REMIC Residual Interests-Accounting for REMIC Net Income (Including Any Excess Inclusions) (Foreign Holders), 43363-43366 [E6-12363]
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 147 / Tuesday, August 1, 2006 / Rules and Regulations
Dated: July 24, 2006.
Jeffrey Shuren,
Assistant Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. E6–12265 Filed 7–31–06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4160–01–S
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
26 CFR Part 1
[TD 9272]
RIN 1545–BE81
REMIC Residual Interests—Accounting
for REMIC Net Income (Including Any
Excess Inclusions) (Foreign Holders)
Internal Revenue Service (IRS),
Treasury.
ACTION: Final and temporary
regulations.
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AGENCY:
SUMMARY: This document contains
temporary regulations relating to
income that is associated with a residual
interest in a Real Estate Mortgage
Investment Conduit (REMIC) and that is
allocated through certain entities to
foreign persons who have invested in
those entities. The regulations accelerate
the time when income is recognized for
withholding tax purposes to conform to
the timing of income recognition for
general income tax purposes. The
foreign persons covered by these
regulations include partners in domestic
partnerships, shareholders of real estate
investment trusts, shareholders of
regulated investment companies,
participants in common trust funds, and
patrons of subchapter T cooperatives.
These regulations are necessary to
prevent inappropriate avoidance of
current income tax liability by foreign
persons to whom income from REMIC
residual interests is allocated. The
regulations clarify the timing of income
under section 860G for purposes of
determining a domestic partnership’s
responsibility under sections 1441 and
1442 for withholding tax with respect to
a foreign partner’s share of REMIC net
income as a result of indirectly holding
a residual interest. The regulations also
provide that an excess inclusion is
treated as income from sources within
the United States. The text of the
temporary regulations also serves as the
text of the proposed regulations set forth
in the notice of proposed rulemaking on
this subject in the Proposed Rules
section in this issue of the Federal
Register.
Effective Date: These regulations
are effective August 1, 2006.
DATES:
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Applicability Dates: For dates of
applicability, see §§ 1.860A–1T(b)(5),
1.863–1T(f) and 1.1441–2T(f).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dale
Collinson, (202) 622–3900 (not a tollfree number).
Background and Explanation of
Provisions
This document contains amendments
to 26 CFR part 1 under sections 860A,
860G(b), 863, 1441, and 1442 of the
Internal Revenue Code (Code). Under
section 860C(a)(1), in general, a holder
of a REMIC residual interest must take
into account the holder’s daily portion
of the taxable income or net loss of the
REMIC for each day of the taxable year
on which the holder held the interest.
Thus, a residual interest holder
generally is taxable currently on the
taxable income or net loss of the REMIC
without regard to whether or when the
REMIC makes distributions. Section
860G(b) provides an exception to this
general rule in section 860C for the
timing of income attributable to the
ownership of a REMIC residual interest.
Under this exception, for purposes of
sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442, if
amounts are includible in the income of
a holder of a REMIC residual interest
that is a nonresident alien individual or
a foreign corporation, the amounts are
taken into account only when paid or
distributed to the foreign holder, or
when the interest is disposed of.
In its earlier years, a REMIC may
accrue and recognize more taxable
interest income from the mortgages that
it holds than it accrues and deducts as
interest on the regular interests that it
has issued. This produces net income
for the REMIC and thus for the holder
of the REMIC’s residual interest. Many
REMICs are structured so that the
REMIC uses all, or substantially all, of
its cash flow to pay expenses and to pay
principal and interest on regular
interests (effectively using a portion of
interest receipts to pay principal or
other nondeductible items). Such a
REMIC will make little or no
distributions to the holders of the
residual interest in the REMIC, and each
holder will incur tax liabilities with
respect to its share of the REMIC’s net
income in an amount that exceeds the
holder’s economic return.
In addition, all or substantially all of
the income attributable to holding the
residual interest will be subject to
special rules relating to excess
inclusions. To ensure that the income
will be taxable in all events, these rules,
among other things, prevent the use of
net operating losses to offset the excess
inclusions, see section 860E, and
preclude any exemption from, or
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reduction in, applicable withholding
taxes, see section 860G(b)(2). Residual
interests that entitle the holder to little
or no distributions are commonly
referred to as noneconomic REMIC
residual interests, and persons acquiring
those interests receive an inducement
fee for becoming the holder and
undertaking the associated tax payment
responsibilities. Taxable income that
must be recognized in excess of the
economic income for a period is often
called phantom income. In the case of
a REMIC, the early phantom income is
generally offset by matching deductions
(generally called phantom losses) in
later periods.
Consistent with the Congressional
purpose of ensuring that excess
inclusions of REMICs be subject to tax,
§ 1.860E–1(c) of the Income Tax
Regulations provides for disregarding
transfers of noneconomic REMIC
residual interests if a significant
purpose of the transfer is avoiding
assessment or collection of tax. In
addition, § 1.860G–3(a)(1) provides, ‘‘A
transfer of a residual interest that has
tax avoidance potential is disregarded
for all Federal income tax purposes if
the transferee is a foreign person.’’
Section 1.860G–3(a)(2) provides, ‘‘A
residual interest has tax avoidance
potential * * * unless, at the time of
the transfer, the transferor reasonably
expects that, for each excess inclusion,
the REMIC will distribute to the
transferee residual interest holder an
amount that will equal at least 30
percent of the excess inclusion, and that
each such amount will be distributed at
or after the time at which the excess
inclusion accrues and not later than the
close of the calendar year following the
calendar year of accrual.’’ Accordingly,
foreign persons are generally precluded
from becoming the direct holders of
noneconomic residual interests.
