Approval and Promulgation of State Implementation Plans: Michigan: Oxides of Nitrogen, 23029-23032 [05-8787]
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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 85 / Wednesday, May 4, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
clear the intention to preserve the right
in aggravation cases as was done in
Public [Law] No. [73–]141.’’ S. Rep. No.
403, at 2. Public Law 73–141, referenced
as the model for the Senate amendment,
provided for restoration of serviceconnected disability awards that had
been severed under depression-era
statutes, and provided that:
The provisions of this section shall not
apply * * * to persons as to whom clear and
unmistakable evidence discloses that the
disease, injury, or disability had inception
before or after the period of active military
or naval service, unless such disease, injury,
or disability is shown to have been
aggravated during service * * * and as to all
such cases enumerated in this proviso, all
reasonable doubts shall be resolved in favor
of the veteran, the burden of proof being on
the Government.
Act of March 27, 1943, ch. 100, § 27, 48
Stat. 508, 524. This statute appears to
have placed the burden on the
government to show by clear and
unmistakable evidence both that the
disability existed prior to service and
that it was not aggravated by service. It
is thus consistent with the view that the
presumption of soundness enacted in
1943 was intended to place the burden
of proof on VA with respect to both
issues. That purpose is also reflected in
other statements made during the debate
on the 1943 legislation. See 89 Cong.
Rec. 7463 (daily ed. July 7, 1943)
(statement of Rep. Rankin) (‘‘It places
the burden of proof on the Veterans’
Administration to show by
unmistakable evidence that the injury or
disease existed prior to acceptance and
enrollment and was not aggravated by
such active military or naval service.’’)
Based on the foregoing authorities,
VA is revising its regulations at 38 CFR
3.304(b) to provide that, in order to
rebut the presumption of sound
condition, VA must establish by clear
and convincing evidence both that the
disability existed prior to service and
that it was not aggravated by service. To
accomplish this, VA is amending
§ 3.304(b) by adding, at the end of the
first sentence, ‘‘and was not aggravated
by such service.’’
The effect of this new interpretation is
to establish different standards to
govern for disabilities that were noted at
entry into service and those that were
not. If a disability was not noted at entry
into service, VA will apply the
presumption of sound condition under
38 U.S.C. 1111. If VA fails to establish
either that the disability existed prior to
service or that it was not aggravated by
service, the presumption of sound
condition will govern and the disability
will be considered to have been
incurred in service if all other
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requirements for service connection are
established. In such cases, the
presumption of aggravation in 38 U.S.C.
1153 will not apply because VA will
presume that the veteran entered service
in sound condition. On the other hand,
if a condition was noted at entry into
service, VA will consider the claim with
respect to the presumption of
aggravation in section 1153.
This final rule is an interpretative rule
explaining how VA construes 38 U.S.C.
1111, and it merely reflects the holding
in the Federal Circuit’s decision in
Wagner. Accordingly, there is a basis for
dispensing with prior notice and
comment and delayed effective date
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552 and 553.
23029
PART 3—ADJUDICATION
Subpart A—Pension, Compensation,
and Dependency and Indemnity
Compensation
1. The authority citation for part 3,
subpart A continues to read as follows:
I
Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501(a), unless
otherwise noted.
§ 3.304
[Amended]
2. In § 3.304, paragraph (b)
introductory text, remove ‘‘thereto.’’ and
add, in its place, ‘‘thereto and was not
aggravated by such service.’’
I
[FR Doc. 05–8899 Filed 5–3–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8320–01–P
Unfunded Mandates
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 requires, at 2 U.S.C. 1532, that
agencies prepare an assessment of
anticipated costs and benefits before
developing any rule that may result in
an expenditure by State, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector, of $100 million or more
(adjusted annually for inflation) in any
given year. This rule would have no
such effect on State, local, or tribal
governments, or the private sector.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Secretary hereby certifies that
this regulatory amendment will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities as
they are defined in the Regulatory
Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601–612. Only
VA beneficiaries could be directly
affected. Therefore, pursuant to 5 U.S.C.
