General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds, 50194-50221 [06-7001]

Agencies

• Fish and Wildlife Service
• DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 164 (Thursday, August 24, 2006)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 50194-50221]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-7001]



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Part III





Department of the Interior





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Fish and Wildlife Service



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50 CFR Part 10



General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds; Proposed Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 164 / Thursday, August 24, 2006 / 
Proposed Rules

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 10

RIN 1018-AB72


General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, propose to revise the 
List of Migratory Birds by adding numerous species and removing 
numerous species. Reasons for the proposed changes to the list include 
correcting previous mistakes including misspellings, adding species 
based on new evidence of occurrence in the United States or U.S. 
territories, removing species no longer known to occur within the 
United States, and changing names based on new taxonomy. The net 
increase of 140 species (152 added and 12 removed) brings to 972 the 
total number of species protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 
(MBTA). We regulate most aspects of the taking, possession, 
transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of 
migratory birds. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected 
by the MBTA is essential for regulatory purposes.

DATES: Submit comments on or before October 23, 2006.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments on this proposal in one of the 
following ways:
    (1) By postal mail to Chief, Division of Migratory Bird Management, 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Mail Stop 
4107, Arlington, VA 22203.
    (2) By hand-delivery to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of 
Migratory Bird Management, 4501 North Fairfax Drive, Room 4000, 
Arlington, VA 22203. You can also examine materials available for 
public inspection at this address;
    (3) By fax to (703) 358-2272; or
    (4) By e-mail to mbtabirdlist@fws.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John L. Trapp, (703) 358-1714.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

What Statutory Authority Does the Service Have for This Rulemaking?

    We have statutory authority and responsibility for enforcing the 
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703-711), the Fish and 
Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 712), and the Fish and 
Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-j). The MBTA implements treaties 
between the United States and four neighboring countries for the 
protection of migratory birds, as follows:
    (1) Canada: Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds, 
August 16, 1916, United States-Great Britain (on behalf of Canada), 39 
Stat. 1702, T.S. No. 628;
    (2) Mexico: Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and 
Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, United States-United Mexican States 
(=Mexico), 50 Stat. 1311, T.S. No. 912;
    (3) Japan: Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and 
Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, 
United States-Japan, 25 U.S.T. 3329, T.I.A.S. No. 7990; and
    (4) Russia: Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Birds and 
Their Environment, United States-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 
(=Russia), November 26, 1976, 92 Stat. 3110, T.I.A.S. 9073.

What Is the Purpose of This Rulemaking?

    Our purpose is to inform the public of the species protected by 
regulations implementing the MBTA. These regulations are found in Title 
50, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 10, 20, and 21. We 
regulate most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, 
purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An 
accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is 
essential for regulatory purposes.

Why Is This Amendment to the List of Migratory Birds Necessary?

    The proposed amendment is needed to: (1) Add 2 species covered by 
the Japanese and Russian treaties that were mistakenly omitted from 
previous lists; (2) add 26 species of accidental or casual occurrence 
documented prior to April 1985, but not included in prior lists; (3) 
add 60 species based on new distributional records documenting their 
occurrence in the United States since April 1985; (4) add 27 species 
that occur naturally in the United States only in the Pacific island 
territories of American Samoa, Baker and Howland Islands, Guam, or the 
Northern Mariana Islands; (5) add 37 species newly recognized as a 
result of taxonomic changes; (6) remove 11 species not known to occur 
within the boundaries of the United States; (7) remove 1 species that 
is now treated as a subspecies; (8) change the common (English) names 
of 47 species to conform with accepted usage; (9) change the scientific 
names of 64 species to conform with accepted usage; (10) change the 
common and scientific names of 7 species to conform with accepted 
usage; (11) change the scientific names of 4 species in the 
alphabetical list to conform with accepted usage and to correct 
inconsistencies between the alphabetical and taxonomic lists; (12) 
correct errors in the common (English) name of 2 species; (13) correct 
errors in the scientific names of 3 species in the taxonomic list; and 
(14) change the status of 1 taxon from protected subspecies to non-
protected species (due to lack of natural occurrence in the United 
States or its territories). In accordance with the Migratory Bird 
Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (Pub. L. 108-447) (MBTRA), we also reaffirm 
our determination of March 15, 2005 (70 FR 12710), that the mute swan 
(Cygnus olor), which was never formally listed in 50 CFR 10.13 but was 
treated as protected by the MBTA since December 28, 2001, as the result 
of a court order (Hill v. Norton, 275 F.3d 98 (D.C. Cir. 2001)), is no 
longer afforded protection because it is nonnative and human-
introduced. See Fund for Animals v. Norton, 374 F. Supp. 2d 91 (D.D.C. 
2005) (denying injunction because of the clear language of the MBTRA), 
appeal pending.
    The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR 10.13) was last revised on 
April 5, 1985 (50 FR 13710). In a proposed rule published May 9, 1995 
(60 FR 24686), we suggested updating the List of Migratory Birds by 
adding 20 species, removing 1 species, and revising the common 
(English) or scientific names of 23 previously listed species to 
conform to the most recent nomenclature. The proposed amendments were 
necessitated by five published supplements to the 6th (1983) edition of 
the American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU's) Check-list of North 
American birds. Knowing that additional amendments would be necessary 
following the anticipated publication of a 7th edition of the Check-
list, we elected to delay publication of a final rule until after the 
appearance of the revised Check-list. The 1995 proposed rule generated 
just two public comments, from the American Ornithologists' Union and 
the Association of Scientific Collections. The comments of those 
organizations, mostly editorial in nature, are reflected in this 
document, as appropriate.
    Following publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list in July 
1998, administrative workloads and staff shortages prevented work on a 
final rule

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until September 2000. A followup proposed rule was deemed necessary 
because of the 5-year delay since publication of the initial proposed 
rule, and the many new changes necessitated by the 7th edition of the 
Check-list. In a second proposed rule published October 12, 2001 (66 FR 
52282), we suggested adding 30 species, removing 1 species, and 
revising the common (English) or scientific names of 78 previously 
listed species to conform to accepted usage.
    Of the 116 letters received on the proposed rule of October 12, 
2001, 109 dealt solely with the presumed protective status of the mute 
swan (Cygnus olor) under the MBTA. Of the remaining seven letters, 
three provided comments of a general nature (including recommendations 
for adding or deleting certain species); two expressed general support 
without offering specific comments; one questioned the legality of 
extending MBTA protection to species that do not cross State or 
international boundaries; and one expressed concern about the harvest 
of MBTA-protected shorebirds in the Caribbean. These comments remain 
part of the public record and will be incorporated, as appropriate, 
into the final rule.
    Because of the delay since publication of the 2001 proposed rule, 
plus the many new changes necessitated by six published supplements 
(AOU 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) to the 7th edition of the 
Check-list, we are issuing another proposed rule. This will enhance 
efficiency by allowing the public to review and comment on all of the 
desired changes that have come to light since publication of the 1995 
and 2001 proposed rules.

What Scientific Authorities Are Used To Amend the List of Migratory 
Birds?

    Although bird names (common and scientific) are relatively stable, 
staying current with standardized usage is necessary to avoid confusion 
in communications. We here follow the 7th edition of the American 
Ornithologists' Union's Check-list of North American birds (AOU 1998), 
as amended (AOU 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006), on 
matters of taxonomy, nomenclature, and the sequence of species and 
other higher taxonomic categories (orders, families, subfamilies). For 
the few species that occur outside the geographic area covered by the 
Check-list, we follow Monroe and Sibley (1993).

What Criteria Are Used To Identify Individual Species Protected by the 
MBTA?

