Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney PW2000 Series Turbofan Engines, 52001-52004 [05-17318]
Download as PDF
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 169 / Thursday, September 1, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
52001
Actions
Compliance
Procedures
(2) For Models SR20, serial numbers 1005 through 1455,
and SR22, serial numbers 0002 through 1044, do the following actions:
(i) Identify whether the recline lock is secured with two
bolts or three bolts.
(ii) If the recline locks are secured with two bolts, remove the existing recline locks and replace with the
new recline locks kit, kit number 70084–001.
(iii) If the recline locks are secured with three bolts, remove existing recline locks and replace with the new
recline locks kit, kit number 70084–002.
(iv) Check break-over pin alignment and adjust as necessary.
(v) Check that the locks engage with the break-over
bolts with the seat in the full recline position. If full
seat recline is not possible or difficult to engage,
grinding of the lower aft seat frame is necessary.
(vi) Repeat the above actions for the opposite crew seat
Within 50 hours TIS or within 180 days,
whichever occurs first after October
13, 2005 (the effect9ve date of this
AD).
Follow Cirrus Design Corporation Service Bulletin SB 2X–25–06 R4, revised
May 5, 2005.
May I Request an Alternative Method of
Compliance?
(f) You may request a different method of
compliance or a different compliance time
for this AD by following the procedures in 14
CFR 39.19. Unless FAA authorizes otherwise,
send your request to your principal
inspector. The principal inspector may add
comments and will send your request to the
Manager, Chicago Aircraft Certification
Office, FAA. For information on any already
approved alternative methods of compliance,
please contact one of the following:
(1) Wess Rouse, Small Airplane Project
Manager, ACE–117C; Chicago Aircraft
Certification Office, 2300 East Devon
Avenue, Roon 107, Des Plaines, Illinois
60018; telephone: (847) 294–8113; facsimile:
(847) 294–7834; e-mail:
Wess.Rouse@Faa.gov; or
(2) Angie Kostopoulos, Aerospace
Engineer, ACE–116C, Chicago Aircraft
Certification Office, 2300 East Devon
Avenue, Room 107, Des Plaines, Illinois
60018; telephone: (847) 294–7426; facsimile:
(847) 294–7834; e-mail:
Evangelia.Kostopoulos@Faa.gov.
Does This AD Incorporate Any Material by
Reference?
(g) You must do the actions required by
this AD following the instructions in Cirrus
Design Corporation Alert Service Bulletin SB
A2X–25–08, dated June 22, 2004; and Service
Bulletin SB 2X–25–06 R4, revised May 5,
2005. The Director of the Federal Register
approved the incorporation by reference of
these service bulletins in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To get a
copy of this service information, contact
Cirrus Design Corporation, 4515 Taylor
Circle, Duluth, Minnesota 55811; telephone:
(218) 727–2737; Internet address: https://
www.cirrusdesign.com. To review copies of
this service information, go to the National
Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the availability
of this material at NARA, go to: https://
www.archives.gov/federal_register/
code_of_federal_regulations/
ibr_locations.html or call (202) 741–6030. To
view the AD docket, go to the Docket
Management Facility; U.S. Department of
VerDate Aug<18>2005
14:19 Aug 31, 2005
Jkt 205001
Transportation, 400 Seventh Street, SW.,
Nassif Building, Room PL–401, Washington,
DC 20590–001 or on the Internet at https://
dms.dot.gov. The docket number is FAA–
2004–19694; Directorate Identifier 2004–CE–
41–AD.
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on August
19, 2005.
Terry L. Chasteen,
Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 05–16980 Filed 8–31–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
events involving uncontained failures of
critical rotating engine parts that
indicates the need for mandatory
inspections. The mandatory inspections
are needed to identify those critical
rotating parts with conditions, which if
allowed to continue in service, could
result in uncontained failures. We are
issuing this AD to prevent critical lifelimited rotating engine part failure,
which could result in an uncontained
engine failure and damage to the
airplane.
This AD becomes effective
February 28, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
docket at the FAA, New England
Region, Office of the Regional Counsel,
12 New England Executive Park,
Burlington, MA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mark Riley, Aerospace Engineer, Engine
Certification Office, FAA, Engine and
Propeller Directorate, 12 New England
Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803–
5299; telephone (781) 238–7758, fax
(781) 238–7199.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA
proposed to amend 14 CFR part 39 with
a proposed airworthiness directive (AD).
