Winter Pears Grown in Oregon and Washington; Order Amending Marketing Order No. 927, 29388-29398 [05-9961]

Agencies

• Agricultural Marketing Service
• DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 97 (Friday, May 20, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 29388-29398]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-9961]



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Part III





Department of Agriculture





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Agricultural Marketing Service



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7 CFR Part 927



Winter Pears Grown in Oregon and Washington; Order Amending Marketing 
Order No. 927; Final Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 97 / Friday, May 20, 2005 / Rules and 
Regulations

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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 927

[Docket No. AO-F&V-927-A1; FV04-927-1 FR]


Winter Pears Grown in Oregon and Washington; Order Amending 
Marketing Order No. 927

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule amends the marketing order (order) for winter pears 
grown in Oregon and Washington. The amendments are based on 
recommendations jointly proposed by the Winter Pear Control Committee 
and the Northwest Fresh Bartlett Marketing Committee, which are 
responsible for local administration of orders 927 and 931, 
respectively. Marketing Agreement and Order No. 931 regulates the 
handling of fresh Bartlett pears grown in Oregon and Washington. The 
amendments would combine the winter pear and fresh Bartlett orders into 
a single program under marketing order 927, and would add authority to 
assess pears for processing. All of the proposals were favored by pear 
growers in a mail referendum, held March 22 through April 8, 2005. 
These amendments are intended to streamline industry organization and 
improve the administration, operation, and functioning of the program.

DATES: This rule is effective May 21, 2005.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Melissa Schmaedick, Marketing Order 
Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, Agricultural 
Marketing Service, USDA, Post Office Box 1035, Moab, UT 84532, 
telephone: (435) 259-7988, fax: (435) 259-4945; or Susan Hiller, 
Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, 
AMS, USDA, Northwest Marketing Field Office, 1220 SW. Third Avenue, 
room 385, Portland, OR 97204; telephone (503) 326-2724 or Fax (503) 
326-7440.
    Small businesses may request information on this proceeding by 
contacting Jay Guerber, Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit 
and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Stop 
0237, Washington, DC 20250-0237; telephone: (202) 720-2491, fax: (202) 
720-8938.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Prior documents in this proceeding: Notice 
of Hearing issued on March 24, 2004, and published in the March 30, 
2004, issue of the Federal Register (69 FR 16501), and a Recommended 
Decision issued on January 5, 2005, and published in the January 13, 
2005, issue of the Federal Register (70 FR 2520). Secretary's Decision 
and Referendum Order issued February 28, 2005, and published in the 
Federal Register on March 8, 2005 (70 FR 11155).
    This action is governed by the provisions of sections 556 and 557 
of title 5 of the United States Code and is therefore excluded from the 
requirements of Executive Order 12866.

Preliminary Statement

    This final rule was formulated on the record of a public hearing 
held on April 13 and 14, 2004, in Yakima, Washington and on April 16, 
2004, in Portland, Oregon. Notice of this hearing was issued March 24, 
2004 and published in the Federal Register on March 30, 2004 (69 FR 
16501). The hearing was held to consider the proposed amendment of 
Marketing Agreement and Order No. 927, regulating the handling of 
winter pears grown in the States of Oregon and Washington, hereinafter 
referred to as the ``order.''
    The hearing was held pursuant to the provisions of the Agricultural 
Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), 
hereinafter referred to as the ``Act,'' and the applicable rules of 
practice and procedure governing the formulation of marketing 
agreements and marketing orders (7 CFR part 900y).
    The notice of hearing contained order changes proposed by both the 
Winter Pear Control Committee and the Northwest Fresh Bartlett 
Marketing Committee, which are responsible for local administration of 
orders 927 and 931, respectively. Marketing order 927 regulates the 
handling of winter pears grown in Oregon and Washington. Marketing 
order 931 regulates the handling of Bartlett pears in the same 
production area.
    The amendments included in this decision will:
    1. Expand the definition of ``pears'' to include all varieties of 
pears classified as summer/fall pears in addition to winter pears; add 
Concorde, Packham, and Taylor's Gold pears to the current list of 
winter pear varieties; and add a third category of pears which would 
include varieties not classified as summer/fall or winter pears. This 
amendment extends program coverage to all pears grown in Oregon and 
Washington.
    2. Revise the definition of ``size'' to include language currently 
used within the industry.
    3. Extend the order's coverage to pears for processing by revising 
the definition of ``handle,'' and adding definitions of ``processor'' 
and ``process.''
    4. Establish districts for pears for processing. This amendment 
divides the order's production area into two districts for pears for 
processing: one being the State of Oregon and the other being the State 
of Washington.
    5. Dissolve the current Winter Pear Control Committee and establish 
two new administrative committees: the Fresh Pear Committee and the 
Processed Pear Committee (Committees). This proposal adds a public 
member and public alternate member seat to both of the newly 
established Committees and removes Section 927.36, Public advisors. The 
Committees will coordinate administration of Marketing Order 927, with 
each Committee recommending assessments and administering program 
functions specific to their commodity. Coordinated administration will 
allow each Committee to make decisions on behalf of the commodity they 
represent, yet combine administrative functions, when applicable, to 
maximize efficiencies and minimize program costs.
    Additionally, related changes are being made to order provisions 
governing nomination and selection of members and their alternates, 
terms of office, eligibility for membership, and quorum and voting 
requirements, to reflect the proposed dual committee structure.
    6. Authorize changes in the number of Committee members and 
alternates, and allowing reapportionment of committee membership among 
districts and groups (i.e., growers, handlers, and processors). Such 
changes will require a Committee recommendation and approval by the 
Department.
    7. Add authority to establish assessment rates for each category of 
pears, including: summer/fall pears, winter pears, and all other pears. 
In addition, rates of assessment could be different for fresh pears and 
pears for processing in each category, and could include supplemental 
rates on individual varieties.
    8. Add authority for container marking requirements for fresh 
pears.
    9. Remove the order provision allowing grower exemptions from 
regulation. This is a tool no longer used by the industry and, thus, is 
considered obsolete.
    10. Amend Sec.  927.70, Reports, to update order language regarding 
confidentiality requirements to conform to language under the Act.