    A species qualifies for protection under the MBTA by meeting one or 
more of the following four criteria:
    (1) It (a) Belongs to a family or group of species named in the 
Canadian convention of 1916, as amended in 1996; (b) specimens, 
photographs, videotape recordings, or audiotape recordings provide 
convincing evidence of natural occurrence in the United States or its 
territories; and (c) the documentation of such records has been 
recognized by the AOU or other competent scientific authorities.
    (2) It (a) Belongs to a family of group of species named in the 
Mexican convention of 1936, as amended in 1972; (b) specimens, 
photographs, videotape recordings, or audiotape recordings provide 
convincing evidence of natural occurrence in the United States or its 
territories; and (c) the documentation of such records has been 
recognized by the AOU or other competent scientific authorities.
    (3) It is a species listed in the annex to the Japanese convention 
of 1972, as amended.
    (4) It is a species listed in the appendix to the Russian 
convention of 1976.
    In accordance with the MBTRA, we have not listed species whose 
occurrences in the United States are strictly the result of intentional 
human introduction(s).

How Do the Scientific Names Proposed Here Compare to Those That Appear 
in the Japanese and Russian Treaties?

    The Japanese and Russian treaties list individual species of birds 
that are covered. For 37 of these species, the scientific (genus or 
species) name currently recognized by scientific authorities (AOU 1998, 
1999; Monroe and Sibley 1993) differs from that which appears in the 
treaties. The following cross-reference provides a linkage between the 
scientific names used in this list and those that appear in the annex 
to the Japanese treaty and the appendix to the Russian treaty. The 
first name is the modern equivalent proposed here, and the second name 
is that which appears in one or both of the treaties. These changes 
modernize the regulatory list without revising either the Japanese or 
the Russian treaty (indicated by J and R, respectively):

Accipiter gularis (Japanese Sparrowhawk) is listed as Accipiter 
virgatus (J & R);
Actitis hypoleucos (Common Sandpiper) is listed as Tringa hypoleucos (J 
& R);
Aethia psittacula (Parakeet Auklet) is listed as Cyclorrhynchus 
psittacula (R);
Anas americana (American Wigeon) is listed as Mareca americana (J);
Anas clypeata (Northern Shoveler) is listed as Spatula clypeata (J);
Anas penelope (Eurasian Wigeon) is listed as Mareca penelope (J);
Anous minutus (Black Noddy) is listed as Anous tenuirostris (J);
Anthus rubescens (American Pipit) is listed as Anthus spinoletta (J & 
R);
Branta bernicla (Brant) incorporates Branta nigricans (R);
Calidris alba (Sanderling) is listed as Crocethia alba (J);
Calidris subminuta (Long-toed Stint) is listed as part of Calidris 
minutilla (J);
Carduelis flammea (Common Redpoll) is listed as Acanthis flammea (J);
Carduelis hornemanni (Hoary Redpoll) is included as part of Carduelis 
flammea (J), and is listed as Acanthis hornemanni (R);
Charadrius morinellus (Eurasian Dotterel) is listed as Eudromias 
morinellus (J & R);
Chen caerulescens (Snow Goose) is listed as Anser caerulescens (J);
Chen canagica (Emperor Goose) is listed as Anser canagicus (J), and 
Philacte canagica (R);
Cygnus columbianus (Tundra Swan) incorporates Cygnus bewickii (R);
Egretta sacra (Pacific Reef-Egret) is listed as Demigretta sacra (J);
Ficedula narcissina (Narcissus Flycatcher) is listed as Muscicapa 
narcissina (J);
Fratercula cirrhata (Tufted Puffin) is listed as Lunda cirrhata (J & 
R);
Gallinago gallinago (Common Snipe) is listed as Capella gallinago (R);
Gallinago megala (Swinhoe's Snipe) is listed as Capella megala (R);
Gallinago stenura (Pin-tailed Snipe) is listed as Capella stenura (R);
Heteroscelus brevipes (Gray-tailed Tattler) is included as part of 
Tringa incana (J);
Heteroscelus incanus (Wandering Tattler) is listed as Tringa incana 
(J);
Luscinia calliope (Siberian Rubythroat) is listed as Erithacus calliope 
(J);
Melanitta fusca (White-winged Scoter) incorporates Melanitta deglandi 
(J);
Mergellus albellus (Smew) is listed as Mergus albellus (J & R);
Milvus migrans (Black Kite) is listed as Milvus korschun (R);
Numenius borealis (Eskimo Curlew) is included as part of Numenius 
minutus (J);
Phalaropus lobatus (Red-necked Phalarope) is listed as Lobipes lobatus 
(R);
Phoebastria albatrus (Short-tailed Albatross) is listed as Diomedea 
albatrus (J & R);

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Phoebastria immutabilis (Laysan Albatross) is listed as Diomedea 
immutabilis (J & R);
Phoebastria nigripes (Black-footed Albatross) is listed as Diomedea 
nigripes (J & R);
Pterodroma hypoleuca (Bonin Petrel) is listed as Pterodroma leucoptera 
(R);
Tachycineta bicolor (Tree Swallow) is listed as Iridoprocne bicolor 
(R); and
Turdus obscurus (Eyebrowed Thrush) is listed as Turdus pallidus (R).

How Do the Proposed Changes Affect the List of Migratory Birds?

    The proposed amendments (152 additions, 12 removals, 118 name 
changes, and 9 corrections) will affect a grand total of 290 species 
and result in a net addition of 140 species to the List of Migratory 
Birds, increasing the species total from 832 to 972. Of the 140 species 
that we propose adding to the list, 37 were previously covered under 
the MBTA as subspecies of listed species. These amendments can be 
logically arranged in the following 14 categories:
    (1) Add two species that are included in the Appendix of the 
Russian treaty and in the Annex to the Japanese treaty, respectively; 
the omission of these species in previous lists was an oversight. These 
species also qualify for protection under the Canadian and Mexican 
treaties as members of the families Anatidae and Laridae, respectively:

Duck, Spot-billed, Anas poecilorhyncha; and
Gull, Black-tailed, Larus crassirostris.

    (2) Add 26 species based on review and acceptance by AOU (prior to 
April 1985) of distributional records documenting their occurrence in 
the United States, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. These 
species belong to families covered by the Canadian and Mexican 
treaties. They were excluded from the 1985 list because their 
occurrence was viewed as accidental or casual, a criterion no longer 
viewed as consistent with the MBTA or its underlying treaties. A 
species of accidental or casual occurrence is one whose normal range is 
far enough removed from the United States as to make regular occurrence 
unlikely or improbable (AOU 1983). For each species, we list the 
State(s) in which it has been recorded plus the relevant AOU 
publication(s):

Albatross, Shy, Thalassarche cauta--Washington (AOU 1982, 1983, 1997, 
1998);
Albatross, Wandering, Diomedea exulans--California (AOU 1982, 1983, 
1998);
Bunting, Blue, Cyanocompsa parellina--Louisiana, Texas (AOU 1982, 1983, 
1998);
Bunting, Gray, Emberiza variabilis--Alaska (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Bunting, Little, Emberiza pusilla--Alaska (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Chaffinch, Common, Fringilla coelebs--Maine to Massachusetts (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Crake, Paint-billed, Neocrex erythrops--Louisiana, Texas (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Curlew, Eurasian, Numenius arquata--Massachusetts, New York (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Flycatcher, La Sagra's, Myiarchus sagrae--Alabama, Florida (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Flycatcher, Variegated, Empidonomus varius--Maine, Tennessee (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Gull, Belcher's, Larus belcheri--Florida (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998, 2003);
Hawk, Roadside, Buteo magnirostis--Texas (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Hummingbird, Bumblebee, Atthis heloisa--Arizona (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Martin, Southern, Progne elegans--Florida (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Mockingbird, Bahama, Mimus gundlachii--Florida (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Petrel, Black-winged, Pterodroma nigripennis--Hawaii (AOU 1982, 1983, 
1998);
Petrel, Jouanin's, Bulweria fallax--Hawaii (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Pewee, Hispaniolan, Contopus hispaniolensis--Puerto Rico (AOU 1983, 
1995, 1998);
Pipit, Tree, Anthus trivialis--Alaska (AOU 1982, 1983, 1995);
Rail, Spotted, Pardirallus maculatus--Pennsylvania, Texas (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Scops-Owl, Oriental, Otus sunia--Alaska (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Shearwater, Streaked, Calonectris leucomelas--California (AOU 1982, 
1983, 1998);
Shrike, Brown, Lanius cristatus--Alaska (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998);
Swift, Short-tailed, Chaetura brachyura--U.S. Virgin Islands (AOU 1983, 
1998);
Vireo, Thick-billed, Vireo crassirostris--Florida (AOU 1983, 1998); and
Warbler, Fan-tailed, Euthlypis lachrymosa--Arizona (AOU 1982, 1983, 
1998).

