Determination of Attainment, Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans and Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; Indiana; Redesignation of the Clark and Floyd Counties 8-Hour Nonattainment Area to Attainment for Ozone, 26057-26068 [E7-8772]
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 8, 2007 / Proposed Rules
of an area to attainment under section
107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act does
not impose any new requirements on
small entities. Redesignation is an
action that affects the status of a
geographical area and does not impose
any new regulatory requirements on
sources. Accordingly, the Administrator
certifies that this proposed rule will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.). Because this rule
proposes to approve pre-existing
requirements under state law and does
not impose any additional enforceable
duty beyond that required by state law,
it does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4). This proposed
rule also does not have a substantial
direct effect on one or more Indian
tribes, on the relationship between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities between the Federal
Government and Indian tribes, as
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65
FR 67249, November 9, 2000), nor will
it have substantial direct effects on the
States, on the relationship between the
national government and the States, or
on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government, as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999), because it merely
proposes to affect the status of a
geographical area, does not impose any
new requirements on sources, or allow
the state to avoid adopting or
implementing other requirements, and
does not alter the relationship or the
distribution of power and
responsibilities established in the Clean
Air Act. This proposed rule also is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR
19885, April 23, 1997), because it
approves a state rule implementing a
Federal standard.
In reviewing SIP submissions, EPA’s
role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of
the Clean Air Act. In this context, in the
absence of a prior existing requirement
for the State to use voluntary consensus
standards (VCS), EPA has no authority
to disapprove a SIP submission for
failure to use VCS. It would thus be
inconsistent with applicable law for
EPA, when it reviews a SIP submission;
to use VCS in place of a SIP submission
that otherwise satisfies the provisions of
the Clean Air Act. Redesignation is an
action that affects the status of a
geographical area and does not impose
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any new requirements on sources. Thus,
the requirements of section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C.
272 note) do not apply. As required by
section 3 of Executive Order 12988 (61
FR 4729, February 7, 1996), in issuing
this proposed rule, EPA has taken the
necessary steps to eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity, minimize
potential litigation, and provide a clear
legal standard for affected conduct. EPA
has complied with Executive Order
12630 (53 FR 8859, March 15, 1988) by
examining the takings implications of
the rule in accordance with the
‘‘Attorney General’s Supplemental
Guidelines for the Evaluation of Risk
and Avoidance of Unanticipated
Takings’’ issued under the executive
order. This rule proposing to approve
the redesignation of the Tioga Area to
attainment for the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS, the associated maintenance
plan, the 2002 base year inventory, and
the MVEBs identified in the
maintenance plan, does not impose an
information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Nitrogen Oxides,
Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Volatile organic
compounds.
40 CFR Part 81
Air pollution control, National parks,
Wilderness areas.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: April 26, 2007.
Judith Katz,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region III.
[FR Doc. E7–8669 Filed 5–7–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81
[EPA–R05–OAR–2006–0715; FRL–8310–9]
Determination of Attainment, Approval
and Promulgation of Implementation
Plans and Designation of Areas for Air
Quality Planning Purposes; Indiana;
Redesignation of the Clark and Floyd
Counties 8-Hour Nonattainment Area
to Attainment for Ozone
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
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26057
SUMMARY: On November 15, 2006, the
Indiana Department of Environmental
Management (IDEM) submitted a
request to redesignate the Indiana
portion of the Louisville 8-hour ozone
National Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS) nonattainment area (Clark and
Floyd Counties) to attainment for the 8hour ozone NAAQS, and a request for
EPA approval of a 14-year maintenance
plan for Clark and Floyd Counties.
Today, EPA is making a determination
that the Indiana portion of the
Louisville 8-hour ozone nonattainment
area has attained the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS. This determination is based on
three years of complete, quality-assured
ambient air quality monitoring data for
the 2003–2005 ozone seasons that
demonstrate that the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS has been attained in the area.
EPA is proposing to approve the request
to redesignate Clark and Floyd Counties
to attainment of the 8-hour ozone
standard based on its determination that
the Louisville 8-hour ozone
nonattainment area has met the criteria
for redesignation to attainment specified
in the Clean Air Act (CAA). EPA is also
proposing to approve Indiana’s
maintenance plan which adequately
supports continued attainment through
2020 and, for purposes of transportation
conformity, the Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) and Nitrogen Oxides
(NOX) Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets
(MVEBs) for the year 2003 and 2020.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before June 7, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R05–
OAR–2006–0715, by one of the
following methods:
• https://www.regulations.gov: Follow
the on-line instructions for submitting
comments.
• E-mail: mooney.john@epa.gov.
• Fax: (312) 886–5824.
• Mail: John M. Mooney, Chief,
Criteria Pollutant Section, Air Programs
Branch (AR–18J), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 77 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604.
• Hand Delivery: John M. Mooney,
Chief, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air
Programs Branch (AR–18J), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 77
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago,
Illinois. Such deliveries are only
accepted during the Regional Office’s
normal hours of operation, and special
arrangements should be made for
deliveries of boxed information. The
Regional Office’s official hours of
operation are Monday through Friday,
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. excluding Federal
holidays.
Instructions: Direct your comments to
Docket ID No. EPA–R05–OAR–2006–
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26058
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 8, 2007 / Proposed Rules
0715. EPA’s policy is that all comments
received will be included in the public
docket without change and may be
made available online at https://
www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information provided, unless
the comment includes information
claimed to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Do not submit information that you
consider to be CBI, or otherwise
protected, through https://
www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The
https://www.regulations.gov website is
an ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which
means EPA will not know your identity
or contact information unless you
provide it in the body of your comment.
If you send an e-mail comment directly
to EPA without going through https://
www.regulations.gov, your e-mail
address will be automatically captured
and included as part of the comment
that is placed in the public docket and
made available on the Internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, EPA
recommends that you include your
name and other contact information in
the body of your comment and with any
disk or CD–ROM you submit. If EPA
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, EPA may not be
able to consider your comment.
Electronic files should avoid the use of
special characters and any form of
encryption, and should be free of any
defects or viruses.
Docket: All documents in the docket
are listed in the https://
www.regulations.gov index. Although
listed in the index, some information is
not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other
information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Certain other
material, such as copyrighted material,
will be publicly available only in
hardcopy. Publicly available docket
materials are available either
electronically in https://
www.regulations.gov or in hardcopy at
the Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago,
Illinois 60604. This facility is open from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding Federal holidays. It is
recommended that you telephone
Steven Rosenthal, Environmental
Engineer, at (312) 886–6052, before
visiting the Region 5 office.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Steven Rosenthal, Environmental
Engineer, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air
Programs Branch (AR–18),
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
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Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 886–6052,
rosenthal.steven@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Throughout this document whenever
‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ or ‘‘our’’ is used, we mean
the EPA. This supplementary
information section is arranged as
follow:
I. What Action Is EPA Proposing to Take?
II. What Is the Background for This Action?
III. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation
to Attainment?
IV. What Are EPA’s Analyses of the State’s
Redesignation Request and What Are the
Bases for EPA’s Proposed Action?
V. Has Indiana Adopted Acceptable Motor
Vehicle Emissions Budgets for the End of
the 14-Year Maintenance Plan Which
Can Be Used To Support Conformity
Determinations?
VI. What Is the Effect of EPA’s Proposed
Action?
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. What Action Is EPA Proposing to
Take?
We are proposing to take several
related actions for the Indiana portion of
the Louisville 8-hour nonattainment
area (Clark and Floyd Counties). First,
we are proposing to determine that
Clark and Floyd Counties have attained
the 8-hour ozone NAAQS based on air
quality for the period of 2003 through
2005. Second, we are proposing to
approve Indiana’s ozone maintenance
plan for Clark and Floyd Counties as a
revision of the Indiana SIP. The
maintenance plan is designed to keep
Clark and Floyd Counties in attainment
of the 8-hour ozone standard through
2020 by ensuring that the VOC and NOX
emissions in both Clark and Floyd
Counties and the entire Louisville area
will be lower in 2020 than in 2003, an
attainment year. As supported by and
consistent with the ozone maintenance
plan, we are also proposing to approve
the 2003 and the 2020 VOC and NOX
MVEBs for the Louisville area for
transportation conformity purposes. We
are also proposing to approve the
request from the State of Indiana to
change the designation of Clark and
Floyd Counties from nonattainment to
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
We have determined that Indiana and
Clark and Floyd Counties have met the
requirements for redesignation to
attainment under section 107(d)(3)(E) of
the Clean Air Act (CAA).
II. What Is the Background for This
Action?
A. General Background Information
EPA has determined that ground-level
ozone is detrimental to human health.
On July 18, 1997, EPA promulgated an
8-hour ozone NAAQS of 0.08 parts per
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million parts of air (0.08 ppm) (80 parts
per billion (ppb)) (62 FR 38856).1 This
8-hour ozone standard replaced a prior
1-hour ozone NAAQS, which had been
promulgated on February 8, 1979 (44 FR
8202), and which was revoked on June
15, 2005 (69 FR 23858).
Ground-level ozone is not emitted
directly by sources. Rather, emitted NOX
and VOC react in the presence of
sunlight to form ground-level ozone
along with other secondary compounds.
NOX and VOC are referred to as ‘‘ozone
precursors.’’ Control of ground-level
ozone concentrations is achieved
through controlling VOC and NOX
emissions.
The CAA required EPA to designate
as nonattainment any area that violated
the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The Federal
Register notice promulgating these
designations and classifications was
published on April 30, 2004 (69 FR
23857).
The CAA contains two sets of
provisions—subpart 1 and subpart 2—
that address planning and emission
control requirements for nonattainment
areas. Both are found in title I, part D
of the CAA. Subpart 1 contains general,
less prescriptive requirements for all
nonattainment areas for any pollutant
governed by a NAAQS. Subpart 2
contains more specific requirements for
certain ozone nonattainment areas, and
applies to ozone nonattainment areas
classified under section 181 of the CAA.
In the April 30, 2004, designation
rulemaking, EPA divided 8-hour ozone
nonattainment areas into the categories
of subpart 1 nonattainment (‘‘basic’’
nonattainment) and subpart 2
nonattainment (‘‘classified’’
nonattainment). EPA based this division
on the area’s 8-hour ozone design values
(i.e., on the three-year averages of the
annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8hour ozone concentrations at the worstcase monitoring sites in the areas) and
on their 1-hour ozone design values
(i.e., on the fourth-highest daily
maximum 1-hour ozone concentrations
over the three-year period at the worstcase monitoring sites in the areas).2 EPA
classified 8-hour ozone nonattainment
areas with 1-hour ozone design values
equaling or exceeding 121 ppb as
1 This standard is violated in an area when any
ozone monitor in the area (or in its impacted
downwind environs) records 8-hour ozone
concentrations with an average of the annual
fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone
concentrations over a three-year period equaling or
exceeding 85 ppb. 40 CFR 50.10.
2 The 8-hour ozone design value and the 1-hour
ozone design value for each area were not
necessarily recorded at the same monitoring site.
The worst-case monitoring site for each ozone
concentration averaging time was considered for
each area.
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subpart 2, classified nonattainment
areas. EPA classified all other 8-hour
nonattainment areas as subpart 1, basic
nonattainment areas. The basis for area
classification was explained in a
separate April 30, 2004 final rule (the
Phase 1 implementation rule) (69 FR
23951).
Emission control requirements for
classified nonattainment areas are
linked to area classifications. Areas with
more serious ozone pollution problems
are subject to more prescribed
requirements and later attainment dates.
The prescribed emission control
requirements are designed to bring areas
into attainment by their specified
attainment dates.
In the April 30, 2004 ozone
designation/classification rulemaking,
EPA designated the Louisville
nonattainment area, including Clark and
Floyd Counties as a subpart 1 basic
nonattainment area for the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS. EPA based the designation on
ozone data collected during the 2001–
2003 period.
On November 15, 2006, the State of
Indiana requested redesignation of Clark
and Floyd Counties to attainment of the
8-hour ozone NAAQS based on ozone
data collected in these counties from
2003–2005.
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B. What Is the Impact of the December
22, 2006 United States Court of Appeals
Decision Regarding EPA’s Phase 1
Implementation Rule?
1. Summary of Court Decision
On December 22, 2006, the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit vacated EPA’s Phase 1
Implementation Rule for the 8-hour
Ozone Standard. (69 FR 23951, April 30,
2004). South Coast Air Quality
Management Dist. v. EPA, 472 F.3d 882
(D.C. Cir. 2006). The Court held that
certain provisions of EPA’s Phase 1 Rule
were inconsistent with the requirements
of the Clean Air Act. The Court rejected
EPA’s reasons for implementing the
8-hour standard in nonattainment areas
under Subpart 1 in lieu of subpart 2 of
Title I, part D of the Act. The Court also
held that EPA improperly failed to
retain four measures required for 1-hour
nonattainment areas under the antibacksliding provisions of the
regulations: (1) Nonattainment area New
Source Review (NSR) requirements
based on an area’s 1-hour nonattainment
classification; (2) Section 185 penalty
fees for 1-hour severe or extreme
nonattainment areas; (3) measures to be
implemented pursuant to section
172(c)(9) or 182(c)(9)of the Act, on the
contingency of an area not making
reasonable further progress toward
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attainment of the 1-hour NAAQS, or for
failure to attain that NAAQS; and (4)
certain conformity requirements for
certain types of Federal actions. The
Court upheld EPA’s authority to revoke
the 1-hour standard provided there were
adequate anti-backsliding provisions.
This section sets forth EPA’s views on
the potential effect of the Court’s ruling
on this redesignation action. For the
reasons set forth below, EPA does not
believe that the Court’s ruling alters any
requirements relevant to this
redesignation action so as to preclude
redesignation, and does not prevent
EPA from finalizing this redesignation.
EPA believes that the Court’s decision,
as it currently stands or as it may be
modified based upon any petition for
rehearing that has been filed, imposes
no impediment to moving forward with
redesignation of this area to attainment,
because in either circumstance
redesignation is appropriate under the
relevant redesignation provisions of the
Act and longstanding policies regarding
redesignation requests.