[[Page 29389]]

    11. Clarify inspection requirements and adding authority to 
eliminate those requirements if an alternative, adequate method of 
ensuring compliance with quality and size standards in effect under the 
order can be developed.
    12. Eliminate the current exemptions for pears for processing and 
for pears shipped to storage warehouses.
    13. Provide that separate continuance referenda be held every 6 
years for fresh pears and processing pears.
    14. Add the authority for the Committees to conduct post-harvest 
research, in addition to production research and promotion (including 
paid advertising).
    15. Update several order provisions to make them more current.
    16. Revise order provisions to reflect the two-committee structure 
being recommended for administration of the program.
    AMS also proposed to allow such changes as may be necessary to the 
order, if any of the proposed changes are adopted, so that all of the 
order's provisions conform to the effectuated amendments. None are 
deemed necessary.
    Upon the basis of evidence introduced at the hearing and the record 
thereof, the Administrator of AMS on January 5, 2005, filed with the 
Hearing Clerk, U.S. Department of Agriculture, a Recommended Decision 
and Opportunity to File Written Exceptions thereto by February 14, 
2005.
    A Secretary's Decision and Referendum Order was issued on February 
28, 2005, directing that a referendum be conducted during the period 
March 22 through April 8, 2005, among pear growers to determine whether 
they favored the proposed amendments to the order. Ballots representing 
387 pear producers, or about 20 percent of the producers eligible to 
vote, were cast.
    Ballots cast in the referendum were tallied in two ways: (1) To 
determine the level of support for the amendments from all pear 
producers (both fresh and pears for processing) within the production 
area as a whole, and (2) to determine the level of support for the 
amendments among producers of pears for processing within the States of 
Oregon and Washington, each independently.
    To become effective, the amendments had to be approved by at least 
two-thirds of all producers voting or by voters representing at least 
two-thirds of the volume of pears represented by all voters voting in 
the referendum.
    Additionally, according to the AMAA, for the purpose of 
ascertaining producer support for the issuance of an order applicable 
to pears for processing, a referendum must be conducted among producers 
of such pears, and results must be tallied by State (as opposed to the 
entire production area). In order for such proposal to pass, a minimum 
of 66\2/3\ percent of either the number of voters voting by State or 
the volume of production for that State represented in the referendum, 
must be favorable.
    The voters voting in the referendum, both by production area and by 
processed pear producers by State, favored all of the amendments 
proposed by the Committees. These amendments will authorize all pears 
produced in the States of Oregon and Washington, whether for the fresh 
or processed market, to be regulated under Federal marketing order 927.
    Support for the amendments from both fresh and processed pear 
producers within the production area combined represented 98 percent of 
the eligible voters voting and 99 percent of the production represented 
in the referendum.
    Oregon producers of pears for processing voting in favor of the 
amendments represented 100 percent of the voters and volume of Oregon 
pears for processing represented in the referendum. Washington 
producers of pears for processing voting in favor of the amendments 
represented 98 percent of the voters and 95 percent of the volume of 
Washington pears for processing represented in the referendum.
    The amended marketing agreement was subsequently mailed to all pear 
handlers in the production area for their approval. The marketing 
agreement was not approved by handlers representing at least 50 percent 
of the volume of pears handled by all handlers during the 
representative period of July 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004.

Small Business Consideration

    Pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (RFA), AMS has considered the economic impact of this 
action on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has prepared this final 
regulatory flexibility analysis.
    The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of 
business subject to such actions so that small businesses will not be 
unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders and amendments 
thereto are unique in that they are normally brought about through 
group action of essentially small entities for their own benefit. Thus, 
both the RFA and the Act are compatible with respect to small entities.
    Small agricultural producers have been defined by the Small 
Business Administration (SBA) (13 CFR 121.201) as those having annual 
receipts of less than $750,000. Small agricultural service firms, which 
include handlers regulated under the order, are defined as those with 
annual receipts of less than $6,000,000.
    Interested persons were invited to present evidence at the hearing 
on the probable regulatory and informational impact of the proposed 
amendments to the order on small businesses. The record evidence is 
that most of the proposed amendments are designed to enhance industry 
efficiencies and reduce costs, thereby improving grower returns.
    The record indicates that there are approximately 1,850 pear 
growers in Oregon and Washington. Of that total, 1,345 growers report 
Bartlett or other summer/fall pear production, and 1,753 growers report 
winter pear production. Two-year average NASS figures (the 2002 crop 
year and preliminary figures for 2003) provides the following 
production profile for Washington and Oregon, respectively: bearing 
acres, 24,800 and 17,600; yield per acre, 16.8 tons and 11.8 tons; 
annual production, 417,500 tons and 207,500 tons. Total acres planted 
in pears for Washington and Oregon (including non-bearing acres) in 
2002 were 26,586 and 22,822, respectively.
    Summing average Washington and Oregon pear acreage for 2002 and 
2003, and dividing by the number of growers (1,850), the estimated 
average acreage per grower in the two-state area is 26.7 total acres 
and 22.9 bearing acres. According to the 1997 Agricultural Census, the 
average Oregon and Washington pear grower had approximately 23 and 15 
total acres, respectively. The sum of average Washington and Oregon 
pear production for 2002 and 2003, divided by the number of growers, 
yields an estimated average production per grower in the two-state area 
of 338 tons (676,000 pounds).
    The average fresh market grower return for the two States has been 
between 20 and 22 cents per pound in recent years, and between 10 and 
12 cents per pound for processing. Estimated 2-year average pear sales 
revenue per grower in the production area is approximately $101,000, 
which is between \1/7\ and \1/8\ of the revenue that would qualify a 
grower to be a large grower according to the SBA definition (if based 
on pear sales alone). According to the hearing record, roughly 75 
percent of the fresh pear producers in the States of Oregon and 
Washington

