Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 48672-48675 [E7-16774]
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 164 / Friday, August 24, 2007 / Notices
to repatriate a cultural item in the
possession of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science, Denver, CO, which
meets the definitions of ‘‘sacred object’’
and ‘‘object of cultural patrimony’’
under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3). The determinations
in this notice are the sole responsibility
of the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not
responsible for the determinations in
this notice.
The cultural item is a Beaver Chilkat
Shirt, which is also called a tunic, as the
terms are used interchangeably to
describe the item (AC. 11604). The
sleeveless, untailored garment consists
of rectangular front and back sections
with woven shoulders and a round neck
opening, which is joined loosely at the
sides below armholes. The fabric was
created by means of twined weaving in
handspun mountain goat wool and
yellow cedar bark, which is a technique
known as Chilkat twining from its
specialty production by Chilkat Tlingit
women. The entire design field of the
front is filled with intricate stylized
forms that have been interpreted as a
beaver in natural wool dyed in colors of
black, yellow, and green. The open
white ground of the back tunic is
centered at the top with a mask form
and crossed lower with bands of
geometric patterns, including a basal
checkerboard. The bottom edges are
fringed.
In 1974, the cultural item was sold by
Marc Jacobs, Sr. to Michael R. Johnson
of Seattle, WA, a collector and dealer. In
October 1974, the cultural item was
purchased by Adelaide de Menil and Dr.
Edmund Carpenter. In August 1976, it
was transferred to Howard B. Roloff
through an exchange requested by Mary
W. A. Crane. The museum accessioned
the cultural item into the collection later
that same year.
During consultation, representatives
of the Central Council of the Tlingit &
Haida Indian Tribes gave oral history of
the tunic as a clan ‘‘treasured property,’’
and its place in clan belief and
ceremonial practice. The tunic’s history
began four generations ago with a
daughter of Chief Shakes IV and can be
traced to a line of caretakers up to 1974.
The tunic is identified as an item of
Chilkat regalia among the most valued
of ceremonial clothing used in funerary
rites and is high status apparel at
traditional ceremonies and potlatches.
The tunic is required for the ceremonial
rites conducted to renew and ensure the
spiritual harmony of the Tlingit people.
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The tunic is not owned by a single
individual, instead there are designated
caretakers and it belongs to the clan as
a whole, and therefore it could not have
been alienated by a single individual.
According to museum records, the
line of caretakers starts in 1890 with a
Tlingit family in Angoon, AK, and also
corroborates Tlingit accounts of the
tunic’s sale by Mark Jacobs, Sr. Tlingit
of the Deisheetaan Clan of the
Needlefish House are from Angoon, AK,
and are represented in this claim by the
Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida
Indian Tribes.
Officials of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science have determined that,
pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (3)(C), the
one cultural item is a specific
ceremonial object needed by traditional
Native American religious leaders for
the practice of traditional Native
American religions by their present–day
adherents. Officials of the Denver
Museum of Nature & Science have also
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001 (3)(D), the one cultural item has
ongoing historical, traditional, or
cultural importance central to the
Native American group or culture itself,
rather than property owned by an
individual. Lastly, officials of the
Denver Museum of Nature & Science
have determined that, pursuant to 25
U.S.C. 3001 (2), there is a relationship
of shared group identity which can be
reasonably traced between the sacred
object/object of cultural patrimony and
the Central Council of the Tlingit &
Haida Indian Tribes.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the sacred object/object
of cultural patrimony should contact Dr.
Stephen Nash, Chair, Department of
Anthropology, Denver Museum of
Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado
Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205,
telephone (303) 370–6056, before
September 24, 2007. Repatriation of the
cultural item to the Central Council of
the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes on
behalf of the Deisheetaan Clan of the
Needlefish House, Angoon, AK, may
proceed after that date if no additional
claimants come forward.
The Denver Museum of Nature &
Science is responsible for notifying the
Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida
Indian Tribes that this notice has been
published.
Dated: August 8, 2007.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E7–16786 Filed 8–23–07; 8:45 am]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural
Items: Field Museum of Natural
History, Chicago, IL
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate cultural items in the
possession of the Field Museum of
Natural History (Field Museum),
Chicago, IL that meet the definition of
‘‘cultural items’’ under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3). The determinations
in this notice are the sole responsibility
of the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not
responsible for the determinations in
this notice.
The 56 cultural items are 19 Gaan
masks, 18 wands (5 are associated with
masks), 16 hoops, 1 bullroarer, and 1
medicine string attached to a buckskin
bag.
The first Gaan mask consists of a cloth
hood and attached rack, and is
associated with two wands (catalog
number 68807). The cloth hood is black
and brownish in color and has three
small openings for the eyes and mouth.
