Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery, 21971-21976 [05-8464]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 81 (Thursday, April 28, 2005)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 21971-21976]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-8464]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 648

[Docket No. 050112008-5102-02; I.D. 010605E]
RIN 0648-AS23


Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring 
Fishery

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Final rule, 2005 specifications.

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SUMMARY: NMFS announces final specifications for the 2005 fishing year 
for the Atlantic herring (herring) fishery, which will be maintained 
through the 2006 fishing year unless stock and fishery conditions 
change substantially. This action includes one minor regulatory 
language change that reflects a previously approved measure in the 
Fishery Management Plan for Herring (FMP). The intent of this final 
rule is to promote the development and conservation of the herring 
resource.

DATES: Effective May 31, 2005, through December 31, 2006.

ADDRESSES: Copies of supporting documents, including the Environmental 
Assessment, Regulatory Impact Review, Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis (EA/RIR/FRFA), and Essential Fish Habitat Assessment are 
available from Paul J. Howard, Executive Director, New England Fishery 
Management Council (Council), 50 Water Street, Mill 2, Newburyport, MA 
01950. The EA/RIR/FRFA is accessible via the Internet at https://
www.nero.noaa.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eric Jay Dolin, Fishery Policy 
Analyst, 978-281-9259, e-mail at eric.dolin@noaa.gov, fax at 978-281-
9135.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    Proposed 2005 specifications were published on January 31, 2005 (70 
FR 4808), with public comment accepted through March 2, 2005. The final 
specifications are unchanged from those that were proposed. A complete 
discussion of the development of the specifications appears in the 
preamble to the proposed rule and is not repeated here.

2005 Final Initial Specifications

    The following specifications are established by this action: 
Allowable

[[Page 21972]]

biological catch (ABC), optimum yield (OY), domestic annual harvest 
(DAH), domestic annual processing (DAP), total foreign processing 
(JVPt), joint venture processing (JVP), internal waters processing 
(IWP), U.S. at-sea processing (USAP), border transfer (BT), total 
allowable level of foreign fishing (TALFF), and total allowable catch 
(TAC) for each management area and subarea.

  Specifications and Area TACs for the 2005 (and 2006) Atlantic Herring
                                 Fishery
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Specification                  Proposed Allocation (mt)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABC                                                             220,000
OY                                                              150,000
DAH                                                             150,000
DAP                                                             146,000
JVPt                                                                  0
JVP                                                                   0
IWP                                                                   0
USAP                                         20,000 (Area 2 and 3 only)
BT                                                                4,000
TALFF                                                                 0
Reserve                                                               0
TAC - Area 1A                               60,000 (January 1 - May 31,
                                                landings, cannot exceed
                                                                  6,000
TAC - Area 1B                                                    10,000
TAC - Area 2                                         30,00 (No Reserve)
TAC - Area 3                                                     50,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    These specifications will be maintained for 2006, unless stock and 
fishery conditions change substantially. The Council's Herring Plan 
Development Team (PDT) will update and evaluate stock and fishery 
information during 2005, and the Council and NMFS may determine, based 
on the review by the Herring PDT, that no adjustments to the 
specifications are necessary for the 2006 fishing year. Maintaining the 
specifications for 2 years would provide the Council with an 
opportunity to complete the development of Amendment 1 to the FMP, 
which may implement a limited access program for the herring fishery in 
addition to other management measures, including possible adjustments 
to the specification process.
    This action also removes references to the dates by which the 
proposed and final rules for the annual specifications must be 
published, because it is not necessary to specify these dates in 
regulatory text. This regulatory language change is a matter of agency 
procedure and is consistent with previously approved measures.