‘‘Where necessary or appropriate to
prevent the avoidance of tax imposed by
[chapter 1 of the Code],’’ section
860G(b) authorizes the adoption of
regulations requiring REMIC net income
inclusions of foreign holders of REMIC
residual interests to be taken into
account for purposes of sections 871(a),
881, 1441, and 1442 earlier than is
provided in section 860G(b)(1). The
legislative history of the Tax Reform Act
of 1986 indicates that Congress intended
that this regulatory authority may be
exercised with respect to noneconomic
residual interests. See 2 H.R. Rep. No.
841, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. II–236 (1986)
(referring to residual interests that do
‘‘not have significant value’’).
The IRS and Treasury Department
have become aware that noneconomic
REMIC residual interests are being
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transferred to domestic partnerships
that subsequently allocate the phantom
income to foreign persons. If a
partnership has no foreign partners at
the time the partnership acquires a
noneconomic REMIC residual interest,
the person transferring the residual
interest to the partnership may take the
position that neither § 1.860E–1(c) nor
§ 1.860G–3 is applicable. In turn, the
partnership may take the position, by
applying the aggregate approach to the
relation between a partnership and its
partners, that foreign persons who later
become partners hold the REMIC
residual interest that had previously
been acquired by the partnership. Based
on the conclusion that the foreign
partners are holders of the residual
interest, the partnership may take the
further position that, under section
860G(b), a withholding tax obligation on
the partnership’s allocation to the
foreign partner of income from the
residual interest arises no sooner than
the time when distributions on the
residual interest are made by the REMIC
(distributions that will almost never
occur with a noneconomic residual) or
when the interest is disposed of. Under
this view, the foreign holder’s tax
liability with respect to net income of
the REMIC (including excess inclusions)
would be deferred until disposition of
the holder’s interest in the REMIC
residual interest, including a disposition
through termination of the REMIC, a
disposition of the REMIC residual
interest by the partnership, or a
disposition of the partnership interest
by the foreign partner.
The IRS and Treasury Department
have concluded that, in order to achieve
effective assessment and collection of
U.S. tax on REMIC net income,
including excess inclusion income, in
furtherance of the congressional
purpose referenced above and section
860E(a)(1), (b), and (e) and section
860G(b) of the Code, the time when
foreign partners are required to account
for REMIC net income should be
accelerated. That is, for purposes of
sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442, the
temporary regulations eliminate the
deferral (relative to section 860C) that
section 860G(b)(1) might otherwise
prescribe. To prevent the adoption of
similar schemes using real estate
investment trusts, regulated investment
companies, common trust funds, or
subchapter T cooperative organizations,
foreign persons to whom excess
inclusion income is allocated by any of
these other entities must account for
REMIC excess inclusions on a similarly
accelerated basis.
Several provisions of regulations
under sections 1441 and 1442 are
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relevant to the taxation of REMIC net
income inclusions (and particularly net
income inclusions with respect to
noneconomic REMIC residual interests)
that are allocated to foreign persons.
Under § 1.1441–2(e), for purposes of
section 1441 and 1442, a payment
generally is considered made to a
person if that person realizes income,
whether or not the income results from
an actual transfer of cash or other
property. Under § 1.1441–2(d)(1),
however, if a withholding agent is not
related to the recipient or beneficial
owner, the withholding agent has an
obligation to withhold only to the extent
that, at any time between the date that
the obligation to withhold would arise
but for the provisions of § 1.1441–2(d)
and the due date for the filing of a return
on Form 1042, ‘‘Annual Withholding
Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of
Foreign Persons,’’ (including
extensions) for the year in which the
payment occurs, the withholding agent
has control over, or custody of money or
property owned by the recipient or
beneficial owner from which to
withhold an amount and has knowledge
of the facts that give rise to the payment.
For this purpose, a withholding agent is
related to the recipient or beneficial
owner if it is related within the meaning
of section 482. Section 1.1441–2(d)(1)
further provides that the foregoing
exception does not apply ‘‘to
distributions with respect to stock or if
the lack of control or custody of money
or property owned by the recipient or
beneficial owner from which to
withhold is part of a prearranged plan
known to the withholding agent to
avoid withholding under sections 1441,
1442, or 1443.’’
Under § 1.1441–5(b)(2), a U.S.
partnership is required to withhold
under § 1.1441–1 as a withholding agent
on an amount subject to withholding (as
defined in § 1.1441–2(a)) that is
includible in the gross income of a
partner that is a foreign person. Except
as provided in § 1.1441–5(b)(2)(v)
(which prevents a second withholding
obligation from arising with respect to
the actual distribution of income
previously withheld upon as a
distribution from a U.S. partnership or
trust), a U.S. partnership is required to
withhold when making any
distributions that include amounts
subject to withholding. To the extent a
foreign partner’s distributive share of
income subject to withholding has not
actually been distributed to the foreign
partner, the U.S. partnership must
withhold on the foreign partner’s
distributive share of the income on the
earlier of the date that the statement on
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Form 1065, ‘‘U.S. Return of Partnership
Income,’’ is mailed (or otherwise
provided) to the partner or the due date
for furnishing that statement.
Pursuant to the authority granted
under section 860G(b), for purposes of
sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442,
these temporary regulations generally
require a foreign partner in a
partnership holding one or more REMIC
residual interests to take into account
REMIC net income inclusions at the end
of its taxable year (or on the last date of
the taxable year of a partnership that
allocates REMIC net income to the
foreign partner). The temporary
regulations require a foreign shareholder
in a real estate investment trust or
regulated investment company, a
foreign participant in a common trust
fund, or a foreign patron of a subchapter
T cooperative organization to take into
account excess inclusion income at the
same time as other income from the
entity.