    (3) Add 60 species based on review and acceptance by AOU (since 
April 1985) of new distributional records documenting their occurrence 
in the United States, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. These 
species belong to families covered by the Canadian and Mexican treaties 
and most are considered to be of accidental or casual occurrence. For 
each species, we list the State(s) in which it has been recorded plus 
the relevant AOU publication(s):

Albatross, Black-browed, Thalassarche melanophris--Virginia (AOU 2002);
Albatross, Light-mantled, Phoebetria palpebrata--California (AOU 1997, 
1998);
Bluetail, Red-flanked, Tarsiger cyanurus--Alaska (AOU 1995, 1998);
Bunting, Pine, Emberiza leucocephalos--Alaska (AOU 1995, 1998);
Bunting, Yellow-breasted, Emberiza aureola--Alaska (AOU 1989, 1998);
Bunting, Yellow-throated, Emberiza elegans--Alaska (AOU 2000);
Carib, Purple-throated, Eulampis jugularis--U.S. Virgin Islands (AOU 
1998);
Catbird, Black, Melanoptila glabrirostris--Texas (AOU 1998);
Duck, Muscovy, Cairina moschata--Texas (AOU 1998);
Egret, Little, Egretta garzetta--Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto 
Rico, Virginia (AOU 1998);
Elaenia, Greenish, Myiopagis viridicata--Texas (AOU 1989, 1998);
Flycatcher, Piratic, Legatus leucophalus--Florida, New Mexico, Texas 
(AOU 2002);
Flycatcher, Social, Myiozetetes similis--Texas (AOU 2006);
Flycatcher, Tufted, Mitrephanes phaeocercus--Texas (AOU 1998);
Forest-Falcon, Collared, Micrastur semitorquatus--Texas (AOU 1998);
Frog-Hawk, Gray, Accipiter soloensis--Hawaii (AOU 1997, 1998);
Gallinule, Azure, Porphyrio flavirostris--New York (AOU 1991, 1998, 
2002);
Goose, Lesser White-fronted, Anser erythropus--Alaska (AOU 1995, 1998);
Gull, Gray-hooded, Larus cirrocephalus--Florida (AOU 2002);
Gull, Kelp, Larus dominicanus--Louisiana, Maryland (AOU 2002);
Gull, Yellow-legged, Larus cachinnans--Maryland (AOU 1993, 1998);
Hawk, Crane, Geranospiza caerulescens--Texas (AOU 1998);
Hobby, Eurasian, Falco subbuteo--Alaska (AOU 1985, 1995, 1998);
Hummingbird, Cinnamon, Amazilia rutila--Arizona, New Mexico (AOU 1998);
Hummingbird, Xantus's, Hylocharis xantusii--California (AOU 1998);
Mango, Green-breasted, Anthracothorax prevostii--Texas (AOU 1998);
Martin, Brown-chested, Progne tapera--Massachusetts (AOU 1985, 1995, 
1998);

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Mockingbird, Blue, Melanotis caerulescens--Arizona, Texas (AOU 1998);
Murrelet, Long-billed, Brachyramphus perdix--10 States (AOU 1997, 
1998);
Nightingale-Thrush, Black-headed, Catharus mexicanus--Texas (AOU 2006);
Nightingale-Thrush, Orange-billed, Catharus aurantiirostris--Texas (AOU 
2002);
Owl, Mottled, Ciccaba virgata--Texas (AOU 1989, 1998);
Owl, Stygian, Asio stygius--Texas (AOU 2002);
Petrel, Bermuda, Pterodroma cahow--North Carolina (AOU 1998);
Petrel, Great-winged, Pterodroma macroptera--California (AOU 2004);
Petrel, Stejneger's, Pterodroma longirostris--California, Hawaii (AOU 
1989, 1998);
Pewee, Cuban, Contopus caribeaus--Florida (AOU 2004);
Plover, Collared, Charadrius collaris--Texas (AOU 1998);
Pond-Heron, Chinese, Ardeola bacchus--Alaska (AOU 2000);
Reef-Heron, Western, Egretta gularis--Massachusetts (AOU 1985, 1998);
Robin, Siberian Blue, Luscinia cyane--Alaska (AOU 1987, 1998);
Robin, White-throated, Turdus assimilis--Texas (AOU 1998);
Sandpiper, Green, Tringa ochropus--Alaska (AOU 1985, 1998);
Shearwater, Cape Verde, Calonectris edwardsii--North Carolina (AOU 
2006);
Silky-flycatcher, Gray, Ptilogonys cinereus--Texas (AOU 1998);
Siskin, Eurasian, Carduelis spinus--Alaska (AOU 1995, 1998);
Stilt, Black-winged, Himantopus himantopus--Alaska (AOU 1985, 1998);
Stonechat, Saxicola torquatus--Alaska (AOU 1987, 1998, 2004);
Storm-Petrel, Black-bellied Fregetta tropica--North Carolina (AOU 
2006);
Swallow, Mangrove, Tachycineta albilinea--Florida (AOU 2005);
Swift, Alpine, Apus melba--Puerto Rico (AOU 1998);
Tanager, Flame-colored, Piranga bidentata--Arizona, Texas (AOU 1987, 
1998);
Tern, Great Crested, Thalasseus bergii--Hawaii (AOU 1991, 1998, 2006);
Tern, Whiskered, Chlidonias hybrida--Delaware, New Jersey (AOU 1997, 
1998, 2003);
Tityra, Masked, Tityra semifasciata--Texas (AOU 1998);
Turtle-Dove, Oriental, Streptopelia orientalis--Alaska (AOU 1991, 
1998);
Vireo, Yucatan, Vireo magister--Texas (AOU 1987, 1998);
Wagtail, Citrine, Motacilla citreola--Alabama (AOU 1995, 1998);
Warbler, Crescent-chested, Parula superciliosa--Arizona (AOU 1987, 
1998); and
Woodpecker, Great Spotted, Dendrocopos major--Alaska (AOU 1987, 1998).

    (4) Add 27 species that belong to families covered by the Canadian 
and Mexican treaties, but occur naturally in the United States only in 
the Pacific island territories of American Samoa, Baker and Howland 
Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands (Pratt et al. 1987). We 
also list the territory or territories in which each species is known 
to occur:

Bittern, Black, Ixobrychus flavicollis (Guam);
Cormorant, Little Pied, Phalacrocorax melanoleucos (Northern Marianas);
Crake, Spotless, Porzana tabuensis (American Samoa);
Crow, Mariana, Corvus kubaryi (Guam, Northern Marianas);
Duck, Pacific Black, Anas superciliosa (American Samoa);
Fruit-Dove, Crimson-crowned, Ptilinopus porphyraceus (American Samoa);
Fruit-Dove, Many-colored, Ptilinopus perousii (American Samoa);
Fruit-Dove, Mariana, Ptilinopus roseicapilla (Guam, Northern Marianas);
Greenshank, Nordmann's, Tringa guttifer (Guam);
Ground-Dove, Friendly, Gallicolumba stairi (American Samoa);
Ground-Dove, White-throated, Gallicolumba xanthonura (American Samoa);
Heron, Gray, Ardea cinerea (Northern Marianas);
Imperial-Pigeon, Pacific, Ducula pacifica (American Samoa);
Kingfisher, Collared, Todirhamphus chloris (American Samoa, Northern 
Marianas);
Kingfisher, Micronesian, Todirhamphus cinnamominus (Guam);
Oystercatcher, Eurasian, Haematopus ostralegus (Guam);
Petrel, Gould's, Pterodroma leucoptera (American Samoa);
Petrel, Phoenix, Pterodroma alba (Baker and Howland Islands);
Petrel, Tahiti, Pterodroma rostrata (American Samoa);
Rail, Buff-banded, Gallirallus philippensis (American Samoa);
Rail, Guam, Gallirallus owstoni (Guam);
Storm-Petrel, Matsudaira's, Oceanodroma matsudairae (Guam, Northern 
Marianas);
Storm-Petrel, Polynesian, Nesofregata fuliginosa (American Samoa);
Storm-Petrel, White-bellied, Fregetta grallaria (American Samoa);
Swamphen, Purple, Porphyrio porphyrio (American Samoa);
Swiftlet, Mariana, Aerodramus bartschi (Guam, Northern Marianas); and
Swiftlet, White-rumped, Aerodramus spodiopygius (American Samoa).

