Valuation of Benefits; Mortality Assumptions, 72205-72211 [05-23554]
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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
restrictions imposed by (e)(5) would
limit the ability of those agencies’
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(9) From subsection (g) to the extent
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Dated: November 22, 2005.
Paul R. Corts,
Assistant Attorney General for
Administration.
[FR Doc. 05–23568 Filed 12–1–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410–02–P
PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY
CORPORATION
29 CFR Part 4044
RIN 1212–AA55
Valuation of Benefits; Mortality
Assumptions
Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation is amending its benefit
valuation regulation by adopting more
current mortality assumptions. The
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mortality assumptions prescribed under
PBGC’s regulations to be used to value
benefits for non-disabled (‘‘healthy’’)
participants are taken from the 1983
Group Annuity Mortality (GAM–83)
Tables. The PBGC published a final rule
adopting these tables in 1993, noting
that many private-sector insurers used
the GAM–83 Tables when setting group
annuity prices. At that time, the PBGC
also said that it intended to keep each
of its individual valuation assumptions
in line with those of private-sector
insurers, and to modify its mortality
assumptions whenever it is necessary to
do so to achieve consistency with the
private insurer assumptions. This rule
updates those assumptions by replacing
a version of the GAM–83 Tables with a
version of the GAM–94 Tables. The
updated mortality assumptions will
better conform to those used by privatesector insurers in pricing group
annuities.
Effective January 1, 2006. For a
discussion of applicability of the
amendments, see the Applicability
section in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James J. Armbruster, Acting Director,
Legislative and Regulatory Department,
or James L. Beller, Jr., Attorney,
Legislative and Regulatory Department,
PBGC, 1200 K Street, N.W., Washington,
DC 20005–4026; 202–326–4024. (TTY/
TDD users may call the Federal relay
service toll-free at 1–800–877–8339 and
ask to be connected to 202–326–4024.)
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On March
14, 2005 (at 70 FR 12429), the Pension
Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)
published a proposed rule modifying 29
CFR part 4044 (Allocation of Assets in
Single-employer Plans). The PBGC
received one comment letter on the
proposed rule (which is addressed
below) and is issuing the final
regulation as proposed.
The PBGC’s regulations provide rules
for valuing benefits in a single-employer
plan that terminates in a distress or
involuntary termination. (The rules are
codified at 29 CFR part 4044, subpart B.)
The PBGC uses these rules to determine:
(1) The extent to which participants’
benefits are funded under the allocation
rules of ERISA section 4044, (2) whether
a plan is sufficient for guaranteed
benefits, and (3) how much an employer
owes the PBGC as a result of a plan
termination under ERISA section 4062.
Employers must use these rules to
determine the value of plan benefit
liabilities in annual reports required to
be submitted under ERISA section 4010,
and may use these rules to ensure that
plan spinoffs, mergers, and transfers
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comply with Internal Revenue Code
section 414(l).
General Valuation Approach
The valuation rules prescribe a
number of assumptions intended to
produce reasonable valuation results on
average for the range of plans
terminating in distress or involuntary
terminations, rather than for any
particular plan or plan type. The
assumptions prescribed by this rule for
valuing benefits in terminating plans
match the private-sector annuity market
to the extent possible.
The market cost of providing annuity
benefits is based upon data from
periodic surveys conducted for the
PBGC by the American Council of Life
Insurers (the ACLI surveys). These ACLI
surveys ask insurers for pricing
information on group annuities. Each
respondent to the surveys provides its
prices (net of administrative expenses)
for a range of ages for immediate
annuities (annuities where payments
start immediately) and for deferred
annuities (annuities where payments are
deferred to age 65). Prices of each of the
two types of annuities are averaged at
each age to get an average market price.
Interest factors are derived so that, when
combined with the PBGC’s healthy-life
mortality assumptions, they provide the
best fit for the average market prices (as
obtained from the ACLI surveys) over
the entire range of ages. The interest
factors are recalibrated to the annuity
survey prices each year. Each month
between recalibrations, the interest
factors are adjusted based on changes in
the yield on long-term corporate
investment-grade bonds. The interest
factors are then used in conjunction
with the PBGC’s mortality assumptions
(and other PBGC assumptions) to value
annuity benefits.
These derived interest factors are not
market interest rates. The factors stand
in for all the many components used in
annuity pricing that are not reflected in
the given mortality table—e.g., assumed
yield on investment, margins for profit
and contingencies, premium and
income taxes, and marketing and sales
expenses. Because of the relationship
among annuity prices, a mortality table,
and the derived interest factors, it is
never meaningful to compare PBGC’s
interest factors to market interest rates.
The PBGC’s interest factors are
meaningful only in combination with
the PBGC’s mortality assumptions.
Mortality Assumptions
One set of assumptions prescribed by
the valuation regulation relates to the
probabilities that a participant (or
beneficiary) will survive to each
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expected benefit payment date, i.e.,
mortality assumptions. The mortality
assumptions now used to value benefits
for non-disabled (‘‘healthy’’)
participants are taken from the 1983
Group Annuity Mortality (GAM–83)
Tables. The PBGC published a final rule
adopting these tables in 1993, noting in
the preamble to the proposed rule, 58
FR 5128, 5129 (January 19, 1993), that
many private-sector insurers used the
GAM–83 Tables when setting group
annuity prices. The PBGC also said (at
58 FR 5129) that it intended ‘‘to keep
each of its individual valuation
assumptions in line with those of
private-sector insurers, and to modify its
mortality assumptions whenever it is
necessary to do so to achieve
consistency with the private insurer
assumptions.’’ These mortality
assumptions have not been updated
since 1993.
As noted, the ACLI periodically
conducts surveys, on behalf of the
PBGC, of insurers who provide group
annuity contracts for information on
how they price group annuities. In
addition to other pricing questions, the
ACLI from time to time has asked for
information on which mortality tables
the insurers use when pricing group
annuities in pension plans. A majority
of respondents indicated that, as of
March 31, 2002, they use a version of
the 1994 Group Annuity Mortality Basic
(GAM–94 Basic) Table and project
future improvements in mortality with
projection scale AA. Similarly, the
Society of Actuaries sponsored a survey
of pricing actuaries for insurers who
provide group annuity contracts and
found that five of the ten respondents
used a version of the GAM–94 Table
and six of the ten used an unloaded (i.e.,
basic) table. 30-Year Treasury Rates and
Defined Benefit Plans, August 22, 2001,
p.5. That survey also found that most of
the surveyed companies projected
future improvements and that the most
common projection scale was AA.
Based on these surveys, this
regulation adopts the GAM–94 Basic
Table as the basis for the healthy-life
mortality assumptions to be used for
PBGC valuations of plan benefits.
Specifically, for a particular valuation,
the regulation prescribes the use of the
GAM–94 Basic Table projected to the
year of that valuation plus 10 years
using Scale AA. The updated mortality
assumptions will result in interest
factors that, when combined with those
updated mortality assumptions, will
provide prices that match the ACLI
survey prices more closely across the
entire range of ages than had GAM–83
been used.
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The regulation prescribes a projected
mortality table to take into account
expected improvements in mortality.
While it would be ideal to reflect
mortality improvement through the use
of a fully generational mortality table
(i.e., a table that provides for full
generational mortality improvement),
this would be unduly complex.1 A fully
generational table is constructed from a
group of static tables. For example, the
value of an annuity payable to a
participant beginning at age 65 in 2007
would be calculated from a 2007 static
table for the probability of death at age
65, a 2008 static table for the probability
of death at age 66, a 2009 static table for
the probability of death at age 67, etc.
One method of approximating the
effect of full generational mortality
improvement is to project the current
table for a specified number of years and
use the resulting table without further
projection. The number of years of
projection would be equal to the years
to the valuation date plus the duration
of liabilities. This rule adopts this
approach. A mortality table that
includes projection for the liability
duration takes into account expected
mortality improvements and achieves
results very close to those of a fully
generational table but in a much less
complex manner.
The regulation calls for the use of
mortality tables projected to the year of
valuation plus 10 years as a rough
approximation for the duration of
liabilities in plans that terminate in
distress or involuntary terminations.
Thus, for a valuation in 2006, mortality
is projected to the year 2016 for each
age. For a valuation in 2007, mortality
is projected to the year 2017. For
example, the probability of death for a
65-year-old healthy male to be used in
a valuation in 2006 would be calculated
as follows: .015629 × (1 ¥ .014) (2006 ¥
1994 ∂ 10) = .011461. The PBGC will
publish the projected mortality tables on
its Web site (www.pbgc.gov).
There is no reason to expect that the
mortality tables under this regulation
will match the tables that are prescribed
for certain funding purposes under
Treasury Regulations at any point in
time. The PBGC’s mortality tables are
based on the mortality experience of
group annuitants. In contrast, the tables
to be used for certain minimum funding
purposes are based on the mortality
experience of individuals covered by
pension plans.
