any other person specifically designated by the Department.
    (c) Qualifications of persons designated by the Department to serve 
as passport acceptance agents. Before the Department will designate a 
person described in Sec.  51.22(b) as a passport acceptance agent, his 
or her employer must certify that the person:
    (1) Is a U.S. citizen or a U.S. non-citizen national;
    (2) Is 18 years of age or older;
    (3) Is a permanent employee, excluding ad hoc, contractual, and 
volunteer employees; and
    (4) Does not have a record of either:
    (i) A Federal or State felony conviction; or
    (ii) A misdemeanor conviction for crimes involving moral turpitude 
or breach of trust, including but not limited to embezzlement, identity 
theft, misappropriation, document fraud, drug offenses, or dishonesty 
in carrying out a responsibility involving public trust.
    (d) Training. A passport acceptance agent described in Sec.  
51.22(b) must be trained to apply procedures and practices as detailed 
in guidance provided by the Department. Training must be successfully 
completed before accepting passport applications.
    (e) Responsibilities. The responsibilities of a passport acceptance 
agent described in Sec.  51.22(b) include but are not limited to the 
following:
    (1) Certifying the identity of each applicant. Passport acceptance 
agents must certify that they have personally witnessed the applicant 
signing his or her application, and that the applicant has:
    (i) Personally appeared;
    (ii) Presented proper identification, as documented on the 
application;
    (iii) Submitted photographs that are a true likeness; and
    (iv) Taken the oath administered by the acceptance agent.
    (2) Safeguarding passport application information under the Privacy
    Act of 1974. Passport acceptance agents described in Sec.  51.22(b) 
must not retain copies of executed applications, nor release passport 
application information to anyone other than the applicant and the 
Department.
    (3) Avoiding conflict of interest. Passport acceptance agents 
described in Sec.  51.22(b) must not participate in any relationship 
that could be perceived as a conflict of interest, including but not 
limited to providing commercial services related to the passport 
process.
    (f) Documentation. Passport acceptance facilities within the United
    States must maintain a current listing of all passport acceptance 
agents designated under Sec.  51.22(b) working at its facility. This 
list must be updated at least annually and a copy provided to the 
officer specified by the Department at the appropriate passport issuing 
office.
    (1) The current listing of all designated passport acceptance 
agents must include the passport acceptance agents':
    (i) Names; and
    (ii) Signatures.
    (2) Any addition to or deletion from the current listing of 
designated passport acceptance agents is subject to prior approval by 
the Department.


Sec.  51.23  Identity of applicant.

    (a) The applicant has the burden of establishing his or her 
identity.
    (b) The applicant must establish his or her identity by the 
submission of a previous passport, other state, local, or federal 
government officially issued identification with photograph, or other 
identifying evidence which may include an affidavit of an identifying 
witness.
    (c) The Department may require such additional evidence of identity 
as it deems necessary.


Sec.  51.24  Affidavit of identifying witness.

    (a) An identifying witness must execute an affidavit in the form 
prescribed by the Department before the person who accepts the passport 
application.
    (b) A person who has received or expects to receive a fee for his 
or her services in connection with executing the application or 
obtaining the passport may not serve as an identifying witness.


Sec.  51.25  Name of applicant to be used in passport.

    (a) The passport shall be issued in the full name of the applicant, 
generally the name recorded in the evidence of nationality and 
identity.
    (b) The applicant must explain any material discrepancies between 
the name on the application and the name recorded in the evidence of 
nationality and identity. The name provided by the applicant on the 
application may be used if the applicant submits the documentary 
evidence prescribed by the Department.
    (c) A name change will be recognized for purposes of issuing a 
passport if the name change occurs in one of the following ways.
    (1) Court order or decree. An applicant whose name has been changed 
by court order or decree must submit with his or her application a copy 
of the order or decree.
    Acceptable types of court orders and decrees include but are not 
limited to:
    (i) A name change order;
    (ii) A divorce decree specifically declaring the return to a former 
name;
    (2) Certificate of naturalization issued in a new name.
    (3) Marriage. An applicant who has adopted a new name following 
marriage must present a copy of the marriage certificate.
    (4) Operation of state law. An applicant must present operative

[[Page 64935]]

government-issued legal documentation declaring the name change or 
issued in the new name.
    (5) Customary usage. An applicant who has adopted a new name other 
than as prescribed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section 
must submit evidence of public and exclusive use of the adopted name 
for a long period of time, in general five years, as prescribed in 
guidance issued by the Department. The evidence must include three or 
more public documents, including one government-issued identification 
with photograph and other acceptable public documents prescribed by the 
Department.


