Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Model 757 Airplanes, 18194-18197 [06-3378]
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18194
Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 11, 2006 / Rules and Regulations
special conditions upon issuance. The
FAA is requesting comments to allow
interested persons to submit views that
may not have been submitted in
response to the prior opportunities for
comment described above.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements.
The authority citation for these
special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the
authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special
conditions are issued as part of the
supplemental type certification basis for
the McDonnell Douglas DC–8–72F
airplanes modified by Avionics and
Systems Integration Group, LLC.
1. Protection from Unwanted Effects
of High-Intensity Radiated Fields
(HIRF). Each electrical and electronic
system that performs critical functions
must be designed and installed to
ensure that the operation and
operational capability of the system to
perform critical functions are not
adversely affected when the airplane is
exposed to high-intensity radiated
fields.
2. For the purpose of these special
conditions, the following definition
applies:
Critical Functions: Functions whose
failure would contribute to or cause a
failure condition that would prevent the
continued safe flight and landing of the
airplane.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on March
17, 2006.
Ali Bahrami,
Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 06–3423 Filed 4–10–06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2005–22471; Directorate
Identifier 2005–NM–142–AD; Amendment
39–14550; AD 2006–07–23]
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RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Boeing
Model 757 Airplanes
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
AGENCY:
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ACTION:
Final rule.
SUMMARY: The FAA is adopting a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for all
Boeing Model 757 airplanes. This AD
requires repetitive measurements of the
freeplay of each of the three power
control units (PCUs) that move the
rudder; repetitive lubrication of rudder
components; and corrective actions if
necessary. This AD results from a report
of freeplay-induced vibration of the
rudder. The potential for vibration of
the control surface should be avoided
because the point of transition from
vibration to divergent flutter is
unknown. We are issuing this AD to
prevent excessive vibration of the
airframe during flight, which could
result in divergent flutter and loss of
control of the airplane.
DATES: This AD becomes effective May
16, 2006.
The Director of the Federal Register
approved the incorporation by reference
of certain publications listed in the AD
as of May 16, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
docket on the Internet at https://
dms.dot.gov or in person at the Docket
Management Facility, U.S. Department
of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street
SW., Nassif Building, room PL–401,
Washington, DC.
Contact Boeing Commercial
Airplanes, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle,
Washington 98124–2207, for service
information identified in this AD.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Dennis Stremick, Aerospace Engineer,
Airframe Branch, ANM–120S, Seattle
Aircraft Certification Office, FAA, 1601
Lind Avenue, SW., Renton, Washington
98055–4056; telephone (425) 917–6450;
fax (425) 917–6590.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Examining the Docket
You may examine the airworthiness
directive (AD) docket on the Internet at
https://dms.dot.gov or in person at the
Docket Management Facility office
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
The Docket Management Facility office
(telephone (800) 647–5227) is located on
the plaza level of the Nassif Building at
the street address stated in the
ADDRESSES section.
Discussion
The FAA issued a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would
apply to all Boeing Model 757 airplanes.
That NPRM was published in the
Federal Register on September 21, 2005
(70 FR 55321). That NPRM proposed to
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require repetitive measurements of the
freeplay of each of the three power
control units (PCUs) that move the
rudder; repetitive lubrication of rudder
components; and corrective actions if
necessary.
Comments
We provided the public the
opportunity to participate in the
development of this AD. We have
considered the comments received.
Request To Revise Discussion Section’s
Reference to Freeplay-Induced Flutter
Boeing requests that we revise the
wording in the first sentence of the
Discussion section of the NPRM to
replace the phrase ‘‘freeplay-induced
flutter’’ with the phrase ‘‘freeplayinduced vibration.’’ Boeing states that
the event noted in the Discussion
section was not divergent flutter, but
was a constant amplitude event induced
by excessive freeplay. Boeing states that
the service event is consistently
described as freeplay-induced vibration
elsewhere in the NPRM. Boeing points
out that using the phrase ‘‘freeplayinduced flutter’’ in relation to the
service event may lead readers to the
incorrect conclusion that the service
event was divergent flutter.
We agree that the Discussion section
incorrectly stated that there has been
one report of ‘‘freeplay-induced flutter,’’
rather than ‘‘freeplay-induced
vibration.’’ Since the Discussion section
of the preamble does not reappear in the
final rule, we have not changed that
section. However, we have changed the
unsafe condition in the Summary
paragraph and in paragraph (d) of this
AD to include clarification about
freeplay-induced vibration.
Request To Clarify Paragraph (e),
‘‘Compliance’’
Boeing also requests that we change
paragraph (e), ‘‘Compliance,’’ which
states, ‘‘* * * unless the actions have
already been done.’’ Boeing requests
that we clarify the sentence by stating,
‘‘* * * unless the actions have already
been done per the appropriate service
bulletin referenced in paragraph (f)
below.’’ Boeing requests that we give
credit for lubrications accomplished
previously in accordance with the
airplane maintenance manual (AMM).