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qualify as small producers. One witness stated that a 1,000-acre farm 
represents the threshold between a small and a large producer (a 
substantially different definition from what the SBA uses).
    There are 55 handlers that handle fresh pears produced in Oregon 
and Washington; 73 percent of these fall into the SBA definition of 
``small business.'' There are five processing plants in the production 
area, with one in Oregon and four in Washington. All five processors 
are larger than the SBA's definition of small business. According to 
information presented by processors testifying at the hearing, roughly 
90 percent of pears received for processing come from small grower 
entities.
    The proposals put forth at the hearing will streamline industry 
organization, but will not result in a significant change in industry 
production, harvest or distribution activities. In discussing the 
impacts of the proposed amendments on small growers and handlers, 
witnesses indicated that the changes are expected to result in lower 
costs.
    When implemented, the amendments will result in the consolidation 
of marketing orders 927 and 931, regulating fresh winter pears and 
summer/fall pears, respectively. Program coverage will also be extended 
to pears for processing. The combined programs will be administered by 
two new administrative committees, one for fresh pears and one for 
pears for processing. Cost savings are expected to occur as a result of 
more efficient coordination of administrative activities between the 
two proposed committees.
    Record evidence indicates the proposal to revise the order's 
inspection provisions may result in cost savings for handlers. Handlers 
within the production area typically have about 75 percent of their 
product inspected on a voluntary basis. The remaining 25 percent 
represents the amount of additional product that would be required to 
be inspected if regulations were in effect.
    Handler witnesses also reported that inspection costs average 12\1/
2\ cents per hundredweight, with a $9 minimum fee. In addition to 
paying the inspection fee, handlers may also experience delays in 
shipments while waiting for inspection to be completed. Handlers 
indicated that such delays could be longer for smaller shippers that do 
not have inspectors regularly stationed at their warehouses. This 
amendment seeks to reduce these costs by allowing alternatives to 
mandatory inspection.
    Traditionally, the pear industry has used end-line inspection 
procedures. Under this scenario, samples of packed pears are examined 
at the end of the production process, and the results are certified by 
Federally licensed inspectors. The record shows that in recent years, 
the Federal-State Inspection Service has developed effective, less 
costly alternatives to the end-line inspection program. One alternative 
is the ``Partners in Quality'' program, a documented quality assurance 
system. Under this program, individual packing houses must demonstrate 
and document their ability to pack product that meets all relevant 
quality requirements. Effectiveness of the program is verified through 
periodic, unannounced audits of each packer's system by USDA-approved 
auditors.
    Another program recently developed is the Customer Assisted 
Inspection Program (CAIP). Under CAIP, USDA inspectors oversee the in-
line sampling and inspection process performed by trained company 
staff. USDA oversight ranges from periodic visits throughout the day to 
a continuous on-site presence. Witnesses at the hearing testified that 
the fresh pear industry should be able to utilize any method of 
inspection acceptable to the Federal-State Inspection Service. These 
alternative methods have been developed by USDA as a means of reducing 
costs to industry. When implemented, individual pear handlers will be 
able to choose the method of inspection best suited to their 
operations, thereby possibly reducing costs associated with inspection.
    Additionally, the authority to eliminate inspection requirements is 
expected to have handler cost implications. However, any increase or 
decrease in costs cannot be determined until specific alternative 
methods are developed to assure compliance with any quality and size 
standards in effect.
    The proposal to authorize container marking requirements is not 
expected to result in significant cost increases for fresh pear 
handlers. Testimony indicated that packing facilities are already 
configured for labeling and container marking. Witnesses noted that 
there would be little, if any, need for equipment changes or additions. 
Thus, the proposed change is not expected to have any adverse financial 
impact related to handling fresh pears. It should be noted that this 
amendment will only provide the committees with authority to recommend 
container markings. Implementation of this authority would require 
informal rulemaking in the future. The amendment itself will therefore 
not impose any new regulatory requirements on Oregon or Washington 
fresh pear handlers.
    Witnesses explained that the winter, summer/fall, fresh and 
processed pear industries are closely inter-related. Growing, 
harvesting, packing, processing and marketing activities of these 
industries all impact each other. Thus, bringing all industry segments 
together under a single marketing program will be beneficial for the 
Oregon and Washington pear industry. Proponent witnesses stated that 
the combined amendments, if implemented, will help to improve the 
orderly marketing of product within the industry.
    Similarly, coordinated marketing and distribution efforts for fresh 
varieties that appear in the marketplace simultaneously will assist in 
maximizing grower returns from each variety. While the industries 
currently undertake coordinated marketing and promotional activities, 
witnesses stated that combining these industries will further 
synchronize activities and facilitate industry discussions and 
decision-making.
    The amendments will add authority to assess summer/fall pear 
handlers and undertake promotional activities on their behalf in a 
manner similar to that done currently for winter pears. When asked if 
assuming this authority would be acceptable to the summer/fall pear 
industry, witnesses supported promotional activities, including paid 
generic advertising, as a way to boost sales and maintain market share.
    Post-harvest research will also benefit the pear industries by 
focusing on a section of the pear crop-to-market flow that, until now, 
has not benefited from research activities. Improved storage techniques 
resulting from industry-funded post-harvest research could, for 
example, benefit the pear industry by decreasing the loss of product 
due to storage, or by increasing the storability of product to help 
prolong the marketing season.
    A significant market-facilitating function carried out by the 
current marketing order committees is the collection of statistical 
data. That function will continue under the amended marketing order and 
the authority to collect information will extend to additional 
varieties that are currently produced. Flexibility is provided for 
including other varieties in the future. Witnesses emphasized the 
importance and value of collecting and disseminating accurate 
statistical information to enable industry participants to make 
economic and marketing decisions.
    The proposal to establish two administrative committees also 
includes the addition of a public member to each

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of those committees. The benefit of adding a non-industry, consumer 
perspective to committee deliberations and decision-making could prove 
very beneficial. Witnesses stated that this additional perspective 
would improve the committees' understanding of the consumer in the 
marketplace and could enhance committee activities aimed at increasing 
consumer demand for Oregon and Washington pears.
    The addition of a public member to each committee is not expected 
to result in any substantial cost increases. While these members will 
be entitled to reimbursement for certain expenses allowed for under the 
order, this expense is neither different nor any more burdensome than 
the current reimbursement arrangement for committee members.
    Interested persons were invited to present evidence at the hearing 
on the probable regulatory and informational impact of the proposed 
amendments to the order on small entities. The record evidence is that 
most of the amendments are designed to reduce costs. While some of the 
proposals could impose some minimal costs, those costs would be 
outweighed by the benefits expected to accrue to the Oregon and 
Washington pear industry.
    As with all Federal marketing order programs, reports and forms are 
periodically reviewed to reduce information requirements and 
duplication by industry and public sector agencies.
    The Department has not identified any relevant Federal rules that 
duplicate, overlap or conflict with this proposed rule. These 
amendments are designed to enhance the administration and functioning 
of the marketing order to the benefit of the industry.
    Committee meetings regarding these proposals as well as the hearing 
dates were widely publicized throughout the winter pear industry, and 
all interested persons were invited to attend the meetings and the 
hearing and participate in Committee deliberations on all issues. All 
Committee meetings and the hearing were public forums and all entities, 
both large and small, were able to express views on these issues.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 
35), any reporting and recordkeeping provision changes that are 
generated by the amendments will be submitted to the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB). Current information collection 
requirements for Part 927 are approved by OMB under OMB number 0581-
0089. Any changes in those requirements as a result of this proceeding 
will be submitted to OMB for approval.
    Witnesses stated that existing forms could be adequately modified 
to serve the needs of the proposed fresh and processed pear committees. 
While conforming changes to the forms would need to be made (such as 
changing the name of the committee), the functionality of the forms 
would remain the same. Therefore, there will be no modification to 
reporting and recordkeeping burdens generated from these amendments.