1 In response to the 1997 Notice of Intent to
Propose Rulemaking, one commenter asked for the
adoption of a static table rather than a generational
table to avoid unnecessary complexity.
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Because of the way the PBGC’s
interest factors are determined, the
choice of mortality assumptions
generally is expected to have no
significant effect on benefit valuations.
The effect that a change in mortality
assumptions will have on valuations
generally will be offset by the effect of
the corresponding change in the interest
factors. For example, the use of GAM–
94 mortality assumptions will result in
higher interest factors than would the
use of GAM–83 mortality assumptions
(because GAM–94 has lower mortality
rates than GAM–83). When those higher
interest factors are combined with
GAM–94, the resulting value for a given
benefit will generally be about the same
as it would be using GAM–83 along
with the lower interest factors derived
from the ACLI survey prices using
GAM–83. (For a more detailed
explanation, see the preambles to the
PBGC’s proposed rule published on
January 19, 1993, at 58 FR 5128, and
final rule published on September 28,
1993, at 58 FR 50812.)
In addition to the mortality
assumptions for healthy individuals, the
current regulation provides two other
sets of mortality assumptions: (1) Those
for participants who are disabled under
a plan provision requiring eligibility for
Social Security disability benefits
(Social Security disabled participants),
and (2) those for participants who are
disabled under a plan provision that
does not require eligibility for Social
Security disability benefits (non-Social
Security disabled participants).
As with the mortality assumptions for
healthy individuals, this rule updates
the mortality assumptions used for
disabled participants. For Social
Security disabled participants, the
regulation calls for the use of the
Mortality Tables for Disabilities
Occurring in Plan Years Beginning After
December 31, 1994, from Rev. Rul. 96–
7 (1996–1 C.B. 59). These tables were
developed by the Internal Revenue
Service as required by the Retirement
Protection Act of 1994 amendments
relating to the determination of current
liability. For non-Social Security
disabled participants, the regulation
calls for the use of the healthy life tables
projected from 1994 to the calendar year
in which the valuation date occurs plus
10 years using Scale AA and setting the
resulting table forward three years. In
addition, in order to prevent the rates at
the older ages from exceeding the
corresponding rates in the proposed
table for Social Security disabled
participants, the mortality rate for nonSocial Security disabled participants is
capped at the corresponding rate for
Social Security disabled participants.
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For convenience, the PBGC will make
all of these mortality tables (like the
healthy-life mortality tables) available
on its Web site (www.pbgc.gov).
The rule also makes a clarifying
change to this regulation to reflect the
PBGC’s practice of treating a participant
as a disabled participant (Social
Security disabled and non-Social
Security disabled, whichever is
applicable) if on the valuation date the
participant is under age 65 and has a
benefit that was converted under the
plan’s terms from a disability benefit to
an early or normal retirement benefit for
any reason other than a change in the
participant’s health status.
In addition, for clarity, paragraph
4044.52(d) is expressed more simply
and moved to paragraph 4044.53(g).
That paragraph, which deals with
mortality when valuing deferred joint
annuities, is being moved from the
subsection that deals generally with
valuation to the subsection that deals
specifically with mortality.
survey respondents provided mortality
assumptions that vary depending on
industry or workforce type. Moreover,
none of the survey respondents reported
that they make modifications or
adjustments based on industry or
workforce type. As for the use of planspecific mortality assumptions, the
general valuation approach is to apply
a common set of assumptions (e.g.,
mortality, expected retirement age) to all
plans with the goal of producing
reasonable results on average. Shifting
to a plan-specific approach for mortality
would be a fundamental change that
could require burdensome verification
procedures. Therefore, the PBGC
proposed to continue to use more
general mortality assumptions that, like
its other assumptions, produce
reasonable results on average. (No
comments were received on the
proposed rule with respect to this
issue.)
Comments on Notice of Intent To
Propose Rulemaking
In developing the proposed rule, the
PBGC considered the comments relating
to its mortality assumptions that it
received in response to its notice of
intent to propose rulemaking issued on
March 19, 1997 (62 FR 12982). The
proposed rule adopted a number of the
suggestions made by commenters. For
instance, one commenter suggested that
the regulation should not call for the use
of a reserving table (i.e., a table that
includes a built-in margin to provide a
cushion for reserving purposes).
Another commenter asked for the
adoption of a static table rather than a
generational table. This final rule adopts
basic (nonreserve) tables that
approximate the effect of full
generational mortality improvements
without the complexity of a fully
generational table.
Several commenters asked that the
rule provide mortality assumptions that
vary depending on industry or
workforce type or that vary on a planspecific basis. The proposed rule did
not adopt either of these approaches. As
discussed above and in the proposed
rule, the mortality assumptions are
selected with the goal of achieving
consistency with the mortality
assumptions used by private-sector
insurers for pricing group annuity
contracts. To this end, ACLI
respondents were asked to identify the
mortality tables they used and any
variations to those tables. Neither the
proposed GAM–94 Basic Table, the
most commonly identified table, nor
any of the other tables identified by the
One comment letter on the proposed
rule was received. The commenter, an
actuary in private practice, asserted that
the GAM–94 Basic Table is not widely
available and asked the PBGC to explain
this table more clearly and to publish
the exact Qs (mortality rates). The
commenter also suggested that the
PBGC should clarify why the proposed
rates tables for Social Security disabled
lives, which differ from other popular
rates tables for disabled lives (for
example, the RP–2000 disabled life
mortality table), are appropriate.
The GAM–94 Basic Table is also
known as the 1994 Uninsured Pensioner
Mortality Table (UP–94), which is
widely available; for example, it is
included in the Society of Actuaries’
mortality table software, ‘‘Table
Manager.’’ The GAM–94 Basic Table,
with specific Qs and the projection
scale, was part of the proposed rule (and
is included in this final rule). In
addition, as stated above and in the
proposed rule, the PBGC will publish
the projected mortality tables on its Web
site (www.pbgc.gov).
The rule calls for the use of rates from
the Mortality Tables for Disabilities
Occurring in Plan Years Beginning After
December 31, 1994, from Rev. Rul. 96–
7 (1996–1 C.B. 59) for Social Security
disabled participants, because those
rates were developed based on the
Social Security Administration’s
experience for individuals who are
receiving benefits under its program.
These tables differ from certain other
popular tables (in particular, the RP–
2000 table), which are based on a
population of all disabled lives, rather
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Comments on Proposed Rule
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72207
than the narrower population of Social
Security disabled lives.
Applicability
These amendments apply to any plan
with a termination date on or after
January 1, 2006.
Other Changes to Valuation Regulation
The PBGC will continue to explore
other ways to improve its benefit
valuation regulations and may make
other changes through separate
rulemaking actions.
Compliance With Rulemaking
Guidelines
The PBGC has determined, in
consultation with the Office of
Management and Budget, that this rule
is a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’
under Executive Order 12866. The
Office of Management and Budget,
therefore, has reviewed this rule under
Executive Order 12866.
The PBGC certifies under section
605(b) of the Regulatory Flexibility Act
that this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. As explained
earlier in this preamble, the effect on a
plan valuation of the change in the
PBGC’s mortality assumptions will be
offset by the effect on that plan’s
valuation of the PBGC’s use of higher
interest factors. Because of this
offsetting effect, the PBGC does not
expect this rule to have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of entities of any size.
Accordingly, sections 603 and 604 of
the Regulatory Flexibility Act do not
apply.
This final rule contains no collection
of information requirements within the
meaning of the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995.
List of Subjects in 29 CFR Part 4044
Employee benefits plans, Pension
insurance, Pensions.
I For the reasons set forth above, the
PBGC amends part 4044 of 29 CFR
chapter XL as follows:
PART 4044—ALLOCATION OF
ASSETS IN SINGLE-EMPLOYER
PLANS
1. The authority citation for part 4044
continues to read as follows:
I
Authority: 29 U.S.C. 1301(a), 1302(b)(3),
1341, 1344, and 1362.
2. Amend § 4044.52 by adding the
word ‘‘and’’ to the end of paragraph (c),
removing paragraph (d), and
redesignating paragraph (e) as paragraph
(d).
I 3. Revise § 4044.53 to read as follows:
I
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Mortality assumptions.
(a) General rule. Subject to paragraph
(b) of this section (regarding certain
death benefits), the plan administrator
shall use the mortality factors
prescribed in paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (f),
and (g) of this section to value benefits
under § 4044.52.
