Salmonella, 9772-9777 [06-1783]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
• Food Safety and Inspection Service

[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 38 (Monday, February 27, 2006)]
[Notices]
[Pages 9772-9777]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 06-1783]


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Notices
                                                Federal Register
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 38 / Monday, February 27, 2006 / 
Notices

[[Page 9772]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Food Safety and Inspection Service

[Docket No. 04-026N]


Salmonella Verification Sample Result Reporting: Agency Policy 
and Use in Public Health Protection

AGENCY: Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Notice and response to comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is announcing 
changes in how it uses the results from its Salmonella verification 
sampling program for meat and poultry establishments to enhance public 
health protection. The Agency is also changing how it reports these 
results. These actions follow an April 2003 FSIS Federal Register 
Notice asking for public comment on whether and how Agency policy could 
be improved. This Notice responds to the comments received and presents 
the Agency's views on the issues raised in the 2003 Notice.
    FSIS will begin adding results from individual Salmonella 
verification sample tests to reports the Agency regularly makes to meat 
and poultry establishments that have asked to be informed of various 
test results. These Salmonella sample results will be sent to 
establishments as soon as they become available. FSIS will begin 
posting quarterly nationwide data for Salmonella, presented by product 
class, on the Agency Web site.
    Moreover, the Agency will assess each completed Salmonella sample 
set in light of either existing regulatory standards or recently-
published baseline study results, as appropriate. FSIS expects to take 
follow-up action, which may include scheduling of another sample set or 
assessing the design and execution of the food safety system, based on 
how a plant's performance compares to the existing regulatory standard 
or nationwide baseline results and to the presence of serotypes of 
Salmonella that are common causes of human illness.
    To further encourage industry process control efforts, the Agency 
is providing a new compliance guideline containing information that 
FSIS has found to be relevant to control of Salmonella, particularly 
for poultry.
    FSIS intends to monitor closely the percent positive in 
verification samples month-by-month over the course of a full calendar 
year, beginning in 2006. After one year FSIS will evaluate these data, 
reassess how it reports Salmonella results for each class of products, 
and consider making additional changes in how it reports and publishes 
results.

ADDRESSES: FSIS invites interested persons to submit comments on this 
notice. Comments may be submitted by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: This Web site provides the 
ability to type short comments directly into the comment field on this 
Web page or attach a file for lengthier comments. FSIS prefers to 
receive comments through the Federal eRulemaking Portal. Go to https://
www.regulations.gov and, in the ``Search for Open Regulations'' box, 
select ``Food Safety and Inspection Service'' from the agency drop-down 
menu, then click on ``Submit.'' In the Docket ID column, select the 
FDMS Docket Number to submit or view public comments and to view 
supporting and related materials available electronically. After the 
close of the comment period, the docket can be viewed using the 
``Advanced Search'' function in Regulations.gov.
     Mail, including floppy disks or CD-ROMs, and hand-or 
courier-delivered items: Send to Docket Clerk, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 300 12th Street, SW., 
Room 102 Cotton Annex, Washington, DC 20250.
     Electronic mail: fsis.regulationscomments@fsis.usda.gov.
    All submissions received must include the Agency name and docket 
number 04-026N.
    All comments submitted in response to this Notice, as well as 
research and background information used by FSIS in developing this 
document, will be posted to the regulations.gov Web site. The 
background information and comments also will be available for public 
inspection in the FSIS Docket Room at the address listed above between 
8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday.

DATES: Effective Date: May 30, 2006.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: For further information contact Daniel 
Engeljohn, Ph.D., Deputy Assistant Administrator for Office of Policy, 
Program and Employee Development, FSIS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Room 3147, South Building, 14th and Independence SW., Washington DC 
20250-3700; telephone (202) 205-0495, fax (202) 401-1760, e-mail: 
daniel.engeljohn@fsis.usda.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    On July 25, 1996, FSIS published ``Pathogen Reduction; Hazard 
Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) Systems'' (61 FR 38806). 
This final rule established, among other measures, pathogen reduction 
performance standards for Salmonella bacteria for certain slaughter 
establishments and for establishments producing certain raw ground 
products. The performance standards are codified at 9 CFR 310.25(b)(1) 
and 381.94(b)(1). These performance standards are based on the 
prevalence of Salmonella found by the Agency's nationwide 
microbiological baseline studies, which were conducted before the PR/
HACCP rule was adopted (https://www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/Baseline_
Data/). The performance standards set a maximum number of Salmonella-
positive samples allowable per sample set. Raw product classes covered 
by performance standards are carcasses of cows/bulls, steers/heifers, 
market hogs, broilers (young chickens), and ground beef, ground 
chicken, and ground turkey.
    FSIS selected Salmonella as the target organism because it is one 
of the most common causes of foodborne illness associated with meat and 
poultry products; it is present to varying degrees in all major 
species; and interventions targeted at reducing the presence of this 
pathogen may be beneficial in reducing contamination by other enteric 
pathogens.
    The sampling and testing of carcasses and raw products for 
Salmonella is conducted by FSIS. The Agency verifies that 
establishments are meeting the Salmonella standards by having federal

