Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; New Jersey; Low Emission Vehicle Program, 13227-13229 [E7-5157]
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 54 / Wednesday, March 21, 2007 / Proposed Rules
PART 7—SPECIAL REGULATIONS,
AREAS OF THE NATIONAL PARK
SYSTEM
1. The authority for part 7 continues
to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1, 3, 9a, 460(q),
462(k); Sec. 7.96 also issued under D.C. Code
8–137 (1981) and D.C. Code 40–721 (1981).
2. Add new paragraph (f)(5) to § 7.96
to read as follows:
§ 7.96
National Capital Region.
*
*
*
*
*
(f) * * *
(5) Parking. Violation of a traffic
control device regulating parking is
punishable by fine. In any violation of
a traffic control device regulating
parking, proof that the described vehicle
was parked in violation, together with
proof that the defendant was at the time
the registered owner of the vehicle, shall
constitute a prima facie presumption
that the registered owner of the vehicle
was the person who committed the
violation.
*
*
*
*
*
Dated: February 9, 2007.
David M. Verhey,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and
Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. E7–5112 Filed 3–20–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310–70–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[Docket No. EPA–R02–OAR–2006–0920,
FRL–8290–1]
Approval and Promulgation of
Implementation Plans; New Jersey;
Low Emission Vehicle Program
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
cprice-sewell on PROD1PC66 with PROPOSALS
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection
Agency is proposing to approve a New
Jersey state implementation plan
revision that adopts California’s second
generation low emission vehicle
program for light-duty vehicles, LEV II.
Clean Air Act section 177 sets forth
requirements by which other states may
adopt new motor vehicle emissions
standards that are identical to
California’s standards. Specifically, the
State’s implementation plan revision
adopts changes to its existing light duty
vehicle rule by incorporating
California’s LEV II program. The
intended effect of this action is to
approve, as consistent with section
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110(a)(2) of the Clean Air Act, a control
strategy that will help New Jersey
achieve attainment of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard for
ozone.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before April 20, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R02–
OAR–2006–0920, by one of the
following methods: https://
www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line
instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: Werner.Raymond@epa.gov.
Fax: 212–637–3901.
Mail: Raymond Werner, Chief, Air
Programs Branch, Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 2 Office, 290
Broadway, 25th Floor, New York, New
York 10007–1866.
Hand Delivery: Raymond Werner,
Chief, Air Programs Branch,
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 2 Office, 290 Broadway, 25th
Floor, New York, New York 10007–
1866. Such deliveries are only accepted
during the Regional Office’s normal
hours of operation. The Regional
Office’s official hours of business are
Monday through Friday, 8:30 to 4:30
excluding Federal holidays.
Instructions: Direct your comments to
Docket ID No. EPA–R02–OAR–2006–
0920. EPA’s policy is that all comments
received will be included in the public
docket without change and may be
made available online at https://
www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information provided, unless
the comment includes information
claimed to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Do not submit information that you
consider to be CBI or otherwise
protected through https://
www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The
https://www.regulations.gov Web site is
an ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which
means EPA will not know your identity
or contact information unless you
provide it in the body of your comment.
If you send an e-mail comment directly
to EPA without going through https://
www.regulations.gov your e-mail
address will be automatically captured
and included as part of the comment
that is placed in the public docket and
made available on the Internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, EPA
recommends that you include your
name and other contact information in
the body of your comment and with any
disk or CD–ROM you submit. If EPA
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, EPA may not be
able to consider your comment.
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Electronic files should avoid the use of
special characters, any form of
encryption, and be free of any defects or
viruses. For additional information
about EPA’s public docket visit the EPA
Docket Center homepage at https://
www.epa.gov/epahome/dockets.htm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Matthew Laurita,
laurita.matthew@epa.gov at the
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 2 Office, Air Programs Branch,
290 Broadway, 25th Floor, New York,
NY 10007–1866, telephone number
(212) 637–3895, fax number (212) 637–
3901.
Copies of the State submittals are
available at the following addresses for
inspection during normal business
hours:
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 2 Office, Air Programs Branch,
290 Broadway, 25th Floor, New York,
New York 10007–1866.