Boeing also states that the service
bulletins specified in paragraph (f) of
the NPRM institute significant
improvements in the freeplay
measurements and procedures over
those in the AMM. Boeing would like to
ensure that freeplay checks performed
per the AMM are not considered
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equivalent to the service bulletin
procedures.
We partially agree with Boeing. We
disagree with the request to change
paragraph (e), ‘‘Compliance,’’ of this
AD. Paragraph (e) is written specifically
in reference to the actions in this AD
and not in reference to the actions
performed in accordance with any
document that is not specifically
referenced in this AD; the actions must
be accomplished exactly as prescribed
by the AD. Paragraph (e) of this AD
allows for compliance only when the
required actions have already been done
in accordance with the required service
information. Therefore, the freeplay
measurement must be done in
accordance with the procedures
specified in the service bulletins
referenced in the AD. For the
lubrication, the service bulletins
reference the AMM for the procedures.
The AMM is not referenced in the AD.
Compliance with any revision of the
AMM is acceptable for compliance with
the lubrication requirements of this AD.
We have not changed the AD in this
regard. However, the operators may
request approval of an alternative
method of compliance (AMOC) in
accordance with the procedures in
paragraph (k) of this AD.
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Request To Shorten Compliance Time
for Lubrication
The Airline Pilot’s Association
(ALPA) agrees with the actions in the
NPRM; however, ALPA states that the
proposed implementation period is too
long, considering the possible results.
ALPA states that the lubrication
requirement, in particular, should be
required in as little as 90 days. ALPA
recommends that we consider
shortening the required compliance
time for each element of the AD.
We disagree. ALPA did not provide
technical data to support the requests.
The compliance time for the lubrication
is 9 months after the effective date of the
AD. This compliance time agrees with
the manufacturer’s recommendation. In
addition, service history shows that the
lubrication is not an urgent issue that
requires action within 90 days. We have
not changed the AD in this regard.
Request To Express Repetitive Interval
in Terms of Flight Hours
US Airways and the Air Transport
Association (ATA) request that we
specify the repetitive intervals for both
the freeplay measurement and the
rudder lubrication only in terms of
flight hours so that both requirements
can be accomplished, to the greatest
extent possible, during compatible,
scheduled maintenance visits. The
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commenters explain that expressing the
compliance times only in terms of flight
hours would allow for completing both
requirements during the heavy
maintenance C-check, which U.S.
Airways does at the earlier of 6,000
flight hours or 592 days. The proposed
rule would require repetitive freeplay
measurements at the earlier of 12,000
flight hours or 36 months; and repetitive
lubrications at the earlier of 6,000 flight
hours or 18 months. U.S. Airways states
that it would like to complete both
actions at the same time during the
heavy maintenance visit because the
environment, away from the elements
with a tail stand set up, would better
facilitate these actions. The commenters
state that the rule, as proposed, would
require the lubrication to be
accomplished during special line
maintenance visits, and the rudder
freeplay measurement to be done twice
as frequently to fit into its existing Cchecks.
We disagree with the commenters’
request to state the compliance times
only in terms of flight hours. The
lubrication is required at intervals not to
exceed the earlier of 3,000 flight hours
or 9 months for airplanes on which BMS
3–33 grease is not used; and the earlier
of 6,000 flight hours or 18 months for
airplanes on which BMS 3–33 grease is
used. U.S. Airways did not indicate
which grease it uses. In addition, the
commenters did not provide technical
substantiation allowing the calendar
time to exceed 9 months or 18 months,
depending on the type of grease used.
The compliance times in the NPRM are
consistent with the manufacturer’s
recommendations. We have determined
that the compliance times in the AD
represent the maximum interval of time
allowable for the affected airplanes to
continue to safely operate before the
actions are done. Since maintenance
schedules vary among operators, there
would be no assurance that the actions
would be done during that maximum
interval. We have not changed the AD
in this regard. However, the commenters
may request approval of an AMOC in
accordance with the procedures in
paragraph (k) of this AD.
Request To Include Procedures for
Rudder Lubrication
Northwest Airlines and the ATA
request that we specify in the AD the
procedures required for rudder
lubrication, or require that those
procedures be specified in the
applicable service bulletins. The
commenters explain that the AMMs
referenced in the service bulletins are
not identified by date, and that there
could be subsequent revisions by Boeing
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18195
or an airplane operator, unaware that
the procedure is mandated by an AD.