605(b), this amendment is exempt from
the initial and final regulatory flexibility
analysis requirements of sections 603
and 604.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This document contains no provisions
constituting a collection of information
under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501–3521).
The Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance program numbers are 64.102,
64.109 and 64.110.
List of Subjects in 38 CFR Part 3
Administrative practice and
procedure, Claims, Health care,
Individuals with disabilities, Pensions,
Veterans.
Approved: April 4, 2005.
Gordon H. Mansfield,
Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
For the reasons set forth in the
preamble, 38 CFR part 3 is amended as
follows:
I
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[R05–OAR–2004–MI–0002; FRL–7904–4]
Approval and Promulgation of State
Implementation Plans: Michigan:
Oxides of Nitrogen
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The EPA is approving as a
revision to Michigan’s Clean Air Act
State Implementation Plan (SIP)
prepared by Michigan that will limit the
emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX)
from large stationary sources (i.e.,
electric generating units, industrial
boilers and cement kilns). This SIP,
which the Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality (MDEQ)
submitted for EPA approval on August
5, 2004, meets all of the requirements
contained in an EPA rule that was
published in the Federal Register on
October 27, 1998. The federal rule,
otherwise known as the Phase I NOX SIP
Call, requires NOX reductions from
sources in 19 States in the eastern half
of the country and the District of
Columbia. MDEQ’s August 5, 2004,
submittal also satisfies the conditions
described in EPA’s conditional approval
notice published in the Federal Register
on April 16, 2004. The effect of this
approval is to ensure federal
enforceability of the state NOX plan and
to maintain consistency between the
state-adopted plan and the approved
Michigan SIP. EPA proposed approval
of this SIP revision and published a
direct final approval on December 23,
2004. EPA received adverse comments
on the proposed rulemaking and,
therefore, withdrew the direct final
rulemaking on February 15, 2005.
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23030
DATES:
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 85 / Wednesday, May 4, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
II. What Action Is EPA Taking Today?
This rule is effective June 3,
2005.
EPA has established a
docket for this action under Regional
Material in EDocket (RME) ID No. R05–
OAR–2004–MI–0002. All documents in
the docket are listed in the index.
Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available,
i.e., consolidated business information
(CBI) or other information where
disclosure is restricted by statute.
Publicly available docket materials are
available in hard copy at the following
address: United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 5, Air and
Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. The
Docket Facility is open during normal
business hours, Monday through Friday,
excluding legal holidays. We
recommend that you telephone Douglas
Aburano at (312) 353–6960, before
visiting the Region 5 office.
ADDRESSES:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Douglas Aburano, Environmental
Engineer, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air
Programs Branch, United States
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, Mailcode AR–18J, 77 West
Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois
60604. Telephone: (312) 353–6960. Email address: aburano.douglas@epa.gov.
This
supplemental information section is
organized as follows:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Does this Action Apply to Me?
II. What Action Is EPA Taking Today?
III. What Is the Background for this Action?
IV. What Public Comments Were Received
and What Is EPA’s Response?
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews.
General Information
I. Does This Action Apply to Me?
This action applies to large stationary
sources of NOX (such as electric
generating units that produce electricity
for sale, other large boilers that produce
steam and/or electricity but do not sell
electricity, and cement kilns) in the
southern counties (Allegan, Barry, Bay,
Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Clinton,
Eaton, Genesee, Gratiot, Hillsdale,
Ingham, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson,
Kalamazoo, Kent, Lapeer, Lenawee,
Livingston, Macomb, Mecosta, Midland,
Monroe, Montcalm, Muskegon,
Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ottawa,
Saginaw, Saint Clair, Saint Joseph,
Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van
Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne) of
Michigan. This action also applies to the
unit at DTE Energy’s Harbor Beach
facility in Huron County.
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EPA is approving the NOX SIP
submitted on August 5, 2004. EPA finds
that Michigan’s submittal is fully
approvable because EPA conditionally
approved Michigan’s initial April 3,
2003, submittal, and Michigan satisfied
the conditions for full approvability in
the August 5, 2004, submittal. This
submittal meets the requirements of the
Phase I NOX SIP Call.
