Special Conditions; Symphony Aircraft Industries, Inc. Model SA160; Protection of Systems for High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF), 39555-39557 [E7-14050]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
39555
Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
Vol. 72, No. 138
Thursday, July 19, 2007
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains regulatory documents having general
applicability and legal effect, most of which
are keyed to and codified in the Code of
Federal Regulations, which is published under
50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by
the Superintendent of Documents. Prices of
new books are listed in the first FEDERAL
REGISTER issue of each week.
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 23
[Docket No. CE271, Special Condition 23–
211–SC]
Special Conditions; Symphony Aircraft
Industries, Inc. Model SA160;
Protection of Systems for High
Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions; request
for comments.
cprice-sewell on PROD1PC66 with RULES
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: These special conditions are
issued to Symphony Aircraft Industries,
Inc. for a type design change to the
SA160 airplane. This airplane will have
novel and unusual design features when
compared to the state of technology
envisaged in the applicable
airworthiness standards. These novel
and unusual design features include the
installation of electronic flight
instrument system (EFIS) displays
(Entegra Avionics Suite) manufactured
by Avidyne Corporation for which the
applicable regulations do not contain
adequate or appropriate airworthiness
standards for the protection of these
systems from the effects of high
intensity radiated fields (HIRF). These
special conditions contain the
additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to
establish a level of safety equivalent to
the airworthiness standards applicable
to these airplanes.
DATES: The effective date of these
special conditions is July 6, 2007.
Comments must be received on or
before August 20, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Mail two copies of your
comments to: Federal Aviation
Administration, Regional Counsel,
ACE–7, Attention: Rules Docket Clerk,
Docket No. CE271, Room 506, 901
VerDate Aug<31>2005
13:36 Jul 18, 2007
Jkt 211001
Locust, Kansas City, Missouri 64106. All
comments must be marked: Docket No.
CE271. You may inspect comments in
the Rules Docket weekdays, except
Federal holidays, between 7:30 a.m. and
4 p.m.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jim
Brady, Aerospace Engineer, Standards
Office (ACE–111), Small Airplane
Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service, Federal Aviation
Administration, 901 Locust, Room 301,
Kansas City, Missouri 64106; telephone
(816) 329–4132.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
The FAA has determined that notice
and opportunity for prior public
comment hereon are impracticable
because these procedures would
significantly delay issuance of the
approval design and thus delivery of the
affected aircraft. In addition, the
substance of these special conditions
has been subject to the public comment
process in several prior instances with
no substantive comments received. The
FAA, therefore, finds that good cause
exists for making these special
conditions effective upon issuance.
Comments Invited
We invite interested persons to take
part in this rulemaking by sending
written data, views, or comments.
Identify the regulatory docket or notice
number and submit two copies to the
address specified above. The most
helpful comments reference a specific
portion of the special conditions,
explain the reason for any
recommended change, and include
supporting data.
We will file in the docket all
comments we receive on or before the
closing date as well as a report
summarizing each substantive public
contact with FAA personnel about these
special conditions. All comments
received will be available in the Rules
Docket for examination by interested
persons, both before and after the
closing date for comments.
We will consider all comments we
receive by the closing date for
comments. We will consider comments
filed late if it is possible to do so
without incurring expense or delay.
Based on the comments we receive, we
may change these special conditions.
If you want the FAA to acknowledge
receipt of your comments, include a
self-addressed, stamped postcard on
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
which the following statement is made:
‘‘Comments to Docket No. CE271.’’ The
postcard will be date stamped and we
will mail it back to you.