[[Page 9773]]

inspection personnel collect product samples from individual 
establishments over the course of a defined number of sequential days 
of production to complete a sample set. The product samples are sent to 
FSIS laboratories for analysis. The number of samples in a sample set 
varies by product class. The maximum number of positive samples allowed 
in a set is based on data from the nationwide baseline studies. The 
standards were defined on a product class basis so that an 
establishment operating at the baseline level would have an 80% chance 
of meeting the standard.
    An initial sample set or a set that follows a passed set is termed 
an ``A'' set; other codes (such as ``B'', ``C'', and ``D'') represent 
sample sets collected from establishments in follow-up testing after a 
failed set. All code ``A'' sample sets are collected at randomly 
selected establishments, while code ``B,'' ``C,'' and ``D'' sets are 
collected at establishments that failed a previous set. Generally, all 
establishments within a product class are tested by FSIS once annually 
for the ``A'' set. However, establishments that fail the performance 
standard are scheduled for a follow-up sample set after the 
establishment takes corrective action (i.e, the ``B,'' ``C,'' and ``D'' 
sets) resulting in one or more additional sample sets annually.
    The overall percentage of positive results for Salmonella in ``A'' 
samples has been used to track progress in addressing control of 
Salmonella. These aggregate data are based on large numbers of test 
results. Although they provide a useful estimate of Salmonella control, 
FSIS verification sampling is not designed to estimate national 
prevalence of Salmonella by class of products. A ``true'' prevalence 
can only be derived from randomly selected samples in a nationwide 
baseline study designed within the boundaries of a specified 
statistical confidence level.
    To date, with a few exceptions, the Agency has reported Salmonella 
test results to an establishment only when a sample set is completed. 
The Agency has also published aggregate yearly data from ``A'' sets, by 
product class (e.g., steers/heifers, broilers, ground beef) and plant 
size as defined in the PR/HACCP final rule (large, small, and very 
small).
    FSIS has initiated an evaluation of how it uses and reports test 
results from its Salmonella sampling program. In a Federal Register 
Notice of April 16, 2003, we asked for comments on our established 
policy for reporting sample results (68 FR 18593-18596; https://
www.fsis.usda.gov/Regulations_&_Policies/2005_Notices_Index/
index.asp). In evaluating its policy, the Agency had concluded that 
there would be value in making public more information about Salmonella 
sampling results than just the annual reports. Additionally, in 
response to that notice, several establishments stated that there would 
be significant value in receiving the results of individual samples.
    As the Agency considered the comments on the 2003 Notice and how 
best to proceed, FSIS was influenced by recent epidemiological data 
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that have 
raised concern. In recent years, overall human infections from 
Salmonella serotypes have decreased only slightly, from an incidence of 
approximately 16 cases per 100,000 persons in the reference period 
1996-98 to 14.7 cases per 100,000 persons in 2004. To put this 
information in context, USDA and FSIS recognize the U.S. Department of 
Health and Human Services National Food Safety Objectives--``Healthy 
People 2010''--(https://www.healthypeople.gov/document/
tableofcontents.htm as appropriate for guiding strategic planning for 
public health. Healthy People 2010 set a goal for 2010 of 6.8 cases/
100,000 persons, which is less than half the rate of current incidence. 
FSIS recognizes that raw meat and poultry are not the only contributors 
to the disease burden associated with Salmonella. However, when the 
serotypes of Salmonella present on raw meat and poultry are considered, 
particularly in comparison to those commonly associated with human 
illness, FSIS believes that Salmonella-contaminated raw meat and 
poultry are important sources of this pathogen.
    Furthermore, while CDC data show the incidence of human Salmonella 
Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection as decreasing by 41% between the 
1996-98 baseline and 2004, the incidence of two other leading 
serotypes, S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg, did not change 
significantly. Human infection incidence from S. Newport increased by 
41%. Moreover, microbial resistance to antibiotics associated with 
serotypes of Salmonella may be increasing. This change has been 
particularly noted with S. Newport, which has emerged in recent years. 
(See ``Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with 
Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food--10 Sites, United States, 
2004'' from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Review, CDC, April 15, 2005, 
352-356; available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/503230.) 
Importantly, these same Salmonella serotypes and others also commonly 
associated with human illness have been found in samples of raw meat 
and poultry collected by FSIS.
    Recent Agency data have shown the percentage positive in Salmonella 
``A'' sets of broilers (young chickens) from establishments of all 
sizes increasing from 11.5% in 2002 to 12.8% in 2003 to 13.5% in 2004. 
Although the overall percentage of positive samples in verification 
testing is still below the nationwide baseline prevalence figures, this 
persistent upward trend in positive verification samples provides 
reason for concern, particularly because of the associated increased 
exposure of the public to serotypes of Salmonella that are commonly 
associated with human illness. [See https://www.fsis.usda.gov/ophs/
haccp/salm6year.htm.] Other product classes have not shown such a 
persistent upward trend, and the percentage of positive verification 
samples has declined for all three beef product classes.
    FSIS has found through assessments of food safety systems, in 
establishments that failed to meet the performance standard that these 
establishments have flaws in the design and execution of their control 
procedures. Establishments with an elevated percentage of samples 
positive for Salmonella in verification testing have not adequately 
addressed the following specific issues: design flaws in HACCP plans 
and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures, failure to execute the 
food safety system as designed, failure to ensure that corrective 
actions are effective, and failure to reassess the food safety system 
once changes are made.
    FSIS has evidence, based on its experience with establishments that 
failed one or more Salmonella sets that then implemented corrective 
actions and came into compliance, that, when properly addressed in the 
establishment's food safety system, Salmonella levels in regulatory 
samples can be controlled. For example, Agency data show that those 
establishments performing well--e.g., with percent positive Salmonella 
samples at or less than 50% of a relevant standard or baseline for at 
least five consecutive sets--do so with remarkable consistency and 
predictability. Conversely, establishments with higher percent positive 
results show much greater variability and inconsistency in their sample 
results. Not only do establishments that have had at least one sample 
set in which the percent of positive samples was greater than 50% of 
the Salmonella standard have a higher average of percent positive 
Salmonella samples, but, as a group, such establishments also 
repeatedly exceed 50% of the standard. Most of