The temporary regulations also
provide that an excess inclusion is
treated as income from sources within
the United States. The Treasury
Department and the IRS believe this
treatment is appropriate because the
inclusions are largely phantom income
arising from the special provisions of
the Code relating to REMICs and thus
are unlikely to have tax significance
outside the United States. The
temporary regulations provide that, to
the extent excess inclusions are taken
into account with respect to a residual
interest, net losses with respect to the
residual interest are allocated and
apportioned to the class and grouping(s)
of gross income to which the excess
inclusions were assigned.
The temporary regulations also
provide that the exemption available
under certain circumstances to certain
withholding agents that do not have
custody or control of money or property
from which to satisfy a withholding
obligation is not available in any case
with respect to an excess inclusion
subject to these rules. No inference is
intended as to whether, for purposes of
this exemption, any right, obligation,
contract, or arrangement other than a
REMIC residual interest constitutes
property of a sort from which a
withholding obligation may be satisfied.
Effective Date
The regulations regarding the timing
of REMIC income inclusions apply to
REMIC net income of a foreign person
with respect to REMIC residual interests
with respect to which the first REMIC
net income allocation to the foreign
person under section 860C occurs on or
after August 1, 2006. The regulations
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regarding the source of excess
inclusions are applicable for taxable
years ending after August 1, 2006.
Special Analyses
It has been determined that this
Treasury decision is not a significant
regulatory action as defined in
Executive Order 12866. Therefore, a
regulatory assessment is not required.
These regulations are necessary to
provide taxpayers with immediate
guidance to discourage the overly
aggressive interpretations being
employed for the inappropriate
avoidance of current income tax
assessment or collection by foreign
persons who are allocated income from
REMIC residual interests. Accordingly,
good cause is found for dispensing with
notice and public comment pursuant to
5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), and with a delayed
effective date pursuant to 5 U.S.C.
553(d). For the applicability of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.
chapter 6) refer to the special analysis
section of the preamble to the crossreferenced notice of proposed
rulemaking published in the Proposed
Rules section in this issue of the Federal
Register. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of
Code, these temporary regulations will
be submitted to the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration for comment on its
impact on small business.
Drafting Information
The principal author of these
regulations is Dale Collinson, Office of
the Associate Chief Counsel (Financial
Institutions and Products). However,
other personnel from the IRS and
Treasury Department participated in
their development.
I Par. 2. Section 1.860A–0 is amended
as follows:
I 1. Section 1.860A–1, paragraph (b)(5)
is added.
I 2. Section 1.860A–1T is added.
I 3. Section 1.860G–3, paragraph (b) is
revised.
I 4. Section 1.860G–3T is added.
The additions and revisions read as
follows:
§ 1.860A–0
Outline of REMIC provisions.
*
*
*
§ 1.860A–1
rules.
*
*
*
Effective dates and transition
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(5) [Reserved].
*
§ 1.860A–1T Effective dates and transition
rules (temporary).
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved].
(5) Accounting for REMIC net income
of foreign persons.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 1.860G–3
Treatment of foreign persons.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income.
[Reserved].
§ 1.860G–3T Treatment of foreign persons
(temporary).
(a) [Reserved].
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income.
(1) Allocation of partnership income
to a foreign partner.
(2) Excess inclusion income allocated
by certain pass-through entities to a
foreign person.
I Par. 3. In § 1.860A–1 paragraph (b)(5)
is added to read as follows:
§ 1.860A–1
rules.
Effective dates and transition
Income taxes, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(5) [Reserved]. For further guidance,
see § 1.860A–1T(b)(5).
I Par. 4. Section 1.860A–1T is added to
read as follows:
Adoption of Amendments to the
Regulations
§ 1.860A–1T Effective dates and transition
rules (temporary).
List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1
Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is
amended as follows:
I
PART 1—INCOME TAXES
Paragraph 1. The authority citation
for part 1 is amended by adding entries
in numerical order to read, in part, as
follows:
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I
Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *
Section 1.860A–1 also issued under 26
U.S.C. 860G(b) and 860G(e).
Section 1.860A–1T also issued under 26
U.S.C. 860G(b) and 860G(e). * * *
Section 1.860G–3T also issued under 26
U.S.C. 860G(b) and 860G(e). * * *
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*
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For
further guidance, see § 1.860A–1(a)
through (b)(4).
(5) Accounting for REMIC net income
of foreign persons. Section 1.860G–
3T(b) is applicable to REMIC net income
(including excess inclusions) of a
foreign person with respect to a REMIC
residual interest if the first net income
allocation under section 860C(a)(1) to
the foreign person with respect to that
interest occurs on or after August 1,
2006. This section will expire July 31,
2009.
I Par. 5. In § 1.860G–3, paragraph (b) is
revised as follows:
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§ 1.860G–3
43365
Treatment of foreign persons.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income.
[Reserved]. For further guidance, see
§ 1.860G–3T(b).
I Par. 6. Section 1.860G–3T is added to
read as follows:
§ 1.860G–3T Treatment of foreign persons
(temporary).
(a) [Reserved]. For further guidance,
see § 1.860G–3(a).
(b) Accounting for REMIC net
income—(1) Allocation of partnership
income to a foreign partner. A domestic
partnership shall separately state its
allocable share of REMIC taxable
income or net loss in accordance with
§ 1.702–1(a)(8). If a domestic
partnership allocates all or some portion
of its allocable share of REMIC taxable
income to a partner that is a foreign
person, the amount allocated to the
foreign partner shall be taken into
account by the foreign partner for
purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441,
and 1442 as if that amount were
received on the last day of the
partnership’s taxable year, except to the
extent that some or all of the amount is
required to be taken into account by the
foreign partner at an earlier time under
section 860G(b) as a result of a
distribution by the partnership to the
foreign partner or a disposition of the
foreign partner’s indirect interest in the
REMIC residual interest. A disposition
in whole or in part of the foreign
partner’s indirect interest in the REMIC
residual interest may occur as a result
of a termination of the REMIC, a
disposition of the partnership’s residual
interest in the REMIC, a disposition of
the foreign partner’s interest in the
partnership, or any other reduction in
the foreign partner’s allocable share of
the portion of the REMIC net income or
deduction allocated to the partnership.