2. Requirements Under the 8-Hour
Standard
With respect to the 8-hour standard,
the Court’s ruling rejected EPA’s reasons
for classifying areas under Subpart 1 for
the 8-hour standard, and remanded that
matter to the Agency. Consequently, it
is possible that this area could, during
a remand to EPA, be reclassified under
Subpart 2. Although any future decision
by EPA to classify this area under
Subpart 2 might trigger additional future
requirements for the area, EPA believes
that this does not mean that
redesignation cannot now go forward.
This belief is based upon (1) EPA’s
longstanding policy of evaluating State
submissions in accordance with the
requirements due at the time the request
is submitted; and, (2) consideration of
the inequity of applying retroactively
any future requirements.
First, at the time the redesignation
request was submitted, Clark and Floyd
Counties (and the entire Louisville area)
were classified under Subpart 1 and
were obligated to meet Subpart 1
requirements. Under EPA’s
longstanding interpretation of section
107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act, to
qualify for redesignation, states
requesting redesignation to attainment
must meet only the relevant SIP
requirements that came due prior to the
submittal of a complete redesignation
request. September 4, 1992, Calcagni
memorandum (‘‘Procedures for
Processing Requests to Redesignate
Areas to Attainment,’’ Memorandum
from John Calcagni, Director, Air
Quality Management Division) See also
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26059
Michael Shapiro Memorandum,
September 17, 1993, and 60 FR 12459,
12465–66 (March 7, 1995)
(Redesignation of Detroit-Ann Arbor).
See Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F.3d 537
(7th Cir. 2004), which upheld this
interpretation. See, e.g. also 68 FR
25418, 25424, 25427 (May 12, 2003)
(redesignation of St. Louis).
Moreover, it would be inequitable to
retroactively apply any new SIP
requirements that were not applicable at
the time the request was submitted. The
DC Circuit has recognized the inequity
in such retroactive rulemaking, See
Sierra Club v. Whitman, 285 F.3d 63
(DC Cir. 2002), in which the DC Circuit
upheld a District Court’s ruling refusing
to make retroactive an EPA
determination of nonattainment that
was past the statutory due date. Such a
determination would have resulted in
the imposition of additional
requirements on the area. The Court
stated: ‘‘Although EPA failed to make
the nonattainment determination within
the statutory time frame, Sierra Club’s
proposed solution only makes the
situation worse. Retroactive relief would
likely impose large costs on the States,
which would face fines and suits for not
implementing air pollution prevention
plans in 1997, even though they were
not on notice at the time.’’ Id. at 68.
Similarly here it would be unfair to
penalize the area by applying to it for
purposes of redesignation additional SIP
requirements under Subpart 2 that were
not in effect at the time it submitted its
redesignation request.
3. Requirements Under the 1-Hour
Standard
With respect to the requirements
under the 1-hour standard, Clark and
Floyd Counties were attainment areas
subject to a Clean Air Act section 175A
maintenance plan under the 1-hour
standard. The Court’s ruling does not
impact redesignation requests for these
types of areas.
First, there are no conformity
requirements that are relevant for
redesignation requests for any standard,
including the requirement to submit a
transportation conformity SIP 3. Under
longstanding EPA policy, EPA believes
that it is reasonable to interpret the
conformity SIP requirement as not
applying for purposes of evaluating a
redesignation request under section
3 Clean Air Act section 176(c)(4)(E) currently
requires States to submit revisions to their SIPs to
reflect certain Federal criteria and procedures for
determining transportation conformity.
Transportation conformity SIPs are different from
the motor vehicle emissions budgets that are
established in control strategy SIPs and
maintenance plans.
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 8, 2007 / Proposed Rules
107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA allows for
redesignation provided that: (1) The
Administrator determines that the area
has attained the applicable NAAQS; (2)
the Administrator has fully approved an
applicable state implementation plan for
the area under section 110(k) of the
CAA; (3) the Administrator determines
that the improvement in air quality is
due to permanent and enforceable
emission reductions resulting from
implementation of the applicable SIP,
Federal air pollution control
regulations, and other permanent and
enforceable emission reductions; (4) the
Administrator has fully approved a
maintenance plan for the area meeting
the requirements of section 175A of the
CAA; and (5) the state containing the
area has met all requirements applicable
to the area under section 110 and part
D of the CAA.
EPA provided guidance on
redesignations in the General Preamble
for the Implementation of Title I of the
CAA Amendments of 1990 on April 16,
1992 (57 FR 13498), and supplemented
this guidance on April 28, 1992 (57 FR
18070). The two main policy guidelines
affecting the review of ozone
redesignation requests are the following:
‘‘Procedures for Processing Requests to
Redesignate Areas to Attainment,’’
Memorandum from John Calcagni,
Director, Air Quality Management
Division, September 4, 1992 (September
4, 1992 Calcagni memorandum); and,
‘‘Reasonable Further Progress,
Attainment Demonstration, and Related
Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment
Areas Meeting the Ozone National
Ambient Air Quality Standard,’’
Memorandum from John S. Seitz,
Director, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, May 10, 1995. For
additional policy guidelines used in the
review of ozone redesignation requests,
see our proposed rule for the
redesignation of the Evansville, Indiana
ozone nonattainment area at 70 FR
53606 (September 9, 2005).
107(d) because state conformity rules
are still required after redesignation and
Federal conformity rules apply where
state rules have not been approved. 40
CFR 51.390. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d
426 (6th Cir. 2001), upholding this
interpretation. See also 60 FR 62748
(Dec. 7, 1995) (Tampa, FL
redesignation). Federal transportation
conformity regulations apply in all
States prior to approval of
transportation conformity SIPs. The
1-hour ozone areas in Indiana were
redesignated to attainment without
approved State transportation
conformity regulations because the
Federal regulations were in effect in
Indiana. When challenged, these 1-hour
ozone redesignations, which were
approved without State regulations,
were upheld by the courts. See Wall v.
EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001). See
also 60 FR 62748 (December 7, 1995)
(Tampa, Florida). Although Indiana
does not have approved State
transportation conformity regulations, it
has developed memoranda of
understanding, signed by all parties
involved in conformity, to address
conformity consultation procedures.
The Federal transportation conformity
regulations, which apply in Indiana,
require the approved
1-hour ozone budgets to be used for
transportation conformity purposes
prior to 8-hour ozone budgets being
approved.
Second, with respect to the three
other anti-backsliding provisions for the
1-hour standard that the Court found
were not properly retained, Clark and
Floyd Counties are attainment areas
subject to a maintenance plan for the
1-hour standard, and the NSR,
contingency measure (pursuant to
section 172(c)(9) or 182(c)(9)) and fee
provision requirements no longer apply
to an area that has been redesignated to
attainment of the 1-hour standard.
Thus, the decision in South Coast
should not alter requirements that
would preclude EPA from finalizing the
redesignation of this area.
IV. What Are EPA’s Analyses of the
State’s Redesignation Request and
What Are the Bases for EPA’s Proposed
Action?
III. What Are the Criteria for
Redesignation to Attainment?
The CAA provides the requirements
for redesignating a nonattainment area
to attainment. Specifically, section
EPA is proposing to: (1) Determine
that Clark and Floyd Counties have
attained the 8-hour ozone standard; (2)
approve the ozone maintenance plan for
Clark and Floyd Counties and the VOC
and NOX MVEBs supported by this
maintenance plan; and (3) approve the
redesignation of Clark and Floyd to
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
The bases for our proposed
determination and approvals follow.
A. Louisville Has Attained the 8-Hour
Ozone NAAQS
For ozone, an area may be considered
to be attaining the 8-hour ozone NAAQS
if there are no violations of the NAAQS,
as determined in accordance with 40
CFR 50.10 and appendix I, based on the
most recent three complete, consecutive
calendar years of quality-assured air
quality monitoring data at all ozone
monitoring sites in the area and in its
nearby downwind environs. To attain
this standard, the average of the annual
fourth-high daily maximum 8-hour
average ozone concentrations measured
and recorded at each monitor (the
monitoring site’s ozone design value)
within the area and in its nearby
downwind environs over the three-year
period must not exceed the ozone
standard. Based on an ozone data
rounding convention described in 40
CFR part 50, appendix I, the 8-hour
standard is attained if the area’s ozone
design value 4 is 0.084 ppm (84 ppb) or
lower. The data must be collected and
quality-assured in accordance with 40
CFR part 58, and must be recorded in
EPA’s Air Quality System (AQS). The
ozone monitors generally should have
remained at the same locations for the
duration of the monitoring period
required to demonstrate attainment (for
three years or more). The data
supporting attainment of the standard
must be complete in accordance with 40
CFR part 50, appendix I.
Indiana submitted ozone monitoring
data for the April through September
ozone seasons from 2003 to 2005 for the
Indiana and Kentucky portions of the
Louisville nonattainment area. This data
has been quality assured by Indiana and
Kentucky and is recorded in AQS. The
4th high averages are summarized in
Table 1, in which the values are in ppm
ozone.
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TABLE 1.—4TH HIGH VALUES IN PPM OZONE.
2003–
2005
Monitor
County
Charlestown, IN ......................................
Clark .......................................................
0.081
2003
2004
0.090
4 The worst-case monitoring site-specific ozone
design value in the area or in its affected downwind
environs.
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0.074
2005
0.080
2006
0.079
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TABLE 1.—4TH HIGH VALUES IN PPM OZONE.—Continued
2003–
2005
Monitor
County
New Albany, IN .......................................
WLKY, KY ...............................................
Watson, KY .............................................
Bates, KY ................................................
Shepherdsville, KY .................................
Buckner, KY ............................................
Floyd .......................................................
Jefferson .................................................
Jefferson .................................................
Jefferson .................................................
Bulitt ........................................................
Oldham ...................................................
These data show that the average
fourth-high daily maximum 8-hour
ozone concentrations for the monitoring
sites in the Louisville area are all below
the 85 ppb ozone standard violation cutoff. The data support the conclusion
that the Louisville 8-hour ozone
nonattainment area (including Clark and
Floyd Counties) did not experience a
monitored violation of the 8-hour ozone
standard from 2003–2005. In addition,
the surrounding counties in Indiana and
Kentucky did not monitor
nonattainment during the 2003–2005
period. As also noted in Table 1, the
8-hour ozone NAAQS continued to be
attained in the Louisville area through
2006.
Indiana has committed to continue
ozone monitoring at the sites in Clark
and Floyd Counties. IDEM also commits
to consult with the EPA prior to making
any changes in the existing monitoring
network. In summary, EPA believes that
the data submitted by Indiana provide
an adequate demonstration that the
Louisville area attains the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS.
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B. Clark and Floyd Counties Have Met
All Applicable Requirements Under
Section 110 and Part D of the CAA and
the Area Has a Fully Approved SIP
Under Section 110(k) of the CAA
EPA has determined that Indiana has
met all currently applicable SIP
requirements for Clark and Floyd
Counties under section 110 of the CAA
(general SIP requirements). EPA has
determined that the Indiana SIP meets
currently applicable SIP requirements
under part D of title I of the CAA
(requirements specific to subpart 1 and
subpart 2 ozone nonattainment areas).
See section 107(d)(3)(E)(v) of the CAA.
In addition, EPA has determined that
the Indiana SIP is fully approved with
respect to all applicable requirements.
See section 107(d)(3)(E)(ii) of the CAA.
In making these determinations, EPA
ascertained what requirements are
applicable to the area, and determined
that the applicable portions of the SIP
meeting these requirements are fully
approved under section 110(k) of the
CAA. We note that SIPs must be fully
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0.079
0.071
0.076
0.073
0.073
0.082
approved only with respect to currently
applicable requirements of the CAA,
those CAA requirements applicable to
Clark and Floyd Counties at the time the
State submitted the final, complete
ozone redesignation request for this
area.
1. Clark and Floyd Counties Have Met
All Applicable Requirements Under
Section 110 and Part D of the CAA
The September 4, 1992 Calcagni
memorandum describes EPA’s
interpretation of section 107(D)(3)(E) of
the CAA. Under this interpretation, to
qualify for redesignation of an area to
attainment, the State and the area must
meet the relevant CAA requirements
that come due prior to the State’s
submittal of a complete redesignation
request for the area. See also a
September 17, 1993, memorandum from
Michael Shapiro, Acting Assistant
Administrator for Air and Radiation,
‘‘State Implementation Plan (SIP)
Requirements for Areas Submitting
Requests for Redesignation to
Attainment of the Ozone and Carbon
Monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) On or After
November 15, 1992’’ and 66 FR 12459,
12465–12466 (March 7, 1995)
(redesignation of Detroit-Ann Arbor,
Michigan to attainment of the 1-hour
ozone NAAQS). Applicable
requirements of the CAA that come due
subsequent to the State’s submittal of a
complete redesignation request remain
applicable until a redesignation to
attainment of the standard is approved,
but are not required as a prerequisite to
redesignation. See section 175A(c) of
the CAA. Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F.3d
537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 68 FR
25424, 25427 (May 12, 2003)
(redesignation of the St. Louis/East St.
Louis area to attainment of the 1-hour
ozone NAAQS).
General SIP requirements: Section
110(a) of title I of the CAA contains the
general requirements for a SIP, which
include: enforceable emission
limitations and other control measures,
means, or techniques; provisions for the
establishment and operation of
appropriate devices necessary to collect
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2003
2004
0.086
0.073
0.075
0.072
0.072
0.082
0.071
0.068
0.070
0.070
0.068
0.076
2005
0.079
0.074
0.085
0.079
0.080
0.089
2006
0.076
0.067
0.077
0.074
0.071
0.083
data on ambient air quality; and
programs to enforce the emission
limitations. SIP elements and
requirements are specified in section
110(a)(2) of title I, part A of the CAA.
These requirements and SIP elements
include, but are not limited to, the
following: (a) Submittal of a SIP that has
been adopted by the State after
reasonable public notice and a hearing;
(b) provisions for establishment and
operation of appropriate procedures
needed to monitor ambient air quality;
(c) implementation of a source permit
program; (d) provisions for the
implementation of new source part C
requirements (Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD)) and new source
part D requirements (New Source
Review (NSR)); (e) criteria for stationary
source emission control measures,
monitoring, and reporting; (f) provisions
for air quality modeling; and (g)
provisions for public and local agency
participation.
