Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, 5364-5365 [E6-1279]
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 21 / Wednesday, February 1, 2006 / Notices
depicted, for Gus’kooskaan, who had it
until his death around 1880. From
Gus’kooskaan, the robe was passed to
Gusht’eiheen, who had it at his death
around 1908. The robe was then passed
to Daanaawu, Archie Bell, and then
finally to Xaalgen, Annie Jacobs in 1942.
In 1974, Annie Jacobs and Mark Jacobs,
Sr., sold the robe to Michael R. Johnson,
a collector and art dealer in Seattle, WA.
In 1975, Mrs. Mary W. A. Crane
purchased the robe from Mr. Johnson
and gifted it to the Denver Museum of
Natural History (now the Denver
Museum of Nature & Science) to
enhance the Crane American Indian
Collection’s Northwest Coast materials.
The museum accessioned the robe into
the collection later that same year.
The male or female one-piece
rectangular garment is worn as a robe
draped around the shoulders over other
clothing, with the continuous border at
the top, the design centered on the back,
and the bordered opening falling down
the wearer’s chest to the legs. The robe
is made of black woolen cloth with a
broad red woolen cloth top and side
borders outlined on the inside with
three rows of sewn-on pearl buttons.
The button-and-bead design on the
robe’s dark woolen cloth depicts the
Killerwhale clan ancestor jumping over
a reef in Chatham Strait near the
seafront of Angoon, AK. It is centered
with a large outlined design of a dorsalfinned whale, in-filled with ribcage and
crouched human figures, which curves
over a humanoid face and floral motifs.
The design is worked in white seed
bead lane embroidery, a few yellow and
purple bead outlines, large and small
pearl buttons along the spine, and
appliqued red cloth features outlined in
beads.
Edward K. Thomas, President of the
Central Council Tlingit & Haida Indian
Tribes of Alaska, provided detailed
written and photographic
documentation of the robe’s history as
early as 1910 and its significance and
ownership by the Dakl’aweidi clan. Mr.
Thomas explained the clan’s right to a
particular killerwhale crest and clarified
several crucial matters of crest
ownership and use, and the function of
designated caretakers of clan property.
Ms. Lydia George, a representative of
the Dakl’aweidi clan, of Killerwhale
House, Angoon, AK, spoke of the story
associated with the robe during a
consultation and repatriation at the
museum in June 1997.
The cultural item is both a sacred
object needed by traditional Native
Alaskan leaders and an object of
cultural patrimony. In depicting the
clan crest, the Keet or Killerwhale, the
robe embodies the Keet Yelk or Spirit of
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the Killerwhale, in particular, the
Killerwhale Jumping Over the Reef. It
bonds clan members in a kinship and
spiritual relationship to Killerwhale,
particularly to this Killerwhale event,
and to their ancestors who paid for the
crest. The object is required for the
ceremonial rites conducted to renew
and ensure the spiritual harmony of the
Tlingit people. The robe is not owned
by a single individual, instead there are
designated caretakers of the robe, and it
belongs to the clan as a whole, and
therefore it could not have been
alienated by a single individual.
Officials of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science have determined that,
pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (3)(C), the
button blanket is a specific ceremonial
object needed by traditional Native
American religious leaders for the
practice of traditional Native American
religions by their present-day adherents.
Officials of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science have also determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (3)(D),
the button blanket has ongoing
historical, traditional, or cultural
importance central to the Native
American group or culture itself, rather
than property owned by an individual.
Officials of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science also have determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (2),
there is a relationship of shared group
identity which can be reasonably traced
between the sacred object/object of
cultural patrimony and the Central
Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian
Tribes.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the sacred object/object
of cultural patrimony should contact Dr.
Steven Holen, Head of the Anthropology
Department, Denver Museum of Nature
& Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard,
Denver, CO 80205, telephone (303) 370–
8261, before March 3, 2006. Repatriation
of the sacred object/object of cultural
patrimony to the Central Council of the
Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes on behalf
of the Dakl’aweidi Clan of the
Killerwhale House, Angoon, AK, may
proceed after that date if no additional
claimants come forward.