Civil Justice Reform

    The amendments to Marketing Agreement and Order 927 proposed herein 
have been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform. 
They are not intended to have retroactive effect. The amendments will 
not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or policies, unless 
they present an irreconcilable conflict with this proposal.
    The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted 
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the 
Act, any handler subject to an order may file with USDA a petition 
stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any obligation 
imposed in connection with the order is not in accordance with law and 
request a modification of the order or to be exempted therefrom. A 
handler is afforded the opportunity for a hearing on the petition. 
After the hearing, USDA would rule on the petition. The Act provides 
that the district court of the United States in any district in which 
the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or her principal place of 
business, has jurisdiction to review USDA's ruling on the petition, 
provided an action is filed not later than 20 days after the date of 
the entry of the ruling.

Order Amending the Order Regulating Winter Pears Grown in Oregon and 
Washington

Findings and Determinations

    The findings and determinations set forth hereinafter are 
supplementary and in addition to the findings and determination 
previously made in connection with the issuance of the order; and all 
of said previous findings and determinations are hereby ratified and 
affirmed, except as such findings and determinations may be in conflict 
with the findings and determinations set forth herein.
    (a) Findings and Determinations Upon the Basis of the Hearing 
Record. Pursuant to the provisions of the Agricultural Marketing 
Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the 
applicable rules of practice and procedure effective thereunder (7 CFR 
part 900), a public hearing was held upon the proposed amendments to 
Marketing Order No. 927 (7 CFR part 927), regulating the handling of 
winter pears grown in Oregon and Washington.
    Upon the basis of the evidence introduced at such hearing and the 
record thereof it is found that:
    (1) The marketing order, as amended, and as hereby further amended, 
and all of the terms and conditions thereof, will tend to effectuate 
the declared policy of the Act;
    (2) The marketing order, as amended, and as hereby further amended, 
regulates the handling of pears grown in the production area in the 
same manner as, and is applicable only to persons in the respective 
classes of commercial and industrial activity specified in the 
marketing order upon which hearings have been held;
    (3) The marketing order, as amended, and as hereby further amended, 
is limited in application to the smallest regional production area 
which is practicable, consistent with carrying out the declared policy 
of the Act, and the issuance of several orders applicable to 
subdivision of the production area would not effectively carry out the 
declared policy of the Act;
    (4) The marketing order, as amended, and as hereby further amended, 
prescribes, insofar as practicable, such different terms applicable to 
different parts of the production area as are necessary to give due 
recognition to the differences in the production and marketing of pears 
grown in the production area; and
    (5) All handling of pears grown in the production area is in the 
current of interstate or foreign commerce or directly burdens, 
obstructs, or affects such commerce.
    (b) Additional findings. It is necessary and in the public interest 
to make the amendments to this order effective not later than one day 
after publication in the Federal Register. A later effective date would 
unnecessarily delay implementation of the approved changes, which are 
expected to benefit the Oregon and Washington pear industry. Making the 
amendments effective as specified would allow the Oregon and Washington 
pear industries (all varieties of pears for the fresh market and pears 
for processing) to proceed with the combining of marketing orders 927 
and 931 under the amended marketing order 927. Immediate implementation 
of the amendments is necessary in order to

[[Page 29392]]

execute administrative changes necessary for the establishment of two 
administrative committees and incorporating pears for processing under 
the provisions of the order.
    In view of the foregoing, it is hereby found and determined that 
good cause exists for making these amendments effective one day after 
publication in the Federal Register, and that it would be contrary to 
the public interest to delay the effective date for 30 days after 
publication in the Federal Register (Sec. 553(d), Administrative 
Procedure Act; 5 U.S.C. 551-559).
    (b) Determinations. It is hereby determined that:
    (1) Handlers (excluding cooperative associations of producers who 
are not engaged in processing, distributing, or shipping pears covered 
by the order as hereby amended) who, during the period July 1, 2003, 
through June 30, 2004, handled 50 percent or more of the volume of such 
pears covered by said order, as hereby amended, have not signed an 
amended marketing agreement;
    (2) The issuance of this amendatory order, further amending the 
aforesaid order, is favored or approved by at least two-thirds of the 
producers who participated in a referendum on the question of approval 
and who, during the period of July 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004 
(which has been deemed to be a representative period), have been 
engaged within the production area in the production of such pears, 
such producers having also produced for market at least two-thirds of 
the volume of such commodity represented in the referendum;
    (3) The issuance of this amendatory order, further amending the 
aforesaid order, is favored or approved by at least two-thirds of the 
producers of pears for processing from each of the States of Oregon and 
Washington, who participated in a referendum on the question of 
approval and who, during the period of July 1, 2003, through June 30, 
2004 (which has been deemed to be a representative period), have been 
engaged within the production area in the production of such pears for 
processing, such producers having also produced for market at least 
two-thirds of the volume of such commodity represented in the 
referendum; and
    (4) In the absence of a signed marketing agreement, the issuance of 
this amendatory order is the only practical means pursuant to the 
declared policy of the Act of advancing the interests of producers of 
pears in the production area.

Order Relative to Handling of Pears Grown in Oregon and Washington

    It is therefore ordered, That on and after the effective date 
hereof, all handling of pears grown in Washington shall be in 
conformity to, and in compliance with, the terms and conditions of the 
said order as hereby amended as follows:
    The provisions of the proposed marketing order amending the order 
contained in the Recommended Decision issued by the Administrator on 
January 5, 2005, and published in the Federal Register on January 13, 
2005, (70 FR 2520) shall be and are the terms and provisions of this 
order amending the order and set forth in full herein.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 927

    Marketing agreements, Winter pears, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.


0
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, Title 7 of Chapter XI of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is amended by revising part 927 to read as 
follows:

PART 927--PEARS GROWN IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON

Subpart--Order Regulating Handling

Definitions

Sec.
927.1 Secretary.
927.2 Act.
927.3 Person 927.4 Pears.
927.5 Size.
927.6 Grower.
927.7 Handler.
927.8 Ship or handle.
927.9 Fiscal period.
927.10 Production area.
927.11 District.
927.12 Export market.
927.13 Subvariety.
927.14 Processor.
927.15 Process.