    (5) Add 37 species because of recent taxonomic changes in which 
taxa formerly treated as subspecies have been determined to be distinct 
species. Given that each of these species was formerly treated as 
subspecies of a listed species, these additions will not change the 
protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they 
are known. In each case, we reference the AOU publication(s) supporting 
the change:

Coot, Hawaiian, Fulica alai (formerly treated as subspecies of Fulica 
americana, American Coot) [AOU 1993, 1998];
Flicker, Gilded, Colaptes chrysoides (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker) [AOU 1995, 1998];
Flycatcher, Cordilleran, Empidonax occidentalis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Empidonax difficilis, Western [=Pacific-slope] 
Flycatcher) [AOU 1989, 1998];
Gnatcatcher, California, Polioptila californica (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Polioptila melanura, Black-tailed Gnatcatcher) [AOU 1989, 
1998];
Golden-Plover, Pacific, Pluvialis fulva (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Pluvialis dominica, Lesser [=American] Golden-Plover) [AOU 1993, 
1998];
Goose, Cackling, Branta hutchinsii (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Branta canadensis, Canada Goose) [AOU 2004];
Grebe, Clark's, Aechmophorus clarkii (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Grebe) [AOU 1985, 1998];
Heron, Green, Butorides virescens (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Butorides striatus, Green-backed [=Striated] Heron) [AOU 1993, 1998];
Kamao, Myadestes myadestinus (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Phaeornis obscurus, Hawaiian Thrush [=Omao]) [AOU 1985, 1998];
Kite, White-tailed, Elanus leucurus (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Elanus caeruleus, Black-shouldered Kite) (AOU 1983, 1993, 1998);
Loon, Pacific, Gavia pacifica (formerly treated as subspecies of Gavia 
arctica, Arctic Loon) [AOU 1985, 1998];
Magpie, Black-billed, Pica hudsonia (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Pica pica, Black-billed [=Eurasian] Magpie) [AOU 2000];

[[Page 50198]]

Olomao, Myadestes lanaiensis (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Phaeornis obscurus, Hawaiian Thrush [=Omao]) [AOU 1985, 1998];
Oriole, Bullock's, Icterus bullockii (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Icterus galbula, Northern [=Baltimore] Oriole) [AOU 1995, 1998];
Petrel, Hawaiian, Pterodroma sandwichensis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Pterodroma phaeopygia, Dark-rumped [=Galapagos] Petrel) 
[AOU 2002];
Petrel, White-necked, Pterodroma cervicalis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Pterodroma externa, White-necked [=Juan Fernandez] 
Petrel) [AOU 1991, 1998];
Pipit, American, Anthus rubescens (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Anthus spinoletta, Water Pipit (AOU 1989, 1998);
Rosy-Finch, Black, Leucosticte atrata (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Leucosticte arctoa, Rosy Finch) [AOU 1993, 1998];
Rosy-Finch, Brown-capped, Leucosticte australis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Leucosticte arctoa, Rosy Finch) [AOU 1993, 1998];
Rosy-Finch, Gray-crowned, Leucosticte tephrocotis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Leucosticte arctoa, Rosy Finch) [AOU 1993, 1998];
Sapsucker, Red-naped, Sphyrapicus nuchalis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) [AOU 1985, 
1998];
Scrub-Jay, Island, Aphelocoma insularis (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Aphelocoma coerulescens, Scrub [=Florida] Jay [=Scrub-Jay]) [AOU 
1995, 1998];
Scrub-Jay, Western, Aphelocoma californica (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Aphelocoma coerulescens, Scrub [=Florida] Jay [=Scrub-
Jay]) [AOU 1995, 1998];
Snipe, Wilson's, Gallinago delicata (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe) [AOU 2002];
Sparrow, Nelson's Sharp-tailed, Ammodramus nelsoni (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Ammodramus caudacutus, Sharp-tailed [=Saltmarsh Sharp-
tailed] Sparrow) [AOU 1995, 1998];
Spindalis, Puerto Rican, Spindalis portoricensis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Spindalis zena, Stripe-headed [=Western] Tanager 
[=Spindalis]) [AOU 2000];
Thrush, Bicknell's, Catharus bicknelli (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Thrush) [AOU 1995, 1998];
Titmouse, Black-crested, Baeolophus atricristatus (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Parus [=Baeolophus] bicolor, Tufted Titmouse) [AOU 2002];
Titmouse, Juniper, Baeolophus ridgwayi (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Parus Baeolophus] inornatus, Plain [=Oak] Titmouse) [AOU 1997, 
1998];
Towhee, California, Pipilo crissalis (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Pipilo fuscus, Brown Towhee) [AOU 1989, 1998];
Towhee, Spotted, Pipilo maculatus (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Rufous-sided [=Eastern] Towhee) [AOU 1995, 
1998];
Vireo, Cassin's, Vireo cassinii (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Vireo solitarius, Solitary [=Blue-headed] Vireo) [AOU 1997, 1998];
Vireo, Plumbeous, Vireo plumbeus (formerly treated as subspecies of 
Vireo solitarius, Solitary [=Blue-headed] Vireo) [AOU 1997, 1998];
Vireo, Yellow-green, Vireo flavoviridis (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Vireo olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo) [AOU 1987, 1998];
Wagtail, Eastern Yellow, Motacilla tschutschensis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Motacilla flava, Yellow Wagtail) [AOU 2004];
Woodpecker, American Three-toed, Picoides dorsalis (formerly treated as 
subspecies of Picoides tridactylus, Three-toed [=Eurasian Three-toed] 
Woodpecker) [AOU 2003]; and
Woodpecker, Arizona, Picoides arizonae (formerly treated as subspecies 
of Picoides stricklandi, Strickland's Woodpecker) [AOU 2000].

    (6) Remove 11 species based on revised taxonomic treatments and new 
distributional evidence confirming that their known geographic ranges 
lie entirely outside the political boundaries of the United States and 
its territories. In each case, we reference the AOU publication(s) 
supporting these changes:

Finch, Rosy, Leucosticte arctoa (AOU 1993, 1998);
Heron, Green-backed (=Striated), Butorides striatus (AOU 1993, 1998);
Kingbird, Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus (AOU 2002);
Kite, Black-shouldered, Elanus caeruleus (AOU 1983, 1993, 1998);
Magpie, Black-billed (=Eurasian), Pica pica (AOU 2000);
Noddy, Lesser, Anous tenuirostris (AOU 1998; treated as conspecific 
with Black Noddy, Anous minutus);
Petrel, Dark-rumped (=Galapagos), Pterodroma phaeopygia (AOU 2002);
Pipit, Water, Anthus spinoletta (AOU 1983, 1989, 1998);
Wagtail, Yellow, Motacilla flava (AOU 2004);
Woodpecker, Strickland's, Picoides stricklandi (AOU 2000); and
Woodpecker, Three-toed (=Eurasian Three-toed), Picoides tridactylis 
(AOU 2003).

    (7) Remove one former species that is now treated as a subspecies:

Wagtail, Black-backed, Motacilla lugens (lugens will remain protected 
as a subspecies of Motacilla alba, White Wagtail) [AOU 2005].