The proposed AD applies to PW
PW2000 series turbofan engines. We
published the proposed AD in the
Federal Register on August 18, 2004 (69
FR 51198). That action proposed to
require modifying the TLS of the
manufacturer’s manual and an air
carrier’s approved continuous
airworthiness maintenance program to
incorporate the additional inspection
requirements.
DATES:
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. 98–ANE–61–AD; Amendment
39–14243; AD 2005–18–03]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Pratt &
Whitney PW2000 Series Turbofan
Engines
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The FAA is superseding an
existing airworthiness directive (AD) for
Pratt & Whitney (PW) PW2000 series
turbofan engines. That AD currently
requires revisions to the engine
manufacturer’s time limits section (TLS)
to include enhanced inspection of
selected critical life-limited parts at
each piece-part opportunity. This AD
requires modifying the airworthiness
limitations section of the manufacturer’s
manual and an air carrier’s approved
continuous airworthiness maintenance
program to incorporate additional
inspection requirements. This AD
results from an FAA study of in-service
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Frm 00003
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD Docket
(including any comments and service
information), by appointment, between
8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through
E:\FR\FM\01SER1.SGM
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52002
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 169 / Thursday, September 1, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
Concern About Increased Inventory
Levels for Parts Not Reflected in the
Cost Estimate
Friday, except Federal holidays. See
ADDRESSES for the location.
Comments
We provided the public the
opportunity to participate in the
development of this AD. We have
considered the comments received.
Request To Increase the Costs of
Compliance
Several commenters express concern
about the capital investment required to
eddy-current inspect the bolt holes of
the HPT stage 2 hub. They suggest the
NPRM fails to recognize the substantial
up-front investment to get the
equipment needed for the eddy current
inspection. In addition, one commenter
states we should increase the Costs of
Compliance because the complex
inspections will require several fulltime, specially trained operators. We
don’t agree. The AD doesn’t require air
carriers to invest in tooling and
equipment or hire more personnel to
comply with the proposed AD. The AD
requires adding the new eddy current
inspection to the TLS of the engine
manufacturer’s manual, and to the air
carriers’ approved maintenance
manuals. Operators can choose to buy
equipment to perform the inspection, or
they may send the disk to an approved
service provider.
Request for an Annual Cost for the
Recurring Inspections
One commenter states that the NPRM
implies a onetime cost for the
inspection, but that it is actually a
recurring cost. We don’t agree. The
Costs of Compliance section of the
NPRM states the estimated cost for each
inspection on each engine. We used the
current shop visit rate for the PW2000
engine to calculate the recurring cost for
each engine on a yearly basis. The air
carriers can use their own specific costs
for their individual PW2000 fleet to
calculate their inspection cost.
Question About the Actual Cost for the
Inspection
One commenter states that the actual
costs for the inspections are
significantly different from the costs we
specified in the NPRM. We don’t agree.
We based our cost estimate on actual
inspection times provided by the engine
manufacturer. We understand that cost
estimates can vary depending on the
service provider. However, we consider
basing our estimate on inspection times
provided by the engine manufacturer to
be the most accurate approach to
estimating the cost to comply with the
AD.
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14:19 Aug 31, 2005
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One commenter suggests that quoted
turnaround time for the inspection will
make air carriers increase inventory
levels for the affected parts. The
commenter also feels the cost estimate
doesn’t reflect the cost of the increased
inventory. We don’t agree. The
proposed AD requires adding the new
eddy current inspection for the bolt
holes in the HPT stage 2 hub to the TLS
of the engine manufacturer’s manual,
and to the air carrier’s approved
maintenance manuals. The AD doesn’t
require air carriers to increase spare
parts inventory levels or specify the
logistics of performing the inspections.
Requests To Allow Operators To Use
Equivalent Equipment To Perform the
Inspections
Two commenters ask that we allow
them to use equipment that is
equivalent to the inspection equipment
specified by the engine manufacturer.
The commenters ask us to allow them
to use equipment they already use for
other mandated inspections. The
commenters suggest that using the
single-source equipment specified by
the manufacturer will cause an undue
burden. We don’t agree. We don’t intend
that this proposed AD specify only one
method, or limit the inspection to one
method of inspection. This AD requires
the operators to revise the ALS to
include a mandatory opportunistic
inspection. The engine manufacturer
developed a validated inspection
procedure using specific tooling and
equipment that provides an acceptable
inspection technique. However,
operators may still seek approval from
the manufacturer to use alternative tools
or methods of inspections other than
those specified in the engine manual.
Providing flexibility for the engine
manufacturers to revise their engine
manuals as they fine-tuned their
inspection methods and developed
alternatives is part of the outcome of
working with the Air Transportation
Association, operators, and
manufacturers.