Specifically, we are approving
Michigan’s revision of the ozone SIP
that responds to EPA’s Phase I NOX SIP
Call. On April 3, 2003, Michigan
submitted for EPA approval Michigan
Air Pollution Control Rules 803, 805–
810, and 812–817. Michigan submitted
Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules
802, 804 and 811 on May 27, 2004.
Michigan submitted a revision
combining rules 802–817 as submitted
on April 3, 2003 and May 27, 2004 as
a supplement for ease of incorporation
by reference. This supplemental
submittal was sent by MDEQ to EPA on
August 5, 2004, and it is this revision
that we are approving into the SIP
today.
By this action, we are also vacating
our April 16, 2004 (69 FR 20548)
conditional approval of Michigan’s
earlier NOX SIP submittal.
III. What Is the Background for This
Action?
The SIP revision submitted by the
MDEQ on August 5, 2004, consists of
Michigan Rules 802 through 817. MDEQ
has requested that we approve all of
these rules in the SIP to satisfy the
requirements of EPA’s Phase I NOX SIP
Call.
We concluded in our April 16, 2004,
direct final conditional approval at 69
FR 20548 that the April 3, 2003, SIP
revision was approvable except for a
number of minor deficiencies.
Therefore, EPA conditionally approved
the submittal. On May 27, 2004, MDEQ
submitted for approval as a SIP revision
a package that addressed all of the
issues raised in EPA’s April 16, 2004,
conditional approval. On December 23,
2004, we published a direct final action
approving the corrections submitted by
MDEQ on May 27, 2004. Because EPA
received adverse comments during the
public comment period, we were
required to withdraw the December 23,
2004, direct final rulemaking and
address those comments in today’s
rulemaking.
IV. What Public Comments Were
Received and What Is EPA’s Response?
We received four adverse comments
on our December 23, 2004, approval of
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Michigan’s August 5, 2004, SIP revision.
Although the comments do not
specifically address the actual action
taken in the SIP revision, they are
‘‘adverse’’ to the SIP action in that the
commenters generally disagree with the
action we took on December 23, 2004.
Because all of the comments expressed
the same general concerns in a similar
language, we have summarized them
below as one comment.
Summary of comments
(paraphrased): Several commenters
stated that they generally did not agree
with this action. One specifically felt
that the air in New Jersey is adversely
affected by emissions from other States
and requested that the Agency require
the most stringent controls on upwind
sources that impact the air in New
Jersey.
Response: The level of emission
reductions required by Michigan’s NOX
rules meets the requirements of EPA’s
NOX SIP Call. The NOX SIP Call finds
that specific states (e.g., Michigan) have
sources whose NOX emissions
contribute significantly to another
state’s failure to attain the ozone
standard and requires each such state to
eliminate the amount of such significant
contribution. EPA set the amount of
required NOX emission reductions for
each State equal to the amount of highly
cost-effective NOX reductions available
in the State. Michigan’s rule requires the
amount of NOX emission reductions
determined by EPA for Michigan in the
NOX SIP Call. Consequently, although
the commenter apparently would like
additional reductions, beyond the
amount required by the NOX SIP Call,
by Michigan sources, EPA’s approval of
Michigan’s rule is reasonable, and, in
fact, there is no basis for rejecting
Michigan’s rule.
V. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR
51735, October 4, 1993), this action is
not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ and
therefore is not subject to review by the
Office of Management and Budget.
Executive Order 13211: Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
For this reason, this action is also not
subject to Executive Order 13211,
‘‘Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use’’ (66 FR 28355, May
22, 2001).
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04MYR1
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 85 / Wednesday, May 4, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
Regulatory Flexibility Act
This action merely approves state law
as meeting Federal requirements and
imposes no additional requirements
beyond those imposed by state law.
Accordingly, the Administrator certifies
that this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities under the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601
et seq.).
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Because this rule approves preexisting requirements under state law
and does not impose any additional
enforceable duty beyond that required
by state law, it does not contain any
unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as
described in the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4).
Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
This rule also does not have tribal
implications because it will not have a
substantial direct effect on one or more
Indian tribes, on the relationship
between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes,
as specified by Executive Order 13175
(65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action also does not have
Federalism implications because it does
not have substantial direct effects on the
States, on the relationship between the
national government and the States, or
on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government, as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999). This action merely
approves a state rule implementing a
Federal standard, and does not alter the
relationship or the distribution of power
and responsibilities established in the
Clean Air Act.
Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children From Environmental Health
and Safety Risks
This rule also is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 ‘‘Protection of
Children from Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks’’ (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997), because it is not
economically significant.
National Technology Transfer
Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTA), 15 U.S.C. 272,
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13:01 May 03, 2005
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requires federal agencies to use
technical standards that are developed
or adopted by voluntary consensus to
carry our policy objectives, so long as
such standards are not inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise
impracticable. In reviewing program
submissions, EPA’s role is to approve
state choices, provided that they meet
the criteria of the Act. Absent a prior
existing requirement for the state to use
voluntary consensus standards, EPA has
no authority to disapprove a program
submission for failure to use such
standards, and it would thus be
inconsistent with applicable law for
EPA to use voluntary consensus
standards in place of a program
submission that otherwise satisfies the
provisions of the Act. Therefore, the
requirements of section 12(d) of the
NTTA do not apply.
Civil Justice Reform
As required by section 3 of Executive
Order 12988 (61 FR 4729, February 7,
1996), in issuing this rule, EPA has
taken the necessary steps to eliminate
drafting errors and ambiguity, minimize
potential litigation, and provide a clear
legal standard for affected conduct.
Governmental Interference With
Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights
EPA has complied with Executive
Order 12630 (53 FR 8859, March 15,
1988) by examining the takings
implications of the rule in accordance
with the ‘‘Attorney General’s
Supplemental Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Risk and Avoidance of
Unanticipated Takings’’ issued under
the executive order, and has determined
that the rule’s requirements do not
constitute a taking.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This rule does not impose an
information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5
U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
that before a rule may take effect, EPA
promulgating the rule must submit a
rule report, which includes a copy of
the rule, to each House of the Congress
and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report
containing this rule and other required
information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S.
House of Representatives, and the
Comptroller General of the United
States prior to publication of the rule in
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23031
the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it
is published in the Federal Register.
This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean
Air Act, petitions for judicial review of
this action must be filed in the United
States Court of Appeals for the
appropriate circuit by July 5, 2005.
Filing a petition for reconsideration by
the Administrator of this final rule does
not affect the finality of this rule for the
purposes of judicial review nor does it
extend the time within which a petition
for judicial review may be filed, and
shall not postpone the effectiveness of
such rule or action. This action may not
be challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements. (See section
307(b)(2).)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: April 13, 2005.
Richard C. Karl,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
Part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code
of Federal Regulations is amended as
follows:
I
PART 52—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 52
continues to read as follows:
I
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart X—Michigan
2. Section 52.1170 is amended by
adding paragraph (c)(121) to read as
follows:
I
§ 52.1170
Identification of plan.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(121) On April 3, 2003, the Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality
(MDEQ) submitted regulations
restricting emissions of oxides of
nitrogen (NOX) to address the Phase I
NOX SIP Call requirements. EPA
conditionally approved Michigan’s
April 3, 2003, SIP revision on April 16,
2004. On May 27, 2004 and August 5,
2004, Michigan subsequently submitted
for EPA approval SIP revisions to
address the requirements found in
EPA’s conditional approval. These
additional submittals, in combination
with the original SIP revision, fulfill the
Phase I NOX SIP Call requirements.
(i) Incorporation by reference. The
following sections of the Michigan
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23032
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 85 / Wednesday, May 4, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
Administrative Code are incorporated
by reference.
(A) R336.1802 Applicability under
oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective May 20, 2004.
(B) R336.1803 Definitions for oxides
of nitrogen budget trading program,
effective December 4, 2002.
(C) R336.1804 Retired unit exemption
from oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective May 20, 2004.
