Organization; Standards of Conduct and Referral of Known or Suspected Criminal Violations; Eligibility and Scope of Financing; Loan Policies and Operations; Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations, and Funding Operations; Regulatory Burden; Effective Date, 5606-5607 [E7-1950]
Download as PDF
5606
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 25 / Wednesday, February 7, 2007 / Rules and Regulations
Forum had crossed the $1,000 threshold
through expenditures or contributions.
Consequently, the Commission did not
undertake a major purpose analysis for
the Leadership Forum.
All of these cases taken together
illustrate (1) The Commission’s
commitment to enforcing FECA’s
requirements for political committee
status as well as (2) the need for an
examination of an organization’s
activities under the major purpose
doctrine, regardless of a particular
organization’s tax status.
5. The Advisory Opinion Process
rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES
Any entity that remains unclear about
the application of FECA to its
prospective activities may request an
advisory opinion from the Commission.
See 2 U.S.C. 437f; 11 CFR part 112.
Through advisory opinions, the
Commission can further explain the
application of the law and provide
guidance to an organization about how
the Commission would apply the major
purpose doctrine to its proposed
activities, and whether the organization
must register as a political committee.29
Under FECA, the Commission is
required to provide an advisory opinion
within 60 days of receiving a complete
written request and, in some instances,
within 20 days. See 2 U.S.C. 437f(a); 11
CFR 112.4(a) and (b). Moreover, the
Commission’s legal analysis and
conclusions in an advisory opinion may
be relied upon not only by the
requestor, but also by any person whose
activity ‘‘is indistinguishable in all its
material aspects’’ from the activity in
the advisory opinion. See 2 U.S.C.
437f(c); 11 CFR 112.5(a)(2). The
Commission has considered the major
purpose doctrine in prior advisory
opinions when assessing whether an
organization is a political committee.30
The advisory opinion process is an
effective means by which the
Commission clarifies the law because it
allows an entity to ask the Commission
for specific advice about the factual
situation with which the entity is
concerned, often in advance of the
entity engaging in the contemplated
activities.
29 See McConnell, 540 U.S. at 170 n.64 (holding
portions of BCRA were not unconstitutionally
vague, in part because ‘‘should plaintiffs feel that
they need further guidance, they are able to seek
advisory opinions for clarification * * * and
thereby ‘remove any doubt there may be as to the
meaning of the law’’’ (internal citation omitted)).
30 See Advisory Opinions 2006–20 (Unity 08);
2005–16 (Fired Up); 1996–13 (Townhouse
Associates); 1996–3 (Breeden-Schmidt Foundation);
1995–11 (Hawthorn Group); 1994–25 (Libertarian
National Committee) and 1988–22 (San Joaquin
Valley Republican Associates).
VerDate Aug<31>2005
18:30 Feb 06, 2007
Jkt 211001
Conclusion
By adopting a new regulation by
which an organization may be required
to register as a political committee based
on its solicitations, and by tightening
the rules governing how registered
political committees fund solicitations,
voter drives and campaign
advertisements, the 2004 Final Rules
bolstered FECA against circumvention
not just by one kind of organization, but
by groups of all kinds. As discussed
above, the Commission’s decision not to
establish a political committee
definition singling out 527 organizations
is informed by the statutory scheme,
Supreme Court precedent, and
Congressional action regarding 527
organizations. Accordingly, the
Commission will continue to utilize the
political committee framework provided
by Congress in FECA, as modified by
the Supreme Court.
Pursuant to FECA and Supreme Court
precedent, the Commission will
continue to determine political
committee status based on whether an
organization (1) Received contributions
or made expenditures in excess of
$1,000 during a calendar year, and (2)
whether that organization’s major
purpose was campaign activity. See 2
U.S.C. 431(4)(A); Buckley, 424 U.S. at
79; MCFL, 479 U.S. at 262. When
analyzing a group’s contributions, the
Commission will consider whether any
of an organization’s solicitations
generated contributions because the
solicitations indicated that any portion
of the funds received would be used to
support or oppose the election of a
clearly identified Federal candidate. See
11 CFR 100.57. Additionally, the
Commission will analyze whether
expenditures for any of an
organization’s communications made
independently of a candidate
constituted express advocacy either
under 11 CFR 100.22(a), or the broader
definition at 11 CFR 100.22(b).
As evidenced by the Commission’s
recent enforcement actions, together
with guidance provided through
publicly available advisory opinions
and filings in civil enforcement cases,
this framework provides the
Commission with a very effective
mechanism for regulating organizations
that should be registered as political
committees under FECA, regardless of
that organization’s tax status. The
Commission’s new and amended rules,
together with this Supplemental
Explanation and Justification, as well as
the Commission’s recent enforcement
actions, places the regulated community
on notice of the state of the law
regarding expenditures, the major
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
purpose doctrine, and solicitations
resulting in contributions. In addition,
any group unclear about the application
of FECA to its prospective activities may
request an advisory opinion from the
Commission. See 2 U.S.C. 437f; 11 CFR
part 112.