Request To Extend the Compliance
Time of the Final Rule
Two commenters ask that we extend
the compliance of the AD to allow an
additional six to eight months to
procure the eddy current inspection
equipment and train personnel. We
agree. We changed the effective date
from 30 days after publication in the
Federal Register to 180 days after
publication in the Federal Register.
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Frm 00004
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Request To Provide Special Eddy
Current Inspection Instructions
Two commenters ask that we provide
clear instructions regarding special
handling of the parts and the
complexity and sensitivity of the eddy
current inspection equipment. We
partially agree. We agree that eddy
current inspections of aircraft engine
parts require special inspection
procedures to perform the inspections.
However, this AD only requires the
operators add eddy current inspection
of the bolt holes of HPT stage 2 hub bolt
holes to the ALS of the manufacturer’s
engine manual as a mandatory
inspection. The engine manufacturer
and the suppliers of the eddy current
inspection equipment will provide the
special procedures and requirements for
the actual inspections.
Removed PW2240 Series and PW2337
Series Engine Models From the
Applicability
On January 6, 2005, we removed PW
engine models PW2240 and PW2337
from the type certificate data sheet for
the PW2000 series engine type
certificate. We removed reference to
them from paragraph (c) of this AD.
Corrected a Typographical Error
One commenter found a
typographical error in paragraph
(f)(1)(b). We specified inspection 72–52–
00. The inspection should be 72–52–16.
We corrected paragraph (f)(1)(b) in the
final rule.
Conclusion
We have carefully reviewed the
available data, including the comments
received, and determined that air safety
and the public interest require adopting
the AD with the changes described
previously. We have determined that
these changes will neither increase the
economic burden on any operator nor
increase the scope of the AD.
Costs of Compliance
There are about 938 Pratt & Whitney
PW2000 series turbofan engines of the
affected design in the worldwide fleet.
We estimate that this AD will affect 777
engines installed on airplanes of U.S.
registry. We also estimate that it will
take about 4 work hours per engine to
perform the inspections, and that the
average labor rate is $65 per work hour.
Since this is an added inspection
requirement, included as part of the
normal maintenance cycle, no
additional part costs are involved. Based
on these figures, we estimate the total
additional cost per engine per shop visit
to be $260. Based on the current
PW2000 engine shop visit rate, we
E:\FR\FM\01SER1.SGM
01SER1
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 169 / Thursday, September 1, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
estimate the total additional cost for the
PW2000 fleet to be $80,860 per year.
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code
specifies the FAA’s authority to issue
rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I,
section 106, describes the authority of
the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII,
Aviation Programs, describes in more
detail the scope of the Agency’s
authority.
We are issuing this rulemaking under
the authority described in subtitle VII,
part A, subpart III, section 44701,
‘‘General requirements.’’ Under that
section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in
air commerce by prescribing regulations
for practices, methods, and procedures
the Administrator finds necessary for
safety in air commerce. This regulation
is within the scope of that authority
because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on
products identified in this rulemaking
action.
Regulatory Findings
We have determined that this AD will
not have federalism implications under
Executive Order 13132. This AD will
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I
certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under Executive Order 12866;
Nomenclature
Part No.
Hub, LPC Assembly ........................
Disk, HPT 1st Stage .......................
Hub, HPT 2nd Stage .......................
(2) Is not a ‘‘significant rule’’ under
DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
(44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979); and
(3) Will not have a significant
economic impact, positive or negative,
on a substantial number of small entities
under the criteria of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act.
We prepared a summary of the costs
to comply with this AD and placed it in
the AD Docket. You may get a copy of
this summary by sending a request to us
at the address listed under ADDRESSES.
Include ‘‘AD Docket No. 98–ANE–61–
AD’’ in your request.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation
safety, Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
Accordingly, under the authority
delegated to me by the Administrator,
the Federal Aviation Administration
amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
I
PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS
DIRECTIVES
1. The authority citation for part 39
continues to read as follows:
I
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
§ 39.13
2005–18–03 Pratt & Whitney: Amendment
39–14243. Docket No. 98–ANE–61–AD.
EM Manual
section
ALL ......
ALL .......
ALL ......
Hub, HPC Front ..............................
Disk, HPC Drum Rotor Assembly
(7–15).
Disk, HPC Drum Rotor Assembly
(16–17).
Disk, HPC 16th Stage .....................
Disk, HPC 17th Stage .....................