Sec.  51.26  Photographs.

    The applicant must submit with his or her application photographs 
as prescribed by the Department that are a good likeness of and 
satisfactorily identify the applicant.


Sec.  51.27  Incompetents.

    A legal guardian or other person with the legal capacity to act on 
behalf of a person declared incompetent may execute a passport 
application on the incompetent person's behalf.


Sec.  51.28  Minors.

    (a) Minors under age 16. (1) Personal appearance. Minors under 16 
years of age applying for a passport must appear in person, unless the 
personal appearance of the minor is specifically excused by a senior 
passport authorizing officer, pursuant to guidance issued by the 
Department. In cases where personal appearance is excused, the 
person(s) executing the passport application on behalf of the minor 
shall appear in person and verify the application by oath or 
affirmation before a person authorized by the Secretary to administer 
oaths or affirmations, unless these requirements are also excused by a 
senior passport authorizing officer pursuant to guidance issued by the 
Department.
    (2) Execution of passport application by both parents or by each 
legal guardian. Except as specifically provided in this section, both 
parents or each of the minor's legal guardians, if any, whether 
applying for a passport for the first time or for a renewal, must 
execute the application on behalf of a minor under age 16 and provide 
documentary evidence of parentage or legal guardianship showing the 
minor's name, date and place of birth, and the names of the parent or 
parents or legal guardian.
    (3) Execution of passport application by one parent or legal 
guardian. A passport application may be executed on behalf of a minor 
under age 16 by only one parent or legal guardian if such person 
provides:

    (i) A notarized written statement or affidavit from the non-
applying parent or legal guardian, if applicable, consenting to the 
issuance of the passport, or
    (ii) Documentary evidence that such person is the sole parent or 
has sole custody of the minor. Such evidence includes, but is not 
limited to, the following:
    (A) A birth certificate providing the minor's name, date and 
place of birth and the name of only the applying parent;
    (B) A Consular Report of Birth Abroad of a Citizen of the United 
States of America or a Certification of Report of Birth of a United 
States Citizen providing the minor's name, date and place of birth 
and the name of only the applying parent;
    (C) A copy of the death certificate for the non-applying parent 
or legal guardian;
    (D) An adoption decree showing the name of only the applying 
parent;
    (E) An order of a court of competent jurisdiction granting sole 
legal custody to the applying parent or legal guardian containing no 
travel restrictions inconsistent with issuance of the passport; or, 
specifically authorizing the applying parent or legal guardian to 
obtain a passport for the minor, regardless of custodial 
arrangements; or specifically authorizing the travel of the minor 
with the applying parent or legal guardian;
    (F) An order of a court of competent jurisdiction terminating 
the parental rights of the non-applying parent or declaring the non-
applying parent or legal guardian to be incompetent.
    (G) An order of a court of competent jurisdiction providing for 
joint legal custody or requiring the permission of both parents or 
the court for important decisions will be interpreted as requiring 
the permission of both parents or the court, as appropriate. 
Notwithstanding the existence of any such court order, a passport 
may be issued when compelling humanitarian or emergency reasons 
relating to the welfare of the minor exist.

    (4) Execution of passport application by a person acting in loco 
parentis.

    (i) A person may apply in loco parentis on behalf of a minor 
under age 16 by submitting a notarized written statement or a 
notarized affidavit from both parents or each legal guardian, if 
any, specifically authorizing the application.
    (ii) If only one parent or legal guardian provides the notarized 
written statement or notarized affidavit, the applicant must provide 
documentary evidence that an application may be made by one parent 
or legal guardian, consistent with Sec.  51.28(a)(3).

    (5) Exigent or special family circumstances. A passport may be 
issued when only one parent, legal guardian or person acting in loco 
parentis executes the application, in cases of exigent or special 
family circumstances.