[[Page 9774]]

these establishments maintain an elevated average percentage of 
positive Salmonella samples until FSIS conducts a food safety 
assessment and identifies food safety system design and execution 
weaknesses to the establishments. Based on experience, FSIS has found 
that once these establishments implement effective control measures as 
part of their HACCP system, they demonstrated an ability to maintain 
good control of Salmonella. These patterns show that Salmonella in 
regulatory sample results can be controlled consistently through 
efforts by establishments to maintain process control. These HACCP-
related efforts, particularly in broiler operations, mirror the 
outcomes realized by the beef industry for control of Escherichia coli 
O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) when the beef industry began implementing 
better process control for this pathogen.
    For all these reasons, the Agency has concluded that it needs to 
re-direct its Salmonella verification sampling program to ensure that 
it is useful in providing enhanced public health protection.

Agency Decisions

    FSIS is announcing several steps to increase public health 
protection. First, the Agency will add results from individual 
Salmonella verification sample tests to reports the Agency regularly 
makes to meat and poultry establishments that have asked to be informed 
of various test results. These Salmonella sample results will be sent 
to establishments as soon as they become available. The National 
Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods has noted that 
Salmonella test results are useful measures of process control, and 
establishments using Statistical Process Control (SPC) may find this 
timely information to be particularly helpful in gauging the 
effectiveness of their process control measures.
    The Agency will also begin posting quarterly, rather than annually, 
nationwide Salmonella data by product class on the Agency Web site.
    As soon as possible in 2006, FSIS will issue instructions to 
inspection program personnel and begin conducting sampling in 
establishments slaughtering young turkeys, the subject of a recently-
published baseline study (see 70 FR 8058, February 17, 2005; https://
www.fsis.usda.gov/Regulations_&_Policies/2005_Notices_Index/
index.asp). These baseline data will provide a useful guide for FSIS 
Salmonella verification testing of turkey carcasses and evaluation of 
process control by turkey slaughter establishments, which the Agency 
has expected to control Salmonella levels on carcasses even in the 
absence of a performance standard. FSIS will use the baseline results 
to guide its testing of turkey carcasses in the same manner that it 
will use the existing regulatory standards to guide its testing of 
broilers and other classes of raw products.
    Tables A and B show existing Salmonella performance standards and 
recently-developed microbiological baseline guidance results for young 
turkeys and geese.

