Migratory Bird Hunting; Proposed Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations on Certain Federal Indian Reservations and Ceded Lands for the 2006-07 Season, 47461-47478 [06-7026]

Agencies

• Fish and Wildlife Service
• DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 159 (Thursday, August 17, 2006)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 47461-47478]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-7026]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 20

RIN 1018-AU42


Migratory Bird Hunting; Proposed Migratory Bird Hunting 
Regulations on Certain Federal Indian Reservations and Ceded Lands for 
the 2006-07 Season

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (hereinafter, Service or 
we) proposes special migratory bird hunting regulations for certain 
Tribes on Federal Indian reservations, off-reservation trust lands, and 
ceded lands for the 2006-07 migratory bird hunting season.

DATES: We will accept all comments on the proposed regulations that are 
postmarked or received in our office by August 28, 2006.

ADDRESSES: Send your comments on these proposals to the Chief, Division 
of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior, MS MBSP-4107-ARLSQ, 1849 C Street, NW., 
Washington, DC 20240, or fax comments to (703) 358-2272. All comments 
received will become part of the public record. You may inspect 
comments during normal business hours in room 4107, 4501 N. Fairfax 
Drive, Arlington, Virginia.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ron W. Kokel, Division of Migratory 
Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (703) 358-1714.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In the April 11, 2006, Federal Register (71 
FR 18562), we requested proposals from Indian Tribes wishing to 
establish special migratory bird hunting regulations for the 2006-07 
hunting season, under the guidelines described in the June 4, 1985, 
Federal Register (50 FR 23467). In this supplemental proposed rule, we 
propose special migratory bird hunting regulations for 28 Indian 
Tribes, based on the input we received in response to the April 11, 
2006, proposed rule. As described in that document/proposed rule, the 
promulgation of annual migratory bird hunting regulations involves a 
series of rulemaking actions each year. This proposed rule is part of 
that series.
    We developed the guidelines for establishing special migratory bird 
hunting regulations for Indian Tribes in response to tribal requests 
for recognition of their reserved hunting rights and, for some Tribes, 
recognition of their authority to regulate hunting by both tribal and 
nontribal hunters on their reservations. The guidelines include 
possibilities for:
    (1) On-reservation hunting by both tribal and nontribal hunters, 
with hunting by nontribal hunters on some reservations to take place 
within Federal frameworks but on dates different from those selected by 
the surrounding State(s);
    (2) On-reservation hunting by tribal members only, outside of the 
usual Federal frameworks for season dates and length, and for daily bag 
and possession limits; and
    (3) Off-reservation hunting by tribal members on ceded lands, 
outside of usual framework dates and season length, with some added 
flexibility in daily bag and possession limits.
    In all cases, the regulations established under the guidelines must 
be consistent with the March 10 to September 1 closed season mandated 
by the 1916 Convention Between the United States and Great Britain (for 
Canada) for the Protection of Migratory Birds (Treaty). The guidelines 
apply to those Tribes having recognized reserved hunting rights on 
Federal Indian reservations (including off-reservation trust lands) and 
on ceded lands. They also apply to establishing migratory bird hunting 
regulations for nontribal hunters on all lands within the exterior 
boundaries of reservations where Tribes have full wildlife management 
authority over such hunting or where the Tribes and affected States 
otherwise have reached agreement over hunting by nontribal hunters on 
lands owned by non-Indians within the reservation.
    Tribes usually have the authority to regulate migratory bird 
hunting by nonmembers on Indian-owned reservation lands, subject to 
Service

[[Page 47462]]

approval. The question of jurisdiction is more complex on reservations 
that include lands owned by non-Indians, especially when the 
surrounding States have established or intend to establish regulations 
governing hunting by non-Indians on these lands. In such cases, we 
encourage the Tribes and States to reach agreement on regulations that 
would apply throughout the reservations. When appropriate, we will 
consult with a Tribe and State with the aim of facilitating an accord. 
We also will consult jointly with tribal and State officials in the 
affected States where Tribes wish to establish special hunting 
regulations for tribal members on ceded lands.
    Because of past questions regarding interpretation of what events 
trigger the consultation process, as well as who initiates it, we 
provide the following clarification. We routinely provide copies of 
Federal Register publications pertaining to migratory bird management 
to all State Directors, Tribes, and other interested parties. It is the 
responsibility of the States, Tribes, and others to notify us of any 
concern regarding any feature(s) of any regulations. When we receive 
such notification, we will initiate consultation.
    Our guidelines provide for the continued harvest of waterfowl and 
other migratory game birds by tribal members on reservations where such 
harvest has been a customary practice. We do not oppose this harvest, 
provided it does not take place during the closed season defined by the 
Treaty, and does not adversely affect the status of the migratory bird 
resource. Before developing the guidelines, we reviewed available 
information on the current status of migratory bird populations; 
reviewed the current status of migratory bird hunting on Federal Indian 
reservations; and evaluated the potential impact of such guidelines on 
migratory birds. We concluded that the impact of migratory bird harvest 
by tribal members hunting on their reservations is minimal.
    One area of interest in Indian migratory bird hunting regulations 
relates to hunting seasons for nontribal hunters on dates that are 
within Federal frameworks, but which are different from those 
established by the State(s) where the reservation is located. A large 
influx of nontribal hunters onto a reservation at a time when the 
season is closed in the surrounding State(s) could result in adverse 
population impacts on one or more migratory bird species. The 
guidelines make this unlikely, however, because tribal proposals must 
include: (a) Harvest anticipated under the requested regulations; (b) 
methods that will be employed to measure or monitor harvest (such as 
bag checks, mail questionnaires, etc.); (c) steps that will be taken to 
limit level of harvest, where it could be shown that failure to limit 
such harvest would adversely impact the migratory bird resource; and 
(d) tribal capabilities to establish and enforce migratory bird hunting 
regulations. We may modify regulations or establish experimental 
special hunts, after evaluation and confirmation of harvest information 
obtained by the Tribes.
    We believe the guidelines provide appropriate opportunity to 
accommodate the reserved hunting rights and management authority of 
Indian Tribes while ensuring that the migratory bird resource receives 
necessary protection. The conservation of this important international 
resource is paramount. The guidelines should not be viewed as 
inflexible. In this regard, we note that they have been employed 
successfully since 1985. We believe they have been tested adequately 
and, therefore, we made them final beginning with the 1988-89 hunting 
season. We should stress here, however, that use of the guidelines is 
not mandatory and no action is required if a Tribe wishes to observe 
the hunting regulations established by the State(s) in which the 
reservation is located.

Population Status and Harvest

    The following paragraphs provide preliminary information on the 
status of waterfowl and information on the status and harvest of 
migratory shore and upland game birds.