Administrative Bodies

927.20 Establishment and membership.
927.21 Nomination and selection of members and their respective 
alternates.
927.22 Meetings for elections of nominees.
927.23 Voting.
927.24 Eligibility for membership.
927.25 Failure to nominate.
927.26 Qualifications.
927.27 Term of office.
927.28 Alternates for members.
927.29 Vacancies.
927.30 Compensation and expenses.
927.31 Powers.
927.32 Duties.
927.33 Procedure.
927.34 Right of the Secretary.
927.35 Funds and other property.

Expenses and Assessments

927.40 Expenses.
927.41 Assessments.
927.42 Accounting.
927.43 Use of funds.
927.44 [Reserved].
927.45 Contributions.

Research and Development

927.47 Research and development.

Regulation of Shipments

927.50 Marketing policy.
927.51 Issuance of regulations; and modification, suspension, or 
termination thereof.
927.52 Prerequisites to recommendations.
927.53 Notification.
927.54 [Reserved].

Inspection

927.60 Inspection and certification.

Exceptions

927.65 Exemption from regulation.

Miscellaneous Provisions

927.70 Reports.
927.71 Compliance.
927.72 Duration of immunities.
927.73 Separability.
927.74 Derogation.
927.75 Liability.
927.76 Agents.
927.77 Effective time.
927.78 Termination.
927.79 Proceedings after termination.
927.80 Amendments.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.

Subpart--Order Regulating Handling

Definitions


Sec.  927.1  Secretary.

    Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, 
or any officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture who has 
been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, the 
authority to act for the Secretary.


Sec.  927.2  Act.

    Act means Public Act No. 10, 73d Congress (May 12, 1933), as 
amended and as reenacted and amended by the Agricultural Marketing 
Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (48 Stat. 31, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 
601 et seq.).


Sec.  927.3  Person.

    Person means an individual partnership, corporation, association, 
legal representative, or any other business unit.


Sec.  927.4  Pears.

    (a) Pears means and includes any and all varieties or subvarieties 
of pears with the genus Pyrus that are produced in the production area 
and are classified as:
    (1) Summer/fall pears including Bartlett and Starkrimson pears;
    (2) Winter pears including Beurre D'Anjou, Beurre Bosc, Doyenne du 
Comice, Concorde, Forelle, Winter

[[Page 29393]]

Nelis, Packham, Seckel, and Taylor's Gold pears; and
    (3) Other pears including any or all other varieties or 
subvarieties of pears not classified as summer/fall or winter pears.
    (b) The Fresh Pear Committee and/or the Processed Pear Committee, 
with the approval of the Secretary, may recognize new or delete 
obsolete varieties or subvarieties for each category.


Sec.  927.5  Size.

    Size means the number of pears which can be packed in a 44-pound 
net weight standard box or container equivalent, or as ``size'' means 
the greatest transverse diameter of the pear taken at right angles to a 
line running from the stem to the blossom end, or such other 
specifications more specifically defined in a regulation issued under 
this part.


Sec.  927.6  Grower.

    Grower is synonymous with producer and means any person engaged in 
the production of pears, either as owner or as tenant.


Sec.  927.7  Handler.

    Handler is synonymous with shipper and means any person (except a 
common or contract carrier transporting pears owned by another person) 
who, as owner, agent, broker, or otherwise, ships or handles pears, or 
causes pears to be shipped or handled by rail, truck, boat, or any 
other means whatsoever.


Sec.  927.8  Ship or handle.

    Ship or handle means to sell, deliver, consign, transport or ship 
pears within the production area or between the production area and any 
point outside thereof, including receiving pears for processing: 
Provided, That the term ``'handle''' shall not include the 
transportation of pear shipments within the production area from the 
orchard where grown to a packing facility located within the production 
area for preparation for market or delivery for processing.


Sec.  927.9  Fiscal period.

    Fiscal period means the period beginning July 1 of any year and 
ending June 30 of the following year or such may be approved by the 
Secretary pursuant to a joint recommendation by the Fresh Pear 
Committee and the Processed Pear Committee.


Sec.  927.10  Production area.

    Production area means and includes the States of Oregon and 
Washington.


Sec.  927.11  District.

    District means the applicable one of the following-described 
subdivisions of the production area covered by the provisions of this 
subpart:
    (a) For the purpose of committee representation, administration and 
application of provisions of this subpart as applicable to pears for 
the fresh market, districts shall be defined as follows:
    (1) Medford District shall include all the counties in the State of 
Oregon except for Hood River and Wasco counties.
    (2) Mid-Columbia District shall include Hood River and Wasco 
counties in the State of Oregon, and the counties of Skamania and 
Klickitat in the State of Washington.
    (3) Wenatchee District shall include the counties of King, Chelan, 
Okanogan, Douglas, Grant, Lincoln, and Spokane in the State of 
Washington, and all other counties in Washington lying north thereof.
    (4) Yakima District shall include all of the State of Washington, 
not included in the Wenatchee District or in the Mid-Columbia District.
    (b) For the purpose of committee representation, administration and 
application of provisions of this subpart as applicable to pears for 
processing, districts shall be defined as follows:
    (1) The State of Washington.
    (2) The State of Oregon.
    (c) The Secretary, upon recommendation of the Fresh Pear Committee 
or the Processed Pear Committee, may reestablish districts within the 
production area.


Sec.  927.12  Export market.

    Export market means any destination which is not within the 50 
states, or the District of Columbia, of the United States.


Sec.  927.13  Subvariety.

    Subvariety means and includes any mutation, sport, or other 
derivation of any of the varieties covered in Sec.  927.4 which is 
recognized by the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee 
and approved by the Secretary. Recognition of a subvariety shall 
include classification within a varietal group for the purposes of 
votes conducted under Sec.  927.52.


Sec.  927.14  Processor.

    Processor means any person who as owner, agent, broker, or 
otherwise, commercially processes pears in the production area.


Sec.  927.15  Process.

    Process means to can, concentrate, freeze, dehydrate, press or 
puree pears, or in any other way convert pears commercially into a 
processed product.

Administrative Bodies


Sec.  927.20  Establishment and membership.