Comments and Responses

    There were 22 comments received. Similar comments have been grouped 
together. Commenters included the Council, Maine Department of Marine 
Resources, Conservation Law Foundation, Ocean Conservancy, five 
recreational fishermen, three private citizens, three commercial 
fishermen, and one charter boat fisherman. Six industry members and 
associations submitted comments: Cape Seafoods, Inc.; American Pelagic 
Association; East Coast Pelagic Association; East Coast Tuna 
Association; the Coalition for the Atlantic Herring Fishery's Orderly, 
Informed and Responsible Long Term Development; and the Associated 
Fisheries of Maine.
    Comment 1: Three commenters stated that NMFS improperly ignored the 
Canadian herring stock assessment in making its decision about the 
specifications. They noted that a recent meeting of the Transboundary 
Resource Assessment Committee (TRAC) did not produce an agreed-upon 
stock assessment. They also noted that stock size estimates are lower 
in the Canadian stock assessment, and they contend that NMFS ignored 
the Canadian estimate in favor of the more optimistic U.S. assessment.
    Response: In setting these specifications, NMFS relied upon the 
best scientific information available, and neither NMFS nor the Council 
ignored the Canadian assessment. Because the TRAC process failed to 
develop a joint stock assessment for herring, the Council used a 
blended approach to develop a proxy for MSY, which could be used as the 
basis for setting OY. This approach was fully described in the EA 
submitted as part of the specifications package. In short, the models 
used by the U.S. and Canadian scientists agree on historical herring 
biomass estimates until about the mid-1980s, and then they diverge from 
about 1985 onward. At its June 19, 2003 meeting, some members of the 
Council's Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) suggested that a 
level of biomass consistent with the earlier period in the assessments 
may be the appropriate level on which to base an estimate of MSY. This 
is the approach that the Council utilized to develop the proxy for MSY 
proposed in Amendment 1.
    The Council applied average herring biomass estimates from the 
1960-1970 time period to form the basis for a BMSY proxy 
(from which MSY is derived). BMSY is the biomass level that 
would produce MSY. During this time period, biomass was still at a high 
level, and fishing mortality from foreign fishing activities had not 
reached peak levels. Fishing mortality from the foreign fisheries 
reached record-high levels in the early and mid-1970s, which is when 
the herring stock declined rapidly on Georges Bank. The SSC agreed that 
estimates of Fmsy (the fishing mortality rate consistent 
with producing MSY) from 0.2-0.25 are reasonable and do not appear to 
be sensitive to the differences between the two assessment models 
presented by the United States and Canada. The herring biomass averaged 
1.13 million mt (1,130,000 mt) during the 1960-1970 time period. Both 
models agreed on this result. When developing the proposed MSY proxy of 
220,000 mt, the Council rounded this historical average biomass down to 
1.1 million mt. Applying the lower estimate of Fmsy to the 
1.1 million mt proxy for BMSY results in the MSY proxy of 
220,000 mt. The 220,000 mt proxy is currently proposed for inclusion in 
Amendment 1, which is under development by the Council, to serve as a 
temporary and precautionary placeholder for MSY until the next 
assessment for the herring stock complex is completed.
    Comment 2: Eight commenters opposed setting the Area 1A TAC at 
60,000 mt, arguing that it is not a precautionary approach, given their 
concerns about localized depletion of the inshore spawning component of 
the stock. Most of these commenters urged that the Area 1A TAC be set 
at 45,000 mt instead.
    Response: Despite the current disagreement between the most recent 
U.S. and Canadian assessments for herring abundance, the best 
scientific information available indicate that the herring stock is 
healthy. The Council's EA noted that, despite some uncertainties 
regarding the total biomass of the inshore component of the stock (Area 
1A), the best available data indicate that it is appropriate to 
maintain the Area 1A TAC at 60,000 mt. Specifically, the EA stated 
that,
    ``Available information does not provide a clear answer to the 
question of whether or not harvest at current levels will jeopardize 
the inshore component of the resource. However, harvest levels for 
the Atlantic herring fishery have been relatively consistent for 
many years, and available data suggest that the inshore component of 
the stock is stable and has not experienced significant declines in 
biomass under these harvest levels. Without any biological targets 
or benchmarks specifically for the inshore component of the 
resource, the Herring Plan Development Team/Technical Team (PDT/TC) 
cannot [state] with certainty that maintaining harvest of this stock 
component at or near current levels will not cause a decline in 
biomass. Nevertheless, given a long time series of relatively 
consistent catch and stable surveys, the PDT/TC is comfortable 
concluding that no significant declines in the inshore component of 
the resource should be expected under harvest