May Breeding Waterfowl and Habitat Survey

    Despite a very warm winter, the quality of habitat for breeding 
waterfowl in the U.S. and Canada is slightly better this year than last 
year. Improvements in Canadian and U.S. prairie habitats were primarily 
due to average to above-average precipitation, warm spring 
temperatures, and carry-over effects from the good summer conditions of 
2005. Improved habitat conditions were reflected in the higher number 
of ponds counted in Prairie Canada this year compared to last year. The 
2006 estimate of ponds in Prairie Canada was 4.4  0.2 
million ponds, a 13% increase from last year's estimate of 3.9  0.2 million ponds and 32% above the 1955-2005 average. The 
parkland and northern grassland regions of southern Manitoba and 
Saskatchewan received abundant rain in March and April, which created 
good to excellent habitat conditions. Higher water tables prevented 
farm activities in wetland basins and excellent residual nesting cover 
remained around the potholes. Many of the wetlands flooded beyond their 
normal basins and into the surrounding uplands. Deeper water in 
permanent and semi-permanent wetlands, coupled with increased amounts 
of flooded emergent vegetation and woodland, likely benefited diving 
ducks and overwater- and cavity-nesting species. However, spring 
precipitation in the grasslands of southern Saskatchewan and 
southwestern Manitoba was insufficient to fill seasonal and semi-
permanent wetlands or create temporary wetlands for waterfowl, leaving 
these regions in fair or poor condition. Above-average precipitation in 
the fall and spring in parts of southern Alberta improved conditions in 
this historically important pintail breeding region. This region has 
been dry since 1998, with the exception of 2003. However, central 
Alberta remained dry.
    Habitat conditions in the U.S. prairies were more variable than 
those in the Canadian prairies. The 2006 pond estimate for the north-
central U.S. (1.6  0.1 million) was similar to last year's 
estimate and the long-term average. The total pond estimate (Prairie 
Canada and U.S. combined) was 6.1  0.2 million ponds. This 
was 13 percent greater than last year's estimate of 5.4  
0.2 million and 26 percent higher than the long-term average of 4.8 
 0.1 million ponds. Habitat quality improved minimally in 
the easternmost regions of North and South Dakota relative to 2005. 
Small areas of the Eastern Dakotas were in good-to-excellent condition, 
helped by warm April temperatures and spring rains that advanced 
vegetation growth by about 2 weeks. However, most of the Drift Prairie, 
the Missouri Coteau, and the Coteau Slope remained in fair to poor 
condition due to lack of temporary and seasonal water and the 
deteriorated condition of semi-permanent basins. Permanent wetlands and 
dugouts were typically in various stages of recession. The Western 
Dakotas were generally in fair condition. Most wetland and upland 
habitats in Montana benefited modestly from average to above-average 
fall and winter precipitation and improvements in nesting habitat last 
year. Spring precipitation in Montana during March and April also 
helped to mitigate several years of drought. A large portion of central 
Montana was in good condition due to ample late winter and early spring 
precipitation. Biologists also noted improvements in upland vegetation 
over previous years. In this central region, most pond basins were

[[Page 47463]]

full and stream systems were flowing. However, nesting habitat was 
largely fair to poor for most of the northern portion of Montana.
    Habitat conditions in most northern regions of Canada were improved 
over last year due to an early ice break-up, warm spring temperatures, 
and good precipitation levels. In northern Saskatchewan, northern 
Manitoba, and western Ontario, winter snowfall was sufficient to 
recharge most beaver ponds and small lakes. Larger lakes and rivers 
tended to have higher water levels than in recent years. Conditions in 
the smaller wetlands were ideal. However, in northern Manitoba and 
northern Saskatchewan, some lakes associated with major rivers were 
flooded, with some flooded well into the surrounding upland vegetation. 
The potential for habitat loss due to flooding caused biologists to 
classify this region as good. In Alberta, water levels improved to the 
north, except for the Athabasca Delta only, where wetlands, especially 
seasonal wetlands, generally had low water levels. Most of the 
Northwest Territories had good water levels. The exceptions were the 
southern part of the Territory where recent heavy rains in May have 
caused some flooding of nesting habitat, and a dry swath across the 
central part of the province. In contrast to most of the survey region 
and to the past few years, spring did not arrive early in Alaska this 
year. Overall, a more normal spring phenology occurred throughout most 
of Alaska and the Yukon Territory, with ice lingering in the following 
regions: The outer coast of the Yukon Delta, the northern Seward 
Peninsula, and on the Old Crow Flats. Some flooding occurred on a few 
major rivers. Overall, good waterfowl production is anticipated this 
year from the northwestern continental area if temperatures remain 
seasonable.
    Spring-like conditions also arrived early in the East, with an 
early ice break-up and relatively mild temperatures. Biologists 
reported that habitat conditions were generally good across most of the 
survey area. Most regions had a warm, dry winter and a dry start to 
spring. Extreme southern Ontario was relatively dry during the survey 
period and habitats were in fair to poor condition. However, 
precipitation after survey completion improved habitat conditions in 
this region. Abundant rain in May improved water levels in Maine, the 
Maritimes, southern Ontario, and Quebec, but caused some flooding in 
southern Ontario and Quebec and along the coast of Maine, New 
Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. In Quebec, a very early spring assured good 
habitat availability. Despite the early spring and the abundance of 
spring precipitation, a dry winter still left most of the marshes and 
rivers drier than in past years. Many bogs were noticeably drier than 
past years or dry entirely in a few cases. Winter precipitation 
increased to the west and north, resulting in generally good levels in 
central and northern Ontario. Conditions were good to excellent in 
central and northern Ontario due to the early spring phenology, 
generally good water levels, and warm spring temperatures.

Status of Teal

    The estimate of blue-winged teal numbers from the Traditional 
Survey Area is 5.9 million. This represents a 28 percent increase from 
2005 and is 30 percent above the 1955-2005 average. By the criteria 
developed for the teal season harvest strategy, this population size 
estimate indicates that a 16-day September teal season is appropriate 
in 2006.

Sandhill Cranes

    The Mid-Continent Population of Sandhill Cranes has generally 
stabilized at comparatively high levels, following increases in the 
1970s. The Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska spring index for 2006, 
uncorrected for visibility bias, was 183,000. The photo-corrected 3-
year average for 2003-05 was 422,133, which is within the established 
population-objective range of 349,000-472,000 cranes. All Central 
Flyway States, except Nebraska, allowed crane hunting in portions of 
their respective States during 2005-06. About 9,950 hunters 
participated in these seasons, which was 8 percent higher than the 
number that participated in the 2004-2005 season. Hunters harvested 
18,575 cranes in the U.S. portion of the Central Flyway during the 
2005-06 seasons, which was 28 percent higher than the estimated harvest 
for the previous year. The retrieved harvest of cranes in hunt areas 
for the Rocky Mountain Population of Sandhill Cranes Arizona, New 
Mexico, Alaska, Canada, and Mexico combined was estimated at 13,587 
during 2005-06. The preliminary estimate for the North American sport 
harvest, including crippling losses, was 36,674, which is 11 percent 
higher than the previous year's estimate of 33,182. The long-term 
(1982-2004) trends indicate that harvests have been increasing at a 
higher rate than population growth.
    The fall 2005 pre-migration survey estimate for the Rocky Mountain 
Population of Greater sandhill Cranes was 20,865, which was 13 percent 
higher than the previous year's estimate of 18,510. The 3-year average 
for 2003-05 is 19,633, which is within established population 
objectives of 17,000-21,000. Hunting seasons during 2005-06 in portions 
of Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming resulted in a 
harvest of 702 cranes, an 18 percent increase from the harvest of 594 
the year before.