New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection, Public
Access Center, 401 East State Street 1st
Floor, Trenton, New Jersey 08625.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Description of the SIP Revision
A. Background
B. What are the relevant EPA and CAA
requirements?
C. What is the California LEV Program?
D. What is the history and current content
of the New Jersey LEV Program?
II. Proposed EPA Action
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. Description of the SIP Revision
A. Background
Under the Clean Air Act (CAA)
Amendments of 1990, all 21 counties in
New Jersey were designated as
nonattainment with respect to the
former 1-hour ozone National Ambient
Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The
counties were divided into four separate
nonattainment areas with ozone
attainment deadlines varying by area;
however, no counties in New Jersey
were redesignated to attainment prior to
the revocation of the 1-hour ozone
standard on June 15, 2005. On June 15,
2004 all 21 counties in New Jersey were
designated as nonattainment with
respect to the 8-hour ozone NAAQS as
part of either the New York-Northern
New Jersey-Long Island, NY–NJ–CT or
the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic
City, PA–NJ–MD–DE moderate
nonattainment areas. Both of these areas
have attainment dates of no later than
June 2010.
To bring the state into attainment
New Jersey adopted, among other
measures, the National Low Emission
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 54 / Wednesday, March 21, 2007 / Proposed Rules
cprice-sewell on PROD1PC66 with PROPOSALS
Vehicle (NLEV) program on February 3,
1999. The NLEV program was a
voluntary agreement between EPA,
vehicle manufacturers, and the states to
introduce vehicles that met emission
standards that were more stringent than
the Federal Tier 1 standards in effect at
the time. The NLEV program would
only take effect after all auto
manufacturers and a sufficient number
of states ‘‘opted-in’’ to the program. EPA
made an NLEV in-effect finding on
March 2, 1998 (63 FR 11374), after
which participating states submitted
state implementation plan (SIP)
revisions to ensure continuation of the
program. New Jersey submitted an
NLEV SIP revision on February 22,
1999, and EPA issued a direct final rule
to approve New Jersey’s NLEV program
on November 3, 1999 (64 FR 59638).
In January 2004 the New Jersey
Legislature passed legislation requiring
the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection to adopt the
California low emission vehicle (LEV)
program, known as the LEV II program.
Pursuant to this legislation, New Jersey
promulgated regulations to adopt a LEV
program identical to California’s LEV II
program. New Jersey’s regulations
became effective on January 27, 2006.
On June 2, 2006, New Jersey submitted
a SIP revision to EPA, seeking federal
approval of the regulations. New
Jersey’s LEV program will affect lightduty motor vehicles manufactured in
model year 2009 and later.
B. What are the relevant EPA and CAA
requirements?
Section 209(a) of the CAA prohibits
states from adopting or enforcing
standards relating to the control of
emissions from new motor vehicles or
new motor vehicle engines. However,
under section 209(b) of the CAA, EPA
may grant a waiver of the section 209(a)
prohibition to the State of California,
thereby allowing California to adopt its
own motor vehicle emissions standards.
Section 209(b) of the CAA requires
California to show that its standards
will be ‘‘* * * in the aggregate, at least
as protective of public health and
welfare as applicable Federal standards
* * *.’’ Section 209(b) further provides
that EPA will grant a waiver unless it
finds that: (1) The State’s determination
is ‘‘arbitrary and capricious,’’ (2) the
State ‘‘does not need such State
standards to meet compelling and
extraordinary conditions,’’ or (3) the
State’s standards and accompanying
enforcement procedures are ‘‘not
consistent’’ with CAA section 202(a).
Section 177 of the CAA allows other
states to adopt and enforce California’s
standards relating to the control of
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emissions from new motor vehicles,
provided that, among other things, such
state standards are identical to the
California standards for which a waiver
has been granted under CAA section
209(b). In addition to the identicality
requirement, the state must adopt such
standards at least two years prior to the
commencement of the model year to
which the standards will apply. New
Jersey has met the requirements of
section 177.
C. What is the California LEV II
program?
The California Air Resources Board
(CARB) adopted the first generation LEV
regulations in 1990, which were
effective through the 2003 model year.