[[Page 21973]]

levels in 2005 similar to those observed in recent years.''
    The SSC met on June 19, 2003, and came to a similar conclusion, 
which it reported to the Council:
    ``In general, for the stock complex as a whole, current catch 
levels appear to be producing a biomass that is at least stable, if 
not increasing over time. No severe declines in the stock complex 
should be expected by maintaining current levels of catches over the 
short-term; however, the current concentration of harvest in the 
inshore Gulf of Maine is of concern and may be excessive. The areal 
effects of the catch distribution and risks to individual stock 
components may overwhelm any potential risks to the resource as a 
whole. It is critical that the risk associated with overfishing a 
specific stock component be minimized. While there is little risk 
associated with maintaining current catch levels over the short-
term, monitoring the movement of larger year classes through the 
fishery will be important to ensure sustainable catches over the 
long-term.''
    Furthermore, biological concerns are not the only basis for the 
decision to maintain the Area 1A TAC at 60,000 mt. The Council's 
economic analysis predicted, ``losses of $25,000 to $238,000 per year 
per vessel for the Maine purse seine fleet under an Area 1A TAC of 
45,000 mt...Similarly, processing plants most reliant on fish from Area 
1A would experience negative impacts associated with the loss of supply 
and/or market and employment effects resulting from inconsistent supply 
under a lower TAC in Area 1A.'' NMFS agrees with the Council, ``That 
impacts of such magnitude are [not] justified at this time, given the 
lack of conclusive biological information to support such reductions.''
    In light of the SSC advice, NMFS is concerned about the possibility 
that maintaining an inshore harvest of 60,000 mt for the long term 
might be excessive for the inshore stock component. NMFS concludes that 
the Council's specifications process, which will include the evaluation 
of the status of the stock and any new data in 2005, allows the Council 
and NMFS to ensure that the inshore stock is appropriately managed. 
This would provide an opportunity to reduce the Area 1A TAC if new 
biological information indicates that is necessary in 2006.
    Comment 3: Twelve commenters were concerned that the herring 
fishery is eliminating forage that other species rely on. They 
contended that other important species, including cod, haddock and 
bluefin tuna, are likely being negatively impacted.
    Response: Herring is an important forage species for a wide array 
of predators, but it is only one of many prey species that they rely 
on. Others, some of which are quite abundant, include sand lance, 
Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic menhaden, silver hake, butterfish, Atlantic 
saury, and Illex and Loligo squid. Furthermore, despite the differences 
in the herring stock estimates produced by the recent U.S. and Canadian 
stock assessments, the best scientific information available indicate 
that the herring stock is abundant. Therefore, there is no basis for 
concluding that herring is being eliminated.
    One of the specific concerns noted by the commenters is that there 
has been localized depletion of herring due to fishing activity, 
especially mid-water trawling. There is, however, no scientific 
evidence that suggests that mid-water trawling causes any long-term 
dispersal of herring or that it is problematic with respect to the 
health and sustainability of the herring stock in U.S. waters, either 
from a fishery or an ecosystem perspective. Countless observations 
during herring acoustic cruises conducted by NMFS during 1997-2001 
indicate nothing more than short-term disturbance of herring during 
mid-water trawling and acoustic surveying operations. Fishing 
operations by at least a dozen large mid-water trawlers conducted over 
a several-month period during 2001 on Georges Bank caused no apparent 
changes in the distribution of pre-spawning herring as evidenced by 
hydroacoustic surveys conducted by NMFS. In addition, a recent study of 
the spatial dynamics of the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank herring complex 
showed that herring maintained their school structure and interschool 
integrity during the 1970s, despite very large reductions in stock 
biomass. Another recent examination of data for the inshore (Gulf of 
Maine) herring resource suggests that this component of the overall 
resource is stable and much larger than it was in the 1970s and early 
1980s. NMFS, nevertheless, is continuing to monitor the impacts of the 
fishery on herring behavior, and the results of such monitoring will 
inform future management of the resource. In addition, there will be a 
full discussion of the importance of herring as forage for other 
species in Amendment 1 to the FMP, which is currently being developed 
by the Council.
    Comment 4: Two commenters wanted to put a halt to fishing in Area 
1A until it can be established that there is a sufficient population of 
herring to support commercial catches of herring.
    Response: The catch from Area 1A has been fairly steady since the 
implementation of the herring FMP in 1999. And, as stated above, there 
is no evidence that maintaining the Area 1A TAC in the near term at 
60,000 mt is inappropriate from a biological perspective.
    Comment 5: One commenter supported the Council's initial 
recommendation to maintain OY and DAH at 180,000 mt, and still set 
TALFF at zero. The commenter disagreed with NMFS's rationale for 
specifying OY and DAH at 150,000 mt, arguing that the area TACs and 
potential increases in landings should be considered in terms of the 
seasonality of the fishery. The commenter contended that, in order to 
take this into account, the TACs for Area 1A, Area 1B, and Area 3 
should be considered together, as the fish are available in these areas 
in the summer and fall. The Area 2 TAC should be considered separately, 
as that fishery takes place in the winter. The commenter believes that, 
if this is done, it demonstrates that the specifications proposed by 
NMFS would limit growth in the Area 3 fishery to 12 percent, when 
compared to landings in 2001. The commenter also contended that the 
Area 2 TAC of 30,000 mt provides little opportunity for growth in the 
Area 2 fishery when compared to the highest recent landings from that 
area of 27,198 mt in 2000.
    Response: After reviewing the Council's justification for setting 
OY and DAH at 180,000 mt, NMFS concluded that it did not provide a 
reasonable basis for an allocation of zero TALFF. As noted in the 
proposed rule, if OY were set higher than DAH, it could result in 
TALFF, which is the portion of the OY of a fishery that will not be 
harvested by vessels of the United States. While NMFS agreed with the 
Council that there are legitimate and legally defensible reasons to set 
OY at a level that can be harvested by the domestic fleet, NMFS 
concluded that it was not reasonable to assume that the domestic fleet 
would harvest 180,000 mt of herring in 2005. NMFS explained at length 
in the proposed rule why it concluded that it was reasonable to assume 
that the commercial fishery would harvest 150,000 mt of herring in 
2005.
    While the commenter contended that the TACs proposed by NMFS 
provide the potential for only a 12-percent increase in landings from 
Area 1 and Area 3 when compared to 2001, the commenter provided no 
evidence that landings from those areas are expected to increase beyond 
that level. In addition, NMFS is unable to duplicate this calculation. 
In 2001, the TAC was attained in Area 1 (1A and 1B combined), with 
landings of 70,432 mt and a combined TAC of 70,000.