Woodcock

    Singing-ground and Wing-collection Surveys were conducted to assess 
the population status of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor). 
Singing-ground Survey data for 2006 indicate that the number of 
displaying woodcock in the Eastern Region in 2006 was unchanged from 
2005; however, the Central Region experienced an 8 percent decline. 
There was no significant trend in woodcock heard in either the Eastern 
or Central Regions during 1996-2006. This represents the third 
consecutive year since 1992 that the 10-year trend estimate for either 
region did not indicate a significant decline. There were long-term 
(1968-2006) declines of 1.9 percent per year in the Eastern Region and 
1.8 percent per year in the Central Region. Wing-collection survey data 
indicate that the 2005 recruitment index for the U.S. portion of the 
Eastern Region (1.6 immatures per adult female) was 17 percent lower 
than the 2004 index, and 1 percent lower than the long-term average. 
The recruitment index for the U.S. portion of the Central Region (1.5 
immatures per adult female) was 9 percent higher than the 2004 index, 
but was 9 percent below the long-term average.

Band-Tailed Pigeons and Doves

    Analyses of Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data over the most recent 10 
years and from 1968-2005 showed no significant long-term trend in 
either time period for the Pacific Coast population of band-tailed 
pigeons. A rangewide mineral site survey conducted in British Columbia, 
Washington, Oregon, and California showed an increase in pigeons 
between 2001 and 2005 of over 10 percent per year. The preliminary 2005 
harvest estimate from the Harvest Information Program (HIP) was 13,500. 
For the Interior band-tailed pigeon population, BBS analyses indicated 
no trend over either time period. The preliminary 2005 harvest estimate 
was 2,700.
    Analyses of Mourning Dove Call-count Survey data over the most 
recent 10 years indicated no significant trend for doves heard in 
either the Eastern or Western Management Units while the Central Unit 
showed a significant decline. Over the 41-year period, 1966-

[[Page 47464]]

2006, all 3 units exhibited significant declines. In contrast, for 
doves seen over the 10-year period, a significant increase was found in 
the Eastern Unit, while no trends were found in the Central and Western 
Units. Over 41 years, no trend was found for doves seen in the Eastern 
and Central Units while a significant decline was indicated for the 
Western Unit. The preliminary 2005 harvest estimate for the United 
States was 22,149,900 doves. A banding project is under-way to obtain 
current information in order to develop mourning dove population models 
for each unit to provide guidance for improving our decision-making 
process with respect to harvest management.
    The two key States with a white-winged dove population are Arizona 
and Texas. California and New Mexico have much smaller populations. In 
Arizona, the white-winged dove population showed a significant decline 
between 1962 and 2005. However, the number of whitewings has been 
fairly stable since the 1970s, but then showed an apparent decline 
since 2000. To adjust harvest with population size, the bag limits, 
season length, and shooting hours have been reduced over the years, 
most recently in 1988. In recent years, the decline is thought to be 
largely due to drought conditions in the State, along with declining 
production of cereal grains. Arizona is currently experiencing the 
greatest drought in recorded history. In 2006, the Call-count index was 
24.7. According to HIP surveys, the 2005 harvest estimate was 110,100.
    In Texas, white-winged doves are now found throughout most of the 
State. A comprehensive dataset for 2006 was not available at this time. 
However, in 2005, the whitewing population in Texas was estimated to be 
2.8 million. The preliminary 2005 HIP harvest estimate was 1,095,100.
    In California, BBS data indicates that there has been a significant 
increase in the population between 1968 and 2005, while no trend was 
indicated over the most recent 10 years. According to HIP surveys, the 
preliminary harvest estimate for 2005 was 63,600. The long-term trend 
for whitewings in New Mexico also shows an increase, while there was no 
trend indicated over 10 years. In 2005, the estimated harvest was 
52,100.
    White-tipped doves are maintaining a relatively stable population 
in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. They are most abundant in 
cities and, for the most part, are not available to hunting. New 
surveys were initiated in 2001. No 2006 data were available at the time 
of this report. However, data from 1987-2005 indicate an apparent 
slight increase over that time period. The count in 2005 averaged 0.95 
birds per stop compared to 0.91 in 2004. The estimated harvest in 2005 
from State surveys during the special 4-day whitewing season was about 
1,300.

Hunting Season Proposals From Indian Tribes and Organizations

    For the 2006-07 hunting season, we received requests from 26 Tribes 
and Indian organizations and communications from an additional 2 Tribes 
from whom we expect to receive proposals. We actively solicit 
regulatory proposals from other tribal groups that are interested in 
working cooperatively for the benefit of waterfowl and other migratory 
game birds. We encourage Tribes to work with us to develop agreements 
for management of migratory bird resources on tribal lands.
    It should be noted that this proposed rule includes generalized 
regulations for both early- and late-season hunting. A final rule will 
be published in a mid-August 2006 Federal Register that will include 
tribal regulations for the early-hunting season.
    The early season generally begins on September 1 each year and most 
commonly includes such species as American woodcock, sandhill cranes, 
mourning doves, and white-winged doves. A final rule will also be 
published in the Federal Register in September 2006 that will include 
regulations for late-season hunting. The late season begins on or 
around September 24 and most commonly includes waterfowl species.
    In this current rulemaking, because of the compressed timeframe for 
establishing regulations for Indian Tribes and because final frameworks 
dates and other specific information are not available, the regulations 
for many tribal hunting seasons are described in relation to the season 
dates, season length, and limits that will be permitted when final 
Federal frameworks are announced for early- and late-season 
regulations. For example, daily bag and possession limits for ducks on 
some areas are shown as the same as permitted in Pacific Flyway States 
under final Federal frameworks, and limits for geese will be shown as 
the same permitted by the State(s) in which the tribal hunting area is 
located.
    The proposed frameworks for early-season regulations were published 
in the Federal Register on July 28, 2006 (71 FR 43008); early-season 
final frameworks will be published in mid-August. Proposed late-season 
frameworks for waterfowl and coots will be published in mid-August, and 
the final frameworks for the late seasons will be published in mid-
September. We will notify affected Tribes of season dates, bag limits, 
etc., as soon as final frameworks are established. As previously 
discussed, no action is required by Tribes wishing to observe migratory 
bird hunting regulations established by the State(s) where they are 
located. The proposed regulations for the 26 Tribes that have submitted 
proposals that meet the established criteria and an additional 2 Tribes 
from whom we expect to receive proposals are shown below.