The commenters add that AMMs are not
subject to FAA approval. If the FAA is
concerned that future AMM revisions
could change the intent of the NPRM,
Northwest Airlines states that the FAA
should identify the lubrication
procedures in the NPRM or the service
bulletin so that FAA approval is
required before the procedures are
revised.
We disagree with including specific
lubrication procedures in the AD. The
unsafe condition is caused by excessive
freeplay, which allows control surfaces
to vibrate. The lubrication minimizes
wear and corrosion in all critical
mechanical joints in the rudder control
surfaces. The service bulletins contain
specific procedures for measuring the
freeplay. The AMMs referred to in the
service bulletins show where to apply
grease and specify which grease to use.
These AMMs give lubrication
procedures that follow industry
standard practices. In addition, the AD
specifies that using one grease (BMS 3–
33) maximizes the repetitive interval for
the lubrications. We have not changed
the AD in this regard.
Request To Extend Initial Threshold
American Airlines and the ATA
request that we revise paragraphs (g)
and (i) to account for operators who use
BMS 3–33 grease. The commenters
request that the interval for the initial
freeplay measurement be extended from
18 months to 36 months, and that the
interval for the initial lubrication be
extended from 9 months to 18 months.
The commenters state that these
changes would be consistent with the
proposed repetitive intervals. American
Airlines explains that the safety of flight
issue with the rudder load loop is the
lack of rudder component lubrication.
The lack of lubrication allows metal-tometal contact and infiltration of water
and contaminants into the bearing
surfaces, causing corrosion and
inducing freeplay into the rudder
system. The commenters point out that
the recommended changes to the
proposed AD would allow operators
that currently use BMS 3–33 grease
every 18 months or 6,000 flight hours to
extend the initial intervals.
We disagree. The commenters do not
account for the fact that flight hours,
particularly at cruise, exacerbate the
wear of all the critical joints; the
freeplay in the flight control surface is
cause by control-system wear and
corrosion. In addition, the commenters
do not provide technical justification for
extending the interval for the initial
freeplay measurement. The initial
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 11, 2006 / Rules and Regulations
freeplay measurement done in
accordance with the AD is critical to
establish a baseline for the entire fleet.
Service history for these airplanes has
shown that the initial intervals for the
freeplay measurement and lubrication
are adequate. We have not changed the
AD in this regard.
Clarification of Service Bulletin
Reference
We have included in paragraph (f) of
this AD a reference to Appendix A of
Boeing Special Attention Service
Bulletin 757–27–0148, dated June 16,
2005; and Boeing Special Attention
Service Bulletin 757–27–0149, dated
June 16, 2005. The appendixes contain
reference information for doing the
actions in the Accomplishment
Instructions. The NPRM referred only to
the Accomplishment Instructions and
excluded mention of the appendixes.
Clarification of AMOC Paragraph
We have revised this action to clarify
the appropriate procedure for notifying
the principal inspector before using any
approved AMOC on any airplane to
which the AMOC applies.
Conclusion
We have carefully reviewed the
available data, including the comments
received, and determined that air safety
and the public interest require adopting
the AD with the changes described
previously. We have determined that
these changes will neither increase the
economic burden on any operator nor
increase the scope of the AD.
Costs of Compliance
There are about 1,040 airplanes of the
affected design in the worldwide fleet.
The following table provides the
estimated costs for U.S. operators to
comply with this AD. No parts are
necessary to accomplish either action.
ESTIMATED COSTS
Action
Average
labor rate
per hour
Work hours
Cost per airplane
Number of
U.S.-registered airplanes
Freeplay measurement .............
4
$65
$260, per measurement cycle ..
679
Lubrication .................................
8
65
$520, per lubrication cycle .......
679
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code
specifies the FAA’s authority to issue
rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I,
Section 106, describes the authority of
the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII,
Aviation Programs, describes in more
detail the scope of the Agency’s
authority.
We are issuing this rulemaking under
the authority described in Subtitle VII,
Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701,
‘‘General requirements.’’ Under that
section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in
air commerce by prescribing regulations
for practices, methods, and procedures
the Administrator finds necessary for
safety in air commerce. This regulation
is within the scope of that authority
because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on
products identified in this rulemaking
action.
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Regulatory Findings
We have determined that this AD will
not have federalism implications under
Executive Order 13132. This AD will
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I
certify that this AD:
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Fleet cost
$176,540, per measurement
cycle.
$353,080, per lubrication cycle.
(1) Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under Executive Order 12866;
(2) Is not a ‘‘significant rule’’ under
DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
(44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979); and
(3) Will not have a significant
economic impact, positive or negative,
on a substantial number of small entities
under the criteria of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act.
We prepared a regulatory evaluation
of the estimated costs to comply with
this AD and placed it in the AD docket.
See the ADDRESSES section for a location
to examine the regulatory evaluation.
