Performance Specification 16 for Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems and Amendments to Testing and Monitoring Provisions, 45608-45625 [05-15330]

Agencies

• Oar-2003-0074
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 151 (Monday, August 8, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 45608-45625]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-15330]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 60 and 63

OAR-2003-0074

[FRL-7947-5]
RIN 2060-AG21


Performance Specification 16 for Predictive Emission Monitoring 
Systems and Amendments to Testing and Monitoring Provisions

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing performance 
specifications (PS) that evaluate the acceptability of predictive 
emission monitoring systems (PEMS) when used on stationary sources. 
This PS is needed to provide sources and regulatory agencies with 
performance criteria for evaluating this new technology. The intended 
effect of this action is to establish standardized performance 
requirements that will be used to evaluate candidate PEMS uniformly. 
The affected industries and their Standard Industrial Classification 
codes are listed under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. In addition, we are 
proposing to make minor amendments to various testing provisions in the 
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Emission Standards 
for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories (MACT) to correct 
inadvertent errors, make needed updates, and add flexibility.

DATES: Comments: Submit comments on or before October 7, 2005.
    Public Hearing: If anyone contacts us requesting to speak at a 
public hearing by August 23, 2005, we will hold a public hearing on 
September 7, 2005.

ADDRESSES: Comments. Comments may be submitted electronically, by mail, 
by facsimile, or through hand delivery/courier. Follow the detailed 
instructions as provided in Unit IB of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
section.
    Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at 10 
a.m. in the EPA Auditorium, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, or 
at an alternate site nearby.
    Docket. Docket No. OAR-2003-0074, contains information relevant to 
this rule. You can read and copy it between 8:30 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, (except for Federal holidays), at the U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center, EPA West, Room 108, 
1301 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20004; telephone (202) 566-1742. 
The docket office may charge a reasonable fee for copying.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Foston Curtis, Emission Measurement 
Center, Mail Code D205-02, Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis 
Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 
North Carolina 27711; telephone (919) 541-1063; facsimile number (919) 
541-0516; electronic mail address curtis.foston@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

General Information

A. Affected Entities

    Predictive emission monitoring systems are not currently required 
in any Federal rule. However, they may be used under the NSPS to 
predict nitrogen oxides emissions from small industrial, commercial, 
and institutional steam generating units. In some cases, PEMS have been 
approved as alternatives to CEMS for the initial 30-day compliance test 
at these facilities. Various State and Local regulations are 
incorporating PEMS as an emission monitoring tool. The major entities 
that are potentially affected by Proposed Performance Specification 16 
and amendments to the subparts are included in the following tables.

    Table 1.--Major Entities Potentially Affected by This Action for
 Proposed Performance Specification 16 and for Petroleum Refinery NSPS,
       Kraft Pulp Mills NSPS, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill NSPS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Examples of regulated entities          SIC codes      NAICS codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industrial, Commercial, Institutional               3569          332410
 Steam Generating Units.................
Stationary Gas Turbines.................            3511          333611
Petroleum Refineries....................            2911          324110
Kraft Pulp Mills........................            2621          322110
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills.........            4953          562213
Surface Coatings........................            3479  336111, 336112
Coke Ovens..............................            3312        33111111
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Table 2.--Major Entities Potentially Affected by This Action for
 Amendments to Performance Specification 11 and Procedure 2, Appendix F,
                                 Part 60
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Examples of regulated entities          SIC codes      NAICS codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portland Cement Manufacturing...........            3559          333298

[[Page 45609]]

 
Hazardous Waste Incinerators............            4953          562211
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Table 3.--Major Entities Potentially Affected by This Action for
     Amendments to Performance Specification 2, Appendix B, Part 60
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Examples of regulated entities          SIC codes      NAICS codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fossil Fuel Steam Generators............            3569          332410
Electric Generating Units...............            3569          332410
Industrial/Commercial/Institutional                 3569          332410
 Steam Generating Units.................
Small Industrial/Commercial/                        3569          332410
 Institutional Steam Generating Units...
Municipal Waste Combustors..............            4953          562213
Nitric Acid Plants......................            2873          525311
Sulfuric Acid Plants....................            2819          325188
Petroleum Refineries....................            2911          324110
Primary Copper Smelters.................            3331          331411
Primary Zinc Smelters...................            3339          331419
Primary Lead Smelters...................            3339          331419
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Table 4.--Major Entities Potentially Affected by This Action for
              Amendments to Method 24, Appendix A, Part 60
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Examples of regulated entities          SIC codes      NAICS codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rubber Tire Manufacturing...............            3011          326211
Flexible Vinyl and Urethane Coating and             2754          323111
 Printing...............................
Magnetic Tape Coating Facilities........            3695          334613
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts for                3479          326199
 Business Machines......................
Polymetric Coating of Supporting                    2824          332812
 Substrates Facilities..................
Surface Coating of Metal Furniture......            2514          337124
Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface             5012          336111
 Coating................................
Graphic Arts Industry: Publication                  2754          323111
 Rotogravure Printing...................
Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label                   2672          322222
 Surface Coating Operations.............
Indusrial Surface Coating: Large                    5064          421620
 Appliances.............................
Metal Coil Surface Coating..............            3479          335931
Beverage Can Surface Coating............            3411          332812
Aerospace...............................            3721           33641
Boat and Ship Manufacturing and Repair        3731, 3732  ..............
 Surface Coating........................
Fabric Printing, Coating and Dyeing.....            2759  ..............
Leather Finishing.......................            3111  ..............
Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing.....            3479  ..............
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products..            3479  ..............
Paper and other Web Surface Coating.....            2741
Plastic Parts Surface Coating...........            3479
Printing and Publishing Surface Coating.            2741  ..............
Wood Building Products..................            2499  ..............
Wood Furniture..........................      2511, 2521  ..............
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    These tables are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides 
an example of entities that may be affected by this action. If you have 
any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a 
particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