(a) Colorado River Indian Tribes, Colorado River Indian Reservation, 
Parker, Arizona (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters)

    The Colorado River Indian Reservation is located in Arizona and 
California. The Tribes own almost all lands on the reservation, and 
have full wildlife management authority.
    In their 2006-07 proposal, the Colorado River Indian Tribes 
requested split dove seasons. They propose their early season begin 
September 1 and end September 15, 2006. Daily bag limits would be 10 
mourning or white-winged doves in the aggregate. The late season for 
doves is proposed to open November 11, 2006, and close December 25, 
2006. The daily bag limit would be 10 mourning doves. The possession 
limit would be twice the daily bag limit. Shooting hours would be from 
one-half hour before sunrise to noon in the early season and until 
sunset in the late season. Other special tribally set regulations would 
apply.
    The Tribes also propose duck hunting seasons. The season would open 
October 14, 2006, and run until January 28, 2007. The Tribes propose 
the same season dates for mergansers, coots, and common moorhens. The 
daily bag limit for ducks, including mergansers, would be seven, except 
that the daily bag limits could contain no more than two hen mallards, 
two redheads, two Mexican ducks, two goldeneye, three scaup, and two 
cinnamon teal. The seasons on canvasback and pintail are closed. The 
possession limit would be twice the daily bag limit after the first day 
of the season. The daily bag and possession limit for coots and common 
moorhens would be 25, singly or in the aggregate.
    For geese, the Colorado River Indian Tribes propose a season of 
October 21, 2006, through January 28, 2007. The daily bag limit for 
geese would be three light geese and three dark geese. The possession 
limit would be six light geese and six dark geese after opening day.

[[Page 47465]]

    In 1996, the Tribe conducted a detailed assessment of dove hunting. 
Results showed approximately 16,100 mourning doves and 13,600 white-
winged doves were harvested by approximately 2,660 hunters who averaged 
1.45 hunter-days. Field observations and permit sales indicate that 
fewer than 200 hunters participate in waterfowl seasons. Under the 
proposed regulations described here and, based upon past seasons, we 
and the Tribes estimate harvest will be similar.
    Hunters must have a valid Colorado River Indian Reservation hunting 
permit in their possession while hunting. Other special tribally set 
regulations would apply. As in the past, the regulations would apply 
both to tribal and non-tribal hunters, and nontoxic shot is required 
for waterfowl hunting.
    We propose to approve the Colorado River Indian Tribes regulations 
for the 2006-07 hunting season.

(b) Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Flathead Indian 
Reservation, Pablo, Montana (Tribal and Nontribal Hunters)

    For the past several years, the Confederated Salish and Kootenai 
Tribes and the State of Montana have entered into cooperative 
agreements for the regulation of hunting on the Flathead Indian 
Reservation. The State and the Tribes are currently operating under a 
cooperative agreement signed in 1990 that addresses fishing and hunting 
management and regulation issues of mutual concern. This agreement 
enables all hunters to utilize waterfowl hunting opportunities on the 
reservation.
    As in the past, tribal regulations for nontribal hunters would be 
at least as restrictive as those established for the Pacific Flyway 
portion of Montana. Goose season dates would also be at least as 
restrictive as those established for the Pacific Flyway portion of 
Montana. Shooting hours for waterfowl hunting on the Flathead 
Reservation are sunrise to sunset. Steel shot or other federally 
approved nontoxic shots are the only legal shotgun loads on the 
reservation for waterfowl or other game birds.
    For tribal members the Tribe proposes outside frameworks for ducks 
and geese of September 1, 2006, through March 9, 2007. Daily bag and 
possession limits were not proposed for tribal members.
    The requested season dates and bag limits are similar to past 
regulations. Harvest levels are not expected to change significantly. 
Standardized check station data from the 1993-94 and 1994-95 hunting 
seasons indicated no significant changes in harvest levels and that the 
large majority of the harvest is by non-tribal hunters.
    We propose to approve the Tribes' request for special migratory 
bird regulations for the 2006-07 hunting season.

(c) Crow Creek Sioux Tribe, Crow Creek Indian Reservation, Fort 
Thompson, South Dakota (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters)

    The Crow Creek Indian Reservation has a checkerboard pattern of 
land ownership, with much of the land owned by non-Indians. Since the 
1993-94 season, the Tribe has selected special waterfowl hunting 
regulations independent of the State of South Dakota. The Tribe 
observes migratory bird hunting regulations contained in 50 CFR part 
20.
    We have not yet received the Tribe's 2006 proposal. We assume the 
Tribe will request a duck and merganser season of October 1 to December 
12, 2006, with a daily bag limit of six ducks, including no more than 
five mallards (only two of which may be hens), two redheads, two wood 
ducks, and three scaup. The merganser daily bag limit would be five and 
include no more than one hooded merganser. The daily bag limit for 
coots would be 15. We assume the pintail and canvasback season would 
run from October 1 to November 9, 2006, with a daily bag limit of one 
pintail and one canvasback.
    For Canada geese, we assume the Tribe will propose an October 15, 
2006, to January 17, 2007, season with a three-bird daily bag limit. 
For white-fronted geese, we assume the Tribe will propose a September 
24 to December 18, 2006, season with a daily bag limit of two. For snow 
geese, we assume the Tribe will propose a September 24, 2006, to 
December 29, 2006, season with a daily bag limit of 20.
    Similar to the last several years, we assume the Tribe will also 
request a sandhill crane season from September 10 to October 16, 2006, 
with a daily bag limit of three. We assume the Tribe will propose a 
mourning dove season from September 1 to October 30, 2006, with a daily 
bag limit of 15.
    In all cases, except snow geese, the possession limits would be 
twice the daily bag limit. There would be no possession limit for snow 
geese. Shooting hours would be from one-half hour before sunrise to 
sunset.
    We assume the season and bag limits would be essentially the same 
as last year and as such, the Tribe would expect similar harvest. In 
1994-95, duck harvest was 48 birds, down from 67 in 1993-94. Goose 
harvest during recent past seasons has been less than 100 geese. Total 
harvest on the reservation in 2000 was estimated to be 179 ducks and 
868 geese.
    The Service proposes to approve the request for special migratory 
bird hunting regulations for the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe upon receipt of 
their special migratory bird hunting proposal. We also remind the Tribe 
that all sandhill crane hunters are required to obtain a Federal 
sandhill crane permit. As such, the Tribe should contact us for further 
information on obtaining the needed permits. In addition, as with all 
other groups, we request the Tribe continue to survey and report 
harvest.