    (8) Revise the common (English) names of 47 species to conform to 
the most recent nomenclatural treatment. These revisions will not 
change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by 
which they are known. In each case, we reference the published 
source(s) for the name change:

Barn-Owl, Common, Tyto alba, will be changed to Owl, Barn (AOU 1989, 
1998);
Bittern, Chinese, Ixobrychus sinensis, will be changed to Bittern, 
Yellow (AOU 1991, 1998);
Crow, Mexican, Corvus imparatus, will be changed to Crow, Tamaulipas 
(AOU 1997, 1998);
Curlew, Least, Numenius minutus, will be changed to Curlew, Little (AOU 
1987, 1998);
Flycatcher, Gray-spotted, Muscicapa griseisticta, will be changed to 
Flycatcher, Gray-streaked (AOU 2004);
Flycatcher, Western, Empidonax difficilis, will be changed to 
Flycatcher, Pacific-slope (AOU 1989, 1998);
Golden-Plover, Lesser, Pluvialis dominica, will be changed to Golden-
Plover, American (AOU 1993, 1998);
Goose, Ross', Chen rossii, will be changed to Goose, Ross's (AOU 1998);
Gull, Common Black-headed, Larus ridibundus, will be changed to Gull, 
Black-headed (AOU 1995, 1998);
Gull, Ross', Rhodostethia rosea, will be changed to Gull, Ross's (AOU 
1998);
Hawk, Asiatic Sparrow, Accipiter gularis, will be changed to 
Sparrowhawk, Japanese (Monroe and Sibley 1993);
Hawk, Harris', Parabuteo unicinctus, will be changed to Hawk, Harris's 
(AOU 1998);
Hawk-Owl, Northern, Surnia ulula, will be changed to Owl, Northern Hawk 
(AOU 1989, 1998);
Heron, Pacific Reef, Egretta sacra, will be changed to Reef-Egret, 
Pacific (Monroe and Sibley 1993);
Hoopoe, Upupa epops, will be changed to Hoopoe, Eurasian (AOU 1998);

[[Page 50199]]

Jay, Gray-breasted, Aphelocoma ultramarina, will be changed to Jay, 
Mexican (AOU 1995, 1998);
Jay, Scrub, Aphelocoma coerulescens, will be changed to Scrub-Jay, 
Florida (AOU 1995, 1998);
Kite, American Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus, will be changed to 
Kite, Swallow-tailed (AOU 1995, 1998);
Murrelet, Xantus', Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, will be changed to 
Murrelet, Xantus's (AOU 1998);
Nightjar, Jungle, Caprimulgus indicus, will be changed to Nightjar, 
Gray (AOU 2004);
Oldsquaw, Clangula hyemalis, will be changed to Duck, Long-tailed (AOU 
2000);
Oriole, Black-cowled, Icterus dominicensis, will be changed to Oriole, 
Greater Antillean (AOU 2000);
Oriole, Northern, Icterus galbula, will be changed to Oriole, Baltimore 
(AOU 1995, 1998);
Petrel, White-necked, Pterodroma externa, will be changed to Petrel, 
Juan Fernandez (AOU 1991, 1998);
Plover, Great Sand, Charadrius leschenaultii, will be changed to Sand-
Plover, Greater (AOU 2004);
Plover, Mongolian, Charadrius mongolus, will be changed to Sand-Plover, 
Lesser (AOU 2004);
Reed-Bunting, Common, Emberiza schoeniclus, will be changed to Bunting, 
Reed (AOU 1995, 1998);
Reed-Bunting, Pallas', Emberiza pallasi, will be changed to Bunting, 
Pallas's (AOU 1995, 1998);
Sandpiper, Spoonbill, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, will be changed to 
Sandpiper, Spoon-billed (AOU 2004);
Skylark, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis, will be changed to Lark, Sky (AOU 
1995, 1998);
Sparrow, Harris', Zonotrichia querela, will be changed to Sparrow, 
Harris's (AOU 1998);
Sparrow, Sharp-tailed, Ammodramus caudacutus, will be changed to 
Sparrow, Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed (AOU 1995, 1998);
Starling, Ashy, Sturnus cineraceus, will be changed to Starling, White-
cheeked (Monroe and Sibley 1993);
Starling, Violet-backed, Sturnus philippensis, will be changed to 
Starling, Chestnut-cheeked (Monroe and Sibley 1993);
Stint, Rufous-necked, Calidris ruficollis, will be changed to Stint, 
Red-necked (AOU 1995);
Storm-Petrel, Sooty, Oceanodroma tristrami, will be changed to Storm-
Petrel, Tristram's (AOU 1989, 1998);
Swift, Antillean Palm, Tachornis phoenicobia, will be changed to Palm-
Swift, Antillean (AOU 1983, 1998);
Tanager, Stripe-headed, Spindalis zena, will be changed to Spindalis, 
Western (AOU 2000);
Teal, Falcated, Anas falcata, will be changed to Duck, Falcated (AOU 
1997, 1998);
Thrush, Eye-browed, Turdus obscurus, will be changed to Thrush, 
Eyebrowed (AOU 1989, 1998);
Towhee, Brown, Pipilo fuscus, will be changed to Towhee, Canyon (AOU 
1989, 1998);
Towhee, Rufous-sided, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, will be changed to 
Towhee, Eastern (AOU 1995, 1998);
Tree-Pipit, Olive, Anthus hodgsoni, will be changed to Pipit, Olive-
backed (AOU 1995, 1998);
Trogon, Eared, Euptilotis neoxenus, will be changed to Quetzel, Eared 
(AOU 2002);
Vireo, Solitary, Vireo solitarius, will be changed to Vireo, Blue-
headed (AOU 1997, 1998);
Warbler, Elfin Woods, Dendroica angelae, will be changed to Warbler, 
Elfin-woods (AOU 1998); and
Woodpecker, Lewis', Melanerpes lewis, will be changed to Woodpecker, 
Lewis's (AOU 1998).

    (9) Revise the scientific names of 64 species to conform to the 
most recent nomenclature treatment. These revisions will not change the 
protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they 
are known. In each case, we reference the AOU publication(s) 
documenting the name change:

Actitis macularia (Spotted Sandpiper) will be changed to Actitis 
macularius (AOU 2004);
Ajaia ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill) will be changed to Platalea ajaja (AOU 
2002);
Amphispiza quinquestriata (Five-striped Sparrow) will be changed to 
Aimophila quinquestriata (AOU 1997, 1998);
Casmerodius albus (Great Egret) will be changed to Ardea alba (AOU 
1995, 1998);
Catharacta maccormicki (South Polar Skua) will be changed to 
Stercorarius maccormicki (AOU 2000);
Catharacta skua (Great Skua) will be changed to Stercorarius skua (AOU 
2000);
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Willet) will be changed to Tringa 
semipalmata (AOU 2006);
Ceryle torquata (Ringed Kingfisher) will be changed to Ceryle torquatus 
(AOU 2004);
Columba fasciata (Band-tailed Pigeon) will be changed to Patagioenas 
fasciata (AOU 2003);
Columba flavirostris (Red-billed Pigeon) will be changed to Patagioenas 
flavirostris (AOU 2003);
Columba inornata (Plain Pigeon) will be changed to Patagioenas inornata 
(AOU 2003);
Columba leucocephala (White-crowned Pigeon) will be changed to 
Patagioenas leucocephala (AOU 2003);
Columba squamosa (Scaly-naped Pigeon) will be changed to Patagioenas 
squamosa (AOU 2003);
Contopus borealis (Olive-sided Flycatcher) will be changed to Contopus 
cooperi (AOU 1997, 1998);
Cuculus saturatus (Oriental Cuckoo) will be changed to Cuculus optatus 
(AOU 2006);
Cyclorrhynchus psittacula (Parakeet Auklet) will be changed to Aethia 
psittacula (AOU 1997, 1998);
Delichon urbica (Common House-Martin) will be changed to Delichon 
urbicum (AOU 2004);
Diomedea albatrus (Short-tailed Albatross) will be changed to 
Phoebastria albatrus (AOU 1997, 1998);
Diomedea chlororhynchos (Yellow-nosed Albatross) will be changed to 
Thalassarche chlororhynchos (AOU 1997, 1998);
Diomedea immutabilis (Laysan Albatross) will be changed to Phoebastria 
immutabilis (AOU 1997, 1998);
Diomedea nigripes (Black-footed Albatross) will be changed to 
Phoebastria nigripes (AOU 1997, 1998);
Guiraca caerulea (Blue Grosbeak) will be changed to Passerina caerulea 
(AOU 2002);
Heteroscelus brevipes (Gray-tailed Tattler) will be changed to Tringa 
brevipes (AOU 2006);
Heteroscelus incanus (Wandering Tattler) will be changed to Tringa 
incana (AOU 2006);
Helmitheros vermivora (Worm-eating Warbler) will be changed to 
Helmitheros vermivorus (AOU 2004);
Hirundo fulva (Cave Swallow) will be changed to Petrochelidon fulva 
(AOU 1997, 1998);
Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) will be changed to Petrochelidon 
pyrrhonota (AOU 1997, 1998);
Muscicapa narcissina (Narcissus Flycatcher) will be changed to Ficedula 
narcissina (AOU 1991, 1998);
Nesochen sandvicensis (Hawaiian Goose) will be changed to Branta 
sandvicensis (AOU 1993, 1998);
Nyctea scandiaca (Snowy Owl) will be changed to Bubo scandiaca (AOU 
2003);
Nycticorax goisagi (Japanese Night-Heron) will be changed to Gorsachius 
goisagi (Monroe and Sibley 1993);