The Denver Museum of Nature &
Science is responsible for notifying the
Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida
Indian Tribes that this notice has been
published.
Dated: December 30, 2005
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E6–1275 Filed 1–31–06; 8:45 am]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural
Items: Denver Museum of Nature &
Science, Denver, CO
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate cultural items that are in
the possession of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science, Denver, CO, which
meets the definitions of ‘‘sacred object’’
and ‘‘objects of cultural patrimony’’
under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3). The determinations
in this notice are the sole responsibility
of the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not
responsible for the determinations in
this notice.
The ten cultural items are two Dilzini
Gaan kilts, one of colored hide with
tinklers and bells and the other of
colored, beaded canvas (AC.4422 and
A.C.8087F); two feathered caps, one
made by Abner Kahn of hide with
attached eagle and turkey feathers and
the other made of buckskin with red
cloth inlay, brass studs, and beads
(AC.7620 and AC.10177); one man’s cap
of painted hide, beaded with shell and
feather attachments (AC.4777); one
Dilzini Gaan mask of black cloth
surmounted by a wooden crown of eight
fingers and a central rayed cross,
painted white with red and blue designs
(AC.7592); one pair of Dilzini Gaan
boots of colored hide (AC.8087D and
AC.8087E); one Dilzini Gaan leg band
with tinklers and bells (AC.8087J); and
one Dilzini Gaan concha belt of
commerial leather with round silver
conchas and attached beaded bag with
tinklers (AC.8087G).
Museum records show the items were
purchased by Mary W.A. Crane and
Frances V. Crane of The Crane
Foundation from The Fred Harvey
Company, Rex Arrowsmith, House of
Six Directions, Forestdale Trading Post,
and Taos Bookstore in New Mexico and
Arizona from 1959 to 1966. In 1968, the
cultural items were donated by The
Crane Foundation to the Denver
Museum of Natural History (now
Denver Museum of Nature & Science).
The cultural items are cataloged as
North American Indian ethnographic
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 21 / Wednesday, February 1, 2006 / Notices
objects of various Western Apache
cultures.
Museum accession, catalogue, and
computer records, published sources,
and consultation with The Western
Apache NAGPRA Working Group
indicate that the ten cultural items
described above are from the Western
Apache. The Dilzini Gaan objects have
been illustrated and/or described in
scholarly studies as styles used in
traditional girls initiation ceremony by
Gaan spirit impersonators. The masks,
attire, and equipment are held in high
regard in Western Apache society and
are specifically needed for ongoing
practices of traditional Apahce spiritual
beliefs. Western Apache representatives
identified each of the items with
ongoing religious practice and their
testimony was incorporated into
museum catalogue identification and
descriptions. The cultural items belong
to the Western Apache as a group. There
are no museum records that indicate the
collectors from whom the objects were
obtained had received voluntary
consent for alienation from individuals
or a group with authority as keepers of
sacred materials. Therefore, the cultural
items have been identified as fitting the
definition of sacred objects and objects
of cultural patrimony.
The Western Apache NAGPRA
Working Group represents the San
Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos
Reservation, Arizona; Tonto Apache
Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and YavapaiApache Nation of the Camp Verde
Indian Reservation, Arizona.
Officials of the Denver Museum of
Nature & Science have determined that,
pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(C) the ten
cultural items described above are
specific ceremonial objects needed by
traditional Native American religious
leaders for the practice of traditional
Native American religions by their
present-day adherents. Officials of the
Denver Museum of Nature & Science
also have determined that, pursuant to
25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(D), the ten cultural
items have ongoing historical,
traditional, or cultural importance
central to the Native American group or
culture itself, rather than property
owned by an individual. Lastly, officials
of the Denver Museum of Nature &
Science have determined that, pursuant
to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a
relationship of shared group identity
that can be reasonably traced between
the ten sacred objects/objects of cultural
patrimony and The Western Apache
NAGPRA Working Group, as
representatives of the San Carlos
Apache Tribe of the San Carlos
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Reservation, Arizona; Tonto Apache
Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and YavapaiApache Nation of the Camp Verde
Indian Reservation, Arizona.