CARB adopted California’s second
generation LEV regulations (LEV II)
following a November 1998 hearing.
Subsequent to the adoption of the LEV
II program in February 2000, the U.S.
EPA adopted separate Federal standards
known as the Tier 2 regulations (65 FR
6698). In December 2000, CARB
modified the LEV II program to take
advantage of some elements of the
Federal Tier 2 regulations to ensure that
only the cleanest vehicle models would
continue to be sold in California. EPA
granted California a waiver for its LEV
II program on April 22, 2003 (68 FR
19811).
The LEV II regulations expand the
scope of the LEV I regulations by setting
strict fleet-average emission standards
for light-duty, medium-duty (including
sport utility vehicles) and heavy-duty
vehicles. The standards began with the
2004 model year and increase in
stringency through the 2010 model year
and beyond. The LEV II regulations
provide flexibility to auto manufacturers
by allowing them to certify their vehicle
models to one of several different
emissions standards. The different tiers
of increasingly stringent LEV II emission
standards to which a manufacturer may
certify a vehicle are: Low-emission
vehicle (LEV), ultra-low-emission
vehicle (ULEV), super-ultra lowemission vehicle (SULEV), partial zeroemission vehicle (PZEV), advanced
technology partial zero-emission vehicle
(ATPZEV) and zero-emission vehicle
(ZEV).
The manufacturer must show that the
overall fleet for a given model year
meets the specified phase-in
requirements according to the fleet
average non-methane hydrocarbon
requirement for that year. The fleet
average non-methane hydrocarbon
emission limits are progressively lower
with each model year. The program also
requires auto manufacturers to include
a ‘‘smog index’’ label on each vehicle
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sold, which is intended to inform
consumers about the amount of
pollution coming from that vehicle
relative to other vehicles.
In addition to the LEV II
requirements, minimum percentages of
passenger cars and the lightest lightduty trucks marketed in California by a
large or intermediate volume
manufacturer must be ZEVs. This is
referred to as the ZEV mandate.
California has modified the ZEV
mandate several times since it took
effect. Most recently, CARB has put in
place an alternative compliance
program (ACP) to provide auto
manufacturers with several options to
meet the ZEV mandate. The ACP
established ZEV credit multipliers to
allow auto manufacturers to take credit
for meeting the ZEV mandate by selling
more PZEVs and ATPZEVs than they
are otherwise required to sell. On
December 28, 2006, EPA granted
California’s request for a waiver of
federal preemption to enforce
provisions of the ZEV regulations
through model year 2011.
On October 15, 2005, California
amended the LEV II program to include
greenhouse gas (GHG) emission
standards for passenger cars, light-duty
trucks, and medium-duty passenger
vehicles. On December 21, 2005,
California requested that EPA grant a
waiver of preemption under CAA
section 209(b) for its greenhouse gas
emission regulations. As of the date of
this Notice, EPA has not taken action on
California’s request.
D. What is the history and current
content of the New Jersey LEV Program?
On February 3, 1999, New Jersey
adopted the NLEV program. The NLEV
program was a voluntary agreement
between EPA, vehicle manufacturers,
and the states to introduce vehicles that
met emission standards that were more
stringent than the Federal Tier 1
standards in effect at the time. The
NLEV program would only take effect
after all auto manufacturers and a
sufficient number of states ‘‘opted-in’’ to
the program. EPA made an NLEV ineffect finding on March 2, 1998 (63 FR
11374), after which participating states
submitted state implementation plan
(SIP) revisions to ensure continuation of
the program. New Jersey submitted an
NLEV SIP revision on February 22,
1999, and EPA issued a direct final rule
to approve New Jersey’s NLEV program
on November 3, 1999 (64 FR 59638).
On January 27, 2006, New Jersey
amended its low emission vehicle
program to be identical to California’s
LEV II program. New Jersey has adopted
California’s LEV II program, which
E:\FR\FM\21MRP1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 54 / Wednesday, March 21, 2007 / Proposed Rules
includes provisions for light-duty,
medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles,
by incorporating the California LEV II
regulations into the New Jersey
Administrative Code by reference.