    (i) ``Exigent circumstances'' are defined as time-sensitive 
circumstances in which the inability of the minor to obtain a 
passport would jeopardize the health and safety or welfare of the 
minor or would result in the minor being separated from the rest of 
his or her traveling party. ``Time sensitive'' generally means that 
there is not enough time before the minor's emergency travel to 
obtain either the required consent of both parents/legal guardians 
or documentation reflecting a sole parent's/legal guardian's custody 
rights.
    (ii) ``Special family circumstances'' are defined as 
circumstances in which the minor's family situation makes it 
exceptionally difficult for one or both of the parents to execute 
the passport application; and/or compelling humanitarian 
circumstances where the minor's lack of a passport would jeopardize 
the health, safety, or welfare of the minor; or, pursuant to 
guidance issued by the Department, circumstances in which return of 
a minor to the jurisdiction of his or her home state or habitual 
residence is necessary to permit a court of competent jurisdiction 
to adjudicate or enforce a custody determination. A passport issued 
due to such special family circumstances may be limited for direct 
return to the United States in accordance with Sec.  51.60(e).
    (iii) A parent, legal guardian, or person acting in loco 
parentis who is applying for a passport for a minor under age 16 
under this paragraph must submit a written statement with the 
application describing the exigent or special family circumstances 
he or she believes should be taken into consideration in applying an 
exception.
    (iv) Determinations under Sec.  51.28(a)(5) must be made by a 
senior passport authorizing officer pursuant to guidance issued by 
the Department.

    (6) Nothing contained in this section shall prohibit any Department 
official adjudicating a passport application filed on behalf of a minor 
from requiring an applicant to submit other documentary evidence deemed 
necessary to establish the applying adult's entitlement to obtain a 
passport on behalf of a minor under the age of 16 in accordance with 
the provisions of this regulation.
    (b) Minors 16 years of age and above. (1) A minor 16 years of age 
and above applying for a passport must appear in person and may execute 
the application for a passport on his or her own behalf unless the 
personal appearance of the minor is specifically excused by a senior 
passport authorizing officer pursuant to guidance issued by the 
Department, or unless, in the judgment of the person before whom the 
application is executed, it is not advisable for the minor to execute 
his or her own application. In such case, it must be executed by a 
parent or legal guardian of the minor, or by a person in loco parentis, 
unless the personal appearance of the parent, legal guardian or person 
in loco parentis is excused by the senior

[[Page 64936]]

passport authorizing officer pursuant to guidance issued by the 
Department.
    (2) The passport authorizing officer may at any time require a 
minor 16 years of age and above to submit the notarized consent of a 
parent, a legal guardian, or a person in loco parentis to the issuance 
of the passport.
    (c) Rules applicable to all minors--(1) Objections. At any time 
prior to the issuance of a passport to a minor, the application may be 
disapproved and a passport may be denied upon receipt of a written 
objection from a parent or legal guardian of the minor, or from another 
party claiming authority to object, so long as the objecting party 
provides sufficient documentation of his or her custodial rights or 
other authority to object.
    (2) An order from a court of competent jurisdiction providing for 
joint legal custody or requiring the permission of both parents or the 
court for important decisions will be interpreted as requiring the 
permission of both parents or the court as appropriate.
    (3) The Department will consider a court of competent jurisdiction 
to be a U.S. state or federal court or a foreign court located in the 
minor's home state or place of habitual residence.
    (4) The Department may require that conflicts regarding custody 
orders, whether domestic or foreign, be settled by the appropriate 
court before a passport may be issued.
    (5) Access by parents and legal guardians to passport records for 
minors. Either parent or any legal guardian of a minor may upon written 
request obtain information regarding the application for and issuance 
of a passport to a minor, unless the requesting parent's parental 
rights have been terminated by an order of a court of competent 
jurisdiction, a copy of which has been provided to the Department. The 
Department may deny such information to a parent or legal guardian if 
it determines that the minor objects to disclosure and the minor is 16 
years of age or older or if the Department determines that the minor is 
of sufficient age and maturity to invoke his or her own privacy rights.

Subpart C--Evidence of U.S. Citizenship or Nationality


Sec.  51.40  Burden of proof.

    The applicant has the burden of proving that he or she is a U.S. 
citizen or non-citizen national.


Sec.  51.41  Documentary evidence.

    The applicant must provide documentary evidence that he or she is a 
U.S. citizen or non-citizen national.


Sec.  51.42  Persons born in the United States applying for a passport 
for the first time.