(d) Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Cloquet, 
Minnesota (Tribal Members Only)

    Since 1996, the Service and the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior 
Chippewa Indians have cooperated to establish special migratory bird 
hunting regulations for tribal members. The Fond du Lac's May 29, 2006, 
proposal covers land set apart for the band under the Treaties of 1837 
and 1854 in northeast and east-central Minnesota.
    The band's proposal for 2006-07 is essentially the same as that 
approved last year. Specifically, the Fond du Lac Band proposes a 
September 15 to December 3, 2006, season on ducks, mergansers, coots, 
and moorhens, and a September 1 to December 3, 2006, season for geese. 
For sora and Virginia rails, snipe, and woodcock, the Fond du Lac Band 
proposes a September 1 to December 3, 2006, season. The band proposes a 
September 1 to October 30, 2006, season for mourning doves. Proposed 
daily bag limits would consist of the following:
    Ducks: 18 ducks, including no more than 12 mallards (only 6 of 
which may be hens), 3 black ducks, 6 scaup, 4 wood ducks, 6 redheads, 3 
pintails, and 3 canvasbacks.
    Mergansers: 15 mergansers, including no more than 3 hooded 
mergansers.
    Geese: 12 geese.
    Coots and Common Moorhens (Common Gallinules): 20 coots and common 
moorhens, singly or in the aggregate.
    Sora and Virginia Rails: 25 sora and Virginia rails, singly or in 
the aggregate.
    Common Snipe: Eight common snipe.
    Woodcock: Three woodcock.
    Mourning dove: 30 mourning dove.
    The following general conditions apply:
    1. While hunting waterfowl, a tribal member must carry on his/her 
person a valid Ceded Territory License.
    2. Shooting hours for migratory birds are one-half hour before 
sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.

[[Page 47466]]

    3. Except as otherwise noted, tribal members will be required to 
comply with tribal codes that will be no less restrictive than the 
provisions of Chapter 10 of the Model Off-Reservation Code. Except as 
modified by the Service rules adopted in response to this proposal, 
these amended regulations parallel Federal requirements in 50 CFR part 
20 as to hunting methods, transportation, sale, exportation, and other 
conditions generally applicable to migratory bird hunting.
    4. Band members in each zone will comply with State regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas.
    5. There are no possession limits on any species, unless otherwise 
noted above. For purposes of enforcing bag limits, all migratory birds 
in the possession or custody of band members on ceded lands will be 
considered to have been taken on those lands unless tagged by a tribal 
or State conservation warden as having been taken on-reservation. All 
migratory birds that fall on reservation lands will not count as part 
of any off-reservation bag or possession limit.
    The band anticipates harvest will be fewer than 500 ducks and 
geese.
    We propose to approve the request for special migratory bird 
hunting regulations for the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior 
Chippewas.

(e) Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Suttons Bay, 
Michigan (Tribal Members Only)

    In the 1995-96 migratory bird seasons, the Grand Traverse Band of 
Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Service first cooperated to 
establish special regulations for waterfowl. The Grand Traverse Band is 
a self-governing, federally recognized Tribe located on the west arm of 
Grand Traverse Bay in Leelanau County, Michigan. The Grand Traverse 
Band is a signatory Tribe of the Treaty of 1836. We have approved 
special regulations for tribal members of the 1836 treaty's signatory 
Tribes on ceded lands in Michigan since the 1986-87 hunting season.
    For the 2006-07 season, the Tribe requests that the tribal member 
duck season run from September 22, 2006, through January 21, 2007. A 
daily bag limit of 12 would include no more than 2 pintail, 2 
canvasback, 1 hooded merganser, 3 black ducks, 3 wood ducks, 3 
redheads, and 6 mallards (only 3 of which may be hens).
    For Canada and snow geese, the Tribe proposes a September 1 through 
November 30, 2006, and a January 1 through February 8, 2007, season. 
For white-fronted geese and brant, the Tribe proposes a September 20 
through November 30, 2006, season. The daily bag limit for all geese 
(including brant) would be five birds. Based on our information, it is 
unlikely that any Canada geese from the Southern James Bay Population 
will be harvested by the Tribe.
    For woodcock, the Tribe proposes a September 1 through November 14, 
2006, season. The daily bag limit will not exceed five birds. For 
mourning doves, snipe and rails, the Tribe proposes a September 1 
through November 14, 2006, season. The daily bag limit would be 10 per 
species.
    All other Federal regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20 would 
apply. The Tribe proposes to monitor harvest closely through game bag 
checks, patrols, and mail surveys. Harvest surveys from the 2005-06 
hunting season indicated that approximately 15 tribal hunters harvested 
an estimated 80 ducks and 35 Canada geese.
    We propose to approve the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and 
Chippewa Indians requested 2006-07 special migratory bird hunting 
regulations.

(f) Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Odanah, Wisconsin 
(Tribal Members Only)

    Since 1985, various bands of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa 
Indians have exercised judicially recognized off-reservation hunting 
rights for migratory birds in Wisconsin. The specific regulations were 
established by the Service in consultation with the Wisconsin 
Department of Natural Resources and the Great Lakes Indian Fish and 
Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC, which represents the various bands). 
Beginning in 1986, a tribal season on ceded lands in the western 
portion of the State's Upper Peninsula was developed in coordination 
with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and we have approved 
special regulations for tribal members in both Michigan and Wisconsin 
since the 1986-87 hunting season. In 1987, the GLIFWC requested, and we 
approved, special regulations to permit tribal members to hunt on ceded 
lands in Minnesota, as well as in Michigan and Wisconsin. The States of 
Michigan and Wisconsin originally concurred with the regulations, 
although Wisconsin has raised concerns in the past and Michigan now 
annually raises objections. Minnesota did not concur with the original 
regulations, stressing that the State would not recognize Chippewa 
Indian hunting rights in Minnesota's treaty area until a court with 
jurisdiction over the State acknowledges and defines the extent of 
these rights. We acknowledge all of the States' concerns, but point out 
that the U.S. Government has recognized the Indian hunting rights 
decided in the Lac Courte Oreilles v. State of Wisconsin (Voigt) case, 
and that acceptable hunting regulations have been negotiated 
successfully in both Michigan and Wisconsin even though the Voigt 
decision did not specifically address ceded land outside Wisconsin. We 
believe this is appropriate because the treaties in question cover 
ceded lands in Michigan (and Minnesota), as well as in Wisconsin.
    Consequently, in view of the above, we have approved special 
regulations since the 1987-88 hunting season on ceded lands in all 
three States. In fact, this recognition of the principle of reserved 
treaty rights for band members to hunt and fish was pivotal in our 
decision to approve a special 1991-92 season for the 1836 ceded area in 
Michigan.
    For 2006, the GLIFWC proposed off-reservation special migratory 
bird hunting regulations on behalf of the member Tribes of the Voigt 
Intertribal Task Force of the GLIFWC (for the 1837 and 1842 Treaty 
areas) and the Bay Mills Indian Community (for the 1836 Treaty area). 
Member Tribes of the Task Force are: The Bad River Band of the Lake 
Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians, the Lac Courte Oreilles Band of 
Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake 
Superior Chippewa Indians, the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa 
Indians, the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, the Sokaogon 
Chippewa Community (Mole Lake Band), all in Wisconsin; the Mille Lacs 
Band of Chippewa Indians in Minnesota; and the Lac Vieux Desert Band of 
Chippewa Indians and the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community in Michigan.
    The GLIFWC 2006 proposal is generally similar to last year's 
regulations, except that it includes significantly increased bag limits 
for most species in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas, and it proposes to 
remove the restriction on waterfowl baiting. More specifically, the 
proposal includes increasing the daily bag limit for ducks, geese, and 
mergansers in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas to 40, 20, and 10 birds, 
respectively (from 20, 10, and 5 birds in 2005, respectively), and 
increasing the daily bag limit for coots and common moorhens to 40 
(from 20 in 2005) in the same areas. The proposal also calls for 
increasing the daily bag limit for snipe, woodcock, and mourning doves 
to 16, 10, and 30 birds, respectively (from 8, 5, and 15 birds in