(b) Certain death benefits. If an
annuity for one person is in pay status
on the valuation date, and if the
payment of a death benefit after the
valuation date to another person, who
need not be identifiable on the valuation
date, depends in whole or in part on the
death of the pay status annuitant, then
the plan administrator shall value the
death benefit using—
(1) The mortality rates that are
applicable to the annuity in pay status
under this section to represent the
mortality of the pay status annuitant;
and
(2) The mortality rates under
paragraph (c) of this section to represent
the mortality of the death beneficiary.
(c) Healthy lives. If the individual is
not disabled under paragraph (f) of this
section, the plan administrator will
value the benefit using—
(1) For male participants, the rates in
Table 1 of Appendix A to this part
projected from 1994 to the calendar year
in which the valuation date occurs plus
10 years using Scale AA from Table 2
of Appendix A to this part; and
(2) For female participants, the rates
in Table 3 of Appendix A to this part
projected from 1994 to the calendar year
in which the valuation date occurs plus
10 years using Scale AA from Table 4
of Appendix A to this part.
(d) Social Security disabled lives. If
the individual is Social Security
disabled under paragraph (f)(1) of this
section, the plan administrator will
value the benefit using—
(1) For male participants, the rates in
Table 5 of Appendix A to this part; and
(2) For female participants, the rates
in Table 6 of Appendix A to this part.
(e) Non-Social Security disabled lives.
If the individual is non-Social Security
disabled under paragraph (f)(2) of this
section, the plan administrator will
value the benefit at each age using—
(1) For male participants, the lesser
of—
(i) The rate determined from Table 1
of Appendix A to this part projected
from 1994 to the calendar year in which
the valuation date occurs plus 10 years
using Scale AA from Table 2 of
Appendix A to this part and setting the
resulting table forward three years, or
(ii) The rate in Table 5 of Appendix
A to this part.
(2) For female participants, the lesser
of—
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(i) The rate determined from Table 3
of Appendix A to this part projected
from 1994 to the calendar year in which
the valuation date occurs plus 10 years
using Scale AA from Table 4 of
Appendix A to this part and setting the
resulting table forward three years, or
(ii) The rate in Table 6 of Appendix
A to this part.
(f) Definitions of disability.
(1) Social Security disabled. A
participant is Social Security disabled
if, on the valuation date, the participant
is less than age 65 and has a benefit in
pay status that—
(i) Is being received as a disability
benefit under a plan provision requiring
either receipt of or eligibility for Social
Security disability benefits, or
(ii) Was converted under the plan’s
terms from a disability benefit under a
plan provision requiring either receipt
of or eligibility for Social Security
disability benefits to an early or normal
retirement benefit for any reason other
than a change in the participant’s health
status.
(2) Non-Social Security disabled. A
participant is non-Social Security
disabled if, on the valuation date, the
participant is less than age 65, is not
Social Security disabled, and has a
benefit in pay status that—
(i) Is being received as a disability
benefit under the plan, or
(ii) Was converted under the plan’s
terms from a disability benefit to an
early or normal retirement benefit for
any reason other than a change in the
participant’s health status.
(g) Contingent annuitant mortality
during deferral period. If a participant’s
joint and survivor benefit is valued as a
deferred annuity, the mortality of the
contingent annuitant during the deferral
period will be disregarded.
I 4. Revise Appendix A to part 4044 to
read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 4044—Mortality
Rate Tables
The mortality tables in this appendix
set forth that for each age x the
probability qX that an individual aged x
(in 1994, when using Table 1 or Table
3) will not survive to attain age x + 1.
The projection scales in this appendix
set forth for each age x the annual
reduction AAX in the mortality rate at
age x.
TABLE 1.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR
HEALTHY MALE PARTICIPANTS
[94 GAM basic]
Age x
qX
15 ..............................................
16 ..............................................
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0.000371
0.000421
TABLE 1.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR
HEALTHY MALE PARTICIPANTS—
Continued
[94 GAM basic]
Age x
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qX
0.000463
0.000495
0.000521
0.000545
0.000570
0.000598
0.000633
0.000671
0.000711
0.000749
0.000782
0.000811
0.000838
0.000862
0.000883
0.000902
0.000912
0.000913
0.000915
0.000927
0.000958
0.001010
0.001075
0.001153
0.001243
0.001346
0.001454
0.001568
0.001697
0.001852
0.002042
0.002260
0.002501
0.002773
0.003088
0.003455
0.003854
0.004278
0.004758
0.005322
0.006001
0.006774
0.007623
0.008576
0.009663
0.010911
0.012335
0.013914
0.015629
0.017462
0.019391
0.021354
0.023364
0.025516
0.027905
0.030625
0.033549
0.036614
0.040012
0.043933
0.048570
0.053991
0.060066
0.066696
0.073780
0.081217
0.088721
0.096358
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE 1.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR
HEALTHY MALE PARTICIPANTS—
Continued
TABLE 2.—PROJECTION SCALE AA
FOR
HEALTHY MALE PARTICIPANTS—Continued
[94 GAM basic]
Age x
Age x
qX
85 ..............................................
86 ..............................................
87 ..............................................
88 ..............................................
89 ..............................................
90 ..............................................
91 ..............................................
92 ..............................................
93 ..............................................
94 ..............................................
95 ..............................................
96 ..............................................
97 ..............................................
98 ..............................................
99 ..............................................
100 ............................................
101 ............................................
102 ............................................
103 ............................................
104 ............................................
105 ............................................
106 ............................................
107 ............................................
108 ............................................
109 ............................................
110 ............................................
111 ............................................
112 ............................................
113 ............................................
114 ............................................
115 ............................................
116 ............................................
117 ............................................
118 ............................................
119 ............................................
120 ............................................
0.104559
0.113755
0.124377
0.136537
0.149949
0.164442
0.179849
0.196001
0.213325
0.231936
0.251189
0.270441
0.289048
0.306750
0.323976
0.341116
0.358560
0.376699
0.396884
0.418855
0.440585
0.460043
0.475200
0.485670
0.492807
0.497189
0.499394
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
1.000000
TABLE 2.—PROJECTION SCALE AA
FOR HEALTHY MALE PARTICIPANTS
Age x
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
AAX
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
VerDate Aug<31>2005
14:17 Dec 01, 2005
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.007
Jkt 208001
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 4700
TABLE 2.—PROJECTION SCALE AA
FOR
HEALTHY MALE PARTICIPANTS—Continued
AAX
40 ....................................................
41 ....................................................
42 ....................................................
43 ....................................................
44 ....................................................
45 ....................................................
46 ....................................................
47 ....................................................
48 ....................................................
49 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
51 ....................................................
52 ....................................................
53 ....................................................
54 ....................................................
55 ....................................................
56 ....................................................
57 ....................................................
58 ....................................................
59 ....................................................
60 ....................................................
61 ....................................................
62 ....................................................
63 ....................................................
64 ....................................................
65 ....................................................
66 ....................................................
67 ....................................................
68 ....................................................
69 ....................................................
70 ....................................................
71 ....................................................
72 ....................................................
73 ....................................................
74 ....................................................
75 ....................................................
76 ....................................................
77 ....................................................
78 ....................................................
79 ....................................................
80 ....................................................
81 ....................................................
82 ....................................................
83 ....................................................
84 ....................................................
85 ....................................................
86 ....................................................
87 ....................................................
88 ....................................................
89 ....................................................
90 ....................................................
91 ....................................................
92 ....................................................
93 ....................................................
94 ....................................................
95 ....................................................
96 ....................................................
97 ....................................................
98 ....................................................
99 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
101 ..................................................
102 ..................................................
103 ..................................................
104 ..................................................
105 ..................................................
106 ..................................................
107 ..................................................
108 ..................................................
109 ..................................................
Sfmt 4700
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
72209
Age x
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
AAX
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
TABLE 3.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR
HEALTHY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS
[94 GAM Basic]
Age x
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
E:\FR\FM\02DER1.SGM
02DER1
qX
0.000233
0.000261
0.000281
0.000293
0.000301
0.000305
0.000308
0.000311
0.000313
0.000313
0.000313
0.000316
0.000324
0.000338
0.000356
0.000377
0.000401
0.000427
0.000454
0.000482
0.000514
0.000550
0.000593
0.000643
0.000701
0.000763
0.000826
0.000888
0.000943
0.000992
0.001046
0.001111
0.001196
0.001297
0.001408
0.001536
0.001686
0.001864
0.002051
0.002241
0.002466
0.002755
0.003139
0.003612
0.004154
0.004773
0.005476
0.006271
0.007179
0.008194
72210
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE 3.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR
HEALTHY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS—
Continued
TABLE 4.—PROJECTION SCALE AA
FOR HEALTHY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS—Continued
[94 GAM Basic]
Age x
Age x
qX
65 ..............................................
66 ..............................................
67 ..............................................
68 ..............................................
69 ..............................................