[[Page 21974]]

 Therefore, using that year as a basis, any growth in the summer/fall 
fishery would have had to have occurred in Area 3. In 2001, landings in 
Area 3 reached 35,079 mt. An increase of 12 percent above this level 
would be accomodated by a TAC of 39,288 mt, while NMFS is establishing 
the Area 3 TAC at 50,000 mt, allowing an increase of 42 percent in 
harvest from the area.
    The commenter also expressed concern that the Area 2 TAC of 30,000 
mt is only slightly higher than the highest recent level of landings 
from the area, 27,198 mt in 2000. NMFS notes that the TAC of 30,000 mt 
allows for considerable expansion in landings when compared to landings 
in more recent years. While the 2001 landings levels demonstrate that 
the fishery is able to harvest higher amounts from Area 3, landings 
have not exceeded 20,266 mt since 2001. NMFS concludes that the 
inseason adjustment provision provides a mechanism to address any 
problems that could arise for the industry if landings approach the 
30,000-mt level in 2005.
    Comment 6: Two commenters oppose the reduction in OY, DAH, and DAP 
to 150,000 mt, arguing that the U.S. harvesting and processing sectors 
have the capacity to utilize 180,000 mt. They argued that demand for 
herring is expected to be high, and that processing plants have 
expanded their capacity in recent years. One of these commenters also 
noted that NMFS provided no biological justification for reducing the 
OY or the TACs in Areas 2 and 3.
    Response: NMFS agrees that there is capacity within both the 
harvesting and processing sectors to utilize more than 150,000 mt of 
herring. However, NMFS makes a distinction between the capacity within 
the industry and the performance of the fishery in recent years. NMFS 
concluded it could not continue to justify specifications greatly in 
excess of fishery performance solely on the basis of the industry's 
intention to expand. NMFS concluded that it was far better for the 
development of the U.S. industry to specify DAH at a level that could 
reasonably be attained by the industry; and further, to specify OY to 
equal DAH and TALFF at zero. NMFS notes that the reductions in OY, DAH 
and DAP, and the resultant reductions in the TACs for Areas 2 and 3, 
were not due to biological concerns.
    Comment 7: Nine commenters supported reducing the OY to 150,000 mt. 
Seven of them supported a different allocation of the area TACs to 
reflect the 30,000-mt reduction in DAH, with reductions in Area 1A, as 
well as in Areas 2 and 3. Most of them expressed concern that the TAC 
for Area 1A is too high. In addition, they noted that the reductions in 
TACs for Areas 2 and 3 appeared inconsistent with the PDT advice that 
future expansion of the fishery should be focused on offshore spawning 
components.
    Response: NMFS has explained in the responses to Comments 2 and 4 
why it concluded that it was appropriate to set the Area 1A TAC at 
60,000 mt. The response to Comment 5 explains why NMFS concluded that 
TACs of 30,000 mt in Area 2 and 50,000 mt in Area 3 provide sufficient 
opportunities for the development of the fishery in those areas. NMFS 
reiterates that the inseason adjustment mechanism would allow those 
TACs to be increased up to the levels recommended by the Council, if it 
appears they will constrain the development of the fishery in those 
areas.
    Comment 8: Four commenters stated that setting the Area 1A TAC at 
60,000 mt violates at least two of the management objectives adopted by 
the Council during its current activities to develop Amendment 1 to the 
FMP. These are, ``To prevent the overfishing of discrete spawning 
components of Atlantic herring,'' and ``To provide for the orderly 
development of the offshore and inshore fisheries.''