SIP requirements and elements are
discussed in the following EPA
documents: ‘‘Procedures for Processing
Requests to Redesignate Areas to
Attainment,’’ Memorandum from John
Calcagni, Director, Air Quality
Management Division, September 4,
1992; ‘‘State Implementation Plan (SIP)
Actions Submitted in Response to Clean
Air Act (CAA) Deadlines,’’
Memorandum from John Calcagni,
Director, Air Quality Management
Division, October 28, 1992; and ‘‘State
Implementation Plan (SIP)
Requirements for Areas Submitting
Requests for Redesignation to
Attainment of the Ozone and Carbon
Monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) on or After
November 15, 1992,’’ Memorandum
from Michael H. Shapiro, Acting
Assistant Administrator, September 17,
1993.
Section 110(a)(2)(D) of the CAA
requires SIPs to contain certain
measures to prevent sources in one State
from significantly contributing to air
quality problems in another State. To
implement this provision, EPA required
States to establish programs to address
transport of air pollutants (NOX SIP call,
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Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)). EPA
has also found, generally, that states
have not submitted SIPs under section
110(a)(1) of the CAA to meet the
interstate transport requirements of
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) of the CAA (70 FR
21147, April 25, 2005). However, the
section 110(a)(2)(D) requirements for a
State are not linked with a particular
nonattainment area’s classification. EPA
believes that the requirements linked
with a particular nonattainment area’s
classification are the relevant measures
to evaluate in reviewing a redesignation
request. The transport SIP submittal
requirements, where applicable,
continue to apply to a State regardless
of the designation of any one particular
area in the State.
These requirements should not be
construed to be applicable requirements
for purposes of redesignation. In
addition, the other section 110 elements
described above that are not connected
with nonattainment plan submissions
and that are not linked with an area’s
attainment status are also not applicable
requirements for purposes of
redesignation. A State remains subject
to these requirements after an area is
redesignated to attainment. We
conclude that only the section 110 and
part D requirements which are linked
with an area’s designation and
classification are the relevant measures
in evaluating this aspect of a
redesignation request. This approach is
consistent with EPA’s existing policy on
applicability of conformity and
oxygenated fuels requirements for
redesignation purposes, as well as with
section 184 ozone transport
requirements. See: Reading,
Pennsylvania proposed and final
rulemakings (61 FR 53174–53176,
October 10, 1996 and 62 FR 24826, May
7, 1997); Cleveland-Akron-Loraine,
Ohio final rulemaking (61 FR 20458,
May 7, 1996); and Tampa, Florida final
rulemaking (60 FR 62748, December 7,
1995). See also the discussion on this
issue in the Cincinnati, Ohio ozone
redesignation (65 FR 37890, June 19,
2000), and the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
ozone redesignation (66 FR 50399,
October 19, 2001). In addition, Indiana’s
response to the CAIR rule was due in
September 2006. Because this deadline
had not yet passed when the State
submitted the final, complete
redesignation request, the State’s CAIR
submittal is also not an applicable
requirement for redesignation purposes.
It should be noted that section 110
elements not linked to the area’s
nonattainment status are not applicable
for purposes of redesignation.
Nonetheless, we also note that EPA has
previously approved provisions in the
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Indiana SIP addressing section 110
elements under the 1-hour ozone
standard. We have analyzed the Indiana
SIP as codified in 40 CFR part 52,
subpart P, and have determined that it
is consistent with the requirements of
section 110(a)(2) of the CAA. The SIP,
which has been adopted after reasonable
public notice and hearing, contains
enforceable emission limitations;
requires monitoring, compiling, and
analyzing ambient air quality data;
requires preconstruction review of new
major stationary sources and major
modifications of existing sources;
provides for adequate funding, staff, and
associated resources necessary to
implement its requirements; and
requires stationary source emissions
monitoring and reporting, and otherwise
satisfies the applicable requirements of
section 110(a)(2).
Part D SIP requirements: EPA has
determined that the Indiana SIP meets
applicable SIP requirements under part
D of the CAA. Under part D, an area’s
classification (marginal, moderate,
serious, severe, and extreme) indicates
the requirements to which it will be
subject. Subpart 1 of part D, found in
sections 172–176 of the CAA, sets forth
the basic nonattainment area plan
requirements applicable to all
nonattainment areas. Subpart 2 of part
D, found in section 182 of the CAA,
establishes additional specific
requirements depending on the area’s
nonattainment classification.
Part D, subpart 1 requirements: For
purposes of evaluating this
redesignation request, the applicable
subpart 1 part D requirements for all
nonattainment areas are contained in
sections 172(c)(1)–(9) and 176. A
thorough discussion of the requirements
of section 172 can be found in the
General Preamble for Implementation of
Title I (57 FR 13498). (see also 68 FR
4852–4853 regarding a St. Louis ozone
redesignation notice of proposed
rulemaking for a discussion of section
172 requirements.)
No requirements under part D of the
CAA came due for Clark and Floyd
Counties prior to the State’s November
15, 2006, submittal of a complete
redesignation request. For example, the
requirement for an ozone attainment
demonstration, as contained in section
172(c)(1), was not yet applicable, nor
were the requirements for Reasonably
Available Control Measures (RACM)
and Reasonably Available Control
Technology (RACT) (section 172(c)(1)),
Reasonable Further Progress (RFP)
(section 172(c)(2)), and attainment plan
and RFP contingency measures (section
172(c)(9)). All of these required SIP
elements are required for submittal after
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November 15, 2006. Therefore, none of
the part D requirements are applicable
to Clark and Floyd Counties for
purposes of redesignation.
Section 176 conformity requirements:
Section 176(c) of the CAA requires
states to establish criteria and
procedures to ensure that Federallysupported or funded activities,
including highway projects, conform to
the air planning goals in the applicable
SIP. The requirement to determine
conformity applies to transportation
plans, programs, and projects
developed, funded, or approved under
Title 23 U.S.C. and the Federal Transit
Act (transportation conformity) as well
as to all other Federally-supported or
funded projects (general conformity).
State conformity SIP revisions must be
consistent with Federal conformity
regulations that the CAA required the
EPA to promulgate.
In addition to the fact that part D
requirements did not become due prior
to Indiana’s submission of the complete
ozone redesignation request for Clark
and Floyd Counties, and, therefore, are
not applicable for redesignation
purposes, EPA has similarly concluded
that the conformity requirements do not
apply for purposes of evaluating the
ozone redesignation request under
section 107(d) of the CAA. In addition,
it is reasonable to interpret the
conformity requirements as not
applying for purposes of evaluating the
ozone redesignation request under
section 107(d) of the CAA because state
conformity rules are still required after
redesignation of an area to attainment of
a NAAQS and Federal conformity rules
apply where state rules have not been
approved. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d
426 (6th Cir. 2001). See also 60 FR
62748 (December 7, 1995) (Tampa,
Florida).
We conclude that the State and Clark
and Floyd Counties have satisfied all
applicable requirements under section
110 and part D of the CAA to the extent
that the requirements apply for the
purposes of reviewing the State’s ozone
redesignation request.
2. Clark and Floyd Counties Have a
Fully Approved Applicable SIP Under
Section 110(k) of the CAA
EPA has fully approved the Indiana
SIP for Clark and Floyd Counties under
section 110(k) of the CAA for all
applicable requirements. EPA may rely
on prior SIP approvals in approving a
redesignation request (see the
September 4, 1992 John Calcagni
memorandum, page 3, Southwestern
Pennsylvania Growth Alliance v.
Browner, 144 F.3d 984, 989–990 (6th
Cir. 1998), Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426
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(6th Cir. 2001)), plus any additional
measures it may approve in conjunction
with a redesignation action. See 68 FR
25426 (May 12, 2003). Since the passage
of the CAA of 1970, Indiana has adopted
and submitted, and EPA has fully
approved, provisions addressing the
various required SIP elements
applicable to Clark and Floyd Counties
for purposes of redesignation. No Clark
and Floyd County SIP provisions are
currently disapproved, conditionally
approved, or partially approved. As
indicated above, EPA believes that the
section 110 elements not connected
with nonattainment plan submissions
and not linked to the area’s
nonattainment status are not applicable
requirements for purposes of review of
the State’s redesignation request. EPA
has concluded that the section 110 SIP
submission approved under the 1-hour
standard will be adequate for purposes
of attaining and maintaining the 8-hour
standard. EPA also believes that since
the part D requirements did not become
due prior to Indiana’s submission of a
final, complete redesignation request,
they also are not applicable
requirements for purposes of
redesignation.
C. The Air Quality Improvement in
Clark and Floyd Counties Is Due to
Permanent and Enforceable Reductions
in Emissions From Implementation of
the SIP and Applicable Federal Air
Pollution Control Regulations and Other
Permanent and Enforceable Emission
Reductions
EPA believes that the State of Indiana
has demonstrated that implementation
of the SIP, Federal measures, and other
State-adopted measures have
contributed to the observed air quality
improvement in Clark and Floyd
Counties.
In making this demonstration, the
State has documented the changes in
VOC and NOX emissions from
anthropogenic (man-made or manbased) sources in Clark and Floyd, as
well as the entire Louisville
nonattainment area, between 1996 and
2004 and the statewide NOX emissions
from Electric Generating Units (EGUs)
from 1999 to 2005. The Louisville area
was monitored in violation of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS during the period of
2001–2003 and in attainment with the
NAAQS during the period of 2003–
2005. The total VOC and NOX emissions
for both Clark and Floyd Counties and
the entire Louisville nonattainment area
(Louisville NA in the table) for 2002, an
attainment year, and 2003, a
nonattainment year, are given in Table
2.
TABLE 2.—VOC AND NOX EMISSIONS IN CLARK & FLOYD COUNTIES AND LOUISVILLE, ALL SOURCES—EMISSIONS IN
TONS/SUMMER DAY
Pollutant
2002
VOC—Clark & Floyd ........................................................................................................................................................
NOX—Clark & Floyd ........................................................................................................................................................
VOC—Louisville NA .........................................................................................................................................................
NOX—Louisville NA .........................................................................................................................................................
2003
32.69
57.59
138.24
247.46
29.26
51.76
133.83
238.76
The statewide NOX emissions for
EGUs from 1999–2005 are given in
Table 3 below.
TABLE 3.—NOX EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRIC GENERATING UNITS IN INDIANA STATEWIDE—EMISSIONS IN THOUSANDS OF
TONS PER OZONE SEASON
[April–October]
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Statewide .........................................................................................................
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Area
149.8
133.9
136.1
114.0
99.3
66.6
55.5
The NOX and VOC emissions for
Clark and Floyd Counties and the entire
Louisville nonattainment area have
decreased from 2002, an
8-hour standard violation year, to 2003,
an 8-hour standard attainment year. In
addition, the Indiana Statewide EGU
NOX emissions have continued to
decline from 1999 to 2005. This is a
result of the implementation of the
Indiana NOX SIP (in response to EPA’s
NOX SIP call) and acid rain control
regulations, both of which led to
permanent, enforceable emission
reductions.
VOC and NOX emissions have
declined as a result of enforceable
emission reductions. As required by
Section 172 of the CAA, Indiana in the
mid-1990s promulgated rules requiring
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RACT for emissions of VOCs. Statewide
RACT rules have applied to all new
sources locating in Indiana since that
time and include the following VOC
rules: 326 Indiana Administrative Code
(IAC) 8–1–6 (Best Available Control
Technology (BACT) for non-specific
sources); 326 IAC 8–2 (surface coating
emission limitations); 326 IAC 8–3
(organic solvent degreasing operations);
326 IAC 8–4 (petroleum sources); and
326 IAC 8–5 (miscellaneous sources).
The VOC emission reductions resulting
from the implementation of these VOC
emission control rules are permanent
and enforceable.
Besides the statewide VOC RACT
rules and NOX emission control
requirements, other Federal emission
reduction requirements have resulted in
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decreased ozone precursor emissions in
Clark and Floyd Counties (a similar set
of control measures have been
implemented for the Kentucky portion
of the Louisville area) and will produce
future emission reductions that will
support maintenance of the ozone
standard in these Counties. These
emission reduction requirements
include the following:
Tier 2 Emission Standards for
Vehicles and Gasoline Sulfur Standards.
These emission control requirements
result in lower emissions from new cars
and light duty trucks, including sport
utility vehicles. The Federal rules are
being phased in between 2004 and 2009.
The EPA has estimated that, by the end
of the phase-in period, the following
vehicle NOX emission reductions will
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occur: Passenger cars (light duty
vehicles) (77 percent); light duty trucks,
minivans, and sports utility vehicles (86
percent; and larger sports utility
vehicles, vans, and heavier trucks (69 to
95 percent). VOC emission reductions
are also expected to range from 12 to 18
percent, depending on vehicle class,
over the same period. Although some of
these emission reductions have already
occurred by the 2004 attainment year,
most of these emission reductions will
occur during the maintenance period for
Clark and Floyd Counties.
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines. In July
2000, EPA issued a final rule to control
the emissions from highway heavy duty
diesel engines, including low-sulfur
diesel fuel standards. These emission
reductions are being phased in between
2004 and 2007. This rule is expected to
result in a 40 percent decrease in NOX
emissions from heavy duty diesel
vehicle.
Non-Road Diesel Rule. Issued in May,
2004, this rule generally applies to new
stationary diesel engines used in certain
industries, including construction,
agriculture, and mining. In addition to
affecting engine design, this rule
includes requirements for cleaner fuels.
It is expected to reduce NOX emissions
from these engines by up to 90 percent,
and to significantly reduce particulate
matter and sulfur emissions from these
engines in addition to the NOX emission
reduction. This rule did not affect 2004
emissions from these sources, but will
limit emissions from new engines
beginning in 2008.
Indiana commits to maintain all
existing emission control measures that
affect Clark and Floyd Counties after
this area is redesignated to attainment of
the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. All changes
in existing rules affecting Clark and
Floyd Counties and new rules
subsequently needed to provide for the
maintenance of the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS in Clark and Floyd Counties
will be submitted to the EPA for
approval as SIP revisions.
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D. Clark and Floyd Counties Have a
Fully Approvable Ozone Maintenance
Plan Pursuant to Section 175A of the
CAA
In conjunction with its request to
redesignate Clark and Floyd Counties to
attainment of the ozone NAAQS,
Indiana submitted a SIP revision request
to provide for maintenance of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS in Clark and Floyd
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Counties for at least 10 years after the
redesignation of this area to attainment
of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
1. What Is Required in an Ozone
Maintenance Plan?