    (a) Primary evidence of birth in the United States. A person born 
in the United States generally must submit a birth certificate. The 
birth certificate must show the full name of the applicant, the 
applicant's place and date of birth, the full name of the parent(s), 
and must be signed by the official custodian of birth records, bear the 
seal of the issuing office, and show a filing date within one year of 
the date of birth.
    (b) Secondary evidence of birth in the United States. If the 
applicant cannot submit a birth certificate that meets the requirement 
of paragraph (a) of this section, he or she must submit secondary 
evidence sufficient to establish to the satisfaction of the Department 
that he or she was born in the United States. Secondary evidence 
includes but is not limited to hospital birth certificates, baptismal 
certificates, medical and school records, certificates of circumcision, 
other documentary evidence created shortly after birth but generally 
not more than 5 years after birth, and/or affidavits of persons having 
personal knowledge of the facts of the birth.


Sec.  51.43  Persons born outside the United States applying for a 
passport for the first time.

    (a) General. A person born outside the United States must submit 
documentary evidence that he or she meets all the statutory 
requirements for acquisition of U.S. citizenship or non-citizen 
nationality under the provision of law or treaty under which the person 
is claiming U.S. citizenship or non-citizen nationality.
    (b) Documentary Evidence. (1) Types of documentary evidence of 
citizenship for a person born outside the United States include:
    (i) A certificate of naturalization.
    (ii) A certificate of citizenship.
    (iii) A Consular Report of Birth Abroad.
    (2) An applicant without one of these documents must produce 
supporting documents as required by the Department, showing acquisition 
of U.S. citizenship under the relevant provisions of law.


Sec.  51.44  Proof of resumption or retention of U.S. citizenship.

    An applicant who claims to have resumed or retained U.S. 
citizenship must submit with the application a certificate of 
naturalization or evidence that he or she took the steps necessary to 
resume or retain U.S. citizenship in accordance with the applicable 
provision of law.


Sec.  51.45  Department discretion to require evidence of U.S. 
citizenship or non-citizen nationality.

    The Department may require an applicant to provide any evidence 
that it deems necessary to establish that he or she is a U.S. citizen 
or non-citizen national, including evidence in addition to the evidence 
specified in 22 CFR 51.42 through 51.44.


Sec.  51.46  Return or retention of evidence of U.S. citizenship or 
non-citizen nationality.

    The Department will generally return to the applicant evidence 
submitted in connection with an application for a passport. The 
Department may, however, retain evidence when it deems it necessary for 
anti-fraud or law enforcement or other similar purposes.

Subpart D--Fees


Sec.  51.50  Form of payment.

    Passport fees must be paid in U.S. currency or in other forms of 
payments permitted by the Department.


Sec.  51.51  Passport fees.

    The Department collects the following passport fees in the amounts 
prescribed in the Schedule of Fees for Consular Services (22 CFR 22.1):
    (a) An application fee, which must be paid at the time of 
application, except as provided in Sec.  51.52, and is not refundable, 
except as provided in Sec.  51.53.
    (b) An execution fee, except as provided in Sec.  51.52, when the 
applicant is required to execute the application in person before a 
person authorized to administer oaths for passport purposes. The 
execution fee is collected at the time of application and is not 
refundable (see Sec.  51.55). When execution services are provided by 
an official of a State or local government or of the United States 
Postal Service (USPS), the State or local government or USPS may retain 
the fee if authorized to do so by the Department.
    (c) A fee for expedited passport processing, if applicable (see 
Sec.  51.56).
    (d) A surcharge in the amount of twenty dollars ($20) on the filing 
of each application for a passport in order to cover the costs of 
meeting the increased demand for passports as a result of actions taken 
to comply with section 7209(b) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism 
Prevention Act of 2004 (8 U.S.C. 1165 note). The surcharge will be 
recovered by the Department of State from within the passport fee 
reflected in the Schedule of Fees for Consular Services.
    (e) An enhanced border security surcharge on the filing of each 
application for a regular passport in an

[[Page 64937]]

amount set administratively by the Department and published in the 
Schedule of Fees for Consular Services.
    (f) Any other fee that the Department is authorized or required by 
law to charge for passport services.
    (g) The foregoing fees are applicable regardless of the validity 
period of the passport.


Sec.  51.52  Exemption from payment of passport fees.