HPC Turbine Drive Shaft Assembly
LPC Drive Turbine Shaft .................
Hub, Turbine Rear ..........................
Disk, LPT 3rd Stage ........................
Disk, LPT 4th Stage ........................
Disk, LPT 5th Stage ........................
Disk, LPT 6th Stage ........................
Disk, LPT 7th Stage ........................
VerDate Aug<18>2005
14:43 Aug 31, 2005
[Amended]
2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by
removing Amendment 39–12778, (67 FR
40143, June 4, 2002) and by adding a
new airworthiness directive,
Amendment 39–14243, to read as
follows:
I
Effective Date
(a) This AD becomes effective February 28,
2006.
Affected ADs
(b) This AD supersedes AD 2002–12–06.
Applicability
(c) This AD applies to Pratt & Whitney
(PW) PW2037, PW2040, PW2043, PW2143,
PW2643, PW2037D, PW2037M, and
PW2040D series turbofan engines. These
engines are installed on, but not limited to
Boeing 757 series and Ilyushin IL–96T series
airplanes.
Unsafe Condition
(d) This AD results from the need to
require enhanced inspection of selected
critical life-limited parts of PW PW2000
series turbofan engines. We are issuing this
AD to prevent critical life-limited rotating
engine part failure, which could result in an
uncontained engine failure and damage to
the airplane.
Compliance
(e) You are responsible for having the
actions required by this AD performed within
the compliance times specified unless the
actions have already been done.
(f) Within 30 days after the effective date
of this AD, revise the manufacturer’s Time
Limits section (TLS) of the manufacturer’s
engine manual, as appropriate for PW
PW2037, PW2040, PW2043, PW2143,
PW2643, PW2037D, PW2037M, and
PW2040D series turbofan engines, and for air
carriers revise the approved continuous
airworthiness maintenance program, by
adding the following:
‘‘MANDATORY INSPECTIONS
(1) Perform inspections of the following
parts at each piece-part opportunity in
accordance with the instructions provided in
PW2000 Engine Manuals 1A6231 and
1B2412:
Inspection/check
Subtask
ALL .......
ALL .......
72–35–02
72–35–03
–06.
FPI entire disk per 72–52–00, Inspection/Check–02 ..
(a) FPI entire hub per 72–52–00, Inspection/Check–
02.
(b) Eddy-current inspect hub bolt holes per 72–52–
16, Inspection/Check–05.
–05.
–04.
ALL ......
72–35–10
–05.
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
72–35–06
72–35–07
72–35–08
72–32–01
72–53–81
72–53–31
72–53–41
72–53–51
72–53–61
72–53–71
–04.
–04.
–05.
–06.
–06.
–01.
–01.
–01.
–01.
–01.
Jkt 205001
......
......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
PO 00000
72–31–04
72–52–02
72–52–16
Frm 00005
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
52003
E:\FR\FM\01SER1.SGM
01SER1
72–52–02–230–007
72–52–16–230–007
72–52–16–200–005
52004
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 169 / Thursday, September 1, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
(2) For the purposes of these mandatory
inspections, piece-part opportunity means:
(i) The part is considered completely
disassembled when done in accordance with
the disassembly instructions in the
manufacturer’s engine manual to either part
number level listed in the table above, and
(ii) The part has accumulated more than
100 cycles in service since the last piece-part
opportunity inspection, provided that the
part was not damaged or related to the cause
for its removal from the engine.’’
Alternative Methods of Compliance
(g) You must perform these mandatory
inspections using the TLS and the applicable
Engine Manual unless you receive approval
to use an alternative method of compliance
under paragraph (h) of this AD. Section 43.16
of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR
43.16) may not be used to approve alternative
methods of compliance or adjustments to the
times in which these inspections must be
performed.
(h) The Manager, Engine Certification
Office, has the authority to approve
alternative methods of compliance for this
AD if requested using the procedures found
in 14 CFR 39.19.
Maintaining Records of the Mandatory
Inspections
(i) You have met the requirements of this
AD by using a TLS of the manufacturer’s
engine manual changed as specified in
paragraph (f) of this AD, and, for air carriers
operating under part 121 of the Federal
Aviation Regulations (14 CFR part 121), by
modifying your continuous airworthiness
maintenance plan to reflect those changes.
You must maintain records of the mandatory
inspections that result from those changes to
the TLS according to the regulations
governing your operation. You do not need
to record each piece-part inspection as
compliance to this AD. For air carriers
operating under part 121, you may use either
the system established to comply with
section 121.369 or use an alternative system
that your principal maintenance inspector
has accepted if that alternative system:
(1) Includes a method for preserving and
retrieving the records of the inspections
resulting from this AD; and
(2) Meets the requirements of section
121.369(c); and
(3) Maintains the records either
indefinitely or until the work is repeated.