Section 175A of the CAA sets forth
the required elements of air quality
maintenance plans for areas seeking
redesignation from nonattainment to
attainment of a NAAQS. Under section
175A, a maintenance plan must
demonstrate continued attainment of
the applicable NAAQS for at least 10
years after the Administrator approves
the redesignation to attainment. Eight
years after the redesignation, the State
must submit a revised maintenance plan
which demonstrates maintenance of the
standard for 10 years following the
initial 10 year maintenance period. To
address the possibility of future NAAQS
violations, the maintenance plan must
contain such contingency measures,
with a schedule for implementation, as
EPA deems necessary, to assure prompt
correction of any future NAAQS
violations. The September 4, 1992, John
Calcagni memorandum provides
additional guidance on the content of
maintenance plans. An ozone
maintenance plan should, at minimum,
address the following items: (1) The
attainment of VOC and NOX emissions
inventories; (2) a maintenance
demonstration showing maintenance for
the 10 years of the maintenance period;
(3) a commitment to maintain the
existing monitoring network; (4) factors
and procedures to be used for
verification of continued attainment;
and (5) a contingency plan to prevent
and/or correct a future violation of the
NAAQS.
2. Demonstration of Maintenance
IDEM prepared comprehensive VOC
and NOX emission inventories for Clark
and Floyd Counties, including point
(significant stationary sources), area
(smaller and widely-distributed
stationary sources), mobile on-road, and
mobile non-road sources for 2003 (the
base year/attainment year).
As part of the November 15, 2006,
redesignation request submittal, IDEM
included a requested revision to the SIP
to incorporate a 14-year ozone
maintenance plan which is consistent
with the requirements under section
175A of the CAA. Included in the
maintenance plan is a maintenance
demonstration. This demonstration
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shows maintenance of the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS by documenting current and
projected VOC and NOX emissions for
both Clark and Floyd Counties and the
entire Louisville nonattainment area
and by documenting photochemical
modeling results that support
maintenance of the standard in this
area.5
Table 4 specifies the VOC emissions
in Clark and Floyd Counties and the
entire nonattainment area for 2003, 2011
and 2020. IDEM chose 2020 as a
projection year to meet the 10-year
minimum maintenance projection
requirement, allowing several years for
the State to complete its adoption of the
ozone redesignation request and ozone
maintenance plan and for the EPA to
approve the redesignation request and
maintenance plan. IDEM also chose
2011 as an interim year to demonstrate
that VOC and NOX emissions will
remain below the attainment levels
throughout the 14-year maintenance
period. The mobile source emission
projections for 2011 and 2020 exclude
VOC reductions associated with
Indiana’s Clark and Floyd vehicle
inspection and maintenance program
that was discontinued at the end of
2006. Indiana’s termination of its
inspection and maintenance program in
Clark and Floyd Counties will be the
subject of a subsequent Federal Register
notice.
Table 5, similar to Table 4, specifies
the NOX emissions in Clark and Floyd
Counties and the entire nonattainment
area for 2003, 2011 and 2020. Together,
the information contained in Tables 4
and 5 and the photochemical modeling
results demonstrate that Clark and
Floyd Counties, and the Louisville
nonattainment area, should remain in
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS
between 2003 and 2020, which is more
than 10 years after EPA is expected to
approve the redesignation of these
counties to attainment of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. The mobile source
emission projections for 2011 and 2020
exclude NOX reductions associated with
Indiana’s Clark and Floyd vehicle
inspection and maintenance program
that was discontinued at the end of
2006.
5 The attainment year can be any of the three
consecutive years in which the area has clean
(below violation level) air quality data (2003, 2004,
or 2005 for the Louisville area).
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TABLE 4.—ATTAINMENT YEAR (2003) AND PROJECTED VOC EMISSIONS IN CLARK AND FLOYD COUNTIES AND ENTIRE
NONATTAINMENT AREA
[Tons per summer day]
Year
Source sector
2003
Point:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
Area:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
On-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
Off-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
Total:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
2011
2020
4.17
36.62
6.61
39.28
7.14
39.85
11.94
35.07
12.77
36.93
14.59
40.02
9.60
40.97
6.12
25.69
3.98
16.89
3.55
21.17
2.35
15.87
2.20
15.28
29.26
133.83
27.85
117.77
27.91
112.04
TABLE 5.—ATTAINMENT YEAR AND PROJECTED NOX EMISSIONS IN CLARK AND FLOYD COUNTIES AND ENTIRE
NONATTAINMENT AREA
[Tons per summer day]
Year
Source sector
2003
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Point:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
Area:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
On-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
Off-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
Total:
Clark and Floyd ............................................................................................................................................
Louisville NA .................................................................................................................................................
IDEM also notes that the State’s EGU
NOX emission control rules stemming
from EPA’s NOX SIP call, implemented
beginning in 2004, and CAIR, which is
to be implemented beginning in 2009
will further lower NOX emissions in
upwind areas. This should result in
decreased ozone and ozone precursor
transport into Clark and Floyd Counties.
It will also support maintenance of the
ozone standard in Clark and Floyd
Counties.
Based upon the data in Table 4, VOC
emissions in Clark and Floyd Counties
are projected to decline by about 5%
between 2003 and 2020 and VOC
emissions in the entire nonattainment
area are projected to decline by 16%.
Based upon the data in Table 5, NOX
emissions in Clark and Floyd Counties
are projected to decline by over 26%
between 2003 and 2020, and NOX
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emissions in the entire nonattainment
area are projected to decline by 47%.
Based on the projected VOC and NOX
emission reductions between the
attainment year in 2003 and the
maintenance year of 2020, for both Clark
and Floyd Counties and the entire
Louisville nonattainment area, we
conclude that IDEM has successfully
demonstrated that the 8-hour ozone
standard should be maintained in Clark
and Floyd Counties, as well as the entire
Louisville nonattainment area through
2020. This is reinforced by
photochemical modeling done for Clark
and Floyd Counties. We believe that this
is especially likely given the expected
impacts of the NOX SIP call and CAIR.
This conclusion is further supported by
the fact that other states in the eastern
portion of the United States are
expected to further reduce regional NOX
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2011
2020
24.26
99.73
27.29
78.95
28.66
75.97
1.60
2.53
1.71
2.67
1.80
2.79
20.27
95.51
10.20
47.53
4.15
19.62
5.63
41.01
4.43
34.77
3.49
27.88
51.77
238.79
43.63
163.92
38.10
126.26
emissions through implementation of
their own NOX emission control rules
for EGUs and other NOX sources and
through implementation of CAIR,
reducing ozone and NOX transport into
Clark and Floyd Counties and the entire
Louisville nonattainment area.
3. Monitoring Network
IDEM commits to continue operating
and maintaining an approved ozone
monitoring network in Clark and Floyd
Counties in accordance with 40 CFR
part 58 through the 14-year maintenance
period. This will allow the confirmation
of the maintenance of the 8-hour ozone
standard in this area and the triggering
of contingency measures if needed.
4. Verification of Continued Attainment
Continued attainment of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS in Clark and Floyd
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Counties depends on the State’s efforts
toward tracking applicable indicators
during the maintenance period. The
State’s plan for verifying continued
attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard
in Clark and Floyd Counties consists, in
part, of a plan to continue ambient
ozone monitoring in accordance with
the requirements of 40 CFR part 58. In
addition, IDEM will periodically revise
and review the VOC and NOX emissions
inventories for these counties to assure
that emissions growth is not threatening
the continued attainment of the 8-hour
ozone standard in this area. Revised
emission inventories for this area will
be prepared for 2005, 2008, and 2011 as
necessary to comply with the emission
inventory reporting requirements
established in the CAA. The revised
emissions will be compared with the
2003 attainment emissions and the 2020
projected maintenance year emissions to
assure continued maintenance of the
ozone standard.
5. Contingency Plan
The contingency plan provisions of
the CAA are designed to result in
prompt correction or prevention of
violations of the NAAQS that might
occur after redesignation of an area to
attainment of the NAAQS. Section 175A
of the CAA requires that a maintenance
plan include such contingency
measures as EPA deems necessary to
assure that the State will promptly
correct a violation of the NAAQS that
might occur after redesignation. The
maintenance plan must identify the
contingency measures to be considered
for possible adoption, a schedule and
procedure for adoption and
implementation of the selected
contingency measures, and a time limit
for action by the State. The State should
also identify specific indicators to be
used to determine when the
contingency measures need to be
adopted and implemented. The
maintenance plan must include a
requirement that the State will
implement all measures with respect to
control of the pollutant(s) that were
controlled in the SIP before the
redesignation of the area to attainment.
See section 175A(d) of the CAA.
As required by section 175A of the
CAA, Indiana commits to review its
maintenance plan eight years after
redesignation and to adopt and
expeditiously implement any necessary
corrective actions (or contingency
measures). Contingency measures to be
considered will be selected from a
comprehensive list of measures deemed
appropriate and effective at the time the
selection is made. The contingency plan
has two levels of actions/responses
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depending on whether a violation of the
8-hour ozone standard is only
threatened (Warning Level Response) or
has actually occurred (Action Level
Response).
A Warning Level Response will be
prompted whenever an annual (1-year)
fourth-high monitored daily peak 8-hour
ozone concentration of 89 ppb (or
greater) occurs at any monitor in Clark
and Floyd Counties, or a 2-year
averaged annual fourth-high daily peak
8-hour ozone concentration of 85 ppb or
greater occurs at any monitor in Clark or
Floyd Counties. A Warning Level
Response will consist of a study to
determine whether the monitored ozone
level indicates a trend toward higher
ozone levels or whether emissions are
increasing, threatening a future
violation of the ozone NAAQS. The
study will evaluate whether the trend, if
any, is likely to continue, and, if so, the
emission control measures necessary to
reverse the trend, taking into
consideration the ease and timing of
implementation, as well as economic
and social considerations.
Implementation of necessary controls
will take place as expeditiously as
possible, but in no event later than 12
months from the conclusion of the most
recent ozone season. If new emission
controls are needed to reverse the
adverse ozone trend, the procedures for
emission control selection under the
Action Level Response will be followed.
An Action Level Response will be
triggered when a violation of the 8-hour
ozone standard is monitored at any of
the monitors in the maintenance area
(when a 3-year average annual fourthhigh monitored daily peak 8-hour ozone
concentration of 85 ppb or higher is
recorded at any such monitor). In this
situation, IDEM will determine the
additional emission control measures
needed to assure future attainment of
the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. IDEM will
focus on emission control measures that
can be implemented within 18 months
from the close of the ozone season in
which the ozone standard violation is
monitored.
Adoption of any additional emission
control measures prompted by either of
the two response levels will be subject
to the necessary administrative and
legal processes dictated by State law.
This process will include publication of
public notices, providing the
opportunity for a public hearing, and
other measures required by Indiana law
for rulemaking by State environmental
boards. If a new emission control
measure is already promulgated and
scheduled for implementation at the
Federal or State level, and that emission
control measure is determined to be
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sufficient to address the air quality
problem or adverse trend, additional
local emission control measures may be
determined to be unnecessary. IDEM
will submit to the EPA an analysis to
demonstrate that the proposed emission
control measures are adequate to return
the area to attainment.
Contingency measures contained in
the maintenance plan are those
emission controls or other measures that
the State may choose to adopt and
implement to correct existing or
possible air quality problems in Clark
and Floyd Counties. These include, but
are not limited to, the following:
i. Lower Reid vapor pressure gasoline
requirements;
ii. Broader geographic applicability of
existing emission control measures;
iii. Tightened RACT requirements on
existing sources covered by EPA Control
Technique Guidelines (CTGs) issued in
response to the 1990 CAA amendments;
iv. Application of RACT to smaller
existing sources;
v. Vehicle Inspection and
Maintenance;
vi. One or more Transportation
Control Measures sufficient to achieve
at least a 0.5 percent reduction in actual
area-wide VOC emissions, to be selected
from the following:
A. Trip reduction programs,
including, but not limited to, employerbased transportation management plans,
area-wide rideshare programs, work
schedule programs, and telecommuting;
B. Transit improvement;
C. Traffic flow improvements; and,
D. Other new or innovative
transportation measures not yet in
widespread use that affect State and
local governments as deemed
appropriate;
vii. Alternative fuel and diesel retrofit
programs for fleet vehicle operations;
viii. Controls on consumer products
consistent with those adopted elsewhere
in the United States;
ix. VOC or NOX emission offsets for
new or modified major sources;
x. VOC or NOX emission offsets for
new or modified minor sources;
xi. Increased ratio of emission offsets
required for new sources; and,
xii. VOC or NOX emission controls on
new minor sources (with VOC or NOX
emissions less than 100 tons per year).
6. Provisions for a Future Update of the
Ozone Maintenance Plan
As required by section 175A(b) of the
CAA, the State commits to submit to the
EPA an update of the ozone
maintenance plan eight years after
redesignation of the County to
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
The revision will contain Indiana’s plan
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for maintaining the 8-hour ozone
standard for 10 years beyond the first
10-year period after redesignation.
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V. Has Indiana Adopted Acceptable
Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets for
the End of the 14-Year Maintenance
Plan Which Can Be Used to Support
Conformity Determinations?
A. How Are the Motor Vehicle Emission
Budgets Developed and What Are the
Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets for
Clark and Floyd Counties?
Under the CAA, States are required to
submit, at various times, SIP revisions
and ozone maintenance plans for
applicable areas (for ozone
nonattainment areas and for areas
seeking redesignations to attainment of
the ozone standard or revising existing
ozone maintenance plans). These
emission control SIP revisions (e.g.,
reasonable further progress and
attainment demonstration SIP
revisions), including ozone maintenance
plans, must create MVEBs based on onroad mobile source emissions allocated
to highway and transit vehicle use that,
together with emissions from other
sources in the area, will provide for
attainment or maintenance of the ozone
NAAQS.
Under 40 CFR part 93, MVEBs for an
area seeking a redesignation to
attainment of the NAAQS are
established for the last year of the
maintenance plan and the State has the
option of setting budgets for other years
in the maintenance plan. The MVEBs
serve as ceilings on emissions from an
area’s planned transportation system.
The MVEB concept is further explained
in the preamble to the November 24,
1993 transportation conformity rule (58
FR 62188). The preamble also describes
how to establish the MVEBs in the SIP
and how to revise the MVEBs if needed.