(D) R336.1805 Standard requirements
of oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(E) R336.1806 Computation of time
under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(F) R336.1807 Authorized account
representative under oxides of nitrogen
budget trading program, effective
December 4, 2002.
(G) R336.1808 Permit requirements
under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(H) R336.1809 Compliance
certification under oxides of nitrogen
budget trading program, effective
December 4, 2002.
(I) R336.1810 Allowance allocations
under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(J) R336.1811 New source set-aside
under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective May 20, 2004.
(K) R336.1812 Allowance tracking
system and transfers under oxides of
nitrogen budget trading program,
effective December 4, 2002.
(L) R336.1813 Monitoring and
reporting requirements under oxides of
nitrogen budget trading, effective
December 4, 2002.
(M) R336.1814 Individual opt-ins
under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(N) R336.1815 Allowance banking
under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(O) R336.1816 Compliance
supplement pool under oxides of
nitrogen budget trading program,
effective December 4, 2002.
(P) R336.1817 Emission limitations
and restrictions for Portland cement
kilns, effective December 4, 2002.
§ 52.1218
[Removed]
3. Section 52.1218 is removed.
[FR Doc. 05–8787 Filed 5–3–05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
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FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION
47 CFR Parts 0, 2, and 15
[ET Docket No. 03–108; FCC 05–57]
Cognitive Radio Technologies and
Software Defined Radios
Federal Communications
Commission.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: This document modifies the
Commission’s rules to reflect ongoing
technical developments in cognitive
radio technologies. In light of the
Commission’s experience with these
rules, the Commission is modifying and
clarifying the equipment rules to further
facilitate the development and
deployment of software defined and
cognitive radios. These actions are taken
to facilitate opportunities for flexible,
efficient, and reliable spectrum use by
radio equipment employing cognitive
radio technologies and enable a full
realization of their potential benefits.
DATES: Effective August 2, 2005.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Hugh Van Tuyl, Office of Engineering
and Technology, (202) 418–7506, email: Hugh.VanTuyl@fcc.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a
summary of the Commission’s Report
and Order, ET Docket No. 03–108, FCC
05–57, adopted March 10, 2005 and
released March 11, 2005. The full text
of this document is available on the
Commission’s Internet site at https://
www.fcc.gov. It is also available for
inspection and copying during regular
business hours in the FCC Reference
Center (Room CY–A257), 445 12th
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20554. The
full text of this document also may be
purchased from the Commission’s
duplication contractor, Best Copy and
Printing Inc., Portals II, 445 12th St.,
SW., Room CY–B402, Washington, DC
20554; telephone (202) 488–5300; fax
(202) 488–5563; e-mail
FCC@BCPIWEB.COM.
Summary of the Report and Order
1. An accelerating trend in radio
technologies has been the use of
software in radios to define their
transmission characteristics. The
incorporation of cognitive radio
technologies to allow the more efficient
use of spectrum is also becoming
increasingly common. As demonstrated
in this and earlier proceedings, this
Commission has a continuing
commitment to recognize these
important new technologies and make
any necessary changes to its rules and
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processes to facilitate their development
in the public interest.
2. Over the past several years,
manufacturers have increased the
computer processing capabilities of
radio system technologies. As a result,
radio systems are increasingly
incorporating software into their
operating design. Incorporating software
programming capabilities into radios
can make basic functions easier to
implement and more flexible. As the
capabilities have advanced, radio
systems have been gaining increased
abilities to be ‘‘cognitive’’—to adapt
their behavior based on external factors.
This ‘‘ability to adapt’’ is opening up a
vast potential for more flexible and
intensive use of spectrum.
3. On December 17, 2003, we adopted
a Notice of Proposed Rule Making and
Order, 69 FR 7397, February 17, 2004,
(‘‘NPRM’’) in this proceeding to explore
the uses of cognitive radio technology to
facilitate improved spectrum access.