(j) These record keeping requirements
apply only to the records used to document
the mandatory inspections required as a
result of revising the TLS as specified in
paragraph (f) of this AD, and do not alter or
amend the record keeping requirements for
any other AD or regulatory requirement.
Related Information
(k) None.
Issued in Burlington, Massachusetts, on
August 24, 2005.
Jay J. Pardee,
Manager, Engine and Propeller Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 05–17318 Filed 8–31–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
VerDate Aug<18>2005
14:19 Aug 31, 2005
Jkt 205001
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. 98–ANE–43–AD; Amendment
39–14242; AD 2005–18–02]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Pratt &
Whitney JT8D–209, –217, –217A,
–217C, and –219 Turbofan Engines
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The FAA is superseding an
existing airworthiness directive (AD) for
Pratt & Whitney (PW) JT8D–209, –217,
–217A, –217C, and –219 turbofan
engines. That AD currently requires
revisions to the engine manufacturer’s
time limits section (TLS) to include
enhanced inspection of selected critical
life-limited parts at each piece-part
opportunity. This AD requires
modifying the airworthiness limitations
section of the manufacturer’s manual
and an air carrier’s approved continuous
airworthiness maintenance program to
incorporate additional inspection
requirements. An FAA study of inservice events involving uncontained
failures of critical rotating engine parts
has indicated the need for mandatory
inspections. The mandatory inspections
are needed to identify those critical
rotating parts with conditions, which if
allowed to continue in service, could
result in uncontained failures. We are
issuing this AD to prevent critical lifelimited rotating engine part failure,
which could result in an uncontained
engine failure and damage to the
airplane.
This AD becomes effective
February 28, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
docket at the FAA, New England
Region, Office of the Regional Counsel,
12 New England Executive Park,
Burlington, MA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Keith Lardie, Aerospace Engineer,
Engine Certification Office, FAA, Engine
and Propeller Directorate, 12 New
England Executive Park, Burlington, MA
01803–5299; telephone (781) 238–7189,
fax (781) 238–7199.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA
proposed to amend 14 CFR part 39 with
a proposed AD. The proposed AD
applies to PW JT8D–209, –217, –217A,
–217C, and –219 turbofan engines. We
published the proposed AD in the
DATES:
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Federal Register on August 18, 2004 (69
FR 51196). That action proposed to
require modifying the time limitations
section of the manufacturer’s manual
and an air carrier’s approved continuous
airworthiness maintenance program to
incorporate additional inspection
requirements.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD Docket
(including any comments and service
information), by appointment, between
8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays. See
ADDRESSES for the location.
Comments
We provided the public the
opportunity to participate in the
development of this AD. We have
considered the comments received.
Request To Increase the Costs of
Compliance
Two commenters ask us to reconsider
the necessary equipment and cost to do
the automated eddy current inspections
and to revise the Costs of Compliance to
include the necessary tooling. The
commenters suggest the notice of
proposed rulemaking (NPRM) fails to
recognize the large investment to get the
equipment needed for the eddy current
inspection. We don’t agree. The AD
doesn’t require air carriers to invest in
tooling and equipment or hire more
personnel to comply with the proposed
AD. The AD requires adding the new
eddy current inspection to the TLS of
the engine manufacturer’s manual, and
to the air carriers’ approved
maintenance manuals. Operators can
choose to buy equipment to perform the
inspection, or they may send the disk to
an approved service provider.
Request for an Annual Cost for the
Recurring Inspections
One commenter states the NPRM
implies a onetime cost for the
inspection, but that it is a recurring cost.
We don’t agree. The Costs of
Compliance section of the NPRM states
the estimated cost for each inspection
on each engine. We used the current
shop visit rate for the JT8D engine to
calculate the yearly recurring cost for
each engine. The air carriers can use
their own specific costs for their
individual JT8D fleet to calculate their
inspection cost.
Question About the Cost for the
Inspection
One commenter states the costs for
the inspections are significantly
different from the costs we specified in
the NPRM. We don’t agree. We based
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 169 (Thursday, September 1, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 52001-52004]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-17318]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. 98-ANE-61-AD; Amendment 39-14243; AD 2005-18-03]
RIN 2120-AA64
Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney PW2000 Series Turbofan
Engines
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The FAA is superseding an existing airworthiness directive
(AD) for Pratt & Whitney (PW) PW2000 series turbofan engines. That AD
currently requires revisions to the engine manufacturer's time limits
section (TLS) to include enhanced inspection of selected critical life-
limited parts at each piece-part opportunity. This AD requires
modifying the airworthiness limitations section of the manufacturer's
manual and an air carrier's approved continuous airworthiness
maintenance program to incorporate additional inspection requirements.