Under section 176(c) of the CAA, new
transportation projects, such as the
construction of new highways, must
‘‘conform’’ to (i.e., be consistent with)
the part of the SIP that addresses
emissions from cars and trucks.
Conformity to the SIP means that
transportation activities will not cause
new air quality standard violations, or
delay timely attainment of the NAAQS.
If a transportation plan does not
conform, most new transportation
projects that would expand the capacity
of roadways cannot go forward.
Regulations at 40 CFR part 93 set forth
EPA’s policy, criteria, and procedures
for demonstrating and assuring
conformity of transportation activities to
a SIP.
When reviewing SIP revisions
containing MVEBs, including
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attainment strategies, rate-of-progress
plans, and maintenance plans, EPA
must affirmatively find that the MVEBs
are ‘‘adequate’’ for use in determining
transportation conformity. Once EPA
affirmatively finds the submitted
MVEBs to be adequate for transportation
conformity purposes, the MVEBs are
used by state and Federal agencies in
determining whether proposed
transportation projects conform to the
SIPs as required by section 176(c) of the
CAA. EPA’s substantive criteria for
determining the adequacy of MVEBs are
specified in 40 CFR 93.118(e)(4).
EPA’s process for determining the
adequacy of MVEBs consists of three
basic steps: (1) Providing public
notification of a SIP submission; (2)
providing the public the opportunity to
comment on the MVEBs during a public
comment period; and (3) making a
finding of adequacy. The process of
determining the adequacy of submitted
SIP MVEBs was initially outlined in
EPA’s May 14, 1999, guidance,
‘‘Conformity Guidance on
Implementation of March 2, 1999,
Conformity Court Decision.’’ This
guidance was finalized in the
Transportation Conformity Rule
Amendments for the ‘‘New 8-Hour
Ozone and PM2.5 National Ambient Air
Quality Standards and Miscellaneous
Revisions for Existing Areas:
Transportation Conformity Rule
Amendments—Response to Court
Decision and Additional Rule Change’’
published on July 1, 2004 (69 FR
40004). EPA follows this guidance and
rulemaking in making its adequacy
determinations.
The Transportation Conformity Rule,
in 40 CFR section 93.118(f), provides for
MVEB adequacy findings through two
mechanisms. First, 40 CFR 93.118(f)(1)
provides for posting a notice to the EPA
conformity Web site at: https://
www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/
transconf/adequacy.htm and providing
a 30-day public comment period.
Second, a mechanism is described in 40
CFR 93.118(f)(2) which provides that
EPA can review the adequacy of an
implementation plan MVEB
simultaneously with its review of the
implementation plan itself.
EPA, through this rulemaking, is
proposing to approve the MVEBs for use
to determine transportation conformity
in the Louisville 8-hour ozone area
because EPA has determined that the
budgets are consistent with the control
measures in the SIP and that Louisville
can maintain attainment of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS for the relevant required
14-year period with mobile source
emissions at the levels of the MVEBs.
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The MVEBs in the maintenance plan
are for the entire Louisville area, which
includes the Kentucky areas (Bullitt,
Jefferson and Oldham Counties), in
addition to Clark and Floyd Counties in
Indiana. Through the transportation
consultation process, it was decided
that the best way to maintain the mobile
source emissions for the area would be
to set budgets for the entire area rather
than each individual State. There is one
Metropolitan Planning Organization for
the entire area (the Kentuckiana
Regional Planning and Development
Agency). The transportation network
modeling and transportation conformity
determinations are conducted for the
entire Louisville area. The
transportation conformity regulations
allow States to decide in consultation
with the transportation partners, to
determine budgets for the entire area or
for each state. The transportation
conformity budgets are listed in the
Table below. MVEBs are proposed for
both the 2020 year or last year of the
maintenance plan and also for the 2003
year which is an attainment year.
LOUISVILLE KY-IN 8-HOUR OZONE REGIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS
BUDGETS
(Tons per day)
2003
VOC ..................................
NOX ..................................
2020
40.97
95.51
22.92
29.46
Kentucky and Indiana have jointly
chosen to allocate a portion of the
available safety margin to the 2020
MVEBs. This allocation is 6.03 tpd for
VOC and 9.84 tpd for NOX. The 2020
regional MVEBs are derived as follows
for VOC: [16.89 tpd for total mobile
emissions] + [6.03 tpd from available
safety margin] = 22.92 tpd; and for NOX:
[19.62 tpd for total mobile emissions] +
[9.84 tpd from available safety margin]
= 29.46 tpd. Thus, the remaining safety
margin for the interstate Louisville area
is 15.76 tpd for VOC and 102.69 tpd for
NOX.
These budgets are the same as the
budgets that have been submitted by the
State of Kentucky for the entire
Louisville area and have been discussed
by the transportation partners for the
Louisville area.
Through this rulemaking, EPA is
proposing to approve the 2003 and 2020
MVEBs for the interstate Louisville 8hour ozone area for use to determine
transportation conformity because EPA
has determined that the interstate
Louisville area maintains the standard
with emissions at the levels of the
budgets. If EPA approves the 2003 and
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2020 MVEBs in the final rulemaking
action, the new MVEBs must be used for
future transportation conformity
determinations. The new regional 2003
and 2020 MVEBs, if found adequate or
if approved in the final rulemaking, will
be effective with the publication of
EPA’s adequacy finding or final
rulemaking in the Federal Register,
whichever is done first. For required
regional emissions analysis years that
involve the year 2020 or beyond, the
applicable budgets for the purposes of
conducting transportation conformity
will be the 2020 MVEBs for the
interstate Louisville area. For required
analysis years prior to 2020, the
applicable budgets will be the 2003
MVEBs.
B. Are the MVEBs Approvable?
The VOC and NOX MVEBs for
Louisville are approvable because they
provide for continued maintenance of
the 8-hour ozone standard through 2020
and provide a 6.03 tons-per-day safety
margin for VOC and 9.84 tons-per-day
safety margin for NOX.
EPA is proposing to approve the 2003
and 2020 MVEBs for the interstate
Louisville area because the maintenance
plans demonstrate that expected
emissions for the area, including the
MVEBs plus the estimated emissions for
all other source categories, will continue
to maintain the 8-hour ozone standard.
VII. What is the Effect of EPA’s
Proposed Action?
Approval of the redesignation request
would change the official designation of
Clark and Floyd Counties from
nonattainment to attainment of the
8-hour ozone NAAQS. It would also
incorporate into the Indiana SIP a plan
for maintaining the ozone NAAQS
through 2020. The maintenance plan
includes contingency measures to
remedy possible future violations of the
8-hour ozone NAAQS, and establishes
MVEBs (for the entire Louisville area)
for the years 2003 and 2020.
VII. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
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Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR
51735, September 30, 1993), this action
is not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’
and, therefore, is not subject to review
by the Office of Management and
Budget.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule does not impose
an information collection burden under
the provisions of the Paperwork
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Jkt 211001
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501
et seq.).
Regulatory Flexibility Act
This proposed action merely proposes
to approve state law as meeting Federal
requirements and imposes no additional
requirements beyond those imposed by
state law. Accordingly, the
Administrator certifies that this
proposed rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities under the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601
et seq.).
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Because this rule proposes to approve
pre-existing requirements under state
law and does not impose any additional
enforceable duty beyond that required
by state law, it does not contain any
unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as
described in the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4).
Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action also does not have
Federalism implications because it does
not have substantial direct effects on the
states, on the relationship between the
national government and the states, or
on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government, as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999). This action merely
proposes to approve a state rule
implementing a federal standard, and
does not alter the relationship or the
distribution of power and
responsibilities established in the Clean
Air Act.
Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination with Indian Tribal
Governments
This proposed rule also does not have
tribal implications because it will not
have a substantial direct effect on one or
more Indian tribes, on the relationship
between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes,
as specified by Executive Order 13175
(65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children from Environmental Health
and Safety Risks
This proposed rule also is not subject
to Executive Order 13045 ‘‘Protection of
Children from Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks’’ (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997), because it proposes
approval of a state rule implementing a
Federal Standard.
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Executive Order 13211: Actions That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
Because it is not a ‘‘significant
regulatory action’’ under Executive
Order 12866 or a ‘‘significant regulatory
action,’’ this action is also not subject to
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use’’ (66 FR 28355, May
22, 2001).
National Technology Transfer
Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), 15 U.S.C. 272,
requires Federal agencies to use
technical standards that are developed
or adopted by voluntary consensus to
carry out policy objectives, so long as
such standards are not inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise impractical.
In reviewing SIP submissions, EPA’s
role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of
the Clean Air Act. Absent a prior
existing requirement for the state to use
voluntary consensus standards, EPA has
no authority to disapprove a SIP
submission for failure to use such
standards, and it would thus be
inconsistent with applicable law for
EPA to use voluntary consensus
standards in place of a program
submission that otherwise satisfies the
provisions of the Clean Air Act.
Therefore, the requirements of section
12(d) of the NTTAA do not apply.
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Intergovernmental
relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Volatile organic compounds.
40 CFR Part 81
Air pollution control, Environmental
protection, National parks, Wilderness
areas.
Dated: April 30, 2007.
Bharat Mathur,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
[FR Doc. E7–8772 Filed 5–7–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
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[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 88 (Tuesday, May 8, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 26057-26068]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-8772]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81
[EPA-R05-OAR-2006-0715; FRL-8310-9]
Determination of Attainment, Approval and Promulgation of
Implementation Plans and Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning
Purposes; Indiana; Redesignation of the Clark and Floyd Counties 8-Hour
Nonattainment Area to Attainment for Ozone
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: On November 15, 2006, the Indiana Department of Environmental
Management (IDEM) submitted a request to redesignate the Indiana
portion of the Louisville 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) nonattainment area (Clark and Floyd Counties) to
attainment for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS, and a request for EPA approval
of a 14-year maintenance plan for Clark and Floyd Counties. Today, EPA
is making a determination that the Indiana portion of the Louisville 8-
hour ozone nonattainment area has attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. This
determination is based on three years of complete, quality-assured
ambient air quality monitoring data for the 2003-2005 ozone seasons
that demonstrate that the 8-hour ozone NAAQS has been attained in the
area. EPA is proposing to approve the request to redesignate Clark and
Floyd Counties to attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard based on its
determination that the Louisville 8-hour ozone nonattainment area has
met the criteria for redesignation to attainment specified in the Clean
Air Act (CAA). EPA is also proposing to approve Indiana's maintenance
plan which adequately supports continued attainment through 2020 and,
for purposes of transportation conformity, the Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Motor Vehicle
Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for the year 2003 and 2020.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before June 7, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-
OAR-2006-0715, by one of the following methods:
https://www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line
instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: mooney.john@epa.gov.
Fax: (312) 886-5824.
Mail: John M. Mooney, Chief, Criteria Pollutant Section,
Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604.
Hand Delivery: John M. Mooney, Chief, Criteria Pollutant
Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois. Such deliveries
are only accepted during the Regional Office's normal hours of
operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of
boxed information. The Regional Office's official hours of operation
are Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. excluding Federal
holidays.
Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-
2006-
[[Page 26058]]
0715. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included in
the public docket without change and may be made available online at
https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information
provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you
consider to be CBI, or otherwise protected, through https://
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Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the https://
www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such
as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hardcopy.
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically
in https://www.regulations.gov or in hardcopy at the Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West
Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. This facility is open from
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holidays. It is recommended that you telephone Steven Rosenthal,
Environmental Engineer, at (312) 886-6052, before visiting the Region 5
office.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Steven Rosenthal, Environmental
Engineer, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18),
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 886-6052, rosenthal.steven@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,''
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean the EPA. This supplementary
information section is arranged as follow:
I. What Action Is EPA Proposing to Take?
II. What Is the Background for This Action?
III. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation to Attainment?
IV. What Are EPA's Analyses of the State's Redesignation Request and
What Are the Bases for EPA's Proposed Action?
V. Has Indiana Adopted Acceptable Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets
for the End of the 14-Year Maintenance Plan Which Can Be Used To
Support Conformity Determinations?
VI. What Is the Effect of EPA's Proposed Action?
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. What Action Is EPA Proposing to Take?
We are proposing to take several related actions for the Indiana
portion of the Louisville 8-hour nonattainment area (Clark and Floyd
Counties). First, we are proposing to determine that Clark and Floyd
Counties have attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS based on air quality for
the period of 2003 through 2005. Second, we are proposing to approve
Indiana's ozone maintenance plan for Clark and Floyd Counties as a
revision of the Indiana SIP. The maintenance plan is designed to keep
Clark and Floyd Counties in attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard
through 2020 by ensuring that the VOC and NOX emissions in
both Clark and Floyd Counties and the entire Louisville area will be
lower in 2020 than in 2003, an attainment year. As supported by and
consistent with the ozone maintenance plan, we are also proposing to
approve the 2003 and the 2020 VOC and NOX MVEBs for the
Louisville area for transportation conformity purposes. We are also
proposing to approve the request from the State of Indiana to change
the designation of Clark and Floyd Counties from nonattainment to
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. We have determined that Indiana
and Clark and Floyd Counties have met the requirements for
redesignation to attainment under section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air
Act (CAA).
II. What Is the Background for This Action?
A. General Background Information
EPA has determined that ground-level ozone is detrimental to human
health. On July 18, 1997, EPA promulgated an 8-hour ozone NAAQS of 0.08
parts per million parts of air (0.08 ppm) (80 parts per billion (ppb))
(62 FR 38856).\1\ This 8-hour ozone standard replaced a prior 1-hour
ozone NAAQS, which had been promulgated on February 8, 1979 (44 FR
8202), and which was revoked on June 15, 2005 (69 FR 23858).
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\1\ This standard is violated in an area when any ozone monitor
in the area (or in its impacted downwind environs) records 8-hour
ozone concentrations with an average of the annual fourth-highest
daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentrations over a three-year period
equaling or exceeding 85 ppb. 40 CFR 50.10.
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Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly by sources. Rather,
emitted NOX and VOC react in the presence of sunlight to
form ground-level ozone along with other secondary compounds.
NOX and VOC are referred to as ``ozone precursors.'' Control
of ground-level ozone concentrations is achieved through controlling
VOC and NOX emissions.
The CAA required EPA to designate as nonattainment any area that
violated the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The Federal Register notice
promulgating these designations and classifications was published on
April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23857).