[[Page 50200]]

Nycticorax violaceus (Yellow-crowned Night-Heron) will be changed to 
Nyctanassa violacea (AOU 1998);
Otus asio (Eastern Screech-Owl) will be changed to Megascops asio (AOU 
2003);
Otus kennicottii (Western Screech-Owl) will be changed to Megascops 
kennicottii (AOU 2003);
Otus nudipes (Puerto Rican Screech-Owl) will be changed to Megascops 
nudipes (AOU 2003);
Otus trichopsis (Whiskered Screech-Owl) will be changed to Megascops 
trichopsis (AOU 2003);
Oxyura dominica (Masked Duck) will be changed to Nomonyx dominicus (AOU 
1997, 1998);
Parus atricapillus (Black-capped Chickadee) will be changed to Poecile 
atricapillus (AOU 1997, 1998, 2003);
Parus bicolor (Tufted Titmouse) will be changed to Baeolophus bicolor 
(AOU 1997, 1998);
Parus carolinensis (Carolina Chickadee) will be changed to Poecile 
carolinensis (AOU 1997, 1998);
Parus gambeli (Mountain Chickadee) will be changed to Poecile gambeli 
(AOU 1997, 1998);
Parus hudsonicus (Boreal Chickadee) will be changed to Poecile 
hudsonica (AOU 1997, 1998, 2000);
Parus rufescens (Chestnut-backed Chickadee) will be changed to Poecile 
rufescens (AOU 1997, 1998);
Parus sclateri (Mexican Chickadee) will be changed to Poecile sclateri 
(AOU 1997, 1998);
Parus wollweberi (Bridled Titmouse) will be changed to Baeolophus 
wollweberi (AOU 1997, 1998);
Phalaropus fulicaria (Red Phalarope) will be changed to Phalaropus 
fulicarius (AOU 2002);
Polyborus plancus (Crested Caracara) will be changed to Caracara 
cheriway (AOU 1993, 1998, 2000);
Porphyrula martinica (Purple Gallinule) will be changed to Porphyrio 
martinica (AOU 2002);
Saurothera vieilloti (Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo) will be changed to 
Coccyzus vielloti (AOU 2006);
Seiurus aurocapillus (Ovenbird) will be changed to Seiurus aurocapilla 
(AOU 2003);
Sterna albifrons (Little Tern) will be changed to Sternula albifrons 
(AOU 2006);
Sterna aleutica (Aleutian Tern) will be changed to Onychoprion 
aleuticus (AOU 2006);
Sterna anaethetus (Bridled Tern) will be changed to Onychoprion 
anaethetus (AOU 2006);
Sterna antillarum (Least Tern) will be changed to Sternula antillarum 
(AOU 2006);
Sterna caspia (Caspian Tern) will be changed to Hydroprogne caspia (AOU 
2006);
Sterna elegans (Elegant Tern) will be changed to Thalasseus elegans 
(AOU 2006);
Sterna fuscata (Sooty Tern) will be changed to Onychoprion fuscatus 
(AOU 2006);
Sterna lunata (Gray-backed Tern) will be changed to Onychoprion lunatus 
(AOU 2006);
Sterna maxima (Royal Tern) will be changed to Thalasseus maximus (AOU 
2006);
Sterna nilotica (Gull-billed Tern) will be changed to Gelochelidon 
nilotica (AOU 2006);
Sterna sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern) will be changed to Thalasseus 
sandvicensis (AOU 2006);
Sula bassanus (Northern Gannet) will be changed to Morus bassanus (AOU 
1989, 1998);
Tiaris olivacea (Yellow-faced Grassquit) will be changed to Tiaris 
olivaceus (AOU 2004); and
Toxostoma dorsale (Crissal Thrasher) will be changed to Toxostoma 
crissale (AOU 1984, 1985, 1998).

    (10) Revise the common (English) and scientific names of seven 
species to conform with the most recent nomenclature treatment. These 
revisions will not change the protective status of any of these taxa, 
only the names by which they are known. In each case, we reference the 
publication(s) supporting the name change:

Cormorant, Olivaceous, Phalacrocorax olivaceus, will be changed to 
Cormorant, Neotropic, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (AOU 1991, 1998);
Egret, Plumed, Egretta intermedia, will be changed to Egret, 
Intermediate, Mesophoyx intermedia (Monroe and Sibley 1993);
Night-Heron, Malay, Nycticorax melanolophus, will be changed to Night-
Heron, Malayan, Gorsachius melanolophus (Monroe and Sibley 1993);
Thrush, Hawaiian, Phaeornis obscurus, will be changed to Omao, 
Myadestes obscurus (AOU 1985, 1998);
Thrush, Small Kauai, Phaeornis palmeri, will be changed to Puaiohi, 
Myadestes palmeri (AOU 1985, 1998);
Tit, Siberian, Parus cinctus, will be changed to Chickadee, Gray-
headed, Poecile cincta (AOU 1998, 2000); and
Titmouse, Plain, Parus inornatus, will be changed to Titmouse, Oak, 
Baeolophus inornatus (AOU 1997, 1998).
    (11) Revise incorrect or invalid scientific names of four species 
in the alphabetical list to reflect the most recent nomenclatural 
treatment and to correct inconsistencies between the alphabetical and 
taxonomic lists:

Kittiwake, Black-legged, Larus tridactyla, will be changed to Rissa 
trydactyla (AOU 1998);
Kittiwake, Red-legged, Larus brevirostris, will be changed to Rissa 
brevirostris (AOU 1998);
Skimmer, Black, Rhynchops niger, will be changed to Rynchops niger (AOU 
1998); and
Thrush, Wood, Hylocichla minima, will be changed to Hylocichla 
mustelina (AOU 1998).

    (12) Revise the common (English) name of two species in the 
alphabetical and taxonomic lists to correct misspellings:

Bittern, Schrenk's, Ixobrychus eurhythmus, will be changed to Bittern, 
Schrenck's (Monroe and Sibley 1993); and
Redstart, Slaty-throated, Myioborus miniatus, will be changed to 
Redstart, Slate-throated (AOU 1998).