The rack, made from wood, yucca, or
sotol slats, is painted with geometric
designs and dots in red, white, and
black. The two wands both come to a
point on one end and appear to be
blackened. The second Gaan mask
consists of a cloth hood and attached
rack, and is associated with two wands
(catalog number 68808). The hood is
primarily black. The rack consists of
three vertical sections and is painted
red, green, black, and white. Three red
dangles hang from each end of the
bottom horizontal piece of the rack. The
two wands are painted with geometric
and curvilinear designs. One wand has
a diagonally pointed end. The other
wand has a crosspiece near the top.
The third Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 68809). The cloth hood is black
and has three small holes for the eyes
and mouth. The rack consists of five
laths making up one vertical section and
has a horizontal section of four pointed
laths attached across the middle and are
attached at a diagonal at the base and
near the top of the rack. The rack is
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painted with geometric designs in green,
red, black, blue, and white. The fourth
Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and
attached rack, and is associated with
one wand (catalog number 68810). The
cloth hood appears black and has two
small holes for the eyes. The rack
consists of a horizontal section across
the bottom with a ‘‘sunburst’’ at the top.
The rack is painted in geometric designs
in red, yellow, and black. The wand has
a crosspiece and is painted in red and
black. The design consists of black
zigzag lines filled in with red.
The fifth Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 68817). The hood is in very
poor condition and the U–shaped
support piece that holds the rack in
place can be seen. The trident shaped
rack is painted in red, white, and black.
The sixth Gaan mask consists of a cloth
hood and attached rack (catalog number
68818). The hood is in poor condition.
The trident shaped rack has attached
crosspieces, and painted with geometric
designs and dots in red and black. The
seventh Gaan mask consists of a cloth
hood and attached rack (catalog number
84673). The cloth hood is black with
three small perforations for the eyes and
mouth. The rack consists of a central
piece made up of six vertical laths each
coming to a point at the top. It has
triangular pieces jutting out, and two
horizontal pieces with what appear to
be sunbursts on each end. The rack is
painted in geometric designs and dots in
red, white, and blue and/or black.
The eighth Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84674). The hood is black with
perforations for the eyes with a brass
button attached over each eye
perforation. The trident shaped rack is
painted with geometric designs in red,
blue, black, yellow, and white. A set of
red dangles hang down on each end of
the rack’s horizontal support piece. The
ninth Gaan mask consists of a cloth
hood and attached rack (catalog number
84675). The cloth hood is black with
two small perforations for the eyes with
a brass button over each eye–hole. The
hood is made from a grain or flour sack,
and has writing in red and black. The
rack is painted with geometric designs
and dots in yellow, white, red, black,
and blue. The rack consists of four
vertical laths that come to a point at the
top and three sets of horizontal laths. A
set of red dangles hang down from each
side of the middle set of horizontal slats.
The tenth Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84676). The cloth hood is black
with two small perforations for the eyes.
A brass button is attached over one eye–
hole. It appears that originally there
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were two buttons on the mask to
represent eyes. The rack is painted with
geometric and zigzag designs in green,
red, and black. The rack consists of two
short, individual, vertical laths with a
black zigzag design and two sets of three
laths with cross pieces and red dangles
that jut out diagonally on either side.
The eleventh Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84677). The cloth hood is black
with two perforations for the eyes. A
piece of carved shell and a feather is
attached in the center above the eyes.
The rack is trident shaped with one
horizontal lath, three vertical pieces that
come to a point at the end, and two
stepped laths that are placed on the
diagonal between the outer and central
laths. The rack is painted in red, white,
green, and black. There is a small hoop
attached at the top of both of the outer
vertical pieces.
The twelfth Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84680). The cloth hood is black
with three small perforations for the
eyes and mouth. The rack is painted
white with a black design in the center
of the middle vertical section. Cross
pieces are used on the three vertical
sections and on the horizontal lath. A
set of reddish dangles hang down from
each side of the horizontal lath. The
thirteenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth
hood and attached rack (catalog number
84682). The cloth hood is black with
three small perforations for the eyes and
mouth. The hood was made from a grain
or flour sack. Printed writing in brown
or red is visible on the hood. The rack
consists of one horizontal piece at the
base and three vertical sections. The
central section is shaped like a cross.
The outer sections have three cross
pieces. A set of dangles hang down from
each side of the horizontal piece. The
rack is painted black with a few areas
at the top of the vertical laths and cross
pieces left natural.
The fourteenth Gaan mask consists of
a cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84684). The cloth hood is
brownish in color. The hood was made
from a printed grain or flour sack. There
is a leaf-type pattern design and writing.