New Jersey is requesting that EPA
approve its LEV program regulations as
submitted in its SIP submission. EPA’s
approval would make the program
federally enforceable, further ensuring
that planned emissions reductions will
continue to take place.
cprice-sewell on PROD1PC66 with PROPOSALS
II. Proposed EPA Action
EPA is proposing to approve the
portion of New Jersey’s low emission
vehicle program that is identical to the
California standards for which a waiver
has been granted. However, because the
waiver granted for the ZEV portion of
the program is limited to model year
2011 and earlier vehicles, EPA is
proposing to take no action on the ZEV
component. In addition, EPA is
proposing to take no action on the
greenhouse gas component of the
program.
III. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR
51735, October 4, 1993), this proposed
action is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ and therefore is not subject to
review by the Office of Management and
Budget. For this reason, this action is
also not subject to Executive Order
13211, ‘‘Actions Concerning Regulations
That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use’’ (66 FR 28355, May
22, 2001). This proposed action merely
proposes to approve state law as
meeting Federal requirements and
imposes no additional requirements
beyond those imposed by state law.
Accordingly, the Administrator certifies
that this proposed rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.). Because this rule
proposes to approve pre-existing
requirements under state law and does
not impose any additional enforceable
duty beyond that required by state law,
it does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4).
This proposed rule also does not have
tribal implications because it will not
have a substantial direct effect on one or
more Indian tribes, on the relationship
between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes,
as specified by Executive Order 13175
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15:14 Mar 20, 2007
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(65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000). This
action also does not have federalism
implications because it does not have
substantial direct effects on the States,
on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government, as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999). This action merely
proposes to approve a state rule
implementing a Federal standard, and
does not alter the relationship or the
distribution of power and
responsibilities established in the CAA.
This proposed rule also is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 ‘‘Protection of
Children from Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks’’ (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997), because it is not
economically significant.
In reviewing SIP submissions, EPA’s
role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of
the CAA. In this context, in the absence
of a prior existing requirement for the
State to use voluntary consensus
standards (VCS), EPA has no authority
to disapprove a SIP submission for
failure to use VCS. It would thus be
inconsistent with applicable law for
EPA, when it reviews a SIP submission,
to use VCS in place of a SIP submission
that otherwise satisfies the provisions of
the CAA. Thus, the requirements of
section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) do not
apply. This proposed rule does not
impose an information collection
burden under the provisions of the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Carbon monoxide,
Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen
dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Volatile
organic compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: March 8, 2007.
Alan J. Steinberg,
Regional Administrator, Region 2.
[FR Doc. E7–5157 Filed 3–20–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
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13229
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION
47 CFR Part 73
[DA 07–951; MB Docket No. 07–39, RM–
11360]
Radio Broadcasting Services;
Prineville, OR
Federal Communications
Commission.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: This document requests
comments on a petition for rule making
filed by Terry A. Cowan (‘‘Petitioner’’)
proposing the allotment of Channel
226C3 at Prineville, Oregon. The
proposed coordinates are 44–26–17 NL
and 120–57–12 WL with a site
restriction of 11.4 km (7.1 miles) north
of city reference.
DATES: Comments must be filed on or
before April 23, 2007, and reply
comments on or before May 8, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Federal Communications
Commission, 445 Twelfth Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20554. In addition to
filing comments with the FCC,
interested parties should serve the
Petitioner’s counsel, as follows: William
D. Silva, Esquire, Law Offices of
William D. Silva, 5335 Wisconsin
Avenue, NW., Suite 400, Washington,
DC 20015–2003.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Helen McLean, Media Bureau, (202)
418–2738.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a
summary of the Commission’s Notice of
Proposed Rule Making, MB Docket No.
07–39, adopted February 28, 2007, and
released March 2, 2007. The full text of
this Commission decision is available
for inspection and copying during
normal business hours in the
Commission’s Reference Center, 445
Twelfth Street, SW., Washington, DC
20554. This document may also be
purchased from the Commission’s
duplicating contractors, Best Copy and
Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW.,
Room CY–B402, Washington, DC 20554,
telephone 1–800–378–3160 or https://
www.BCPIWEB.com. This document
does not contain proposed information
collection requirements subject to the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995,
Public Law 104–13. In addition,
therefore, it does not contain any
proposed information collection burden
‘‘for small business concerns with fewer
than 25 employees,’’ pursuant to the
Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of
2002, Public Law 107–198, see 44 U.S.C.