The CAA contains two sets of provisions--subpart 1 and subpart 2--
that address planning and emission control requirements for
nonattainment areas. Both are found in title I, part D of the CAA.
Subpart 1 contains general, less prescriptive requirements for all
nonattainment areas for any pollutant governed by a NAAQS. Subpart 2
contains more specific requirements for certain ozone nonattainment
areas, and applies to ozone nonattainment areas classified under
section 181 of the CAA.
In the April 30, 2004, designation rulemaking, EPA divided 8-hour
ozone nonattainment areas into the categories of subpart 1
nonattainment (``basic'' nonattainment) and subpart 2 nonattainment
(``classified'' nonattainment). EPA based this division on the area's
8-hour ozone design values (i.e., on the three-year averages of the
annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentrations at the
worst-case monitoring sites in the areas) and on their 1-hour ozone
design values (i.e., on the fourth-highest daily maximum 1-hour ozone
concentrations over the three-year period at the worst-case monitoring
sites in the areas).\2\ EPA classified 8-hour ozone nonattainment areas
with 1-hour ozone design values equaling or exceeding 121 ppb as
[[Page 26059]]
subpart 2, classified nonattainment areas. EPA classified all other 8-
hour nonattainment areas as subpart 1, basic nonattainment areas. The
basis for area classification was explained in a separate April 30,
2004 final rule (the Phase 1 implementation rule) (69 FR 23951).
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\2\ The 8-hour ozone design value and the 1-hour ozone design
value for each area were not necessarily recorded at the same
monitoring site. The worst-case monitoring site for each ozone
concentration averaging time was considered for each area.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission control requirements for classified nonattainment areas
are linked to area classifications. Areas with more serious ozone
pollution problems are subject to more prescribed requirements and
later attainment dates. The prescribed emission control requirements
are designed to bring areas into attainment by their specified
attainment dates.
In the April 30, 2004 ozone designation/classification rulemaking,
EPA designated the Louisville nonattainment area, including Clark and
Floyd Counties as a subpart 1 basic nonattainment area for the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. EPA based the designation on ozone data collected during
the 2001-2003 period.
On November 15, 2006, the State of Indiana requested redesignation
of Clark and Floyd Counties to attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS
based on ozone data collected in these counties from 2003-2005.
B. What Is the Impact of the December 22, 2006 United States Court of
Appeals Decision Regarding EPA's Phase 1 Implementation Rule?
1. Summary of Court Decision
On December 22, 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit vacated EPA's Phase 1 Implementation Rule for the 8-
hour Ozone Standard. (69 FR 23951, April 30, 2004). South Coast Air
Quality Management Dist. v. EPA, 472 F.3d 882 (D.C. Cir. 2006). The
Court held that certain provisions of EPA's Phase 1 Rule were
inconsistent with the requirements of the Clean Air Act. The Court
rejected EPA's reasons for implementing the 8-hour standard in
nonattainment areas under Subpart 1 in lieu of subpart 2 of Title I,
part D of the Act. The Court also held that EPA improperly failed to
retain four measures required for 1-hour nonattainment areas under the
anti-backsliding provisions of the regulations: (1) Nonattainment area
New Source Review (NSR) requirements based on an area's 1-hour
nonattainment classification; (2) Section 185 penalty fees for 1-hour
severe or extreme nonattainment areas; (3) measures to be implemented
pursuant to section 172(c)(9) or 182(c)(9)of the Act, on the
contingency of an area not making reasonable further progress toward
attainment of the 1-hour NAAQS, or for failure to attain that NAAQS;
and (4) certain conformity requirements for certain types of Federal
actions. The Court upheld EPA's authority to revoke the 1-hour standard
provided there were adequate anti-backsliding provisions.
This section sets forth EPA's views on the potential effect of the
Court's ruling on this redesignation action. For the reasons set forth
below, EPA does not believe that the Court's ruling alters any
requirements relevant to this redesignation action so as to preclude
redesignation, and does not prevent EPA from finalizing this
redesignation. EPA believes that the Court's decision, as it currently
stands or as it may be modified based upon any petition for rehearing
that has been filed, imposes no impediment to moving forward with
redesignation of this area to attainment, because in either
circumstance redesignation is appropriate under the relevant
redesignation provisions of the Act and longstanding policies regarding
redesignation requests.
2. Requirements Under the 8-Hour Standard
With respect to the 8-hour standard, the Court's ruling rejected
EPA's reasons for classifying areas under Subpart 1 for the 8-hour
standard, and remanded that matter to the Agency. Consequently, it is
possible that this area could, during a remand to EPA, be reclassified
under Subpart 2. Although any future decision by EPA to classify this
area under Subpart 2 might trigger additional future requirements for
the area, EPA believes that this does not mean that redesignation
cannot now go forward. This belief is based upon (1) EPA's longstanding
policy of evaluating State submissions in accordance with the
requirements due at the time the request is submitted; and, (2)
consideration of the inequity of applying retroactively any future
requirements.
First, at the time the redesignation request was submitted, Clark
and Floyd Counties (and the entire Louisville area) were classified
under Subpart 1 and were obligated to meet Subpart 1 requirements.
Under EPA's longstanding interpretation of section 107(d)(3)(E) of the
Clean Air Act, to qualify for redesignation, states requesting
redesignation to attainment must meet only the relevant SIP
requirements that came due prior to the submittal of a complete
redesignation request. September 4, 1992, Calcagni memorandum
(``Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to
Attainment,'' Memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality
Management Division) See also Michael Shapiro Memorandum, September 17,
1993, and 60 FR 12459, 12465-66 (March 7, 1995) (Redesignation of
Detroit-Ann Arbor). See Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F.3d 537 (7th Cir.
2004), which upheld this interpretation. See, e.g. also 68 FR 25418,
25424, 25427 (May 12, 2003) (redesignation of St. Louis).
Moreover, it would be inequitable to retroactively apply any new
SIP requirements that were not applicable at the time the request was
submitted. The DC Circuit has recognized the inequity in such
retroactive rulemaking, See Sierra Club v. Whitman, 285 F.3d 63 (DC
Cir. 2002), in which the DC Circuit upheld a District Court's ruling
refusing to make retroactive an EPA determination of nonattainment that
was past the statutory due date. Such a determination would have
resulted in the imposition of additional requirements on the area. The
Court stated: ``Although EPA failed to make the nonattainment
determination within the statutory time frame, Sierra Club's proposed
solution only makes the situation worse. Retroactive relief would
likely impose large costs on the States, which would face fines and
suits for not implementing air pollution prevention plans in 1997, even
though they were not on notice at the time.'' Id. at 68. Similarly here
it would be unfair to penalize the area by applying to it for purposes
of redesignation additional SIP requirements under Subpart 2 that were
not in effect at the time it submitted its redesignation request.
3. Requirements Under the 1-Hour Standard
With respect to the requirements under the 1-hour standard, Clark
and Floyd Counties were attainment areas subject to a Clean Air Act
section 175A maintenance plan under the 1-hour standard. The Court's
ruling does not impact redesignation requests for these types of areas.
First, there are no conformity requirements that are relevant for
redesignation requests for any standard, including the requirement to
submit a transportation conformity SIP \3\. Under longstanding EPA
policy, EPA believes that it is reasonable to interpret the conformity
SIP requirement as not applying for purposes of evaluating a
redesignation request under section
[[Page 26060]]
107(d) because state conformity rules are still required after
redesignation and Federal conformity rules apply where state rules have
not been approved. 40 CFR 51.390. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th
Cir. 2001), upholding this interpretation. See also 60 FR 62748 (Dec.
7, 1995) (Tampa, FL redesignation). Federal transportation conformity
regulations apply in all States prior to approval of transportation
conformity SIPs. The 1-hour ozone areas in Indiana were redesignated to
attainment without approved State transportation conformity regulations
because the Federal regulations were in effect in Indiana. When
challenged, these 1-hour ozone redesignations, which were approved
without State regulations, were upheld by the courts. See Wall v. EPA,
265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001). See also 60 FR 62748 (December 7, 1995)
(Tampa, Florida). Although Indiana does not have approved State
transportation conformity regulations, it has developed memoranda of
understanding, signed by all parties involved in conformity, to address
conformity consultation procedures. The Federal transportation
conformity regulations, which apply in Indiana, require the approved 1-
hour ozone budgets to be used for transportation conformity purposes
prior to 8-hour ozone budgets being approved.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Clean Air Act section 176(c)(4)(E) currently requires States
to submit revisions to their SIPs to reflect certain Federal
criteria and procedures for determining transportation conformity.
Transportation conformity SIPs are different from the motor vehicle
emissions budgets that are established in control strategy SIPs and
maintenance plans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Second, with respect to the three other anti-backsliding provisions
for the 1-hour standard that the Court found were not properly
retained, Clark and Floyd Counties are attainment areas subject to a
maintenance plan for the 1-hour standard, and the NSR, contingency
measure (pursuant to section 172(c)(9) or 182(c)(9)) and fee provision
requirements no longer apply to an area that has been redesignated to
attainment of the 1-hour standard.
Thus, the decision in South Coast should not alter requirements
that would preclude EPA from finalizing the redesignation of this area.
III. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation to Attainment?
The CAA provides the requirements for redesignating a nonattainment
area to attainment. Specifically, section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA
allows for redesignation provided that: (1) The Administrator
determines that the area has attained the applicable NAAQS; (2) the
Administrator has fully approved an applicable state implementation
plan for the area under section 110(k) of the CAA; (3) the
Administrator determines that the improvement in air quality is due to
permanent and enforceable emission reductions resulting from
implementation of the applicable SIP, Federal air pollution control
regulations, and other permanent and enforceable emission reductions;
(4) the Administrator has fully approved a maintenance plan for the
area meeting the requirements of section 175A of the CAA; and (5) the
state containing the area has met all requirements applicable to the
area under section 110 and part D of the CAA.
EPA provided guidance on redesignations in the General Preamble for
the Implementation of Title I of the CAA Amendments of 1990 on April
16, 1992 (57 FR 13498), and supplemented this guidance on April 28,
1992 (57 FR 18070). The two main policy guidelines affecting the review
of ozone redesignation requests are the following: ``Procedures for
Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment,'' Memorandum
from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division,
September 4, 1992 (September 4, 1992 Calcagni memorandum); and,
``Reasonable Further Progress, Attainment Demonstration, and Related
Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment Areas Meeting the Ozone National
Ambient Air Quality Standard,'' Memorandum from John S. Seitz,
Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, May 10, 1995.
For additional policy guidelines used in the review of ozone
redesignation requests, see our proposed rule for the redesignation of
the Evansville, Indiana ozone nonattainment area at 70 FR 53606
(September 9, 2005).
IV. What Are EPA's Analyses of the State's Redesignation Request and
What Are the Bases for EPA's Proposed Action?
EPA is proposing to: (1) Determine that Clark and Floyd Counties
have attained the 8-hour ozone standard; (2) approve the ozone
maintenance plan for Clark and Floyd Counties and the VOC and
NOX MVEBs supported by this maintenance plan; and (3)
approve the redesignation of Clark and Floyd to attainment of the 8-
hour ozone NAAQS. The bases for our proposed determination and
approvals follow.
A. Louisville Has Attained the 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS
For ozone, an area may be considered to be attaining the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS if there are no violations of the NAAQS, as determined in
accordance with 40 CFR 50.10 and appendix I, based on the most recent
three complete, consecutive calendar years of quality-assured air
quality monitoring data at all ozone monitoring sites in the area and
in its nearby downwind environs. To attain this standard, the average
of the annual fourth-high daily maximum 8-hour average ozone
concentrations measured and recorded at each monitor (the monitoring
site's ozone design value) within the area and in its nearby downwind
environs over the three-year period must not exceed the ozone standard.
Based on an ozone data rounding convention described in 40 CFR part 50,
appendix I, the 8-hour standard is attained if the area's ozone design
value \4\ is 0.084 ppm (84 ppb) or lower. The data must be collected
and quality-assured in accordance with 40 CFR part 58, and must be
recorded in EPA's Air Quality System (AQS). The ozone monitors
generally should have remained at the same locations for the duration
of the monitoring period required to demonstrate attainment (for three
years or more). The data supporting attainment of the standard must be
complete in accordance with 40 CFR part 50, appendix I.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ The worst-case monitoring site-specific ozone design value
in the area or in its affected downwind environs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indiana submitted ozone monitoring data for the April through
September ozone seasons from 2003 to 2005 for the Indiana and Kentucky
portions of the Louisville nonattainment area. This data has been
quality assured by Indiana and Kentucky and is recorded in AQS. The 4th
high averages are summarized in Table 1, in which the values are in ppm
ozone.
Table 1.--4th high values in ppm ozone.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monitor County 2003-2005 2003 2004 2005 2006
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charlestown, IN................... Clark................ 0.081 0.090 0.074 0.080 0.079
[[Page 26061]]
New Albany, IN.................... Floyd................ 0.079 0.086 0.071 0.079 0.076
WLKY, KY.......................... Jefferson............ 0.071 0.073 0.068 0.074 0.067
Watson, KY........................ Jefferson............ 0.076 0.075 0.070 0.085 0.077
Bates, KY......................... Jefferson............ 0.073 0.072 0.070 0.079 0.074
Shepherdsville, KY................ Bulitt............... 0.073 0.072 0.068 0.080 0.071
Buckner, KY....................... Oldham............... 0.082 0.082 0.076 0.089 0.083
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
These data show that the average fourth-high daily maximum 8-hour
ozone concentrations for the monitoring sites in the Louisville area
are all below the 85 ppb ozone standard violation cut-off. The data
support the conclusion that the Louisville 8-hour ozone nonattainment
area (including Clark and Floyd Counties) did not experience a
monitored violation of the 8-hour ozone standard from 2003-2005. In
addition, the surrounding counties in Indiana and Kentucky did not
monitor nonattainment during the 2003-2005 period. As also noted in
Table 1, the 8-hour ozone NAAQS continued to be attained in the
Louisville area through 2006.
Indiana has committed to continue ozone monitoring at the sites in
Clark and Floyd Counties. IDEM also commits to consult with the EPA
prior to making any changes in the existing monitoring network. In
summary, EPA believes that the data submitted by Indiana provide an
adequate demonstration that the Louisville area attains the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS.