Background
On November 11, 2006, Symphony
Aircraft Industries, Inc. applied to the
FAA for a type design change to the
SA160 airplane. The Symphony Aircraft
SA160 is currently approved under TC
No. A46CE. The proposed modification
incorporates a novel or unusual design
feature, such as digital avionics
consisting of an EFIS that is vulnerable
to HIRF external to the airplane.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of 14 CFR part
21, § 21.101, Symphony Aircraft
Industries, Inc. must show that the
SA160 aircraft design change meets the
following provisions, or the applicable
regulations in effect on the date of
application for the change to the project:
Cert basis, 14 CFR part 23 effective
February 1, 1965, including
Amendments 23–1 through 23–53; 14
CFR part 36 effective November 18,
1969, including Amendments 36–1
through 36–22; as applicable, and
§ 23.1301 of Amendment 23–20;
§§ 23.1309, 23.1311, and 23.1321 of
Amendment 23–49; and § 23.1322 of
Amendment 23–43; exemptions, if any;
and the special conditions adopted by
this rulemaking action.
Discussion
If the Administrator finds that the
applicable airworthiness standards do
not contain adequate or appropriate
safety standards because of novel or
unusual design features of an airplane,
special conditions are prescribed under
the provisions of § 21.16.
Special conditions, as appropriate, as
defined in § 11.19, are issued in
accordance with § 11.38 after public
notice and become part of the type
certification basis in accordance with
§ 21.101 (b)(2).
Special conditions are initially
applicable to the model for which they
are issued. Should the applicant apply
for a supplemental type certificate to
modify any other model already
included on the same type certificate to
incorporate the same novel or unusual
design feature, the special conditions
would also apply to the other model
under the provisions of § 21.101.
E:\FR\FM\19JYR1.SGM
19JYR1
cprice-sewell on PROD1PC66 with RULES
39556
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 138 / Thursday, July 19, 2007 / Rules and Regulations
Novel or Unusual Design Features
Symphony Aircraft Industries, Inc.
plans to incorporate certain novel and
unusual design features into an airplane
for which the airworthiness standards
do not contain adequate or appropriate
safety standards for protection from the
effects of HIRF. These features include
EFIS, which are susceptible to the HIRF
environment, that were not envisaged
by the existing regulations for this type
of airplane.
Protection of Systems From High
Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF): Recent
advances in technology have given rise
to the application in aircraft designs of
advanced electrical and electronic
systems that perform functions required
for continued safe flight and landing.
Due to the use of sensitive solid state
advanced components in analog and
digital electronics circuits, these
advanced systems are readily responsive
to the transient effects of induced
electrical current and voltage caused by
the HIRF. The HIRF can degrade
electronic systems performance by
damaging components or upsetting
system functions.
Furthermore, the HIRF environment
has undergone a transformation that was
not foreseen when the current
requirements were developed. Higher
energy levels are radiated from
transmitters that are used for radar,
radio, and television. Also, the number
of transmitters has increased
significantly. There is also uncertainty
concerning the effectiveness of airframe
shielding for HIRF. Furthermore,
coupling to cockpit-installed equipment
through the cockpit window apertures is
undefined.
The combined effect of the
technological advances in airplane
design and the changing environment
has resulted in an increased level of
vulnerability of electrical and electronic
systems required for the continued safe
flight and landing of the airplane.
Effective measures against the effects of
exposure to HIRF must be provided by
the design and installation of these
systems. The accepted maximum energy
levels in which civilian airplane system
installations must be capable of
operating safely are based on surveys
and analysis of existing radio frequency
emitters. These special conditions
require that the airplane be evaluated
under these energy levels for the
protection of the electronic system and
its associated wiring harness. These
external threat levels, which are lower
than previous required values, are
believed to represent the worst case to
which an airplane would be exposed in
the operating environment.