[[Page 47467]]

2005, respectively), in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas. Lastly, the 
proposal does reduce the daily bag limit for rails from 25 to 20 birds. 
Regarding baiting, in an effort to increase hunter participation, the 
GLIFWC proposal would remove the restrictions on the baiting of 
waterfowl in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas.
    Under the GLIFWC proposed regulations, GLIFWC expects harvest to 
increase with their proposed more liberal bag limits and removal of the 
restrictions on baiting in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas. The GLIFWC 
states that although it is expected these proposed changes will 
increase harvest, it is difficult to anticipate to what degree that may 
occur, as harvest will continue to be limited by the number of hunters, 
their opportunity to hunt, their personal interest in baiting, the 
strength of the fall flight, weather conditions, and other factors. 
Given these factors, the Tribe expects harvest would likely remain 
below 5,000 ducks and 1,000 geese.
    The issue of baiting for migratory game bird hunting is highly 
controversial, highly debated, and complex regulations govern and 
define what is and what is not allowed when hunting migratory game 
birds. Baiting, the luring or attracting of migratory game birds to 
hunters by placing or scattering salt, grain, or other feed was 
Federally prohibited in 1935 because of its effectiveness in aiding the 
harvest of migratory birds and is not considered a legitimate component 
of hunting. Since their establishment, baiting regulations have been a 
focal point of many regulatory, ethical, and conservation-oriented 
discussions. Amendments to baiting regulations have occurred relatively 
infrequently since the 1940s. However, in 1999, the migratory bird 
baiting regulations were revised to clarify the current regulations and 
to provide a framework for sound migratory bird habitat management, 
normal agricultural activities, and other management practices as they 
relate to lawful migratory game bird hunting (Federal Register 64 FR 
29799).
    Given the fact that tribal waterfowl hunting covered by this 
proposal would occur on ceded lands that are not in the ownership of 
the Tribes, we believe the use of bait to take waterfowl would lead to 
confusion and frustration on the part of the public, hunters, wildlife-
management agencies, and law enforcement officials due to the inherent 
difficulties of different sets of baiting regulations for different 
areas and groups of hunters. Currently, the baiting regulations 
differentiate between waterfowl species and other migratory game birds, 
such as doves and pigeons. Some agricultural management practices that 
are allowed in connection with dove hunting are not allowed when 
hunting waterfowl. To create an additional division between tribal 
members on ceded lands and the rest of the general hunting public would 
only further complicate the regulations and confuse the public. 
Moreover, the allowance of baiting for tribal hunting on ceded lands 
would make those lands and other adjacent areas off-limits to waterfowl 
hunting.
    Recent GLIFWC harvest surveys (1996-98, 2001, and 2004) indicate 
that tribal off-reservation waterfowl harvest has averaged less than 
1,000 ducks and 120 geese annually. In the latest survey year (2004), 
an estimated 53 hunters took an estimated 421 trips and harvested 645 
ducks (1.5 ducks per trip) and 84 geese (0.2 geese per trip). Further, 
in the last five years of harvest surveys, only one hunter reported 
harvesting 20 ducks in a single day. Analysis of hunter survey data 
over the period in question (1996-2004) indicates a general downward 
trend in both harvest and hunter participation.
    Given the above information, we believe that the regulations 
advanced by the GLIFWC for the 2006-07 hunting season are not in the 
best interests of the Service, the GLIFWC, the general public, or the 
migratory bird resource. While we acknowledge that tribal harvest and 
participation has declined in recent years, we are not of the opinion 
that allowing baiting is the best way to increase Tribal hunter 
participation. As we stated above, removing the present restrictions on 
waterfowl baiting would only lead to confusion and frustration on the 
part of the public, hunters, wildlife-management agencies, and law 
enforcement officials due to the inherent difficulties of different 
sets of baiting regulations for different areas and groups of hunters, 
especially on ceded lands that are not in the ownership of the Tribes.
    Furthermore, we do not support the GLIFWC's proposal for 
significantly increased daily bag limits for most species in the 1837 
and 1842 Treaty Areas. Based on the GLIFWC's own harvest data, present 
daily bag limits do not appear to be a hindrance or limiting factor for 
Tribal harvest. Until we are presented information otherwise, we cannot 
support increasing daily bag limits for waterfowl, coots and common 
moorhens, and mourning doves to the extent GLIFWC has proposed. We do, 
however, support the proposals for increasing the daily bag limits for 
mergansers, snipe, and woodcock in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas to 
bring them more in line with current GLIFWC daily bag limits for ducks 
and geese. In addition, the Service is willing to meet with the GLIFWC 
to explore possible ways to increase tribal participation in migratory 
bird hunting opportunities. Finally, we continue to request that the 
GLIFWC closely monitor the member bands' harvest and take any actions 
necessary to reduce harvest if locally nesting populations are being 
significantly impacted.
    The Commission and the Service are parties to a Memorandum of 
Agreement (MOA) designed to facilitate the ongoing enforcement of 
Service-approved tribal migratory bird regulations. Its intent is to 
provide long-term cooperative application.
    Also, as in recent seasons, the proposal contains references to 
Chapter 10 of the Migratory Bird Harvesting Regulations of the Model 
Off-Reservation Conservation Code. Chapter 10 regulations parallel 
State and Federal regulations and, in effect, are not changed by this 
proposal.
    The proposed 2006-07 waterfowl hunting season regulations for 
GLIFWC are as follows:
Ducks
    A. Wisconsin and Minnesota 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas:
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 ducks, including no more than 10 mallards (only 
5 of which may be hens), 4 black ducks, 4 redheads, 4 pintails, and 2 
canvasbacks.
    B. Michigan 1836 Treaty Area:
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 ducks, including no more than 5 mallards (only 
2 of which may be hens), 2 black ducks, 2 redheads, 2 pintails, and 1 
canvasback.
Mergansers
    A. Wisconsin and Minnesota 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas:
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 mergansers.
    B. Michigan 1836 Treaty Area:
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: Five mergansers.
    Geese: All Ceded Areas:
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end December 1, 2006. In 
addition, any portion of the ceded territory that is open to State-
licensed hunters for goose hunting after December 1 will also be open 
concurrently for tribal members.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 geese in aggregate.