See § 1.871–14(d)(2) for the treatment of
interest received on a regular or residual
interest in a REMIC. For a partnership’s
withholding obligations with respect to
excess inclusion amounts described in
this paragraph (b)(1), see § 1.1441–
2T(b)(5), § 1.1441–2T(d)(4), § 1.1441–
5(b)(2)(i)(A) and §§ 1.1446–1 through
1.1446–7.
(2) Excess inclusion income allocated
by certain pass-through entities to a
foreign person. If an amount is allocated
under section 860E(d)(1) to a foreign
person that is a shareholder of a real
estate investment trust or a regulated
investment company, a participant in a
common trust fund, or a patron of an
organization to which part I of
subchapter T applies and if the amount
so allocated is governed by section
860E(d)(2) (treating it ‘‘as an excess
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inclusion with respect to a residual
interest held by’’ the taxpayer), the
amount shall be taken into account for
purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441,
and 1442 at the same time as the time
prescribed for other income of the
shareholder, participant, or patron from
the trust, company, fund, or
organization.
I Par. 7. Section 1.863–0 table of
contents is amended as follows:
I 1. The entries for § 1.863–1(e) are
revised.
I 2. Entries for § 1.863–1T are added.
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
§ 1.863–0
Table of contents.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 1.863–1 Allocation of gross income
under section 863(a).
*
*
*
*
*
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC.
(1) REMIC inducement fees.
(2) Excess inclusion income and net
losses.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 1.863–1T Allocation of gross income
under section 863(a).
(a) through (d) [Reserved].
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC.
(1) REMIC inducement fees.
(2) Excess inclusion income and net
losses.
(f) Effective date.
I Par. 8. Section 1.863–1 is amended as
follows:
I 1. The paragraph heading for
paragraph (e) is revised.
I 2. The text of paragraph (e) is
redesignated as (e)(1).
I 3. A new paragraph heading for
paragraph (e)(1) is added.
I 4. A new paragraph (e)(2) is added.
I 5. The last sentence of paragraph (f) is
revised and a new sentence is added to
the end.
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
§ 1.863–1 Allocation of gross income
under section 863(a).
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*
*
*
*
*
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC—(1)
REMIC inducement fees. * * *
(2) Excess inclusion income and net
losses. [Reserved]. For further guidance,
see § 1.863–1T(e)(2).
(f) * * * Paragraph (e)(1) of this
section is applicable for taxable years
ending on or after May 11, 2004. For
further guidance, see § 1.863–1T(f).
I Par. 9. Section 1.863–1T is added to
read as follows:
§ 1.863–1T Allocation of gross income
under section 863(a) (temporary).
(a) through (d) [Reserved]. For further
guidance, see § 1.863–1(a) through (d).
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(e) Residual interest in a REMIC—(1)
REMIC inducement fees. [Reserved]. For
further guidance, see § 1.863–1(e)(1).
(2) Excess inclusion income and net
losses. An excess inclusion (as defined
in section 860E(c)) shall be treated as
income from sources within the United
States. To the extent of excess inclusion
income previously taken into account
with respect to a residual interest
(reduced by net losses previously taken
into account under this paragraph), a
net loss (described in section
860C(b)(2)) with respect to the residual
interest shall be allocated to the class of
gross income and apportioned to the
statutory grouping(s) or residual
grouping of gross income to which the
excess inclusion income was assigned.
(f) Effective date. Paragraph (e)(2) of
this section applies for taxable years
ending after August 1, 2006. For further
guidance, see § 1.863–1(f). This section
will expire July 31, 2009.
I Par. 10. Section 1.1441–0 is amended
by adding entries for §§ 1.1441–2(b)(5),
1.1441–2(d)(4), and 1.1441–2T to read
as follows:
§ 1.1441–0 Outline of regulation provisions
for section 1441.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 1.1441–2 Amounts subject to
withholding.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(5) REMIC residual interests.
*
*
*
*
*
(d) * * *
(4) Withholding exemption
inapplicable.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 1.1441–2T Amounts subject to
withholding.
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved].
(5) REMIC residual interests.
(c) through (d)(3) [Reserved].
(d)(4) Withholding exemption
inapplicable.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) Effective date.
*
*
*
*
*
I Par. 11. Section 1.1441–2 is amended
by adding paragraphs (b)(5) and (d)(4),
and a sentence to the end of paragraph
(f), to read as follows:
(4) Withholding exemption
inapplicable. For further guidance, see
§ 1.1441–2T(d)(4).
*
*
*
*
*
(f) * * * For further guidance, see
§ 1.1441–2T(f).
I Par. 12. Section 1.1441–2T is added to
read as follows:
§ 1.1441–2T Amounts subject to
withholding (temporary).
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For
further guidance, see § 1.1441–2(a)
through (b)(4).
(5) REMIC residual interests. Amounts
subject to withholding include an
excess inclusion described in § 1.860G–
3T(b)(2) and the portion of an amount
described in § 1.860G–3T(b)(1) that is an
excess inclusion.
(c) through (d)(3) [Reserved]. For
further guidance, see § 1.1441–2 (c)
through (d)(3).
(4) Withholding exemption
inapplicable. The exemption in
§ 1.1441–2(d) from the obligation to
withhold shall not apply to amounts
described in § 1.860G–3T(b)(1)
(regarding certain partnership
allocations of REMIC net income with
respect to a REMIC residual interest).
(e) [Reserved]. For further guidance,
see § 1.1441–2(e).