The rack consists of two connected
vertical laths with cross pieces and is
painted white and black. The fifteenth
Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and
attached rack (catalog number 84687).
The cloth hood is black with three small
perforations for the eyes and mouth.
The rack consists of a large central
sunburst and two sections that are
attached toward each side of the hood.
The sunburst is constructed from a
hoop, approximately 8 inches in
diameter, with numerous small pieces
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48673
inset through the hoop that resemble
rays. A narrow lath bisects the center of
the hoop. The rack is painted with
geometric designs in red and blue. A set
of red dangles hang down from each
side of the rack.
The sixteenth Gaan mask consists of
a cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84688). The hood is made from
a cloth bag and is primarily black. The
rack consists of a horizontal piece with
three vertical sections, and is attached
with fabric ties to a U-shaped support
beneath the mask. The central section
consists of two pointed slats with cross
pieces and two sunbursts. The outer
sections consist of a pointed lath with
two sections of shorter laths attached
near the top and bottom. A set of red
dangles hang down from each end of the
horizontal piece. The rack is painted in
geometric designs in red, blue, and
black. The seventeenth Gaan mask
consists of a cloth hood and attached
rack (catalog number 84689). The cloth
hood is black with small perforations for
the eyes. A brass button is attached over
each perforation. The rack consists of
three sections. The central section
consists of four laths that come to a
point at the top with laths attached at
an angle on each side. The outer
sections consist of five laths set
diagonally on the hood that come to a
diagonal point at the top. A set of red
dangles hang down from each outer
section. The rack is painted with
geometric designs in blue, red, and
black.
The eighteenth Gaan mask consists of
a cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84690). The hood is black with
three small perforations for the eyes and
mouth. A brass button is attached above
each perforation. The rack consists of a
vertical section with a half sunburst at
top and a horizontal section attached
near the hood. The rack is painted with
geometric designs in red, black, and
blue. A set of red dangles hang from
each side of the horizontal section. The
nineteenth Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog
number 84691). The hood appears to be
black and gray with blue paint or
printing beneath the mouth. The rack is
in the shape of a cross with a circular
disc within a hoop at the top. The rack
is painted white with geometric designs
and dots in red and black. A set of
reddish dangles hang from each side of
the horizontal section of the cross.
One singular wand is the shape of a
cross (catalog number 84598). The wand
measures 57 inches x 23 1/4 inches and
has a crosspiece near the top. It comes
to a point at the bottom end and has
been painted blue, black, yellow, and
possibly white and red. There is a
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mortise cut horizontally in the vertical
section of wood. The crosspiece is set
into the mortise and tied with a leather
thong. A set of four wands is painted in
what appears to be yellow, black, and
possibly blue (catalog number 84599).
Each wand comes to a point at one end.
The tops of the poles are slightly
tapered and have a notch cut around the
wand’s circumference.
A set of two wands includes a small
medicine hoop (catalog number 84656).
Both wands taper to a point at one end.
One wand is approximately 51 inches
long and has small wooden hoop,
approximately 7 1/2 inches in diameter,
attached by being set into a notch. This
wand is painted red and yellow, and has
blue dots. The hoop is painted blue on
the interior and has blue dots painted
on the exterior. The second wand has a
notch, but no hoop attached. It is
approximately 51 3/4 inches in length.
The central section of wand is 36 inches
and painted blue. Blue dots are painted
on the non-pointed end of the wand. A
set of two wands is painted with
geometric designs and dots in black,
green, and red (catalog number 84678).
A sunburst is attached to the center of
one of the wands. Both wands come to
a point at one end.
A set of two wands is pointed at one
end and painted black on both sides
(catalog number 84681). One is
approximately 27 1/4 inches in length
and the other is approximately 27 1/2
inches long. Both wands have a zigzag
line on one side and white dots painted
on the other side. A set of two wands
is blackened on both sides and comes to
a point at one end (catalog number
84683).
The first set of medicine hoops
includes four hoops (catalog number
84600). One hoop is approximately 16
inches in diameter and painted black.
The second hoop is approximately 19
1/4 inches in diameter and appears to
have been painted white. The third
hoop is approximately 21 1/2 inches in
diameter and painted blue. The fourth
hoop is approximately 22 3/4 inches in
diameter and appears to be painted
yellow. The second set of medicine
hoops includes two hoops (catalog
number 84601). One hoop is
approximately 18 3/4 inches in diameter
and appears yellowish. The second
hoop is approximately 21 1/2 inches in
diameter and appears blackened.