B. How Can I Get Copies of This Document and Other Related Information?

    1. Docket. EPA has established an official public docket for this 
action under Docket ID No. OAR-2003-0074. The official public docket 
consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, any 
public comments received, and other information related to this action. 
Although a part of the official docket, the public docket does not 
include Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Documents in the official 
public docket are listed in the index list in EPA's electronic public 
docket and comment system, EDOCKET. Documents may be available either 
electronically or in hard copy. Electronic documents may be viewed 
through EDOCKET. Hard copy documents may be viewed at Docket OAR-2003-
0074, EPA Docket Center, (EPA/DC) EPA West, Room B102, 1301 
Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 566-1742. 
The docket facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744.
    2. Electronic Access. You may access this Federal Register document 
electronically through the EPA Internet under the ``Federal Register'' 
listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/ or you can go to the federal 
wide eRulemaking site at http://www.regulations.gov.

[[Page 45610]]

    An electronic version of the public docket is available through 
EDOCKET. You may use EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/ to 
submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the 
contents of the official public docket, and to access those documents 
in the public docket that are available electronically. Once in the 
system, select ``search,'' then key in the appropriate docket 
identification number.
    Certain types of information will not be placed in the EPA Dockets. 
Information claimed as CBI and other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute, which is not included in the official public 
docket, will not be available for public viewing in EPA's electronic 
public docket. The EPA's policy is that copyrighted material will not 
be placed in EPA's electronic public docket but will be available only 
in printed, paper form in the official public docket. To the extent 
feasible, publicly available docket materials will be made available in 
EPA's electronic public docket. When a document is selected from the 
index list in EDOCKET, the system will identify whether the document is 
available for viewing in EPA's electronic public docket. Publicly 
available docket materials that are not available electronically may be 
viewed at the docket facility identified in Unit I.B. The EPA intends 
to work towards providing electronic access to all of the publicly 
available docket materials through EPA's electronic public docket.
    For public commenters, it is important to note that EPA's policy is 
that public comments, whether submitted electronically or on paper, 
will be made available for public viewing in EPA's electronic public 
docket as EPA receives them and without change, unless the comment 
contains copyrighted material, CBI, or other information whose 
disclosure is restricted by statute. When EPA identifies a comment 
containing copyrighted material, EPA will provide a reference to that 
material in the version of the comment that is placed in EPA's 
electronic public docket. The entire printed comment, including the 
copyrighted material, will be available in the public docket.
    Public comments submitted on computer disks that are mailed or 
delivered to the docket will be transferred to EPA's electronic public 
docket. Public comments that are mailed or delivered to the Docket will 
be scanned and placed in EPA's electronic public docket. Where 
practical, physical objects will be photographed, and the photograph 
will be placed in EPA's electronic public docket along with a brief 
description written by the docket staff.
    For additional information about EPA's electronic public docket, 
visit EDOCKET online or see 67 FR 38102, May 31, 2002.

C. How and to Whom Do I Submit Comments?

    You may submit comments electronically, by mail, by facsimile, or 
through hand delivery/courier. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, 
identify the appropriate docket identification number in the subject 
line on the first page of your comment. Please ensure that your 
comments are submitted within the specified comment period. Comments 
received after the close of the comment period will be marked ``late.'' 
The EPA is not required to consider these late comments. However, late 
comments may be considered if time permits.
    1. Electronically. If you submit an electronic comment as 
prescribed below, EPA recommends that you include your name, mailing 
address, and an e-mail address or other contact information in the body 
of your comment. Also include this contact information on the outside 
of any disk or CD ROM you submit and in any cover letter accompanying 
the disk or CD ROM. This ensures that you can be identified as the 
submitter of the comment and allows EPA to contact you in case EPA 
cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties or needs further 
information on the substance of your comment. The EPA's policy is that 
EPA will not edit your comment, and any identifying or contact 
information provided in the body of a comment will be included as part 
of the comment that is placed in the official public docket and made 
available in EPA's electronic public docket. If EPA cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment.
    i. EDOCKET. Your use of EPA's electronic public docket to submit 
comments to EPA electronically is EPA's preferred method for receiving 
comments. Go directly to EDOCKET at http://www.epa.gov/edocket, and 
follow the online instructions for submitting comments. To access EPA's 
electronic public docket from the EPA Internet Home Page, select 
``Information Sources,'' ``Dockets,'' and ``EDOCKET.'' Once in the 
system, select ``search,'' and then key in Docket ID No. OAR-2003-0074. 
The system is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not 
know your identity, e-mail address, or other contact information unless 
you provide it in the body of your comment.
    ii. http://www.regulations.gov. Electronic comments may also be 
sent through the federal wide eRulemaking web site at http://
www.regulations.gov.
    iii. E-mail. Comments may be sent by electronic mail (e-mail) to a-
and-r-docket@epamail.gov, Attention: Docket ID No. OAR-2003-0074. In 
contrast to EPA's electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail system is not 
an ``anonymous access'' system. If you send an e-mail comment directly 
to the Docket without going through EPA's electronic public docket, 
EPA's e-mail system automatically captures your e-mail address. E-mail 
addresses that are automatically captured by EPA's e-mail system are 
included as part of the comment that is placed in the official public 
docket and made available in EPA's electronic public docket.
    iv. Disk or CD ROM. You may submit comments on a disk or CD ROM 
that you mail to the mailing address identified in Unit I.C.2. These 
electronic submissions will be accepted in WordPerfect or ASCII file 
format. Avoid the use of special characters and any form of encryption.
    2. By Mail. Send duplicate copies of your comments to: 
``Performance Specification 16 for Predictive Emission Monitoring 
Systems,'' Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6102T, 1200 
Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC, 20460, Attention Docket ID No. 
OAR-2003-0074.
    3. By Hand Delivery or Courier. Deliver your comments to: EPA 
Docket Center, EPA West, Room 108, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., 
Washington, DC 20460, Attention: Docket ID No. OAR-2003-0074. Such 
deliveries are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of 
operation as identified in Unit I.B.1.
    4. By Facsimile. Fax your comments to: 202-566-1741, Attention: 
Docket ID. No. OAR-2003-0074.