VerDate Aug<31>2005
13:36 Jul 18, 2007
Jkt 211001
These special conditions require
qualification of systems that perform
critical functions, as installed in aircraft,
to the defined HIRF environment in
paragraph 1 or, as an option to a fixed
value using laboratory tests, in
paragraph 2, as follows:
(1) The applicant may demonstrate
that the operation and operational
capability of the installed electrical and
electronic systems that perform critical
functions are not adversely affected
when the aircraft is exposed to the HIRF
environment defined below:
Frequency
Field strength
(volts per meter)
Peak
10 kHz–100 kHz
100 kHz–500 kHz
500 kHz–2 MHz
2 MHz–30 MHz
30 MHz–70 MHz
70 MHz–100 MHz
100 MHz–200 MHz
200 MHz–400 MHz
400 MHz–700 MHz
700 MHz–1 GHz
1 GHz–2 GHz
2 GHz–4 GHz
4 GHz–6 GHz
6 GHz–8 GHz
8 GHz–12 GHz
12 GHz–18 GHz
18 GHz–40 GHz
Average
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
100
700
700
2000
3000
3000
1000
3000
2000
600
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
100
50
100
200
200
200
200
300
200
200
The field strengths are expressed in terms
of peak root-mean-square (rms) values.
or, (2) The applicant may demonstrate
by a system test and analysis that the
electrical and electronic systems that
perform critical functions can withstand
a minimum threat of 100 volts per meter
peak rms, electrical field strength, from
10 kHz to 18 GHz. When using this test
to show compliance with the HIRF
requirements, no credit is given for
signal attenuation due to installation.
A preliminary hazard analysis must
be performed by the applicant, for
approval by the FAA, to identify either
electrical or electronic systems that
perform critical functions. The term
‘‘critical’’ means those functions whose
failure would contribute to, or cause, a
failure condition that would prevent the
continued safe flight and landing of the
airplane. The systems identified by the
hazard analysis that perform critical
functions are candidates for the
application of HIRF requirements. A
system may perform both critical and
non-critical functions. Primary
electronic flight display systems, and
their associated components, perform
critical functions such as attitude,
altitude, and airspeed indication. The
HIRF requirements apply only to critical
functions.
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Compliance with HIRF requirements
may be demonstrated by tests, analysis,
models, similarity with existing
systems, or any combination of these.
Service experience alone is not
acceptable since normal flight
operations may not include an exposure
to the HIRF environment. Reliance on a
system with similar design features for
redundancy as a means of protection
against the effects of external HIRF is
generally insufficient since all elements
of a redundant system are likely to be
exposed to the fields concurrently.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special
conditions are applicable to the SA160
Avidyne Entegra Avionics Suite project.
Should Symphony Aircraft Industries,
Inc. apply at a later date for a
supplemental type certificate to modify
any other model on the same type
certificate to incorporate the same novel
or unusual design feature, the special
conditions would apply to that model as
well under the provisions of § 21.101.
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel
or unusual design features on one model
of airplane. It is not a rule of general
applicability and affects only the
applicant who applied to the FAA for
approval of these features on the
airplane.
The substance of these special
conditions has been subjected to the
notice and comment period in several
prior instances and has been derived
without substantive change from those
previously issued. It is unlikely that
prior public comment would result in a
significant change from the substance
contained herein. For this reason, and
because a delay would significantly
affect the certification of the airplane,
which is imminent, the FAA has
determined that prior public notice and
comment are unnecessary and
impracticable, and good cause exists for
adopting these special conditions upon
issuance. The FAA is requesting
comments to allow interested persons to
submit views that may not have been
submitted in response to the prior
opportunities for comment described
above.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 23
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Signs and
symbols.
Citation
The authority citation for these
special conditions is as follows:
I
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113 and
44701; 14 CFR 21.16 and 21.101; and 14 CFR
11.38 and 11.19.
E:\FR\FM\19JYR1.SGM
19JYR1
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 138 / Thursday, July 19, 2007 / Rules and Regulations
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority
delegated to me by the Administrator,
the following special conditions are
issued as part of the type certification
basis for SA160 Avidyne Entegra
Avionics Suite Project airplane
modified by Symphony Aircraft
Industries, Inc. to add an EFIS.
1. Protection of Electrical and
Electronic Systems from High Intensity
Radiated Fields (HIRF). Each system
that performs critical functions must be
designed and installed to ensure that the
operations, and operational capabilities
of these systems to perform critical
functions, are not adversely affected
when the airplane is exposed to high
intensity radiated electromagnetic fields
external to the airplane.