    Response: The Area 1A TAC has been set at 60,000 mt since 2001, 
and, as stated above, there is no evidence that harvesting this amount 
from Area 1A has led to overfishing of the inshore spawning component 
of the stock. The TAC in Area 1A has been fully utilized in recent 
years, and the development of the fishery in that area has been orderly 
in the sense that it has enabled the participants in the fishery to 
operate during most of the fishing year. The TACs in Areas 1B, 2, and 3 
are set such that they allow for an orderly expansion of the fishery, 
with controls to prevent overfishing the stock.
    As noted by the commenters, the Council will be examining a range 
of alternatives in Amendment 1 that are intended to prevent overfishing 
of discrete spawning components, as well as provide for the orderly 
development of the offshore and inshore fisheries.
    Comment 9: Three commenters supported setting USAP at 20,000 mt, 
noting that it would provide additional processing capability that can 
be utilized by vessels that are not configured to deliver herring to 
shoreside processing facilities.
    Response: NMFS is setting the USAP at 20,000 mt specifically to 
provide additional opportunities for U.S. vessels.
    Comment 10: Three commenters stated that USAP should be set at zero 
because they believe that such an allocation could negatively impact 
shoreside processing operations and discourage their efforts to 
increase production. One commenter contended that a USAP vessel would 
exceed the vessel size limits that apply to herring fishing vessels, 
and stated that those size limits should apply to USAP vessels.
    Response: NMFS reviewed the Council's justification for setting 
USAP at zero and concluded it would inappropriately favor one segment 
of the U.S. processing sector over another, without any justifiable 
reasons. Landings from Areas 2 and 3 (where USAP is being authorized, 
as in previous years) have been considerably lower than the allocated 
TACs for each of the past several years. USAP could provide an 
additional outlet for U.S. harvesters, particularly those who operate 
vessels that do not have refrigerated seawater systems (RSW) to 
maintain catch quality for delivery to onshore processors. Such vessels 
could offload product to USAP vessels near the fishing areas, 
increasing the benefits to the U.S. industry. Given the significant gap 
between the DAH and recent landings in this fishery, the allocation of 
20,000 mt for USAP should not restrict either the operation or the 
expansion of the shoreside processing facilities.
    NMFS notes that the FMP specifically allows USAP vessels to exceed 
the vessel size limits that apply to fishing vessels.
    Comment 11: Six commenters supported NMFS's intention to use the 
inseason adjustment provision in the FMP to increase the allocations 
for TAC in Areas 2 and Area 3 if the landings approach the TACs being 
set in these specifications. Most of these commenters recommended 
establishing a trigger point at which the action would be initiated, 
with many suggesting that the adjustment should be triggered when 
landings reach 75 percent of the OY.
    Response: NMFS agrees that it will be important to closely monitor 
herring landings in 2005 and 2006 so that an in-season adjustment, if 
necessary, can be implemented quickly. NMFS will utilize all available 
data sources and landings projection techniques to ensure that it can 
achieve that goal. NMFS sees no need to establish a pre-established 
landings trigger for initiating an inseason increase. The provision 
requires that NMFS consult with the Council and, through the Council 
process, the industry can provide additional information about activity 
in