               Table A.--Salmonella Performance Standards
                      [See 9 CFR 310.25 and 381.94]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Performance                Maximum
                                     standard     Number of   number of
          Product class              (percent       samples   positives
                                   positive for     tested    to achieve
                                    Salmonella)      (n)       standard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steers/heifers..................            1.0%         82            1
Cows/bulls......................            2.7%         58            2
Ground beef.....................            7.5%         53            5
Market hogs.....................            8.7%         55            6
Fresh pork sausages.............              NA         NA           NA
Broilers........................           20.0%         51           12
Ground chicken..................           44.6%         53           26
Ground turkey...................           49.9%         53           29
Turkeys.........................              NA         NA           NA
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Table B.--Salmonella Baseline Guidance Results for Young Turkeys and
                                  Geese
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Baseline
                                    prevalence    Number of    Maximum
      Product class/method           (percent       samples   number of
                                   positive for     in set    positives
                                    Salmonella)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Young turkey carcasses/sponge...           19.6%         56           13
Goose carcasses/sponge..........           13.7%         54            9
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Each completed sample set result will be recorded in one of three 
categories in relation to the standard or baseline guideline:
    Category 1. Consistent Process Control for Salmonella Reduction. 
50% or less of the performance standard or baseline guidance, 
demonstrating the best control for this pathogen.
    Category 2. Variable Process Control for Salmonella Reduction. From 
51% of the performance standard or regulatory guideline to the 
performance standard or baseline guidance, demonstrating intermediate 
control for this pathogen.
    Category 3. Highly Variable Process Control for Salmonella 
Reduction. Greater than the performance standard or baseline guidance, 
demonstrating the least control for this pathogen.
    Selection of the Category 1 versus Category 2 criteria was based, 
in part, on the long-term evidence from regulatory samples collected 
between 1998 and 2004 that there is a statistically significant 
difference in the likelihood, calculated as an odds ratio, of serotypes 
of Salmonella that are common causes

[[Page 9775]]