Dated: February 1, 2007.
Robert D. Lenhard,
Chairman, Federal Election Commission.
[FR Doc. E7–1936 Filed 2–6–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6715–01–P
FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
12 CFR Parts 611, 612, 613, 614, and
615
RIN 3052–AC15
Organization; Standards of Conduct
and Referral of Known or Suspected
Criminal Violations; Eligibility and
Scope of Financing; Loan Policies and
Operations; Funding and Fiscal
Affairs, Loan Policies and Operations,
and Funding Operations; Regulatory
Burden; Effective Date
Farm Credit Administration.
Notice of effective date.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
SUMMARY: The Farm Credit
Administration (FCA) published a final
rule under parts 611, 612, 613, 614, and
615 on November 8, 2006 (71 FR 65383).
This final rule reduces regulatory
burden on the Farm Credit System by
repealing or revising regulations and
correcting outdated and erroneous
regulations. In accordance with 12
U.S.C. 2252, the effective date of the
final rule is 30 days from the date of
publication in the Federal Register
during which either or both Houses of
Congress are in session. Based on the
records of the sessions of Congress, the
effective date of the regulations is
February 1, 2007.
EFFECTIVE DATES: The regulation
amending 12 CFR parts 611, 612, 613,
614, and 615, published on November 8,
2006 (71 FR 65383) is effective February
1, 2007.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Jacqueline R. Melvin, Associate Policy
Analyst, Office of Policy and Analysis,
Farm Credit Administration, McLean,
VA 22102–5090, (703) 883–4498, TTY
(703) 883–4434; or Howard I. Rubin,
Senior Counsel, Office of General
Counsel, Farm Credit Administration,
McLean, VA 22102–5090, (703) 883–
4020, TTY (703) 883–4020.
(12 U.S.C. 2252(a)(9) and (10))
E:\FR\FM\07FER1.SGM
07FER1
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 25 / Wednesday, February 7, 2007 / Rules and Regulations
Dated: February 1, 2007.
Roland E. Smith,
Secretary, Farm Credit Administration Board.
[FR Doc. E7–1950 Filed 2–6–07; 8:45 am]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
The Rule
Federal Aviation Administration
This amendment to part 71 of the
Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR
part 71) amends Class E5 airspace at
Covington, GA.
The FAA has determined that this
proposed regulation only involves an
established body of technical
regulations for which frequent and
routine amendments are necessary to
keep them operationally current. It,
therefore, (1) is not a ‘‘significant
regulatory action’’ under Executive
Order 12866; (2) is not a ‘‘significant
rule’’ under DOT Regulatory Policies
and Procedures (44 FR 11034; February
26, 1979); and (3) does not warrant
preparation of a Regulatory Evaluation
as the anticipated impact is so minimal.
Since this is a routine matter that will
only affect air traffic procedures and air
navigation, it is certified that this rule,
when promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the criteria of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act.
14 CFR Part 71
BILLING CODE 6705–01–P
[Docket No. FAA–2006–26086; Airspace
Docket No. 06–ASO–14]
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
13 CFR Part 123
Amendment of Class E Airspace;
Covington, GA
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
RIN 3245–AF46
Disaster Relief to Small Business
Concerns Damaged by Drought
AGENCY:
Small Business Administration
(SBA).
Interim final rule: Notice of
reopening of the comment period.
ACTION:
SUMMARY: On December 15, 2006 SBA
published in the Federal Register an
interim final rule on disaster relief to
small business concerns damaged by
drought (71 FR 75407). This interim
final rule made revisions to the SBA
economic injury disaster loans available
to small businesses that have been
adversely affected by drought, or by
below average water levels in any body
of water that supports commerce by
small business concerns. The original
comment period was from December 15,
2006 through January 16, 2007. SBA is
reopening the comment period until
March 9, 2007 because SBA believes
that affected parties need more time to
adequately respond.
The comment period for the
interim final rule published on
December 15, 2006 (71 FR 75407) is
reopened through March 9, 2007.
DATES:
You may submit comments,
identified by RIN 3245–AF46, by any of
the following methods: (1) Federal
Rulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov, following the
specific instructions for submitting
comments; (2) FAX (202) 481–2226; (3)
E-mail: Herbert.Mitchell@sba.gov; or (4)
Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier: Herbert L.
Mitchell, Associate Administrator for
Disaster Assistance, 409 3rd Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20416.
rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES
Dated: February 1, 2007.
Herbert L. Mitchell,
Associate Administrator/Disaster Assistance.