3506(c)(4).
The Provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act of 1980 do not apply to
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 54 (Wednesday, March 21, 2007)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 13227-13229]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-5157]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[Docket No. EPA-R02-OAR-2006-0920, FRL-8290-1]
Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; New Jersey;
Low Emission Vehicle Program
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing to approve a
New Jersey state implementation plan revision that adopts California's
second generation low emission vehicle program for light-duty vehicles,
LEV II. Clean Air Act section 177 sets forth requirements by which
other states may adopt new motor vehicle emissions standards that are
identical to California's standards. Specifically, the State's
implementation plan revision adopts changes to its existing light duty
vehicle rule by incorporating California's LEV II program. The intended
effect of this action is to approve, as consistent with section
110(a)(2) of the Clean Air Act, a control strategy that will help New
Jersey achieve attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard
for ozone.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before April 20, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R02-
OAR-2006-0920, by one of the following methods: https://
www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for submitting
comments.
E-mail: Werner.Raymond@epa.gov.
Fax: 212-637-3901.
Mail: Raymond Werner, Chief, Air Programs Branch, Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 2 Office, 290 Broadway, 25th Floor, New York,
New York 10007-1866.
Hand Delivery: Raymond Werner, Chief, Air Programs Branch,
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 Office, 290 Broadway, 25th
Floor, New York, New York 10007-1866. Such deliveries are only accepted
during the Regional Office's normal hours of operation. The Regional
Office's official hours of business are Monday through Friday, 8:30 to
4:30 excluding Federal holidays.
Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R02-OAR-
2006-0920. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included
in the public docket without change and may be made available online at
https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information
provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you
consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through https://
www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The https://www.regulations.gov Web site
is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know your
identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of
your comment. If you send an e-mail comment directly to EPA without
going through https://www.regulations.gov your e-mail address will be
automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is
placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name
and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any
disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA
may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid
the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of
any defects or viruses. For additional information about EPA's public
docket visit the EPA Docket Center homepage at https://www.epa.gov/
epahome/dockets.htm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Matthew Laurita,
laurita.matthew@epa.gov at the Environmental Protection Agency, Region
2 Office, Air Programs Branch, 290 Broadway, 25th Floor, New York, NY
10007-1866, telephone number (212) 637-3895, fax number (212) 637-3901.
Copies of the State submittals are available at the following
addresses for inspection during normal business hours:
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 Office, Air Programs
Branch, 290 Broadway, 25th Floor, New York, New York 10007-1866.
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Public Access
Center, 401 East State Street 1st Floor, Trenton, New Jersey 08625.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Description of the SIP Revision
A. Background
B. What are the relevant EPA and CAA requirements?
C. What is the California LEV Program?
D. What is the history and current content of the New Jersey LEV
Program?
II. Proposed EPA Action
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. Description of the SIP Revision
A. Background
Under the Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990, all 21 counties
in New Jersey were designated as nonattainment with respect to the
former 1-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The
counties were divided into four separate nonattainment areas with ozone
attainment deadlines varying by area; however, no counties in New
Jersey were redesignated to attainment prior to the revocation of the
1-hour ozone standard on June 15, 2005. On June 15, 2004 all 21
counties in New Jersey were designated as nonattainment with respect to
the 8-hour ozone NAAQS as part of either the New York-Northern New
Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT or the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic
City, PA-NJ-MD-DE moderate nonattainment areas. Both of these areas
have attainment dates of no later than June 2010.