2. For the purpose of these special
conditions, the following definition
applies:
Critical Functions: Functions whose
failure would contribute to, or cause, a
failure condition that would prevent the
continued safe flight and landing of the
airplane.
I
a hearing or otherwise provide a basis
for revoking or modifying the
amendment to the regulation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Andrew J. Zajac, Center for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition (HFS–265), Food
and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint
Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740–
3835, 301–436–1267.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Introduction
21 CFR Part 179
In the Federal Register of February
24, 1994 (59 FR 8995), FDA published
a notice announcing the filing of a
petition (FAP 4M4407) submitted by
Analytical Systems Engineering Corp.
(ASEC) (now ACS Defense, Inc.) to
amend the food additive regulations in
§ 179.21 Sources of radiation used for
inspection of food, for inspection of
packaged food, and for controlling food
processing (21 CFR 179.21) to provide
for the safe use of machine sources of
high energy x-rays to inspect cargo
containers that may contain food. The
rights to the petition were subsequently
transferred to R. F. Reiter and
Associates. In response to the petition,
FDA issued a final rule in the Federal
Register of April 10, 2001 (66 FR
18537), permitting the use of x-rays
produced by machine sources of 10
million electron volts (MeV) or lower to
inspect food, providing that no food
receives a dose in excess of 0.5 gray
(Gy). This rule will be referred to in this
document as the ‘‘cargo inspection final
rule.’’ The preamble to the final rule
advised that objections to the final rule
and requests for a hearing were due
within 30 days of the publication date
(i.e., by May 10, 2001).
[Docket No. 1994F–0008 (formerly Docket
No. 94F–0008)]
II. Objections and Requests for a
Hearing
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on July 6,
2007.
David R. Showers,
Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. E7–14050 Filed 7–18–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
Irradiation in the Production,
Processing and Handling of Food
AGENCY:
Food and Drug Administration,
HHS.
Final rule; response to
objections and denial of requests for a
hearing.
cprice-sewell on PROD1PC66 with RULES
ACTION:
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) is responding to
objections and is denying the requests
that it has received for a hearing on the
final rule that amended the food
additive regulations to authorize the use
of a machine source of high energy xrays to inspect cargo containers that
may contain food. After reviewing the
objections to the final rule and the
requests for a hearing, the agency has
concluded that the objections do not
raise issues of material fact that justify
VerDate Aug<31>2005
13:36 Jul 18, 2007
Jkt 211001
Section 409(f) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) (21
U.S.C. 348(f)), provides that, within 30
days after publication of an order
relating to a food additive regulation,
any person adversely affected by such
order may file objections, ‘‘specifying
with particularity the provisions of the
order deemed objectionable, stating
reasonable grounds therefor, and
requesting a public hearing upon such
objections.’’ FDA may deny a hearing
request if the objections to the
regulation do not raise genuine and
substantial issues of fact that can be
resolved at a hearing. (Community
Nutrition Institute v. Young, 773 F. 2d
1356, 1364 (D.C. Cir. 1985), cert. denied,
475 U.S. 1123 (1986)).
Under the food additive regulations at
21 CFR 171.110, objections and requests
for a hearing are governed by part 12 (21
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
39557
CFR part 12) of FDA’s regulations.
Under § 12.22(a), each objection must
meet the following conditions: (1) Must
be submitted on or before the 30th day
after the date of publication of the final
rule; (2) must be separately numbered;
(3) must specify with particularity the
provision of the regulation or proposed
order objected to; (4) must specifically
state each objection on which a hearing
is requested; failure to request a hearing
on an objection constitutes a waiver of
the right to a hearing on that objection;
and (5) must include a detailed
description and analysis of the factual
information to be presented in support
of the objection if a hearing is requested;
failure to include a description and
analysis for an objection constitutes a
waiver of the right to a hearing on that
objection.
Following publication of the cargo
inspection final rule, FDA received a
letter from Public Citizen within the 30day objection period. Public Citizen
sought revocation of the final rule based
on three objections and requested a
hearing on issues raised by each
objection.