[FR Doc. E7–1972 Filed 2–6–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8025–01–P
VerDate Aug<31>2005
18:30 Feb 06, 2007
Jkt 211001
SUMMARY: This action amends Class E5
airspace at Covington, GA. As a result
of an evaluation, it has been determined
a modification should be made to the
Covington, GA, Class E5 airspace area to
contain the Nondirectional Radio
Beacon (NDB) Runway 28, Standard
Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP)
to Covington Municipal Airport,
Covington, GA. Additional controlled
airspace extending upward from 700
feet Above Ground Level (AGL) is
needed to contain the SIAP.
DATES: 0901 UTC, May 10, 2007. The
Director of the Federal Register
approves this incorporation by reference
action under 1 CFR Part 51, subject to
the annual revision of FAA Order
7400.9 and publication of conforming
amendments.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mark Ward, Manager, System Support
Group, Eastern Service Center, Federal
Aviation Administration, P.O. Box
20636, Atlanta, Georgia 30320;
telephone (404) 305-5627.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
On December 7, 2006, the FAA
proposed to amend part 71 of the
Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR
part 71) by amending Class E5 airspace
at Covington, GA, (71 FR 70911). This
action provides adequate Class E5
airspace for IFR operations at Covington
Municipal Airport, Covington, GA.
Designations for Class E are published
in FAA Order 7400.9P, dated September
1, 2006, and effective September 15,
2006, which is incorporated by
reference in 14 CFR part 71.1. The Class
E designations listed in this document
will be published subsequently in the
Order.
Interested parties were invited to
participate in this rulemaking
proceeding by submitting written
comments on the proposal to the FAA.
No comments objecting to the proposal
were received.
PO 00000
Frm 00013
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71
Airspace, Incorporation by reference,
Navigation (Air).
Adoption of the Amendment
In consideration of the foregoing, the
Federal Aviation Administration
proposes to amend 14 CFR part 71 as
follows:
I
PART 71—DESIGNATION OF CLASS A,
CLASS B, CLASS C, CLASS D, AND
CLASS E AIRSPACE AREAS;
AIRWAYS; ROUTES; AND REPORTING
POINTS
1. The authority citation for part 71
continues to read as follows:
I
History
ADDRESSES:
5607
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g); 40103, 40113,
40120; E.O. 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959–
1963 Comp., p. 389.
§ 71.1
[Amended]
2. The incorporation by reference in
14 CFR 71.1 of Federal Aviation
Administration Order 7400.9P, Airspace
Designations and Reporting Points,
dated September 1, 2006, and effective
September 15, 2006, is amended as
follows:
I
Paragraph 6005 Class E Airspace Areas
Extending Upward From 700 Feet or More
Above the Surface of the Earth.
*
*
*
*
*
ASO GA E5 Covington, GA [Revised]
Covington Municipal Airport, GA
(Lat. 33°37′57″ N., long. 83°50′58″ W.)
Alcovy NDB
(Lat. 33°37′47″ N., long. 83°46′56″ W.)
E:\FR\FM\07FER1.SGM
07FER1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 25 (Wednesday, February 7, 2007)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 5606-5607]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-1950]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
12 CFR Parts 611, 612, 613, 614, and 615
RIN 3052-AC15
Organization; Standards of Conduct and Referral of Known or
Suspected Criminal Violations; Eligibility and Scope of Financing; Loan
Policies and Operations; Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and
Operations, and Funding Operations; Regulatory Burden; Effective Date
AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration.
ACTION: Notice of effective date.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Farm Credit Administration (FCA) published a final rule
under parts 611, 612, 613, 614, and 615 on November 8, 2006 (71 FR
65383). This final rule reduces regulatory burden on the Farm Credit
System by repealing or revising regulations and correcting outdated and
erroneous regulations. In accordance with 12 U.S.C. 2252, the effective
date of the final rule is 30 days from the date of publication in the
Federal Register during which either or both Houses of Congress are in
session. Based on the records of the sessions of Congress, the
effective date of the regulations is February 1, 2007.
EFFECTIVE DATES: The regulation amending 12 CFR parts 611, 612, 613,
614, and 615, published on November 8, 2006 (71 FR 65383) is effective
February 1, 2007.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jacqueline R. Melvin, Associate Policy
Analyst, Office of Policy and Analysis, Farm Credit Administration,
McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4498, TTY (703) 883-4434; or Howard I.
Rubin, Senior Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Farm Credit
Administration, McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4020, TTY (703) 883-
4020.
(12 U.S.C. 2252(a)(9) and (10))
[[Page 5607]]
Dated: February 1, 2007.
Roland E. Smith,
Secretary, Farm Credit Administration Board.
[FR Doc. E7-1950 Filed 2-6-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6705-01-P