D. How Should I Submit CBI to the Agency?

    Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI 
electronically through EPA's electronic public docket or by e-mail. 
Send or deliver information identified as CBI only to the docket 
address to the attention of Docket ID No. OAR-2003-0074. You may claim 
information that you submit to EPA as CBI by marking any part or all of 
that information as CBI (if you submit CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the 
outside of the disk or CD ROM as CBI and then identify electronically 
within the disk or CD ROM the specific information that is CBI). 
Information so

[[Page 45611]]

marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set 
forth in 40 CFR Part 2.
    In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes 
any information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not 
contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion 
in the public docket and EPA's electronic public docket. If you submit 
the copy that does not contain CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the outside 
of the disk or CD ROM clearly that it does not contain CBI. Information 
not marked as CBI will be included in the public docket and EPA's 
electronic public docket without prior notice. If you have any 
questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming CBI, please consult 
the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

E. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?

    You may find the following suggestions helpful for preparing your 
comments:
    1. Explain your views as clearly as possible.
    2. Describe any assumptions that you used.
    3. Provide any technical information and/or data you used that 
support your views.
    4. If you estimate potential burden or costs, explain how you 
arrived at your estimate.
    5. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.
    6. Offer alternatives.
    7. Make sure to submit your comments by the comment period deadline 
identified.
    8. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, identify the appropriate docket 
identification number in the subject line on the first page of your 
response. It would also be helpful if you provided the name, date, and 
Federal Register citation related to your comments.
    Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as 
follows:

I. Background
II. Summary of Proposed Performance Specification 16
    A. What Is the Purpose of PS-16?
    B. Who Must Comply With PS-16?
    C. What Are the Basic Requirements of PS-16?
    D. What Is the Rationale for the Performance Criteria in PS-16?
III. Summary of Other Amendments
    A. Petroleum Refinery (Subpart J) NSPS
    B. Kraft Pulp Mill (Subpart BB) NSPS
    C. Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (Subpart WWW) NSPS
    D. Method 24 of Appendix A of Part 60
    E. Performance Specification 2 of Appendix B of Part 60
    F. Performance Specification 11 of Appendix B of Part 60
    G. Method 303 of Appendix A of Part 63
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Action Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    I. NTTAA: National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

I. Background

    Today we are proposing Performance Specification 16 for Predictive 
Emission Monitoring Systems to Appendix B, Part 60. Predictive emission 
monitoring systems are a new and innovative tool for monitoring 
pollutant emissions without the traditional hardware analyzers. The 
PEMS predicts a unit's emissions indirectly using process parameters 
that have a known relationship to pollutant concentration. Their 
principle of operation can range from a relatively simple relationship 
based on combustion principles to the more complex computer models that 
are trained to predict emissions using neural networks technology. They 
have been used for monitoring purposes at industrial, commercial, and 
institutional steam-generating units, gas turbines, internal combustion 
engines, and other combustion processes where process parameters have a 
predictable relationship to emissions. We are also proposing to make 
amendments to the testing and monitoring provisions of various NSPS and 
MACT rules.

II. Summary of Proposed Performance Specification 16

A. What Is the Purpose of PS-16?

    The purpose of PS-16 is to establish the initial installation and 
performance procedures that candidate PEMS must meet to be acceptable 
for use. The specification stipulates equipment design and 
documentation, location, and addresses initial and periodic performance 
tests of the PEMS.

B. Who Must Comply With PS-16?

    If adopted as a final rule, all PEMS that will be used to comply 
with 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, and 63 will be required to comply with PS-16. 
In addition to new PEMS that are installed after the effective date of 
PS-16, other PEMS may also be required to comply with PS-16 at the 
discretion of the applicable regulatory agency or permit writer.

C. What Are the Basic Requirements of PS-16?

    The PS-16 requires owners and operators of affected PEMS to: (1) 
Select a PEMS that satisfies basic design criteria; (2) verify and 
document their PEMS; (3) validate their PEMS against a reference method 
using prescribed statistical procedures prior to placing it into 
operation; and (4) periodically reassess their PEMS's performance. The 
performance requirements for PS-16 follow the general performance 
requirements for continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) in 
Appendix B of Part 60. A relative accuracy (RA) test of the PEMS 
against a reference method is the primary assessment of accuracy. The 
number of runs prescribed for the RA test will depend upon the 
underlying regulation.