2006–07–23 BOEING: Amendment 39–
14550. Docket No. FAA–2005–22471;
Directorate Identifier 2005–NM–142–AD.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation
safety, Incorporation by reference,
Safety.
(d) This AD results from a report of
freeplay-induced vibration of the rudder. The
potential for vibration of the control surface
should be avoided because the point of
transition from vibration to divergent flutter
is unknown. We are issuing this AD to
prevent excessive vibration of the airframe
during flight, which could result in divergent
flutter and loss of control of the airplane.
Adoption of the Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority
delegated to me by the Administrator,
the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as
follows:
I
Effective Date
(a) This AD becomes effective May 16,
2006.
Affected ADs
(b) None.
Applicability
(c) This AD applies to all Boeing Model
757–200, –200PF, –200CB, and –300 series
airplanes, certificated in any category.
Unsafe Condition
Compliance
PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS
DIRECTIVES
(e) You are responsible for having the
actions required by this AD performed within
the compliance times specified, unless the
actions have already been done.
1. The authority citation for part 39
continues to read as follows:
Service Bulletin References
I
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
§ 39.13
[Amended]
2. The Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) amends § 39.13
by adding the following new
airworthiness directive (AD):
I
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(f) The term ‘‘service bulletin,’’ as used in
this AD, means the Accomplishment
Instructions and Appendix A of the following
service bulletins, as applicable:
(1) For Model 757–200, –200PF, –200CB
series airplanes: Boeing Special Attention
Service Bulletin 757–27–0148, dated June 16,
2005; and
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 11, 2006 / Rules and Regulations
(2) For Model 757–300 series airplanes:
Boeing Special Attention Service Bulletin
757–27–0149, dated June 16, 2005.
Repetitive Measurements
(g) Within 18 months after the effective
date of this AD: Measure the freeplay for each
of the three power control units that move
the rudder. Repeat the measurement
thereafter at intervals not to exceed 12,000
flight hours or 36 months, whichever occurs
first. Do all actions required by this
paragraph in accordance with the applicable
service bulletin.
Related Investigative and Corrective Actions
(h) If any measurement found in paragraph
(g) of this AD is outside certain limits
specified in the service bulletin: Before
further flight, do the applicable related
investigative and corrective actions in
accordance with the service bulletin.
Repetitive Lubrication
(i) Within 9 months after the effective date
of this AD: Lubricate the rudder components
specified in the applicable service bulletin.
Repeat the lubrication thereafter at the
applicable interval in paragraph (i)(1) or (i)(2)
of this AD. Do all actions required by this
paragraph in accordance with the applicable
service bulletin.
(1) For airplanes on which BMS 3–33
grease is not used: 3,000 flight hours or 9
months, whichever occurs first.
(2) For airplanes on which BMS 3–33
grease is used: 6,000 flight hours or 18
months, whichever occurs first.
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Concurrent Repetitive Cycles
(j) If a freeplay measurement required by
paragraph (g) of this AD and a lubrication
cycle required by paragraph (i) of this AD are
due at the same time or will be accomplished
during the same maintenance visit, the
freeplay measurement and applicable related
investigative and corrective actions must be
done before the lubrication is accomplished.
Alternative Methods of Compliance
(AMOCs)
(k)(1) The Manager, Seattle Aircraft
Certification Office (ACO), FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if
requested in accordance with the procedures
found in 14 CFR 39.19.
(2) Before using any AMOC approved in
accordance with § 39.19 on any airplane to
which the AMOC applies, notify the
appropriate principal inspector in the FAA
Flight Standards Certificate Holding District
Office.
(3) An AMOC that provides an acceptable
level of safety may be used for any repair
required by this AD, if it is approved by an
Authorized Representative for the Boeing
Commercial Airplanes Delegation Option
Authorization Organization who has been
authorized by the Manager, Seattle ACO, to
make those findings. For a repair method to
be approved, the repair must meet the
certification basis of the airplane, and the
approval must specifically refer to this AD.
Material Incorporated by Reference
(l) You must use Boeing Special Attention
Service Bulletin 757–27–0148, dated June 16,
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2005; or Boeing Special Attention Service
Bulletin 757–27–0149, dated June 16, 2005;
as applicable; to perform the actions that are
required by this AD, unless the AD specifies
otherwise. The Director of the Federal
Register approved the incorporation by
reference of these documents in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
Contact Boeing Commercial Airplanes, P.O.
Box 3707, Seattle, Washington 98124–2207,
for a copy of this service information. You
may review copies at the Docket Management
Facility, U.S. Department of Transportation,
400 Seventh Street SW., room PL–401, Nassif
Building, Washington, DC; on the Internet at
https://dms.dot.gov; or at the National
Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the availability
of this material at the NARA, call (202) 741–
6030, or go to https://www.archives.gov/
federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/
ibr_locations.html.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on March
30, 2006.