B. Clark and Floyd Counties Have Met All Applicable Requirements Under
Section 110 and Part D of the CAA and the Area Has a Fully Approved SIP
Under Section 110(k) of the CAA
EPA has determined that Indiana has met all currently applicable
SIP requirements for Clark and Floyd Counties under section 110 of the
CAA (general SIP requirements). EPA has determined that the Indiana SIP
meets currently applicable SIP requirements under part D of title I of
the CAA (requirements specific to subpart 1 and subpart 2 ozone
nonattainment areas). See section 107(d)(3)(E)(v) of the CAA. In
addition, EPA has determined that the Indiana SIP is fully approved
with respect to all applicable requirements. See section
107(d)(3)(E)(ii) of the CAA. In making these determinations, EPA
ascertained what requirements are applicable to the area, and
determined that the applicable portions of the SIP meeting these
requirements are fully approved under section 110(k) of the CAA. We
note that SIPs must be fully approved only with respect to currently
applicable requirements of the CAA, those CAA requirements applicable
to Clark and Floyd Counties at the time the State submitted the final,
complete ozone redesignation request for this area.
1. Clark and Floyd Counties Have Met All Applicable Requirements Under
Section 110 and Part D of the CAA
The September 4, 1992 Calcagni memorandum describes EPA's
interpretation of section 107(D)(3)(E) of the CAA. Under this
interpretation, to qualify for redesignation of an area to attainment,
the State and the area must meet the relevant CAA requirements that
come due prior to the State's submittal of a complete redesignation
request for the area. See also a September 17, 1993, memorandum from
Michael Shapiro, Acting Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation,
``State Implementation Plan (SIP) Requirements for Areas Submitting
Requests for Redesignation to Attainment of the Ozone and Carbon
Monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) On or
After November 15, 1992'' and 66 FR 12459, 12465-12466 (March 7, 1995)
(redesignation of Detroit-Ann Arbor, Michigan to attainment of the 1-
hour ozone NAAQS). Applicable requirements of the CAA that come due
subsequent to the State's submittal of a complete redesignation request
remain applicable until a redesignation to attainment of the standard
is approved, but are not required as a prerequisite to redesignation.
See section 175A(c) of the CAA. Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F.3d 537 (7th
Cir. 2004). See also 68 FR 25424, 25427 (May 12, 2003) (redesignation
of the St. Louis/East St. Louis area to attainment of the 1-hour ozone
NAAQS).
General SIP requirements: Section 110(a) of title I of the CAA
contains the general requirements for a SIP, which include: enforceable
emission limitations and other control measures, means, or techniques;
provisions for the establishment and operation of appropriate devices
necessary to collect data on ambient air quality; and programs to
enforce the emission limitations. SIP elements and requirements are
specified in section 110(a)(2) of title I, part A of the CAA. These
requirements and SIP elements include, but are not limited to, the
following: (a) Submittal of a SIP that has been adopted by the State
after reasonable public notice and a hearing; (b) provisions for
establishment and operation of appropriate procedures needed to monitor
ambient air quality; (c) implementation of a source permit program; (d)
provisions for the implementation of new source part C requirements
(Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)) and new source part D
requirements (New Source Review (NSR)); (e) criteria for stationary
source emission control measures, monitoring, and reporting; (f)
provisions for air quality modeling; and (g) provisions for public and
local agency participation.
SIP requirements and elements are discussed in the following EPA
documents: ``Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to
Attainment,'' Memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality
Management Division, September 4, 1992; ``State Implementation Plan
(SIP) Actions Submitted in Response to Clean Air Act (CAA) Deadlines,''
Memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management
Division, October 28, 1992; and ``State Implementation Plan (SIP)
Requirements for Areas Submitting Requests for Redesignation to
Attainment of the Ozone and Carbon Monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) on or After November 15, 1992,'' Memorandum
from Michael H. Shapiro, Acting Assistant Administrator, September 17,
1993.
Section 110(a)(2)(D) of the CAA requires SIPs to contain certain
measures to prevent sources in one State from significantly
contributing to air quality problems in another State. To implement
this provision, EPA required States to establish programs to address
transport of air pollutants (NOX SIP call,
[[Page 26062]]
Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)). EPA has also found, generally, that
states have not submitted SIPs under section 110(a)(1) of the CAA to
meet the interstate transport requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)
of the CAA (70 FR 21147, April 25, 2005). However, the section
110(a)(2)(D) requirements for a State are not linked with a particular
nonattainment area's classification. EPA believes that the requirements
linked with a particular nonattainment area's classification are the
relevant measures to evaluate in reviewing a redesignation request. The
transport SIP submittal requirements, where applicable, continue to
apply to a State regardless of the designation of any one particular
area in the State.
These requirements should not be construed to be applicable
requirements for purposes of redesignation. In addition, the other
section 110 elements described above that are not connected with
nonattainment plan submissions and that are not linked with an area's
attainment status are also not applicable requirements for purposes of
redesignation. A State remains subject to these requirements after an
area is redesignated to attainment. We conclude that only the section
110 and part D requirements which are linked with an area's designation
and classification are the relevant measures in evaluating this aspect
of a redesignation request. This approach is consistent with EPA's
existing policy on applicability of conformity and oxygenated fuels
requirements for redesignation purposes, as well as with section 184
ozone transport requirements. See: Reading, Pennsylvania proposed and
final rulemakings (61 FR 53174-53176, October 10, 1996 and 62 FR 24826,
May 7, 1997); Cleveland-Akron-Loraine, Ohio final rulemaking (61 FR
20458, May 7, 1996); and Tampa, Florida final rulemaking (60 FR 62748,
December 7, 1995). See also the discussion on this issue in the
Cincinnati, Ohio ozone redesignation (65 FR 37890, June 19, 2000), and
the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ozone redesignation (66 FR 50399, October
19, 2001). In addition, Indiana's response to the CAIR rule was due in
September 2006. Because this deadline had not yet passed when the State
submitted the final, complete redesignation request, the State's CAIR
submittal is also not an applicable requirement for redesignation
purposes.
It should be noted that section 110 elements not linked to the
area's nonattainment status are not applicable for purposes of
redesignation. Nonetheless, we also note that EPA has previously
approved provisions in the Indiana SIP addressing section 110 elements
under the 1-hour ozone standard. We have analyzed the Indiana SIP as
codified in 40 CFR part 52, subpart P, and have determined that it is
consistent with the requirements of section 110(a)(2) of the CAA. The
SIP, which has been adopted after reasonable public notice and hearing,
contains enforceable emission limitations; requires monitoring,
compiling, and analyzing ambient air quality data; requires
preconstruction review of new major stationary sources and major
modifications of existing sources; provides for adequate funding,
staff, and associated resources necessary to implement its
requirements; and requires stationary source emissions monitoring and
reporting, and otherwise satisfies the applicable requirements of
section 110(a)(2).
Part D SIP requirements: EPA has determined that the Indiana SIP
meets applicable SIP requirements under part D of the CAA. Under part
D, an area's classification (marginal, moderate, serious, severe, and
extreme) indicates the requirements to which it will be subject.
Subpart 1 of part D, found in sections 172-176 of the CAA, sets forth
the basic nonattainment area plan requirements applicable to all
nonattainment areas. Subpart 2 of part D, found in section 182 of the
CAA, establishes additional specific requirements depending on the
area's nonattainment classification.
Part D, subpart 1 requirements: For purposes of evaluating this
redesignation request, the applicable subpart 1 part D requirements for
all nonattainment areas are contained in sections 172(c)(1)-(9) and
176. A thorough discussion of the requirements of section 172 can be
found in the General Preamble for Implementation of Title I (57 FR
13498). (see also 68 FR 4852-4853 regarding a St. Louis ozone
redesignation notice of proposed rulemaking for a discussion of section
172 requirements.)
No requirements under part D of the CAA came due for Clark and
Floyd Counties prior to the State's November 15, 2006, submittal of a
complete redesignation request. For example, the requirement for an
ozone attainment demonstration, as contained in section 172(c)(1), was
not yet applicable, nor were the requirements for Reasonably Available
Control Measures (RACM) and Reasonably Available Control Technology
(RACT) (section 172(c)(1)), Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) (section
172(c)(2)), and attainment plan and RFP contingency measures (section
172(c)(9)). All of these required SIP elements are required for
submittal after November 15, 2006. Therefore, none of the part D
requirements are applicable to Clark and Floyd Counties for purposes of
redesignation.
Section 176 conformity requirements: Section 176(c) of the CAA
requires states to establish criteria and procedures to ensure that
Federally-supported or funded activities, including highway projects,
conform to the air planning goals in the applicable SIP. The
requirement to determine conformity applies to transportation plans,
programs, and projects developed, funded, or approved under Title 23
U.S.C. and the Federal Transit Act (transportation conformity) as well
as to all other Federally-supported or funded projects (general
conformity). State conformity SIP revisions must be consistent with
Federal conformity regulations that the CAA required the EPA to
promulgate.
In addition to the fact that part D requirements did not become due
prior to Indiana's submission of the complete ozone redesignation
request for Clark and Floyd Counties, and, therefore, are not
applicable for redesignation purposes, EPA has similarly concluded that
the conformity requirements do not apply for purposes of evaluating the
ozone redesignation request under section 107(d) of the CAA. In
addition, it is reasonable to interpret the conformity requirements as
not applying for purposes of evaluating the ozone redesignation request
under section 107(d) of the CAA because state conformity rules are
still required after redesignation of an area to attainment of a NAAQS
and Federal conformity rules apply where state rules have not been
approved. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001). See also 60 FR
62748 (December 7, 1995) (Tampa, Florida).
We conclude that the State and Clark and Floyd Counties have
satisfied all applicable requirements under section 110 and part D of
the CAA to the extent that the requirements apply for the purposes of
reviewing the State's ozone redesignation request.
2. Clark and Floyd Counties Have a Fully Approved Applicable SIP Under
Section 110(k) of the CAA
EPA has fully approved the Indiana SIP for Clark and Floyd Counties
under section 110(k) of the CAA for all applicable requirements. EPA
may rely on prior SIP approvals in approving a redesignation request
(see the September 4, 1992 John Calcagni memorandum, page 3,
Southwestern Pennsylvania Growth Alliance v. Browner, 144 F.3d 984,
989-990 (6th Cir. 1998), Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426
[[Page 26063]]
(6th Cir. 2001)), plus any additional measures it may approve in
conjunction with a redesignation action. See 68 FR 25426 (May 12,
2003). Since the passage of the CAA of 1970, Indiana has adopted and
submitted, and EPA has fully approved, provisions addressing the
various required SIP elements applicable to Clark and Floyd Counties
for purposes of redesignation. No Clark and Floyd County SIP provisions
are currently disapproved, conditionally approved, or partially
approved. As indicated above, EPA believes that the section 110
elements not connected with nonattainment plan submissions and not
linked to the area's nonattainment status are not applicable
requirements for purposes of review of the State's redesignation
request. EPA has concluded that the section 110 SIP submission approved
under the 1-hour standard will be adequate for purposes of attaining
and maintaining the 8-hour standard. EPA also believes that since the
part D requirements did not become due prior to Indiana's submission of
a final, complete redesignation request, they also are not applicable
requirements for purposes of redesignation.
C. The Air Quality Improvement in Clark and Floyd Counties Is Due to
Permanent and Enforceable Reductions in Emissions From Implementation
of the SIP and Applicable Federal Air Pollution Control Regulations and
Other Permanent and Enforceable Emission Reductions
EPA believes that the State of Indiana has demonstrated that
implementation of the SIP, Federal measures, and other State-adopted
measures have contributed to the observed air quality improvement in
Clark and Floyd Counties.
In making this demonstration, the State has documented the changes
in VOC and NOX emissions from anthropogenic (man-made or
man-based) sources in Clark and Floyd, as well as the entire Louisville
nonattainment area, between 1996 and 2004 and the statewide
NOX emissions from Electric Generating Units (EGUs) from
1999 to 2005. The Louisville area was monitored in violation of the 8-
hour ozone NAAQS during the period of 2001-2003 and in attainment with
the NAAQS during the period of 2003-2005. The total VOC and
NOX emissions for both Clark and Floyd Counties and the
entire Louisville nonattainment area (Louisville NA in the table) for
2002, an attainment year, and 2003, a nonattainment year, are given in
Table 2.
Table 2.--VOC and NOX Emissions in Clark & Floyd Counties and
Louisville, All Sources--Emissions in Tons/Summer Day
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pollutant 2002 2003
------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC--Clark & Floyd............................ 32.69 29.26
NOX--Clark & Floyd............................ 57.59 51.76
VOC--Louisville NA............................ 138.24 133.83
NOX--Louisville NA............................ 247.46 238.76
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The statewide NOX emissions for EGUs from 1999-2005 are
given in Table 3 below.
Table 3.--NOX Emissions From Electric Generating Units in Indiana Statewide--Emissions in Thousands of Tons per
Ozone Season
[April-October]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statewide................................. 149.8 133.9 136.1 114.0 99.3 66.6 55.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The NOX and VOC emissions for Clark and Floyd Counties
and the entire Louisville nonattainment area have decreased from 2002,
an 8-hour standard violation year, to 2003, an 8-hour standard
attainment year. In addition, the Indiana Statewide EGU NOX
emissions have continued to decline from 1999 to 2005. This is a result
of the implementation of the Indiana NOX SIP (in response to
EPA's NOX SIP call) and acid rain control regulations, both
of which led to permanent, enforceable emission reductions.
VOC and NOX emissions have declined as a result of
enforceable emission reductions. As required by Section 172 of the CAA,
Indiana in the mid-1990s promulgated rules requiring RACT for emissions
of VOCs. Statewide RACT rules have applied to all new sources locating
in Indiana since that time and include the following VOC rules: 326
Indiana Administrative Code (IAC) 8-1-6 (Best Available Control
Technology (BACT) for non-specific sources); 326 IAC 8-2 (surface
coating emission limitations); 326 IAC 8-3 (organic solvent degreasing
operations); 326 IAC 8-4 (petroleum sources); and 326 IAC 8-5
(miscellaneous sources). The VOC emission reductions resulting from the
implementation of these VOC emission control rules are permanent and
enforceable.