D. What Is the Rationale for the Performance Criteria in PS-16?

    The Agency is allowing, but not requiring, PEMS use in a number of 
recently-promulgated rules, and a number of facilities regulated by 
State and Local agencies are considering their use. Past EPA approvals 
of PEMS were based on criteria provided in the draft performance 
specifications on the Agency's Emission Measurement Center website. In 
other cases, performance specifications developed by State or Local 
Agencies were used to evaluate the PEMS. We are proposing PS-16 to 
provide regulatory agencies a uniform procedure for assessing the 
capabilities of this new monitoring tool.

III. Summary of Other Amendments

A. Petroleum Refinery (Subpart J) NSPS

    In the petroleum refinery NSPS in Sec.  60.106(b)(3) the equation 
for determining the coke burnoff rate is being corrected.

B. Kraft Pulp Mill (Subpart BB) NSPS

    In the monitoring provisions of the kraft pulp mills NSPS in Sec.  
60.284, a paragraph requiring continuous emission monitors be subject 
to the quality assurance provisions of Appendix F that was added by 
mistake in an October 17, 2000 amendment is being deleted.

C. Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (Subpart WWW) NSPS

    Under the municipal solid waste landfill NSPS in Sec.  60.752, the 
requirement to test open flares for heat content and flare exit 
velocity using Methods 18 and ASTM D1946 is being

[[Page 45612]]

changed to require Method 3C. These open flares must comply with the 
general flare provisions of 40 CFR 60.18, which require that flare gas 
heat content and flare exit velocity be within prescribed limits. The 
heat content of flare gas is determined from an analysis of its organic 
compound and hydrogen content using Method 18 and ASTM D1946, 
respectively. Methane is the only significant organic compound in 
landfill gas and hydrogen is not likely to be present. Therefore, 
Method 18 and ASTM D1946 are not practical methods for landfill 
applications. Method 3C is less labor-intensive than Method 18 and has 
the preferred measuring range for methane levels encountered at 
landfills. In addition, Method 3C determines oxygen and nitrogen which 
are currently determined by an additional method and are needed to 
calculate the flare gas exit velocity. We are proposing that Method 3C 
be required as the test method for methane in place of Method 18 and 
ASTM D1946 for organics and hydrogen.

D. Method 24 of Appendix A of Part 60

    Method 24, Part 60, Appendix A is used to determine the contents 
and properties of surface coatings under NSPS applications. Method 24 
currently references ASTM D2369 as the method for determining volatiles 
content. The American Society for Testing and Materials has recommended 
that ASTM D6419 be allowed as an alternative to D2369 in this case. We 
are proposing to amend Method 24 to allow this option.

E. Performance Specification 2, Part 60, Appendix B

    In Performance Specification 2, Part 60, Appendix B, an inadvertent 
omission in an October 17, 2000 amendment removed an allowance for 
relative accuracy relief for low-emitters. We are proposing to 
reinstate the allowance.

F. Performance Specification 11 of Appendix of Appendix B of Part 60

    The publication on January 12, 2004 of Performance Specification 11 
for Appendix B and Procedure 2 for Part 60, Appendix F contained 
technical and typographical errors and unclear instructions. We are 
revising the definition of confidence interval half range to clarify 
the language, replacing the word ``pairs'' with ``sets'' to avoid 
possible confusion regarding the use of paired sampling trains, 
correcting errors in Equations 11-22, 11-27, and 11-37, correcting the 
procedures in paragraphs (4) and (5) of section 12.3 for determining 
confidence and tolerance interval half ranges for the exponential and 
power correlation models, and adding a note following paragraph (5)(v) 
concerning the application of correlation equations to calculate PM 
concentrations using the response data from an operating PM CEMS. We 
are also renumbering some equations and references for clarification, 
consistency, and accuracy.

G. Method 303 of Appendix A of Part 63

    In Method 303 of Appendix A of Part 63, we are proposing to add a 
statement on varying the time of day runs are taken that was deleted by 
mistake in a recent amendment of the method.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Reviews

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735 October 4, 1993), we must 
determine whether this regulatory action is ``significant'' and 
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and 
the requirements of this Executive Order. The Order defines 
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a 
rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million 
or more or adversely affects in a material way the economy, a sector of 
the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public 
health or safety, or State, Local, or Tribal governments or 
communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interferes 
with an action taken or planned by another agency; (3) materially alter 
the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan 
programs, or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) 
raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the 
President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive 
Order.
    We have determined that this rule is not a ``significant regulatory 
action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is therefore not 
subject to OMB review. We have determined that this regulation would 
result in none of the economic effects set forth in Section 1 of the 
Order because it does not impose emission measurement requirements 
beyond those specified in the current regulations, nor does it change 
any emission standard.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This action does not impose an information collection burden under 
the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. 
This actions provides performance criteria for a new monitoring tool 
that may be used in some cases in place of current source monitoring 
requirements. These criteria do not add information collection 
requirements beyond those currently required under the applicable 
regulation. The additional amendments being made to the testing 
requirements in 40 CFR part 60 do no add information collection 
requirements but make minor corrections to existing testing 
methodology.
    Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or 
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time 
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and 
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; 
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; 
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; 
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's 
regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory 
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment 
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any 
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small 
governmental jurisdictions.
    For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's rule on small 
entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business as defined 
by the Small Business Administration's regulations at 13 CFR 121.201; 
(2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, 
county, town, school district or special district with a population of 
less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-
profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not 
dominant in its field. Entities potentially affected by this action