The third set of medicine hoops
includes two hoops with worked stones
attached (catalog number 84604). One
hoop is approximately 16 inches in
diameter and has five pieces of worked
stone attached with sinew at intervals
around the hoop. The hoop appears
yellow with blue dots. The second hoop
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is approximately 16 1/4 inches in
diameter and has four worked stones
attached with sinew. The fourth set of
medicine hoops includes two hoops
(catalog number 84605). One of the
hoops is broken. The broken hoop was
approximately 21 inches in diameter
and painted either dark blue or black
with red-brown dots. The second hoop
is approximately 19 1/2 inches in
diameter and painted black or brown.
The fifth set of medicine hoops
includes two hoops with cross pieces
(catalog number 84657). One hoop is
broken, but was originally
approximately 20 1/2 inches in
diameter. This hoop originally had
small, carved pieces of wood or yucca
in sets of four attached at four different
points of the hoop. Several pieces,
however, are broken or missing. Most of
the carved pieces are painted blue, but
one appears red. The hoop may have
been painted, but the color is unclear.
The second medicine hoop is
approximately 15 3/4 inches in diameter
and appears to have been painted blue.
This hoop has pieces of carved wood in
sets of four attached at four different
points of the hoop. The pieces appear to
be painted blue and are approximately
3 3/4 inches in length. A few of the
carved wooden pieces are broken or
missing. The sixth set of medicine
hoops includes four small hoops with
feathers attached (catalog number
84667). One hoop is painted white, the
second appears to be partially painted
blue, the third appears to be painted
yellow, and the fourth appears to be
painted red.
The bullroarer is painted with zigzag
lines in black and red (catalog number
84679). A string is attached at the
narrow end of the bullroarer and is
wrapped loosely around it.
The medicine string is attached to a
painted buckskin bag with a worn cloth
covering and a cross within it (catalog
number 84722). Two brass buttons are
attached to a flap with corresponding
holes in the flap to close the bag. The
buckskin bag contained a cross and
worn piece of cloth. The medicine string
has blue glass and white stone or glass
beads attached at intervals. The bag is
rectangular and consists of buckskin
folded over like an envelope or wallet.
There are zigzag and geometric designs
painted on the outside of the bag in
blue, yellow, and red. At the center of
the flap there is a rectangular piece of
(abalone) shell with a feather attached.
The worn, printed, cotton cloth appears
stained and has several holes. The cross
consists of two pieces of wood and is
approximately 5 3/4 inches x 3 1/2
inches. It is painted in geometric
designs in yellow, blue, and red. At the
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top of the cross there appears to be a
depiction of a person’s face with a
crown and a depiction of the figure’s
arms on the horizontal of the cross. A
white feather and shell are attached at
the center of the cross.
These cultural items were purchased
for the Field Museum by Charles L.
Owen during two Field Columbian
Museum expeditions to the White
Mountain Apache Reservation in 1901
and in 1903. The museum accessioned
the items into its collection in the same
year they were collected.
The cultural affiliation of the cultural
items is White Mountain Apache as
indicated by museum records and
consultation evidence presented by the
White Mountain Apache Tribe of the
Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona. Most
of the cultural items are identified as
coming from the White Mountain
Apache Reservation. In other cases, the
cultural items are identified as coming
from the White River Agency, the North
Fork of the White River, or the East Fork
of the White River, which are located on
the Fort Apache Indian Reservation
White Mountain Apache Trust Lands.
Officials of the Field Museum of
Natural History have determined that,
pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001, the 56
cultural items meet the definition of
cultural items and are subject to
repatriation under NAGPRA. Officials of
the Field Museum of Natural History
also have determined that, pursuant to
25 U.S.C. 3001 (2), there is a
relationship of shared group identity
that can be reasonably traced between
the cultural items and the White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the cultural items should
contact Jonathan Haas, MacArthur
Curator of North American
Anthropology, Field Museum of Natural
History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, IL 60605, telephone (312) 665–
7829, before September 24, 2007.
Repatriation of the cultural items to the
White Mountain Apache Tribe of the
Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona may
proceed after that date if no additional
claimants come forward.
The Field Museum of Natural History
is responsible for notifying the Apache
Tribe of Oklahoma; Fort McDowell
Yavapai Nation, Arizona; Fort Sill
Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Jicarilla
Apache Nation, New Mexico; Mescalero
Apache Tribe of the Mescalero
Reservation, New Mexico; San Carlos
Apache Tribe of the San Carlos
Reservation, Arizona; Tonto Apache
Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
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Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai–
Apache Nation of the Camp Verde
Indian Reservation, Arizona that this
notice has been published.