of human illness in the U.S., based on the high frequency of these 
serotypes in products from establishments in Category 2 compared to 
those in Category 1. FSIS has identified many of the most common 
serotypes of human illness in broiler samples. These serotypes include 
Salmonella Heidelberg, Typhimurium, Enteritidis, I 4,[5],12:i:-, 
Montevideo, Newport, and Infantis.
    FSIS believes that targeting its Salmonella sampling according to 
these categories will enable it to maximize the effective use of its 
resources. Since establishments that have not implemented effective 
process controls for Salmonella may fluctuate between categories until 
process control is assured, FSIS expects to consider the results of at 
least two consecutive sample sets before categorizing the 
establishment. By using more than one sample set to make this 
categorization, FSIS will have a good basis on which to assess process 
control. Furthermore, FSIS expects to use the most recent sample set 
result, regardless of whether the sample set was an ``A,'' ``B,'' or 
other set result, plus its next result in effecting this approach. FSIS 
expects to assess the utility of this decision criterion at least 
annually.
    An individual establishment with results in Category 1 for at least 
its last two sets will be considered by the Agency to have demonstrated 
sustained good control of Salmonella presence in its product over time. 
Thus, barring special circumstances (for example, eliminating an 
antimicrobial treatment during the production process), such an 
establishment will be tested no more than once a year, but at least 
once every two years, unless it gets a result that puts it in Category 
2 or 3. As stated earlier, until now, an establishment not exceeding 
the performance standard generally was not scheduled for more than one 
sample set annually.
    Once any establishment receives a result from FSIS testing for 
Salmonella that puts it in either Category 2 or 3, FSIS likely will 
subject the establishment to retesting at any time. However, 
establishments in Category 3 should expect that the retesting will be 
sooner and more frequent within a calendar year than that for 
establishments in Category 2. Moreover, the Agency will evaluate 
Category 2 and 3 establishments on a case-by-case basis and determine 
any further actions to take, which may include increased sampling 
(e.g., at rehang, at pre-chill, and at post-chill to gather information 
about changes in the microbiological profile during the same production 
process), expedited serotyping, enhanced verification of the 
establishment's food safety programs (e.g., intensified focus on 
sanitation procedures and record keeping), and assessment of the 
establishment's food safety system. Importantly, establishments in 
Category 2 and 3 that demonstrate an inability to control for the on-
going presence of serotypes of Salmonella known to be associated with 
common human illness will receive greater attention by FSIS regarding 
the verification of the establishment's food safety programs.
    FSIS data indicate that increased Agency scrutiny through food 
safety assessments and verification testing leads to improved plant 
performance in controlling Salmonella. (See Fulfilling the Vision: 
Initiatives in Protecting Public Health, USDA/FSIS, July 2004; https://
www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Fulfilling_the_Vision.pdf). Less frequent 
sampling of those establishments that have a relatively low percent 
positive of Salmonella samples will free Agency resources for 
application to establishments that are not performing as well.
    In addition, FSIS is providing a new compliance guideline 
particularly related to the broiler industry containing information 
that FSIS has found to be relevant to the control of Salmonella. This 
compliance guideline will be available on the Agency Web site and as a 
document in the FSIS docket room. The document will present information 
on control measures that can help reduce the prevalence of Salmonella.
    FSIS will also be obtaining more timely Salmonella serotype 
information for each positive test result from its verification program 
and may intensify testing or scrutiny via a food safety assessment of 
establishments that produce product with serotypes of epidemiological 
concern. Serotype identification requires additional analysis and thus 
is not likely to be available when establishments receive their initial 
sample results, but serotype information will be made available by FSIS 
to establishments as soon as possible. FSIS will also publish annual 
aggregate results for serotypes.
    As soon as possible, FSIS will pursue sub-typing, including pulsed-
field gel electrophoresis of Salmonella found in the FSIS testing 
program. In addition, FSIS expects to further assess the current 
procedures in place for phage-typing pathogens found in regulatory 
samples. The Agency expects to pursue mechanisms to further share this 
important public health-related information with public health partners 
such as CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and the States in order 
to find timely ways to compare subtypes of Salmonella with strains from 
other public health surveillance systems.
    Furthermore, the Agency will be conducting baseline studies for 
Salmonella and other pathogens and indicator organisms among specific 
product classes. These baseline studies will be statistically designed 
to measure the national prevalence of microorganisms on regulated raw 
products and to ascertain whether continuous improvement for pathogen 
reduction is evident, as intended by the PR/HACCP final rule. New 
baseline studies will be used to inform risk management policies, and 
could provide support for new performance standards or baseline 
guidance. Isolates from positive samples, particularly for pathogens, 
are expected to be serotyped and analyzed for patterns of resistance to 
antibiotic drugs.
    FSIS is exploring the information systems enhancements needed to 
implement fully these risk-based policies for Salmonella sampling.
    The main Agency focus will be on control of Salmonella in slaughter 
and combined slaughter/processing establishments because these 
operations have direct control over this pathogen during sanitary 
dressing and further processing. While grinders are certainly of 
interest to FSIS, the best way to control Salmonella levels in ground 
product is through control over the Salmonella levels in the source 
materials. Thus, the slaughter and slaughter/processing combination 
plants are the Agency's first concern, but policy for grinders will be 
assessed during that year as well.

Further Agency Considerations

    FSIS intends to monitor the Salmonella percent positive in 
verification samples by product class over the course of a full year 
beginning in July 2006. The Agency's current thinking is that if the 
percent positive of Salmonella in verification samples over that one-
year period for the great majority of establishments (e.g., 90%) in a 
specific product class is not at or below half the performance 
standard/baseline guidance level (i.e., Category 1), FSIS will consider 
whether there are further actions that should be taken to ensure that 
establishments improve their control of Salmonella and further enhance 
public health protection.
    For example, FSIS would consider actions that would provide an 
incentive to industry to improve controls for Salmonella. One approach 
that FSIS has considered and favors is posting on the Agency Web site 
the ``A'' set results