Ali Bahrami,
Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 06–3378 Filed 4–10–06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2005–20688; Directorate
Identifier 2004–NM–165–AD; Amendment
39–14551; AD 2006–07–24]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Boeing
Model 757–200 and –300 Series
Airplanes
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
The FAA is adopting a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for certain
Boeing Model 757–200 and -300 series
airplanes. This AD requires replacing
certain electrical panels with certain
new panels. This AD results from a
report of some loose wire terminations
in the P50 panel that caused
intermittent indications in the flight
deck. We are issuing this AD to prevent
intermittent indications in the flight
deck, incorrect circuitry operation in the
panels, and airplane system
malfunctions that may adversely affect
the alternate flaps, alternate gear
extension, and fire extinguishing.
DATES: This AD becomes effective May
16, 2006.
The Director of the Federal Register
approved the incorporation by reference
SUMMARY:
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18197
of certain publications listed in the AD
as of May 16, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
docket on the Internet at https://
dms.dot.gov or in person at the Docket
Management Facility, U.S. Department
of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street
SW., Nassif Building, Room PL–401,
Washington, DC.
Contact Boeing Commercial
Airplanes, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle,
Washington 98124–2207, for service
information identified in this AD.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Louis Natsiopoulos, Aerospace
Engineer, Systems and Equipment
Branch, ANM–130S, FAA, Seattle
Aircraft Certification Office, 1601 Lind
Avenue, SW., Renton, Washington
98055–4056; telephone (425) 917–6478;
fax (425) 917–6590.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Examining the Docket
You may examine the airworthiness
directive (AD) docket on the Internet at
https://dms.dot.gov or in person at the
Docket Management Facility office
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
The Docket Management Facility office
(telephone (800) 647–5227) is located on
the plaza level of the Nassif Building at
the street address stated in the
ADDRESSES section.
Discussion
The FAA issued a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would
apply to certain Boeing Model 757–200
and -300 series airplanes. That NPRM
was published in the Federal Register
on March 23, 2005 (70 FR 14592). That
NPRM proposed to require replacing
certain electrical panels with certain
new panels.
Comments
We provided the public the
opportunity to participate in the
development of this AD. We have
considered the comments received.
Support for the NPRM
The Boeing Company and American
Airlines support the NPRM.
Request to Address Defective Parts
Manufacturer Approval (PMA) Parts
The Modification and Replacement
Parts Association (MARPA) requests
that the NPRM be revised to cover
possible defective PMA alternative parts
and to identify the manufacturer of the
defective electrical panels, so that those
defective PMA parts also are subject to
the NPRM. MARPA states that the
electrical panels are identified in the
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 69 (Tuesday, April 11, 2006)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 18194-18197]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-3378]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA-2005-22471; Directorate Identifier 2005-NM-142-AD;
Amendment 39-14550; AD 2006-07-23]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Model 757 Airplanes
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The FAA is adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all
Boeing Model 757 airplanes. This AD requires repetitive measurements of
the freeplay of each of the three power control units (PCUs) that move
the rudder; repetitive lubrication of rudder components; and corrective
actions if necessary. This AD results from a report of freeplay-induced
vibration of the rudder. The potential for vibration of the control
surface should be avoided because the point of transition from
vibration to divergent flutter is unknown. We are issuing this AD to
prevent excessive vibration of the airframe during flight, which could
result in divergent flutter and loss of control of the airplane.
DATES: This AD becomes effective May 16, 2006.
The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of certain publications listed in the AD as of May 16, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD docket on the Internet at https://
dms.dot.gov or in person at the Docket Management Facility, U.S.
Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Nassif Building,
room PL-401, Washington, DC.
Contact Boeing Commercial Airplanes, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle,
Washington 98124-2207, for service information identified in this AD.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dennis Stremick, Aerospace Engineer,
Airframe Branch, ANM-120S, Seattle Aircraft Certification Office, FAA,
1601 Lind Avenue, SW., Renton, Washington 98055-4056; telephone (425)
917-6450; fax (425) 917-6590.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Examining the Docket
You may examine the airworthiness directive (AD) docket on the
Internet at https://dms.dot.gov or in person at the Docket Management
Facility office between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays. The Docket Management Facility office
(telephone (800) 647-5227) is located on the plaza level of the Nassif
Building at the street address stated in the ADDRESSES section.
Discussion
The FAA issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14
CFR part 39 to include an AD that would apply to all Boeing Model 757
airplanes. That NPRM was published in the Federal Register on September
21, 2005 (70 FR 55321). That NPRM proposed to require repetitive
measurements of the freeplay of each of the three power control units
(PCUs) that move the rudder; repetitive lubrication of rudder
components; and corrective actions if necessary.