70 ..............................................
71 ..............................................
72 ..............................................
73 ..............................................
74 ..............................................
75 ..............................................
76 ..............................................
77 ..............................................
78 ..............................................
79 ..............................................
80 ..............................................
81 ..............................................
82 ..............................................
83 ..............................................
84 ..............................................
85 ..............................................
86 ..............................................
87 ..............................................
88 ..............................................
89 ..............................................
90 ..............................................
91 ..............................................
92 ..............................................
93 ..............................................
94 ..............................................
95 ..............................................
96 ..............................................
97 ..............................................
98 ..............................................
99 ..............................................
100 ............................................
101 ............................................
102 ............................................
103 ............................................
104 ............................................
105 ............................................
106 ............................................
107 ............................................
108 ............................................
109 ............................................
110 ............................................
111 ............................................
112 ............................................
113 ............................................
114 ............................................
115 ............................................
116 ............................................
117 ............................................
118 ............................................
119 ............................................
120 ............................................
0.009286
0.010423
0.011574
0.012648
0.013665
0.014763
0.016079
0.017748
0.019724
0.021915
0.024393
0.027231
0.030501
0.034115
0.038024
0.042361
0.047260
0.052853
0.058986
0.065569
0.072836
0.081018
0.090348
0.100882
0.112467
0.125016
0.138442
0.152660
0.167668
0.183524
0.200229
0.217783
0.236188
0.255605
0.276035
0.297233
0.318956
0.340960
0.364586
0.389996
0.415180
0.438126
0.456824
0.471493
0.483473
0.492436
0.498054
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
0.500000
1.000000
TABLE 4.—PROJECTION SCALE AA
FOR HEALTHY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS
Age x
15
16
17
18
19
AAX
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
VerDate Aug<31>2005
14:17 Dec 01, 2005
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.015
Jkt 208001
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
PO 00000
AAX
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
Frm 00016
Fmt 4700
TABLE 4.—PROJECTION SCALE AA
FOR HEALTHY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS—Continued
Sfmt 4700
0.016
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
Age x
90 ....................................................
91 ....................................................
92 ....................................................
93 ....................................................
94 ....................................................
95 ....................................................
96 ....................................................
97 ....................................................
98 ....................................................
99 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
101 ..................................................
102 ..................................................
103 ..................................................
104 ..................................................
105 ..................................................
106 ..................................................
107 ..................................................
108 ..................................................
109 ..................................................
110 ..................................................
111 ..................................................
112 ..................................................
113 ..................................................
114 ..................................................
115 ..................................................
116 ..................................................
117 ..................................................
118 ..................................................
119 ..................................................
120 ..................................................
AAX
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
TABLE 5.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY DISABLED MALE
PARTICIPANTS
Age x
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
E:\FR\FM\02DER1.SGM
02DER1
qX
0.022010
0.022502
0.023001
0.023519
0.024045
0.024583
0.025133
0.025697
0.026269
0.026857
0.027457
0.028071
0.028704
0.029345
0.029999
0.030661
0.031331
0.032006
0.032689
0.033405
0.034184
0.034981
0.035796
0.036634
0.037493
0.038373
0.039272
0.040189
0.041122
0.042071
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE 5.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY DISABLED MALE
PARTICIPANTS—Continued
Age x
45 ..............................................
46 ..............................................
47 ..............................................
48 ..............................................
49 ..............................................
50 ..............................................
51 ..............................................
52 ..............................................
53 ..............................................
54 ..............................................
55 ..............................................
56 ..............................................
57 ..............................................
58 ..............................................
59 ..............................................
60 ..............................................
61 ..............................................
62 ..............................................
63 ..............................................
64 ..............................................
65 ..............................................
66 ..............................................
67 ..............................................
68 ..............................................
69 ..............................................
70 ..............................................
71 ..............................................
72 ..............................................
73 ..............................................
74 ..............................................
75 ..............................................
76 ..............................................
77 ..............................................
78 ..............................................
79 ..............................................
80 ..............................................
81 ..............................................
82 ..............................................
83 ..............................................
84 ..............................................
85 ..............................................
86 ..............................................
87 ..............................................
88 ..............................................
89 ..............................................
90 ..............................................
91 ..............................................
92 ..............................................
93 ..............................................
94 ..............................................
95 ..............................................
96 ..............................................
97 ..............................................
98 ..............................................
99 ..............................................
100 ............................................
101 ............................................
102 ............................................
103 ............................................
104 ............................................
105 ............................................
106 ............................................
107 ............................................
108 ............................................
109 ............................................
110 ............................................
VerDate Aug<31>2005
14:17 Dec 01, 2005
TABLE 6.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY DISABLED FEMALE
PARTICIPANTS
Age x
qX
0.043033
0.044007
0.044993
0.045989
0.046993
0.048004
0.049021
0.050042
0.051067
0.052093
0.053120
0.054144
0.055089
0.056068
0.057080
0.058118
0.059172
0.060232
0.061303
0.062429
0.063669
0.065082
0.066724
0.068642
0.070834
0.073284
0.075979
0.078903
0.082070
0.085606
0.088918
0.092208
0.095625
0.099216
0.103030
0.107113
0.111515
0.116283
0.121464
0.127108
0.133262
0.139974
0.147292
0.155265
0.163939
0.173363
0.183585
0.194653
0.206615
0.219519
0.234086
0.248436
0.263954
0.280803
0.299154
0.319185
0.341086
0.365052
0.393102
0.427255
0.469531
0.521945
0.586518
0.665268
0.760215
1.000000
Jkt 208001
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 4700
TABLE 6.—MORTALITY TABLE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY DISABLED FEMALE
PARTICIPANTS—Continued
qX
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
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..............................................
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..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
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..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
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..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
Sfmt 4700
0.007777
0.008120
0.008476
0.008852
0.009243
0.009650
0.010076
0.010521
0.010984
0.011468
0.011974
0.012502
0.013057
0.013632
0.014229
0.014843
0.015473
0.016103
0.016604
0.017121
0.017654
0.018204
0.018770
0.019355
0.019957
0.020579
0.021219
0.021880
0.022561
0.023263
0.023988
0.024734
0.025504
0.026298
0.027117
0.027961
0.028832
0.029730
0.030655
0.031609
0.032594
0.033608
0.034655
0.035733
0.036846
0.037993
0.039176
0.040395
0.041653
0.042950
0.044287
0.045666
0.046828
0.048070
0.049584
0.051331
0.053268
0.055356
0.057573
0.059979
0.062574
0.065480
0.068690
0.072237
0.076156
0.080480
0.085243
0.090480
0.096224
0.102508
72211
Age x
85 ..............................................
86 ..............................................
87 ..............................................
88 ..............................................
89 ..............................................
90 ..............................................
91 ..............................................
92 ..............................................
93 ..............................................
94 ..............................................
95 ..............................................
96 ..............................................
97 ..............................................
98 ..............................................
99 ..............................................
100 ............................................
101 ............................................
102 ............................................
103 ............................................
104 ............................................
105 ............................................
106 ............................................
107 ............................................
108 ............................................
109 ............................................
110 ............................................
qX
0.109368
0.116837
0.124948
0.133736
0.143234
0.153477
0.164498
0.176332
0.189011
0.202571
0.217045
0.232467
0.248870
0.266289
0.284758
0.303433
0.327385
0.359020
0.395842
0.438360
0.487816
0.545886
0.614309
0.694884
0.789474
1.000000
Issued in Washington, DC, this 29 day of
November, 2005.
Elaine L. Chao,
Chairman, Board of Directors, Pension Benefit
Guaranty Corporation.
Issued on the date set forth above pursuant
to a resolution of the Board of Directors
authorizing its Chairman to issue this final
rule.
Judith R. Starr,
Secretary, Board of Directors, Pension Benefit
Guaranty Corporation.
[FR Doc. 05–23554 Filed 12–1–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7708–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS
AFFAIRS
38 CFR Parts 3 and 20
RIN 2900–AL86
Dependency and Indemnity
Compensation: Surviving Spouse’s
Rate; Payments Based on Veteran’s
Entitlement to Compensation for
Service-Connected Disability Rated
Totally Disabling for Specified Periods
Prior to Death
Department of Veterans Affairs.