[[Page 9776]]

from the completed Salmonella sample sets for each establishment 
producing that product class, identified by establishment name and 
number. Publishing the results of these FSIS Salmonella analyses, which 
have been used by the Agency as one component for assessing 
establishment performance, could serve as a valuable support to an 
establishment's process control efforts.
    A study by USDA's Economics Research Service (ERS) has shown that 
increased public information on food safety performance measures can 
offer incentives to establishments to invest in process control by 
helping them realize benefits from their investments, and thus spur 
industry innovation in food safety (see Food Safety Innovations in the 
United States: Evidence from the Meat Industry by Elise Golan, Tanya 
Roberts, Elisabete Salay, Julie Caswell, Michael Ollinger, and Danna 
Moore, AER-831, USDA/ERS, April 2004; https://www.ers.usda.gov/
publications/aer831/). FSIS believes that this study has relevance 
regarding the Salmonella strategy articulated above relative to 
publishing establishment-specific information associated with 
Salmonella control. For example, a further processor of ground product 
who purchased carcasses from a slaughter operation would not know 
whether the carcass was produced with the best or worst safety 
procedures, even though the procedures were in compliance with the 
minimum regulatory requirements. This situation reduces incentives by 
manufacturers of the source material (e.g., carcasses) to invest in 
food safety innovation. By addressing this asymmetry, that is, 
providing more information about the process control performance of 
establishments related to Salmonella, FSIS believes it would be 
providing the appropriate incentive for the meat and poultry slaughter 
industry to attain consistent, good control for Salmonella. FSIS is 
especially interested in receiving comment on this approach to ensuring 
pathogen reduction in all raw products regulated by FSIS.
    The Agency will also consider other actions, such as modifying its 
approach to inspection, if widespread industry performance provides a 
basis for reducing Agency concern about control for pathogens in 
classes of raw product. For example, the Agency is aware that limits on 
linespeeds are a concern to both the young poultry slaughter and the 
hog slaughter industries. If widespread action within these industries 
controlled Salmonella contamination such that the Agency, in its 
testing of carcasses, consistently found industry-wide results at half 
or below half the current standard/baseline guidance, FSIS would be 
prepared to consider allowing the industries to study whether 
linespeeds could be increased above the current regulatory limits. FSIS 
also would be interested in any impact that such changes may have on 
other regulatory obligations of the establishments and the Agency, as 
well as other pathogens of public health concern (e.g., Campylobacter), 
particularly as the industries seek to demonstrate continuous 
improvement in their performance over time. Such studies could be 
conducted through existing regulatory provisions for a waiver of the 
meat and poultry regulations (9 CFR 303.2 and 381.3).
    Although FSIS has an establishment-specific approach for 
inspection, FSIS believes that, ultimately, it will take an industry-
wide effort to ensure that there is effective Salmonella control in raw 
classes of product. FSIS experience with the beef industry regarding 
control for E. coli O157:H7 ultimately resulted in an industry-wide 
approach to reassess their HACCP plans in order to ensure that each 
establishment had effective food safety systems. FSIS requests comment 
on these potential actions and any other incentives that would be 
useful in encouraging control of Salmonella.

Response to Comments on the Federal Register Notice of April 16, 2003

    In deciding how to proceed, the Agency considered the nine comments 
that it received on the April 2003 Notice.

Reporting to Establishments

    Four comments supported reporting individual sample results to 
establishments as they become available. Two comments suggested that 
establishments should receive individual sample results if they request 
them.
    FSIS response: The Agency agrees with these comments. Receiving 
individual sample results soon after the samples are taken will help 
establishments in their assessment of why a production lot of product 
resulted in a positive sample. An establishment will be able to 
determine whether it had a problem on the day in question, or whether 
positives are associated with a particular supplier. On balance, 
therefore, it now seems clear that making the information available to 
establishments will be of value to the establishments in determining a 
prompt and appropriate response. Accordingly, FSIS will add results 
from individual Salmonella verification sample tests to reports that 
the Agency regularly makes to meat and poultry establishments that have 
asked to be informed of various test results.

Posting Individual Sample Results on the Agency Web Site

    Three comments opposed posting individual sample results to the 
Web, and one comment opposed posting results in general.
    FSIS response: The Agency agrees that posting individual sample 
results (as opposed to completed sample set results) to the Web would 
be of little value to consumers, industry, or public health officials. 
Moreover, it would impose a significant burden on the Agency.