[[Page 45613]]

include those listed in Table 1 of SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
    After considering the economic impacts of today's proposed rule on 
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. We are 
allowing, but not requiring, PEMS use in a number of recently-
promulgated rules, and a number of facilities regulated by State and 
Local agencies are considering their use. The intended effect of this 
action is to facilitate the use of PEMS by establishing levels of 
acceptability for candidate PEMS. In addition, we are proposing to make 
minor amendments to various testing provisions in the New Source 
Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Emission Standards for 
Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories (MACT) to correct 
inadvertent errors, make needed updates, and add flexibility. We invite 
comments on all aspects of the proposal and its impacts on small 
entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, Local, and Tribal 
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA 
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit 
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that 
may result in expenditures to State, Local, and Tribal governments, in 
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 
one year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement 
is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify 
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt 
the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative 
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, 
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least 
costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative if the 
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that 
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory 
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under 
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must 
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling 
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely 
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant 
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and 
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory 
requirements.
    Today's rule contains no Federal mandates (under the regulatory 
provisions of Title II of the UMRA) for State, Local, or Tribal 
governments or the private sector. The rule imposes no enforceable duty 
on any State, Local, or Tribal governments or the private sector. In 
any event, EPA has determined that this rule does not contain a Federal 
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for 
State, Local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private 
sector in any one year. Thus, today's rule is not subject to the 
requirements of Sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure 
``meaningful and timely input by State and Local officials in the 
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.'' 
``Policies that have federalism implications'' are defined in the 
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct 
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national 
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government.''
    This rule does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between 
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as 
specified in Executive Order 13132. Thus, the requirements of Section 6 
of the Executive Order do not apply to this rule.
    In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA 
policy to promote communications between EPA and State and Local 
governments, EPA specifically solicits comment on this proposed rule 
from State and Local officials.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Tribal 
Governments

    Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000), 
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful 
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory 
policies that have tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal 
implications'' is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations 
that have ``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on 
the relationship between the Federal government and the Indian tribes, 
or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the 
Federal government and Indian tribes.''
    This proposed rule does not have tribal implications. It will not 
have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the 
relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. In 
this proposed rule, we are simply allowing an alternative emission 
monitoring tool that applicable facilities may use. Thus, Executive 
Order 13175 does not apply to this rule.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045 applies to any rule that EPA determines (1) 
is ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order 12866, 
and (2) the environmental health or safety risk addressed by the rule 
has a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action 
meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health 
or safety effects of the planned rule on children and explain why the 
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and 
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to 
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that 
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has 
the potential to influence the regulation. This proposed rule is not 
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is not based on health or 
safety risks.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, ``Actions 
Concerning Regulations that Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 
Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is

[[Page 45614]]

not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

I. NTTAA: National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113 (15 U.S.C. 272), directs us to 
use voluntary consensus standards (VCSs) in our regulatory activities 
unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise 
impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards 
(e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, 
business practices, etc.) that are developed or adopted by VCS bodies. 
The NTTAA requires us to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations 
when we decide not to use available and applicable VCSs. We are not 
proposing new test methods in this rulemaking but are adding 
performance requirements for a new monitoring tool that can be used as 
an alternative to what has already been mandated. Therefore, NTTAA does 
not apply.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Parts 60 and 63

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, New sources, Test 
methods and procedures, Performance specifications, and Continuous 
emission monitors.

    Dated: July 26, 2005.
Stephen L. Johnson,
Administrator.
    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental 
Protection Agency proposes to amend title 40, chapter I of the Code of 
Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 60--STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES

    1. The authority citation for Part 60 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, 7411, 7413, 7414, 7416, 7601, and 
7602.


Sec.  60.106  [Amended]

    2. By revising the equation in Sec.  60.106(b)(3) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  60.106  Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) * * *

RC = K1Qr (%CO2 + %CO) + 
(K2Qa - K3Qr)((%CO / 2) + 
(%CO2 + %O2))
* * * * *


Sec.  60.284  [Amended]

    3. By revising Sec.  60.284(f) to read as follows:


Sec.  60.284  Monitoring of emissions and operations.

* * * * *
    (f) The procedures under Sec.  60.13 shall be followed for 
installation, evaluation, and operation of the continuous monitoring 
systems required under this section. All continuous monitoring systems 
shall be operated in accordance with the applicable procedures under 
Performance Specifications 1, 3, and 5 of appendix B of this part.
* * * * *


Sec.  60.752  [Amended]

    4. By revising Sec.  60.752(b)(2)(iii)(A) to read as follows:


Sec.  60.752  Standards for air emissions from municipal solid waste 
landfills

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) * * *
    (A) An open flare designed and operated in accordance with Sec.  
60.18, except that the net heating value of the combusted landfill gas 
is calculated from the concentration of methane in the landfill gas as 
measured by Method 3C. Other organic components, hydrogen, and carbon 
monoxide are not measured;
* * * * *

Appendix A [Amended]

    5. In Appendix A, by adding Section 6.7 to Method 24 to read as 
follows:

Method 24--Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, 
Density, Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings

* * * * *
    6.7 ASTM D 6419-00, Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed 
and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks.
* * * * *

Appendix B [Amended]

    6. In Appendix B, by adding a sentence to Section 13.2 of 
Performance Specification 2 to read as follows:

Performance Specification 2--Specifications and Test Procedures for 
SO2 and NOX Continuous Emission Monitoring 
Systems in Stationary Sources

* * * * *
    13.2 * * * For SO2 emission standards of 130 to and 
including 86 ng/J (0.30 and 0.20 lb/million Btu), inclusive, use 15 
percent of the applicable standard; below 86 ng/J (0.20 lb/million 
Btu), use 20 percent of the emission standard.
* * * * *
    7. In Appendix B, Performance Specification 11:
    A. By revising Sections 3.4 and 8.6;
    B. By revising paragraphs (1)(ii), (2), (4), and (5) of Section 
12.3;
    C. By revising paragraph (3)(ii) of Section 12.4;
    D. By revising (2) and (3) of Section 13.2;
    E. By adding references 16.8 and 16.9 to Section 16.0; and
    F. By revising Table 1 in Section 17.0.
    The revisions and addition read as follows:

Performance Specification 11--Specifications and Test Procedures for 
Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary 
Sources

* * * * *
    3.4 ``Confidence Interval Half Range (CI)'' is a statistical term 
and means one-half of the width of the 95 percent confidence interval 
around the predicted mean PM concentration (y value) calculated at the 
PM CEMS response value (x value) where the confidence interval is 
narrowest. Procedures for calculating CI are specified in section 12.3. 
The CI as a percent of the emission limit value (CI%) is calculated at 
the appropriate PM CEMS response value and must satisfy the criteria 
specified in Section 13.2 (2).
* * * * *
    8.6 How do I conduct my PM CEMS correlation test? You must conduct 
the correlation test according to the procedure given in paragraphs (1) 
through (5) of this section. If you need multiple correlations, you 
must conduct testing and collect at least 15 sets of reference method 
and PM CEMS data for calculating each separate correlation.
* * * * *
    12.3 How do I determine my PM CEMS correlation?
* * * * *
    (1) How do I evaluate a linear correlation for my correlation test 
data?
* * * * *
    (ii) Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval 
(CI) for the predicted PM concentration (y) at the mean value of x, 
using Equation 11-8:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.045

Where:

CI = the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval for the 
predicted PM concentration at the mean x value,
tdf,1-a/2 = the value for the t statistic provided in Table 
1 for df = (n-2), and

[[Page 45615]]

SL = the scatter or deviation of y values about the 
correlation curve, which is determined using Equation 11-9:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.046

    Calculate the confidence interval half range for the predicted PM 
concentration (y) at the mean x value as a percentage of the emission 
limit (CI%) using Equation 11-10:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.047

Where:

CI = the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval for the 
predicted PM concentration at the mean x value, and
EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.

    (iii) Calculate the half range of the tolerance interval (TI) for 
the predicted PM concentration (y) at the mean x value using Equation 
11-11:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.048

Where:

TI = the half range of the tolerance interval for the predicted PM 
concentration (y) at the mean x value,
kT = as calculated using Equation 11-12, and
SL = as calculated using Equation 11-9:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.049

Where:

n' = the number of test runs (n),
un, = the tolerance factor for 75 percent coverage at 95 
percent confidence provided in Table 1 for df = (n-2), and
vdf = the value from Table 1 for df = (n--2).

    Calculate the half range of the tolerance interval for the 
predicted PM concentration (y) at the mean x value as a percentage of 
the emission limit (TI%) using Equation 11-13:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.050

Where:

TI = the half range of the tolerance interval for the predicted PM 
concentration (y) at the mean x value, and
EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.
* * * * *
    (2) How do I evaluate a polynomial correlation for my correlation 
test data? To evaluate a polynomial correlation, follow the procedures 
described in paragraphs (2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) Calculate the polynomial correlation equation, which is 
indicated by Equation 11-16, using Equations 11-17 through 11-22:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.051

Where:

y = the PM CEMS concentration predicted by the polynomial correlation 
equation, and
b0, b1, b2 = the coefficients 
determined from the solution to the matrix equation Ab=B

Where:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.052

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.053

Where:

xi = the PM CEMS response for run i,
yi = the reference method PM concentration for run i, and
n = the number of test runs.

    Calculate the polynomial correlation curve coefficients 
(b0, b1, and b2 ) using Equations 11-
19 through 11-21, respectively:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.054

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.055

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.056

Where:

[[Page 45616]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.057

    (ii) Calculate the 95 percent confidence interval half range (CI) 
by first calculating the C coefficients (C0 to 
C5) using Equations 11-23 and 11-24:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.058

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.059

    Calculate [Delta] using Equation 11-25 for each x value:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.060
    
    Determine the x value that corresponds to the minimum value [Delta] 
([Delta]min). Determine the scatter or deviation of y values 
about the polynomial correlation curve (SP) using Equation 
11-26:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.061

    Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 
for the predicted PM concentration (y) at the x value that corresponds 
to [Delta]min using Equation 11-27:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.062

Where:

df = (n - 3), and
tdf = as listed in Table 1 (see section 17).

    Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval for 
the predicted PM concentration at the x value that corresponds to 
[Delta]min as a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using 
Equation 11-28:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.063

Where:

CI = the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval for the 
predicted PM concentration at the x value that corresponds to 
[Delta]min, and
EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.