(f) Effective date. This section applies
after August 1, 2006. This section will
expire July 31, 2009.
Mark E. Matthews,
Deputy Commissioner for Services and
Enforcement.
Approved: July 14, 2006.
Eric Solomon,
Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury.
[FR Doc. E6–12363 Filed 7–31–06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
SECURITY
Coast Guard
33 CFR Part 100
[CGD05–06–076]
RIN 1625–AA08
§ 1.1441–2 Amounts subject to
withholding.
Special Local Regulations for Marine
Events; Wrightsville Channel,
Wrightsville Beach, NC
*
AGENCY:
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(5) REMIC residual interest.
[Reserved]. For further guidance, see
§ 1.1441–2T(b)(5).
*
*
*
*
*
(d) * * *
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Coast Guard, DHS.
Notice of enforcement of
regulation.
ACTION:
SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is
implementing the special local
regulations at 33 CFR 100.513 during
E:\FR\FM\01AUR1.SGM
01AUR1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 147 (Tuesday, August 1, 2006)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 43363-43366]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E6-12363]
=======================================================================
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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
26 CFR Part 1
[TD 9272]
RIN 1545-BE81
REMIC Residual Interests--Accounting for REMIC Net Income
(Including Any Excess Inclusions) (Foreign Holders)
AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.
ACTION: Final and temporary regulations.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This document contains temporary regulations relating to
income that is associated with a residual interest in a Real Estate
Mortgage Investment Conduit (REMIC) and that is allocated through
certain entities to foreign persons who have invested in those
entities. The regulations accelerate the time when income is recognized
for withholding tax purposes to conform to the timing of income
recognition for general income tax purposes. The foreign persons
covered by these regulations include partners in domestic partnerships,
shareholders of real estate investment trusts, shareholders of
regulated investment companies, participants in common trust funds, and
patrons of subchapter T cooperatives. These regulations are necessary
to prevent inappropriate avoidance of current income tax liability by
foreign persons to whom income from REMIC residual interests is
allocated. The regulations clarify the timing of income under section
860G for purposes of determining a domestic partnership's
responsibility under sections 1441 and 1442 for withholding tax with
respect to a foreign partner's share of REMIC net income as a result of
indirectly holding a residual interest. The regulations also provide
that an excess inclusion is treated as income from sources within the
United States. The text of the temporary regulations also serves as the
text of the proposed regulations set forth in the notice of proposed
rulemaking on this subject in the Proposed Rules section in this issue
of the Federal Register.
DATES: Effective Date: These regulations are effective August 1, 2006.
Applicability Dates: For dates of applicability, see Sec. Sec.
1.860A-1T(b)(5), 1.863-1T(f) and 1.1441-2T(f).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dale Collinson, (202) 622-3900 (not a
toll-free number).
Background and Explanation of Provisions
This document contains amendments to 26 CFR part 1 under sections
860A, 860G(b), 863, 1441, and 1442 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code).
Under section 860C(a)(1), in general, a holder of a REMIC residual
interest must take into account the holder's daily portion of the
taxable income or net loss of the REMIC for each day of the taxable
year on which the holder held the interest. Thus, a residual interest
holder generally is taxable currently on the taxable income or net loss
of the REMIC without regard to whether or when the REMIC makes
distributions. Section 860G(b) provides an exception to this general
rule in section 860C for the timing of income attributable to the
ownership of a REMIC residual interest. Under this exception, for
purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442, if amounts are
includible in the income of a holder of a REMIC residual interest that
is a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation, the amounts
are taken into account only when paid or distributed to the foreign
holder, or when the interest is disposed of.
In its earlier years, a REMIC may accrue and recognize more taxable
interest income from the mortgages that it holds than it accrues and
deducts as interest on the regular interests that it has issued. This
produces net income for the REMIC and thus for the holder of the
REMIC's residual interest. Many REMICs are structured so that the REMIC
uses all, or substantially all, of its cash flow to pay expenses and to
pay principal and interest on regular interests (effectively using a
portion of interest receipts to pay principal or other nondeductible
items). Such a REMIC will make little or no distributions to the
holders of the residual interest in the REMIC, and each holder will
incur tax liabilities with respect to its share of the REMIC's net
income in an amount that exceeds the holder's economic return.
In addition, all or substantially all of the income attributable to
holding the residual interest will be subject to special rules relating
to excess inclusions. To ensure that the income will be taxable in all
events, these rules, among other things, prevent the use of net
operating losses to offset the excess inclusions, see section 860E, and
preclude any exemption from, or reduction in, applicable withholding
taxes, see section 860G(b)(2). Residual interests that entitle the
holder to little or no distributions are commonly referred to as
noneconomic REMIC residual interests, and persons acquiring those
interests receive an inducement fee for becoming the holder and
undertaking the associated tax payment responsibilities. Taxable income
that must be recognized in excess of the economic income for a period
is often called phantom income. In the case of a REMIC, the early
phantom income is generally offset by matching deductions (generally
called phantom losses) in later periods.
Consistent with the Congressional purpose of ensuring that excess
inclusions of REMICs be subject to tax, Sec. 1.860E-1(c) of the Income
Tax Regulations provides for disregarding transfers of noneconomic
REMIC residual interests if a significant purpose of the transfer is
avoiding assessment or collection of tax. In addition, Sec. 1.860G-
3(a)(1) provides, ``A transfer of a residual interest that has tax
avoidance potential is disregarded for all Federal income tax purposes
if the transferee is a foreign person.'' Section 1.860G-3(a)(2)
provides, ``A residual interest has tax avoidance potential * * *
unless, at the time of the transfer, the transferor reasonably expects
that, for each excess inclusion, the REMIC will distribute to the
transferee residual interest holder an amount that will equal at least
30 percent of the excess inclusion, and that each such amount will be
distributed at or after the time at which the excess inclusion accrues
and not later than the close of the calendar year following the
calendar year of accrual.'' Accordingly, foreign persons are generally
precluded from becoming the direct holders of noneconomic residual
interests.