This AD results from an FAA study of in-service events involving
uncontained failures of critical rotating engine parts that indicates
the need for mandatory inspections. The mandatory inspections are
needed to identify those critical rotating parts with conditions, which
if allowed to continue in service, could result in uncontained
failures. We are issuing this AD to prevent critical life-limited
rotating engine part failure, which could result in an uncontained
engine failure and damage to the airplane.
DATES: This AD becomes effective February 28, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD docket at the FAA, New England
Region, Office of the Regional Counsel, 12 New England Executive Park,
Burlington, MA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mark Riley, Aerospace Engineer, Engine
Certification Office, FAA, Engine and Propeller Directorate, 12 New
England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; telephone (781) 238-
7758, fax (781) 238-7199.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA proposed to amend 14 CFR part 39
with a proposed airworthiness directive (AD). The proposed AD applies
to PW PW2000 series turbofan engines. We published the proposed AD in
the Federal Register on August 18, 2004 (69 FR 51198). That action
proposed to require modifying the TLS of the manufacturer's manual and
an air carrier's approved continuous airworthiness maintenance program
to incorporate the additional inspection requirements.
Examining the AD Docket
You may examine the AD Docket (including any comments and service
information), by appointment, between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday
through
[[Page 52002]]
Friday, except Federal holidays. See ADDRESSES for the location.
Comments
We provided the public the opportunity to participate in the
development of this AD. We have considered the comments received.
Request To Increase the Costs of Compliance
Several commenters express concern about the capital investment
required to eddy-current inspect the bolt holes of the HPT stage 2 hub.
They suggest the NPRM fails to recognize the substantial up-front
investment to get the equipment needed for the eddy current inspection.
In addition, one commenter states we should increase the Costs of
Compliance because the complex inspections will require several full-
time, specially trained operators. We don't agree. The AD doesn't
require air carriers to invest in tooling and equipment or hire more
personnel to comply with the proposed AD. The AD requires adding the
new eddy current inspection to the TLS of the engine manufacturer's
manual, and to the air carriers' approved maintenance manuals.
Operators can choose to buy equipment to perform the inspection, or
they may send the disk to an approved service provider.
Request for an Annual Cost for the Recurring Inspections
One commenter states that the NPRM implies a onetime cost for the
inspection, but that it is actually a recurring cost. We don't agree.
The Costs of Compliance section of the NPRM states the estimated cost
for each inspection on each engine. We used the current shop visit rate
for the PW2000 engine to calculate the recurring cost for each engine
on a yearly basis. The air carriers can use their own specific costs
for their individual PW2000 fleet to calculate their inspection cost.
Question About the Actual Cost for the Inspection
One commenter states that the actual costs for the inspections are
significantly different from the costs we specified in the NPRM. We
don't agree. We based our cost estimate on actual inspection times
provided by the engine manufacturer. We understand that cost estimates
can vary depending on the service provider. However, we consider basing
our estimate on inspection times provided by the engine manufacturer to
be the most accurate approach to estimating the cost to comply with the
AD.
Concern About Increased Inventory Levels for Parts Not Reflected in the
Cost Estimate
One commenter suggests that quoted turnaround time for the
inspection will make air carriers increase inventory levels for the
affected parts. The commenter also feels the cost estimate doesn't
reflect the cost of the increased inventory. We don't agree. The
proposed AD requires adding the new eddy current inspection for the
bolt holes in the HPT stage 2 hub to the TLS of the engine
manufacturer's manual, and to the air carrier's approved maintenance
manuals. The AD doesn't require air carriers to increase spare parts
inventory levels or specify the logistics of performing the
inspections.
Requests To Allow Operators To Use Equivalent Equipment To Perform the
Inspections
Two commenters ask that we allow them to use equipment that is
equivalent to the inspection equipment specified by the engine
manufacturer. The commenters ask us to allow them to use equipment they
already use for other mandated inspections. The commenters suggest that
using the single-source equipment specified by the manufacturer will
cause an undue burden. We don't agree. We don't intend that this
proposed AD specify only one method, or limit the inspection to one
method of inspection. This AD requires the operators to revise the ALS
to include a mandatory opportunistic inspection. The engine
manufacturer developed a validated inspection procedure using specific
tooling and equipment that provides an acceptable inspection technique.