Comments
We provided the public the opportunity to participate in the
development of this AD. We have considered the comments received.
Request To Revise Discussion Section's Reference to Freeplay-Induced
Flutter
Boeing requests that we revise the wording in the first sentence of
the Discussion section of the NPRM to replace the phrase ``freeplay-
induced flutter'' with the phrase ``freeplay-induced vibration.''
Boeing states that the event noted in the Discussion section was not
divergent flutter, but was a constant amplitude event induced by
excessive freeplay. Boeing states that the service event is
consistently described as freeplay-induced vibration elsewhere in the
NPRM. Boeing points out that using the phrase ``freeplay-induced
flutter'' in relation to the service event may lead readers to the
incorrect conclusion that the service event was divergent flutter.
We agree that the Discussion section incorrectly stated that there
has been one report of ``freeplay-induced flutter,'' rather than
``freeplay-induced vibration.'' Since the Discussion section of the
preamble does not reappear in the final rule, we have not changed that
section. However, we have changed the unsafe condition in the Summary
paragraph and in paragraph (d) of this AD to include clarification
about freeplay-induced vibration.
Request To Clarify Paragraph (e), ``Compliance''
Boeing also requests that we change paragraph (e), ``Compliance,''
which states, ``* * * unless the actions have already been done.''
Boeing requests that we clarify the sentence by stating, ``* * * unless
the actions have already been done per the appropriate service bulletin
referenced in paragraph (f) below.'' Boeing requests that we give
credit for lubrications accomplished previously in accordance with the
airplane maintenance manual (AMM). Boeing also states that the service
bulletins specified in paragraph (f) of the NPRM institute significant
improvements in the freeplay measurements and procedures over those in
the AMM. Boeing would like to ensure that freeplay checks performed per
the AMM are not considered
[[Page 18195]]
equivalent to the service bulletin procedures.
We partially agree with Boeing. We disagree with the request to
change paragraph (e), ``Compliance,'' of this AD. Paragraph (e) is
written specifically in reference to the actions in this AD and not in
reference to the actions performed in accordance with any document that
is not specifically referenced in this AD; the actions must be
accomplished exactly as prescribed by the AD. Paragraph (e) of this AD
allows for compliance only when the required actions have already been
done in accordance with the required service information. Therefore,
the freeplay measurement must be done in accordance with the procedures
specified in the service bulletins referenced in the AD. For the
lubrication, the service bulletins reference the AMM for the
procedures. The AMM is not referenced in the AD. Compliance with any
revision of the AMM is acceptable for compliance with the lubrication
requirements of this AD. We have not changed the AD in this regard.
However, the operators may request approval of an alternative method of
compliance (AMOC) in accordance with the procedures in paragraph (k) of
this AD.
Request To Shorten Compliance Time for Lubrication
The Airline Pilot's Association (ALPA) agrees with the actions in
the NPRM; however, ALPA states that the proposed implementation period
is too long, considering the possible results. ALPA states that the
lubrication requirement, in particular, should be required in as little
as 90 days. ALPA recommends that we consider shortening the required
compliance time for each element of the AD.
We disagree. ALPA did not provide technical data to support the
requests. The compliance time for the lubrication is 9 months after the
effective date of the AD. This compliance time agrees with the
manufacturer's recommendation. In addition, service history shows that
the lubrication is not an urgent issue that requires action within 90
days. We have not changed the AD in this regard.
Request To Express Repetitive Interval in Terms of Flight Hours
US Airways and the Air Transport Association (ATA) request that we
specify the repetitive intervals for both the freeplay measurement and
the rudder lubrication only in terms of flight hours so that both
requirements can be accomplished, to the greatest extent possible,
during compatible, scheduled maintenance visits. The commenters explain
that expressing the compliance times only in terms of flight hours
would allow for completing both requirements during the heavy
maintenance C-check, which U.S. Airways does at the earlier of 6,000
flight hours or 592 days. The proposed rule would require repetitive
freeplay measurements at the earlier of 12,000 flight hours or 36
months; and repetitive lubrications at the earlier of 6,000 flight
hours or 18 months. U.S. Airways states that it would like to complete
both actions at the same time during the heavy maintenance visit
because the environment, away from the elements with a tail stand set
up, would better facilitate these actions. The commenters state that
the rule, as proposed, would require the lubrication to be accomplished
during special line maintenance visits, and the rudder freeplay
measurement to be done twice as frequently to fit into its existing C-
checks.