[[Page 21975]]

the fishery to help determine the need for an inseason adjustment.
    Comment 12: One commenter supports the use of the inseason 
adjustment, if necessary, but would like to broaden it to give the NMFS 
Regional Administrator the authority to do the following: Adjust OY, 
DAH, and area TACs downward if scientific information warrants it; 
implement bycatch control measures, including hard bycatch caps, for 
species including groundfish and marine mammals; and require mandatory 
levels of observer coverage on a seasonal and/or area basis if high 
amounts of bycatch are encountered.
    Response: The inseason adjustment regulations at Sec.  648.200(e) 
give the Regional Administrator the authority to adjust the 
specifications and TACs either upward or downward, assuming that new 
information warrants such an adjustment. However, the regulations do 
not allow the Regional Administrator to implement bycatch control 
measures or to require mandatory levels of observer coverage. Such 
management measures must be addressed through the framework process or 
through an amendment to the FMP.
    Comment 13: One commenter suggested that, because NMFS can close 
the herring fishery through a notification in the Federal Register, it 
should be able to take the same abbreviated action to increase OY, DAH, 
DAP, and area TACs, if necessary.
    Response: NMFS does not have legal authority to adjust the 
specifications through the mechanism proposed by the commenter. 
Applicable laws and regulations require that NMFS go through notice and 
comment rulemaking to increase OY,DAH, DAP and area TACs.
    Comment 14: Seven commenters opposed setting the specifications for 
a period of 2 years, with some arguing that because it is a dynamic 
fishery, the specifications need to be reconsidered and reestablished 
annually.
    Response: This action does not automatically establish these 
specifications for 2 years. The Council intended, however, that the 
specifications for 2005 will be maintained in 2006, if appropriate. The 
herring PDT will evaluate updated stock and fishery information during 
2005, and will make a recommendation to the Council and NMFS concerning 
whether or not to maintain these specifications for 2006. If new data 
require it, the Council will initiate the process to establish new 
specifications for the 2006 fishing year. NMFS has used this rulemaking 
to ensure that the public understands the Council's intent.
    Comment 15: One commenter stated that the system thorough which the 
specifications were developed was not fair, in large part because it 
did not adequately reflect the concerns and interests of recreational 
fishermen.
    Response: The process used by the Council to develop these 
specifications was open to the public, and public notice was given well 
in advance of all meetings of the Council's Herring Advisory Panel and 
Herring Oversight Committee. In addition, the specifications were 
debated at Council meetings, during which public comment was solicited. 
Furthermore, the publication of the proposed rule for the 
specifications provided an additional opportunity for any interested 
individuals or groups to submit comments on the measures being 
considered, as was done by this commenter.
    Comment 16: One commenter opposed the removal of the regulatory 
text that specifies the dates by which the proposed and final rules for 
the annual specifications must be published.
    Response: This change is being made because it is unnecessary to 
specify such dates in regulatory text. NMFS believes that the 
requirement to issue specifications for each fishing year is sufficient 
to assure that the appropriate regulatory action will be taken. 
Furthermore, the timing of the Council process, and date of the 
Council's submission of its recommendations, determines whether NMFS is 
able to publish the proposed and final rules by a specific date. The 
dates themselves are not sufficient to control the process.
    Comment 17: One commenter suggested that all quotas be cut by 50 
percent this year, and by 10 percent each succeeding year, but provided 
no basis for these recommendations. Response: The TACs established by 
this action are based on the best scientific information available and 
extensive analyses conducted by the Council and reviewed by NMFS. There 
is no information to support the reductions suggested by the commenter.