``Where necessary or appropriate to prevent the avoidance of tax
imposed by [chapter 1 of the Code],'' section 860G(b) authorizes the
adoption of regulations requiring REMIC net income inclusions of
foreign holders of REMIC residual interests to be taken into account
for purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442 earlier than is
provided in section 860G(b)(1). The legislative history of the Tax
Reform Act of 1986 indicates that Congress intended that this
regulatory authority may be exercised with respect to noneconomic
residual interests. See 2 H.R. Rep. No. 841, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. II-
236 (1986) (referring to residual interests that do ``not have
significant value'').
The IRS and Treasury Department have become aware that noneconomic
REMIC residual interests are being
[[Page 43364]]
transferred to domestic partnerships that subsequently allocate the
phantom income to foreign persons. If a partnership has no foreign
partners at the time the partnership acquires a noneconomic REMIC
residual interest, the person transferring the residual interest to the
partnership may take the position that neither Sec. 1.860E-1(c) nor
Sec. 1.860G-3 is applicable. In turn, the partnership may take the
position, by applying the aggregate approach to the relation between a
partnership and its partners, that foreign persons who later become
partners hold the REMIC residual interest that had previously been
acquired by the partnership. Based on the conclusion that the foreign
partners are holders of the residual interest, the partnership may take
the further position that, under section 860G(b), a withholding tax
obligation on the partnership's allocation to the foreign partner of
income from the residual interest arises no sooner than the time when
distributions on the residual interest are made by the REMIC
(distributions that will almost never occur with a noneconomic
residual) or when the interest is disposed of. Under this view, the
foreign holder's tax liability with respect to net income of the REMIC
(including excess inclusions) would be deferred until disposition of
the holder's interest in the REMIC residual interest, including a
disposition through termination of the REMIC, a disposition of the
REMIC residual interest by the partnership, or a disposition of the
partnership interest by the foreign partner.
The IRS and Treasury Department have concluded that, in order to
achieve effective assessment and collection of U.S. tax on REMIC net
income, including excess inclusion income, in furtherance of the
congressional purpose referenced above and section 860E(a)(1), (b), and
(e) and section 860G(b) of the Code, the time when foreign partners are
required to account for REMIC net income should be accelerated. That
is, for purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442, the temporary
regulations eliminate the deferral (relative to section 860C) that
section 860G(b)(1) might otherwise prescribe. To prevent the adoption
of similar schemes using real estate investment trusts, regulated
investment companies, common trust funds, or subchapter T cooperative
organizations, foreign persons to whom excess inclusion income is
allocated by any of these other entities must account for REMIC excess
inclusions on a similarly accelerated basis.
Several provisions of regulations under sections 1441 and 1442 are
relevant to the taxation of REMIC net income inclusions (and
particularly net income inclusions with respect to noneconomic REMIC
residual interests) that are allocated to foreign persons. Under Sec.
1.1441-2(e), for purposes of section 1441 and 1442, a payment generally
is considered made to a person if that person realizes income, whether
or not the income results from an actual transfer of cash or other
property. Under Sec. 1.1441-2(d)(1), however, if a withholding agent
is not related to the recipient or beneficial owner, the withholding
agent has an obligation to withhold only to the extent that, at any
time between the date that the obligation to withhold would arise but
for the provisions of Sec. 1.1441-2(d) and the due date for the filing
of a return on Form 1042, ``Annual Withholding Tax Return for U.S.
Source Income of Foreign Persons,'' (including extensions) for the year
in which the payment occurs, the withholding agent has control over, or
custody of money or property owned by the recipient or beneficial owner
from which to withhold an amount and has knowledge of the facts that
give rise to the payment. For this purpose, a withholding agent is
related to the recipient or beneficial owner if it is related within
the meaning of section 482. Section 1.1441-2(d)(1) further provides
that the foregoing exception does not apply ``to distributions with
respect to stock or if the lack of control or custody of money or
property owned by the recipient or beneficial owner from which to
withhold is part of a prearranged plan known to the withholding agent
to avoid withholding under sections 1441, 1442, or 1443.''
Under Sec. 1.1441-5(b)(2), a U.S. partnership is required to
withhold under Sec. 1.1441-1 as a withholding agent on an amount
subject to withholding (as defined in Sec. 1.1441-2(a)) that is
includible in the gross income of a partner that is a foreign person.
Except as provided in Sec. 1.1441-5(b)(2)(v) (which prevents a second
withholding obligation from arising with respect to the actual
distribution of income previously withheld upon as a distribution from
a U.S. partnership or trust), a U.S. partnership is required to
withhold when making any distributions that include amounts subject to
withholding. To the extent a foreign partner's distributive share of
income subject to withholding has not actually been distributed to the
foreign partner, the U.S. partnership must withhold on the foreign
partner's distributive share of the income on the earlier of the date
that the statement on Form 1065, ``U.S. Return of Partnership Income,''
is mailed (or otherwise provided) to the partner or the due date for
furnishing that statement.
Pursuant to the authority granted under section 860G(b), for
purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442, these temporary
regulations generally require a foreign partner in a partnership
holding one or more REMIC residual interests to take into account REMIC
net income inclusions at the end of its taxable year (or on the last
date of the taxable year of a partnership that allocates REMIC net
income to the foreign partner). The temporary regulations require a
foreign shareholder in a real estate investment trust or regulated
investment company, a foreign participant in a common trust fund, or a
foreign patron of a subchapter T cooperative organization to take into
account excess inclusion income at the same time as other income from
the entity.