III. Standards for Granting a Hearing
Specific criteria for deciding whether
to grant or deny a request for a hearing
are set out in § 12.24(b). Under that
regulation, a hearing will be granted if
the material submitted by the requester
shows, among other things, the
following: (1) There is a genuine and
substantial factual issue for resolution at
a hearing; a hearing will not be granted
on issues of policy or law; (2) the factual
issue can be resolved by available and
specifically identified reliable evidence;
a hearing will not be granted on the
basis of mere allegations or denials or
general descriptions of positions and
contentions; (3) the data and
information submitted, if established at
a hearing, would be adequate to justify
resolution of the factual issue in the way
sought by the requestor; a hearing will
be denied if the data and information
submitted are insufficient to justify the
factual determination urged, even if
accurate; (4) resolution of the factual
issue in the way sought by the person
is adequate to justify the action
requested; a hearing will not be granted
on factual issues that are not
determinative with respect to the action
requested (e.g., if the action would be
the same even if the factual issue were
resolved in the way sought); (5) the
action requested is not inconsistent with
any provision in the act or any FDA
regulation; and (6) the requirements in
other applicable regulations, e.g., 21
CFR 10.20, §§ 12.21 and 12.22, and in
the notice issuing the final requlation or
E:\FR\FM\19JYR1.SGM
19JYR1
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 138 (Thursday, July 19, 2007)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 39555-39557]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-14050]
========================================================================
Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents.
Prices of new books are listed in the first FEDERAL REGISTER issue of each
week.
========================================================================
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 138 / Thursday, July 19, 2007 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 39555]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 23
[Docket No. CE271, Special Condition 23-211-SC]
Special Conditions; Symphony Aircraft Industries, Inc. Model
SA160; Protection of Systems for High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued to Symphony Aircraft
Industries, Inc. for a type design change to the SA160 airplane. This
airplane will have novel and unusual design features when compared to
the state of technology envisaged in the applicable airworthiness
standards. These novel and unusual design features include the
installation of electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) displays
(Entegra Avionics Suite) manufactured by Avidyne Corporation for which
the applicable regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate
airworthiness standards for the protection of these systems from the
effects of high intensity radiated fields (HIRF). These special
conditions contain the additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety
equivalent to the airworthiness standards applicable to these
airplanes.
DATES: The effective date of these special conditions is July 6, 2007.
Comments must be received on or before August 20, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Mail two copies of your comments to: Federal Aviation
Administration, Regional Counsel, ACE-7, Attention: Rules Docket Clerk,
Docket No. CE271, Room 506, 901 Locust, Kansas City, Missouri 64106.
All comments must be marked: Docket No. CE271. You may inspect comments
in the Rules Docket weekdays, except Federal holidays, between 7:30
a.m. and 4 p.m.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jim Brady, Aerospace Engineer,
Standards Office (ACE-111), Small Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
Certification Service, Federal Aviation Administration, 901 Locust,
Room 301, Kansas City, Missouri 64106; telephone (816) 329-4132.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
The FAA has determined that notice and opportunity for prior public
comment hereon are impracticable because these procedures would
significantly delay issuance of the approval design and thus delivery
of the affected aircraft. In addition, the substance of these special
conditions has been subject to the public comment process in several
prior instances with no substantive comments received. The FAA,
therefore, finds that good cause exists for making these special
conditions effective upon issuance.
Comments Invited
We invite interested persons to take part in this rulemaking by
sending written data, views, or comments. Identify the regulatory
docket or notice number and submit two copies to the address specified
above. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion of the
special conditions, explain the reason for any recommended change, and
include supporting data.
We will file in the docket all comments we receive on or before the
closing date as well as a report summarizing each substantive public
contact with FAA personnel about these special conditions. All comments
received will be available in the Rules Docket for examination by
interested persons, both before and after the closing date for
comments.