    The following persons are exempt from payment of passport fees 
except for the passport execution fee, unless their applications are 
executed before a federal official, in which case they are also exempt 
from payment of the passport execution fee:
    (a) An officer or employee of the United States traveling on 
official business and the members of his or her immediate family. The 
applicant must submit evidence of the official purpose of the travel 
and, if applicable, authorization for the members of his or her 
immediate family to accompany or reside with him or her abroad.
    (b) An American seaman who requires a passport in connection with 
his or her duties aboard a United States flag vessel.
    (c) A widow, widower, child, parent, brother or sister of a 
deceased member of the U.S. Armed Forces proceeding abroad to visit the 
grave of such service member or to attend a funeral or memorial service 
for such member.
    (d) Other persons whom the Department determines should be exempt 
from payment of passport fees for compelling circumstances, pursuant to 
guidance issued by the Department; or
    (e) Other categories of persons exempted by law.


Sec.  51.53  Refunds.

    (a) The Department will refund the passport application fee and the 
security surcharge to any person exempt from payment of passport fees 
under 22 CFR 51.52 from whom the fee was erroneously collected.
    (b) The Department will refund an expedited passport processing fee 
if the Department fails to provide expedited passport processing as 
provided in 22 CFR 51.56.
    (c) For procedures on refunds of $5.00 or less, see 22 CFR 22.6(b).


Sec.  51.54  Replacement passports without payment of applicable fees.

    A passport issuing office may issue a replacement passport for the 
following reasons without payment of applicable fees:
    (a) To correct an error or rectify a mistake of the Department;
    (b) When the bearer has changed his or her name or other personal 
identifier listed on the data page of the passport, and applies for a 
replacement passport within one year of the date of the passport's 
original issuance.
    (c) When the bearer of an emergency full fee passport issued for a 
limited validity period applies for a full validity passport within one 
year of the date of the passport's original issuance.
    (d) When a passport is retained by U.S. law enforcement or 
judiciary for evidentiary purposes and the bearer is still eligible to 
have a passport.
    (e) When a passport is issued to replace a passport with a failed 
electronic chip for the balance of the original validity period.


Sec.  51.55  Execution fee not refundable.

    The fee for the execution of a passport application is not 
refundable.


Sec.  51.56  Expedited passport processing.

    (a) Within the United States, an applicant for passport service 
(including issuance, replacement or the addition of visa pages) may 
request expedited processing. The Department may decline to accept the 
request.
    (b) Expedited passport processing shall mean completing processing 
within the number of business days published on the Department's 
website, consistent with the purposes of expedited processing, 
commencing when the application reaches a Passport Agency or, if the 
application is already with a Passport Agency commencing when the 
request for expedited processing is approved. The processing will be 
considered completed when the passport is ready to be picked up by the 
applicant or is mailed to the applicant, or a letter of passport denial 
is transmitted to the applicant.
    (c) A fee is charged for expedited passport processing (see 22 CFR 
51.51(c)). The fee does not cover any costs of mailing above the normal 
level of service regularly provided by the Department. The cost of 
expedited mailing must be paid by the applicant.
    (d) The Department will not charge the fee for expedited passport 
processing if the Department's error, mistake or delay caused the need 
for expedited processing.

Subpart E--Denial, Revocation, and Restriction of Passports


Sec.  51.60  Denial and restriction of passports.

    (a) The Department may not issue a passport, except a passport for 
direct return to the United States, in any case in which the Department 
determines or is informed by competent authority that:
    (1) The applicant is in default on a loan received from the United 
States under 22 U.S.C. 2671(b)(2)(B) for the repatriation of the 
applicant and, where applicable, the applicant's spouse, minor 
child(ren), and/or other immediate family members, from a foreign 
country (see 22 U.S.C. 2671(d)); or
    (2) The applicant has been certified by the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services as notified by a state agency under 42 U.S.C. 652(k) to 
be in arrears of child support in an amount determined by statute.
    (b) The Department may refuse to issue a passport in any case in 
which the Department determines or is informed by competent authority 
that:
    (1) The applicant is the subject of an outstanding Federal warrant 
of arrest for a felony, including a warrant issued under the Federal 
Fugitive Felon Act (18 U.S.C. 1073); or
    (2) The applicant is subject to a criminal court order, condition 
of probation, or condition of parole, any of which forbids departure 
from the United States and the violation of which could result in the 
issuance of a Federal warrant of arrest, including a warrant issued 
under the Federal Fugitive Felon Act; or
    (3) The applicant is subject to a U.S. court order committing him 
or her to a mental institution; or
    (4) The applicant has been legally declared incompetent by a court 
of competent jurisdiction in the United States; or
    (5) The applicant is the subject of a request for extradition or 
provisional request for extradition which has been presented to the 
government of a foreign country; or
    (6) The applicant is the subject of a subpoena received from the 
United States pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1783, in a matter involving Federal 
prosecution for, or grand jury investigation of, a felony; or
    (7) The applicant is a minor and the passport may be denied under 
22 CFR 51.28; or
    (8) The applicant is subject to an order of restraint or 
apprehension issued by an appropriate officer of the United States 
Armed Forces pursuant to chapter 47 of title 10 of the United States 
Code; or
    (9) The applicant is the subject of an outstanding state or local 
warrant of arrest for a felony; or
    (10) The applicant is the subject of a request for extradition or 
provisional arrest submitted to the United States by a foreign country.
    (c) The Department may refuse to issue a passport in any case in 
which:

[[Page 64938]]

    (1) The applicant has not repaid a loan received from the United 
States under 22 U.S.C. 2670(j) for emergency medical attention, dietary 
supplements, and other emergency assistance, including, if applicable, 
assistance provided to his or her child(ren), spouse, and/or other 
immediate family members in a foreign country; or
    (2) The applicant has not repaid a loan received from the United 
States under 22 U.S.C. 2671(b)(2)(B) or 22 U.S.C. 2671(b)(2)(A) for the 
repatriation or evacuation of the applicant and, if applicable, the 
applicant's child(ren), spouse, and/or other immediate family members 
from a foreign country to the United States; or
    (3) The applicant has previously been denied a passport under this 
section or 22 CFR 51.61, or the Department has revoked the applicant's 
passport or issued a limited passport for direct return to the United 
States under 22 CFR 51.62, and the applicant has not shown that there 
has been a change in circumstances since the denial, revocation or 
issuance of a limited passport that warrants issuance of a passport; or
    (4) The Secretary determines that the applicant's activities abroad 
are causing or are likely to cause serious damage to the national 
security or the foreign policy of the United States.
    (d) The Department may refuse to issue a passport in a case in 
which the Department is informed by an appropriate foreign government 
authority or international organization that the applicant is the 
subject of a warrant of arrest for a felony.
    (e) The Department may refuse to issue a passport, except a 
passport for direct return to the United States, in any case in which 
the Department determines or is informed by a competent authority that 
the applicant is a minor who has been abducted, wrongfully removed or 
retained in violation of a court order or decree and return to his or 
her home state or habitual residence is necessary to permit a court of 
competent jurisdiction to determine custody matters.


Sec.  51.61  Denial of passports to certain convicted drug traffickers.

    (a) A passport may not be issued in any case in which the 
Department determines or is informed by competent authority that the 
applicant is subject to imprisonment or supervised release as the 
result of a felony conviction for a Federal or state drug offense, if 
the individual used a U.S. passport or otherwise crossed an 
international border in committing the offense, including a felony 
conviction arising under:
    (1) The Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) or the 
Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 951 et seq.); or
    (2) Any Federal law involving controlled substances as defined in 
section 802 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.); 
or
    (3) The Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. 5311 et seq.) or the Money 
Laundering Act (18 U.S.C. 1956 et seq.) if the Department is in receipt 
of information that supports the determination that the violation 
involved is related to illicit production of or trafficking in a 
controlled substance; or
    (4) Any state law involving the manufacture, distribution, or 
possession of a controlled substance.
    (b) A passport may be refused in any case in which the Department 
determines or is informed by competent authority that the applicant is 
subject to imprisonment or supervised release as the result of a 
misdemeanor conviction of a Federal or state drug offense if the 
individual used a U.S. passport or otherwise crossed an international 
border in committing the offense, other than a first conviction for 
possession of a controlled substance, including a misdemeanor 
conviction arising under:
    (1) The Federal statutes described in Sec.  51.61(a); or
    (2) Any State law involving the manufacture, distribution, or 
possession of a controlled substance.
    (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the Department 
may issue a passport when the competent authority confirms, or the 
Department otherwise finds, that emergency circumstances or 
humanitarian reasons exist.


Sec.  51.62  Revocation or limitation of passports.