We disagree with the commenters' request to state the compliance
times only in terms of flight hours. The lubrication is required at
intervals not to exceed the earlier of 3,000 flight hours or 9 months
for airplanes on which BMS 3-33 grease is not used; and the earlier of
6,000 flight hours or 18 months for airplanes on which BMS 3-33 grease
is used. U.S. Airways did not indicate which grease it uses. In
addition, the commenters did not provide technical substantiation
allowing the calendar time to exceed 9 months or 18 months, depending
on the type of grease used. The compliance times in the NPRM are
consistent with the manufacturer's recommendations. We have determined
that the compliance times in the AD represent the maximum interval of
time allowable for the affected airplanes to continue to safely operate
before the actions are done. Since maintenance schedules vary among
operators, there would be no assurance that the actions would be done
during that maximum interval. We have not changed the AD in this
regard. However, the commenters may request approval of an AMOC in
accordance with the procedures in paragraph (k) of this AD.
Request To Include Procedures for Rudder Lubrication
Northwest Airlines and the ATA request that we specify in the AD
the procedures required for rudder lubrication, or require that those
procedures be specified in the applicable service bulletins. The
commenters explain that the AMMs referenced in the service bulletins
are not identified by date, and that there could be subsequent
revisions by Boeing or an airplane operator, unaware that the procedure
is mandated by an AD. The commenters add that AMMs are not subject to
FAA approval. If the FAA is concerned that future AMM revisions could
change the intent of the NPRM, Northwest Airlines states that the FAA
should identify the lubrication procedures in the NPRM or the service
bulletin so that FAA approval is required before the procedures are
revised.
We disagree with including specific lubrication procedures in the
AD. The unsafe condition is caused by excessive freeplay, which allows
control surfaces to vibrate. The lubrication minimizes wear and
corrosion in all critical mechanical joints in the rudder control
surfaces. The service bulletins contain specific procedures for
measuring the freeplay. The AMMs referred to in the service bulletins
show where to apply grease and specify which grease to use. These AMMs
give lubrication procedures that follow industry standard practices. In
addition, the AD specifies that using one grease (BMS 3-33) maximizes
the repetitive interval for the lubrications. We have not changed the
AD in this regard.
Request To Extend Initial Threshold
American Airlines and the ATA request that we revise paragraphs (g)
and (i) to account for operators who use BMS 3-33 grease. The
commenters request that the interval for the initial freeplay
measurement be extended from 18 months to 36 months, and that the
interval for the initial lubrication be extended from 9 months to 18
months. The commenters state that these changes would be consistent
with the proposed repetitive intervals. American Airlines explains that
the safety of flight issue with the rudder load loop is the lack of
rudder component lubrication. The lack of lubrication allows metal-to-
metal contact and infiltration of water and contaminants into the
bearing surfaces, causing corrosion and inducing freeplay into the
rudder system. The commenters point out that the recommended changes to
the proposed AD would allow operators that currently use BMS 3-33
grease every 18 months or 6,000 flight hours to extend the initial
intervals.
We disagree. The commenters do not account for the fact that flight
hours, particularly at cruise, exacerbate the wear of all the critical
joints; the freeplay in the flight control surface is cause by control-
system wear and corrosion. In addition, the commenters do not provide
technical justification for extending the interval for the initial
freeplay measurement. The initial
[[Page 18196]]
freeplay measurement done in accordance with the AD is critical to
establish a baseline for the entire fleet. Service history for these
airplanes has shown that the initial intervals for the freeplay
measurement and lubrication are adequate. We have not changed the AD in
this regard.
Clarification of AMOC Paragraph
We have revised this action to clarify the appropriate procedure
for notifying the principal inspector before using any approved AMOC on
any airplane to which the AMOC applies.
Clarification of Service Bulletin Reference
We have included in paragraph (f) of this AD a reference to
Appendix A of Boeing Special Attention Service Bulletin 757-27-0148,
dated June 16, 2005; and Boeing Special Attention Service Bulletin 757-
27-0149, dated June 16, 2005. The appendixes contain reference
information for doing the actions in the Accomplishment Instructions.
The NPRM referred only to the Accomplishment Instructions and excluded
mention of the appendixes.
Conclusion
We have carefully reviewed the available data, including the
comments received, and determined that air safety and the public
interest require adopting the AD with the changes described previously.
We have determined that these changes will neither increase the
economic burden on any operator nor increase the scope of the AD.
Costs of Compliance
There are about 1,040 airplanes of the affected design in the
worldwide fleet. The following table provides the estimated costs for
U.S. operators to comply with this AD. No parts are necessary to
accomplish either action.
Estimated Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of
Average U.S.-
Action Work hours labor rate Cost per airplane registered Fleet cost
per hour airplanes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Freeplay measurement............ 4 $65 $260, per 679 $176,540, per
measurement cycle. measurement
cycle.
Lubrication..................... 8 65 $520, per 679 $353,080, per
lubrication cycle. lubrication
cycle.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, Section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701, ``General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.