[[Page 47468]]

Other Migratory Birds
    A. Coots and Common Moorhens (Common Gallinules):
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 coots and common moorhens (common gallinules), 
singly or in the aggregate.
    B. Sora and Virginia Rails:
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 20 sora and Virginia rails, singly or in the 
aggregate.
    Possession Limit: 25.
    C. Common Snipe:
    Season Dates: Begin September 15 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 16 common snipe in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas; 
and 8, in the 1836 Treaty Area.
    D. Woodcock:
    Season Dates: Begin September 5 and end December 1, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 10 woodcock in the 1837 and 1842 Treaty Areas; and 
5, in the 1836 Treaty Area.
    E. Mourning Dove: 1837 and 1842 Ceded Territories.
    Season Dates: Begin September 1 and end October 30, 2006.
    Daily Bag Limit: 15.
General Conditions
    A. All tribal members will be required to obtain a valid tribal 
waterfowl hunting permit.
    B. Except as otherwise noted, tribal members will be required to 
comply with tribal codes that will be no less restrictive than the 
model ceded territory conservation codes approved by Federal courts in 
the Lac Courte Oreilles v. State of Wisconsin (Voigt) and Mille Lacs 
Band v. State of Minnesota cases. Chapter 10 in each of these model 
codes regulates ceded territory migratory bird hunting. Both versions 
of Chapter 10 parallel Federal requirements as to hunting methods, 
transportation, sale, exportation and other conditions generally 
applicable to migratory bird hunting. They also automatically 
incorporate by reference the Federal migratory bird regulations adopted 
in response to this proposal.
    C. Particular regulations of note include:
    1. Nontoxic shot will be required for all off-reservation waterfowl 
hunting by tribal members.
    2. Tribal members in each zone will comply with tribal regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas. These 
regulations generally incorporate the same restrictions contained in 
parallel State regulations.
    3. Possession limits for each species are double the daily bag 
limit, except on the opening day of the season, when the possession 
limit equals the daily bag limit, unless otherwise noted above. 
Possession limits are applicable only to transportation and do not 
include birds that are cleaned, dressed, and at a member's primary 
residence. For purposes of enforcing bag and possession limits, all 
migratory birds in the possession and custody of tribal members on 
ceded lands will be considered to have been taken on those lands unless 
tagged by a tribal or State conservation warden as taken on reservation 
lands. All migratory birds that fall on reservation lands will not 
count as part of any off-reservation bag or possession limit.
    4. The baiting restrictions included in the respective sections 
10.05(2)(h) of the model ceded territory conservation codes will be 
amended to include language which parallels that in place for non-
tribal members as published in 64 FR 29799, June 3, 1999.
    5. The shell limit restrictions included in the respective sections 
10.05 (2)(b) of the model ceded territory conservation codes will be 
removed.
    D. Michigan--Duck Blinds and Decoys. Tribal members hunting in 
Michigan will comply with tribal codes that contain provisions parallel 
to Michigan law regarding duck blinds and decoys.

(g) Jicarilla Apache Tribe, Jicarilla Indian Reservation, Dulce, New 
Mexico (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters)

    The Jicarilla Apache Tribe has had special migratory bird hunting 
regulations for tribal members and nonmembers since the 1986-87 hunting 
season. The Tribe owns all lands on the reservation and has recognized 
full wildlife management authority. In general, the proposed seasons 
would be more conservative than allowed by the Federal frameworks of 
last season and by States in the Pacific Flyway.
    The Tribe proposed a 2006-07 waterfowl and Canada goose season 
beginning with the earliest possible opening date in the Pacific Flyway 
States, October 7, 2006, and a closing date of November 30, 2006. Daily 
bag and possession limits for waterfowl would be the same as Pacific 
Flyway States. The Tribe proposes a daily bay limit for Canada geese of 
two. Other regulations specific to the Pacific Flyway guidelines for 
New Mexico would be in effect.
    During the Jicarilla Game and Fish Department's 2005-06 season, 
estimated duck harvest was 606, which is within the historical harvest 
range. The species composition in the past has included mainly 
mallards, gadwall, wigeon, and teal. Northern pintail comprised 1 
percent of the total harvest in 2004. The estimated harvest of geese 
was 12 birds.
    The proposed regulations are essentially the same as were 
established last year. The Tribe anticipates the maximum 2006-07 
waterfowl harvest would be around 500-750 ducks and 10-25 geese.
    We propose to approve the Tribe's requested 2006-07 hunting 
seasons.

(h) Kalispel Tribe, Kalispel Reservation, Usk, Washington (Tribal 
Members and Nontribal Hunters)

    The Kalispel Reservation was established by Executive Order in 
1914, and currently comprises approximately 4,600 acres. The Tribe owns 
all Reservation land and has full management authority. The Kalispel 
Tribe has a fully developed wildlife program with hunting and fishing 
codes. The Tribe enjoys excellent wildlife management relations with 
the State. The Tribe and the State have an operational Memorandum of 
Understanding with emphasis on fisheries but also for wildlife.
    The nontribal member seasons described below pertain to a 176-acre 
waterfowl management unit and 800 acres of reservation land with a 
guide for waterfowl hunting. The Tribe is utilizing this opportunity to 
rehabilitate an area that needs protection because of past land use 
practices, as well as to provide additional waterfowl hunting in the 
area. Beginning in 1996, the requested regulations also included a 
proposal for Kalispel-member-only migratory bird hunting on Kalispel-
ceded lands within Washington, Montana, and Idaho.
    For the 2006-07 migratory bird hunting seasons, the Kalispel Tribe 
proposed tribal and nontribal member waterfowl seasons. The Tribe 
requests that both duck and goose seasons open at the earliest possible 
date and close on the latest date under Federal frameworks.
    For nontribal hunters, the Tribe requests that the season for ducks 
begin September 23, 2006, and end January 31, 2007. In that period, 
nontribal hunters would be allowed to hunt approximately 101 days. 
Hunters should obtain further information on specific hunt days from 
the Kalispel Tribe.
    The Tribe also requests the season for geese run from September 1 
to September 17, 2006, and from October 1, 2006, to January 31, 2007. 
Total number of days would not exceed 107. Nontribal hunters should 
obtain further information on specific hunt days from the Tribe. Daily 
bag and possession

[[Page 47469]]

limits would be the same as those for the State of Washington.
    The Tribe reports a 2005-06 nontribal harvest of 80 ducks and 0 
geese. Under the proposal, the Tribe expects harvest to be similar to 
last year and less than 100 geese and 200 ducks.
    All other State and Federal regulations contained in 50 CFR part 
20, such as use of nontoxic shot and possession of a signed migratory 
bird hunting stamp, would be required.
    For tribal members on Kalispel-ceded lands, the Kalispel propose 
outside frameworks for ducks and geese of September 1, 2006, through 
January 31, 2007. The Tribe requests that both duck and goose seasons 
open at the earliest possible date and close on the latest date under 
Federal frameworks. However, during that period, the Tribe proposes 
that the season run continuously. Daily bag and possession limits would 
be concurrent with the Federal rule.
    The Tribe reports that there was no 2004-05 tribal harvest. Under 
the proposal, the Tribe expects harvest to be less than 500 birds for 
the season with less than 200 geese. Tribal members would be required 
to possess a signed Federal migratory bird stamp and a tribal ceded 
lands permit.
    We propose to approve the regulations requested by the Kalispel 
Tribe, provided that the nontribal seasons conform to Treaty 
limitations and final Federal frameworks for the Pacific Flyway. All 
seasons for nontribal hunters must conform with the 107-day maximum 
season length established by the Treaty.