However, operators may still seek approval from the manufacturer to use
alternative tools or methods of inspections other than those specified
in the engine manual. Providing flexibility for the engine
manufacturers to revise their engine manuals as they fine-tuned their
inspection methods and developed alternatives is part of the outcome of
working with the Air Transportation Association, operators, and
manufacturers.
Request To Extend the Compliance Time of the Final Rule
Two commenters ask that we extend the compliance of the AD to allow
an additional six to eight months to procure the eddy current
inspection equipment and train personnel. We agree. We changed the
effective date from 30 days after publication in the Federal Register
to 180 days after publication in the Federal Register.
Request To Provide Special Eddy Current Inspection Instructions
Two commenters ask that we provide clear instructions regarding
special handling of the parts and the complexity and sensitivity of the
eddy current inspection equipment. We partially agree. We agree that
eddy current inspections of aircraft engine parts require special
inspection procedures to perform the inspections. However, this AD only
requires the operators add eddy current inspection of the bolt holes of
HPT stage 2 hub bolt holes to the ALS of the manufacturer's engine
manual as a mandatory inspection. The engine manufacturer and the
suppliers of the eddy current inspection equipment will provide the
special procedures and requirements for the actual inspections.
Removed PW2240 Series and PW2337 Series Engine Models From the
Applicability
On January 6, 2005, we removed PW engine models PW2240 and PW2337
from the type certificate data sheet for the PW2000 series engine type
certificate. We removed reference to them from paragraph (c) of this
AD.
Corrected a Typographical Error
One commenter found a typographical error in paragraph (f)(1)(b).
We specified inspection 72-52-00. The inspection should be 72-52-16. We
corrected paragraph (f)(1)(b) in the final rule.
Conclusion
We have carefully reviewed the available data, including the
comments received, and determined that air safety and the public
interest require adopting the AD with the changes described previously.
We have determined that these changes will neither increase the
economic burden on any operator nor increase the scope of the AD.
Costs of Compliance
There are about 938 Pratt & Whitney PW2000 series turbofan engines
of the affected design in the worldwide fleet. We estimate that this AD
will affect 777 engines installed on airplanes of U.S. registry. We
also estimate that it will take about 4 work hours per engine to
perform the inspections, and that the average labor rate is $65 per
work hour. Since this is an added inspection requirement, included as
part of the normal maintenance cycle, no additional part costs are
involved. Based on these figures, we estimate the total additional cost
per engine per shop visit to be $260. Based on the current PW2000
engine shop visit rate, we
[[Page 52003]]
estimate the total additional cost for the PW2000 fleet to be $80,860
per year.
Authority for This Rulemaking
Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
subtitle VII, part A, subpart III, section 44701, ``General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.
Regulatory Findings
We have determined that this AD will not have federalism
implications under Executive Order 13132. This AD will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
(1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866;
(2) Is not a ``significant rule'' under DOT Regulatory Policies and
Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979); and
(3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
We prepared a summary of the costs to comply with this AD and
placed it in the AD Docket. You may get a copy of this summary by
sending a request to us at the address listed under ADDRESSES. Include
``AD Docket No. 98-ANE-61-AD'' in your request.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39
Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Safety.
Adoption of the Amendment
0
Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the Administrator,
the Federal Aviation Administration amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:
PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
Sec. 39.13 [Amended]
0
2. The FAA amends Sec. 39.13 by removing Amendment 39-12778, (67 FR
40143, June 4, 2002) and by adding a new airworthiness directive,
Amendment 39-14243, to read as follows:
2005-18-03 Pratt & Whitney: Amendment 39-14243. Docket No. 98-ANE-
61-AD.
Effective Date
(a) This AD becomes effective February 28, 2006.
Affected ADs
(b) This AD supersedes AD 2002-12-06.
Applicability
(c) This AD applies to Pratt & Whitney (PW) PW2037, PW2040,
PW2043, PW2143, PW2643, PW2037D, PW2037M, and PW2040D series
turbofan engines. These engines are installed on, but not limited to
Boeing 757 series and Ilyushin IL-96T series airplanes.
Unsafe Condition
(d) This AD results from the need to require enhanced inspection
of selected critical life-limited parts of PW PW2000 series turbofan
engines. We are issuing this AD to prevent critical life-limited
rotating engine part failure, which could result in an uncontained
engine failure and damage to the airplane.