    (13) Revise the scientific names of three species in the taxonomic 
list to correct misspellings and inconsistencies between the 
alphabetical and taxonomic lists:
Sialis currucoides (Mountain Bluebird) will be changed to Sialia 
currucoides (AOU 1998);
Sialis mexicana (Western Bluebird) will be changed to Sialia mexicana 
(AOU 1998); and
Sialis sialis (Eastern Bluebird) will be changed to Sialia sialis (AOU 
1998).
    (14) Change the status of one taxon from protected subspecies to 
non-protected species (because there is no known natural occurrence of 
the newly recognized species in the United States or its territories). 
In accordance with the AOU (1998), the Barbary Falcon is currently 
treated as a subspecies (pelegrinoides) of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco 
peregrinus) in 50 CFR 10.13. We propose deferring to the taxonomic 
treatment of Monroe and Sibley (1993) in recognizing F. peregrinus 
pelegrinoides as a distinct species, Falco pelegrinoides, the Barbary 
Falcon. This change will bring our treatment of this taxon into 
conformity with that adopted by the Convention on International Trade 
in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), thereby removing 
an inconsistency between the MBTA (50 CFR 10.13) and CITES (50 CFR 
23.23) lists. This simple taxonomic change will not result in the 
addition or removal of any species from the list:

Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides, a subspecies of the Peregrine Falcon, 
will be changed to Falco

[[Page 50201]]

pelegrinoides, Barbary Falcon (Monroe and Sibley 1993). (The newly 
recognized Barbary Falcon is not subject to the MBTA because its known 
geographic range lies entirely outside the political boundaries of the 
United States and its territories. This action will not change the 
legal status of any other subspecies of the Peregrine Falcon, all of 
which will continue to be protected under the MBTA.)

    For ease of comparison, the proposed changes are summarized in the 
following table (numbers reference the categories treated above). 
Categories that involve name revisions (i.e., 9, 10, and 11) will 
require removal of the old name (left-hand column) and addition of the 
new name (right-hand column). To ensure that these two separate actions 
appear on the same line of the table, we employ brackets to identify 
old (removed) or new (added) names that are listed in correct 
alphabetical order elsewhere in the table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Removed (alphabetically)              Added (alphabetically)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Albatross, Black-browed,
                                          Thalassarche melanophris (3).
Albatross, Black-footed, Diomedea        Albatross, Black-footed,
 nigripes (9).                            Phoebastria nigripes (9).
Albatross, Laysan, Diomedea immutabilis  Albatross, Laysan, Phoebastria
 (9).                                     immutabilis (9).
                                         Albatross, Light-mantled,
                                          Phoebetria palpebrata (3).
Albatross, Short-tailed, Diomedea        Albatross, Short-tailed,
 albatrus (9).                            Phoebastria albatrus (9).
                                         Albatross, Shy, Thalassarche
                                          cauta (2).
                                         Albatross, Wandering, Diomedea
                                          exulans (2).
Albatross, Yellow-nosed, Diomedea        Albatross, Yellow-nosed,
 chlororhynchos (9).                      Thalassarche chlororhynchos
                                          (9).
Auklet, Parakeet, Cyclorrhynchus         Auklet, Parakeet, Aethia
 psittacula (9).                          psittacula (9).
Barn-Owl, Common, Tyto alba (8)........  [see Owl, Barn].
                                         Bittern, Black, Ixobrychus
                                          flavicollis (4).
Bittern, Chinese, Ixobrychus sinensis    Bittern, Yellow, Ixobrychus
 (8).                                     sinensis (8).
Bittern, Schrenk's, Ixobrychus           Bittern, Schrenck's, Ixobrychus
 eurhythmus (12).                         eurhythmus (12).
Bluebird, Eastern, Sialis sialis (13)..  Bluebird, Eastern, Sialia
                                          sialis (13).
Bluebird, Mountain, Sialis currucoides   Bluebird, Mountain, Sialia
 (13).                                    currucoides (13).
Bluebird, Western, Sialis mexicana (13)  Bluebird, Western, Sialia
                                          mexicana (13).
                                         Bluetail, Red-flanked, Tarsiger
                                          cyanurus (3).
                                         Bunting, Blue, Cyanocompsa
                                          parellina (2).
                                         Bunting, Gray, Emberiza
                                          variabilis (2).
                                         Bunting, Little, Emberiza
                                          pusilla (2).
[see Reed-Bunting, Pallas']............  Bunting, Pallas's, Emberiza
                                          pallasi (8).
                                         Bunting, Pine, Emberiza
                                          leucocephalos (3).
[see Reed-Bunting, Common].............  Bunting, Reed, Emberiza
                                          schoeniculus (8).
                                         Bunting, Yellow-breasted,
                                          Emberiza aureola (3).
                                         Bunting, Yellow-throated,
                                          Emberiza elegans (3).
                                         Carib, Purple-throated,
                                          Eulampis jugularis (3).
Caracara, Crested, Polyborus plancus     Caracara, Crested, Caracara
 (9).                                     cheriway (9).
                                         Catbird, Black, Melanoptila
                                          glabrirostris (3).
                                         Chaffinch, Common, Fringilla
                                          coelebs (2).
Chickadee, Black-capped, Parus           Chickadee, Black-capped,
 atricapillus (9).                        Poecile atricapillus (9).
Chickadee, Boreal, Parus hudsonicus (9)  Chickadee, Boreal, Poecile
                                          hudsonica (9).
Chickadee, Carolina, Parus carolinensis  Chickadee, Carolina, Poecile
 (9).                                     carolinensis (9).
Chickadee, Chestnut-backed, Parus        Chickadee, Chestnut-backed,
 rufescens (9).                           Poecile rufescens (9).
[see Tit, Siberian]....................  Chickadee, Gray-headed, Poecile
                                          cincta (10).
Chickadee, Mexican, Parus sclateri (9).  Chickadee, Mexican, Poecile
                                          sclateri (9).
Chickadee, Mountain, Parus gambeli (9).  Chickadee, Mountain, Poecile
                                          gambeli (9).
                                         Coot, Hawaiian, Fulica alai
                                          (5).
                                         Cormorant, Little Pied,
                                          Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
                                          (4).
Cormorant, Olivaceous, Phalacrocorax     Cormorant, Neotropic,
 olivaceus (10).                          Phalacrocorax brasilianus
                                          (10).
                                         Crake, Paint-billed, Neocrex
                                          erythrops (2).
                                         Crake, Spotless, Porzana
                                          tabuensis (4).
                                         Crow, Mariana, Corvus kubaryi
                                          (4).
Crow, Mexican, Corvus imparatus (8)....  Crow, Tamaulipas, Corvus
                                          imparatus (8).
Cuckoo, Oriental, Cuculus saturatus (9)  Cuckoo, Oriental, Cuculus
                                          optatus (9).
                                         Curlew, Eurasian, Numenius
                                          arquata (2).
Curlew, Least, Numenius minutus (8)....  Curlew, Little, Numenius
                                          minutus (8).
[see Teal, Falcated]...................  Duck, Falcated, Anas falcata
                                          (8).
[see Oldsquaw].........................  Duck, Long-tailed, Clangula
                                          hyemalis (8).
Duck, Masked, Oxyura dominica (9)......  Duck, Masked, Nomonyx dominicus
                                          (9).
                                         Duck, Muscovy, Cairina moschata
                                          (3).
                                         Duck, Pacific Black, Anas
                                          superciliosa (4).
                                         Duck, Spot-billed, Anas
                                          poecilorhyncha (1).
Egret, Great, Casmerodius albus (9)....  Egret, Great, Ardea alba (9).
Egret, Plumed, Egretta intermedia (10).  Egret, Intermediate, Mesophoyx
                                          intermedia (10).
                                         Egret, Little, Egretta garzetta
                                          (3).
                                         Elaenia, Greenish, Myiopagis
                                          viridicata (3).
[Falcon, Barbary, Falco peregrinus
 pelegrinoides (=Falco pelegrinoides)]
 (14)..
Finch, Rosy, Leucosticte arctoa (6)....  [see Rosy-Finch]
                                         Flicker, Gilded, Colaptes
                                          chrysoides (5).
                                         Flycatcher, Cordilleran,
                                          Empidonax occidentalis (5).
Flycatcher, Gray-spotted, Muscicapa      Flycatcher, Gray-streaked,
 griseisticta (8).                        Muscicapa griseisticta (8).
                                         Flycatcher, La Sagra's,
                                          Myiarchus sagrae (2).