    (a) The Department may revoke or limit a passport when
    (1) The bearer of the passport may be denied a passport under 22 
CFR 51.60 or 51.61; or 51.28; or any other provision contained in this 
part; or,
    (2) The passport has been obtained illegally, fraudulently or 
erroneously; was created through illegality or fraud practiced upon the 
Department; or has been fraudulently altered or misused;
    (b) The Department may revoke a passport when the Department has 
determined that the bearer of the passport is not a U.S. national, or 
the Department is on notice that the bearer's certificate of 
citizenship or certificate of naturalization has been canceled.


Sec.  51.63  Passports invalid for travel into or through restricted 
areas; prohibition on passports valid only for travel to Israel.

    (a) The Secretary may restrict the use of a passport for travel to 
or use in a country or area which the Secretary has determined is:
    (1) A country with which the United States is at war; or
    (2) A country or area where armed hostilities are in progress; or
    (3) A country or area in which there is imminent danger to the 
public health or physical safety of United States travelers.
    (b) Any determination made and restriction imposed under paragraph 
(a) of this section, or any extension or revocation of the restriction, 
shall be published in the Federal Register.
    (c) A passport may not be designated as valid only for travel to 
Israel.


Sec.  51.64  Special validation of passports for travel to restricted 
areas.

    (a) A U.S. national may apply to the Department for a special 
validation of his or passport to permit its use for travel to, or use 
in, a restricted country or area. The application must be accompanied 
by evidence that the applicant falls within one of the categories in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (b) The Department may grant a special validation if it determines 
that the validation is in the national interest of the United States.
    (c) A special validation may be determined to be in the national 
interest if:
    (1) The applicant is a professional reporter or journalist, the 
purpose of whose trip is to obtain, and make available to the public, 
information about the restricted area; or
    (2) The applicant is a representative of the International 
Committee of the Red Cross or the American Red Cross traveling pursuant 
to an officially-sponsored Red Cross mission; or
    (3) The applicant's trip is justified by compelling humanitarian 
considerations; or
    (4) The applicant's request is otherwise in the national interest.


Sec.  51.65  Notification of denial or revocation of passport.

    (a) The Department will notify in writing any person whose 
application for issuance of a passport has been denied, or whose 
passport has been revoked. The notification will set forth the specific 
reasons for the denial or revocation, and, if applicable, the 
procedures for review available under 22 CFR 51.70 through 51.74.
    (b) An application for a passport will be denied or treated as 
abandoned if an

[[Page 64939]]

applicant fails to meet his or her burden of proof under 22 CFR 
51.23(a) and 51.40 or otherwise does not provide documentation 
sufficient to establish entitlement to passport issuance within ninety 
days of notification by the Department that additional information from 
the applicant is required. Thereafter, if an applicant wishes to pursue 
a claim of entitlement to passport issuance, he or she must submit a 
new application and supporting documents, photographs, and statements 
in support of the application, along with applicable application and 
execution fees.


Sec.  51.66  Surrender of passport.

    The bearer of a passport that is revoked must surrender it to the 
Department or its authorized representative upon demand.

Subpart F--Procedures for Review of Certain Denials and Revocations


Sec.  51.70  Request for hearing to review certain denials and 
revocations.

    (a) A person whose passport has been denied or revoked under 22 CFR 
51.60(b)(1) through (10), 51.60(c), 51.60(d), 51.61(b), 51.62(a)(1) 
where the basis for the adverse action would entitle the applicant to a 
hearing under this section, or Sec.  51.62(a)(2) may request a hearing 
to the Department to review the basis for the denial or revocation 
within 60 days of receipt of the notice of the denial or revocation.
    (b) The provisions of Sec. Sec.  51.70 through 51.74 do not apply 
to any action of the Department taken on an individual basis in 
denying, restricting, revoking, or invalidating a passport or in any 
other way adversely affecting the ability of a person to receive or use 
a passport for reasons excluded from Sec.  51.70(a) including:
    (1) Non-nationality;
    (2) Refusal under the provisions of 51.60(a);
    (3) Refusal to grant a discretionary exception under emergency or 
humanitarian relief provisions of Sec.  51.61(c);
    (4) Refusal to grant a discretionary exception from geographical 
limitations of general applicability.
    (c) If a timely request for a hearing is made, the Department will 
hold it within 60 days of the dat