    There are hereby established two committees to administer the terms 
and provisions of this subpart as specifically provided in Sec. Sec.  
927.20 through 927.35:
    (a) A Fresh Pear Committee, consisting of 13 individual persons as 
its members is established to administer order provisions relating to 
the handling of pears for the fresh market. Six members of the Fresh 
Pear Committee shall be growers, six members shall be handlers, and one 
member shall represent the public. For each member there shall be two 
alternates, designated as the ``first alternate'' and the ``second 
alternate,'' respectively. Each district shall be represented by one 
grower member and one handler member, except that the Mid-Columbia 
District and the Wenatchee District shall be represented by two grower 
members and two handler members.
    (b) A Processed Pear Committee consisting of 10 members is 
established to administer order provisions relating to the handling of 
pears for processing. Three members of the Processed Pear Committee 
shall be growers, three members shall be handlers, three members shall 
be processors, and one member shall represent the public. For each 
member there shall be two alternates, designated as the ``first 
alternate'' and the ``second alternate,'' respectively. District 1, the 
State of Washington, shall be represented by two grower members, two 
handler members and two processor members. District 2, the State of 
Oregon, shall be represented by one grower member, one handler member 
and one processor member.
    (c) The Secretary, upon recommendation of the Fresh Pear Committee 
or the Processed Pear Committee may reapportion members among 
districts, may change the number of members and alternates, and may 
change the composition by changing the ratio of members, including 
their alternates. In recommending any such changes, the following shall 
be considered:
    (1) Shifts in pear acreage within districts and within the 
production area during recent years;
    (2) The importance of new pear production in its relation to 
existing districts;
    (3) The equitable relationship between membership and districts;
    (4) Economies to result for growers in promoting efficient 
administration due to redistricting or reapportionment of members 
within districts; and

[[Page 29394]]

    (5) Other relevant factors.


Sec.  927.21  Nomination and selection of members and their respective 
alternates.

    Grower members and their respective alternates for each district 
shall be selected by the Secretary from nominees elected by the growers 
in such district. Handler members and their respective alternates for 
each district shall be selected by the Secretary from nominees elected 
by the handlers in such district. Processor members and their 
respective alternates shall be selected by the Secretary from nominees 
elected by the processors. Public members for each committee shall be 
nominated by the Fresh Pear Committee and the Processed Pear Committee, 
each independently, and selected by the Secretary. The Fresh Pear 
Committee and the Processed Pear Committee may, each independently, 
prescribe such additional qualifications, administrative rules and 
procedures for selection for each candidate as it deems necessary and 
as the Secretary approves.


Sec.  927.22  Meetings for election of nominees.

    (a) Nominations for members of the Fresh Pear Committee and their 
alternates shall be made at meetings of growers and handlers held in 
each of the districts designated in Sec.  927.11 at such times and 
places designated by the Fresh Pear Committee.
    (b) Nominations for grower and handler members of the Processed 
Pear Committee and their alternates shall be made at meetings of 
growers and handlers held in each of the districts designated in Sec.  
927.11 at such times and places designated by the Processed Pear 
Committee. Nominations for processor members of the Processed Pear 
Committee and their alternates shall be made at a meeting of processors 
at such time and place designated by the Processed Pear Committee.


Sec.  927.23  Voting.

    Only growers in attendance at meetings for election of nominees 
shall participate in the nomination of grower members and their 
alternates, and only handlers in attendance at meetings for election of 
nominees shall participate in the nomination of handler members and 
their alternates, and only processors in attendance for election of 
nominees shall participate in the nomination of processor members and 
their alternates. A grower may participate only in the election held in 
the district in which he or she produces pears, and a handler may 
participate only in the election held in the district in which he or 
she handles pears. Each person may vote as a grower, handler or 
processor, but not a combination thereof. Each grower, handler and 
processor shall be entitled to cast one vote, on behalf of himself, his 
agents, partners, affiliates, subsidiaries, and representatives, for 
each nominee to be elected.


Sec.  927.24  Eligibility for membership.

    Each grower member and each of his or her alternates shall be a 
grower, or an officer or employee of a corporate or LLC grower, who 
grows pears in the district in which and for which he or she is 
nominated and selected. Each handler member and each of his or her 
alternates shall be a handler, or an officer or employee of a handler, 
handling pears in the district in and for which he or she is nominated 
and selected. Each processor member and each of their alternates shall 
be a processor, or an officer or employee of a processor, who processes 
pears in the production area.


Sec.  927.25  Failure to nominate.

    In the event nominations are not made pursuant to Sec. Sec.  927.21 
and 927.22 on or before June 1 of any year, the Secretary may select 
members and alternates for members without regard to nominations.


Sec.  927.26  Qualifications.

    Any person prior to or within 15 days after selection as a member 
or as an alternate for a member of the Fresh Pear Committee or the 
Processed Pear Committee shall qualify by filing with the Secretary a 
written acceptance of the person's willingness to serve.


Sec.  927.27  Term of office.

    The term of office of each member and alternate member of the Fresh 
Pear Committee and the Processed Pear Committee shall be for two years 
beginning July 1 and ending June 30: Provided, That the terms of office 
of one-half the initial members and alternates shall end June 30, 2006; 
and that beginning with the 2005-2006 fiscal period, no member shall 
serve more than three consecutive two-year terms unless specifically 
exempted by the Secretary. Members and alternate members shall serve in 
such capacities for the portion of the term of office for which they 
are selected and have qualified and until their respective successors 
are selected and have qualified. The terms of office of successor 
members and alternates shall be so determined that one-half of the 
total committee membership ends each June 30.


Sec.  927.28  Alternates for members.

    The first alternate for a member shall act in the place and stead 
of the member for whom he or she is an alternate during such member's 
absence. In the event of the death, removal, resignation, or 
disqualification of a member, his or her first alternate shall act as a 
member until a successor for the member is selected and has qualified. 
The second alternate for a member shall serve in the place and stead of 
the member for whom he or she is an alternate whenever both the member 
and his or her first alternate are unable to serve. In the event that a 
member of the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee and 
both that member's alternates are unable to attend a meeting, the 
member may designate any other alternate member from the same group 
(handler, processor, or grower) to serve in that member's place and 
stead.


Sec.  927.29  Vacancies.

    To fill any vacancy occasioned by the failure of any person 
selected as a member or as an alternate for a member of the Fresh Pear 
Committee or the Processed Pear Committee to qualify, or in the event 
of death, removal, resignation, or disqualification of any qualified 
member or qualified alternate for a member, a successor for his or her 
unexpired term shall be nominated and selected in the manner set forth 
in Sec. Sec.  927.20 to 927.35. If nominations to fill any such vacancy 
are not made within 20 days after such vacancy occurs, the Secretary 
may fill such vacancy without regard to nominations.


Sec.  927.30  Compensation and expenses.