Besides the statewide VOC RACT rules and NOX emission
control requirements, other Federal emission reduction requirements
have resulted in decreased ozone precursor emissions in Clark and Floyd
Counties (a similar set of control measures have been implemented for
the Kentucky portion of the Louisville area) and will produce future
emission reductions that will support maintenance of the ozone standard
in these Counties. These emission reduction requirements include the
following:
Tier 2 Emission Standards for Vehicles and Gasoline Sulfur
Standards. These emission control requirements result in lower
emissions from new cars and light duty trucks, including sport utility
vehicles. The Federal rules are being phased in between 2004 and 2009.
The EPA has estimated that, by the end of the phase-in period, the
following vehicle NOX emission reductions will
[[Page 26064]]
occur: Passenger cars (light duty vehicles) (77 percent); light duty
trucks, minivans, and sports utility vehicles (86 percent; and larger
sports utility vehicles, vans, and heavier trucks (69 to 95 percent).
VOC emission reductions are also expected to range from 12 to 18
percent, depending on vehicle class, over the same period. Although
some of these emission reductions have already occurred by the 2004
attainment year, most of these emission reductions will occur during
the maintenance period for Clark and Floyd Counties.
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines. In July 2000, EPA issued a final rule to
control the emissions from highway heavy duty diesel engines, including
low-sulfur diesel fuel standards. These emission reductions are being
phased in between 2004 and 2007. This rule is expected to result in a
40 percent decrease in NOX emissions from heavy duty diesel
vehicle.
Non-Road Diesel Rule. Issued in May, 2004, this rule generally
applies to new stationary diesel engines used in certain industries,
including construction, agriculture, and mining. In addition to
affecting engine design, this rule includes requirements for cleaner
fuels. It is expected to reduce NOX emissions from these
engines by up to 90 percent, and to significantly reduce particulate
matter and sulfur emissions from these engines in addition to the
NOX emission reduction. This rule did not affect 2004
emissions from these sources, but will limit emissions from new engines
beginning in 2008.
Indiana commits to maintain all existing emission control measures
that affect Clark and Floyd Counties after this area is redesignated to
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. All changes in existing rules
affecting Clark and Floyd Counties and new rules subsequently needed to
provide for the maintenance of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS in Clark and
Floyd Counties will be submitted to the EPA for approval as SIP
revisions.
D. Clark and Floyd Counties Have a Fully Approvable Ozone Maintenance
Plan Pursuant to Section 175A of the CAA
In conjunction with its request to redesignate Clark and Floyd
Counties to attainment of the ozone NAAQS, Indiana submitted a SIP
revision request to provide for maintenance of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS
in Clark and Floyd Counties for at least 10 years after the
redesignation of this area to attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
1. What Is Required in an Ozone Maintenance Plan?
Section 175A of the CAA sets forth the required elements of air
quality maintenance plans for areas seeking redesignation from
nonattainment to attainment of a NAAQS. Under section 175A, a
maintenance plan must demonstrate continued attainment of the
applicable NAAQS for at least 10 years after the Administrator approves
the redesignation to attainment. Eight years after the redesignation,
the State must submit a revised maintenance plan which demonstrates
maintenance of the standard for 10 years following the initial 10 year
maintenance period. To address the possibility of future NAAQS
violations, the maintenance plan must contain such contingency
measures, with a schedule for implementation, as EPA deems necessary,
to assure prompt correction of any future NAAQS violations. The
September 4, 1992, John Calcagni memorandum provides additional
guidance on the content of maintenance plans. An ozone maintenance plan
should, at minimum, address the following items: (1) The attainment of
VOC and NOX emissions inventories; (2) a maintenance
demonstration showing maintenance for the 10 years of the maintenance
period; (3) a commitment to maintain the existing monitoring network;
(4) factors and procedures to be used for verification of continued
attainment; and (5) a contingency plan to prevent and/or correct a
future violation of the NAAQS.
2. Demonstration of Maintenance
IDEM prepared comprehensive VOC and NOX emission
inventories for Clark and Floyd Counties, including point (significant
stationary sources), area (smaller and widely-distributed stationary
sources), mobile on-road, and mobile non-road sources for 2003 (the
base year/attainment year).
As part of the November 15, 2006, redesignation request submittal,
IDEM included a requested revision to the SIP to incorporate a 14-year
ozone maintenance plan which is consistent with the requirements under
section 175A of the CAA. Included in the maintenance plan is a
maintenance demonstration. This demonstration shows maintenance of the
8-hour ozone NAAQS by documenting current and projected VOC and
NOX emissions for both Clark and Floyd Counties and the
entire Louisville nonattainment area and by documenting photochemical
modeling results that support maintenance of the standard in this
area.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ The attainment year can be any of the three consecutive
years in which the area has clean (below violation level) air
quality data (2003, 2004, or 2005 for the Louisville area).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4 specifies the VOC emissions in Clark and Floyd Counties and
the entire nonattainment area for 2003, 2011 and 2020. IDEM chose 2020
as a projection year to meet the 10-year minimum maintenance projection
requirement, allowing several years for the State to complete its
adoption of the ozone redesignation request and ozone maintenance plan
and for the EPA to approve the redesignation request and maintenance
plan. IDEM also chose 2011 as an interim year to demonstrate that VOC
and NOX emissions will remain below the attainment levels
throughout the 14-year maintenance period. The mobile source emission
projections for 2011 and 2020 exclude VOC reductions associated with
Indiana's Clark and Floyd vehicle inspection and maintenance program
that was discontinued at the end of 2006. Indiana's termination of its
inspection and maintenance program in Clark and Floyd Counties will be
the subject of a subsequent Federal Register notice.
Table 5, similar to Table 4, specifies the NOX emissions
in Clark and Floyd Counties and the entire nonattainment area for 2003,
2011 and 2020. Together, the information contained in Tables 4 and 5
and the photochemical modeling results demonstrate that Clark and Floyd
Counties, and the Louisville nonattainment area, should remain in
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS between 2003 and 2020, which is
more than 10 years after EPA is expected to approve the redesignation
of these counties to attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The mobile
source emission projections for 2011 and 2020 exclude NOX
reductions associated with Indiana's Clark and Floyd vehicle inspection
and maintenance program that was discontinued at the end of 2006.
[[Page 26065]]
Table 4.--Attainment Year (2003) and Projected VOC Emissions in Clark
and Floyd Counties and Entire Nonattainment Area
[Tons per summer day]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
Source sector --------------------------------
2003 2011 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point:
Clark and Floyd.................... 4.17 6.61 7.14
Louisville NA...................... 36.62 39.28 39.85
Area:
Clark and Floyd.................... 11.94 12.77 14.59
Louisville NA...................... 35.07 36.93 40.02
On-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd.................... 9.60 6.12 3.98
Louisville NA...................... 40.97 25.69 16.89
Off-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd.................... 3.55 2.35 2.20
Louisville NA...................... 21.17 15.87 15.28
Total:
Clark and Floyd.................... 29.26 27.85 27.91
Louisville NA...................... 133.83 117.77 112.04
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5.--Attainment Year and Projected NOX Emissions in Clark and Floyd
Counties and Entire Nonattainment Area
[Tons per summer day]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
Source sector --------------------------------
2003 2011 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point:
Clark and Floyd.................... 24.26 27.29 28.66
Louisville NA...................... 99.73 78.95 75.97
Area:
Clark and Floyd.................... 1.60 1.71 1.80
Louisville NA...................... 2.53 2.67 2.79
On-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd.................... 20.27 10.20 4.15
Louisville NA...................... 95.51 47.53 19.62
Off-Road Mobile:
Clark and Floyd.................... 5.63 4.43 3.49
Louisville NA...................... 41.01 34.77 27.88
Total:
Clark and Floyd.................... 51.77 43.63 38.10
Louisville NA...................... 238.79 163.92 126.26
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IDEM also notes that the State's EGU NOX emission
control rules stemming from EPA's NOX SIP call, implemented
beginning in 2004, and CAIR, which is to be implemented beginning in
2009 will further lower NOX emissions in upwind areas. This
should result in decreased ozone and ozone precursor transport into
Clark and Floyd Counties. It will also support maintenance of the ozone
standard in Clark and Floyd Counties.
Based upon the data in Table 4, VOC emissions in Clark and Floyd
Counties are projected to decline by about 5% between 2003 and 2020 and
VOC emissions in the entire nonattainment area are projected to decline
by 16%. Based upon the data in Table 5, NOX emissions in
Clark and Floyd Counties are projected to decline by over 26% between
2003 and 2020, and NOX emissions in the entire nonattainment
area are projected to decline by 47%.
Based on the projected VOC and NOX emission reductions
between the attainment year in 2003 and the maintenance year of 2020,
for both Clark and Floyd Counties and the entire Louisville
nonattainment area, we conclude that IDEM has successfully demonstrated
that the 8-hour ozone standard should be maintained in Clark and Floyd
Counties, as well as the entire Louisville nonattainment area through
2020. This is reinforced by photochemical modeling done for Clark and
Floyd Counties. We believe that this is especially likely given the
expected impacts of the NOX SIP call and CAIR. This
conclusion is further supported by the fact that other states in the
eastern portion of the United States are expected to further reduce
regional NOX emissions through implementation of their own
NOX emission control rules for EGUs and other NOX
sources and through implementation of CAIR, reducing ozone and
NOX transport into Clark and Floyd Counties and the entire
Louisville nonattainment area.
3. Monitoring Network
IDEM commits to continue operating and maintaining an approved
ozone monitoring network in Clark and Floyd Counties in accordance with
40 CFR part 58 through the 14-year maintenance period. This will allow
the confirmation of the maintenance of the 8-hour ozone standard in
this area and the triggering of contingency measures if needed.
4. Verification of Continued Attainment
Continued attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS in Clark and Floyd
[[Page 26066]]
Counties depends on the State's efforts toward tracking applicable
indicators during the maintenance period. The State's plan for
verifying continued attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard in Clark
and Floyd Counties consists, in part, of a plan to continue ambient
ozone monitoring in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR part 58.
In addition, IDEM will periodically revise and review the VOC and
NOX emissions inventories for these counties to assure that
emissions growth is not threatening the continued attainment of the 8-
hour ozone standard in this area. Revised emission inventories for this
area will be prepared for 2005, 2008, and 2011 as necessary to comply
with the emission inventory reporting requirements established in the
CAA. The revised emissions will be compared with the 2003 attainment
emissions and the 2020 projected maintenance year emissions to assure
continued maintenance of the ozone standard.
5. Contingency Plan
The contingency plan provisions of the CAA are designed to result
in prompt correction or prevention of violations of the NAAQS that
might occur after redesignation of an area to attainment of the NAAQS.
Section 175A of the CAA requires that a maintenance plan include such
contingency measures as EPA deems necessary to assure that the State
will promptly correct a violation of the NAAQS that might occur after
redesignation. The maintenance plan must identify the contingency
measures to be considered for possible adoption, a schedule and
procedure for adoption and implementation of the selected contingency
measures, and a time limit for action by the State. The State should
also identify specific indicators to be used to determine when the
contingency measures need to be adopted and implemented. The
maintenance plan must include a requirement that the State will
implement all measures with respect to control of the pollutant(s) that
were controlled in the SIP before the redesignation of the area to
attainment. See section 175A(d) of the CAA.
As required by section 175A of the CAA, Indiana commits to review
its maintenance plan eight years after redesignation and to adopt and
expeditiously implement any necessary corrective actions (or
contingency measures). Contingency measures to be considered will be
selected from a comprehensive list of measures deemed appropriate and
effective at the time the selection is made. The contingency plan has
two levels of actions/responses depending on whether a violation of the
8-hour ozone standard is only threatened (Warning Level Response) or
has actually occurred (Action Level Response).
A Warning Level Response will be prompted whenever an annual (1-
year) fourth-high monitored daily peak 8-hour ozone concentration of 89
ppb (or greater) occurs at any monitor in Clark and Floyd Counties, or
a 2-year averaged annual fourth-high daily peak 8-hour ozone
concentration of 85 ppb or greater occurs at any monitor in Clark or
Floyd Counties. A Warning Level Response will consist of a study to
determine whether the monitored ozone level indicates a trend toward
higher ozone levels or whether emissions are increasing, threatening a
future violation of the ozone NAAQS. The study will evaluate whether
the trend, if any, is likely to continue, and, if so, the emission
control measures necessary to reverse the trend, taking into
consideration the ease and timing of implementation, as well as
economic and social considerations. Implementation of necessary
controls will take place as expeditiously as possible, but in no event
later than 12 months from the conclusion of the most recent ozone
season. If new emission controls are needed to reverse the adverse
ozone trend, the procedures for emission control selection under the
Action Level Response will be followed.
An Action Level Response will be triggered when a violation of the
8-hour ozone standard is monitored at any of the monitors in the
maintenance area (when a 3-year average annual fourth-high monitored
daily peak 8-hour ozone concentration of 85 ppb or higher is recorded
at any such monitor). In this situation, IDEM will determine the
additional emission control measures needed to assure future attainment
of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. IDEM will focus on emission control measures
that can be implemented within 18 months from the close of the ozone
season in which the ozone standard violation is monitored.
Adoption of any additional emission control measures prompted by
either of the two response levels will be subject to the necessary
administrative and legal processes dictated by State law. This process
will include publication of public notices, providing the opportunity
for a public hearing, and other measures required by Indiana law for
rulemaking by State environmental boards. If a new emission control
measure is already promulgated and scheduled for implementation at the
Federal or State level, and that emission control measure is determined
to be sufficient to address the air quality problem or adverse trend,
additional local emission control measures may be determined to be
unnecessary. IDEM will submit to the EPA an analysis to demonstrate
that the proposed emission control measures are adequate to return the
area to attainment.
Contingency measures contained in the maintenance plan are those
emission controls or other measures that the State may choose to adopt
and implement to correct existing or possible air quality problems in
Clark and Floyd Counties. These include, but are not limited to, the
following:
i. Lower Reid vapor pressure gasoline requirements;
ii. Broader geographic applicability of existing emission control
measures;
iii. Tightened RACT requirements on existing sources covered by EPA
Control Technique Guidelines (CTGs) issued in response to the 1990 CAA
amendments;
iv. Application of RACT to smaller existing sources;
v. Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance;
vi. One or more Transportation Control Measures sufficient to
achieve at least a 0.5 percent reduction in actual area-wide VOC
emissions, to be selected from the following:
A. Trip reduction programs, including, but not l