    (iii) Calculate the tolerance interval half range (TI) for the 
predicted PM concentration at the x value that corresponds to 
[Delta]min, as indicated in Equation 11-29 for the 
polynomial correlation, using Equations 11-30 and 11-31:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.064

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.065

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.066

un, = the value indicated in Table 1 for df = (n' - 3), and
vdf = the value indicated in Table 1 for df = (n' - 3).

    Calculate the tolerance interval half range for the predicted PM 
concentration at the x value that corresponds to [Delta]min 
as a percentage of the emission limit (TI%) using Equation 11-32:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.067

Where:

TI = the tolerance interval half range for the predicted PM 
concentration at the x value that corresponds to [Delta]min, 
and
EL = PM emission limit, as described in section 13.2.

    (iv) Calculate the polynomial correlation coefficient (r) using 
Equation 11-33:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.068

Where:

SP = as calculated using Equation 11-26, and
Sy = as calculated using Equation 11-15.
* * * * *
    (4) How do I evaluate an exponential correlation for my correlation 
test data? To evaluate an exponential correlation, which has the form 
indicated by Equation 11-37, follow the procedures described in 
paragraphs (4)(i) through (v) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.069

    (i) Perform a logarithmic transformation of each PM concentration 
measurement (y values) using Equation 11-38:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.070

Where:

y'i = is the transformed value of yi, and
Ln(yi) = the natural logarithm of the PM concentration 
measurement for run i.

    (ii) Using the values for y'i in place of the values for 
yi, perform the same procedures used to develop the linear 
correlation equation described in paragraph (1)(i) of this section. The 
resulting equation will have the form indicated by Equation 11-39.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.071

Where:

[ycirc]' = the predicted log PM concentration value,
b'0 = the natural logarithm of b0, and the variables b0, b1, 
and x are as defined in paragraph (1)(i) of this section.


[[Page 45617]]


    (iii) Using the values for y'i in place of the values for yi, 
calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI'), 
as described in paragraph (1)(ii) of this section for CI. Note that CI' 
is on the log scale. Next, calculate the upper and lower 95 percent 
confidence limits for the mean value y' using Equations 11-40 and 11-
41:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.072

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.073

Where:

LCL' = the lower 95 percent confidence limit for the mean value y',
UCL = the upper 95 percent confidence limit for the mean value y',
y' = the mean value of the log-transformed PM concentrations, and
CI' = the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval for the 
predicted PM concentration ([ycirc]'), as calculated in Equation 11-8.

    Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 
on the original PM concentration scale using Equation 11-42:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.074

Where:

CI = the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval on the 
original PM concentration scale, and UCL' and LCL' are as defined 
previously.

    Calculate the half range of the 95 percent confidence interval for 
the predicted PM concentration corresponding to the mean value of x as 
a percentage of the emission limit (CI%) using Equation 11-10.
    (iv) Using the values for y'i in place of the values for 
yi, calculate the half range tolerance interval (TI'), as 
described in paragraph (1)(iii) of this section for TI. Note that TI' 
is on the log scale. Next, calculate the half range tolerance limits 
for the mean value y' using Equations 11-43 and 11-44:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.075

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.076

Where:

LTL' = the lower 95 percent tolerance limit for the mean value y',
UTL' = the upper 95 percent tolerance limit for the mean value y',
y' = the mean value of the log-transformed PM concentrations, and
TI' = the half range of the 95 percent tolerance interval for the 
predicted PM concentration ([ycirc]'), as calculated in Equation 11-11.

    Calculate the half range tolerance interval (TI) on the original PM 
concentration scale using Equation 11-45:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.077

TI = the half range of the 95 percent tolerance interval on the 
original PM scale, and UTL' and LTL' are as defined previously.

    Calculate the tolerance interval half range for the predicted PM 
concentration corresponding to the mean value of x as a percentage of 
the emission limit (TI%) using Equation 11-13.
    (v) Using the values for y'i in place of the values for yi, 
calculate the correlation coefficient (r) using the procedure described 
in paragraph (1)(iv) of this section.
    (5) How do I evaluate a power correlation for my correlation test 
data? To evaluate a power correlation, which has the form indicated by 
Equation 11-46, follow the procedures described in paragraphs (5)(i) 
through (v) of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.078

    (i) Perform logarithmic transformations of each PM CEMS response (x 
values) and each PM concentration measurement (y values) using 
Equations 11-35 and 11-38, respectively.
    (ii) Using the values for x'i in place of the values for xi, and 
the values for y'i in place of the values for yi, perform the same 
procedures used to develop the linear correlation equation described in 
paragraph (1)(i) of this section. The resulting equation will have the 
form indicated by Equation 11-47:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.079

Where:

[ycirc]' = the predicted log PM concentration value, and
x' = the natural logarithm of the PM CEMS response values,
b'0 = the natural logarithm of b0, and the variables b0, b1, 
and x are as defined in paragraph (1)(i) of this section.

    (iii) Using the same procedure described for exponential models in 
paragraph (4)(iii) of this section, calculate the half range of the 95 
percent confidence interval for the predicted PM concentration 
corresponding to the mean value of x' as a percentage of the emission 
limit.
    (iv) Using the same procedure described for exponential models in 
paragraph (4)(iv) of this section, calculate the tolerance interval 
half range for the predicted PM concentration corresponding to the mean 
value of x' as a percentage of the emission limit.
    (v) Using the values for y'i in place of the values for yi, 
calculate the correlation coefficient (r) using the procedure described 
in paragraph (1)(iv) of this section.