We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for
comments. We will consider comments filed late if it is possible to do
so without incurring expense or delay. Based on the comments we
receive, we may change these special conditions.
If you want the FAA to acknowledge receipt of your comments,
include a self-addressed, stamped postcard on which the following
statement is made: ``Comments to Docket No. CE271.'' The postcard will
be date stamped and we will mail it back to you.
Background
On November 11, 2006, Symphony Aircraft Industries, Inc. applied to
the FAA for a type design change to the SA160 airplane. The Symphony
Aircraft SA160 is currently approved under TC No. A46CE. The proposed
modification incorporates a novel or unusual design feature, such as
digital avionics consisting of an EFIS that is vulnerable to HIRF
external to the airplane.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of 14 CFR part 21, Sec. 21.101, Symphony
Aircraft Industries, Inc. must show that the SA160 aircraft design
change meets the following provisions, or the applicable regulations in
effect on the date of application for the change to the project: Cert
basis, 14 CFR part 23 effective February 1, 1965, including Amendments
23-1 through 23-53; 14 CFR part 36 effective November 18, 1969,
including Amendments 36-1 through 36-22; as applicable, and Sec.
23.1301 of Amendment 23-20; Sec. Sec. 23.1309, 23.1311, and 23.1321 of
Amendment 23-49; and Sec. 23.1322 of Amendment 23-43; exemptions, if
any; and the special conditions adopted by this rulemaking action.
Discussion
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
standards do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards
because of novel or unusual design features of an airplane, special
conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.
Special conditions, as appropriate, as defined in Sec. 11.19, are
issued in accordance with Sec. 11.38 after public notice and become
part of the type certification basis in accordance with Sec. 21.101
(b)(2).
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the applicant apply for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model already included on the same type
certificate to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature,
the special conditions would also apply to the other model under the
provisions of Sec. 21.101.
[[Page 39556]]
Novel or Unusual Design Features
Symphony Aircraft Industries, Inc. plans to incorporate certain
novel and unusual design features into an airplane for which the
airworthiness standards do not contain adequate or appropriate safety
standards for protection from the effects of HIRF. These features
include EFIS, which are susceptible to the HIRF environment, that were
not envisaged by the existing regulations for this type of airplane.
Protection of Systems From High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF):
Recent advances in technology have given rise to the application in
aircraft designs of advanced electrical and electronic systems that
perform functions required for continued safe flight and landing. Due
to the use of sensitive solid state advanced components in analog and
digital electronics circuits, these advanced systems are readily
responsive to the transient effects of induced electrical current and
voltage caused by the HIRF. The HIRF can degrade electronic systems
performance by damaging components or upsetting system functions.
Furthermore, the HIRF environment has undergone a transformation
that was not foreseen when the current requirements were developed.
Higher energy levels are radiated from transmitters that are used for
radar, radio, and television. Also, the number of transmitters has
increased significantly. There is also uncertainty concerning the
effectiveness of airframe shielding for HIRF. Furthermore, coupling to
cockpit-installed equipment through the cockpit window apertures is
undefined.
The combined effect of the technological advances in airplane
design and the changing environment has resulted in an increased level
of vulnerability of electrical and electronic systems required for the
continued safe flight and landing of the airplane. Effective measures
against the effects of exposure to HIRF must be provided by the design
and installation of these systems. The accepted maximum energy levels
in which civilian airplane system installations must be capable of
operating safely are based on surveys and analysis of existing radio
frequency emitters. These special conditions require that the airplane
be evaluated under these energy levels for the protection of the
electronic system and its associated wiring harness. These external
threat levels, which are lower than previous required values, are
believed to represent the worst case to which an airplane would be
exposed in the operating environment.