    The members and alternates for members shall serve without 
compensation, but may be reimbursed for expenses necessarily incurred 
by them in the performance of their respective duties.


Sec.  927.31  Powers.

    The Fresh Pear Committee and the Processed Pear Committee shall 
have the following powers to exercise each independently:
    (a) To administer, as specifically provided in Sec. Sec.  927.20 to 
927.35, the terms and provisions of this subpart:
    (b) To make administrative rules and regulations in accordance 
with, and to effectuate, the terms and provisions of this subpart; and
    (c) To receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary complaints 
of violations of the provisions of this subpart.


Sec.  927.32  Duties.

    The duties of the Fresh Pear Committee and the Processed Pear 
Committee, each independently, shall be as follows:

[[Page 29395]]

    (a) To act as intermediary between the Secretary and any grower, 
handler or processor;
    (b) To keep minutes, books, and records which will reflect clearly 
all of the acts and transactions. The minutes, books, and records shall 
be subject at any time to examination by the Secretary or by such 
person as may be designated by the Secretary;
    (c) To investigate, from time to time, and to assemble data on the 
growing, harvesting, shipping, and marketing conditions relative to 
pears, and to furnish to the Secretary such available information as 
may be requested;
    (d) To perform such duties as may be assigned to it from time to 
time by the Secretary in connection with the administration of section 
32 of the Act to amend the Agricultural Adjustment Act, and for other 
purposes, Public Act No. 320, 74th Congress, approved August 24, 1935 
(49 Stat. 774), as amended;
    (e) To cause the books to be audited by one or more competent 
accountants at the end of each fiscal year and at such other times as 
the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee may deem 
necessary or as the Secretary may request, and to file with the 
Secretary copies of any and all audit reports made;
    (f) To appoint such employees agents, and representatives as it may 
deem necessary, and to determine the compensation and define the duties 
of each;
    (g) To give the Secretary, or the designated agent of the 
Secretary, the same notice of meetings as is given to the members of 
the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee;
    (h) To select a chairman of the Fresh Pear Committee or the 
Processed Pear Committee and, from time to time, such other officers as 
it may deem advisable and to define the duties of each; and
    (i) To submit to the Secretary as soon as practicable after the 
beginning of each fiscal period, a budget for such fiscal year, 
including a report in explanation of the items appearing therein and a 
recommendation as to the rate of assessment for such period.


Sec.  927.33  Procedure.

    (a) Quorum and voting. A quorum at a meeting of the Fresh Pear 
Committee or the Processed Pear Committee shall consist of 75 percent 
of the number of committee members, or alternates then serving in the 
place of any members, respectively. Except as otherwise provided in 
Sec.  927.52, all decisions of the Fresh Pear Committee or the 
Processed Pear Committee at any meeting shall require the concurring 
vote of at least 75 percent of those members present, including 
alternates then serving in the place of any members.
    (b) Mail voting. The Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear 
Committee may provide for members voting by mail, telecopier or other 
electronic means, telephone, or telegraph, upon due notice to all 
members. Promptly after voting by telephone or telegraph, each member 
thus voting shall confirm in writing, the vote so cast.


Sec.  927.34  Right of the Secretary.

    The members and alternates for members and any agent or employee 
appointed or employed by the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear 
Committee shall be subject to removal or suspension by the Secretary at 
any time. Each and every regulation, decision, determination, or other 
act shall be subject to the continuing right of the Secretary to 
disapprove of the same at any time, and, upon such disapproval, shall 
be deemed null and void, except as to acts done in reliance thereon or 
in compliance therewith prior to such disapproval by the Secretary.


Sec.  927.35  Funds and other property.

    (a) All funds received pursuant to any of the provisions of this 
subpart shall be used solely for the purposes specified in this 
subpart, and the Secretary may require the Fresh Pear Committee or the 
Processed Pear Committee and its members to account for all receipts 
and disbursements.
    (b) Upon the death, resignation, removal, disqualification, or 
expiration of the term of office of any member or employee, all books, 
records, funds, and other property in his or her possession belonging 
to the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee shall be 
delivered to his or her successor in office or to the Fresh Pear 
Committee or Processed Pear Committee, and such assignments and other 
instruments shall be executed as may be necessary to vest in such 
successor or in the Fresh Pear Committee or Processed Pear Committee 
full title to all the books, records, funds, and other property in the 
possession or under the control of such member or employee pursuant to 
this subpart.

Expenses and Assessments


Sec.  927.40  Expenses.

    The Fresh Pear Committee and the Processed Pear Committee are 
authorized, each independently, to incur such expenses as the Secretary 
finds may be necessary to carry out their functions under this subpart. 
The funds to cover such expenses shall be acquired by the levying of 
assessments as provided in Sec.  927.41.


Sec.  927.41  Assessments.

    (a) Assessments will be levied only upon handlers who first handle 
pears. Each handler shall pay assessments on all pears handled by such 
handler as the pro rata share of the expenses which the Secretary finds 
are reasonable and likely to be incurred by the Fresh Pear Committee or 
the Processed Pear Committee during a fiscal period. The payment of 
assessments for the maintenance and functioning of the Fresh Pear 
Committee or the Processed Pear Committee may be required under this 
part throughout the period such assessments are payable irrespective of 
whether particular provisions thereof are suspended or become 
inoperative.
    (b)(1) Based upon a recommendation of the Fresh Pear Committee or 
other available data, the Secretary shall fix three base rates of 
assessment for pears that handlers shall pay on pears handled for the 
fresh market during each fiscal period. Such base rates shall include 
one rate of assessment for any or all varieties or subvarieties of 
pears classified as summer/fall; one rate of assessment for any or all 
varieties or subvarieties of pears, classified as winter; and one rate 
of assessment for any or all varieties or subvarieties of pears 
classified as other. Upon recommendation of the Fresh Pear Committee or 
other available data, the Secretary may also fix supplemental rates of 
assessment on individual varieties or subvarieties categorized within 
the assessment classifications in this paragraph (b)(1) to secure 
sufficient funds to provide for projects authorized under Sec.  927.47. 
At any time during the fiscal period when it is determined on the basis 
of a Fresh Pear Committee recommendation or other information that 
different rates are necessary for fresh pears or for any varieties or 
subvarieties, the Secretary may modify those rates of assessment and 
such new rate shall apply to any or all varieties or subvarieties that 
are shipped during the fiscal period for fresh market.
    (2) Based upon a recommendation of the Processed Pear Committee or 
other available data, the Secretary shall fix three base rates of 
assessment for pears that handlers shall pay on pears handled for 
processing during each fiscal period. Such base rates shall include one 
rate of assessment for any or all varieties or subvarieties of pears 
classified as summer/fall; one rate of assessment for any or all 
varieties or subvarieties of pears, classified as winter; and one rate 
of assessment for