Final rule.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
SUMMARY: The Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA) is amending its
adjudication regulations concerning
payment of dependency and indemnity
compensation (DIC) for certain non-
E:\FR\FM\02DER1.SGM
02DER1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 231 (Friday, December 2, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 72205-72211]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-23554]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION
29 CFR Part 4044
RIN 1212-AA55
Valuation of Benefits; Mortality Assumptions
AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation is amending its
benefit valuation regulation by adopting more current mortality
assumptions. The mortality assumptions prescribed under PBGC's
regulations to be used to value benefits for non-disabled (``healthy'')
participants are taken from the 1983 Group Annuity Mortality (GAM-83)
Tables. The PBGC published a final rule adopting these tables in 1993,
noting that many private-sector insurers used the GAM-83 Tables when
setting group annuity prices. At that time, the PBGC also said that it
intended to keep each of its individual valuation assumptions in line
with those of private-sector insurers, and to modify its mortality
assumptions whenever it is necessary to do so to achieve consistency
with the private insurer assumptions. This rule updates those
assumptions by replacing a version of the GAM-83 Tables with a version
of the GAM-94 Tables. The updated mortality assumptions will better
conform to those used by private-sector insurers in pricing group
annuities.
DATES: Effective January 1, 2006. For a discussion of applicability of
the amendments, see the Applicability section in SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James J. Armbruster, Acting Director,
Legislative and Regulatory Department, or James L. Beller, Jr.,
Attorney, Legislative and Regulatory Department, PBGC, 1200 K Street,
N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4026; 202-326-4024. (TTY/TDD users may call
the Federal relay service toll-free at 1-800-877-8339 and ask to be
connected to 202-326-4024.)
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On March 14, 2005 (at 70 FR 12429), the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) published a proposed rule
modifying 29 CFR part 4044 (Allocation of Assets in Single-employer
Plans). The PBGC received one comment letter on the proposed rule
(which is addressed below) and is issuing the final regulation as
proposed.
The PBGC's regulations provide rules for valuing benefits in a
single-employer plan that terminates in a distress or involuntary
termination. (The rules are codified at 29 CFR part 4044, subpart B.)
The PBGC uses these rules to determine: (1) The extent to which
participants' benefits are funded under the allocation rules of ERISA
section 4044, (2) whether a plan is sufficient for guaranteed benefits,
and (3) how much an employer owes the PBGC as a result of a plan
termination under ERISA section 4062. Employers must use these rules to
determine the value of plan benefit liabilities in annual reports
required to be submitted under ERISA section 4010, and may use these
rules to ensure that plan spinoffs, mergers, and transfers comply with
Internal Revenue Code section 414(l).
General Valuation Approach
The valuation rules prescribe a number of assumptions intended to
produce reasonable valuation results on average for the range of plans
terminating in distress or involuntary terminations, rather than for
any particular plan or plan type. The assumptions prescribed by this
rule for valuing benefits in terminating plans match the private-sector
annuity market to the extent possible.
The market cost of providing annuity benefits is based upon data
from periodic surveys conducted for the PBGC by the American Council of
Life Insurers (the ACLI surveys). These ACLI surveys ask insurers for
pricing information on group annuities. Each respondent to the surveys
provides its prices (net of administrative expenses) for a range of
ages for immediate annuities (annuities where payments start
immediately) and for deferred annuities (annuities where payments are
deferred to age 65). Prices of each of the two types of annuities are
averaged at each age to get an average market price. Interest factors
are derived so that, when combined with the PBGC's healthy-life
mortality assumptions, they provide the best fit for the average market
prices (as obtained from the ACLI surveys) over the entire range of
ages. The interest factors are recalibrated to the annuity survey
prices each year. Each month between recalibrations, the interest
factors are adjusted based on changes in the yield on long-term
corporate investment-grade bonds. The interest factors are then used in
conjunction with the PBGC's mortality assumptions (and other PBGC
assumptions) to value annuity benefits.
These derived interest factors are not market interest rates. The
factors stand in for all the many components used in annuity pricing
that are not reflected in the given mortality table--e.g., assumed
yield on investment, margins for profit and contingencies, premium and
income taxes, and marketing and sales expenses. Because of the
relationship among annuity prices, a mortality table, and the derived
interest factors, it is never meaningful to compare PBGC's interest
factors to market interest rates. The PBGC's interest factors are
meaningful only in combination with the PBGC's mortality assumptions.
Mortality Assumptions
One set of assumptions prescribed by the valuation regulation
relates to the probabilities that a participant (or beneficiary) will
survive to each
[[Page 72206]]
expected benefit payment date, i.e., mortality assumptions. The
mortality assumptions now used to value benefits for non-disabled
(``healthy'') participants are taken from the 1983 Group Annuity
Mortality (GAM-83) Tables. The PBGC published a final rule adopting
these tables in 1993, noting in the preamble to the proposed rule, 58
FR 5128, 5129 (January 19, 1993), that many private-sector insurers
used the GAM-83 Tables when setting group annuity prices. The PBGC also
said (at 58 FR 5129) that it intended ``to keep each of its individual
valuation assumptions in line with those of private-sector insurers,
and to modify its mortality assumptions whenever it is necessary to do
so to achieve consistency with the private insurer assumptions.'' These
mortality assumptions have not been updated since 1993.
As noted, the ACLI periodically conducts surveys, on behalf of the
PBGC, of insurers who provide group annuity contracts for information
on how they price group annuities. In addition to other pricing
questions, the ACLI from time to time has asked for information on
which mortality tables the insurers use when pricing group annuities in
pension plans. A majority of respondents indicated that, as of March
31, 2002, they use a version of the 1994 Group Annuity Mortality Basic
(GAM-94 Basic) Table and project future improvements in mortality with
projection scale AA. Similarly, the Society of Actuaries sponsored a
survey of pricing actuaries for insurers who provide group annuity
contracts and found that five of the ten respondents used a version of
the GAM-94 Table and six of the ten used an unloaded (i.e., basic)
table. 30-Year Treasury Rates and Defined Benefit Plans, August 22,
2001, p.5. That survey also found that most of the surveyed companies
projected future improvements and that the most common projection scale
was AA.
Based on these surveys, this regulation adopts the GAM-94 Basic
Table as the basis for the healthy-life mortality assumptions to be
used for PBGC valuations of plan benefits. Specifically, for a
particular valuation, the regulation prescribes the use of the GAM-94
Basic Table projected to the year of that valuation plus 10 years using
Scale AA. The updated mortality assumptions will result in interest
factors that, when combined with those updated mortality assumptions,
will provide prices that match the ACLI survey prices more closely
across the entire range of ages than had GAM-83 been used.
The regulation prescribes a projected mortality table to take into
account expected improvements in mortality. While it would be ideal to
reflect mortality improvement through the use of a fully generational
mortality table (i.e., a table that provides for full generational
mortality improvement), this would be unduly complex.\1\ A fully
generational table is constructed from a group of static tables. For
example, the value of an annuity payable to a participant beginning at
age 65 in 2007 would be calculated from a 2007 static table for the
probability of death at age 65, a 2008 static table for the probability
of death at age 66, a 2009 static table for the probability of death at
age 67, etc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In response to the 1997 Notice of Intent to Propose
Rulemaking, one commenter asked for the adoption of a static table
rather than a generational table to avoid unnecessary complexity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
One method of approximating the effect of full generational
mortality improvement is to project the current table for a specified
number of years and use the resulting table without further projection.
The number of years of projection would be equal to the years to the
valuation date plus the duration of liabilities. This rule adopts this
approach. A mortality table that includes projection for the liability
duration takes into account expected mortality improvements and
achieves results very close to those of a fully generational table but
in a much less complex manner.
The regulation calls for the use of mortality tables projected to
the year of valuation plus 10 years as a rough approximation for the
duration of liabilities in plans that terminate in distress or
involuntary terminations. Thus, for a valuation in 2006, mortality is
projected to the year 2016 for each age. For a valuation in 2007,
mortality is projected to the year 2017. For example, the probability
of death for a 65-year-old healthy male to be used in a valuation in
2006 would be calculated as follows: .015629 x (1 -
.014) (2006 - 1994 + 10) = .011461. The PBGC will publish
the projected mortality tables on its Web site (www.pbgc.gov).
There is no reason to expect that the mortality tables under this
regulation will match the tables that are prescribed for certain
funding purposes under Treasury Regulations at any point in time. The
PBGC's mortality tables are based on the mortality experience of group
annuitants. In contrast, the tables to be used for certain minimum
funding purposes are based on the mortality experience of individuals
covered by pension plans.
Because of the way the PBGC's interest factors are determined, the
choice of mortality assumptions generally is expected to have no
significant effect on benefit valuations. The effect that a change in
mortality assumptions will have on valuations generally will be offset
by the effect of the corresponding change in the interest factors. For
example, the use of GAM-94 mortality assumptions will result in higher
interest factors than would the use of GAM-83 mortality assumptions
(because GAM-94 has lower mortality rates than GAM-83). When those
higher interest factors are combined with GAM-94, the resulting value
for a given benefit will generally be about the same as it would be
using GAM-83 along with the lower interest factors derived from the
ACLI survey prices using GAM-83. (For a more detailed explanation, see
the preambles to the PBGC's proposed rule published on January 19,
1993, at 58 FR 5128, and final rule published on September 28, 1993, at
58 FR 50812.)
In addition to the mortality assumptions for healthy individuals,
the current regulation provides two other sets of mortality
assumptions: (1) Those for participants who are disabled under a plan
provision requiring eligibility for Social Security disability benefits
(Social Security disabled participants), and (2) those for participants
who are disabled under a plan provision that does not require
eligibility for Social Security disability benefits (non-Social
Security disabled participants).