The temporary regulations also provide that an excess inclusion is
treated as income from sources within the United States. The Treasury
Department and the IRS believe this treatment is appropriate because
the inclusions are largely phantom income arising from the special
provisions of the Code relating to REMICs and thus are unlikely to have
tax significance outside the United States. The temporary regulations
provide that, to the extent excess inclusions are taken into account
with respect to a residual interest, net losses with respect to the
residual interest are allocated and apportioned to the class and
grouping(s) of gross income to which the excess inclusions were
assigned.
The temporary regulations also provide that the exemption available
under certain circumstances to certain withholding agents that do not
have custody or control of money or property from which to satisfy a
withholding obligation is not available in any case with respect to an
excess inclusion subject to these rules. No inference is intended as to
whether, for purposes of this exemption, any right, obligation,
contract, or arrangement other than a REMIC residual interest
constitutes property of a sort from which a withholding obligation may
be satisfied.
Effective Date
The regulations regarding the timing of REMIC income inclusions
apply to REMIC net income of a foreign person with respect to REMIC
residual interests with respect to which the first REMIC net income
allocation to the foreign person under section 860C occurs on or after
August 1, 2006. The regulations
[[Page 43365]]
regarding the source of excess inclusions are applicable for taxable
years ending after August 1, 2006.
Special Analyses
It has been determined that this Treasury decision is not a
significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866.
Therefore, a regulatory assessment is not required. These regulations
are necessary to provide taxpayers with immediate guidance to
discourage the overly aggressive interpretations being employed for the
inappropriate avoidance of current income tax assessment or collection
by foreign persons who are allocated income from REMIC residual
interests. Accordingly, good cause is found for dispensing with notice
and public comment pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), and with a delayed
effective date pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(d). For the applicability of
the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) refer to the
special analysis section of the preamble to the cross-referenced notice
of proposed rulemaking published in the Proposed Rules section in this
issue of the Federal Register. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of Code,
these temporary regulations will be submitted to the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for comment on its impact
on small business.
Drafting Information
The principal author of these regulations is Dale Collinson, Office
of the Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products).
However, other personnel from the IRS and Treasury Department
participated in their development.
List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1
Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations
0
Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is amended as follows:
PART 1--INCOME TAXES
0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 is amended by adding
entries in numerical order to read, in part, as follows:
Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *
Section 1.860A-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(b) and
860G(e).
Section 1.860A-1T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(b) and
860G(e). * * *
Section 1.860G-3T also issued under 26 U.S.C. 860G(b) and
860G(e). * * *
0
Par. 2. Section 1.860A-0 is amended as follows:
0
1. Section 1.860A-1, paragraph (b)(5) is added.
0
2. Section 1.860A-1T is added.
0
3. Section 1.860G-3, paragraph (b) is revised.
0
4. Section 1.860G-3T is added.
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 1.860A-0 Outline of REMIC provisions.
* * * * *
Sec. 1.860A-1 Effective dates and transition rules.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(5) [Reserved].
Sec. 1.860A-1T Effective dates and transition rules (temporary).
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved].
(5) Accounting for REMIC net income of foreign persons.
* * * * *
Sec. 1.860G-3 Treatment of foreign persons.
* * * * *
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income. [Reserved].
Sec. 1.860G-3T Treatment of foreign persons (temporary).
(a) [Reserved].
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income.
(1) Allocation of partnership income to a foreign partner.
(2) Excess inclusion income allocated by certain pass-through
entities to a foreign person.
0
Par. 3. In Sec. 1.860A-1 paragraph (b)(5) is added to read as follows:
Sec. 1.860A-1 Effective dates and transition rules.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(5) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec. 1.860A-1T(b)(5).
0
Par. 4. Section 1.860A-1T is added to read as follows:
Sec. 1.860A-1T Effective dates and transition rules (temporary).
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec.
1.860A-1(a) through (b)(4).
(5) Accounting for REMIC net income of foreign persons. Section
1.860G-3T(b) is applicable to REMIC net income (including excess
inclusions) of a foreign person with respect to a REMIC residual
interest if the first net income allocation under section 860C(a)(1) to
the foreign person with respect to that interest occurs on or after
August 1, 2006. This section will expire July 31, 2009.
0
Par. 5. In Sec. 1.860G-3, paragraph (b) is revised as follows:
Sec. 1.860G-3 Treatment of foreign persons.
* * * * *
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income. [Reserved]. For further
guidance, see Sec. 1.860G-3T(b).
0
Par. 6. Section 1.860G-3T is added to read as follows:
Sec. 1.860G-3T Treatment of foreign persons (temporary).
(a) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec. 1.860G-3(a).
(b) Accounting for REMIC net income--(1) Allocation of partnership
income to a foreign partner. A domestic partnership shall separately
state its allocable share of REMIC taxable income or net loss in
accordance with Sec. 1.702-1(a)(8). If a domestic partnership
allocates all or some portion of its allocable share of REMIC taxable
income to a partner that is a foreign person, the amount allocated to
the foreign partner shall be taken into account by the foreign partner
for purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442 as if that amount
were received on the last day of the partnership's taxable year, except
to the extent that some or all of the amount is required to be taken
into account by the foreign partner at an earlier time under section
860G(b) as a result of a distribution by the partnership to the foreign
partner or a disposition of the foreign partner's indirect interest in
the REMIC residual interest. A disposition in whole or in part of the
foreign partner's indirect interest in the REMIC residual interest may
occur as a result of a termination of the REMIC, a disposition of the
partnership's residual interest in the REMIC, a disposition of the
foreign partner's interest in the partnership, or any other reduction
in the foreign partner's allocable share of the portion of the REMIC
net income or deduction allocated to the partnership. See Sec. 1.871-
14(d)(2) for the treatment of interest received on a regular or
residual interest in a REMIC. For a partnership's withholding
obligations with respect to excess inclusion amounts described in this
paragraph (b)(1), see Sec. 1.1441-2T(b)(5), Sec. 1.1441-2T(d)(4),
Sec. 1.1441-5(b)(2)(i)(A) and Sec. Sec. 1.1446-1 through 1.1446-7.