Classification

    This final rule has been determined to be not significant for 
purposes of Executive Order 12866.
    Included in this final rule is the FRFA prepared pursuant to 5 
U.S.C. 604(a). The FRFA incorporates the discussion that follows, the 
comments and responses to the proposed rule, and the initial regulatory 
flexibility analysis (IRFA) and other analyses completed in support of 
this action. No comments were received on the IRFA. A copy of the IRFA 
is available from the Regional Administrator (see ADDRESSES).

Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

Statement of Objective and Need
    A description of the reasons why this action is being considered, 
and the objectives of and legal basis for this action, is contained in 
the preamble to the proposed rule and is not repeated here.

Description and Estimate of Number of Small Entities to Which the Rule 
Will Apply

    During the 2003 fishing year, 154 vessels landed herring, 38 of 
which averaged more than 2,000 lb (907 kg) of herring per trip. There 
are no large entities, as defined in section 601 of the RFA, 
participating in this fishery. Therefore, there are no disproportionate 
economic impacts between large and small entities.

Description of Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance 
Requirements

    This action does not contain any new collection-of-information, 
reporting, recordkeeping, or other compliance requirements. It does not 
duplicate, overlap, or conflict with any other Federal rules.

Minimizing Significant Economic Impacts on Small Entities

    The annual setting of the specifications focuses on the allocation 
of herring to various groups and for various purposes. Impacts were 
assessed by the Council and NMFS by comparing the proposed measures to 
the herring landings made in 2003. Alternatives that were considered to 
lessen the impacts on small entities are summarized below.
    The Council analyzed four alternatives for OY and the distribution 
of TACs. One alternative would have retained the specifications 
implemented during the 2003 fishing year, which would have maintained 
the OY at 180,000 mt. This OY is still roughly 80 percent greater than 
the average historical landings for this fishery, and therefore that 
level of OY would not pose a constraint on the fishery. This 
alternative was rejected because it would have set OY at a level that 
is too high in light of the historic performance of the fishery. An 
allocation of this level could have resulted in an allocation of TALFF, 
resulting in negative impacts on the U.S. industry.
    The three other alternatives considered by the Council would have 
set the OY at 150,000 mt. Although the OY of 150,000 mt is lower than 
that proposed by the Council, it is still

[[Page 21976]]