As with the mortality assumptions for healthy individuals, this
rule updates the mortality assumptions used for disabled participants.
For Social Security disabled participants, the regulation calls for the
use of the Mortality Tables for Disabilities Occurring in Plan Years
Beginning After December 31, 1994, from Rev. Rul. 96-7 (1996-1 C.B.
59). These tables were developed by the Internal Revenue Service as
required by the Retirement Protection Act of 1994 amendments relating
to the determination of current liability. For non-Social Security
disabled participants, the regulation calls for the use of the healthy
life tables projected from 1994 to the calendar year in which the
valuation date occurs plus 10 years using Scale AA and setting the
resulting table forward three years. In addition, in order to prevent
the rates at the older ages from exceeding the corresponding rates in
the proposed table for Social Security disabled participants, the
mortality rate for non-Social Security disabled participants is capped
at the corresponding rate for Social Security disabled participants.
[[Page 72207]]
For convenience, the PBGC will make all of these mortality tables (like
the healthy-life mortality tables) available on its Web site
(www.pbgc.gov).
The rule also makes a clarifying change to this regulation to
reflect the PBGC's practice of treating a participant as a disabled
participant (Social Security disabled and non-Social Security disabled,
whichever is applicable) if on the valuation date the participant is
under age 65 and has a benefit that was converted under the plan's
terms from a disability benefit to an early or normal retirement
benefit for any reason other than a change in the participant's health
status.
In addition, for clarity, paragraph 4044.52(d) is expressed more
simply and moved to paragraph 4044.53(g). That paragraph, which deals
with mortality when valuing deferred joint annuities, is being moved
from the subsection that deals generally with valuation to the
subsection that deals specifically with mortality.
Comments on Notice of Intent To Propose Rulemaking
In developing the proposed rule, the PBGC considered the comments
relating to its mortality assumptions that it received in response to
its notice of intent to propose rulemaking issued on March 19, 1997 (62
FR 12982). The proposed rule adopted a number of the suggestions made
by commenters. For instance, one commenter suggested that the
regulation should not call for the use of a reserving table (i.e., a
table that includes a built-in margin to provide a cushion for
reserving purposes). Another commenter asked for the adoption of a
static table rather than a generational table. This final rule adopts
basic (nonreserve) tables that approximate the effect of full
generational mortality improvements without the complexity of a fully
generational table.
Several commenters asked that the rule provide mortality
assumptions that vary depending on industry or workforce type or that
vary on a plan-specific basis. The proposed rule did not adopt either
of these approaches. As discussed above and in the proposed rule, the
mortality assumptions are selected with the goal of achieving
consistency with the mortality assumptions used by private-sector
insurers for pricing group annuity contracts. To this end, ACLI
respondents were asked to identify the mortality tables they used and
any variations to those tables. Neither the proposed GAM-94 Basic
Table, the most commonly identified table, nor any of the other tables
identified by the survey respondents provided mortality assumptions
that vary depending on industry or workforce type. Moreover, none of
the survey respondents reported that they make modifications or
adjustments based on industry or workforce type. As for the use of
plan-specific mortality assumptions, the general valuation approach is
to apply a common set of assumptions (e.g., mortality, expected
retirement age) to all plans with the goal of producing reasonable
results on average. Shifting to a plan-specific approach for mortality
would be a fundamental change that could require burdensome
verification procedures. Therefore, the PBGC proposed to continue to
use more general mortality assumptions that, like its other
assumptions, produce reasonable results on average. (No comments were
received on the proposed rule with respect to this issue.)
Comments on Proposed Rule
One comment letter on the proposed rule was received. The
commenter, an actuary in private practice, asserted that the GAM-94
Basic Table is not widely available and asked the PBGC to explain this
table more clearly and to publish the exact Qs (mortality rates). The
commenter also suggested that the PBGC should clarify why the proposed
rates tables for Social Security disabled lives, which differ from
other popular rates tables for disabled lives (for example, the RP-2000
disabled life mortality table), are appropriate.
The GAM-94 Basic Table is also known as the 1994 Uninsured
Pensioner Mortality Table (UP-94), which is widely available; for
example, it is included in the Society of Actuaries' mortality table
software, ``Table Manager.'' The GAM-94 Basic Table, with specific Qs
and the projection scale, was part of the proposed rule (and is
included in this final rule). In addition, as stated above and in the
proposed rule, the PBGC will publish the projected mortality tables on
its Web site (www.pbgc.gov).
The rule calls for the use of rates from the Mortality Tables for
Disabilities Occurring in Plan Years Beginning After December 31, 1994,
from Rev. Rul. 96-7 (1996-1 C.B. 59) for Social Security disabled
participants, because those rates were developed based on the Social
Security Administration's experience for individuals who are receiving
benefits under its program. These tables differ from certain other
popular tables (in particular, the RP-2000 table), which are based on a
population of all disabled lives, rather than the narrower population
of Social Security disabled lives.
Applicability
These amendments apply to any plan with a termination date on or
after January 1, 2006.
Other Changes to Valuation Regulation
The PBGC will continue to explore other ways to improve its benefit
valuation regulations and may make other changes through separate
rulemaking actions.
Compliance With Rulemaking Guidelines
The PBGC has determined, in consultation with the Office of
Management and Budget, that this rule is a ``significant regulatory
action'' under Executive Order 12866. The Office of Management and
Budget, therefore, has reviewed this rule under Executive Order 12866.
The PBGC certifies under section 605(b) of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act that this rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities. As explained earlier
in this preamble, the effect on a plan valuation of the change in the
PBGC's mortality assumptions will be offset by the effect on that
plan's valuation of the PBGC's use of higher interest factors. Because
of this offsetting effect, the PBGC does not expect this rule to have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of entities of any
size. Accordingly, sections 603 and 604 of the Regulatory Flexibility
Act do not apply.
This final rule contains no collection of information requirements
within the meaning of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
List of Subjects in 29 CFR Part 4044
Employee benefits plans, Pension insurance, Pensions.
0
For the reasons set forth above, the PBGC amends part 4044 of 29 CFR
chapter XL as follows:
PART 4044--ALLOCATION OF ASSETS IN SINGLE-EMPLOYER PLANS
0
1. The authority citation for part 4044 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 29 U.S.C. 1301(a), 1302(b)(3), 1341, 1344, and 1362.
0
2. Amend Sec. 4044.52 by adding the word ``and'' to the end of
paragraph (c), removing paragraph (d), and redesignating paragraph (e)
as paragraph (d).
0
3. Revise Sec. 4044.53 to read as follows:
[[Page 72208]]
4044.53 Mortality assumptions.
(a) General rule. Subject to paragraph (b) of this section
(regarding certain death benefits), the plan administrator shall use
the mortality factors prescribed in paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (f), and
(g) of this section to value benefits under Sec. 4044.52.
(b) Certain death benefits. If an annuity for one person is in pay
status on the valuation date, and if the payment of a death benefit
after the valuation date to another person, who need not be
identifiable on the valuation date, depends in whole or in part on the
death of the pay status annuitant, then the plan administrator shall
value the death benefit using--
(1) The mortality rates that are applicable to the annuity in pay
status under this section to represent the mortality of the pay status
annuitant; and
(2) The mortality rates under paragraph (c) of this section to
represent the mortality of the death beneficiary.
(c) Healthy lives. If the individual is not disabled under
paragraph (f) of this section, the plan administrator will value the
benefit using--
(1) For male participants, the rates in Table 1 of Appendix A to
this part projected from 1994 to the calendar year in which the
valuation date occurs plus 10 years using Scale AA from Table 2 of
Appendix A to this part; and
(2) For female participants, the rates in Table 3 of Appendix A to
this part projected from 1994 to the calendar year in which the
valuation date occurs plus 10 years using Scale AA from Table 4 of
Appendix A to this part.
(d) Social Security disabled lives. If the individual is Social
Security disabled under paragraph (f)(1) of this section, the plan
administrator will value the benefit using--
(1) For male participants, the rates in Table 5 of Appendix A to
this part; and
(2) For female participants, the rates in Table 6 of Appendix A to
this part.