Dated: August 8, 2007.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E7–16774 Filed 8–23–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–50–S
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural
Items: Field Museum of Natural
History, Chicago, IL
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
yshivers on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate items in the possession of
the Field Museum of Natural History
(Field Museum), Chicago, IL that meet
the definition of ‘‘cultural items’’ under
25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003 (d) (3). The determinations
in this notice are the sole responsibility
of the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not
responsible for the determinations in
this notice.
The 159 cultural items are 134 items
in the Montzheimer Collection (FM
accession 206, catalog 17277–17407)
and 25 items in the Hubbell Collection
(FM accession 1106, catalog 53215–
53239). Both collections consist of ritual
paraphernalia related to the activities of
a Navajo Hataalii – chanter, singer,
medicine man/woman. Collectively the
cultural items are referred to as jish and
are used in the Nightway ceremony.
The Montzheimer Collection was a
gift to the museum from Edward E. Ayer
in 1895. Mr. Ayer purchased the
collection from A. Montzheimer, a
collector living in ‘‘Navajo Country.’’
The Montzheimer collection consists of
19 bundles of feathers; 12 plume
sticks;1 bundle of eagle quills; 1 gourd
rattle; 3 rawhide rattles; 4 small bows;
1 bundle containing fire sticks; 1 horn
cup; 2 small shells; 1 polished stone; 2
quartz fragments; 2 jasper arrow points;
1 flint arrow point; 8 implements of
flint, wood, buckskin, stone and bone; 1
bone fragment; 1 tin box containing blue
pigment; 1 small clay vessel; 1 wooden
stick wrapped with yarn; 2 badger feet;
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1 necklace of hawk talons; 2 amulets of
hawk and eagle talons; 4 painted
buckskin masks; 1 buckskin bag; 1 piece
of buckskin; 1 small goatskin bag; 59
bags containing medicine; and 1 bag
containing horn.
The Hubbell Collection was acquired
by the museum from E.A. Burbank in
1910. Mr. Burbank had acquired the
items from J.L. Hubbell, a trader living
in Ganado, AZ. Mr. Hubbell acquired
the cultural items directly from
unnamed Navajo sources. The Hubbell
Collection consists of 20 painted
buckskin masks (including loose eagle
feathers originally associated with the
masks, but now unattached); 1 hump
back (for dancer); 1 twig bow; 1 bundle
of willow sticks with eagle feathers; and
2 rattles.
The cultural affiliation of the cultural
items is to the Navajo Nation, Arizona,
New Mexico & Utah as indicated by
museum records and by consultation
evidence presented by the Navajo
Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah.
Museum records indicate that the
cultural items are ‘‘Navajo.’’
Officials of the Field Museum of
Natural History have determined that,
pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001, the items
meet the definition of cultural items and
are subject to repatriation under
NAGPRA. Officials of the Field Museum
of Natural History also have determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (2),
there is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the cultural items and the
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico &
Utah.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the cultural items should
contact Jonathan Haas, MacArthur
Curator of North American
Anthropology, Field Museum of Natural
History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago IL 60605, telephone (312) 665–
7829, before September 24, 2007.
Repatriation of the cultural items to the
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico &
Utah may proceed after that date if no
additional claimants come forward.
The Field Museum of Natural History
is responsible for notifying the Navajo
Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
that this notice has been published.
Dated: August 8, 2007.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E7–16775 Filed 8–23–07; 8:45 am]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural
Items: Fort Worth Museum of Science
and History, Fort Worth, TX
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate cultural items in the
possession of the Fort Worth Museum of
Science and History, Fort Worth, TX
that meets the definition of
‘‘unassociated funerary objects’’ under
25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3). The determinations
in this notice are the sole responsibility
of the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not
responsible for the determinations in
this notice.
In the early 1950s, cultural items were
excavated from extended burials on
private property at site CA–SJO–105
under the control of the Phoebe A.
Hearst Museum of Anthropology,
University of California at Berkeley,
Berkeley, CA. In 1986, the Fort Worth
Museum of Science and History
obtained funerary objects that were
originally removed from this site. The
cultural items are recorded as excavated
from numbered burials; however, the
human remains are not in the
possession of the Fort Worth Museum of
Science and History. The 16
unassociated funerary objects are 2
Haliotis shell pendants, 4 obsidian knife
or spear points, 1 serrated–edge
obsidian point, 2 clam shell pendants or
spoons, 1 red/black obsidian scraper, 3
chert scrapers, 2 obsidian arrow points,
and 1 string of olivella shell beads. Four
obsidian points also were listed on the
original inventory, but are missing from
collections and have not been included
in this count.