roughly 50 percent greater than the average historical landings for 
this fishery, and therefore that level of OY is not expected to pose a 
constraint on the fishery.
    The alternatives that would set the OY at 150,000 mt would 
establish varying levels for the area TACs. One alternative would have 
established the following TACs: Area 1A, 60,000 mt; Area 1B, 10,000 mt; 
Area 2, 20,000 mt; and Area 3, 60,000 mt. The only area TAC that would 
be lower than the 2003 TAC under this option is the Area 2 TAC. The 
most recent year in which the landings from this area were greater than 
20,000 mt (the proposed TAC) was 2000 (27,198 mt). The average landings 
from 2001 to 2003 were 14,300 mt, with 2003 landings at 16,079 mt. 
Under current market conditions, the new TAC may become constraining if 
the fishery in 2005 (and possibly 2006) is similar to that in 2000. If 
this is the case, then the Area 2 TAC fishery season could end before 
the end of the year, creating a potential economic constraint on the 
fishery, especially if vessels were forced to travel farther (increased 
steaming time) to harvest herring in Area 3. Because of this potential 
for economic costs, this alternative was rejected.
    Another alternative considered would have established the following 
TACs: Area 1A, 45,000 mt; Area 1B, 10,000 mt; Area 2, 35,000 mt; and 
Area 3, 60,000 mt. With a 15,000-mt decrease in the combined Area 1 
TACs, the economic impact of this alternative could be relatively large 
on vessels in the fishery that depend on herring in Area 1A, especially 
if those vessels are not able to move to other areas to obtain fish. 
Even if vessels could fish in other areas, their operating costs would 
be increased because of increased steaming time. Because of this 
potential for economic costs, this alternative was rejected. An Area 2 
TAC of 35,000 mt proposed under this alternative would not be 
constraining given recent landings history.
    The final alternative considered would have established the 
following TACs: Area 1A, 55,000 mt; Area 1B, 5,000 mt; Area 2, 30,000 
mt; and Area 3, 60,000 mt. With a 10,000-mt decrease in the combined 
Area 1 TACs, the impact of this alternative would be very similar to 
the impact of the prior alternative, although not as severe. Because of 
this potential for economic costs, this alternative was rejected. An 
Area 2 TAC of 30,000 mt proposed under this alternative would not be 
constraining given recent landings history.

Small Entity Compliance Guide

    Section 212 of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness 
Act of 1996 states that, for each rule, or group of related rules, for 
which an agency is required to prepare a FRFA, the agency shall publish 
one or more guides to assist small entities in complying with the rule 
and shall designate such publications as ``small entity compliance 
guides.'' The agency shall explain the actions a small entity is 
required to take to comply with a rule or group of rules. As part of 
this rulemaking process, a small entity compliance guide will be sent 
to all holders of permits issued for the herring fishery. In addition, 
copies of this final rule and guide (i.e., permit holder letter) are 
available from the Regional Administrator (see ADDRESSES) and may be 
found at the following web site: https://www.nmfs.gov/ro/doc/nero.html.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 648

    Fisheries, Fishing, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: April 21, 2005.
Rebecca Lent,
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine 
Fisheries Service.
    For the reasons set out above, 50 CFR part 648 is amended as 
follows:

PART 648--FISHERIES OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

0
1. The authority citation for part 648 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.

0
2. In Sec.  648.200, paragraphs (c) and (d) are revised to read as 
follows:


Sec.  648.200  Specifications.

* * * * *
    (c) The Atlantic Herring Oversight Committee shall review the 
recommendations of the PDT and shall consult with the Commission's 
Herring Section. Based on these recommendations and any public comment 
received, the Herring Oversight Committee shall recommend to the 
Council appropriate specifications. The Council shall review these 
recommendations and, after considering public comment, shall recommend 
appropriate specifications to NMFS. NMFS shall review the 
recommendations, consider any comments received from the Commission, 
and shall publish notification in the Federal Register proposing 
specifications and providing a 30-day public comment period. If the 
proposed specifications differ from those recommended by the Council, 
the reasons for any differences shall be clearly stated and the revised 
specifications must satisfy the criteria set forth in this section.
    (d) NMFS shall make a final determination concerning the 
specifications for Atlantic herring. Notification of the final 
specifications and responses to public comments shall be published in 
the Federal Register. If the final specification amounts differ from 
those recommended by the Council, the reason(s) for the difference(s) 
must be clearly stated and the revised specifications must be 
consistent with the criteria set forth in paragraph (b) of this 
section. The previous year's specifications shall remain effective 
unless revised through the specification process. NMFS shall issue 
notification in the Federal Register if the previous year's 
specifications will not be changed.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 05-8464 Filed 4-27-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-S