(i) Klamath Tribe, Chiloquin, Oregon (Tribal Members Only)

    The Klamath Tribe currently has no reservation, per se. However, 
the Klamath Tribe has reserved hunting, fishing, and gathering rights 
within its former reservation boundary. This area of former 
reservation, granted to the Klamaths by the Treaty of 1864, is over 1 
million acres. Tribal natural resource management authority is derived 
from the Treaty of 1864, and carried out cooperatively under the 
judicially enforced Consent Decree of 1981. The parties to this Consent 
Decree are the Federal Government, the State of Oregon, and the 
Klamaths. The Klamath Indian Game Commission sets the seasons. The 
tribal biological staff and tribal Regulatory Enforcement Officers 
monitor tribal harvest by frequent bag checks and hunter interviews.
    For the 2006-07 season, the Tribe requests proposed season dates of 
October 1, 2006, through January 28, 2007. Daily bag limits would be 
nine for ducks and six for geese, with possession limits twice the 
daily bag limit. The daily bag and possession limit for coots would be 
25. Shooting hours would be one-half hour before sunrise to one-half 
hour after sunset. Steel shot is required.
    Based on the number of birds produced in the Klamath Basin, this 
year's harvest would be similar to last year's. Information on tribal 
harvest suggests that more than 70 percent of the annual goose harvest 
is local birds produced in the Klamath Basin.
    We propose to approve the Klamath Tribe's requested 2006-07 special 
migratory bird hunting regulations.

(j) Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, Cass Lake, Minnesota (Tribal Members 
Only)

    The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe is a federally recognized Tribe 
located in Cass Lake, Minnesota. The reservation employs conservation 
officers to enforce conservation regulations. The Service and the Tribe 
have cooperatively established migratory bird hunting regulations since 
2000.
    For the 2006-07 season, the Tribe requests a duck season starting 
on September 23 and ending December 31, 2006, and a goose season to run 
from September 1 through December 31, 2006. Daily bag limits for both 
ducks and geese would be 20. Possession limits would be twice the daily 
bag limit. Shooting hours are one-half hour before sunrise to one-half 
hour after sunset.
    The annual harvest by tribal members on the Leech Lake Reservation 
is estimated at 500-1,000 birds.
    We propose to approve the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe's special 
migratory bird hunting season.

(k) Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Manistee, Michigan (Tribal 
Members Only)

    The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a self-governing, 
federally recognized Tribe located in Manistee, Michigan, and a 
signatory Tribe of the Treaty of 1836. We have approved special 
regulations for tribal members of the 1836 treaty's signatory Tribes on 
ceded lands in Michigan since the 1986-87 hunting season. Ceded lands 
are located in Lake, Mason, Manistee, and Wexford Counties.
    For the 2006-07 season, the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians 
proposes a duck and merganser season from September 15, 2006, through 
January 20, 2007. A daily bag limit of 12 ducks would include no more 
than 2 pintail, 2 canvasback, 3 black duck, 3 wood ducks, 3 redheads, 6 
mallards (only 3 of which may be a hen), and 1 hooded merganser. 
Possession limits would be twice the daily bag limit.
    For white-fronted geese, snow geese, and brant, the Tribe proposes 
a September 20 through November 30, 2006, season. Daily bag limits 
would be five geese.
    For Canada geese only, the Tribe proposes a September 1, 2006, 
through February 8, 2007, season with a daily bag limit of five Canada 
geese. The possession limit would be twice the daily bag limit.
    For snipe, woodcock, rails, and mourning doves, the Tribe proposes 
a September 1 to November 14, 2006, season. The daily bag limit would 
be 10 common snipe, 5 woodcock, 10 rails, and 10 mourning doves. 
Possession limits for all species would be twice the daily bag limit.
    The Tribe monitored harvest through mail surveys. General 
Conditions were as follows:
    A. All tribal members will be required to obtain a valid tribal 
resource card and 2006-07 hunting license.
    B. Except as modified by the Service rules adopted in response to 
this proposal, these amended regulations parallel all Federal 
regulations contained in 50 CFR part 20.
    C. Particular regulations of note include:
    (1) Nontoxic shot will be required for all waterfowl hunting by 
tribal members.
    (2) Tribal members in each zone will comply with tribal regulations 
providing for closed and restricted waterfowl hunting areas. These 
regulations generally incorporate the same restrictions contained in 
parallel State regulations.
    D. Tribal members hunting in Michigan will comply with tribal codes 
that contain provisions parallel to Michigan law regarding duck blinds 
and decoys.
    We propose to approve Little River Band of Ottawa Indians special 
migratory bird hunting seasons.

(l) The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Petoskey, Michigan 
(Tribal Members Only)

    The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians is a self-governing, 
federally recognized Tribe located in Petoskey, Michigan, and a 
signatory Tribe of the Treaty of 1836. We have approved special 
regulations for tribal members of the 1836 treaty's signatory Tribes on 
ceded lands in Michigan since the 1986-87 hunting season.
    For the 2006-07 season, the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa 
Indians propose regulations similar to those of other Tribes in the 
1836 treaty area. The

[[Page 47470]]

tribal member duck, merganser, coot, and gallinule season would run 
from September 15, 2006, through January 20, 2007. A daily bag limit of 
12 would include no more than 2 pintail, 2 canvasback, 1 hooded 
merganser, 3 black ducks, 3 wood ducks, 3 redheads, and 6 mallards 
(only 3 of which may be hens).
    For Canada geese, the Tribe proposes a September 1, 2006, through 
February 8, 2007, season. For white-fronted geese, brant, and snow 
geese, the Tribe proposes a September 1 through November 30, 2006, 
season. The daily bag limit for Canada geese would be 5 birds, and for 
snow geese, brant, and white-fronted geese, 10 birds. Based on our 
information, it is unlikely that any Canada geese from the Southern 
James Bay Population would be harvested by the Tribe. Possession limits 
are twice the daily bag limit.
    For woodcock, the Tribe proposes a September 1, 2006, to November 
14, 2006, season. The daily bag limit will not exceed five birds. For 
snipe, mourning doves, and sora rail, the Tribe proposes a September 1 
to November 14, 2006, season. The daily bag limit will not exceed 10 
birds per species. The possession limit will not exceed two days bag 
limit for all birds. All other Federal regulations contained in 50 CFR 
part 20 would apply.
    The Tribe proposes to monitor harvest closely through game bag 
checks, patrols, and mail surveys. In particular, the Tribe proposes 
monitoring the harvest of Southern James Bay Canada geese to assess any 
impacts of tribal hunting on the population.
    We propose to approve the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa 
Indians' requested 2006-07 special migratory bird hunting regulations.

(m) Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule Reservation, Lower Brule, 
South Dakota (Tribal Members and Nontribal Hunters)