(e) Non-Social Security disabled lives. If the individual is non-
Social Security disabled under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the
plan administrator will value the benefit at each age using--
(1) For male participants, the lesser of--
(i) The rate determined from Table 1 of Appendix A to this part
projected from 1994 to the calendar year in which the valuation date
occurs plus 10 years using Scale AA from Table 2 of Appendix A to this
part and setting the resulting table forward three years, or
(ii) The rate in Table 5 of Appendix A to this part.
(2) For female participants, the lesser of--
(i) The rate determined from Table 3 of Appendix A to this part
projected from 1994 to the calendar year in which the valuation date
occurs plus 10 years using Scale AA from Table 4 of Appendix A to this
part and setting the resulting table forward three years, or
(ii) The rate in Table 6 of Appendix A to this part.
(f) Definitions of disability.
(1) Social Security disabled. A participant is Social Security
disabled if, on the valuation date, the participant is less than age 65
and has a benefit in pay status that--
(i) Is being received as a disability benefit under a plan
provision requiring either receipt of or eligibility for Social
Security disability benefits, or
(ii) Was converted under the plan's terms from a disability benefit
under a plan provision requiring either receipt of or eligibility for
Social Security disability benefits to an early or normal retirement
benefit for any reason other than a change in the participant's health
status.
(2) Non-Social Security disabled. A participant is non-Social
Security disabled if, on the valuation date, the participant is less
than age 65, is not Social Security disabled, and has a benefit in pay
status that--
(i) Is being received as a disability benefit under the plan, or
(ii) Was converted under the plan's terms from a disability benefit
to an early or normal retirement benefit for any reason other than a
change in the participant's health status.
(g) Contingent annuitant mortality during deferral period. If a
participant's joint and survivor benefit is valued as a deferred
annuity, the mortality of the contingent annuitant during the deferral
period will be disregarded.
0
4. Revise Appendix A to part 4044 to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 4044--Mortality Rate Tables
The mortality tables in this appendix set forth that for each age x
the probability qX that an individual aged x (in 1994, when
using Table 1 or Table 3) will not survive to attain age x + 1. The
projection scales in this appendix set forth for each age x the annual
reduction AAX in the mortality rate at age x.
Table 1.--Mortality Table for Healthy Male Participants
[94 GAM basic]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age x qX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15......................................................... 0.000371
16......................................................... 0.000421
17......................................................... 0.000463
18......................................................... 0.000495
19......................................................... 0.000521
20......................................................... 0.000545
21......................................................... 0.000570
22......................................................... 0.000598
23......................................................... 0.000633
24......................................................... 0.000671
25......................................................... 0.000711
26......................................................... 0.000749
27......................................................... 0.000782
28......................................................... 0.000811
29......................................................... 0.000838
30......................................................... 0.000862
31......................................................... 0.000883
32......................................................... 0.000902
33......................................................... 0.000912
34......................................................... 0.000913
35......................................................... 0.000915
36......................................................... 0.000927
37......................................................... 0.000958
38......................................................... 0.001010
39......................................................... 0.001075
40......................................................... 0.001153
41......................................................... 0.001243
42......................................................... 0.001346
43......................................................... 0.001454
44......................................................... 0.001568
45......................................................... 0.001697
46......................................................... 0.001852
47......................................................... 0.002042
48......................................................... 0.002260
49......................................................... 0.002501
50......................................................... 0.002773
51......................................................... 0.003088
52......................................................... 0.003455
53......................................................... 0.003854
54......................................................... 0.004278
55......................................................... 0.004758
56......................................................... 0.005322
57......................................................... 0.006001
58......................................................... 0.006774
59......................................................... 0.007623
60......................................................... 0.008576
61......................................................... 0.009663
62......................................................... 0.010911
63......................................................... 0.012335
64......................................................... 0.013914
65......................................................... 0.015629
66......................................................... 0.017462
67......................................................... 0.019391
68......................................................... 0.021354
69......................................................... 0.023364
70......................................................... 0.025516
71......................................................... 0.027905
72......................................................... 0.030625
73......................................................... 0.033549
74......................................................... 0.036614
75......................................................... 0.040012
76......................................................... 0.043933
77......................................................... 0.048570
78......................................................... 0.053991
79......................................................... 0.060066
80......................................................... 0.066696
81......................................................... 0.073780
82......................................................... 0.081217
83......................................................... 0.088721
84......................................................... 0.096358
[[Page 72209]]
85......................................................... 0.104559
86......................................................... 0.113755
87......................................................... 0.124377
88......................................................... 0.136537
89......................................................... 0.149949
90......................................................... 0.164442
91......................................................... 0.179849
92......................................................... 0.196001
93......................................................... 0.213325
94......................................................... 0.231936
95......................................................... 0.251189
96......................................................... 0.270441
97......................................................... 0.289048
98......................................................... 0.306750
99......................................................... 0.323976
100........................................................ 0.341116
101........................................................ 0.358560
102........................................................ 0.376699
103........................................................ 0.396884
104........................................................ 0.418855
105........................................................ 0.440585
106........................................................ 0.460043
107........................................................ 0.475200
108........................................................ 0.485670
109........................................................ 0.492807
110........................................................ 0.497189
111........................................................ 0.499394
112........................................................ 0.500000
113........................................................ 0.500000
114........................................................ 0.500000
115........................................................ 0.500000
116........................................................ 0.500000
117........................................................ 0.500000
118........................................................ 0.500000
119........................................................ 0.500000
120........................................................ 1.000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2.--Projection Scale AA for Healthy Male Participants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age x AAX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15............................................................ 0.019
16............................................................ 0.019
17............................................................ 0.019
18............................................................ 0.019
19............................................................ 0.019
20............................................................ 0.019
21............................................................ 0.018
22............................................................ 0.017
23............................................................ 0.015
24............................................................ 0.013
25............................................................ 0.010
26............................................................ 0.006
27............................................................ 0.005
28............................................................ 0.005
29............................................................ 0.005
30............................................................ 0.005
31............................................................ 0.005
32............................................................ 0.005
33............................................................ 0.005
34............................................................ 0.005
35............................................................ 0.005
36............................................................ 0.005
37............................................................ 0.005
38............................................................ 0.006
39............................................................ 0.007
40............................................................ 0.008
41............................................................ 0.009
42............................................................ 0.010
43............................................................ 0.011
44............................................................ 0.012
45............................................................ 0.013
46............................................................ 0.014
47............................................................ 0.015
48............................................................ 0.016
49............................................................ 0.017
50............................................................ 0.018
51............................................................ 0.019
52............................................................ 0.020
53............................................................ 0.020
54............................................................ 0.020
55............................................................ 0.019
56............................................................ 0.018
57............................................................ 0.017
58............................................................ 0.016
59............................................................ 0.016
60............................................................ 0.016
61............................................................ 0.015
62............................................................ 0.015
63............................................................ 0.014
64............................................................ 0.014
65............................................................ 0.014
66............................................................ 0.013
67............................................................ 0.013
68............................................................ 0.014
69............................................................ 0.014
70............................................................ 0.015
71............................................................ 0.015
72............................................................ 0.015
73............................................................ 0.015
74............................................................ 0.015
75............................................................ 0.014
76............................................................ 0.014
77............................................................ 0.013
78............................................................ 0.012
79............................................................ 0.011
80............................................................ 0.010
81............................................................ 0.009
82............................................................ 0.008
83............................................................ 0.008
84............................................................ 0.007
85............................................................ 0.007
86............................................................ 0.007
87............................................................ 0.006
88............................................................ 0.005
89............................................................ 0.005
90............................................................ 0.004
91............................................................ 0.004
92............................................................ 0.003
93............................................................ 0.003
94............................................................ 0.003
95............................................................ 0.002
96............................................................ 0.002
97............................................................ 0.002
98............................................................ 0.001
99............................................................ 0.001
100........................................................... 0.001
101........................................................... 0.000
102........................................................... 0.000
103........................................................... 0.000
104........................................................... 0.000
105........................................................... 0.000
106........................................................... 0.000
107........................................................... 0.000
108........................................................... 0.000
109........................................................... 0.000
110........................................................... 0.000
111........................................................... 0.000
112........................................................... 0.000
113........................................................... 0.000
114........................................................... 0.000
115........................................................... 0.000
116........................................................... 0.000
117........................................................... 0.000
118........................................................... 0.000
119........................................................... 0.000
120........................................................... 0.000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Mortality Table for Healthy Female Participants
[94 GAM Basic]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age x qX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15......................................................... 0.000233
16......................................................... 0.000261
17......................................................... 0.000281
18......................................................... 0.000293
19......................................................... 0.000301
20......................................................... 0.000305
21......................................................... 0.000308
22......................................................... 0.000311
23......................................................... 0.000313
24......................................................... 0.000313
25......................................................... 0.000313
26......................................................... 0.000316
27......................................................... 0.000324
28......................................................... 0.000338
29......................................................... 0.000356
30......................................................... 0.000377
31......................................................... 0.000401
32......................................................... 0.000427
33......................................................... 0.000454
34......................................................... 0.000482
35......................................................... 0.000514
36......................................................... 0.000550
37......................................................... 0.000593
38......................................................... 0.000643
39......................................................... 0.000701
40......................................................... 0.000763
41......................................................... 0.000826