The NPRM addressed: (1) The
capabilities of cognitive radios, (2)
permitting higher power by unlicensed
devices in rural or other areas of limited
spectrum use, (3) enabling the
development of secondary markets in
spectrum use, including interruptible
spectrum leasing, (4) applications of
cognitive radio technology to
dynamically coordinated spectrum
sharing, and (5) software defined radio
and cognitive radio equipment
authorization rule changes. A total of 56
parties filed comments and 14 parties
filed reply comments in response to the
NPRM.
Discussion
4. The development of cognitive radio
technology has been and will continue
to be evolutionary in nature. As the
technology evolves, our intent is to
delete, change, or adopt rules in phases
so as to ensure that our rules facilitate
the market-based development and
deployment of these technologies. In
this Report and Order, we first cover in
some detail various wide-ranging efforts
being undertaken today by both
government and industry to further in
the near term the development of
cognitive capabilities in software-based
radio systems and in the longer term the
evolution into fully capable cognitive
radio systems.
5. To facilitate the market-based
development and introduction of new
technologies into the market, we
addressed certain issues in the Report
and Order that have arisen with respect
to the certification of software-based
radio equipment. Based on our
experience and the comments in the
record, we modify and clarify certain of
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 85 (Wednesday, May 4, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 23029-23032]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-8787]
=======================================================================
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[R05-OAR-2004-MI-0002; FRL-7904-4]
Approval and Promulgation of State Implementation Plans:
Michigan: Oxides of Nitrogen
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The EPA is approving as a revision to Michigan's Clean Air Act
State Implementation Plan (SIP) prepared by Michigan that will limit
the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) from large
stationary sources (i.e., electric generating units, industrial boilers
and cement kilns). This SIP, which the Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality (MDEQ) submitted for EPA approval on August 5,
2004, meets all of the requirements contained in an EPA rule that was
published in the Federal Register on October 27, 1998. The federal
rule, otherwise known as the Phase I NOX SIP Call, requires
NOX reductions from sources in 19 States in the eastern half
of the country and the District of Columbia. MDEQ's August 5, 2004,
submittal also satisfies the conditions described in EPA's conditional
approval notice published in the Federal Register on April 16, 2004.
The effect of this approval is to ensure federal enforceability of the
state NOX plan and to maintain consistency between the
state-adopted plan and the approved Michigan SIP. EPA proposed approval
of this SIP revision and published a direct final approval on December
23, 2004. EPA received adverse comments on the proposed rulemaking and,
therefore, withdrew the direct final rulemaking on February 15, 2005.
[[Page 23030]]
DATES: This rule is effective June 3, 2005.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Regional
Material in EDocket (RME) ID No. R05-OAR-2004-MI-0002. All documents in
the docket are listed in the index. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available, i.e., consolidated business
information (CBI) or other information where disclosure is restricted
by statute. Publicly available docket materials are available in hard
copy at the following address: United States Environmental Protection
Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. The Docket Facility is open during
normal business hours, Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.
We recommend that you telephone Douglas Aburano at (312) 353-6960,
before visiting the Region 5 office.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Douglas Aburano, Environmental
Engineer, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air Programs Branch, United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Mailcode AR-18J, 77
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. Telephone: (312) 353-
6960. E-mail address: aburano.douglas@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This supplemental information section is
organized as follows:
I. Does this Action Apply to Me?
II. What Action Is EPA Taking Today?
III. What Is the Background for this Action?
IV. What Public Comments Were Received and What Is EPA's Response?
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews.
General Information
I. Does This Action Apply to Me?
This action applies to large stationary sources of NOX
(such as electric generating units that produce electricity for sale,
other large boilers that produce steam and/or electricity but do not
sell electricity, and cement kilns) in the southern counties (Allegan,
Barry, Bay, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Clinton, Eaton, Genesee,
Gratiot, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent,
Lapeer, Lenawee, Livingston, Macomb, Mecosta, Midland, Monroe,
Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ottawa, Saginaw, Saint
Clair, Saint Joseph, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren,
Washtenaw, Wayne) of Michigan. This action also applies to the unit at
DTE Energy's Harbor Beach facility in Huron County.