[[Page 29396]]

any or all varieties or subvarieties of pears classified as other. Upon 
recommendation of the Processed Pear Committee or other available data, 
the Secretary may also fix supplemental rates of assessment on 
individual varieties or subvarieties categorized within the assessment 
classifications defined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section to secure 
sufficient funds to provide for projects authorized under Sec.  927.47. 
At any time during the fiscal period when it is determined on the basis 
of a Processed Pear Committee recommendation or other information that 
different rates are necessary for pears for processing or for any 
varieties or subvarieties, the Secretary may modify those rates of 
assessment and such new rate shall apply to any or all varieties or 
subvarieties of pears that are shipped during the fiscal period for 
processing.
    (c) Based on the recommendation of the Fresh Pear Committee, the 
Processed Pear Committee or other available data, the Secretary may 
establish additional base rates of assessments, or change or modify the 
base rate classifications defined in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this 
section.
    (d) The Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee may 
impose a late payment charge on any handler who fails to pay any 
assessment within the time prescribed. In the event the handler 
thereafter fails to pay the amount outstanding, including the late 
payment charge, within the prescribed time, the Fresh Pear Committee or 
the Processed Pear Committee may impose an additional charge in the 
form of interest on such outstanding amount. The Fresh Pear Committee 
or the Processed Pear Committee, with the approval of the Secretary, 
shall prescribe the amount of such late payment charge and rate of 
interest.
    (e) In order to provide funds to carry out the functions of the 
Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee prior to 
commencement of shipments in any season, handlers may make advance 
payments of assessments, which advance payments shall be credited to 
such handlers and the assessments of such handlers shall be adjusted so 
that such assessments are based upon the quantity of each variety or 
subvariety of pears handled by such handlers during such season. 
Further, payment discounts may be authorized by the Fresh Pear 
Committee or the Processed Pear Committee upon the approval of the 
Secretary to handlers making such advance assessment payments.


Sec.  927.42  Accounting.

    (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period, the assessments collected 
are in excess of expenses incurred, the Fresh Pear Committee or the 
Processed Pear Committee may carryover such excess into subsequent 
fiscal periods as a reserve: Provided, That funds already in the 
reserve do not exceed approximately one fiscal period's expenses. Such 
reserve may be used to cover any expense authorized under this part and 
to cover necessary expenses of liquidation in the event of termination 
of this part. Any such excess not retained in a reserve or applied to 
any outstanding obligation of the person from whom it was collected 
shall be refunded proportionately to the persons from whom it was 
collected. Upon termination of this part, any funds not required to 
defray the necessary expenses of liquidation shall be disposed of in 
such manner as the Secretary may determine to be appropriate: Provided, 
That to the extent practical, such funds shall be returned pro rata to 
the persons from whom such funds were collected.
    (b) All funds received pursuant to the provisions of this part 
shall be used solely for the purpose specified in this part and shall 
be accounted for in the manner provided in this part. The Secretary may 
at any time require the Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear 
Committee and its members to account for all receipts and 
disbursements.


Sec.  927.43  Use of funds.

    From the funds acquired pursuant to Sec.  927.41 the Fresh Pear 
Committee and the Processed Pear Committee, each independently, shall 
pay the salaries of its employees, if any, and pay the expenses 
necessarily incurred in the performance of the duties of the Fresh Pear 
Committee or the Processed Pear Committee.


Sec.  927.44  [Reserved]


Sec.  927.45  Contributions.

    The Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee may accept 
voluntary contributions, but these shall only be used to pay expenses 
incurred pursuant to Sec.  927.47. Furthermore, such contributions 
shall be free from any encumbrances by the donor, and the Fresh Pear 
Committee or the Processed Pear Committee shall retain complete control 
of their use.

Research and Development


Sec.  927.47  Research and development.

    The Fresh Pear Committee or the Processed Pear Committee, with the 
approval of the Secretary, may establish or provide for the 
establishment of production and post-harvest research, or marketing 
research and development projects designed to assist, improve, or 
promote the marketing, distribution, and consumption of pears. Such 
projects may provide for any form of marketing promotion, including 
paid advertising. The expense of such projects shall be paid from funds 
collected pursuant to Sec. Sec.  927.41 and 927.45. Expenditures for a 
particular variety or subvariety of pears shall approximate the amount 
of assessments and voluntary contributions collected for that variety 
or subvariety of pears.

Regulation of Shipments


Sec.  927.50  Marketing policy.

    (a) It shall be the duty of the Fresh Pear Committee to 
investigate, from time to time, supply and demand conditions relative 
to pears and each grade, size, and quality of each variety or 
subvariety thereof. Such investigations shall be with respect to the 
following:
    (1) Estimated production of each variety or subvariety of pears and 
of each grade, size, and quality thereof;
    (2) Prospective supplies and prices of pears and other fruits, both 
in fresh and processed form, which are competitive to the marketing of 
pears;
    (3) Prospective exports of pears and imports of pears from other 
producing areas;
    (4) Probable harvesting period for each variety or subvariety of 
pears;
    (5) The trend and level of consumer income;
    (6) General economic conditions; and
    (7) Other relevant factors.
    (b) On or before August 1 of each year, the Fresh Pear Committee 
shall recommend regulations to the Secretary if it finds, on the basis 
of the investigations specified in this section, that such regulation 
as is provided in Sec.  927.51 will tend to effectuate the declared 
policy of the act.
    (c) In the event the Fresh Pear Committee at any time finds that by 
reason of changed conditions any regulation issued pursuant to Sec.  
927.51 should be modified, suspended, or terminated, it shall so 
recommend to the Secretary.


Sec.  927.51  Issuance of regulations; and modification, suspension, or 
termination thereof.

    (a) Whenever the Secretary finds, from the recommendations and 
information submitted by the Fresh Pear Committee, or from other 
available information, that regulation, in the manner specified in this 
section, of the

[[Page 29397]]

shipment of fresh pears would tend to effectuate the declared policy of 
the act, he or she shall so limit the shipment of such pears during a 
specified period or periods. Such regulation may:
    (1) Limit the total quantity of any grade, size, quality, or 
combinations thereof, of any variety or subvariety of pears grown in 
any district and may prescribe different requirements applicable to