These special conditions require qualification of systems that
perform critical functions, as installed in aircraft, to the defined
HIRF environment in paragraph 1 or, as an option to a fixed value using
laboratory tests, in paragraph 2, as follows:
(1) The applicant may demonstrate that the operation and
operational capability of the installed electrical and electronic
systems that perform critical functions are not adversely affected when
the aircraft is exposed to the HIRF environment defined below:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field strength
(volts per meter)
Frequency ---------------------
Peak Average
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 kHz-100 kHz 50 50
100 kHz-500 kHz 50 50
500 kHz-2 MHz 50 50
2 MHz-30 MHz 100 100
30 MHz-70 MHz 50 50
70 MHz-100 MHz 50 50
100 MHz-200 MHz 100 100
200 MHz-400 MHz 100 100
400 MHz-700 MHz 700 50
700 MHz-1 GHz 700 100
1 GHz-2 GHz 2000 200
2 GHz-4 GHz 3000 200
4 GHz-6 GHz 3000 200
6 GHz-8 GHz 1000 200
8 GHz-12 GHz 3000 300
12 GHz-18 GHz 2000 200
18 GHz-40 GHz 600 200
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The field strengths are expressed in terms of peak root-mean-square
(rms) values.
or, (2) The applicant may demonstrate by a system test and analysis
that the electrical and electronic systems that perform critical
functions can withstand a minimum threat of 100 volts per meter peak
rms, electrical field strength, from 10 kHz to 18 GHz. When using this
test to show compliance with the HIRF requirements, no credit is given
for signal attenuation due to installation.
A preliminary hazard analysis must be performed by the applicant,
for approval by the FAA, to identify either electrical or electronic
systems that perform critical functions. The term ``critical'' means
those functions whose failure would contribute to, or cause, a failure
condition that would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of
the airplane. The systems identified by the hazard analysis that
perform critical functions are candidates for the application of HIRF
requirements. A system may perform both critical and non-critical
functions. Primary electronic flight display systems, and their
associated components, perform critical functions such as attitude,
altitude, and airspeed indication. The HIRF requirements apply only to
critical functions.
Compliance with HIRF requirements may be demonstrated by tests,
analysis, models, similarity with existing systems, or any combination
of these. Service experience alone is not acceptable since normal
flight operations may not include an exposure to the HIRF environment.
Reliance on a system with similar design features for redundancy as a
means of protection against the effects of external HIRF is generally
insufficient since all elements of a redundant system are likely to be
exposed to the fields concurrently.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the
SA160 Avidyne Entegra Avionics Suite project. Should Symphony Aircraft
Industries, Inc. apply at a later date for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model on the same type certificate to
incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature, the special
conditions would apply to that model as well under the provisions of
Sec. 21.101.
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on one model of airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability and
affects only the applicant who applied to the FAA for approval of these
features on the airplane.
The substance of these special conditions has been subjected to the
notice and comment period in several prior instances and has been
derived without substantive change from those previously issued. It is
unlikely that prior public comment would result in a significant change
from the substance contained herein. For this reason, and because a
delay would significantly affect the certification of the airplane,
which is imminent, the FAA has determined that prior public notice and
comment are unnecessary and impracticable, and good cause exists for
adopting these special conditions upon issuance. The FAA is requesting
comments to allow interested persons to submit views that may not have
been submitted in response to the prior opportunities for comment
described above.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 23
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Signs and symbols.
Citation
0
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113 and 44701; 14 CFR 21.16 and
21.101; and 14 CFR 11.38 and 11.19.
[[Page 39557]]
The Special Conditions
0
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type certification basis for SA160 Avidyne Entegra Avionics Suite
Project airplane modified by Symphony Aircraft Industries, Inc. to add
an EFIS.
1. Protection of Electrical and Electronic Systems from High
Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF). Each system that performs critical
functions must be designed and installed to ensure that the operations,
and operational capabilities of these systems to perform critical
functions, are not adversely affected when the airplane is exposed to
high intensity radiated electromagnetic fields external to the
airplane.
2. For the purpose of these special conditions, the following
definition applies:
Critical Functions: Functions whose failure would contribute to, or
cause, a failure condition that would prevent the continued safe flight
and landing of the airplane.
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on July 6, 2007.
David R. Showers,
Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. E7-14050 Filed 7-18-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P