    Note: PS-11 does not address the application of correlation 
equations to calculate PM emission concentrations using PM CEMS 
response data during normal operations of a PM CEMS. However, we 
will provide guidance on the use of specific correlation models 
(i.e., logarithmic, exponential, and power models) to calculate PM 
concentrations in an operating PM CEMS in situations when the PM 
CEMS response values are equal to or less than zero, and the 
correlation model is undefined.

* * * * *
    12.4 What correlation model should I use?
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (ii) Calculate the minimum value using Equation 11-48.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP08AU05.080
    
* * * * *
    13.2 What performance criteria must my PM CEMS correlation satisfy?
* * * * *
    (2) The confidence interval half range must satisfy the applicable 
criterion specified in paragraph (2)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this 
section, based on the type of correlation model.
    (i) For linear or logarithmic correlations, the 95 percent 
confidence interval half range at the mean PM CEMS response value from 
the correlation test must be within 10

[[Page 45618]]

percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable 
regulation. Therefore, the CI% calculated using Equation 11-10 must be 
less than or equal to 10 percent.
    (ii) For polynomial correlations, the 95 percent confidence 
interval half range at the PM CEMS response value from the correlation 
test that corresponds to the minimum value for [Delta] must be within 
10 percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable 
regulation. Therefore, the CI% calculated using Equation 11-28 must be 
less than or equal to 10 percent.
    (iii) For exponential or power correlations, the 95 percent 
confidence interval half range at the mean of the logarithm of the PM 
CEMS response values from the correlation test must be within 10 
percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the applicable 
regulation. Therefore, the CI% calculated using Equation 11-10 must be 
less than or equal to 10 percent.
* * * * *
    (3) The tolerance interval half range must satisfy the applicable 
criterion specified in paragraph (3)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this 
section, based on the type of correlation model.
    (i) For linear or logarithmic correlations, the half range 
tolerance interval with 95 percent confidence and 75 percent coverage 
at the mean PM CEMS response value from the correlation test must be 
within 25 percent of the PM emission limit value specified in the 
applicable regulation. Therefore, the TI% calculated using Equation 11-
13 must be less than or equal to 25 percent.
    (ii) For polynomial correlations, the half range tolerance interval 
with 95 percent confidence and 75 percent coverage at the PM CEMS 
response value from the correlation test that corresponds to the 
minimum value for [Delta] must be within 25 percent of the PM emission 
limit value specified in the applicable regulation. Therefore, the TI% 
calculated using Equation 11-32 must be less than or equal to 25 
percent.
    (iii) For exponential or power correlations, the half range 
tolerance interval with 95 percent confidence and 75 percent coverage 
at the mean of the logarithm of the PM CEMS response values from the 
correlation test must be within 25 percent of the PM emission limit 
value specified in the applicable regulation. Therefore, the TI% 
calculated using Equation 11-13 must be less than or equal to 25 
percent.
* * * * *
    16.0 Which references are relevant to this performance 
specification?
* * * * *
    16.8 Snedecor, George W. and Cochran, William G. (1989), 
Statistical Methods, Eighth Edition, Iowa State University Press.
    16.9 Wallis, W.A. (1951) ``Tolerance Intervals for Linear 
Regression,'' in Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics 
and Probability, ed. J. Neyman, Berkeley: University of California 
Press, pp. 43-51.
17.0 What Reference Tables and Validation Data Are Relevant to PS-11?
* * * * *

               Table 1.--Factors for Calculation of Confidence and Tolerance Interval Half Ranges
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Tolerance interval with 75% coverage and 95%
                                                   Student's t,                  confidence level
                       df                              t df      -----------------------------------------------
                                                                    V df (95%)      u n, (75%)          kT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3...............................................           3.182           2.920           1.266           3.697
4...............................................           2.776           2.372           1.247           2.958
5...............................................           2.571           2.089           1.233           2.576
6...............................................           2.447           1.915           1.223           2.342
7...............................................           2.365           1.797           1.214           2.183
8...............................................           2.306           1.711           1.208           2.067
9...............................................           2.262           1.645           1.203           1.979
10..............................................           2.228           1.593           1.198           1.909
11..............................................           2.201           1.551           1.195           1.853
12..............................................           2.179           1.515           1.192           1.806
13..............................................           2.160           1.485           1.189           1.766
14..............................................           2.145           1.460           1.186           1.732
15..............................................           2.131           1.437           1.184           1.702
16..............................................           2.120           1.418           1.182           1.676
17..............................................           2.110           1.400           1.181           1.653
18..............................................           2.101           1.384           1.179           1.633
19..............................................           2.093           1.370           1.178           1.614
20..............................................           2.086           1.358           1.177           1.597
21..............................................           2.080           1.346           1.175           1.582
22..............................................           2.074           1.335           1.174           1.568
23..............................................           2.069           1.326           1.173           1.555
24..............................................           2.064           1.316           1.172           1.544
25..............................................           2.060           1.308           1.172           1.533
26..............................................           2.056           1.300           1.171           1.522
27..............................................           2.052           1.293           1.170           1.513
28..............................................           2.048           1.286           1.170           1.504
29..............................................           2.045           1.280           1.169           1.496
30..............................................           2.042           1.274           1.168           1.488
31..............................................           2.040           1.268           1.168           1.4