Representatives of any other Indian
tribe that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the ten sacred objects/
objects of cultural patrimony should
contact Dr. Steven Holen, Head of the
Anthropology Department, Denver
Museum of Nature & Science, 2001
Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205,
telephone (303) 370–8261, before March
3, 2006. Repatriation of the ten sacred
objects/objects of cultural patrimony to
the Western Apache NAGPRA Working
Group, representing the San Carlos
Apache Tribe of the San Carlos
Reservation, Arizona; Tonto Apache
Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain
Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and YavapaiApache Nation of the Camp Verde
Indian Reservation, Arizona may
proceed after that date if no additional
claimants come forward.
The Denver Museum of Nature &
Science is responsible for notifying the
San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San
Carlos Reservation, Arizona; Tonto
Apache Tribe of Arizona; White
Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona; and
Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp
Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona that
this notice has been published.
Dated: December 30, 2005.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E6–1279 Filed 1–31–06; 8:45 am]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Inventory Completion: Fort
Collins Museum, Fort Collins, CO
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Notice is here given in accordance
with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act
(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the
completion of an inventory of human
remains in the possession of the Fort
Collins Museum, Fort Collins, CO. The
human remains were removed from
unknown sites, but most likely from
Larimer and other Colorado counties.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3). The determinations
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5365
in this notice are the sole responsibility
of the museum, institution, or Federal
agency that has control of the Native
American human remains. The National
Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by Fort Collins
Museum professional staff in
consultation with physical and forensic
anthropologists and representatives of
the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Arapaho
Tribe of the Wind River Reservation,
Wyoming; Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
of the Cheyenne River Reservation,
South Dakota; Cheyenne-Arapaho
Tribes of Oklahoma; Comanche Nation,
Oklahoma; Fort Sill Apache Tribe of
Oklahoma; Jicarilla Apache Nation, New
Mexico; Kiowa Indian Tribe of
Oklahoma; Northern Cheyenne Tribe of
the Northern Cheyenne Indian
Reservation, Montana; Oglala Sioux
Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation,
South Dakota; Pawnee Nation of
Oklahoma; Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the
Rosebud Indian Reservation, South
Dakota; Southern Ute Indian Tribe of
the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado;
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North &
South Dakota; Ute Indian Tribe of the
Uintah & Ouray Reservation, Utah; and
Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain
Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, &
Utah.
At an unknown time, human remains
representing a minimum of 13
individuals were donated to the Fort
Collins Museum, Fort Collins, CO.
According to museum records and the
history of the institution’s collections,
the human remains were most likely
removed from Larimer and/or
surrounding counties. While specific
provenience for the human remains is
unknown, certain osteological evidence
and dental characteristics suggest that
the remains are of probable Native
American ancestry and are believed to
date to before 1880. No known
individuals were identified. No
associated funerary objects are present.
Traditional territorial evidence of
Arapaho and Cheyenne occupation of
Larimer County is documented on
numerous maps, including ‘‘Indian
Land Areas Judicially Established
1978.’’ The map, ‘‘Early Indian Tribes,
Culture Areas, and Linguistic Stocks,’’
establishes the presence of the Arapaho
and Ute tribes in the area during the
time of contact. The Colorado Office of
Archaeology and Historic Preservation
map, ‘‘Estimated Tribal Territories in
Colorado During the Late Nineteenth
Century,’’ shows the presence of the
Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne,
Comanche, and Kiowa tribes in all of
eastern Colorado, including Larimer
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 21 (Wednesday, February 1, 2006)]
[Notices]
[Pages 5364-5365]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E6-1279]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: Denver Museum of
Nature & Science, Denver, CO
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate cultural items that are in the possession of the Denver
Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, which meets the definitions of
``sacred object'' and ``objects of cultural patrimony'' under 25 U.S.C.
3001.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3).