Compliance
(e) You are responsible for having the actions required by this
AD performed within the compliance times specified unless the
actions have already been done.
(f) Within 30 days after the effective date of this AD, revise
the manufacturer's Time Limits section (TLS) of the manufacturer's
engine manual, as appropriate for PW PW2037, PW2040, PW2043, PW2143,
PW2643, PW2037D, PW2037M, and PW2040D series turbofan engines, and
for air carriers revise the approved continuous airworthiness
maintenance program, by adding the following:
``MANDATORY INSPECTIONS
(1) Perform inspections of the following parts at each piece-
part opportunity in accordance with the instructions provided in
PW2000 Engine Manuals 1A6231 and 1B2412:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EM Manual
Nomenclature Part No. section Inspection/check Subtask
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hub, LPC Assembly................. ALL............. 72-31-04 -06.................
Disk, HPT 1st Stage............... ALL............. 72-52-02 FPI entire disk per 72-52-02-230-007
72-52-00,
Inspection/Check-02.
Hub, HPT 2nd Stage................ ALL............. 72-52-16 (a) FPI entire hub 72-52-16-230-007
per 72-52-00,
Inspection/Check-02.
(b) Eddy-current 72-52-16-200-005
inspect hub bolt
holes per 72-52-16,
Inspection/Check-
05.
Hub, HPC Front.................... ALL............. 72-35-02 -05.................
Disk, HPC Drum Rotor Assembly (7- ALL............. 72-35-03 -04.................
15).
Disk, HPC Drum Rotor Assembly (16- ALL............. 72-35-10 -05.................
17).
Disk, HPC 16th Stage.............. ALL............. 72-35-06 -04.................
Disk, HPC 17th Stage.............. ALL............. 72-35-07 -04.................
HPC Turbine Drive Shaft Assembly.. ALL............. 72-35-08 -05.................
LPC Drive Turbine Shaft........... ALL............. 72-32-01 -06.................
Hub, Turbine Rear................. ALL............. 72-53-81 -06.................
Disk, LPT 3rd Stage............... ALL............. 72-53-31 -01.................
Disk, LPT 4th Stage............... ALL............. 72-53-41 -01.................
Disk, LPT 5th Stage............... ALL............. 72-53-51 -01.................
Disk, LPT 6th Stage............... ALL............. 72-53-61 -01.................
Disk, LPT 7th Stage............... ALL............. 72-53-71 -01.................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 52004]]
(2) For the purposes of these mandatory inspections, piece-part
opportunity means:
(i) The part is considered completely disassembled when done in
accordance with the disassembly instructions in the manufacturer's
engine manual to either part number level listed in the table above,
and
(ii) The part has accumulated more than 100 cycles in service
since the last piece-part opportunity inspection, provided that the
part was not damaged or related to the cause for its removal from
the engine.''
Alternative Methods of Compliance
(g) You must perform these mandatory inspections using the TLS
and the applicable Engine Manual unless you receive approval to use
an alternative method of compliance under paragraph (h) of this AD.
Section 43.16 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR 43.16) may
not be used to approve alternative methods of compliance or
adjustments to the times in which these inspections must be
performed.
(h) The Manager, Engine Certification Office, has the authority
to approve alternative methods of compliance for this AD if
requested using the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19.
Maintaining Records of the Mandatory Inspections
(i) You have met the requirements of this AD by using a TLS of
the manufacturer's engine manual changed as specified in paragraph
(f) of this AD, and, for air carriers operating under part 121 of
the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR part 121), by modifying
your continuous airworthiness maintenance plan to reflect those
changes. You must maintain records of the mandatory inspections that
result from those changes to the TLS according to the regulations
governing your operation. You do not need to record each piece-part
inspection as compliance to this AD. For air carriers operating
under part 121, you may use either the system established to comply
with section 121.369 or use an alternative system that your
principal maintenance inspector has accepted if that alternative
system:
(1) Includes a method for preserving and retrieving the records
of the inspections resulting from this AD; and
(2) Meets the requirements of section 121.369(c); and
(3) Maintains the records either indefinitely or until the work
is repeated.
(j) These record keeping requirements apply only to the records
used to document the mandatory inspections required as a result of
revising the TLS as specified in paragraph (f) of this AD, and do
not alter or amend the record keeping requirements for any other AD
or regulatory requirement.
Related Information
(k) None.
Issued in Burlington, Massachusetts, on August 24, 2005.
Jay J. Pardee,
Manager, Engine and Propeller Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 05-17318 Filed 8-31-05; 8:45 am]
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