II. What Action Is EPA Taking Today?
EPA is approving the NOX SIP submitted on August 5,
2004. EPA finds that Michigan's submittal is fully approvable because
EPA conditionally approved Michigan's initial April 3, 2003, submittal,
and Michigan satisfied the conditions for full approvability in the
August 5, 2004, submittal. This submittal meets the requirements of the
Phase I NOX SIP Call.
Specifically, we are approving Michigan's revision of the ozone SIP
that responds to EPA's Phase I NOX SIP Call. On April 3,
2003, Michigan submitted for EPA approval Michigan Air Pollution
Control Rules 803, 805-810, and 812-817. Michigan submitted Michigan
Air Pollution Control Rules 802, 804 and 811 on May 27, 2004. Michigan
submitted a revision combining rules 802-817 as submitted on April 3,
2003 and May 27, 2004 as a supplement for ease of incorporation by
reference. This supplemental submittal was sent by MDEQ to EPA on
August 5, 2004, and it is this revision that we are approving into the
SIP today.
By this action, we are also vacating our April 16, 2004 (69 FR
20548) conditional approval of Michigan's earlier NOX SIP
submittal.
III. What Is the Background for This Action?
The SIP revision submitted by the MDEQ on August 5, 2004, consists
of Michigan Rules 802 through 817. MDEQ has requested that we approve
all of these rules in the SIP to satisfy the requirements of EPA's
Phase I NOX SIP Call.
We concluded in our April 16, 2004, direct final conditional
approval at 69 FR 20548 that the April 3, 2003, SIP revision was
approvable except for a number of minor deficiencies. Therefore, EPA
conditionally approved the submittal. On May 27, 2004, MDEQ submitted
for approval as a SIP revision a package that addressed all of the
issues raised in EPA's April 16, 2004, conditional approval. On
December 23, 2004, we published a direct final action approving the
corrections submitted by MDEQ on May 27, 2004. Because EPA received
adverse comments during the public comment period, we were required to
withdraw the December 23, 2004, direct final rulemaking and address
those comments in today's rulemaking.
IV. What Public Comments Were Received and What Is EPA's Response?
We received four adverse comments on our December 23, 2004,
approval of Michigan's August 5, 2004, SIP revision. Although the
comments do not specifically address the actual action taken in the SIP
revision, they are ``adverse'' to the SIP action in that the commenters
generally disagree with the action we took on December 23, 2004.
Because all of the comments expressed the same general concerns in a
similar language, we have summarized them below as one comment.
Summary of comments (paraphrased): Several commenters stated that
they generally did not agree with this action. One specifically felt
that the air in New Jersey is adversely affected by emissions from
other States and requested that the Agency require the most stringent
controls on upwind sources that impact the air in New Jersey.
Response: The level of emission reductions required by Michigan's
NOX rules meets the requirements of EPA's NOX SIP
Call. The NOX SIP Call finds that specific states (e.g.,
Michigan) have sources whose NOX emissions contribute
significantly to another state's failure to attain the ozone standard
and requires each such state to eliminate the amount of such
significant contribution. EPA set the amount of required NOX
emission reductions for each State equal to the amount of highly cost-
effective NOX reductions available in the State. Michigan's
rule requires the amount of NOX emission reductions
determined by EPA for Michigan in the NOX SIP Call.
Consequently, although the commenter apparently would like additional
reductions, beyond the amount required by the NOX SIP Call,
by Michigan sources, EPA's approval of Michigan's rule is reasonable,
and, in fact, there is no basis for rejecting Michigan's rule.
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this
action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' and therefore is not
subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget.
Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
For this reason, this action is also not subject to Executive Order
13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001).
[[Page 23031]]
Regulatory Flexibility Act
This action merely approves state law as meeting Federal
requirements and imposes no additional requirements beyond those
imposed by state law. Accordingly, the Administrator certifies that
this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.
601 et seq.).
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Because this rule approves pre-existing requirements under state
law and does not impose any additional enforceable duty beyond that
required by state law, it does not contain any unfunded mandate or
significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4).
Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
This rule also does not have tribal implications because it will
not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian tribes, on
the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or
on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal
Government and Indian tribes, as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65
FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action also does not have Federalism implications because it
does not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government, as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999). This action merely approves a state rule implementing a
Federal standard, and does not alter the relationship or the
distribution of power and responsibilities established in the Clean Air
Act.
Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health
and Safety Risks
This rule also is not subject to Executive Order 13045 ``Protection
of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR
19885, April 23, 1997), because it is not economically significant.
National Technology Transfer Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTA), 15 U.S.C. 272, requires federal agencies to use
technical standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary
consensus to carry our policy objectives, so long as such standards are
not inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impracticable. In
reviewing program submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of the Act. Absent a prior
existing requirement for the state to use voluntary consensus
standards, EPA has no authority to disapprove a program submission for
failure to use such standards, and it would thus be inconsistent with
applicable law for EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in place of
a program submission that otherwise satisfies the provisions of the
Act. Therefore, the requirements of section 12(d) of the NTTA do not
apply.
Civil Justice Reform
As required by section 3 of Executive Order 12988 (61 FR 4729,
February 7, 1996), in issuing this rule, EPA has taken the necessary
steps to eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity, minimize potential
litigation, and provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct.
Governmental Interference With Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights
EPA has complied with Executive Order 12630 (53 FR 8859, March 15,
1988) by examining the takings implications of the rule in accordance
with the ``Attorney General's Supplemental Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Risk and Avoidance of Unanticipated Takings'' issued
under the executive order, and has determined that the rule's
requirements do not constitute a taking.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This rule does not impose an information collection burden under
the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501
et seq.).
Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, EPA promulgating the rule
must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each
House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United
States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other
required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for
judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court
of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by July 5, 2005. Filing a
petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule
does not affect the finality of this rule for the purposes of judicial
review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial
review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such
rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings
to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: April 13, 2005.
Richard C. Karl,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
0
Part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is
amended as follows:
PART 52--[AMENDED]
0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart X--Michigan
0
2. Section 52.1170 is amended by adding paragraph (c)(121) to read as
follows:
Sec. 52.1170 Identification of plan.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(121) On April 3, 2003, the Michigan Department of Environmental
Quality (MDEQ) submitted regulations restricting emissions of oxides of
nitrogen (NOX) to address the Phase I NOX SIP
Call requirements. EPA conditionally approved Michigan's April 3, 2003,
SIP revision on April 16, 2004. On May 27, 2004 and August 5, 2004,
Michigan subsequently submitted for EPA approval SIP revisions to
address the requirements found in EPA's conditional approval. These
additional submittals, in combination with the original SIP revision,
fulfill the Phase I NOX SIP Call requirements.
(i) Incorporation by reference. The following sections of the
Michigan
[[Page 23032]]
Administrative Code are incorporated by reference.
(A) R336.1802 Applicability under oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective May 20, 2004.
(B) R336.1803 Definitions for oxides of nitrogen budget trading
program, effective December 4, 2002.
(C) R336.1804 Retired unit exemption from oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective May 20, 2004.
(D) R336.1805 Standard requirements of oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(E) R336.1806 Computation of time under oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(F) R336.1807 Authorized account representative under oxides of
nitrogen budget trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(G) R336.1808 Permit requirements under oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(H) R336.1809 Compliance certification under oxides of nitrogen
budget trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(I) R336.1810 Allowance allocations under oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(J) R336.1811 New source set-aside under oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective May 20, 2004.
(K) R336.1812 Allowance tracking system and transfers under oxides
of nitrogen budget trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(L) R336.1813 Monitoring and reporting requirements under oxides of
nitrogen budget trading, effective December 4, 2002.
(M) R336.1814 Individual opt-ins under oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(N) R336.1815 Allowance banking under oxides of nitrogen budget
trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(O) R336.1816 Compliance supplement pool under oxides of nitrogen
budget trading program, effective December 4, 2002.
(P) R336.1817 Emission limitations and restrictions for Portland
cement kilns, effective December 4, 2002.
Sec. 52.1218 [Removed]
3. Section 52.1218 is removed.
[FR Doc. 05-8787 Filed 5-3-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P