Regulatory Findings
We have determined that this AD will not have federalism
implications under Executive Order 13132. This AD will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866;
(2) Is not a ``significant rule'' under DOT Regulatory Policies and
Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979); and
(3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
We prepared a regulatory evaluation of the estimated costs to
comply with this AD and placed it in the AD docket. See the ADDRESSES
section for a location to examine the regulatory evaluation.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
0
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the Administrator,
the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
0
2. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) amends Sec. 39.13 by
adding the following new airworthiness directive (AD):
2006-07-23 BOEING: Amendment 39-14550. Docket No. FAA-2005-22471;
Directorate Identifier 2005-NM-142-AD.
Effective Date
(a) This AD becomes effective May 16, 2006.
Affected ADs
(b) None.
Applicability
(c) This AD applies to all Boeing Model 757-200, -200PF, -200CB,
and -300 series airplanes, certificated in any category.
Unsafe Condition
(d) This AD results from a report of freeplay-induced vibration
of the rudder. The potential for vibration of the control surface
should be avoided because the point of transition from vibration to
divergent flutter is unknown. We are issuing this AD to prevent
excessive vibration of the airframe during flight, which could
result in divergent flutter and loss of control of the airplane.
Compliance
(e) You are responsible for having the actions required by this
AD performed within the compliance times specified, unless the
actions have already been done.
Service Bulletin References
(f) The term ``service bulletin,'' as used in this AD, means the
Accomplishment Instructions and Appendix A of the following service
bulletins, as applicable:
(1) For Model 757-200, -200PF, -200CB series airplanes: Boeing
Special Attention Service Bulletin 757-27-0148, dated June 16, 2005;
and
[[Page 18197]]
(2) For Model 757-300 series airplanes: Boeing Special Attention
Service Bulletin 757-27-0149, dated June 16, 2005.
Repetitive Measurements
(g) Within 18 months after the effective date of this AD:
Measure the freeplay for each of the three power control units that
move the rudder. Repeat the measurement thereafter at intervals not
to exceed 12,000 flight hours or 36 months, whichever occurs first.
Do all actions required by this paragraph in accordance with the
applicable service bulletin.
Related Investigative and Corrective Actions
(h) If any measurement found in paragraph (g) of this AD is
outside certain limits specified in the service bulletin: Before
further flight, do the applicable related investigative and
corrective actions in accordance with the service bulletin.
Repetitive Lubrication
(i) Within 9 months after the effective date of this AD:
Lubricate the rudder components specified in the applicable service
bulletin. Repeat the lubrication thereafter at the applicable
interval in paragraph (i)(1) or (i)(2) of this AD. Do all actions
required by this paragraph in accordance with the applicable service
bulletin.
(1) For airplanes on which BMS 3-33 grease is not used: 3,000
flight hours or 9 months, whichever occurs first.
(2) For airplanes on which BMS 3-33 grease is used: 6,000 flight
hours or 18 months, whichever occurs first.
Concurrent Repetitive Cycles
(j) If a freeplay measurement required by paragraph (g) of this
AD and a lubrication cycle required by paragraph (i) of this AD are
due at the same time or will be accomplished during the same
maintenance visit, the freeplay measurement and applicable related
investigative and corrective actions must be done before the
lubrication is accomplished.
Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)
(k)(1) The Manager, Seattle Aircraft Certification Office (ACO),
FAA, has the authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested in
accordance with the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19.
(2) Before using any AMOC approved in accordance with Sec.
39.19 on any airplane to which the AMOC applies, notify the
appropriate principal inspector in the FAA Flight Standards
Certificate Holding District Office.
(3) An AMOC that provides an acceptable level of safety may be
used for any repair required by this AD, if it is approved by an
Authorized Representative for the Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Delegation Option Authorization Organization who has been authorized
by the Manager, Seattle ACO, to make those findings. For a repair
method to be approved, the repair must meet the certification basis
of the airplane, and the approval must specifically refer to this
AD.
Material Incorporated by Reference
(l) You must use Boeing Special Attention Service Bulletin 757-
27-0148, dated June 16, 2005; or Boeing Special Attention Service
Bulletin 757-27-0149, dated June 16, 2005; as applicable; to perform
the actions that are required by this AD, unless the AD specifies
otherwise. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference of these documents in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Contact Boeing Commercial
Airplanes, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle, Washington 98124-2207, for a copy
of this service information. You may review copies at the Docket
Management Facility, U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh
Street SW., room PL-401, Nassif Building, Washington, DC; on the
Internet at https://dms.dot.gov; or at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability
of this material at the NARA, call (202) 741-6030, or go to https://
www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/
ibr_locations.html.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on March 30, 2006.
Ali Bahrami,
Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 06-3378 Filed 4-10-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P