To bring the state into attainment New Jersey adopted, among other
measures, the National Low Emission
[[Page 13228]]
Vehicle (NLEV) program on February 3, 1999. The NLEV program was a
voluntary agreement between EPA, vehicle manufacturers, and the states
to introduce vehicles that met emission standards that were more
stringent than the Federal Tier 1 standards in effect at the time. The
NLEV program would only take effect after all auto manufacturers and a
sufficient number of states ``opted-in'' to the program. EPA made an
NLEV in-effect finding on March 2, 1998 (63 FR 11374), after which
participating states submitted state implementation plan (SIP)
revisions to ensure continuation of the program. New Jersey submitted
an NLEV SIP revision on February 22, 1999, and EPA issued a direct
final rule to approve New Jersey's NLEV program on November 3, 1999 (64
FR 59638).
In January 2004 the New Jersey Legislature passed legislation
requiring the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to
adopt the California low emission vehicle (LEV) program, known as the
LEV II program. Pursuant to this legislation, New Jersey promulgated
regulations to adopt a LEV program identical to California's LEV II
program. New Jersey's regulations became effective on January 27, 2006.
On June 2, 2006, New Jersey submitted a SIP revision to EPA, seeking
federal approval of the regulations. New Jersey's LEV program will
affect light-duty motor vehicles manufactured in model year 2009 and
later.
B. What are the relevant EPA and CAA requirements?
Section 209(a) of the CAA prohibits states from adopting or
enforcing standards relating to the control of emissions from new motor
vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. However, under section 209(b) of
the CAA, EPA may grant a waiver of the section 209(a) prohibition to
the State of California, thereby allowing California to adopt its own
motor vehicle emissions standards. Section 209(b) of the CAA requires
California to show that its standards will be ``* * * in the aggregate,
at least as protective of public health and welfare as applicable
Federal standards * * *.'' Section 209(b) further provides that EPA
will grant a waiver unless it finds that: (1) The State's determination
is ``arbitrary and capricious,'' (2) the State ``does not need such
State standards to meet compelling and extraordinary conditions,'' or
(3) the State's standards and accompanying enforcement procedures are
``not consistent'' with CAA section 202(a).
Section 177 of the CAA allows other states to adopt and enforce
California's standards relating to the control of emissions from new
motor vehicles, provided that, among other things, such state standards
are identical to the California standards for which a waiver has been
granted under CAA section 209(b). In addition to the identicality
requirement, the state must adopt such standards at least two years
prior to the commencement of the model year to which the standards will
apply. New Jersey has met the requirements of section 177.
C. What is the California LEV II program?
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted the first
generation LEV regulations in 1990, which were effective through the
2003 model year. CARB adopted California's second generation LEV
regulations (LEV II) following a November 1998 hearing. Subsequent to
the adoption of the LEV II program in February 2000, the U.S. EPA
adopted separate Federal standards known as the Tier 2 regulations (65
FR 6698). In December 2000, CARB modified the LEV II program to take
advantage of some elements of the Federal Tier 2 regulations to ensure
that only the cleanest vehicle models would continue to be sold in
California. EPA granted California a waiver for its LEV II program on
April 22, 2003 (68 FR 19811).
The LEV II regulations expand the scope of the LEV I regulations by
setting strict fleet-average emission standards for light-duty, medium-
duty (including sport utility vehicles) and heavy-duty vehicles. The
standards began with the 2004 model year and increase in stringency
through the 2010 model year and beyond. The LEV II regulations provide
flexibility to auto manufacturers by allowing them to certify their
vehicle models to one of several different emissions standards. The
different tiers of increasingly stringent LEV II emission standards to
which a manufacturer may certify a vehicle are: Low-emission vehicle
(LEV), ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV), super-ultra low-emission
vehicle (SULEV), partial zero-emission vehicle (PZEV), advanced
technology partial zero-emission vehicle (ATPZEV) and zero-emission
vehicle (ZEV).
The manufacturer must show that the overall fleet for a given model
year meets the specified phase-in requirements according to the fleet
average non-methane hydrocarbon requirement for that year. The fleet
average non-methane hydrocarbon emission limits are progressively lower
with each model year. The program also requires auto manufacturers to
include a ``smog index'' label on each vehicle sold, which is intended
to inform consumers about the amount of pollution coming from that
vehicle relative to other vehicles.
In addition to the LEV II requirements, minimum percentages of
passenger cars and the lightest light-duty trucks marketed in
California by a large or intermediate volume manufacturer must be ZEVs.