The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the cultural
items. The National Park Service is not responsible for the
determinations in this notice.
The ten cultural items are two Dilzini Gaan kilts, one of colored
hide with tinklers and bells and the other of colored, beaded canvas
(AC.4422 and A.C.8087F); two feathered caps, one made by Abner Kahn of
hide with attached eagle and turkey feathers and the other made of
buckskin with red cloth inlay, brass studs, and beads (AC.7620 and
AC.10177); one man's cap of painted hide, beaded with shell and feather
attachments (AC.4777); one Dilzini Gaan mask of black cloth surmounted
by a wooden crown of eight fingers and a central rayed cross, painted
white with red and blue designs (AC.7592); one pair of Dilzini Gaan
boots of colored hide (AC.8087D and AC.8087E); one Dilzini Gaan leg
band with tinklers and bells (AC.8087J); and one Dilzini Gaan concha
belt of commerial leather with round silver conchas and attached beaded
bag with tinklers (AC.8087G).
Museum records show the items were purchased by Mary W.A. Crane and
Frances V. Crane of The Crane Foundation from The Fred Harvey Company,
Rex Arrowsmith, House of Six Directions, Forestdale Trading Post, and
Taos Bookstore in New Mexico and Arizona from 1959 to 1966. In 1968,
the cultural items were donated by The Crane Foundation to the Denver
Museum of Natural History (now Denver Museum of Nature & Science). The
cultural items are cataloged as North American Indian ethnographic
[[Page 5365]]
objects of various Western Apache cultures.
Museum accession, catalogue, and computer records, published
sources, and consultation with The Western Apache NAGPRA Working Group
indicate that the ten cultural items described above are from the
Western Apache. The Dilzini Gaan objects have been illustrated and/or
described in scholarly studies as styles used in traditional girls
initiation ceremony by Gaan spirit impersonators. The masks, attire,
and equipment are held in high regard in Western Apache society and are
specifically needed for ongoing practices of traditional Apahce
spiritual beliefs. Western Apache representatives identified each of
the items with ongoing religious practice and their testimony was
incorporated into museum catalogue identification and descriptions. The
cultural items belong to the Western Apache as a group. There are no
museum records that indicate the collectors from whom the objects were
obtained had received voluntary consent for alienation from individuals
or a group with authority as keepers of sacred materials. Therefore,
the cultural items have been identified as fitting the definition of
sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony.
The Western Apache NAGPRA Working Group represents the San Carlos
Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona; Tonto Apache Tribe
of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation,
Arizona; and Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian
Reservation, Arizona.
Officials of the Denver Museum of Nature & Science have determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(C) the ten cultural items described
above are specific ceremonial objects needed by traditional Native
American religious leaders for the practice of traditional Native
American religions by their present-day adherents. Officials of the
Denver Museum of Nature & Science also have determined that, pursuant
to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(D), the ten cultural items have ongoing
historical, traditional, or cultural importance central to the Native
American group or culture itself, rather than property owned by an
individual. Lastly, officials of the Denver Museum of Nature & Science
have determined that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a
relationship of shared group identity that can be reasonably traced
between the ten sacred objects/objects of cultural patrimony and The
Western Apache NAGPRA Working Group, as representatives of the San
Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona; Tonto
Apache Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache
Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde
Indian Reservation, Arizona.
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to
be culturally affiliated with the ten sacred objects/objects of
cultural patrimony should contact Dr. Steven Holen, Head of the
Anthropology Department, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001
Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, telephone (303) 370-8261, before
March 3, 2006. Repatriation of the ten sacred objects/objects of
cultural patrimony to the Western Apache NAGPRA Working Group,
representing the San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation,
Arizona; Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of
the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai-Apache Nation of the
Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona may proceed after that date if
no additional claimants come forward.
The Denver Museum of Nature & Science is responsible for notifying
the San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona;
Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort
Apache Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp
Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona that this notice has been published.
Dated: December 30, 2005.
Sherry Hutt,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. E6-1279 Filed 1-31-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-50-S