Posting Completed Sample Set Results on the Agency Web Site

    Two comments specifically supported posting completed sample set 
results on the Agency Web site, identified by establishment. Two 
comments suggested publishing aggregate data only, either monthly or 
quarterly, and one of these comments asked that data be presented by 
FSIS Inspection District.
    FSIS response: The Agency has concluded that posting quarterly 
nationwide data for Salmonella, presented by product class, on the 
Agency Web site is most appropriate at this time. Doing so will provide 
consumers with more timely, meaningful information about overall 
industry performance in protecting public health. FSIS believes that 
posting completed sets, in aggregate, would be appropriate because 
sample sets, as a measure of controlling and reducing harmful bacteria 
on raw meat and poultry, are intended to enable FSIS and the 
establishment to verify the effectiveness of an establishment's HACCP 
controls in reducing harmful bacteria as measured by the presence of 
Salmonella.

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Exemption

    One comment supported the Agency's long-standing position that 
Salmonella sample results should be exempt from disclosure under the 
FOIA. One comment stated that FOIA exemptions do not apply to 
Salmonella sample results.
    FSIS response: The Agency agrees that it has treated Salmonella 
sample results as pre-decisional and has exempted such results from 
disclosure under FOIA. FOIA exemptions are generally permissive and are 
left to the appropriate discretion of the Agency involved. When FSIS 
makes individual sample results available to

[[Page 9777]]

establishments, as described herein, the results can no longer be 
considered pre-decisional. Given the potential value in making sample-
by-sample test results available, as described above, FSIS has decided 
that it is reasonable to include individual Salmonella verification 
sample results in reports to those establishments that request various 
sample results and to make completed set results, in aggregate and 
quarterly, available on the Agency Web site.

Salmonella as Basis for Performance Standard

    Two comments questioned the appropriateness of Salmonella as an 
indicator organism or as the basis for a performance standard, noting 
that Salmonella occurs in food products other than the meat, poultry, 
and eggs regulated by FSIS.
    FSIS response: FSIS notes that the National Advisory Committee on 
Microbiological Criteria for Foods in its report of August 8, 2002 
(Final--Response to the Questions Posed by FSIS Regarding Performance 
Standards with Particular Reference to Ground Beef Products; https://
www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/NACMCF/2002/rep_stand2.pdf) concluded that 
Salmonella test results are useful measures of process control. The 
Agency also notes its concern regarding recent increases in Salmonella 
positives in some raw product classes and in human infections from 
certain Salmonella serotypes that are associated with meat and poultry. 
FSIS, furthermore, will be obtaining Salmonella serotype information 
for each positive test result from its verification program in a more 
timely manner and will consider intensifying testing and scrutiny of 
establishments that produce products with serotypes of epidemiological 
concern.

Additional Public Notification

    Public awareness of all segments of rulemaking and policy 
development is important. Consequently, in an effort to ensure that the 
public and, in particular, minorities, women, and persons with 
disabilities are aware of this notice, FSIS will announce it on-line 
through the FSIS Web page located at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/
regulations_&_policies/2006_Notices_Index/index.asp. The 
Regulations.gov Web site is the central online rulemaking portal of the 
United States government. It is being offered as a public service to 
increase participation in the Federal government's regulatory 
activities. FSIS participates in Regulations.gov and will accept 
comments on documents published on the site. The site allows visitors 
to search by keyword or Department or Agency for rulemakings that allow 
for public comment. Each entry provides a quick link to a comment form 
so that visitors can type in their comments and submit them to FSIS. 
The Web site is located at https://www.regulations.gov/.
    FSIS also will make copies of this Federal Register publication 
available through the FSIS Constituent Update, which is used to provide 
information regarding FSIS policies, procedures, regulations, Federal 
Register notices, FSIS public meetings, recalls, and other types of 
information that could affect or would be of interest to our 
constituents and stakeholders. The update is communicated via Listserv, 
a free e-mail subscription service consisting of industry, trade, and 
farm groups, consumer interest groups, allied health professionals, 
scientific professionals, and other individuals who have requested to 
be included. The update also is available on the FSIS web page. Through 
Listserv and the web page, FSIS is able to provide information to a 
much broader, more diverse audience.
    In addition, FSIS offers an email subscription service which 
provides an automatic and customized notification when popular pages 
are updated, including Federal Register publications and related 
documents. This service is available at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/news_
and_events/email_subscription/ and allows FSIS customers to sign up 
for subscription options across eight categories. Options range from 
recalls to export information to regulations, directives and notices. 
Customers can add or delete subscriptions themselves and have the 
option to password protect their account.

    Done at Washington, DC, on February 21, 2006.
Barbara J. Masters,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 06-1783 Filed 2-22-06; 1:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 3410-DM-P