This is referred to as the ZEV mandate. California has modified the ZEV
mandate several times since it took effect. Most recently, CARB has put
in place an alternative compliance program (ACP) to provide auto
manufacturers with several options to meet the ZEV mandate. The ACP
established ZEV credit multipliers to allow auto manufacturers to take
credit for meeting the ZEV mandate by selling more PZEVs and ATPZEVs
than they are otherwise required to sell. On December 28, 2006, EPA
granted California's request for a waiver of federal preemption to
enforce provisions of the ZEV regulations through model year 2011.
On October 15, 2005, California amended the LEV II program to
include greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards for passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. On December 21,
2005, California requested that EPA grant a waiver of preemption under
CAA section 209(b) for its greenhouse gas emission regulations. As of
the date of this Notice, EPA has not taken action on California's
request.
D. What is the history and current content of the New Jersey LEV
Program?
On February 3, 1999, New Jersey adopted the NLEV program. The NLEV
program was a voluntary agreement between EPA, vehicle manufacturers,
and the states to introduce vehicles that met emission standards that
were more stringent than the Federal Tier 1 standards in effect at the
time. The NLEV program would only take effect after all auto
manufacturers and a sufficient number of states ``opted-in'' to the
program. EPA made an NLEV in-effect finding on March 2, 1998 (63 FR
11374), after which participating states submitted state implementation
plan (SIP) revisions to ensure continuation of the program. New Jersey
submitted an NLEV SIP revision on February 22, 1999, and EPA issued a
direct final rule to approve New Jersey's NLEV program on November 3,
1999 (64 FR 59638).
On January 27, 2006, New Jersey amended its low emission vehicle
program to be identical to California's LEV II program. New Jersey has
adopted California's LEV II program, which
[[Page 13229]]
includes provisions for light-duty, medium-duty and heavy-duty
vehicles, by incorporating the California LEV II regulations into the
New Jersey Administrative Code by reference.
New Jersey is requesting that EPA approve its LEV program
regulations as submitted in its SIP submission. EPA's approval would
make the program federally enforceable, further ensuring that planned
emissions reductions will continue to take place.
II. Proposed EPA Action
EPA is proposing to approve the portion of New Jersey's low
emission vehicle program that is identical to the California standards
for which a waiver has been granted. However, because the waiver
granted for the ZEV portion of the program is limited to model year
2011 and earlier vehicles, EPA is proposing to take no action on the
ZEV component. In addition, EPA is proposing to take no action on the
greenhouse gas component of the program.
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this
proposed action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' and
therefore is not subject to review by the Office of Management and
Budget. For this reason, this action is also not subject to Executive
Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001). This
proposed action merely proposes to approve state law as meeting Federal
requirements and imposes no additional requirements beyond those
imposed by state law. Accordingly, the Administrator certifies that
this proposed rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). Because this rule proposes to approve pre-
existing requirements under state law and does not impose any
additional enforceable duty beyond that required by state law, it does
not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect
small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of
1995 (Pub. L. 104-4).
This proposed rule also does not have tribal implications because
it will not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian
tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian
tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between
the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified by Executive
Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000). This action also does not
have federalism implications because it does not have substantial
direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified
in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). This action
merely proposes to approve a state rule implementing a Federal
standard, and does not alter the relationship or the distribution of
power and responsibilities established in the CAA. This proposed rule
also is not subject to Executive Order 13045 ``Protection of Children
from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April
23, 1997), because it is not economically significant.
In reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state
choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. In this
context, in the absence of a prior existing requirement for the State
to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS), EPA has no authority to
disapprove a SIP submission for failure to use VCS. It would thus be
inconsistent with applicable law for EPA, when it reviews a SIP
submission, to use VCS in place of a SIP submission that otherwise
satisfies the provisions of the CAA. Thus, the requirements of section
12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
(15 U.S.C. 272 note) do not apply. This proposed rule does not impose
an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide,
Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: March 8, 2007.
Alan J. Steinberg,
Regional Administrator, Region 2.
[FR Doc. E7-5157 Filed 3-20-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P