[[Page 50202]]

 
Flycatcher, Narcissus, Muscicapa         Flycatcher, Narcissus, Ficedula
 narcissina (9).                          narcissina (9).
Flycatcher, Olive-sided, Contopus        Flycatcher, Olive-sided,
 borealis (9).                            Contopus cooperi (9).
Flycatcher, Western, Empidonax           Flycatcher, Pacific-slope,
 difficilis (8).                          Empidonax difficilis (8).
                                         Flycatcher, Piratic, Legatus
                                          leucophalus (3).
                                         Flycatcher, Social, Myiozetetes
                                          similes (3).
                                         Flycatcher, Tufted, Mitrephanes
                                          phaeocercus (3).
                                         Flycatcher, Variegated,
                                          Empidonomus varius (2).
                                         Forest-Falcon, Collared,
                                          Micrastur semitorquatus (3).
                                         Frog-Hawk, Gray, Accipiter
                                          soloensis (3).
                                         Fruit-Dove, Crimson-crowned,
                                          Ptilinopus porphyraceus (4).
                                         Fruit-Dove, Many-colored,
                                          Ptilinopus perousii (4).
                                         Fruit-Dove, Mariana, Ptilinopus
                                          roseicapilla (4).
                                         Gallinule, Azure, Porphyrio
                                          flavirostris (3).
Gallinule, Purple, Porphyrula martinica  Gallinule, Purple, Porphyrio
 (9).                                     martinica (9).
Gannet, Northern, Sula bassanus (9)....  Gannet, Northern, Morus
                                          bassanus (9).
                                         Gnatcatcher, California,
                                          Polioptila californica (5).
Golden-Plover, Lesser, Pluvialis
 dominica (8).
                                         Golden-Plover, American,
                                          Pluvialis dominica (8).
                                         Golden-Plover, Pacific,
                                          Pluvialis fulva (5).
                                         Goose, Cackling, Branta
                                          hutchensii (5).
Goose, Hawaiian, Nesochen sandvicensis   Goose, Hawaiian, Branta
 (9).                                     sandvicensis (9).
                                         Goose, Lesser White-fronted,
                                          Anser erythropus (3).
Goose, Ross', Chen rossii (8)..........  Goose, Ross's, Chen rossii (8).
Grassquit, Yellow-faced, Tiaris          Grassquit, Yellow-faced, Tiaris
 olivacea (9).                            olivaceus (9).
                                         Grebe, Clark's, Aechmophorus
                                          clarkii (5).
                                         Greenshank, Nordmann's, Tringa
                                          guttifer (4).
Grosbeak, Blue, Guiraca caerulea (9)...  Grosbeak, Blue, Passerina
                                          caerulea (9).
                                         Ground-Dove, Friendly,
                                          Gallicolumba stairi (4).
                                         Ground-Dove, White-throated,
                                          Gallicolumba xanthonura (4).
                                         Gull, Belcher's, Larus belcheri
                                          (2).
Gull, Common Black-headed, Larus         Gull, Black-headed, Larus
 ridibundus (8).                          ridibundus (8).
                                         Gull, Black-tailed, Larus
                                          crassirostris (1).
                                         Gull, Gray-hooded, Larus
                                          cirrocephalus (3).
                                         Gull, Kelp, Larus dominicanus
                                          (3).
Gull, Ross', Rhodostethia rosea (8)....  Gull, Ross's, Rhodostethia
                                          rosea (8).
                                         Gull, Yellow-legged, Larus
                                          cachinnans (3).
Hawk, Asiatic Sparrow, Accipiter         [see Sparrowhawk, Japanese]
 gularis (8).
                                         Hawk, Crane, Geranospiza
                                          caerulescens (3).
Hawk, Harris', Parabuteo unicinctus (8)  Hawk, Harris's, Parabuteo
                                          unicinctus (8).
                                         Hawk, Roadside, Buteo
                                          magnirostris (2).
Hawk-Owl, Northern, Surnia ulula (8)...  [see Owl, Northern Hawk]
                                         Heron, Gray, Ardea cinerea (4).
                                         Heron, Green, Butorides
                                          virescens (5).
Heron, Green-backed, Butorides striatus  [see Heron, Green].
 (6).
Heron, Pacific Reef, Egretta sacra (8).  [see Reef-Egret, Pacific].
                                         Hobby, Eurasian, Falco subbuteo
                                          (3).
Hoopoe, Upupa epops (8)................  Hoopoe, Eurasian, Upupa epops
                                          (8).
House-Martin, Common, Delichon urbica    House-Martin, Common, Delichon
 (9).                                     urbicum (9).
                                         Hummingbird, Bumblebee, Atthis
                                          heloisa (2).
                                         Hummingbird, Cinnamon, Amazilia
                                          rutila (3).
                                         Hummingbird, Xantus's,
                                          Hylocharis xantusii (3).
                                         Imperial-Pigeon, Pacific,
                                          Ducula pacifica (4).
Jay, Gray-breasted, Aphelocoma           Jay, Mexican, Aphelocoma
 ultramarina (8).                         ultramarina (8).
Jay, Scrub, Aphelocoma coerulescens (8)  [see Scrub-Jay, Florida].
                                         Kamao, Myadestes myadestinus
                                          (5).
Kingbird, Loggerhead, Tyrannus           Kingfisher, Collared,
 caudifasciatus (6).                      Todirhamphus chloris (4).
                                         Kingfisher, Micronesian,
                                          Todirhamphus cinnamominus (4).
Kingfisher, Ringed, Ceryle torquata (9)  Kingfisher, Ringed, Ceryle
                                          torquatus (9).
Kite, American Swallow-tailed,           Kite, Swallow-tailed, Elanoides
 Elanoides forficatus (8).                forficatus (8).
Kite, Black-shouldered, Elanus           [see Kite, White-tailed].
 caeruleus (6).
                                         Kite, White-tailed, Elanus
                                          leucurus (5).
Kittiwake, Black-legged, Larus           Kittiwake, Black-legged, Rissa
 tridactyla (11).                         trydactyla (11).
Kittiwake, Red-legged, Larus             Kittiwake, ed-legged, Rissa
 brevirostris (11).                       brevirostris (11).
[see Skylark, Eurasian]................  Lark, Sky, Alauda arvensis (8).
Lizard-Cuckoo, Puerto Rican, Saurothera  Lizard-Cuckoo, Puerto Rican,
 vieilloti (9).                           Coccyzus vieilloti (9).
                                         Loon, Pacific, Gavia pacifica
                                          (5).
Magpie, Black-billed (=Eurasian), Pica   [see Magpie, Black-billed, Pica
 pica (6).                                hudsonia].
                                         Magpie, Black-billed, Pica
                                          hudsonia (5).
                                         Mango, Green-breasted,
                                          Anthracothorax prevostii (3).
                                         Martin, Brown-chested, Progne
                                          tapera (3).
                                         Martin, Southern, Progne
                                          elegans (2).
                                         Mockingbird, Bahama, Mimus
                                          gundlachii (2).
                                         Mockingbird, Blue, Melanotis
                                          caerulescens (3).
                                         Murrelet, Long-billed,
                                          Brachyramphus perdix (3).

[[Page 50203]]

 
Murrelet, Xantus', Synthliboramphus      Murrelet, Xantus's,
 hypoleucus (8).                          Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
                                          (8).
Night-Heron, Japanese, Nycticorax        Night-Heron, Japanese,
 goisagi (9).                             Gorsachius goisagi (9).
Night-Heron, Malay, Nycticorax           Night-Heron, Malayan,
 melanolophus (10).                       Gorsachius melanolophus (10).
Night-Heron, Yellow-crowned, Nycticorax  Night-Heron, Yellow-crowned,
 violaceus (9).                           Nyctanassa violacea (9).
Nightjar, Jungle, Caprimulgus indicus    Nightjar, Gray, Caprimulgus
 (8).                                     indicus (8).
                                         Nightingale-Thrush,