Site CA–SJO–105 is located between
Stockton and Lodi, CA and within the
historical territory of the Northern
Valley Yokut. Descendants of the
Northern and Southern Valley Yokut are
members of the Santa Rosa Indian
Community of the Santa Rosa
Rancheria, California. The cultural
items are consistent with those used by
the Northern and Southern Valley
Yokut. The Santa Rosa Indian
Community of the Santa Rosa
E:\FR\FM\24AUN1.SGM
24AUN1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 164 (Friday, August 24, 2007)]
[Notices]
[Pages 48672-48675]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-16774]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: Field Museum of
Natural History, Chicago, IL
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate cultural items in the possession of the Field Museum of
Natural History (Field Museum), Chicago, IL that meet the definition of
``cultural items'' under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3).
The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
The 56 cultural items are 19 Gaan masks, 18 wands (5 are associated
with masks), 16 hoops, 1 bullroarer, and 1 medicine string attached to
a buckskin bag.
The first Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack, and
is associated with two wands (catalog number 68807). The cloth hood is
black and brownish in color and has three small openings for the eyes
and mouth. The rack, made from wood, yucca, or sotol slats, is painted
with geometric designs and dots in red, white, and black. The two wands
both come to a point on one end and appear to be blackened. The second
Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack, and is associated
with two wands (catalog number 68808). The hood is primarily black. The
rack consists of three vertical sections and is painted red, green,
black, and white. Three red dangles hang from each end of the bottom
horizontal piece of the rack. The two wands are painted with geometric
and curvilinear designs. One wand has a diagonally pointed end. The
other wand has a crosspiece near the top.
The third Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 68809). The cloth hood is black and has three small
holes for the eyes and mouth. The rack consists of five laths making up
one vertical section and has a horizontal section of four pointed laths
attached across the middle and are attached at a diagonal at the base
and near the top of the rack. The rack is
[[Page 48673]]
painted with geometric designs in green, red, black, blue, and white.
The fourth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack, and is
associated with one wand (catalog number 68810). The cloth hood appears
black and has two small holes for the eyes. The rack consists of a
horizontal section across the bottom with a ``sunburst'' at the top.
The rack is painted in geometric designs in red, yellow, and black. The
wand has a crosspiece and is painted in red and black. The design
consists of black zigzag lines filled in with red.
The fifth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 68817). The hood is in very poor condition and the U-
shaped support piece that holds the rack in place can be seen. The
trident shaped rack is painted in red, white, and black. The sixth Gaan
mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack (catalog number 68818).
The hood is in poor condition. The trident shaped rack has attached
crosspieces, and painted with geometric designs and dots in red and
black. The seventh Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84673). The cloth hood is black with three small
perforations for the eyes and mouth. The rack consists of a central
piece made up of six vertical laths each coming to a point at the top.
It has triangular pieces jutting out, and two horizontal pieces with
what appear to be sunbursts on each end. The rack is painted in
geometric designs and dots in red, white, and blue and[sol]or black.
The eighth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84674). The hood is black with perforations for the
eyes with a brass button attached over each eye perforation. The
trident shaped rack is painted with geometric designs in red, blue,
black, yellow, and white. A set of red dangles hang down on each end of
the rack's horizontal support piece. The ninth Gaan mask consists of a
cloth hood and attached rack (catalog number 84675). The cloth hood is
black with two small perforations for the eyes with a brass button over
each eye-hole. The hood is made from a grain or flour sack, and has
writing in red and black. The rack is painted with geometric designs
and dots in yellow, white, red, black, and blue. The rack consists of
four vertical laths that come to a point at the top and three sets of
horizontal laths. A set of red dangles hang down from each side of the
middle set of horizontal slats.
The tenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84676). The cloth hood is black with two small
perforations for the eyes. A brass button is attached over one eye-
hole. It appears that originally there were two buttons on the mask to
represent eyes. The rack is painted with geometric and zigzag designs
in green, red, and black. The rack consists of two short, individual,
vertical laths with a black zigzag design and two sets of three laths
with cross pieces and red dangles that jut out diagonally on either
side. The eleventh Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84677). The cloth hood is black with two perforations
for the eyes. A piece of carved shell and a feather is attached in the
center above the eyes. The rack is trident shaped with one horizontal
lath, three vertical pieces that come to a point at the end, and two
stepped laths that are placed on the diagonal between the outer and
central laths. The rack is painted in red, white, green, and black.
There is a small hoop attached at the top of both of the outer vertical
pieces.
The twelfth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84680). The cloth hood is black with three small
perforations for the eyes and mouth. The rack is painted white with a
black design in the center of the middle vertical section. Cross pieces
are used on the three vertical sections and on the horizontal lath. A
set of reddish dangles hang down from each side of the horizontal lath.
The thirteenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84682). The cloth hood is black with three small
perforations for the eyes and mouth. The hood was made from a grain or
flour sack. Printed writing in brown or red is visible on the hood. The
rack consists of one horizontal piece at the base and three vertical
sections. The central section is shaped like a cross. The outer
sections have three cross pieces. A set of dangles hang down from each
side of the horizontal piece. The rack is painted black with a few
areas at the top of the vertical laths and cross pieces left natural.
The fourteenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84684). The cloth hood is brownish in color. The hood
was made from a printed grain or flour sack. There is a leaf-type
pattern design and writing. The rack consists of two connected vertical
laths with cross pieces and is painted white and black. The fifteenth
Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack (catalog number
84687). The cloth hood is black with three small perforations for the
eyes and mouth. The rack consists of a large central sunburst and two
sections that are attached toward each side of the hood. The sunburst
is constructed from a hoop, approximately 8 inches in diameter, with
numerous small pieces inset through the hoop that resemble rays. A
narrow lath bisects the center of the hoop. The rack is painted with
geometric designs in red and blue. A set of red dangles hang down from
each side of the rack.
The sixteenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84688). The hood is made from a cloth bag and is
primarily black. The rack consists of a horizontal piece with three
vertical sections, and is attached with fabric ties to a U-shaped
support beneath the mask. The central section consists of two pointed
slats with cross pieces and two sunbursts. The outer sections consist
of a pointed lath with two sections of shorter laths attached near the
top and bottom. A set of red dangles hang down from each end of the
horizontal piece. The rack is painted in geometric designs in red,
blue, and black. The seventeenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and
attached rack (catalog number 84689). The cloth hood is black with
small perforations for the eyes. A brass button is attached over each
perforation. The rack consists of three sections. The central section
consists of four laths that come to a point at the top with laths
attached at an angle on each side. The outer sections consist of five
laths set diagonally on the hood that come to a diagonal point at the
top. A set of red dangles hang down from each outer section. The rack
is painted with geometric designs in blue, red, and black.
The eighteenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84690). The hood is black with three small perforations
for the eyes and mouth. A brass button is attached above each
perforation. The rack consists of a vertical section with a half
sunburst at top and a horizontal section attached near the hood. The
rack is painted with geometric designs in red, black, and blue. A set
of red dangles hang from each side of the horizontal section. The
nineteenth Gaan mask consists of a cloth hood and attached rack
(catalog number 84691). The hood appears to be black and gray with blue
paint or printing beneath the mouth. The rack is in the shape of a
cross with a circular disc within a hoop at the top. The rack is
painted white with geometric designs and dots in red and black. A set
of reddish dangles hang from each side of the horizontal section of the
cross.
One singular wand is the shape of a cross (catalog number 84598).
The wand measures 57 inches x 23 1[sol]4 inches and has a crosspiece
near the top. It comes to a point at the bottom end and has been
painted blue, black, yellow, and possibly white and red. There is a
[[Page 48674]]
mortise cut horizontally in the vertical section of wood. The
crosspiece is set into the mortise and tied with a leather thong. A set
of four wands is painted in what appears to be yellow, black, and
possibly blue (catalog number 84599). Each wand comes to a point at one
end. The tops of the poles are slightly tapered and have a notch cut
around the wand's circumference.
A set of two wands includes a small medicine hoop (catalog number
84656). Both wands taper to a point at one end. One wand is
approximately 51 inches long and has small wooden hoop, approximately 7
1[sol]2 inches in diameter, attached by being set into a notch. This
wand is painted red and yellow, and has blue dots. The hoop is painted
blue on the interior and has blue dots painted on the exterior. The
second wand has a notch, but no hoop attached. It is approximately 51
3[sol]4 inches in length. The central section of wand is 36 inches and
painted blue. Blue dots are painted on the non-pointed end of the wand.
A set of two wands is painted with geometric designs and dots in black,
green, and red (catalog number 84678). A sunburst is attached to the
center of one of the wands. Both wands come to a point at one end.
A set of two wands is pointed at one end and painted black on both
sides (catalog number 84681). One is approximately 27 1[sol]4 inches in
length and the other is approximately 27 1[sol]2 inches long. Both
wands have a zigzag line on one side and white dots painted on the
other side. A set of two wands is blackened on both sides and comes to
a point at one end (catalog number 84683).