(2) Excess inclusion income allocated by certain pass-through
entities to a foreign person. If an amount is allocated under section
860E(d)(1) to a foreign person that is a shareholder of a real estate
investment trust or a regulated investment company, a participant in a
common trust fund, or a patron of an organization to which part I of
subchapter T applies and if the amount so allocated is governed by
section 860E(d)(2) (treating it ``as an excess
[[Page 43366]]
inclusion with respect to a residual interest held by'' the taxpayer),
the amount shall be taken into account for purposes of sections 871(a),
881, 1441, and 1442 at the same time as the time prescribed for other
income of the shareholder, participant, or patron from the trust,
company, fund, or organization.
0
Par. 7. Section 1.863-0 table of contents is amended as follows:
0
1. The entries for Sec. 1.863-1(e) are revised.
0
2. Entries for Sec. 1.863-1T are added.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 1.863-0 Table of contents.
* * * * *
Sec. 1.863-1 Allocation of gross income under section 863(a).
* * * * *
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC.
(1) REMIC inducement fees.
(2) Excess inclusion income and net losses.
* * * * *
Sec. 1.863-1T Allocation of gross income under section 863(a).
(a) through (d) [Reserved].
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC.
(1) REMIC inducement fees.
(2) Excess inclusion income and net losses.
(f) Effective date.
0
Par. 8. Section 1.863-1 is amended as follows:
0
1. The paragraph heading for paragraph (e) is revised.
0
2. The text of paragraph (e) is redesignated as (e)(1).
0
3. A new paragraph heading for paragraph (e)(1) is added.
0
4. A new paragraph (e)(2) is added.
0
5. The last sentence of paragraph (f) is revised and a new sentence is
added to the end.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 1.863-1 Allocation of gross income under section 863(a).
* * * * *
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC--(1) REMIC inducement fees. * * *
(2) Excess inclusion income and net losses. [Reserved]. For further
guidance, see Sec. 1.863-1T(e)(2).
(f) * * * Paragraph (e)(1) of this section is applicable for
taxable years ending on or after May 11, 2004. For further guidance,
see Sec. 1.863-1T(f).
0
Par. 9. Section 1.863-1T is added to read as follows:
Sec. 1.863-1T Allocation of gross income under section 863(a)
(temporary).
(a) through (d) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec. 1.863-
1(a) through (d).
(e) Residual interest in a REMIC--(1) REMIC inducement fees.
[Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec. 1.863-1(e)(1).
(2) Excess inclusion income and net losses. An excess inclusion (as
defined in section 860E(c)) shall be treated as income from sources
within the United States. To the extent of excess inclusion income
previously taken into account with respect to a residual interest
(reduced by net losses previously taken into account under this
paragraph), a net loss (described in section 860C(b)(2)) with respect
to the residual interest shall be allocated to the class of gross
income and apportioned to the statutory grouping(s) or residual
grouping of gross income to which the excess inclusion income was
assigned.
(f) Effective date. Paragraph (e)(2) of this section applies for
taxable years ending after August 1, 2006. For further guidance, see
Sec. 1.863-1(f). This section will expire July 31, 2009.
0
Par. 10. Section 1.1441-0 is amended by adding entries for Sec. Sec.
1.1441-2(b)(5), 1.1441-2(d)(4), and 1.1441-2T to read as follows:
Sec. 1.1441-0 Outline of regulation provisions for section 1441.
* * * * *
Sec. 1.1441-2 Amounts subject to withholding.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(5) REMIC residual interests.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(4) Withholding exemption inapplicable.
* * * * *
Sec. 1.1441-2T Amounts subject to withholding.
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved].
(5) REMIC residual interests.
(c) through (d)(3) [Reserved].
(d)(4) Withholding exemption inapplicable.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) Effective date.
* * * * *
0
Par. 11. Section 1.1441-2 is amended by adding paragraphs (b)(5) and
(d)(4), and a sentence to the end of paragraph (f), to read as follows:
Sec. 1.1441-2 Amounts subject to withholding.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(5) REMIC residual interest. [Reserved]. For further guidance, see
Sec. 1.1441-2T(b)(5).
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(4) Withholding exemption inapplicable. For further guidance, see
Sec. 1.1441-2T(d)(4).
* * * * *
(f) * * * For further guidance, see Sec. 1.1441-2T(f).
0
Par. 12. Section 1.1441-2T is added to read as follows:
Sec. 1.1441-2T Amounts subject to withholding (temporary).
(a) through (b)(4) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec.
1.1441-2(a) through (b)(4).
(5) REMIC residual interests. Amounts subject to withholding
include an excess inclusion described in Sec. 1.860G-3T(b)(2) and the
portion of an amount described in Sec. 1.860G-3T(b)(1) that is an
excess inclusion.
(c) through (d)(3) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec.
1.1441-2 (c) through (d)(3).
(4) Withholding exemption inapplicable. The exemption in Sec.
1.1441-2(d) from the obligation to withhold shall not apply to amounts
described in Sec. 1.860G-3T(b)(1) (regarding certain partnership
allocations of REMIC net income with respect to a REMIC residual
interest).
(e) [Reserved]. For further guidance, see Sec. 1.1441-2(e).
(f) Effective date. This section applies after August 1, 2006. This
section will expire July 31, 2009.
Mark E. Matthews,
Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.
Approved: July 14, 2006.
Eric Solomon,
Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
[FR Doc. E6-12363 Filed 7-31-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830-01-P