42......................................................... 0.000888
43......................................................... 0.000943
44......................................................... 0.000992
45......................................................... 0.001046
46......................................................... 0.001111
47......................................................... 0.001196
48......................................................... 0.001297
49......................................................... 0.001408
50......................................................... 0.001536
51......................................................... 0.001686
52......................................................... 0.001864
53......................................................... 0.002051
54......................................................... 0.002241
55......................................................... 0.002466
56......................................................... 0.002755
57......................................................... 0.003139
58......................................................... 0.003612
59......................................................... 0.004154
60......................................................... 0.004773
61......................................................... 0.005476
62......................................................... 0.006271
63......................................................... 0.007179
64......................................................... 0.008194
[[Page 72210]]
65......................................................... 0.009286
66......................................................... 0.010423
67......................................................... 0.011574
68......................................................... 0.012648
69......................................................... 0.013665
70......................................................... 0.014763
71......................................................... 0.016079
72......................................................... 0.017748
73......................................................... 0.019724
74......................................................... 0.021915
75......................................................... 0.024393
76......................................................... 0.027231
77......................................................... 0.030501
78......................................................... 0.034115
79......................................................... 0.038024
80......................................................... 0.042361
81......................................................... 0.047260
82......................................................... 0.052853
83......................................................... 0.058986
84......................................................... 0.065569
85......................................................... 0.072836
86......................................................... 0.081018
87......................................................... 0.090348
88......................................................... 0.100882
89......................................................... 0.112467
90......................................................... 0.125016
91......................................................... 0.138442
92......................................................... 0.152660
93......................................................... 0.167668
94......................................................... 0.183524
95......................................................... 0.200229
96......................................................... 0.217783
97......................................................... 0.236188
98......................................................... 0.255605
99......................................................... 0.276035
100........................................................ 0.297233
101........................................................ 0.318956
102........................................................ 0.340960
103........................................................ 0.364586
104........................................................ 0.389996
105........................................................ 0.415180
106........................................................ 0.438126
107........................................................ 0.456824
108........................................................ 0.471493
109........................................................ 0.483473
110........................................................ 0.492436
111........................................................ 0.498054
112........................................................ 0.500000
113........................................................ 0.500000
114........................................................ 0.500000
115........................................................ 0.500000
116........................................................ 0.500000
117........................................................ 0.500000
118........................................................ 0.500000
119........................................................ 0.500000
120........................................................ 1.000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4.--Projection Scale AA for Healthy Female Participants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age x AAX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15............................................................ 0.016
16............................................................ 0.015
17............................................................ 0.014
18............................................................ 0.014
19............................................................ 0.015
20............................................................ 0.016
21............................................................ 0.017
22............................................................ 0.017
23............................................................ 0.016
24............................................................ 0.015
25............................................................ 0.014
26............................................................ 0.012
27............................................................ 0.012
28............................................................ 0.012
29............................................................ 0.012
30............................................................ 0.010
31............................................................ 0.008
32............................................................ 0.008
33............................................................ 0.009
34............................................................ 0.010
35............................................................ 0.011
36............................................................ 0.012
37............................................................ 0.013
38............................................................ 0.014
39............................................................ 0.015
40............................................................ 0.015
41............................................................ 0.015
42............................................................ 0.015
43............................................................ 0.015
44............................................................ 0.015
45............................................................ 0.016
46............................................................ 0.017
47............................................................ 0.018
48............................................................ 0.018
49............................................................ 0.018
50............................................................ 0.017
51............................................................ 0.016
52............................................................ 0.014
53............................................................ 0.012
54............................................................ 0.010
55............................................................ 0.008
56............................................................ 0.006
57............................................................ 0.005
58............................................................ 0.005
59............................................................ 0.005
60............................................................ 0.005
61............................................................ 0.005
62............................................................ 0.005
63............................................................ 0.005
64............................................................ 0.005
65............................................................ 0.005
66............................................................ 0.005
67............................................................ 0.005
68............................................................ 0.005
69............................................................ 0.005
70............................................................ 0.005
71............................................................ 0.006
72............................................................ 0.006
73............................................................ 0.007
74............................................................ 0.007
75............................................................ 0.008
76............................................................ 0.008
77............................................................ 0.007
78............................................................ 0.007
79............................................................ 0.007
80............................................................ 0.007
81............................................................ 0.007
82............................................................ 0.007
83............................................................ 0.007
84............................................................ 0.007
85............................................................ 0.006
86............................................................ 0.005
87............................................................ 0.004
88............................................................ 0.004
89............................................................ 0.003
90............................................................ 0.003
91............................................................ 0.003
92............................................................ 0.003
93............................................................ 0.002
94............................................................ 0.002
95............................................................ 0.002
96............................................................ 0.002
97............................................................ 0.001
98............................................................ 0.001
99............................................................ 0.001
100........................................................... 0.001
101........................................................... 0.000
102........................................................... 0.000
103........................................................... 0.000
104........................................................... 0.000
105........................................................... 0.000
106........................................................... 0.000
107........................................................... 0.000
108........................................................... 0.000
109........................................................... 0.000
110........................................................... 0.000
111........................................................... 0.000
112........................................................... 0.000
113........................................................... 0.000
114........................................................... 0.000
115........................................................... 0.000
116........................................................... 0.000
117........................................................... 0.000
118........................................................... 0.000
119........................................................... 0.000
120........................................................... 0.000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5.--Mortality Table for Social Security Disabled Male Participants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age x qX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15......................................................... 0.022010
16......................................................... 0.022502
17......................................................... 0.023001
18......................................................... 0.023519
19......................................................... 0.024045
20......................................................... 0.024583
21......................................................... 0.025133
22......................................................... 0.025697
23......................................................... 0.026269
24......................................................... 0.026857
25......................................................... 0.027457
26......................................................... 0.028071
27......................................................... 0.028704
28......................................................... 0.029345
29......................................................... 0.029999
30......................................................... 0.030661
31......................................................... 0.031331
32......................................................... 0.032006
33......................................................... 0.032689
34......................................................... 0.033405
35......................................................... 0.034184
36......................................................... 0.034981
37......................................................... 0.035796
38......................................................... 0.036634
39......................................................... 0.037493
40......................................................... 0.038373
41......................................................... 0.039272
42......................................................... 0.040189
43......................................................... 0.041122
44......................................................... 0.042071
[[Page 72211]]
45......................................................... 0.043033
46......................................................... 0.044007
47......................................................... 0.044993
48......................................................... 0.045989
49......................................................... 0.046993
50......................................................... 0.048004
51......................................................... 0.049021
52......................................................... 0.050042
53......................................................... 0.051067
54......................................................... 0.052093
55......................................................... 0.053120
56......................................................... 0.054144
57......................................................... 0.055089
58......................................................... 0.056068
59......................................................... 0.057080
60......................................................... 0.058118
61......................................................... 0.059172
62......................................................... 0.060232
63......................................................... 0.061303
64......................................................... 0.062429
65......................................................... 0.063669
66......................................................... 0.065082
67......................................................... 0.066724
68......................................................... 0.068642
69......................................................... 0.070834
70......................................................... 0.073284
71......................................................... 0.075979
72......................................................... 0.078903
73......................................................... 0.082070
74......................................................... 0.085606
75......................................................... 0.088918
76......................................................... 0.092208
77......................................................... 0.095625
78......................................................... 0.099216
79......................................................... 0.103030
80......................................................... 0.107113
81......................................................... 0.111515
82......................................................... 0.116283
83......................................................... 0.121464
84......................................................... 0.127108
85......................................................... 0.133262
86......................................................... 0.139974
87......................................................... 0.147292
88......................................................... 0.155265
89......................................................... 0.163939
90......................................................... 0.173363
91......................................................... 0.183585
92......................................................... 0.194653
93......................................................... 0.206615
94......................................................... 0.219519
95......................................................... 0.234086
96......................................................... 0.248436
97......................................................... 0.263954
98......................................................... 0.280803
99......................................................... 0.299154
100........................................................ 0.319185
101........................................................ 0.341086
102........................................................ 0.365052
103........................................................ 0.393102
104........................................................ 0.427255
105........................................................ 0.469531
106........................................................ 0.521945
107........................................................ 0.586518
108........................................................ 0.665268
109........................................................ 0.760215
110........................................................ 1.000000