The first set of medicine hoops includes four hoops (catalog number
84600). One hoop is approximately 16 inches in diameter and painted
black. The second hoop is approximately 19 1[sol]4 inches in diameter
and appears to have been painted white. The third hoop is approximately
21 1[sol]2 inches in diameter and painted blue. The fourth hoop is
approximately 22 3[sol]4 inches in diameter and appears to be painted
yellow. The second set of medicine hoops includes two hoops (catalog
number 84601). One hoop is approximately 18 3[sol]4 inches in diameter
and appears yellowish. The second hoop is approximately 21 1[sol]2
inches in diameter and appears blackened.
The third set of medicine hoops includes two hoops with worked
stones attached (catalog number 84604). One hoop is approximately 16
inches in diameter and has five pieces of worked stone attached with
sinew at intervals around the hoop. The hoop appears yellow with blue
dots. The second hoop is approximately 16 1[sol]4 inches in diameter
and has four worked stones attached with sinew. The fourth set of
medicine hoops includes two hoops (catalog number 84605). One of the
hoops is broken. The broken hoop was approximately 21 inches in
diameter and painted either dark blue or black with red-brown dots. The
second hoop is approximately 19 1/2 inches in diameter and painted
black or brown.
The fifth set of medicine hoops includes two hoops with cross
pieces (catalog number 84657). One hoop is broken, but was originally
approximately 20 1[sol]2 inches in diameter. This hoop originally had
small, carved pieces of wood or yucca in sets of four attached at four
different points of the hoop. Several pieces, however, are broken or
missing. Most of the carved pieces are painted blue, but one appears
red. The hoop may have been painted, but the color is unclear. The
second medicine hoop is approximately 15 3[sol]4 inches in diameter and
appears to have been painted blue. This hoop has pieces of carved wood
in sets of four attached at four different points of the hoop. The
pieces appear to be painted blue and are approximately 3 3/4 inches in
length. A few of the carved wooden pieces are broken or missing. The
sixth set of medicine hoops includes four small hoops with feathers
attached (catalog number 84667). One hoop is painted white, the second
appears to be partially painted blue, the third appears to be painted
yellow, and the fourth appears to be painted red.
The bullroarer is painted with zigzag lines in black and red
(catalog number 84679). A string is attached at the narrow end of the
bullroarer and is wrapped loosely around it.
The medicine string is attached to a painted buckskin bag with a
worn cloth covering and a cross within it (catalog number 84722). Two
brass buttons are attached to a flap with corresponding holes in the
flap to close the bag. The buckskin bag contained a cross and worn
piece of cloth. The medicine string has blue glass and white stone or
glass beads attached at intervals. The bag is rectangular and consists
of buckskin folded over like an envelope or wallet. There are zigzag
and geometric designs painted on the outside of the bag in blue,
yellow, and red. At the center of the flap there is a rectangular piece
of (abalone) shell with a feather attached. The worn, printed, cotton
cloth appears stained and has several holes. The cross consists of two
pieces of wood and is approximately 5 3[sol]4 inches x 3 1[sol]2
inches. It is painted in geometric designs in yellow, blue, and red. At
the top of the cross there appears to be a depiction of a person's face
with a crown and a depiction of the figure's arms on the horizontal of
the cross. A white feather and shell are attached at the center of the
cross.
These cultural items were purchased for the Field Museum by Charles
L. Owen during two Field Columbian Museum expeditions to the White
Mountain Apache Reservation in 1901 and in 1903. The museum accessioned
the items into its collection in the same year they were collected.
The cultural affiliation of the cultural items is White Mountain
Apache as indicated by museum records and consultation evidence
presented by the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona. Most of the cultural items are identified as
coming from the White Mountain Apache Reservation. In other cases, the
cultural items are identified as coming from the White River Agency,
the North Fork of the White River, or the East Fork of the White River,
which are located on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation White Mountain
Apache Trust Lands.
Officials of the Field Museum of Natural History have determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001, the 56 cultural items meet the
definition of cultural items and are subject to repatriation under
NAGPRA. Officials of the Field Museum of Natural History also have
determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (2), there is a
relationship of shared group identity that can be reasonably traced
between the cultural items and the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the
Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona.
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to
be culturally affiliated with the cultural items should contact
Jonathan Haas, MacArthur Curator of North American Anthropology, Field
Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL
60605, telephone (312) 665-7829, before September 24, 2007.
Repatriation of the cultural items to the White Mountain Apache Tribe
of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona may proceed after that date if
no additional claimants come forward.
The Field Museum of Natural History is responsible for notifying
the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona;
Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Jicarilla Apache Nation, New
Mexico; Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New
Mexico; San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona;
Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache
[[Page 48675]]
Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde
Indian Reservation, Arizona that this notice has been published.
Dated: August 8, 2007.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E7-16774 Filed 8-23-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-50-S
